[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163973},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2222},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2215,"extension":2216,"meta":2217,"navigation":271,"path":2218,"seo":2219,"stem":2220,"__hash__":2221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2172},"minimark",[9,13,27,33,46,51,135,140,163,169,173,178,181,195,198,285,288,323,330,338,342,345,362,365,373,379,398,401,501,503,598,605,609,612,655,657,686,689,706,708,768,770,804,807,814,818,823,828,895,897,917,924,928,991,993,1014,1018,1024,1073,1075,1109,1112,1116,1149,1151,1181,1185,1191,1194,1197,1219,1221,1270,1276,1290,1293,1329,1336,1339,1384,1386,1414,1418,1423,1440,1443,1512,1514,1530,1533,1537,1540,1546,1575,1577,1596,1603,1642,1644,1662,1668,1697,1699,1718,1721,1738,1742,1747,1754,1757,1786,1793,1798,1813,1823,1827,1830,1861,1868,1871,1885,1888,1892,1895,1955,1958,1984,1988,1992,1995,1999,2007,2011,2014,2018,2021,2023,2047,2049,2090,2098,2107,2110,2141,2145,2168],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21,22,26],"p",{},"The built-in ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"set()"," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[23,24,25],"strong",{},"unique values only",".",[14,28,29,30,32],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,31,20],{}," to:",[34,35,36,40,43],"ul",{},[37,38,39],"li",{},"remove duplicates from a list",[37,41,42],{},"check whether a value exists",[37,44,45],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[47,48,50],"h2",{"id":49},"quick-example","Quick example",[52,53,58],"pre",{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n","python","",[18,59,60,99,121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62,65,69,73,77,81,84,87,89,91,93,96],"span",{"class":63,"line":64},"line",1,[61,66,68],{"class":67},"su5hD","numbers ",[61,70,72],{"class":71},"smGrS","=",[61,74,76],{"class":75},"sP7_E"," [",[61,78,80],{"class":79},"srdBf","1",[61,82,83],{"class":75},",",[61,85,86],{"class":79}," 2",[61,88,83],{"class":75},[61,90,86],{"class":79},[61,92,83],{"class":75},[61,94,95],{"class":79}," 3",[61,97,98],{"class":75},"]\n",[61,100,102,105,107,111,114,118],{"class":63,"line":101},2,[61,103,104],{"class":67},"unique_numbers ",[61,106,72],{"class":71},[61,108,110],{"class":109},"sZMiF"," set",[61,112,113],{"class":75},"(",[61,115,117],{"class":116},"slqww","numbers",[61,119,120],{"class":75},")\n",[61,122,124,128,130,133],{"class":63,"line":123},3,[61,125,127],{"class":126},"sptTA","print",[61,129,113],{"class":75},[61,131,132],{"class":116},"unique_numbers",[61,134,120],{"class":75},[14,136,137],{},[23,138,139],{},"Output:",[52,141,143],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,144,145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146,147,150,152,154,156,158,160],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148,149],{"class":75},"{",[61,151,80],{"class":79},[61,153,83],{"class":75},[61,155,86],{"class":79},[61,157,83],{"class":75},[61,159,95],{"class":79},[61,161,162],{"class":75},"}\n",[14,164,165,166,168],{},"Use ",[18,167,20],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[47,170,172],{"id":171},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,174,175,177],{},[18,176,20],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,179,180],{},"Important things to know:",[34,182,183,186,189,192],{},[37,184,185],{},"A set stores unique items only",[37,187,188],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[37,190,191],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[37,193,194],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,196,197],{},"Example:",[52,199,201],{"className":54,"code":200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,202,203,251,267,273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,204,205,208,210,212,216,220,222,224,227,230,232,234,236,238,240,242,244,247,249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,206,207],{"class":67},"colors ",[61,209,72],{"class":71},[61,211,76],{"class":75},[61,213,215],{"class":214},"sjJ54","\"",[61,217,219],{"class":218},"s_sjI","red",[61,221,215],{"class":214},[61,223,83],{"class":75},[61,225,226],{"class":214}," \"",[61,228,229],{"class":218},"blue",[61,231,215],{"class":214},[61,233,83],{"class":75},[61,235,226],{"class":214},[61,237,219],{"class":218},[61,239,215],{"class":214},[61,241,83],{"class":75},[61,243,226],{"class":214},[61,245,246],{"class":218},"green",[61,248,215],{"class":214},[61,250,98],{"class":75},[61,252,253,256,258,260,262,265],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,254,255],{"class":67},"unique_colors ",[61,257,72],{"class":71},[61,259,110],{"class":109},[61,261,113],{"class":75},[61,263,264],{"class":116},"colors",[61,266,120],{"class":75},[61,268,269],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,270,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},true,"\n",[61,274,276,278,280,283],{"class":63,"line":275},4,[61,277,127],{"class":126},[61,279,113],{"class":75},[61,281,282],{"class":116},"unique_colors",[61,284,120],{"class":75},[14,286,287],{},"Possible output:",[52,289,291],{"className":54,"code":290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,292,293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,294,295,297,300,302,304,306,309,311,313,315,317,319,321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,296,149],{"class":75},[61,298,299],{"class":214},"'",[61,301,229],{"class":218},[61,303,299],{"class":214},[61,305,83],{"class":75},[61,307,308],{"class":214}," '",[61,310,246],{"class":218},[61,312,299],{"class":214},[61,314,83],{"class":75},[61,316,308],{"class":214},[61,318,219],{"class":218},[61,320,299],{"class":214},[61,322,162],{"class":75},[14,324,325,326,329],{},"Notice that ",[18,327,328],{},"\"red\""," appears only once.",[14,331,332,333,26],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[334,335,337],"a",{"href":336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[47,339,341],{"id":340},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,343,344],{},"The syntax is:",[52,346,348],{"className":54,"code":347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(iterable)\n",[18,349,350],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,351,352,355,357,360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,353,354],{"class":109},"set",[61,356,113],{"class":75},[61,358,359],{"class":116},"iterable",[61,361,120],{"class":75},[14,363,364],{},"The argument is optional.",[34,366,367,370],{},[37,368,369],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[37,371,372],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,374,375,376,378],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,377,20],{},":",[34,380,381,384,387,390,395],{},[37,382,383],{},"list",[37,385,386],{},"tuple",[37,388,389],{},"string",[37,391,392],{},[18,393,394],{},"range()",[37,396,397],{},"another set",[14,399,400],{},"Examples:",[52,402,404],{"className":54,"code":403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,405,406,434,461,481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,407,408,410,412,414,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,409,127],{"class":126},[61,411,113],{"class":75},[61,413,354],{"class":109},[61,415,416],{"class":75},"([",[61,418,80],{"class":79},[61,420,83],{"class":75},[61,422,86],{"class":79},[61,424,83],{"class":75},[61,426,86],{"class":79},[61,428,83],{"class":75},[61,430,95],{"class":79},[61,432,433],{"class":75},"]))\n",[61,435,436,438,440,442,445,448,450,453,455,458],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,437,127],{"class":126},[61,439,113],{"class":75},[61,441,354],{"class":109},[61,443,444],{"class":75},"((",[61,446,447],{"class":79},"10",[61,449,83],{"class":75},[61,451,452],{"class":79}," 20",[61,454,83],{"class":75},[61,456,457],{"class":79}," 10",[61,459,460],{"class":75},")))\n",[61,462,463,465,467,469,471,473,476,478],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,464,127],{"class":126},[61,466,113],{"class":75},[61,468,354],{"class":109},[61,470,113],{"class":75},[61,472,215],{"class":214},[61,474,475],{"class":218},"hello",[61,477,215],{"class":214},[61,479,480],{"class":75},"))\n",[61,482,483,485,487,489,491,494,496,499],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,484,127],{"class":126},[61,486,113],{"class":75},[61,488,354],{"class":109},[61,490,113],{"class":75},[61,492,493],{"class":126},"range",[61,495,113],{"class":75},[61,497,498],{"class":79},"4",[61,500,460],{"class":75},[14,502,287],{},[52,504,506],{"className":54,"code":505,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,507,508,524,536,576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,509,510,512,514,516,518,520,522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,511,149],{"class":75},[61,513,80],{"class":79},[61,515,83],{"class":75},[61,517,86],{"class":79},[61,519,83],{"class":75},[61,521,95],{"class":79},[61,523,162],{"class":75},[61,525,526,528,530,532,534],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,527,149],{"class":75},[61,529,447],{"class":79},[61,531,83],{"class":75},[61,533,452],{"class":79},[61,535,162],{"class":75},[61,537,538,540,542,545,547,549,551,554,556,558,560,563,565,567,569,572,574],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,539,149],{"class":75},[61,541,299],{"class":214},[61,543,544],{"class":218},"h",[61,546,299],{"class":214},[61,548,83],{"class":75},[61,550,308],{"class":214},[61,552,553],{"class":218},"e",[61,555,299],{"class":214},[61,557,83],{"class":75},[61,559,308],{"class":214},[61,561,562],{"class":218},"l",[61,564,299],{"class":214},[61,566,83],{"class":75},[61,568,308],{"class":214},[61,570,571],{"class":218},"o",[61,573,299],{"class":214},[61,575,162],{"class":75},[61,577,578,580,583,585,588,590,592,594,596],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,579,149],{"class":75},[61,581,582],{"class":79},"0",[61,584,83],{"class":75},[61,586,587],{"class":79}," 1",[61,589,83],{"class":75},[61,591,86],{"class":79},[61,593,83],{"class":75},[61,595,95],{"class":79},[61,597,162],{"class":75},[14,599,600,601,26],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[334,602,604],{"href":603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","Python list() function explained",[47,606,608],{"id":607},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,610,611],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[52,613,615],{"className":54,"code":614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,616,617,629,640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,618,619,622,624,626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,620,621],{"class":67},"empty_set ",[61,623,72],{"class":71},[61,625,110],{"class":109},[61,627,628],{"class":75},"()\n",[61,630,631,633,635,638],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,632,127],{"class":126},[61,634,113],{"class":75},[61,636,637],{"class":116},"empty_set",[61,639,120],{"class":75},[61,641,642,644,646,649,651,653],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,643,127],{"class":126},[61,645,113],{"class":75},[61,647,648],{"class":109},"type",[61,650,113],{"class":75},[61,652,637],{"class":116},[61,654,480],{"class":75},[14,656,139],{},[52,658,660],{"className":54,"code":659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,661,662,668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,663,664,666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,665,354],{"class":109},[61,667,628],{"class":75},[61,669,670,673,677,679,681,683],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,671,672],{"class":71},"\u003C",[61,674,676],{"class":675},"sbsja","class",[61,678,308],{"class":214},[61,680,354],{"class":218},[61,682,299],{"class":214},[61,684,685],{"class":71},">\n",[14,687,688],{},"This is important because:",[34,690,691,696],{},[37,692,693,695],{},[18,694,20],{}," creates an empty set",[37,697,698,701,702,705],{},[18,699,700],{},"{}"," creates an empty dictionary, ",[23,703,704],{},"not"," a set",[14,707,197],{},[52,709,711],{"className":54,"code":710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,712,713,724,734,738,752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,714,715,718,720,722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,716,717],{"class":67},"a ",[61,719,72],{"class":71},[61,721,110],{"class":109},[61,723,628],{"class":75},[61,725,726,729,731],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,727,728],{"class":67},"b ",[61,730,72],{"class":71},[61,732,733],{"class":75}," {}\n",[61,735,736],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,737,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,739,740,742,744,746,748,750],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,741,127],{"class":126},[61,743,113],{"class":75},[61,745,648],{"class":109},[61,747,113],{"class":75},[61,749,334],{"class":116},[61,751,480],{"class":75},[61,753,755,757,759,761,763,766],{"class":63,"line":754},5,[61,756,127],{"class":126},[61,758,113],{"class":75},[61,760,648],{"class":109},[61,762,113],{"class":75},[61,764,765],{"class":116},"b",[61,767,480],{"class":75},[14,769,139],{},[52,771,773],{"className":54,"code":772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,774,775,789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,776,777,779,781,783,785,787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,778,672],{"class":71},[61,780,676],{"class":675},[61,782,308],{"class":214},[61,784,354],{"class":218},[61,786,299],{"class":214},[61,788,685],{"class":71},[61,790,791,793,795,797,800,802],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,792,672],{"class":71},[61,794,676],{"class":675},[61,796,308],{"class":214},[61,798,799],{"class":218},"dict",[61,801,299],{"class":214},[61,803,685],{"class":71},[14,805,806],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,808,809,810,26],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[334,811,813],{"href":812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","Python set: creating a set",[47,815,817],{"id":816},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[819,820,822],"h3",{"id":821},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,824,825,826,26],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,827,20],{},[52,829,831],{"className":54,"code":830,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,832,833,865,880,884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,834,835,837,839,841,843,845,847,849,851,853,855,857,859,861,863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,836,68],{"class":67},[61,838,72],{"class":71},[61,840,76],{"class":75},[61,842,80],{"class":79},[61,844,83],{"class":75},[61,846,86],{"class":79},[61,848,83],{"class":75},[61,850,86],{"class":79},[61,852,83],{"class":75},[61,854,95],{"class":79},[61,856,83],{"class":75},[61,858,95],{"class":79},[61,860,83],{"class":75},[61,862,95],{"class":79},[61,864,98],{"class":75},[61,866,867,870,872,874,876,878],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,868,869],{"class":67},"result ",[61,871,72],{"class":71},[61,873,110],{"class":109},[61,875,113],{"class":75},[61,877,117],{"class":116},[61,879,120],{"class":75},[61,881,882],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,883,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,885,886,888,890,893],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,887,127],{"class":126},[61,889,113],{"class":75},[61,891,892],{"class":116},"result",[61,894,120],{"class":75},[14,896,139],{},[52,898,899],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,900,901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,902,903,905,907,909,911,913,915],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,904,149],{"class":75},[61,906,80],{"class":79},[61,908,83],{"class":75},[61,910,86],{"class":79},[61,912,83],{"class":75},[61,914,95],{"class":79},[61,916,162],{"class":75},[14,918,919,920,26],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[334,921,923],{"href":922},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[819,925,927],{"id":926},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[52,929,931],{"className":54,"code":930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,932,933,962,977,981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,934,935,938,940,943,946,948,951,953,955,957,960],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,936,937],{"class":67},"values ",[61,939,72],{"class":71},[61,941,942],{"class":75}," (",[61,944,945],{"class":79},"5",[61,947,83],{"class":75},[61,949,950],{"class":79}," 5",[61,952,83],{"class":75},[61,954,457],{"class":79},[61,956,83],{"class":75},[61,958,959],{"class":79}," 15",[61,961,120],{"class":75},[61,963,964,966,968,970,972,975],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,965,869],{"class":67},[61,967,72],{"class":71},[61,969,110],{"class":109},[61,971,113],{"class":75},[61,973,974],{"class":116},"values",[61,976,120],{"class":75},[61,978,979],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,980,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,982,983,985,987,989],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,984,127],{"class":126},[61,986,113],{"class":75},[61,988,892],{"class":116},[61,990,120],{"class":75},[14,992,139],{},[52,994,996],{"className":54,"code":995,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,997,998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,999,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1001,149],{"class":75},[61,1003,945],{"class":79},[61,1005,83],{"class":75},[61,1007,457],{"class":79},[61,1009,83],{"class":75},[61,1011,959],{"class":79},[61,1013,162],{"class":75},[819,1015,1017],{"id":1016},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,1019,1020,1021,1023],{},"When you use ",[18,1022,20],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[52,1025,1027],{"className":54,"code":1026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,1028,1029,1044,1059,1063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1030,1031,1034,1036,1038,1041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1032,1033],{"class":67},"text ",[61,1035,72],{"class":71},[61,1037,226],{"class":214},[61,1039,1040],{"class":218},"banana",[61,1042,1043],{"class":214},"\"\n",[61,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1057],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1047,869],{"class":67},[61,1049,72],{"class":71},[61,1051,110],{"class":109},[61,1053,113],{"class":75},[61,1055,1056],{"class":116},"text",[61,1058,120],{"class":75},[61,1060,1061],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,1062,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,1064,1065,1067,1069,1071],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,1066,127],{"class":126},[61,1068,113],{"class":75},[61,1070,892],{"class":116},[61,1072,120],{"class":75},[14,1074,287],{},[52,1076,1078],{"className":54,"code":1077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,1079,1080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1081,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1105,1107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1083,149],{"class":75},[61,1085,299],{"class":214},[61,1087,765],{"class":218},[61,1089,299],{"class":214},[61,1091,83],{"class":75},[61,1093,308],{"class":214},[61,1095,334],{"class":218},[61,1097,299],{"class":214},[61,1099,83],{"class":75},[61,1101,308],{"class":214},[61,1103,1104],{"class":218},"n",[61,1106,299],{"class":214},[61,1108,162],{"class":75},[14,1110,1111],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[819,1113,1115],{"id":1114},"from-range","From range()",[52,1117,1119],{"className":54,"code":1118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,1120,1121,1139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1122,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1124,869],{"class":67},[61,1126,72],{"class":71},[61,1128,110],{"class":109},[61,1130,113],{"class":75},[61,1132,493],{"class":126},[61,1134,113],{"class":75},[61,1136,945],{"class":79},[61,1138,480],{"class":75},[61,1140,1141,1143,1145,1147],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1142,127],{"class":126},[61,1144,113],{"class":75},[61,1146,892],{"class":116},[61,1148,120],{"class":75},[14,1150,139],{},[52,1152,1154],{"className":54,"code":1153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,1155,1156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1159,149],{"class":75},[61,1161,582],{"class":79},[61,1163,83],{"class":75},[61,1165,587],{"class":79},[61,1167,83],{"class":75},[61,1169,86],{"class":79},[61,1171,83],{"class":75},[61,1173,95],{"class":79},[61,1175,83],{"class":75},[61,1177,1178],{"class":79}," 4",[61,1180,162],{"class":75},[47,1182,1184],{"id":1183},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,1186,1187,1188,26],{},"Set items must be ",[23,1189,1190],{},"hashable",[14,1192,1193],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,1195,1196],{},"These usually work:",[34,1198,1199,1204,1209,1214],{},[37,1200,1201],{},[18,1202,1203],{},"int",[37,1205,1206],{},[18,1207,1208],{},"str",[37,1210,1211],{},[18,1212,1213],{},"float",[37,1215,1216,1218],{},[18,1217,386],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,1220,197],{},[52,1222,1224],{"className":54,"code":1223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,1225,1226,1259],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1227,1228,1231,1233,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1229,1230],{"class":67},"items ",[61,1232,72],{"class":71},[61,1234,1235],{"class":75}," {",[61,1237,80],{"class":79},[61,1239,83],{"class":75},[61,1241,226],{"class":214},[61,1243,475],{"class":218},[61,1245,215],{"class":214},[61,1247,83],{"class":75},[61,1249,942],{"class":75},[61,1251,447],{"class":79},[61,1253,83],{"class":75},[61,1255,452],{"class":79},[61,1257,1258],{"class":75},")}\n",[61,1260,1261,1263,1265,1268],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1262,127],{"class":126},[61,1264,113],{"class":75},[61,1266,1267],{"class":116},"items",[61,1269,120],{"class":75},[14,1271,1272,1273,1275],{},"These do ",[23,1274,704],{}," work inside a set:",[34,1277,1278,1282,1286],{},[37,1279,1280],{},[18,1281,383],{},[37,1283,1284],{},[18,1285,799],{},[37,1287,1288],{},[18,1289,354],{},[14,1291,1292],{},"Example that causes an error:",[52,1294,1296],{"className":54,"code":1295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,1297,1298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1299,1300,1303,1305,1308,1310,1312,1314,1317,1319,1322,1324,1326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1301,1302],{"class":67},"bad_set ",[61,1304,72],{"class":71},[61,1306,1307],{"class":75}," {[",[61,1309,80],{"class":79},[61,1311,83],{"class":75},[61,1313,86],{"class":79},[61,1315,1316],{"class":75},"],",[61,1318,76],{"class":75},[61,1320,1321],{"class":79},"3",[61,1323,83],{"class":75},[61,1325,1178],{"class":79},[61,1327,1328],{"class":75},"]}\n",[14,1330,1331,1332,1335],{},"Python raises a ",[18,1333,1334],{},"TypeError"," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,1337,1338],{},"A safer example:",[52,1340,1342],{"className":54,"code":1341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,1343,1344,1373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1345,1346,1349,1351,1354,1356,1358,1360,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1347,1348],{"class":67},"good_set ",[61,1350,72],{"class":71},[61,1352,1353],{"class":75}," {(",[61,1355,80],{"class":79},[61,1357,83],{"class":75},[61,1359,86],{"class":79},[61,1361,1362],{"class":75},"),",[61,1364,942],{"class":75},[61,1366,1321],{"class":79},[61,1368,83],{"class":75},[61,1370,1178],{"class":79},[61,1372,1258],{"class":75},[61,1374,1375,1377,1379,1382],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1376,127],{"class":126},[61,1378,113],{"class":75},[61,1380,1381],{"class":116},"good_set",[61,1383,120],{"class":75},[14,1385,139],{},[52,1387,1389],{"className":54,"code":1388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,1390,1391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1392,1393,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1394,1395],{"class":75},"{(",[61,1397,80],{"class":79},[61,1399,83],{"class":75},[61,1401,86],{"class":79},[61,1403,1362],{"class":75},[61,1405,942],{"class":75},[61,1407,1321],{"class":79},[61,1409,83],{"class":75},[61,1411,1178],{"class":79},[61,1413,1258],{"class":75},[47,1415,1417],{"id":1416},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,1419,165,1420,1422],{},[18,1421,20],{}," when:",[34,1424,1425,1428,1434,1437],{},[37,1426,1427],{},"you need unique values only",[37,1429,1430,1431],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,1432,1433],{},"in",[37,1435,1436],{},"order does not matter",[37,1438,1439],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,1441,1442],{},"Example of membership checking:",[52,1444,1446],{"className":54,"code":1445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,1447,1448,1475,1479,1497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1449,1450,1453,1455,1457,1459,1462,1464,1467,1469,1472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1451,1452],{"class":67},"allowed_ids ",[61,1454,72],{"class":71},[61,1456,110],{"class":109},[61,1458,416],{"class":75},[61,1460,1461],{"class":79},"101",[61,1463,83],{"class":75},[61,1465,1466],{"class":79}," 102",[61,1468,83],{"class":75},[61,1470,1471],{"class":79}," 103",[61,1473,1474],{"class":75},"])\n",[61,1476,1477],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1478,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,1480,1481,1483,1485,1488,1492,1495],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,1482,127],{"class":126},[61,1484,113],{"class":75},[61,1486,1487],{"class":79},"102",[61,1489,1491],{"class":1490},"sVHd0"," in",[61,1493,1494],{"class":116}," allowed_ids",[61,1496,120],{"class":75},[61,1498,1499,1501,1503,1506,1508,1510],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,1500,127],{"class":126},[61,1502,113],{"class":75},[61,1504,1505],{"class":79},"999",[61,1507,1491],{"class":1490},[61,1509,1494],{"class":116},[61,1511,120],{"class":75},[14,1513,139],{},[52,1515,1517],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\n",[18,1518,1519,1525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1520,1521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1522,1524],{"class":1523},"s39Yj","True\n",[61,1526,1527],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1528,1529],{"class":1523},"False\n",[14,1531,1532],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[47,1534,1536],{"id":1535},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,1538,1539],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[819,1541,165,1543,1545],{"id":1542},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,1544,20],{}," for an empty set",[52,1547,1549],{"className":54,"code":1548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,1550,1551,1561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1554,621],{"class":67},[61,1556,72],{"class":71},[61,1558,110],{"class":109},[61,1560,628],{"class":75},[61,1562,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1564,127],{"class":126},[61,1566,113],{"class":75},[61,1568,648],{"class":109},[61,1570,113],{"class":75},[61,1572,637],{"class":116},[61,1574,480],{"class":75},[14,1576,139],{},[52,1578,1580],{"className":54,"code":1579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,1581,1582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1583,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1585,672],{"class":71},[61,1587,676],{"class":675},[61,1589,308],{"class":214},[61,1591,354],{"class":218},[61,1593,299],{"class":214},[61,1595,685],{"class":71},[819,1597,165,1599,1602],{"id":1598},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,1600,1601],{},"{1, 2, 3}"," for a non-empty set literal",[52,1604,1606],{"className":54,"code":1605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,1607,1608,1628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1611,68],{"class":67},[61,1613,72],{"class":71},[61,1615,1235],{"class":75},[61,1617,80],{"class":79},[61,1619,83],{"class":75},[61,1621,86],{"class":79},[61,1623,83],{"class":75},[61,1625,95],{"class":79},[61,1627,162],{"class":75},[61,1629,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1631,127],{"class":126},[61,1633,113],{"class":75},[61,1635,648],{"class":109},[61,1637,113],{"class":75},[61,1639,117],{"class":116},[61,1641,480],{"class":75},[14,1643,139],{},[52,1645,1646],{"className":54,"code":1579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,1647,1648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1649,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1651,672],{"class":71},[61,1653,676],{"class":675},[61,1655,308],{"class":214},[61,1657,354],{"class":218},[61,1659,299],{"class":214},[61,1661,685],{"class":71},[819,1663,165,1665,1667],{"id":1664},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,1666,700],{}," for an empty dictionary",[52,1669,1671],{"className":54,"code":1670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,1672,1673,1682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1674,1675,1678,1680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1676,1677],{"class":67},"empty_dict ",[61,1679,72],{"class":71},[61,1681,733],{"class":75},[61,1683,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1695],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1685,127],{"class":126},[61,1687,113],{"class":75},[61,1689,648],{"class":109},[61,1691,113],{"class":75},[61,1693,1694],{"class":116},"empty_dict",[61,1696,480],{"class":75},[14,1698,139],{},[52,1700,1702],{"className":54,"code":1701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,1703,1704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1707,672],{"class":71},[61,1709,676],{"class":675},[61,1711,308],{"class":214},[61,1713,799],{"class":218},[61,1715,299],{"class":214},[61,1717,685],{"class":71},[14,1719,1720],{},"So the rule is simple:",[34,1722,1723,1728,1733],{},[37,1724,1725,1727],{},[18,1726,20],{}," → empty set",[37,1729,1730,1732],{},[18,1731,1601],{}," → non-empty set",[37,1734,1735,1737],{},[18,1736,700],{}," → empty dictionary",[47,1739,1741],{"id":1740},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1743,1744,1745,26],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,1746,20],{},[819,1748,1750,1751,1753],{"id":1749},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set","Using ",[18,1752,700],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,1755,1756],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[52,1758,1760],{"className":54,"code":1759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,1761,1762,1771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1763,1764,1767,1769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1765,1766],{"class":67},"value ",[61,1768,72],{"class":71},[61,1770,733],{"class":75},[61,1772,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781,1784],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1774,127],{"class":126},[61,1776,113],{"class":75},[61,1778,648],{"class":109},[61,1780,113],{"class":75},[61,1782,1783],{"class":116},"value",[61,1785,480],{"class":75},[819,1787,1789,1790],{"id":1788},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,1791,1792],{},"set(5)",[14,1794,1795,1797],{},[18,1796,20],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[52,1799,1801],{"className":54,"code":1800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set(5)\n",[18,1802,1803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1804,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1806,354],{"class":109},[61,1808,113],{"class":75},[61,1810,945],{"class":79},[61,1812,120],{"class":75},[14,1814,1815,1816,1818,1819,26],{},"This raises a ",[18,1817,1334],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[334,1820,1822],{"href":1821},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[819,1824,1826],{"id":1825},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,1828,1829],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,1831,1833],{"className":54,"code":1832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,1834,1835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1836,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1838,1766],{"class":67},[61,1840,72],{"class":71},[61,1842,1307],{"class":75},[61,1844,80],{"class":79},[61,1846,83],{"class":75},[61,1848,86],{"class":79},[61,1850,1316],{"class":75},[61,1852,76],{"class":75},[61,1854,1321],{"class":79},[61,1856,83],{"class":75},[61,1858,1178],{"class":79},[61,1860,1328],{"class":75},[819,1862,1864,1865,1867],{"id":1863},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order","Expecting ",[18,1866,20],{}," to keep the original order",[14,1869,1870],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[819,1872,1874,1875,1877,1878,1881,1882],{"id":1873},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict","Confusing ",[18,1876,20],{}," with ",[18,1879,1880],{},"list()"," or ",[18,1883,1884],{},"dict()",[14,1886,1887],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[47,1889,1891],{"id":1890},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[14,1893,1894],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,1896,1898],{"className":54,"code":1897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,1899,1900,1915,1925,1940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,1901,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,1903,127],{"class":126},[61,1905,113],{"class":75},[61,1907,648],{"class":109},[61,1909,113],{"class":75},[61,1911,1912],{"class":116},"my_value",[61,1914,480],{"class":75},[61,1916,1917,1919,1921,1923],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,1918,127],{"class":126},[61,1920,113],{"class":75},[61,1922,1912],{"class":116},[61,1924,120],{"class":75},[61,1926,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1938],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,1928,127],{"class":126},[61,1930,113],{"class":75},[61,1932,383],{"class":109},[61,1934,113],{"class":75},[61,1936,1937],{"class":116},"my_set",[61,1939,480],{"class":75},[61,1941,1942,1944,1946,1949,1951,1953],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,1943,127],{"class":126},[61,1945,113],{"class":75},[61,1947,1948],{"class":126},"len",[61,1950,113],{"class":75},[61,1952,1937],{"class":116},[61,1954,480],{"class":75},[14,1956,1957],{},"What they help you see:",[34,1959,1960,1966,1972,1978],{},[37,1961,1962,1965],{},[18,1963,1964],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[37,1967,1968,1971],{},[18,1969,1970],{},"print(my_value)"," shows the current value",[37,1973,1974,1977],{},[18,1975,1976],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[37,1979,1980,1983],{},[18,1981,1982],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[47,1985,1987],{"id":1986},"faq","FAQ",[819,1989,1991],{"id":1990},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,1993,1994],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[819,1996,1998],{"id":1997},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,2000,165,2001,2003,2004,2006],{},[18,2002,20],{},". Do not use ",[18,2005,700],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[819,2008,2010],{"id":2009},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,2012,2013],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[819,2015,2017],{"id":2016},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,2019,2020],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,2022,197],{},[52,2024,2026],{"className":54,"code":2025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,2027,2028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2029,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2043,2045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2031,127],{"class":126},[61,2033,113],{"class":75},[61,2035,354],{"class":109},[61,2037,113],{"class":75},[61,2039,215],{"class":214},[61,2041,2042],{"class":218},"apple",[61,2044,215],{"class":214},[61,2046,480],{"class":75},[14,2048,287],{},[52,2050,2052],{"className":54,"code":2051,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,2053,2054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2055,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2057,149],{"class":75},[61,2059,299],{"class":214},[61,2061,334],{"class":218},[61,2063,299],{"class":214},[61,2065,83],{"class":75},[61,2067,308],{"class":214},[61,2069,14],{"class":218},[61,2071,299],{"class":214},[61,2073,83],{"class":75},[61,2075,308],{"class":214},[61,2077,562],{"class":218},[61,2079,299],{"class":214},[61,2081,83],{"class":75},[61,2083,308],{"class":214},[61,2085,553],{"class":218},[61,2087,299],{"class":214},[61,2089,162],{"class":75},[819,2091,2093,2094,2097],{"id":2092},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work","Why does ",[18,2095,2096],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,2099,2100,2102,2103,2106],{},[18,2101,20],{}," takes ",[23,2104,2105],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,2108,2109],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[52,2111,2113],{"className":54,"code":2112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,2114,2115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2116,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137,2139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2118,127],{"class":126},[61,2120,113],{"class":75},[61,2122,354],{"class":109},[61,2124,416],{"class":75},[61,2126,80],{"class":79},[61,2128,83],{"class":75},[61,2130,86],{"class":79},[61,2132,83],{"class":75},[61,2134,95],{"class":79},[61,2136,83],{"class":75},[61,2138,1178],{"class":79},[61,2140,433],{"class":75},[47,2142,2144],{"id":2143},"see-also","See also",[34,2146,2147,2151,2155,2160,2164],{},[37,2148,2149],{},[334,2150,337],{"href":336},[37,2152,2153],{},[334,2154,813],{"href":812},[37,2156,2157],{},[334,2158,2159],{"href":922},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[37,2161,2162],{},[334,2163,604],{"href":603},[37,2165,2166],{},[334,2167,1822],{"href":1821},[2169,2170,2171],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":2173},[2174,2175,2176,2177,2178,2184,2185,2186,2194,2205,2206,2214],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":171,"depth":101,"text":172},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":607,"depth":101,"text":608},{"id":816,"depth":101,"text":817,"children":2179},[2180,2181,2182,2183],{"id":821,"depth":123,"text":822},{"id":926,"depth":123,"text":927},{"id":1016,"depth":123,"text":1017},{"id":1114,"depth":123,"text":1115},{"id":1183,"depth":101,"text":1184},{"id":1416,"depth":101,"text":1417},{"id":1535,"depth":101,"text":1536,"children":2187},[2188,2190,2192],{"id":1542,"depth":123,"text":2189},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":1598,"depth":123,"text":2191},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":1664,"depth":123,"text":2193},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":2195},[2196,2198,2200,2201,2203],{"id":1749,"depth":123,"text":2197},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":1788,"depth":123,"text":2199},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":1825,"depth":123,"text":1826},{"id":1863,"depth":123,"text":2202},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":1873,"depth":123,"text":2204},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1890,"depth":101,"text":1891},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":2207},[2208,2209,2210,2211,2212],{"id":1990,"depth":123,"text":1991},{"id":1997,"depth":123,"text":1998},{"id":2009,"depth":123,"text":2010},{"id":2016,"depth":123,"text":2017},{"id":2092,"depth":123,"text":2213},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2215},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",[2223,3800,5506,7202,9336,11530,13051,15224,17429,19886,21724,24290,26388,28670,30616,32526,34523,35960,37787,40311,42473,43702,45072,46720,49040,50883,52864,54558,55811,57505,59256,61221,62970,65069,66428,68379,69942,71933,73728,75628,78068,80146,82786,84815,86778,88966,90969,93282,94964,96409,97597,98770,100596,103036,104739,106577,108101,109346,110509,111891,113962,115859,117633,119499,121618,123358,124820,126414,128337,130014,131949,133438,136222,137799,139358,141386,143338,144801,145990,147876,149287,150983,152537,153959,155362,157260,159654,161485],{"id":2224,"title":2225,"body":2226,"description":3794,"extension":2216,"meta":3795,"navigation":271,"path":3796,"seo":3797,"stem":3798,"__hash__":3799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2227,"toc":3766},[2228,2231,2238,2241,2252,2255,2257,2321,2323,2343,2348,2352,2357,2360,2375,2377,2402,2405,2407,2409,2425,2428,2453,2455,2513,2515,2530,2539,2550,2554,2557,2610,2612,2632,2635,2659,2666,2670,2675,2681,2683,2718,2720,2729,2736,2753,2756,2768,2772,2777,2781,2784,2804,2806,2863,2865,2873,2876,2880,2912,2914,2922,2925,2929,2934,2982,2984,2992,2996,3056,3058,3066,3069,3071,3075,3078,3101,3110,3125,3175,3177,3192,3203,3207,3210,3237,3242,3246,3251,3292,3294,3305,3308,3351,3353,3361,3365,3370,3392,3394,3403,3412,3416,3421,3443,3445,3515,3517,3564,3567,3570,3573,3653,3655,3685,3687,3691,3694,3698,3701,3705,3708,3712,3724,3728,3731,3733,3763],[10,2229,2225],{"id":2230},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2232,2233,2234,2237],{},"The ",[18,2235,2236],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2239,2240],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[34,2242,2243,2246,2249],{},[37,2244,2245],{},"a number without its negative sign",[37,2247,2248],{},"the distance between two numbers",[37,2250,2251],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2253,2254],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[47,2256,50],{"id":49},[52,2258,2260],{"className":54,"code":2259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2261,2262,2281,2296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2263,2264,2266,2268,2271,2273,2276,2279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2265,127],{"class":126},[61,2267,113],{"class":75},[61,2269,2270],{"class":126},"abs",[61,2272,113],{"class":75},[61,2274,2275],{"class":71},"-",[61,2277,2278],{"class":79},"7",[61,2280,480],{"class":75},[61,2282,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2294],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2284,127],{"class":126},[61,2286,113],{"class":75},[61,2288,2270],{"class":126},[61,2290,113],{"class":75},[61,2292,2293],{"class":79},"3.5",[61,2295,480],{"class":75},[61,2297,2298,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308,2311,2314,2316,2319],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2299,127],{"class":126},[61,2301,113],{"class":75},[61,2303,2270],{"class":126},[61,2305,113],{"class":75},[61,2307,2275],{"class":71},[61,2309,2310],{"class":79},"2",[61,2312,2313],{"class":71},"+",[61,2315,1321],{"class":79},[61,2317,2318],{"class":675},"j",[61,2320,480],{"class":75},[14,2322,139],{},[52,2324,2326],{"className":54,"code":2325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2327,2328,2333,2338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2329,2330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2331,2332],{"class":79},"7\n",[61,2334,2335],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2336,2337],{"class":79},"3.5\n",[61,2339,2340],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2341,2342],{"class":79},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2344,165,2345,2347],{},[18,2346,2236],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[47,2349,2351],{"id":2350},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2353,2354,2356],{},[18,2355,2236],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2358,2359],{},"That means:",[34,2361,2362,2365,2368],{},[37,2363,2364],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[37,2366,2367],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[37,2369,2370,2372,2373],{},[18,2371,582],{}," stays ",[18,2374,582],{},[14,2376,400],{},[34,2378,2379,2387,2395],{},[37,2380,2381,2384,2385],{},[18,2382,2383],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2386,945],{},[37,2388,2389,2384,2392],{},[18,2390,2391],{},"abs(9)",[18,2393,2394],{},"9",[37,2396,2397,2384,2400],{},[18,2398,2399],{},"abs(0)",[18,2401,582],{},[14,2403,2404],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[47,2406,341],{"id":340},[14,2408,344],{},[52,2410,2412],{"className":54,"code":2411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(x)\n",[18,2413,2414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2415,2416,2418,2420,2423],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2417,2270],{"class":126},[61,2419,113],{"class":75},[61,2421,2422],{"class":116},"x",[61,2424,120],{"class":75},[14,2426,2427],{},"Here:",[34,2429,2430,2445,2450],{},[37,2431,2432,2434,2435,2437,2438,2440,2441,2444],{},[18,2433,2422],{}," is usually an ",[18,2436,1203],{},", ",[18,2439,1213],{},", or ",[18,2442,2443],{},"complex"," number",[37,2446,2447,2449],{},[18,2448,2236],{}," returns a new value",[37,2451,2452],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2454,197],{},[52,2456,2458],{"className":54,"code":2457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2459,2460,2473,2489,2493,2503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2461,2462,2465,2467,2470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2463,2464],{"class":67},"number ",[61,2466,72],{"class":71},[61,2468,2469],{"class":71}," -",[61,2471,2472],{"class":79},"12\n",[61,2474,2475,2477,2479,2482,2484,2487],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2476,869],{"class":67},[61,2478,72],{"class":71},[61,2480,2481],{"class":126}," abs",[61,2483,113],{"class":75},[61,2485,2486],{"class":116},"number",[61,2488,120],{"class":75},[61,2490,2491],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2492,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,2494,2495,2497,2499,2501],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,2496,127],{"class":126},[61,2498,113],{"class":75},[61,2500,2486],{"class":116},[61,2502,120],{"class":75},[61,2504,2505,2507,2509,2511],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,2506,127],{"class":126},[61,2508,113],{"class":75},[61,2510,892],{"class":116},[61,2512,120],{"class":75},[14,2514,139],{},[52,2516,2518],{"className":54,"code":2517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-12\n12\n",[18,2519,2520,2526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2521,2522,2524],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2523,2275],{"class":71},[61,2525,2472],{"class":79},[61,2527,2528],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2529,2472],{"class":79},[14,2531,325,2532,2534,2535,2538],{},[18,2533,2486],{}," is still ",[18,2536,2537],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2540,2541,2542,2549],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[334,2543,2545,2548],{"href":2544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2546,2547],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[47,2551,2553],{"id":2552},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2555,2556],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[52,2558,2560],{"className":54,"code":2559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2561,2562,2578,2593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2563,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2565,127],{"class":126},[61,2567,113],{"class":75},[61,2569,2270],{"class":126},[61,2571,113],{"class":75},[61,2573,2275],{"class":71},[61,2575,447],{"class":79},[61,2577,480],{"class":75},[61,2579,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2591],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2581,127],{"class":126},[61,2583,113],{"class":75},[61,2585,2270],{"class":126},[61,2587,113],{"class":75},[61,2589,2590],{"class":79},"8",[61,2592,480],{"class":75},[61,2594,2595,2597,2599,2601,2603,2605,2608],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2596,127],{"class":126},[61,2598,113],{"class":75},[61,2600,2270],{"class":126},[61,2602,113],{"class":75},[61,2604,2275],{"class":71},[61,2606,2607],{"class":79},"4.2",[61,2609,480],{"class":75},[14,2611,139],{},[52,2613,2615],{"className":54,"code":2614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2616,2617,2622,2627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2618,2619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2620,2621],{"class":79},"10\n",[61,2623,2624],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2625,2626],{"class":79},"8\n",[61,2628,2629],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2630,2631],{"class":79},"4.2\n",[14,2633,2634],{},"What each line does:",[34,2636,2637,2645,2652],{},[37,2638,2639,2642,2643],{},[18,2640,2641],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,2644,447],{},[37,2646,2647,2642,2650],{},[18,2648,2649],{},"abs(8)",[18,2651,2590],{},[37,2653,2654,2642,2657],{},[18,2655,2656],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2658,2607],{},[14,2660,2661,2662,26],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[334,2663,2665],{"href":2664},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[47,2667,2669],{"id":2668},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2671,2672,2674],{},[18,2673,2236],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2676,2677,2678,2680],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2679,582],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2682,197],{},[52,2684,2686],{"className":54,"code":2685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2687,2688,2704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2689,2690,2692,2694,2696,2699,2701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2691,1766],{"class":67},[61,2693,72],{"class":71},[61,2695,95],{"class":79},[61,2697,2698],{"class":71}," +",[61,2700,1178],{"class":79},[61,2702,2703],{"class":675},"j\n",[61,2705,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2707,127],{"class":126},[61,2709,113],{"class":75},[61,2711,2270],{"class":126},[61,2713,113],{"class":75},[61,2715,1783],{"class":116},[61,2717,480],{"class":75},[14,2719,139],{},[52,2721,2723],{"className":54,"code":2722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n",[18,2724,2725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2726,2727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2728,2722],{"class":79},[14,2730,2731,2732,2735],{},"Why ",[18,2733,2734],{},"5.0","?",[34,2737,2738,2743,2748],{},[37,2739,2740,2741],{},"the real part is ",[18,2742,1321],{},[37,2744,2745,2746],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2747,498],{},[37,2749,2750,2751],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2752,2734],{},[14,2754,2755],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[34,2757,2758,2765],{},[37,2759,2760,2762,2763],{},[18,2761,2236],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2764,1213],{},[37,2766,2767],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[47,2769,2771],{"id":2770},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2773,2774,2775,26],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2776,2236],{},[819,2778,2780],{"id":2779},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2782,2783],{},"A very common pattern is:",[52,2785,2787],{"className":54,"code":2786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2788,2789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2790,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799,2802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2792,2270],{"class":126},[61,2794,113],{"class":75},[61,2796,717],{"class":116},[61,2798,2275],{"class":71},[61,2800,2801],{"class":116}," b",[61,2803,120],{"class":75},[14,2805,197],{},[52,2807,2809],{"className":54,"code":2808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2810,2811,2820,2829,2833,2852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2812,2813,2815,2817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2814,717],{"class":67},[61,2816,72],{"class":71},[61,2818,2819],{"class":79}," 3\n",[61,2821,2822,2824,2826],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2823,728],{"class":67},[61,2825,72],{"class":71},[61,2827,2828],{"class":79}," 10\n",[61,2830,2831],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2832,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,2834,2835,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,2836,2837],{"class":67},"distance ",[61,2839,72],{"class":71},[61,2841,2481],{"class":126},[61,2843,113],{"class":75},[61,2845,717],{"class":116},[61,2847,2275],{"class":71},[61,2849,2801],{"class":116},[61,2851,120],{"class":75},[61,2853,2854,2856,2858,2861],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,2855,127],{"class":126},[61,2857,113],{"class":75},[61,2859,2860],{"class":116},"distance",[61,2862,120],{"class":75},[14,2864,139],{},[52,2866,2867],{"className":54,"code":2332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2868,2869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2870,2871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2872,2332],{"class":79},[14,2874,2875],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[819,2877,2879],{"id":2878},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[52,2881,2883],{"className":54,"code":2882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2884,2885,2897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2886,2887,2890,2892,2894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2888,2889],{"class":67},"temperature_change ",[61,2891,72],{"class":71},[61,2893,2469],{"class":71},[61,2895,2896],{"class":79},"6\n",[61,2898,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907,2910],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2900,127],{"class":126},[61,2902,113],{"class":75},[61,2904,2270],{"class":126},[61,2906,113],{"class":75},[61,2908,2909],{"class":116},"temperature_change",[61,2911,480],{"class":75},[14,2913,139],{},[52,2915,2916],{"className":54,"code":2896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2917,2918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2919,2920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2921,2896],{"class":79},[14,2923,2924],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[819,2926,2928],{"id":2927},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2930,2931,2932,2549],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2933,2236],{},[52,2935,2937],{"className":54,"code":2936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2938,2939,2951,2967,2971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2940,2941,2944,2946,2948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2942,2943],{"class":67},"balance_change ",[61,2945,72],{"class":71},[61,2947,2469],{"class":71},[61,2949,2950],{"class":79},"25\n",[61,2952,2953,2956,2958,2960,2962,2965],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,2954,2955],{"class":67},"safe_value ",[61,2957,72],{"class":71},[61,2959,2481],{"class":126},[61,2961,113],{"class":75},[61,2963,2964],{"class":116},"balance_change",[61,2966,120],{"class":75},[61,2968,2969],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,2970,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,2972,2973,2975,2977,2980],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,2974,127],{"class":126},[61,2976,113],{"class":75},[61,2978,2979],{"class":116},"safe_value",[61,2981,120],{"class":75},[14,2983,139],{},[52,2985,2986],{"className":54,"code":2950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,2987,2988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,2989,2990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,2991,2950],{"class":79},[819,2993,2995],{"id":2994},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[52,2997,2999],{"className":54,"code":2998,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,3000,3001,3011,3021,3025,3045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3002,3003,3006,3008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3004,3005],{"class":67},"guess ",[61,3007,72],{"class":71},[61,3009,3010],{"class":79}," 42\n",[61,3012,3013,3016,3018],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3014,3015],{"class":67},"target ",[61,3017,72],{"class":71},[61,3019,3020],{"class":79}," 50\n",[61,3022,3023],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3024,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,3026,3027,3030,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3043],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,3028,3029],{"class":67},"difference ",[61,3031,72],{"class":71},[61,3033,2481],{"class":126},[61,3035,113],{"class":75},[61,3037,3005],{"class":116},[61,3039,2275],{"class":71},[61,3041,3042],{"class":116}," target",[61,3044,120],{"class":75},[61,3046,3047,3049,3051,3054],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,3048,127],{"class":126},[61,3050,113],{"class":75},[61,3052,3053],{"class":116},"difference",[61,3055,120],{"class":75},[14,3057,139],{},[52,3059,3060],{"className":54,"code":2626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,3061,3062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3063,3064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3065,2626],{"class":79},[14,3067,3068],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[47,3070,1741],{"id":1740},[819,3072,3074],{"id":3073},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3076,3077],{},"This causes an error:",[52,3079,3081],{"className":54,"code":3080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3082,3083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3084,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3086,127],{"class":126},[61,3088,113],{"class":75},[61,3090,2270],{"class":126},[61,3092,113],{"class":75},[61,3094,215],{"class":214},[61,3096,945],{"class":218},[61,3098,215],{"class":214},[61,3100,480],{"class":75},[14,3102,3103,3106,3107,3109],{},[18,3104,3105],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3108,2236],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3111,3112,3113,1881,3119,378],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[334,3114,3116],{"href":3115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,3117,3118],{},"int()",[334,3120,3122],{"href":3121},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3123,3124],{},"float()",[52,3126,3128],{"className":54,"code":3127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3129,3130,3152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3131,3132,3134,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3133,127],{"class":126},[61,3135,113],{"class":75},[61,3137,2270],{"class":126},[61,3139,113],{"class":75},[61,3141,1203],{"class":109},[61,3143,113],{"class":75},[61,3145,215],{"class":214},[61,3147,945],{"class":218},[61,3149,215],{"class":214},[61,3151,460],{"class":75},[61,3153,3154,3156,3158,3160,3162,3164,3166,3168,3171,3173],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3155,127],{"class":126},[61,3157,113],{"class":75},[61,3159,2270],{"class":126},[61,3161,113],{"class":75},[61,3163,1213],{"class":109},[61,3165,113],{"class":75},[61,3167,215],{"class":214},[61,3169,3170],{"class":218},"-3.2",[61,3172,215],{"class":214},[61,3174,460],{"class":75},[14,3176,139],{},[52,3178,3180],{"className":54,"code":3179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3181,3182,3187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3183,3184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3185,3186],{"class":79},"5\n",[61,3188,3189],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3190,3191],{"class":79},"3.2\n",[14,3193,3194,3195,3198,3199,26],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3196,3197],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[334,3200,3202],{"href":3201},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[819,3204,3206],{"id":3205},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3208,3209],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[52,3211,3213],{"className":54,"code":3212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3214,3215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3216,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3218,127],{"class":126},[61,3220,113],{"class":75},[61,3222,2270],{"class":126},[61,3224,416],{"class":75},[61,3226,80],{"class":79},[61,3228,83],{"class":75},[61,3230,86],{"class":79},[61,3232,83],{"class":75},[61,3234,95],{"class":79},[61,3236,433],{"class":75},[14,3238,1815,3239,3241],{},[18,3240,1334],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[819,3243,3245],{"id":3244},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3247,3248,3250],{},[18,3249,2236],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[52,3252,3254],{"className":54,"code":3253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3255,3256,3268,3278,3282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3257,3258,3261,3263,3265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3259,3260],{"class":67},"x ",[61,3262,72],{"class":71},[61,3264,2469],{"class":71},[61,3266,3267],{"class":79},"9\n",[61,3269,3270,3272,3274,3276],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3271,2270],{"class":126},[61,3273,113],{"class":75},[61,3275,2422],{"class":116},[61,3277,120],{"class":75},[61,3279,3280],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3281,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,3283,3284,3286,3288,3290],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,3285,127],{"class":126},[61,3287,113],{"class":75},[61,3289,2422],{"class":116},[61,3291,120],{"class":75},[14,3293,139],{},[52,3295,3297],{"className":54,"code":3296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-9\n",[18,3298,3299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3300,3301,3303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3302,2275],{"class":71},[61,3304,3267],{"class":79},[14,3306,3307],{},"If you want to store the result:",[52,3309,3311],{"className":54,"code":3310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3312,3313,3323,3337,3341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3314,3315,3317,3319,3321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3316,3260],{"class":67},[61,3318,72],{"class":71},[61,3320,2469],{"class":71},[61,3322,3267],{"class":79},[61,3324,3325,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3326,3260],{"class":67},[61,3328,72],{"class":71},[61,3330,2481],{"class":126},[61,3332,113],{"class":75},[61,3334,2422],{"class":116},[61,3336,120],{"class":75},[61,3338,3339],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3340,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,3342,3343,3345,3347,3349],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,3344,127],{"class":126},[61,3346,113],{"class":75},[61,3348,2422],{"class":116},[61,3350,120],{"class":75},[14,3352,139],{},[52,3354,3355],{"className":54,"code":3267,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,3356,3357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3358,3359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3360,3267],{"class":79},[819,3362,3364],{"id":3363},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3366,3367,3369],{},[18,3368,2236],{}," does not round numbers.",[52,3371,3373],{"className":54,"code":3372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3374,3375],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3376,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3378,127],{"class":126},[61,3380,113],{"class":75},[61,3382,2270],{"class":126},[61,3384,113],{"class":75},[61,3386,2275],{"class":71},[61,3388,3389],{"class":79},"4.7",[61,3391,480],{"class":75},[14,3393,139],{},[52,3395,3397],{"className":54,"code":3396,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.7\n",[18,3398,3399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3400,3401],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3402,3396],{"class":79},[14,3404,3405,3406,3408,3409,3411],{},"If you expected ",[18,3407,945],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3410,2236],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[47,3413,3415],{"id":3414},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3417,3418,3420],{},[18,3419,2236],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[34,3422,3423,3430,3437],{},[37,3424,3425,3427,3428],{},[18,3426,1203],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3429,1203],{},[37,3431,3432,3434,3435],{},[18,3433,1213],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3436,1213],{},[37,3438,3439,3434,3441],{},[18,3440,2443],{},[18,3442,1213],{},[14,3444,197],{},[52,3446,3448],{"className":54,"code":3447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3449,3450,3470,3491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3451,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3453,127],{"class":126},[61,3455,113],{"class":75},[61,3457,648],{"class":109},[61,3459,113],{"class":75},[61,3461,2270],{"class":126},[61,3463,113],{"class":75},[61,3465,2275],{"class":71},[61,3467,945],{"class":79},[61,3469,460],{"class":75},[61,3471,3472,3474,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3489],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3473,127],{"class":126},[61,3475,113],{"class":75},[61,3477,648],{"class":109},[61,3479,113],{"class":75},[61,3481,2270],{"class":126},[61,3483,113],{"class":75},[61,3485,2275],{"class":71},[61,3487,3488],{"class":79},"3.2",[61,3490,460],{"class":75},[61,3492,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3494,127],{"class":126},[61,3496,113],{"class":75},[61,3498,648],{"class":109},[61,3500,113],{"class":75},[61,3502,2270],{"class":126},[61,3504,113],{"class":75},[61,3506,1321],{"class":79},[61,3508,2698],{"class":71},[61,3510,1178],{"class":79},[61,3512,2318],{"class":675},[61,3514,460],{"class":75},[14,3516,139],{},[52,3518,3520],{"className":54,"code":3519,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3521,3522,3536,3550],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3523,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3525,672],{"class":71},[61,3527,676],{"class":675},[61,3529,308],{"class":214},[61,3531,1203],{"class":218},[61,3533,299],{"class":214},[61,3535,685],{"class":71},[61,3537,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3539,672],{"class":71},[61,3541,676],{"class":675},[61,3543,308],{"class":214},[61,3545,1213],{"class":218},[61,3547,299],{"class":214},[61,3549,685],{"class":71},[61,3551,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560,3562],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3553,672],{"class":71},[61,3555,676],{"class":675},[61,3557,308],{"class":214},[61,3559,1213],{"class":218},[61,3561,299],{"class":214},[61,3563,685],{"class":71},[14,3565,3566],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3568,3569],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3571,3572],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[52,3574,3576],{"className":54,"code":3575,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3577,3578,3591,3601,3615,3619,3633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3579,3580,3582,3584,3586,3589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3581,1766],{"class":67},[61,3583,72],{"class":71},[61,3585,226],{"class":214},[61,3587,3588],{"class":218},"-5",[61,3590,1043],{"class":214},[61,3592,3593,3595,3597,3599],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3594,127],{"class":126},[61,3596,113],{"class":75},[61,3598,1783],{"class":116},[61,3600,120],{"class":75},[61,3602,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611,3613],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3604,127],{"class":126},[61,3606,113],{"class":75},[61,3608,648],{"class":109},[61,3610,113],{"class":75},[61,3612,1783],{"class":116},[61,3614,480],{"class":75},[61,3616,3617],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,3618,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,3620,3621,3624,3626,3628,3631],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,3622,3623],{"class":67},"user_input ",[61,3625,72],{"class":71},[61,3627,226],{"class":214},[61,3629,3630],{"class":218},"-3.7",[61,3632,1043],{"class":214},[61,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3651],{"class":63,"line":3635},6,[61,3637,127],{"class":126},[61,3639,113],{"class":75},[61,3641,2270],{"class":126},[61,3643,113],{"class":75},[61,3645,1213],{"class":109},[61,3647,113],{"class":75},[61,3649,3650],{"class":116},"user_input",[61,3652,460],{"class":75},[14,3654,139],{},[52,3656,3658],{"className":54,"code":3657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3659,3660,3666,3680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3661,3662,3664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3663,2275],{"class":71},[61,3665,3186],{"class":79},[61,3667,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3669,672],{"class":71},[61,3671,676],{"class":675},[61,3673,308],{"class":214},[61,3675,1208],{"class":218},[61,3677,299],{"class":214},[61,3679,685],{"class":71},[61,3681,3682],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3683,3684],{"class":79},"3.7\n",[47,3686,1987],{"id":1986},[819,3688,3690],{"id":3689},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3692,3693],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[819,3695,3697],{"id":3696},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3699,3700],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[819,3702,3704],{"id":3703},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3706,3707],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[819,3709,3711],{"id":3710},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3713,3714,3716,3717,1881,3719,3721,3722,26],{},[18,3715,3197],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3718,3118],{},[18,3720,3124],{}," before using ",[18,3723,2236],{},[819,3725,3727],{"id":3726},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3729,3730],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[47,3732,2144],{"id":2143},[34,3734,3735,3742,3748,3754,3759],{},[37,3736,3737],{},[334,3738,3739,3741],{"href":3115},[18,3740,3118],{}," function explained",[37,3743,3744],{},[334,3745,3746,3741],{"href":3121},[18,3747,3124],{},[37,3749,3750],{},[334,3751,3752,3741],{"href":2544},[18,3753,2547],{},[37,3755,3756],{},[334,3757,3758],{"href":3201},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[37,3760,3761],{},[334,3762,2665],{"href":2664},[2169,3764,3765],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":3767},[3768,3769,3770,3771,3772,3773,3779,3785,3786,3793],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":2350,"depth":101,"text":2351},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":2552,"depth":101,"text":2553},{"id":2668,"depth":101,"text":2669},{"id":2770,"depth":101,"text":2771,"children":3774},[3775,3776,3777,3778],{"id":2779,"depth":123,"text":2780},{"id":2878,"depth":123,"text":2879},{"id":2927,"depth":123,"text":2928},{"id":2994,"depth":123,"text":2995},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":3780},[3781,3782,3783,3784],{"id":3073,"depth":123,"text":3074},{"id":3205,"depth":123,"text":3206},{"id":3244,"depth":123,"text":3245},{"id":3363,"depth":123,"text":3364},{"id":3414,"depth":101,"text":3415},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":3787},[3788,3789,3790,3791,3792],{"id":3689,"depth":123,"text":3690},{"id":3696,"depth":123,"text":3697},{"id":3703,"depth":123,"text":3704},{"id":3710,"depth":123,"text":3711},{"id":3726,"depth":123,"text":3727},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2225,"description":3794},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3801,"title":3802,"body":3803,"description":5500,"extension":2216,"meta":5501,"navigation":271,"path":5502,"seo":5503,"stem":5504,"__hash__":5505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3804,"toc":5464},[3805,3813,3819,3822,3839,3843,3898,3908,3915,3919,3938,3941,3957,3960,3964,3972,3989,3992,4030,4033,4040,4046,4118,4120,4152,4158,4162,4166,4205,4207,4215,4222,4226,4265,4267,4275,4285,4289,4343,4345,4353,4356,4359,4406,4408,4416,4422,4429,4434,4437,4440,4507,4509,4517,4520,4587,4589,4597,4611,4614,4626,4630,4636,4639,4641,4657,4659,4667,4670,4673,4676,4693,4696,4699,4729,4731,4744,4748,4752,4755,4770,4775,4778,4805,4812,4815,4854,4860,4866,4874,4877,4929,4936,5000,5005,5014,5017,5035,5041,5044,5186,5192,5197,5200,5211,5214,5270,5272,5280,5283,5342,5344,5352,5355,5366,5368,5375,5384,5392,5395,5402,5405,5414,5427,5429,5461],[10,3806,3808,3809,3812],{"id":3807},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3810,3811],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3814,3815,3816,3818],{},"Python’s ",[18,3817,3811],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3820,3821],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[34,3823,3824,3827,3830],{},[37,3825,3826],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[37,3828,3829],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[37,3831,3832,2642,3835,3838],{},[18,3833,3834],{},"all([])",[18,3836,3837],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[47,3840,3842],{"id":3841},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[52,3844,3846],{"className":54,"code":3845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3847,3848,3868,3883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3849,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3851,68],{"class":67},[61,3853,72],{"class":71},[61,3855,76],{"class":75},[61,3857,80],{"class":79},[61,3859,83],{"class":75},[61,3861,86],{"class":79},[61,3863,83],{"class":75},[61,3865,95],{"class":79},[61,3867,98],{"class":75},[61,3869,3870,3872,3874,3877,3879,3881],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,3871,869],{"class":67},[61,3873,72],{"class":71},[61,3875,3876],{"class":126}," all",[61,3878,113],{"class":75},[61,3880,117],{"class":116},[61,3882,120],{"class":75},[61,3884,3885,3887,3889,3891,3894],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,3886,127],{"class":126},[61,3888,113],{"class":75},[61,3890,892],{"class":116},[61,3892,3893],{"class":75},")",[61,3895,3897],{"class":3896},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3899,3900,2642,3902,3904,3905,26],{},[18,3901,3811],{},[18,3903,3837],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3906,3907],{},"False",[47,3909,3911,3912,3914],{"id":3910},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3913,3811],{}," does",[14,3916,3917,378],{},[18,3918,3811],{},[34,3920,3921,3924,3930,3935],{},[37,3922,3923],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[37,3925,3926,3927,3929],{},"returns ",[18,3928,3837],{}," if all items are truthy",[37,3931,3926,3932,3934],{},[18,3933,3907],{}," if any item is falsy",[37,3936,3937],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3939,3940],{},"Basic syntax:",[52,3942,3944],{"className":54,"code":3943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3945,3946],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,3947,3948,3951,3953,3955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,3949,3950],{"class":126},"all",[61,3952,113],{"class":75},[61,3954,359],{"class":116},[61,3956,120],{"class":75},[14,3958,3959],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[47,3961,3963],{"id":3962},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3965,3966,3967,1881,3969,3971],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3968,3837],{},[18,3970,3907],{}," in conditions.",[34,3973,3974,3982],{},[37,3975,3976,3979,3980],{},[23,3977,3978],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3981,3837],{},[37,3983,3984,3979,3987],{},[23,3985,3986],{},"Falsy",[18,3988,3907],{},[14,3990,3991],{},"Common falsy values include:",[34,3993,3994,3998,4003,4008,4013,4017,4022,4026],{},[37,3995,3996],{},[18,3997,582],{},[37,3999,4000],{},[18,4001,4002],{},"0.0",[37,4004,4005],{},[18,4006,4007],{},"''",[37,4009,4010],{},[18,4011,4012],{},"None",[37,4014,4015],{},[18,4016,3907],{},[37,4018,4019],{},[18,4020,4021],{},"[]",[37,4023,4024],{},[18,4025,700],{},[37,4027,4028],{},[18,4029,20],{},[14,4031,4032],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4034,4035,4036,26],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[334,4037,4039],{"href":4038},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4041,4042,4043,378],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4044,4045],{},"bool()",[52,4047,4049],{"className":54,"code":4048,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4050,4051,4086,4090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4052,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4066,4068,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4054,937],{"class":67},[61,4056,72],{"class":71},[61,4058,76],{"class":75},[61,4060,80],{"class":79},[61,4062,83],{"class":75},[61,4064,4065],{"class":79}," 0",[61,4067,83],{"class":75},[61,4069,4070],{"class":214}," ''",[61,4072,83],{"class":75},[61,4074,308],{"class":214},[61,4076,475],{"class":218},[61,4078,299],{"class":214},[61,4080,83],{"class":75},[61,4082,4083],{"class":1523}," None",[61,4085,98],{"class":75},[61,4087,4088],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4089,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,4091,4092,4094,4096,4099,4101,4103,4105,4108,4111,4113,4116],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,4093,127],{"class":126},[61,4095,416],{"class":75},[61,4097,4098],{"class":109},"bool",[61,4100,113],{"class":75},[61,4102,2422],{"class":116},[61,4104,3893],{"class":75},[61,4106,4107],{"class":1490}," for",[61,4109,4110],{"class":116}," x ",[61,4112,1433],{"class":1490},[61,4114,4115],{"class":116}," values",[61,4117,1474],{"class":75},[14,4119,139],{},[52,4121,4123],{"className":54,"code":4122,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4124,4125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4126,4127,4130,4132,4134,4137,4139,4141,4143,4146,4148,4150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4128,4129],{"class":75},"[",[61,4131,3837],{"class":1523},[61,4133,83],{"class":75},[61,4135,4136],{"class":1523}," False",[61,4138,83],{"class":75},[61,4140,4136],{"class":1523},[61,4142,83],{"class":75},[61,4144,4145],{"class":1523}," True",[61,4147,83],{"class":75},[61,4149,4136],{"class":1523},[61,4151,98],{"class":75},[14,4153,4154,4155,4157],{},"This matters because ",[18,4156,3811],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[47,4159,4161],{"id":4160},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[819,4163,4165],{"id":4164},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[52,4167,4169],{"className":54,"code":4168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4170,4171,4191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4172,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4174,68],{"class":67},[61,4176,72],{"class":71},[61,4178,76],{"class":75},[61,4180,80],{"class":79},[61,4182,83],{"class":75},[61,4184,86],{"class":79},[61,4186,83],{"class":75},[61,4188,95],{"class":79},[61,4190,98],{"class":75},[61,4192,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4194,127],{"class":126},[61,4196,113],{"class":75},[61,4198,3950],{"class":126},[61,4200,113],{"class":75},[61,4202,117],{"class":116},[61,4204,480],{"class":75},[14,4206,139],{},[52,4208,4209],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4210,4211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4212,4213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4214,1524],{"class":1523},[14,4216,4217,4218,2642,4220,26],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4219,3811],{},[18,4221,3837],{},[819,4223,4225],{"id":4224},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[52,4227,4229],{"className":54,"code":4228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4230,4231,4251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4232,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4234,68],{"class":67},[61,4236,72],{"class":71},[61,4238,76],{"class":75},[61,4240,80],{"class":79},[61,4242,83],{"class":75},[61,4244,4065],{"class":79},[61,4246,83],{"class":75},[61,4248,95],{"class":79},[61,4250,98],{"class":75},[61,4252,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4254,127],{"class":126},[61,4256,113],{"class":75},[61,4258,3950],{"class":126},[61,4260,113],{"class":75},[61,4262,117],{"class":116},[61,4264,480],{"class":75},[14,4266,139],{},[52,4268,4269],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4270,4271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4272,4273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4274,1529],{"class":1523},[14,4276,4277,4278,4280,4281,2642,4283,26],{},"The value ",[18,4279,582],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4282,3811],{},[18,4284,3907],{},[819,4286,4288],{"id":4287},"example-strings","Example: strings",[52,4290,4292],{"className":54,"code":4291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4293,4294,4328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4295,4296,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4324,4326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4297,4298],{"class":67},"words ",[61,4300,72],{"class":71},[61,4302,76],{"class":75},[61,4304,299],{"class":214},[61,4306,2042],{"class":218},[61,4308,299],{"class":214},[61,4310,83],{"class":75},[61,4312,308],{"class":214},[61,4314,1040],{"class":218},[61,4316,299],{"class":214},[61,4318,83],{"class":75},[61,4320,308],{"class":214},[61,4322,4323],{"class":218},"cherry",[61,4325,299],{"class":214},[61,4327,98],{"class":75},[61,4329,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4341],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4331,127],{"class":126},[61,4333,113],{"class":75},[61,4335,3950],{"class":126},[61,4337,113],{"class":75},[61,4339,4340],{"class":116},"words",[61,4342,480],{"class":75},[14,4344,139],{},[52,4346,4347],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4348,4349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4350,4351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4352,1524],{"class":1523},[14,4354,4355],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4357,4358],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[52,4360,4362],{"className":54,"code":4361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4363,4364,4392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4367,4298],{"class":67},[61,4369,72],{"class":71},[61,4371,76],{"class":75},[61,4373,299],{"class":214},[61,4375,2042],{"class":218},[61,4377,299],{"class":214},[61,4379,83],{"class":75},[61,4381,4070],{"class":214},[61,4383,83],{"class":75},[61,4385,308],{"class":214},[61,4387,4323],{"class":218},[61,4389,299],{"class":214},[61,4391,98],{"class":75},[61,4393,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4395,127],{"class":126},[61,4397,113],{"class":75},[61,4399,3950],{"class":126},[61,4401,113],{"class":75},[61,4403,4340],{"class":116},[61,4405,480],{"class":75},[14,4407,139],{},[52,4409,4410],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4411,4412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4413,4414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4415,1529],{"class":1523},[14,4417,4418,4419,4421],{},"The empty string ",[18,4420,4007],{}," is falsy.",[47,4423,4425,4426,4428],{"id":4424},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4427,3811],{}," works with conditions",[14,4430,4431,4433],{},[18,4432,3811],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4435,4436],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4438,4439],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[52,4441,4443],{"className":54,"code":4442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4444,4445,4465,4493,4497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4446,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4448,68],{"class":67},[61,4450,72],{"class":71},[61,4452,76],{"class":75},[61,4454,80],{"class":79},[61,4456,83],{"class":75},[61,4458,86],{"class":79},[61,4460,83],{"class":75},[61,4462,95],{"class":79},[61,4464,98],{"class":75},[61,4466,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488,4491],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4468,869],{"class":67},[61,4470,72],{"class":71},[61,4472,3876],{"class":126},[61,4474,113],{"class":75},[61,4476,3260],{"class":116},[61,4478,4479],{"class":71},">",[61,4481,4065],{"class":79},[61,4483,4107],{"class":1490},[61,4485,4110],{"class":116},[61,4487,1433],{"class":1490},[61,4489,4490],{"class":116}," numbers",[61,4492,120],{"class":75},[61,4494,4495],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,4496,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,4500,127],{"class":126},[61,4502,113],{"class":75},[61,4504,892],{"class":116},[61,4506,120],{"class":75},[14,4508,139],{},[52,4510,4511],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4512,4513],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4514,4515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4516,1524],{"class":1523},[14,4518,4519],{},"Here is one that fails:",[52,4521,4523],{"className":54,"code":4522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4524,4525,4547,4573,4577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4526,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4528,68],{"class":67},[61,4530,72],{"class":71},[61,4532,76],{"class":75},[61,4534,80],{"class":79},[61,4536,83],{"class":75},[61,4538,2469],{"class":71},[61,4540,2310],{"class":79},[61,4542,83],{"class":75},[61,4544,95],{"class":79},[61,4546,98],{"class":75},[61,4548,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4550,869],{"class":67},[61,4552,72],{"class":71},[61,4554,3876],{"class":126},[61,4556,113],{"class":75},[61,4558,3260],{"class":116},[61,4560,4479],{"class":71},[61,4562,4065],{"class":79},[61,4564,4107],{"class":1490},[61,4566,4110],{"class":116},[61,4568,1433],{"class":1490},[61,4570,4490],{"class":116},[61,4572,120],{"class":75},[61,4574,4575],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,4576,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,4578,4579,4581,4583,4585],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,4580,127],{"class":126},[61,4582,113],{"class":75},[61,4584,892],{"class":116},[61,4586,120],{"class":75},[14,4588,139],{},[52,4590,4591],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4592,4593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4594,4595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4596,1529],{"class":1523},[14,4598,4599,4600,4603,4604,4606,4607,2642,4609,26],{},"The expression ",[18,4601,4602],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4605,3837],{},", then ",[18,4608,3811],{},[18,4610,3837],{},[14,4612,4613],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4615,4616,4617,4621,4622,26],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[334,4618,4620],{"href":4619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[334,4623,4625],{"href":4624},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[47,4627,4629],{"id":4628},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4631,4632,2642,4634,26],{},[18,4633,3834],{},[18,4635,3837],{},[14,4637,4638],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4640,197],{},[52,4642,4644],{"className":54,"code":4643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4645,4646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4647,4648,4650,4652,4654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4649,127],{"class":126},[61,4651,113],{"class":75},[61,4653,3950],{"class":126},[61,4655,4656],{"class":75},"([]))\n",[14,4658,139],{},[52,4660,4661],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4662,4663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4664,4665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4666,1524],{"class":1523},[14,4668,4669],{},"Why?",[14,4671,4672],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4674,4675],{},"Think of it this way:",[34,4677,4678,4685,4688],{},[37,4679,4680,2642,4682,4684],{},[18,4681,3811],{},[18,4683,3907],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[37,4686,4687],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[37,4689,4690,4691],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4692,3907],{},[14,4694,4695],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4697,4698],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[52,4700,4702],{"className":54,"code":4701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4703,4704,4715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4705,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4707,127],{"class":126},[61,4709,113],{"class":75},[61,4711,3950],{"class":126},[61,4713,4714],{"class":75},"(()))\n",[61,4716,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4718,127],{"class":126},[61,4720,113],{"class":75},[61,4722,3950],{"class":126},[61,4724,113],{"class":75},[61,4726,4007],{"class":214},[61,4728,480],{"class":75},[14,4730,139],{},[52,4732,4734],{"className":54,"code":4733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4735,4736,4740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4737,4738],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4739,1524],{"class":1523},[61,4741,4742],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4743,1524],{"class":1523},[47,4745,4747],{"id":4746},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[819,4749,4751],{"id":4750},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4753,4754],{},"This is wrong:",[52,4756,4758],{"className":54,"code":4757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4759,4760,4765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4761,4762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4763,4764],{"class":3896},"# Wrong\n",[61,4766,4767],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4768,4769],{"class":3896},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4771,4772,4774],{},[18,4773,3811],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4776,4777],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[52,4779,4781],{"className":54,"code":4780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4782,4783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4784,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4786,127],{"class":126},[61,4788,113],{"class":75},[61,4790,3950],{"class":126},[61,4792,416],{"class":75},[61,4794,80],{"class":79},[61,4796,83],{"class":75},[61,4798,86],{"class":79},[61,4800,83],{"class":75},[61,4802,95],{"class":79},[61,4804,433],{"class":75},[819,4806,4808,4809,4811],{"id":4807},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4810,3811],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4813,4814],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[52,4816,4818],{"className":54,"code":4817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4819,4820,4840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4823,68],{"class":67},[61,4825,72],{"class":71},[61,4827,76],{"class":75},[61,4829,945],{"class":79},[61,4831,83],{"class":75},[61,4833,950],{"class":79},[61,4835,83],{"class":75},[61,4837,950],{"class":79},[61,4839,98],{"class":75},[61,4841,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4843,127],{"class":126},[61,4845,113],{"class":75},[61,4847,3950],{"class":126},[61,4849,113],{"class":75},[61,4851,117],{"class":116},[61,4853,480],{"class":75},[14,4855,4856,4857,4859],{},"This does ",[23,4858,704],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4861,4862,4863,4865],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4864,945],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[52,4867,4868],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,4869,4870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4871,4872],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4873,1524],{"class":1523},[14,4875,4876],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[52,4878,4880],{"className":54,"code":4879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4881,4882,4902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4883,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4885,68],{"class":67},[61,4887,72],{"class":71},[61,4889,76],{"class":75},[61,4891,945],{"class":79},[61,4893,83],{"class":75},[61,4895,950],{"class":79},[61,4897,83],{"class":75},[61,4899,950],{"class":79},[61,4901,98],{"class":75},[61,4903,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4905,127],{"class":126},[61,4907,113],{"class":75},[61,4909,3950],{"class":126},[61,4911,113],{"class":75},[61,4913,3260],{"class":116},[61,4915,4916],{"class":71},"==",[61,4918,950],{"class":79},[61,4920,4107],{"class":1490},[61,4922,4110],{"class":116},[61,4924,1433],{"class":1490},[61,4926,4490],{"class":116},[61,4928,480],{"class":75},[819,4930,4932,4933,4935],{"id":4931},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4934,582],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[52,4937,4939],{"className":54,"code":4938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4940,4941,4967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,4942,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,4944,127],{"class":126},[61,4946,113],{"class":75},[61,4948,3950],{"class":126},[61,4950,416],{"class":75},[61,4952,80],{"class":79},[61,4954,83],{"class":75},[61,4956,86],{"class":79},[61,4958,83],{"class":75},[61,4960,4065],{"class":79},[61,4962,4963],{"class":75},"]))",[61,4965,4966],{"class":3896},"       # False\n",[61,4968,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,4970,127],{"class":126},[61,4972,113],{"class":75},[61,4974,3950],{"class":126},[61,4976,416],{"class":75},[61,4978,299],{"class":214},[61,4980,334],{"class":218},[61,4982,299],{"class":214},[61,4984,83],{"class":75},[61,4986,308],{"class":214},[61,4988,765],{"class":218},[61,4990,299],{"class":214},[61,4992,83],{"class":75},[61,4994,4070],{"class":214},[61,4996,4963],{"class":75},[61,4998,4999],{"class":3896},"  # False\n",[14,5001,5002,5003,26],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,5004,3907],{},[819,5006,5008,5009,5011,5012],{"id":5007},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,5010,3834],{}," is ",[18,5013,3837],{},[14,5015,5016],{},"This is expected behavior:",[52,5018,5020],{"className":54,"code":5019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,5021,5022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5023,5024,5026,5028,5030,5033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5025,127],{"class":126},[61,5027,113],{"class":75},[61,5029,3950],{"class":126},[61,5031,5032],{"class":75},"([]))",[61,5034,3897],{"class":3896},[14,5036,5037,5038,5040],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5039,3837],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5042,5043],{},"Useful quick tests:",[52,5045,5047],{"className":54,"code":5046,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5048,5049,5071,5093,5140,5176],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5050,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5052,127],{"class":126},[61,5054,113],{"class":75},[61,5056,3950],{"class":126},[61,5058,416],{"class":75},[61,5060,80],{"class":79},[61,5062,83],{"class":75},[61,5064,86],{"class":79},[61,5066,83],{"class":75},[61,5068,95],{"class":79},[61,5070,433],{"class":75},[61,5072,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5074,127],{"class":126},[61,5076,113],{"class":75},[61,5078,3950],{"class":126},[61,5080,416],{"class":75},[61,5082,80],{"class":79},[61,5084,83],{"class":75},[61,5086,4065],{"class":79},[61,5088,83],{"class":75},[61,5090,95],{"class":79},[61,5092,433],{"class":75},[61,5094,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133,5135,5137],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,5096,127],{"class":126},[61,5098,416],{"class":75},[61,5100,4098],{"class":109},[61,5102,113],{"class":75},[61,5104,2422],{"class":116},[61,5106,3893],{"class":75},[61,5108,4107],{"class":1490},[61,5110,4110],{"class":116},[61,5112,1433],{"class":1490},[61,5114,76],{"class":75},[61,5116,80],{"class":79},[61,5118,83],{"class":75},[61,5120,4065],{"class":79},[61,5122,83],{"class":75},[61,5124,4070],{"class":214},[61,5126,83],{"class":75},[61,5128,308],{"class":214},[61,5130,475],{"class":218},[61,5132,299],{"class":214},[61,5134,83],{"class":75},[61,5136,4083],{"class":1523},[61,5138,5139],{"class":75},"]])\n",[61,5141,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,5143,127],{"class":126},[61,5145,113],{"class":75},[61,5147,3950],{"class":126},[61,5149,113],{"class":75},[61,5151,3260],{"class":116},[61,5153,4479],{"class":71},[61,5155,4065],{"class":79},[61,5157,4107],{"class":1490},[61,5159,4110],{"class":116},[61,5161,1433],{"class":1490},[61,5163,76],{"class":75},[61,5165,80],{"class":79},[61,5167,83],{"class":75},[61,5169,86],{"class":79},[61,5171,83],{"class":75},[61,5173,95],{"class":79},[61,5175,433],{"class":75},[61,5177,5178,5180,5182,5184],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,5179,127],{"class":126},[61,5181,113],{"class":75},[61,5183,3950],{"class":126},[61,5185,4656],{"class":75},[47,5187,5189,5190],{"id":5188},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5191,3811],{},[14,5193,5194,5196],{},[18,5195,3811],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5198,5199],{},"Common use cases:",[34,5201,5202,5205,5208],{},[37,5203,5204],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[37,5206,5207],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[37,5209,5210],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5212,5213],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[52,5215,5217],{"className":54,"code":5216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5218,5219,5255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5220,5221,5224,5226,5228,5230,5233,5235,5237,5239,5242,5244,5246,5248,5251,5253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5222,5223],{"class":67},"names ",[61,5225,72],{"class":71},[61,5227,76],{"class":75},[61,5229,299],{"class":214},[61,5231,5232],{"class":218},"Alice",[61,5234,299],{"class":214},[61,5236,83],{"class":75},[61,5238,308],{"class":214},[61,5240,5241],{"class":218},"Bob",[61,5243,299],{"class":214},[61,5245,83],{"class":75},[61,5247,308],{"class":214},[61,5249,5250],{"class":218},"Charlie",[61,5252,299],{"class":214},[61,5254,98],{"class":75},[61,5256,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5268],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5258,127],{"class":126},[61,5260,113],{"class":75},[61,5262,3950],{"class":126},[61,5264,113],{"class":75},[61,5266,5267],{"class":116},"names",[61,5269,480],{"class":75},[14,5271,139],{},[52,5273,5274],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5275,5276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5277,5278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5279,1524],{"class":1523},[14,5281,5282],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[52,5284,5286],{"className":54,"code":5285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5287,5288,5312],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5289,5290,5293,5295,5297,5300,5302,5305,5307,5310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5291,5292],{"class":67},"scores ",[61,5294,72],{"class":71},[61,5296,76],{"class":75},[61,5298,5299],{"class":79},"75",[61,5301,83],{"class":75},[61,5303,5304],{"class":79}," 80",[61,5306,83],{"class":75},[61,5308,5309],{"class":79}," 50",[61,5311,98],{"class":75},[61,5313,5314,5316,5318,5320,5322,5325,5328,5330,5332,5335,5337,5340],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5315,127],{"class":126},[61,5317,113],{"class":75},[61,5319,3950],{"class":126},[61,5321,113],{"class":75},[61,5323,5324],{"class":116},"score ",[61,5326,5327],{"class":71},">=",[61,5329,5309],{"class":79},[61,5331,4107],{"class":1490},[61,5333,5334],{"class":116}," score ",[61,5336,1433],{"class":1490},[61,5338,5339],{"class":116}," scores",[61,5341,480],{"class":75},[14,5343,139],{},[52,5345,5346],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5347,5348],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5349,5350],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5351,1524],{"class":1523},[14,5353,5354],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5356,5357,5358,4621,5362,26],{},"For related tasks, see ",[334,5359,5361],{"href":5360},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[334,5363,5365],{"href":5364},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[47,5367,1987],{"id":1986},[819,5369,5371,5372,5374],{"id":5370},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5373,3811],{}," return in Python?",[14,5376,5377,5378,5380,5381,5383],{},"It returns ",[18,5379,3837],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5382,3907],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[819,5385,2093,5387,5389,5390,2735],{"id":5386},"why-does-all-return-true",[18,5388,3834],{}," return ",[18,5391,3837],{},[14,5393,5394],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[819,5396,5398,5399,5401],{"id":5397},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5400,3811],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5403,5404],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[819,5406,5408,5409,4621,5411,2735],{"id":5407},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5410,3811],{},[18,5412,5413],{},"any()",[14,5415,5416,5418,5419,5421,5422,26],{},[18,5417,3811],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5420,5413],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[334,5423,3808,5425,3741],{"href":5424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5426,5413],{},[47,5428,2144],{"id":2143},[34,5430,5431,5437,5441,5446,5451,5456],{},[37,5432,5433],{},[334,5434,3808,5435,3741],{"href":5424},[18,5436,5413],{},[37,5438,5439],{},[334,5440,4039],{"href":4038},[37,5442,5443],{},[334,5444,5445],{"href":5364},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[37,5447,5448],{},[334,5449,5450],{"href":5360},"How to filter a list in Python",[37,5452,5453],{},[334,5454,5455],{"href":4619},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[37,5457,5458],{},[334,5459,5460],{"href":4624},"What is an iterable in Python",[2169,5462,5463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":5465},[5466,5467,5469,5470,5475,5477,5478,5487,5489,5499],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":3910,"depth":101,"text":5468},"What all() does",{"id":3962,"depth":101,"text":3963},{"id":4160,"depth":101,"text":4161,"children":5471},[5472,5473,5474],{"id":4164,"depth":123,"text":4165},{"id":4224,"depth":123,"text":4225},{"id":4287,"depth":123,"text":4288},{"id":4424,"depth":101,"text":5476},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4628,"depth":101,"text":4629},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":5479},[5480,5481,5483,5485],{"id":4750,"depth":123,"text":4751},{"id":4807,"depth":123,"text":5482},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4931,"depth":123,"text":5484},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5007,"depth":123,"text":5486},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5188,"depth":101,"text":5488},"When to use all()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":5490},[5491,5493,5495,5497],{"id":5370,"depth":123,"text":5492},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5386,"depth":123,"text":5494},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5397,"depth":123,"text":5496},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5407,"depth":123,"text":5498},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3802,"description":5500},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5507,"title":5508,"body":5509,"description":7197,"extension":2216,"meta":7198,"navigation":271,"path":5424,"seo":7199,"stem":7200,"__hash__":7201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5510,"toc":7175},[5511,5514,5522,5525,5542,5550,5593,5602,5606,5611,5614,5631,5634,5645,5657,5661,5664,5679,5684,5687,5699,5702,5785,5788,5809,5815,5817,5825,5839,5841,5875,5877,5880,5941,5943,5960,5963,5990,5992,6000,6012,6016,6019,6058,6060,6068,6070,6086,6094,6097,6140,6142,6150,6155,6159,6167,6170,6197,6200,6203,6276,6278,6286,6293,6317,6328,6331,6410,6412,6420,6427,6431,6436,6451,6453,6461,6464,6470,6473,6518,6520,6537,6541,6546,6557,6560,6675,6678,6737,6743,6745,6750,6754,6756,6775,6781,6784,6803,6807,6816,6843,6845,6853,6861,6865,6871,6894,6896,6904,6911,6915,6918,6969,6972,7023,7026,7028,7032,7039,7043,7050,7054,7062,7066,7069,7091,7093,7143,7145,7172],[10,5512,5508],{"id":5513},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5515,5516,5518,5519,26],{},[18,5517,5413],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[23,5520,5521],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5523,5524],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[34,5526,5527,5530,5533,5536,5539],{},[37,5528,5529],{},"lists",[37,5531,5532],{},"tuples",[37,5534,5535],{},"sets",[37,5537,5538],{},"strings",[37,5540,5541],{},"generator expressions",[14,5543,5544,5545,1881,5547,5549],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5546,3837],{},[18,5548,3907],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[52,5551,5553],{"className":54,"code":5552,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5554,5555,5575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5556,5557,5559,5561,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5558,937],{"class":67},[61,5560,72],{"class":71},[61,5562,76],{"class":75},[61,5564,582],{"class":79},[61,5566,83],{"class":75},[61,5568,4070],{"class":214},[61,5570,83],{"class":75},[61,5572,950],{"class":79},[61,5574,98],{"class":75},[61,5576,5577,5579,5581,5584,5586,5588,5591],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5578,127],{"class":126},[61,5580,113],{"class":75},[61,5582,5583],{"class":126},"any",[61,5585,113],{"class":75},[61,5587,974],{"class":116},[61,5589,5590],{"class":75},"))",[61,5592,3897],{"class":3896},[14,5594,165,5595,5598,5599,5601],{},[18,5596,5597],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5600,3837],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[47,5603,5605],{"id":5604},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5607,5608,5610],{},[18,5609,5413],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5612,5613],{},"It returns:",[34,5615,5616,5621,5626],{},[37,5617,5618,5620],{},[18,5619,3837],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[37,5622,5623,5625],{},[18,5624,3907],{}," if all items are falsy",[37,5627,5628,5630],{},[18,5629,3907],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5632,5633],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[34,5635,5636,5639,5642],{},[37,5637,5638],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[37,5640,5641],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[37,5643,5644],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5646,5647,5648,5651,5652,26],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[23,5649,5650],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[334,5653,5655],{"href":5654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5656,3811],{},[47,5658,5660],{"id":5659},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5662,5663],{},"The syntax is simple:",[52,5665,5667],{"className":54,"code":5666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5668,5669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5670,5671,5673,5675,5677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5672,5583],{"class":126},[61,5674,113],{"class":75},[61,5676,359],{"class":116},[61,5678,120],{"class":75},[14,5680,5681,5682,26],{},"The argument must be an ",[23,5683,359],{},[14,5685,5686],{},"Common inputs include:",[34,5688,5689,5691,5693,5695,5697],{},[37,5690,5529],{},[37,5692,5532],{},[37,5694,5535],{},[37,5696,5538],{},[37,5698,5541],{},[14,5700,5701],{},"For example:",[52,5703,5705],{"className":54,"code":5704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5706,5707,5729,5747,5767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5708,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5710,127],{"class":126},[61,5712,113],{"class":75},[61,5714,5583],{"class":126},[61,5716,416],{"class":75},[61,5718,582],{"class":79},[61,5720,83],{"class":75},[61,5722,4065],{"class":79},[61,5724,83],{"class":75},[61,5726,587],{"class":79},[61,5728,433],{"class":75},[61,5730,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5732,127],{"class":126},[61,5734,113],{"class":75},[61,5736,5583],{"class":126},[61,5738,444],{"class":75},[61,5740,3907],{"class":1523},[61,5742,83],{"class":75},[61,5744,4136],{"class":1523},[61,5746,460],{"class":75},[61,5748,5749,5751,5753,5755,5758,5760,5762,5764],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,5750,127],{"class":126},[61,5752,113],{"class":75},[61,5754,5583],{"class":126},[61,5756,5757],{"class":75},"({",[61,5759,582],{"class":79},[61,5761,83],{"class":75},[61,5763,86],{"class":79},[61,5765,5766],{"class":75},"}))\n",[61,5768,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,5770,127],{"class":126},[61,5772,113],{"class":75},[61,5774,5583],{"class":126},[61,5776,113],{"class":75},[61,5778,215],{"class":214},[61,5780,475],{"class":218},[61,5782,215],{"class":214},[61,5784,480],{"class":75},[14,5786,5787],{},"Expected output:",[52,5789,5791],{"className":54,"code":5790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5792,5793,5797,5801,5805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5794,5795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5796,1524],{"class":1523},[61,5798,5799],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5800,1529],{"class":1523},[61,5802,5803],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,5804,1524],{"class":1523},[61,5806,5807],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,5808,1524],{"class":1523},[14,5810,5811,5812,26],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[334,5813,5365],{"href":5814},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[47,5816,3963],{"id":3962},[14,5818,3966,5819,1881,5822,3971],{},[23,5820,5821],{},"truthy",[23,5823,5824],{},"falsy",[34,5826,5827,5833],{},[37,5828,5829,3979,5831],{},[23,5830,3978],{},[18,5832,3837],{},[37,5834,5835,3979,5837],{},[23,5836,3986],{},[18,5838,3907],{},[14,5840,3991],{},[34,5842,5843,5847,5851,5855,5859,5863,5867,5871],{},[37,5844,5845],{},[18,5846,3907],{},[37,5848,5849],{},[18,5850,582],{},[37,5852,5853],{},[18,5854,4002],{},[37,5856,5857],{},[18,5858,4007],{},[37,5860,5861],{},[18,5862,4021],{},[37,5864,5865],{},[18,5866,700],{},[37,5868,5869],{},[18,5870,20],{},[37,5872,5873],{},[18,5874,4012],{},[14,5876,4032],{},[14,5878,5879],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[52,5881,5883],{"className":54,"code":5882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5884,5885,5899,5917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5886,5887,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5888,127],{"class":126},[61,5890,113],{"class":75},[61,5892,5583],{"class":126},[61,5894,416],{"class":75},[61,5896,80],{"class":79},[61,5898,433],{"class":75},[61,5900,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5911,5913,5915],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5902,127],{"class":126},[61,5904,113],{"class":75},[61,5906,5583],{"class":126},[61,5908,416],{"class":75},[61,5910,299],{"class":214},[61,5912,475],{"class":218},[61,5914,299],{"class":214},[61,5916,433],{"class":75},[61,5918,5919,5921,5923,5925,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5938],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,5920,127],{"class":126},[61,5922,113],{"class":75},[61,5924,5583],{"class":126},[61,5926,5927],{"class":75},"([[",[61,5929,80],{"class":79},[61,5931,83],{"class":75},[61,5933,86],{"class":79},[61,5935,83],{"class":75},[61,5937,95],{"class":79},[61,5939,5940],{"class":75},"]]))\n",[14,5942,5787],{},[52,5944,5946],{"className":54,"code":5945,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5947,5948,5952,5956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5949,5950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5951,1524],{"class":1523},[61,5953,5954],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,5955,1524],{"class":1523},[61,5957,5958],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,5959,1524],{"class":1523},[14,5961,5962],{},"And these are all falsy:",[52,5964,5966],{"className":54,"code":5965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5967,5968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5969,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5971,127],{"class":126},[61,5973,113],{"class":75},[61,5975,5583],{"class":126},[61,5977,416],{"class":75},[61,5979,582],{"class":79},[61,5981,83],{"class":75},[61,5983,4070],{"class":214},[61,5985,83],{"class":75},[61,5987,4083],{"class":1523},[61,5989,433],{"class":75},[14,5991,5787],{},[52,5993,5994],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,5995,5996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,5997,5998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,5999,1529],{"class":1523},[14,6001,6002,6003,4621,6006,26],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[334,6004,4039],{"href":6005},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[334,6007,6009,6011],{"href":6008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,6010,4045],{}," explained",[47,6013,6015],{"id":6014},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6017,6018],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[52,6020,6022],{"className":54,"code":6021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6023,6024,6044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6025,6026,6028,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6027,937],{"class":67},[61,6029,72],{"class":71},[61,6031,76],{"class":75},[61,6033,582],{"class":79},[61,6035,83],{"class":75},[61,6037,4070],{"class":214},[61,6039,83],{"class":75},[61,6041,950],{"class":79},[61,6043,98],{"class":75},[61,6045,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6047,127],{"class":126},[61,6049,113],{"class":75},[61,6051,5583],{"class":126},[61,6053,113],{"class":75},[61,6055,974],{"class":116},[61,6057,480],{"class":75},[14,6059,139],{},[52,6061,6062],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6063,6064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6065,6066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6067,1524],{"class":1523},[14,6069,4669],{},[34,6071,6072,6077,6081],{},[37,6073,6074,6076],{},[18,6075,582],{}," is falsy",[37,6078,6079,6076],{},[18,6080,4007],{},[37,6082,6083,6085],{},[18,6084,945],{}," is truthy",[14,6087,6088,6089,2642,6092,26],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6090,6091],{},"any(values)",[18,6093,3837],{},[14,6095,6096],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[52,6098,6100],{"className":54,"code":6099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6101,6102,6126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6103,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6105,937],{"class":67},[61,6107,72],{"class":71},[61,6109,76],{"class":75},[61,6111,582],{"class":79},[61,6113,83],{"class":75},[61,6115,4070],{"class":214},[61,6117,83],{"class":75},[61,6119,4083],{"class":1523},[61,6121,83],{"class":75},[61,6123,4136],{"class":1523},[61,6125,98],{"class":75},[61,6127,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6129,127],{"class":126},[61,6131,113],{"class":75},[61,6133,5583],{"class":126},[61,6135,113],{"class":75},[61,6137,974],{"class":116},[61,6139,480],{"class":75},[14,6141,139],{},[52,6143,6144],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6145,6146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6147,6148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6149,1529],{"class":1523},[14,6151,6152,6153,26],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6154,3907],{},[47,6156,6158],{"id":6157},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6160,6161,6163,6164,26],{},[18,6162,5413],{}," is often used with a ",[23,6165,6166],{},"generator expression",[14,6168,6169],{},"This is a common pattern:",[52,6171,6173],{"className":54,"code":6172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6174,6175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6176,6177,6179,6181,6184,6187,6190,6192,6195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6178,5583],{"class":126},[61,6180,113],{"class":75},[61,6182,6183],{"class":116},"condition ",[61,6185,6186],{"class":1490},"for",[61,6188,6189],{"class":116}," item ",[61,6191,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6193,6194],{"class":116}," items",[61,6196,120],{"class":75},[14,6198,6199],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6201,6202],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[52,6204,6206],{"className":54,"code":6205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6207,6208,6235,6239,6266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6209,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6223,6225,6227,6229,6231,6233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6211,68],{"class":67},[61,6213,72],{"class":71},[61,6215,76],{"class":75},[61,6217,498],{"class":79},[61,6219,83],{"class":75},[61,6221,6222],{"class":79}," 7",[61,6224,83],{"class":75},[61,6226,2469],{"class":71},[61,6228,2310],{"class":79},[61,6230,83],{"class":75},[61,6232,457],{"class":79},[61,6234,98],{"class":75},[61,6236,6237],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6238,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,6240,6241,6243,6245,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,6242,869],{"class":67},[61,6244,72],{"class":71},[61,6246,6247],{"class":126}," any",[61,6249,113],{"class":75},[61,6251,3260],{"class":116},[61,6253,672],{"class":71},[61,6255,4065],{"class":79},[61,6257,4107],{"class":1490},[61,6259,4110],{"class":116},[61,6261,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6263,4490],{"class":116},[61,6265,120],{"class":75},[61,6267,6268,6270,6272,6274],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,6269,127],{"class":126},[61,6271,113],{"class":75},[61,6273,892],{"class":116},[61,6275,120],{"class":75},[14,6277,139],{},[52,6279,6280],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6281,6282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6283,6284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6285,1524],{"class":1523},[14,6287,6288,6289,6292],{},"This works because ",[18,6290,6291],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[34,6294,6295,6303,6310],{},[37,6296,6297,6300,6301],{},[18,6298,6299],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6302,3907],{},[37,6304,6305,6300,6308],{},[18,6306,6307],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6309,3907],{},[37,6311,6312,6300,6315],{},[18,6313,6314],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6316,3837],{},[14,6318,6319,6320,6322,6323,6325,6326,26],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6321,3837],{}," result, ",[18,6324,5413],{}," can return ",[18,6327,3837],{},[14,6329,6330],{},"Here is another example:",[52,6332,6334],{"className":54,"code":6333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6335,6336,6365,6369,6399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6337,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6339,4298],{"class":67},[61,6341,72],{"class":71},[61,6343,76],{"class":75},[61,6345,215],{"class":214},[61,6347,2042],{"class":218},[61,6349,215],{"class":214},[61,6351,83],{"class":75},[61,6353,6354],{"class":214}," \"\"",[61,6356,83],{"class":75},[61,6358,226],{"class":214},[61,6360,1040],{"class":218},[61,6362,215],{"class":214},[61,6364,98],{"class":75},[61,6366,6367],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6368,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,6370,6371,6374,6376,6378,6380,6383,6385,6387,6389,6392,6394,6397],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,6372,6373],{"class":67},"has_empty_string ",[61,6375,72],{"class":71},[61,6377,6247],{"class":126},[61,6379,113],{"class":75},[61,6381,6382],{"class":116},"word ",[61,6384,4916],{"class":71},[61,6386,6354],{"class":214},[61,6388,4107],{"class":1490},[61,6390,6391],{"class":116}," word ",[61,6393,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6395,6396],{"class":116}," words",[61,6398,120],{"class":75},[61,6400,6401,6403,6405,6408],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,6402,127],{"class":126},[61,6404,113],{"class":75},[61,6406,6407],{"class":116},"has_empty_string",[61,6409,120],{"class":75},[14,6411,139],{},[52,6413,6414],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6415,6416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6417,6418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6419,1524],{"class":1523},[14,6421,6422,6423,26],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[334,6424,6426],{"href":6425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[47,6428,6430],{"id":6429},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6432,6433,6434,378],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6435,3907],{},[52,6437,6439],{"className":54,"code":6438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6440,6441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6442,6443,6445,6447,6449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6444,127],{"class":126},[61,6446,113],{"class":75},[61,6448,5583],{"class":126},[61,6450,4656],{"class":75},[14,6452,139],{},[52,6454,6455],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6456,6457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6458,6459],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6460,1529],{"class":1523},[14,6462,6463],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6465,6466,6467,6469],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6468,5413],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6471,6472],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[52,6474,6476],{"className":54,"code":6475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6477,6478,6488,6503],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6479,6480,6482,6484,6486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6481,127],{"class":126},[61,6483,113],{"class":75},[61,6485,5583],{"class":126},[61,6487,4714],{"class":75},[61,6489,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498,6501],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6491,127],{"class":126},[61,6493,113],{"class":75},[61,6495,5583],{"class":126},[61,6497,113],{"class":75},[61,6499,6500],{"class":214},"\"\"",[61,6502,480],{"class":75},[61,6504,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,6506,127],{"class":126},[61,6508,113],{"class":75},[61,6510,5583],{"class":126},[61,6512,113],{"class":75},[61,6514,354],{"class":109},[61,6516,6517],{"class":75},"()))\n",[14,6519,139],{},[52,6521,6523],{"className":54,"code":6522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6524,6525,6529,6533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6526,6527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6528,1529],{"class":1523},[61,6530,6531],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6532,1529],{"class":1523},[61,6534,6535],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,6536,1529],{"class":1523},[47,6538,6540],{"id":6539},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6542,165,6543,6545],{},[18,6544,5413],{}," when you want to:",[34,6547,6548,6551,6554],{},[37,6549,6550],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[37,6552,6553],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[37,6555,6556],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6558,6559],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[52,6561,6563],{"className":54,"code":6562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6564,6565,6590,6594,6604,6608,6622,6641,6652,6658,6663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6566,6567,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6588],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6568,68],{"class":67},[61,6570,72],{"class":71},[61,6572,76],{"class":75},[61,6574,80],{"class":79},[61,6576,83],{"class":75},[61,6578,95],{"class":79},[61,6580,83],{"class":75},[61,6582,950],{"class":79},[61,6584,83],{"class":75},[61,6586,6587],{"class":79}," 8",[61,6589,98],{"class":75},[61,6591,6592],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6593,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,6595,6596,6599,6601],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,6597,6598],{"class":67},"found_even ",[61,6600,72],{"class":71},[61,6602,6603],{"class":1523}," False\n",[61,6605,6606],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,6607,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,6609,6610,6612,6615,6617,6619],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,6611,6186],{"class":1490},[61,6613,6614],{"class":67}," number ",[61,6616,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6618,4490],{"class":67},[61,6620,6621],{"class":75},":\n",[61,6623,6624,6627,6629,6632,6634,6637,6639],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,6625,6626],{"class":1490},"    if",[61,6628,6614],{"class":67},[61,6630,6631],{"class":71},"%",[61,6633,86],{"class":79},[61,6635,6636],{"class":71}," ==",[61,6638,4065],{"class":79},[61,6640,6621],{"class":75},[61,6642,6644,6647,6649],{"class":63,"line":6643},7,[61,6645,6646],{"class":67},"        found_even ",[61,6648,72],{"class":71},[61,6650,6651],{"class":1523}," True\n",[61,6653,6655],{"class":63,"line":6654},8,[61,6656,6657],{"class":1490},"        break\n",[61,6659,6661],{"class":63,"line":6660},9,[61,6662,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,6664,6666,6668,6670,6673],{"class":63,"line":6665},10,[61,6667,127],{"class":126},[61,6669,113],{"class":75},[61,6671,6672],{"class":116},"found_even",[61,6674,120],{"class":75},[14,6676,6677],{},"You can write:",[52,6679,6681],{"className":54,"code":6680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6682,6683,6707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6684,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701,6703,6705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6686,68],{"class":67},[61,6688,72],{"class":71},[61,6690,76],{"class":75},[61,6692,80],{"class":79},[61,6694,83],{"class":75},[61,6696,95],{"class":79},[61,6698,83],{"class":75},[61,6700,950],{"class":79},[61,6702,83],{"class":75},[61,6704,6587],{"class":79},[61,6706,98],{"class":75},[61,6708,6709,6711,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6710,127],{"class":126},[61,6712,113],{"class":75},[61,6714,5583],{"class":126},[61,6716,113],{"class":75},[61,6718,2464],{"class":116},[61,6720,6631],{"class":71},[61,6722,86],{"class":79},[61,6724,6636],{"class":71},[61,6726,4065],{"class":79},[61,6728,4107],{"class":1490},[61,6730,6614],{"class":116},[61,6732,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6734,4490],{"class":116},[61,6736,480],{"class":75},[14,6738,6739,6740,6742],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6741,5413],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[47,6744,4747],{"id":4746},[14,6746,6747,6748,26],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6749,5413],{},[819,6751,6753],{"id":6752},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6755,4754],{},[52,6757,6759],{"className":54,"code":6758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6760,6761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6764,127],{"class":126},[61,6766,113],{"class":75},[61,6768,5583],{"class":126},[61,6770,113],{"class":75},[61,6772,945],{"class":79},[61,6774,480],{"class":75},[14,6776,6777,6778,6780],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6779,945],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6782,6783],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[52,6785,6787],{"className":54,"code":6786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6788,6789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6790,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6792,127],{"class":126},[61,6794,113],{"class":75},[61,6796,5583],{"class":126},[61,6798,416],{"class":75},[61,6800,945],{"class":79},[61,6802,433],{"class":75},[819,6804,6806],{"id":6805},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6808,6809,6811,6812,6815],{},[18,6810,5413],{}," needs only ",[23,6813,6814],{},"one"," truthy item.",[52,6817,6819],{"className":54,"code":6818,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6820,6821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6822,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6824,127],{"class":126},[61,6826,113],{"class":75},[61,6828,5583],{"class":126},[61,6830,416],{"class":75},[61,6832,3907],{"class":1523},[61,6834,83],{"class":75},[61,6836,4136],{"class":1523},[61,6838,83],{"class":75},[61,6840,4145],{"class":1523},[61,6842,433],{"class":75},[14,6844,139],{},[52,6846,6847],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6848,6849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6850,6851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6852,1524],{"class":1523},[14,6854,6855,6856,6860],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[334,6857,6858],{"href":5654},[18,6859,3811],{}," instead.",[819,6862,6864],{"id":6863},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6866,6867,6868,26],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6869,6870],{},"\"True\"",[52,6872,6874],{"className":54,"code":6873,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6875,6876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6877,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6879,127],{"class":126},[61,6881,113],{"class":75},[61,6883,5583],{"class":126},[61,6885,416],{"class":75},[61,6887,215],{"class":214},[61,6889,3907],{"class":218},[61,6891,215],{"class":214},[61,6893,433],{"class":75},[14,6895,139],{},[52,6897,6898],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,6899,6900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6901,6902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6903,1524],{"class":1523},[14,6905,6906,6907,6910],{},"That is because ",[18,6908,6909],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[819,6912,6914],{"id":6913},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6916,6917],{},"This works:",[52,6919,6921],{"className":54,"code":6920,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6922,6923,6943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6924,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6926,68],{"class":67},[61,6928,72],{"class":71},[61,6930,76],{"class":75},[61,6932,80],{"class":79},[61,6934,83],{"class":75},[61,6936,86],{"class":79},[61,6938,83],{"class":75},[61,6940,95],{"class":79},[61,6942,98],{"class":75},[61,6944,6945,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,6946,127],{"class":126},[61,6948,113],{"class":75},[61,6950,5583],{"class":126},[61,6952,416],{"class":75},[61,6954,3260],{"class":116},[61,6956,4479],{"class":71},[61,6958,86],{"class":79},[61,6960,4107],{"class":1490},[61,6962,4110],{"class":116},[61,6964,1433],{"class":1490},[61,6966,4490],{"class":116},[61,6968,433],{"class":75},[14,6970,6971],{},"But this is usually better:",[52,6973,6975],{"className":54,"code":6974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6976,6977,6997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,6978,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,6980,68],{"class":67},[61,6982,72],{"class":71},[61,6984,76],{"class":75},[61,6986,80],{"class":79},[61,6988,83],{"class":75},[61,6990,86],{"class":79},[61,6992,83],{"class":75},[61,6994,95],{"class":79},[61,6996,98],{"class":75},[61,6998,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7000,127],{"class":126},[61,7002,113],{"class":75},[61,7004,5583],{"class":126},[61,7006,113],{"class":75},[61,7008,3260],{"class":116},[61,7010,4479],{"class":71},[61,7012,86],{"class":79},[61,7014,4107],{"class":1490},[61,7016,4110],{"class":116},[61,7018,1433],{"class":1490},[61,7020,4490],{"class":116},[61,7022,480],{"class":75},[14,7024,7025],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[47,7027,1987],{"id":1986},[819,7029,7031],{"id":7030},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7033,5377,7034,7036,7037,26],{},[18,7035,3837],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7038,3907],{},[819,7040,7042],{"id":7041},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7044,7045,2642,7047,7049],{},[18,7046,5413],{},[18,7048,3907],{}," for an empty iterable.",[819,7051,7053],{"id":7052},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7055,7056,7058,7059,7061],{},[18,7057,5413],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7060,3811],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[819,7063,7065],{"id":7064},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7067,7068],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[52,7070,7071],{"className":54,"code":6172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7072,7073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7074,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7076,5583],{"class":126},[61,7078,113],{"class":75},[61,7080,6183],{"class":116},[61,7082,6186],{"class":1490},[61,7084,6189],{"class":116},[61,7086,1433],{"class":1490},[61,7088,6194],{"class":116},[61,7090,120],{"class":75},[14,7092,5701],{},[52,7094,7095],{"className":54,"code":6974,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7096,7097,7117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7098,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7100,68],{"class":67},[61,7102,72],{"class":71},[61,7104,76],{"class":75},[61,7106,80],{"class":79},[61,7108,83],{"class":75},[61,7110,86],{"class":79},[61,7112,83],{"class":75},[61,7114,95],{"class":79},[61,7116,98],{"class":75},[61,7118,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139,7141],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7120,127],{"class":126},[61,7122,113],{"class":75},[61,7124,5583],{"class":126},[61,7126,113],{"class":75},[61,7128,3260],{"class":116},[61,7130,4479],{"class":71},[61,7132,86],{"class":79},[61,7134,4107],{"class":1490},[61,7136,4110],{"class":116},[61,7138,1433],{"class":1490},[61,7140,4490],{"class":116},[61,7142,480],{"class":75},[47,7144,2144],{"id":2143},[34,7146,7147,7153,7157,7161,7166],{},[37,7148,7149],{},[334,7150,7151,3741],{"href":5654},[18,7152,3811],{},[37,7154,7155],{},[334,7156,4039],{"href":6005},[37,7158,7159],{},[334,7160,5445],{"href":5814},[37,7162,7163],{},[334,7164,7165],{"href":6425},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[37,7167,7168],{},[334,7169,7170,3741],{"href":6008},[18,7171,4045],{},[2169,7173,7174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":7176},[7177,7178,7179,7180,7181,7182,7183,7184,7190,7196],{"id":5604,"depth":101,"text":5605},{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660},{"id":3962,"depth":101,"text":3963},{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":6157,"depth":101,"text":6158},{"id":6429,"depth":101,"text":6430},{"id":6539,"depth":101,"text":6540},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":7185},[7186,7187,7188,7189],{"id":6752,"depth":123,"text":6753},{"id":6805,"depth":123,"text":6806},{"id":6863,"depth":123,"text":6864},{"id":6913,"depth":123,"text":6914},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":7191},[7192,7193,7194,7195],{"id":7030,"depth":123,"text":7031},{"id":7041,"depth":123,"text":7042},{"id":7052,"depth":123,"text":7053},{"id":7064,"depth":123,"text":7065},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5508,"description":7197},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7203,"title":7204,"body":7205,"description":9330,"extension":2216,"meta":9331,"navigation":271,"path":9332,"seo":9333,"stem":9334,"__hash__":9335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7206,"toc":9293},[7207,7210,7219,7229,7231,7328,7330,7359,7375,7379,7384,7387,7397,7403,7409,7425,7427,7435,7442,7446,7449,7464,7469,7487,7492,7494,7542,7544,7561,7565,7571,7574,7609,7611,7717,7719,7756,7760,7768,7770,7790,7792,7913,7915,7944,7947,7970,7972,7980,7988,7992,7998,8002,8042,8044,8052,8055,8083,8085,8093,8097,8126,8128,8136,8168,8170,8178,8182,8233,8235,8243,8251,8255,8258,8311,8313,8333,8340,8344,8350,8353,8361,8383,8385,8393,8401,8424,8426,8434,8439,8444,8456,8458,8499,8510,8514,8523,8526,8529,8588,8591,8643,8646,8651,8667,8673,8675,8680,8688,8691,8713,8715,8723,8728,8731,8766,8768,8776,8780,8785,8823,8835,8838,8892,8900,8904,8907,8929,8937,8940,8981,8983,9006,9012,9018,9033,9035,9053,9056,9075,9077,9095,9099,9105,9184,9187,9201,9208,9210,9214,9221,9225,9229,9233,9238,9242,9247,9251,9258,9260,9290],[10,7208,7204],{"id":7209},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7211,2233,7212,7214,7215,1881,7217,26],{},[18,7213,4045],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,7216,3837],{},[18,7218,3907],{},[14,7220,7221,7222,7224,7225,7228],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,7223,4045],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,7226,7227],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[47,7230,3842],{"id":3841},[52,7232,7234],{"className":54,"code":7233,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,7235,7236,7250,7264,7278,7296,7306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7237,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246,7248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7239,127],{"class":126},[61,7241,113],{"class":75},[61,7243,4098],{"class":109},[61,7245,113],{"class":75},[61,7247,582],{"class":79},[61,7249,480],{"class":75},[61,7251,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260,7262],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7253,127],{"class":126},[61,7255,113],{"class":75},[61,7257,4098],{"class":109},[61,7259,113],{"class":75},[61,7261,80],{"class":79},[61,7263,480],{"class":75},[61,7265,7266,7268,7270,7272,7274,7276],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7267,127],{"class":126},[61,7269,113],{"class":75},[61,7271,4098],{"class":109},[61,7273,113],{"class":75},[61,7275,6500],{"class":214},[61,7277,480],{"class":75},[61,7279,7280,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7292,7294],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7281,127],{"class":126},[61,7283,113],{"class":75},[61,7285,4098],{"class":109},[61,7287,113],{"class":75},[61,7289,215],{"class":214},[61,7291,475],{"class":218},[61,7293,215],{"class":214},[61,7295,480],{"class":75},[61,7297,7298,7300,7302,7304],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7299,127],{"class":126},[61,7301,113],{"class":75},[61,7303,4098],{"class":109},[61,7305,4656],{"class":75},[61,7307,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7309,127],{"class":126},[61,7311,113],{"class":75},[61,7313,4098],{"class":109},[61,7315,416],{"class":75},[61,7317,80],{"class":79},[61,7319,83],{"class":75},[61,7321,86],{"class":79},[61,7323,83],{"class":75},[61,7325,95],{"class":79},[61,7327,433],{"class":75},[14,7329,5787],{},[52,7331,7333],{"className":54,"code":7332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7334,7335,7339,7343,7347,7351,7355],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7336,7337],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7338,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7340,7341],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7342,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7344,7345],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7346,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7348,7349],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7350,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7352,7353],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7354,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7356,7357],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7358,1524],{"class":1523},[14,7360,165,7361,7364,7365,1881,7367,7369,7370,7372,7373,26],{},[18,7362,7363],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7366,3837],{},[18,7368,3907],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7371,3907],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7374,3837],{},[47,7376,7378],{"id":7377},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7380,7381,7383],{},[18,7382,4045],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7385,7386],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[34,7388,7389,7393],{},[37,7390,7391],{},[18,7392,3837],{},[37,7394,7395],{},[18,7396,3907],{},[14,7398,7399,7400,7402],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7401,7227],{}," statements.",[14,7404,7405,7406,7408],{},"You can also call ",[18,7407,4045],{}," with no argument:",[52,7410,7412],{"className":54,"code":7411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool())\n",[18,7413,7414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7417,127],{"class":126},[61,7419,113],{"class":75},[61,7421,4098],{"class":109},[61,7423,7424],{"class":75},"())\n",[14,7426,139],{},[52,7428,7429],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7430,7431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7432,7433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7434,1529],{"class":1523},[14,7436,7437,7438,26],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[334,7439,7441],{"href":7440},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[47,7443,7445],{"id":7444},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7447,7448],{},"The basic syntax is:",[52,7450,7452],{"className":54,"code":7451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bool(value)\n",[18,7453,7454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7457,4098],{"class":109},[61,7459,113],{"class":75},[61,7461,1783],{"class":116},[61,7463,120],{"class":75},[14,7465,2233,7466,7468],{},[18,7467,1783],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[34,7470,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479,7482,7484],{},[37,7472,117],{},[37,7474,5538],{},[37,7476,5529],{},[37,7478,5532],{},[37,7480,7481],{},"dictionaries",[37,7483,5535],{},[37,7485,7486],{},"other objects",[14,7488,7489,7490,26],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7491,3907],{},[14,7493,197],{},[52,7495,7497],{"className":54,"code":7496,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7498,7499,7513,7532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7502,127],{"class":126},[61,7504,113],{"class":75},[61,7506,4098],{"class":109},[61,7508,113],{"class":75},[61,7510,447],{"class":79},[61,7512,480],{"class":75},[61,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7528,7530],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7516,127],{"class":126},[61,7518,113],{"class":75},[61,7520,4098],{"class":109},[61,7522,113],{"class":75},[61,7524,215],{"class":214},[61,7526,7527],{"class":218},"Python",[61,7529,215],{"class":214},[61,7531,480],{"class":75},[61,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7535,127],{"class":126},[61,7537,113],{"class":75},[61,7539,4098],{"class":109},[61,7541,7424],{"class":75},[14,7543,139],{},[52,7545,7547],{"className":54,"code":7546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7548,7549,7553,7557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7550,7551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7552,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7554,7555],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7556,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7558,7559],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7560,1529],{"class":1523},[47,7562,7564],{"id":7563},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7566,7567,7568,7570],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[23,7569,5824],{}," values.",[14,7572,7573],{},"Common examples:",[34,7575,7576,7580,7584,7588,7592,7597,7601,7605],{},[37,7577,7578],{},[18,7579,582],{},[37,7581,7582],{},[18,7583,4002],{},[37,7585,7586],{},[18,7587,6500],{},[37,7589,7590],{},[18,7591,4021],{},[37,7593,7594],{},[18,7595,7596],{},"()",[37,7598,7599],{},[18,7600,700],{},[37,7602,7603],{},[18,7604,20],{},[37,7606,7607],{},[18,7608,4012],{},[14,7610,197],{},[52,7612,7614],{"className":54,"code":7613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7615,7616,7630,7644,7658,7668,7678,7689,7703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7617,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7619,127],{"class":126},[61,7621,113],{"class":75},[61,7623,4098],{"class":109},[61,7625,113],{"class":75},[61,7627,582],{"class":79},[61,7629,480],{"class":75},[61,7631,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7633,127],{"class":126},[61,7635,113],{"class":75},[61,7637,4098],{"class":109},[61,7639,113],{"class":75},[61,7641,4002],{"class":79},[61,7643,480],{"class":75},[61,7645,7646,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7647,127],{"class":126},[61,7649,113],{"class":75},[61,7651,4098],{"class":109},[61,7653,113],{"class":75},[61,7655,6500],{"class":214},[61,7657,480],{"class":75},[61,7659,7660,7662,7664,7666],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7661,127],{"class":126},[61,7663,113],{"class":75},[61,7665,4098],{"class":109},[61,7667,4656],{"class":75},[61,7669,7670,7672,7674,7676],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7671,127],{"class":126},[61,7673,113],{"class":75},[61,7675,4098],{"class":109},[61,7677,4714],{"class":75},[61,7679,7680,7682,7684,7686],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7681,127],{"class":126},[61,7683,113],{"class":75},[61,7685,4098],{"class":109},[61,7687,7688],{"class":75},"({}))\n",[61,7690,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7701],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,7692,127],{"class":126},[61,7694,113],{"class":75},[61,7696,4098],{"class":109},[61,7698,113],{"class":75},[61,7700,354],{"class":109},[61,7702,6517],{"class":75},[61,7704,7705,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,7706,127],{"class":126},[61,7708,113],{"class":75},[61,7710,4098],{"class":109},[61,7712,113],{"class":75},[61,7714,4012],{"class":1523},[61,7716,480],{"class":75},[14,7718,139],{},[52,7720,7722],{"className":54,"code":7721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7723,7724,7728,7732,7736,7740,7744,7748,7752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7725,7726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7727,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7729,7730],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7731,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7733,7734],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7735,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7737,7738],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7739,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7741,7742],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7743,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7745,7746],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7747,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7749,7750],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,7751,1529],{"class":1523},[61,7753,7754],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,7755,1529],{"class":1523},[47,7757,7759],{"id":7758},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7761,7762,7763,7765,7766,7570],{},"Many values become ",[18,7764,3837],{},". These are often called ",[23,7767,5821],{},[14,7769,7573],{},[34,7771,7772,7775,7778,7781,7784,7787],{},[37,7773,7774],{},"non-zero numbers",[37,7776,7777],{},"non-empty strings",[37,7779,7780],{},"non-empty lists",[37,7782,7783],{},"non-empty tuples",[37,7785,7786],{},"non-empty sets",[37,7788,7789],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7791,197],{},[52,7793,7795],{"className":54,"code":7794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7796,7797,7811,7827,7845,7867,7885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7798,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7800,127],{"class":126},[61,7802,113],{"class":75},[61,7804,4098],{"class":109},[61,7806,113],{"class":75},[61,7808,945],{"class":79},[61,7810,480],{"class":75},[61,7812,7813,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7814,127],{"class":126},[61,7816,113],{"class":75},[61,7818,4098],{"class":109},[61,7820,113],{"class":75},[61,7822,2275],{"class":71},[61,7824,2310],{"class":79},[61,7826,480],{"class":75},[61,7828,7829,7831,7833,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7830,127],{"class":126},[61,7832,113],{"class":75},[61,7834,4098],{"class":109},[61,7836,113],{"class":75},[61,7838,215],{"class":214},[61,7840,475],{"class":218},[61,7842,215],{"class":214},[61,7844,480],{"class":75},[61,7846,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7848,127],{"class":126},[61,7850,113],{"class":75},[61,7852,4098],{"class":109},[61,7854,416],{"class":75},[61,7856,80],{"class":79},[61,7858,83],{"class":75},[61,7860,86],{"class":79},[61,7862,83],{"class":75},[61,7864,95],{"class":79},[61,7866,433],{"class":75},[61,7868,7869,7871,7873,7875,7877,7879,7881,7883],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7870,127],{"class":126},[61,7872,113],{"class":75},[61,7874,4098],{"class":109},[61,7876,444],{"class":75},[61,7878,80],{"class":79},[61,7880,83],{"class":75},[61,7882,86],{"class":79},[61,7884,460],{"class":75},[61,7886,7887,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7900,7902,7904,7906,7909,7911],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7888,127],{"class":126},[61,7890,113],{"class":75},[61,7892,4098],{"class":109},[61,7894,5757],{"class":75},[61,7896,215],{"class":214},[61,7898,7899],{"class":218},"name",[61,7901,215],{"class":214},[61,7903,378],{"class":75},[61,7905,226],{"class":214},[61,7907,7908],{"class":218},"Sam",[61,7910,215],{"class":214},[61,7912,5766],{"class":75},[14,7914,139],{},[52,7916,7918],{"className":54,"code":7917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7919,7920,7924,7928,7932,7936,7940],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7921,7922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7923,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7925,7926],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,7927,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7929,7930],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,7931,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7933,7934],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,7935,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7937,7938],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,7939,1524],{"class":1523},[61,7941,7942],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,7943,1524],{"class":1523},[14,7945,7946],{},"One important example is this:",[52,7948,7950],{"className":54,"code":7949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7951,7952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7953,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964,7966,7968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7955,127],{"class":126},[61,7957,113],{"class":75},[61,7959,4098],{"class":109},[61,7961,113],{"class":75},[61,7963,215],{"class":214},[61,7965,3907],{"class":218},[61,7967,215],{"class":214},[61,7969,480],{"class":75},[14,7971,139],{},[52,7973,7974],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,7975,7976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,7977,7978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,7979,1524],{"class":1523},[14,7981,7982,7983,7985,7986,26],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7984,6909],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7987,3837],{},[47,7989,7991],{"id":7990},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7993,7994,7995,7997],{},"You can use ",[18,7996,4045],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[819,7999,8001],{"id":8000},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[52,8003,8005],{"className":54,"code":8004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8006,8007,8028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8008,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8010,1230],{"class":67},[61,8012,72],{"class":71},[61,8014,76],{"class":75},[61,8016,447],{"class":79},[61,8018,83],{"class":75},[61,8020,452],{"class":79},[61,8022,83],{"class":75},[61,8024,8025],{"class":79}," 30",[61,8027,98],{"class":75},[61,8029,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8031,127],{"class":126},[61,8033,113],{"class":75},[61,8035,4098],{"class":109},[61,8037,113],{"class":75},[61,8039,1267],{"class":116},[61,8041,480],{"class":75},[14,8043,139],{},[52,8045,8046],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8047,8048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8049,8050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8051,1524],{"class":1523},[14,8053,8054],{},"With an empty list:",[52,8056,8058],{"className":54,"code":8057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8059,8060,8069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8061,8062,8064,8066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8063,1230],{"class":67},[61,8065,72],{"class":71},[61,8067,8068],{"class":75}," []\n",[61,8070,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8072,127],{"class":126},[61,8074,113],{"class":75},[61,8076,4098],{"class":109},[61,8078,113],{"class":75},[61,8080,1267],{"class":116},[61,8082,480],{"class":75},[14,8084,139],{},[52,8086,8087],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8088,8089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8090,8091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8092,1529],{"class":1523},[819,8094,8096],{"id":8095},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[52,8098,8100],{"className":54,"code":8099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8101,8102,8112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8103,8104,8107,8109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8105,8106],{"class":67},"name ",[61,8108,72],{"class":71},[61,8110,8111],{"class":214}," \"\"\n",[61,8113,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8115,127],{"class":126},[61,8117,113],{"class":75},[61,8119,4098],{"class":109},[61,8121,113],{"class":75},[61,8123,7899],{"class":116},[61,8125,480],{"class":75},[14,8127,139],{},[52,8129,8130],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8131,8132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8133,8134],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8135,1529],{"class":1523},[52,8137,8139],{"className":54,"code":8138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8140,8141,8154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8142,8143,8145,8147,8149,8152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8144,8106],{"class":67},[61,8146,72],{"class":71},[61,8148,226],{"class":214},[61,8150,8151],{"class":218},"Mia",[61,8153,1043],{"class":214},[61,8155,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8157,127],{"class":126},[61,8159,113],{"class":75},[61,8161,4098],{"class":109},[61,8163,113],{"class":75},[61,8165,7899],{"class":116},[61,8167,480],{"class":75},[14,8169,139],{},[52,8171,8172],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8173,8174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8175,8176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8177,1524],{"class":1523},[819,8179,8181],{"id":8180},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[52,8183,8185],{"className":54,"code":8184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,8186,8187,8201,8218,8222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8188,8189,8192,8194,8196,8199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8190,8191],{"class":67},"username ",[61,8193,72],{"class":71},[61,8195,226],{"class":214},[61,8197,8198],{"class":218},"alex",[61,8200,1043],{"class":214},[61,8202,8203,8206,8208,8211,8213,8216],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8204,8205],{"class":67},"has_name ",[61,8207,72],{"class":71},[61,8209,8210],{"class":109}," bool",[61,8212,113],{"class":75},[61,8214,8215],{"class":116},"username",[61,8217,120],{"class":75},[61,8219,8220],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,8221,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,8223,8224,8226,8228,8231],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,8225,127],{"class":126},[61,8227,113],{"class":75},[61,8229,8230],{"class":116},"has_name",[61,8232,120],{"class":75},[14,8234,139],{},[52,8236,8237],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8238,8239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8240,8241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8242,1524],{"class":1523},[14,8244,8245,8246,1881,8248,8250],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8247,3837],{},[18,8249,3907],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[819,8252,8254],{"id":8253},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8256,8257],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[52,8259,8261],{"className":54,"code":8260,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8262,8263,8283,8287,8295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8264,8265,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275,8277,8279,8281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8266,68],{"class":67},[61,8268,72],{"class":71},[61,8270,76],{"class":75},[61,8272,80],{"class":79},[61,8274,83],{"class":75},[61,8276,86],{"class":79},[61,8278,83],{"class":75},[61,8280,95],{"class":79},[61,8282,98],{"class":75},[61,8284,8285],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8286,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,8288,8289,8291,8293],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,8290,7227],{"class":1490},[61,8292,4490],{"class":67},[61,8294,6621],{"class":75},[61,8296,8297,8300,8302,8304,8307,8309],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,8298,8299],{"class":126},"    print",[61,8301,113],{"class":75},[61,8303,215],{"class":214},[61,8305,8306],{"class":218},"The list is not empty",[61,8308,215],{"class":214},[61,8310,120],{"class":75},[14,8312,139],{},[52,8314,8316],{"className":54,"code":8315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8317,8318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8319,8320,8322,8324,8327,8330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8321,2233],{"class":67},[61,8323,383],{"class":109},[61,8325,8326],{"class":71}," is",[61,8328,8329],{"class":71}," not",[61,8331,8332],{"class":67}," empty\n",[14,8334,8335,8336,26],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[334,8337,8339],{"href":8338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[47,8341,8343],{"id":8342},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8345,8346,8347,8349],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8348,4045],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8351,8352],{},"It does not do that.",[819,8354,8356,2642,8359],{"id":8355},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8357,8358],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8360,3837],{},[52,8362,8363],{"className":54,"code":7949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8364,8365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8366,8367,8369,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8368,127],{"class":126},[61,8370,113],{"class":75},[61,8372,4098],{"class":109},[61,8374,113],{"class":75},[61,8376,215],{"class":214},[61,8378,3907],{"class":218},[61,8380,215],{"class":214},[61,8382,480],{"class":75},[14,8384,139],{},[52,8386,8387],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8388,8389],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8390,8391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8392,1524],{"class":1523},[819,8394,8396,2642,8399],{"id":8395},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8397,8398],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8400,3837],{},[52,8402,8404],{"className":54,"code":8403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8405,8406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8407,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418,8420,8422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8409,127],{"class":126},[61,8411,113],{"class":75},[61,8413,4098],{"class":109},[61,8415,113],{"class":75},[61,8417,215],{"class":214},[61,8419,582],{"class":218},[61,8421,215],{"class":214},[61,8423,480],{"class":75},[14,8425,139],{},[52,8427,8428],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8429,8430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8431,8432],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8433,1524],{"class":1523},[14,8435,8436,8437,26],{},"This happens because both values are ",[23,8438,7777],{},[14,8440,8441,8443],{},[18,8442,4045],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8445,8446,8447,8452,8453,8455],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[334,8448,8450],{"href":8449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8451,3197],{},", because ",[18,8454,3197],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8457,197],{},[52,8459,8461],{"className":54,"code":8460,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8462,8463,8484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8464,8465,8468,8470,8473,8475,8477,8480,8482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8466,8467],{"class":67},"user_value ",[61,8469,72],{"class":71},[61,8471,8472],{"class":126}," input",[61,8474,113],{"class":75},[61,8476,215],{"class":214},[61,8478,8479],{"class":218},"Enter True or False: ",[61,8481,215],{"class":214},[61,8483,120],{"class":75},[61,8485,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8497],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8487,127],{"class":126},[61,8489,113],{"class":75},[61,8491,4098],{"class":109},[61,8493,113],{"class":75},[61,8495,8496],{"class":116},"user_value",[61,8498,480],{"class":75},[14,8500,8501,8502,8504,8505,8452,8507,8509],{},"If the user types ",[18,8503,3907],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8506,3837],{},[18,8508,6909],{}," is not empty.",[47,8511,8513],{"id":8512},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8515,8516,8517,8519,8520,8522],{},"In many ",[18,8518,7227],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8521,4045],{}," yourself.",[14,8524,8525],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8527,8528],{},"Instead of this:",[52,8530,8532],{"className":54,"code":8531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8533,8534,8555,8559,8573],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8535,8536,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8537,8538],{"class":67},"my_list ",[61,8540,72],{"class":71},[61,8542,76],{"class":75},[61,8544,80],{"class":79},[61,8546,83],{"class":75},[61,8548,86],{"class":79},[61,8550,83],{"class":75},[61,8552,95],{"class":79},[61,8554,98],{"class":75},[61,8556,8557],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8558,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,8560,8561,8563,8565,8567,8570],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,8562,7227],{"class":1490},[61,8564,8210],{"class":109},[61,8566,113],{"class":75},[61,8568,8569],{"class":116},"my_list",[61,8571,8572],{"class":75},"):\n",[61,8574,8575,8577,8579,8581,8584,8586],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,8576,8299],{"class":126},[61,8578,113],{"class":75},[61,8580,215],{"class":214},[61,8582,8583],{"class":218},"List has items",[61,8585,215],{"class":214},[61,8587,120],{"class":75},[14,8589,8590],{},"You can simply write:",[52,8592,8594],{"className":54,"code":8593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8595,8596,8616,8620,8629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8597,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8599,8538],{"class":67},[61,8601,72],{"class":71},[61,8603,76],{"class":75},[61,8605,80],{"class":79},[61,8607,83],{"class":75},[61,8609,86],{"class":79},[61,8611,83],{"class":75},[61,8613,95],{"class":79},[61,8615,98],{"class":75},[61,8617,8618],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8619,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,8621,8622,8624,8627],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,8623,7227],{"class":1490},[61,8625,8626],{"class":67}," my_list",[61,8628,6621],{"class":75},[61,8630,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639,8641],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,8632,8299],{"class":126},[61,8634,113],{"class":75},[61,8636,215],{"class":214},[61,8638,8583],{"class":218},[61,8640,215],{"class":214},[61,8642,120],{"class":75},[14,8644,8645],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8647,1750,8648,8650],{},[18,8649,4045],{}," is still helpful when:",[34,8652,8653,8656,8664],{},[37,8654,8655],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[37,8657,8658,8659,1881,8661,8663],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8660,3837],{},[18,8662,3907],{}," value",[37,8665,8666],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8668,8669,8670,26],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[334,8671,8672],{"href":2544},"Python type() function explained",[47,8674,1741],{"id":1740},[14,8676,8677,8678,26],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8679,4045],{},[819,8681,1864,8683,8685,8686],{"id":8682},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[18,8684,8358],{}," to return ",[18,8687,3907],{},[14,8689,8690],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[52,8692,8693],{"className":54,"code":7949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8694,8695],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8696,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8698,127],{"class":126},[61,8700,113],{"class":75},[61,8702,4098],{"class":109},[61,8704,113],{"class":75},[61,8706,215],{"class":214},[61,8708,3907],{"class":218},[61,8710,215],{"class":214},[61,8712,480],{"class":75},[14,8714,139],{},[52,8716,8717],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8718,8719],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8720,8721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8722,1524],{"class":1523},[14,8724,8725,8726,6910],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8727,6909],{},[14,8729,8730],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[52,8732,8734],{"className":54,"code":8733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8735,8736,8748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8737,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8739,1766],{"class":67},[61,8741,72],{"class":71},[61,8743,226],{"class":214},[61,8745,3907],{"class":218},[61,8747,1043],{"class":214},[61,8749,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8751,127],{"class":126},[61,8753,113],{"class":75},[61,8755,1766],{"class":116},[61,8757,4916],{"class":71},[61,8759,226],{"class":214},[61,8761,3837],{"class":218},[61,8763,215],{"class":214},[61,8765,120],{"class":75},[14,8767,139],{},[52,8769,8770],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,8771,8772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8773,8774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8775,1529],{"class":1523},[819,8777,8779],{"id":8778},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8781,8782,8784],{},[18,8783,3197],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[52,8786,8788],{"className":54,"code":8787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8789,8790,8809],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8791,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8802,8805,8807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8793,1766],{"class":67},[61,8795,72],{"class":71},[61,8797,8472],{"class":126},[61,8799,113],{"class":75},[61,8801,215],{"class":214},[61,8803,8804],{"class":218},"Enter yes or no: ",[61,8806,215],{"class":214},[61,8808,120],{"class":75},[61,8810,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8812,127],{"class":126},[61,8814,113],{"class":75},[61,8816,4098],{"class":109},[61,8818,113],{"class":75},[61,8820,1783],{"class":116},[61,8822,480],{"class":75},[14,8824,8501,8825,8828,8829,8831,8832,8509],{},[18,8826,8827],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8830,3837],{}," because ",[18,8833,8834],{},"\"no\"",[14,8836,8837],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[52,8839,8841],{"className":54,"code":8840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8842,8843,8873],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8844,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8862,8865,8868,8871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8846,1766],{"class":67},[61,8848,72],{"class":71},[61,8850,8472],{"class":126},[61,8852,113],{"class":75},[61,8854,215],{"class":214},[61,8856,8804],{"class":218},[61,8858,215],{"class":214},[61,8860,8861],{"class":75},").",[61,8863,8864],{"class":116},"strip",[61,8866,8867],{"class":75},"().",[61,8869,8870],{"class":116},"lower",[61,8872,628],{"class":75},[61,8874,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8888,8890],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8876,127],{"class":126},[61,8878,113],{"class":75},[61,8880,1766],{"class":116},[61,8882,4916],{"class":71},[61,8884,226],{"class":214},[61,8886,8887],{"class":218},"yes",[61,8889,215],{"class":214},[61,8891,120],{"class":75},[14,8893,8894,8895,8897,8898,26],{},"This gives ",[18,8896,3837],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8899,8887],{},[819,8901,8903],{"id":8902},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8905,8906],{},"These are different:",[34,8908,8909,8913,8917,8921,8925],{},[37,8910,8911],{},[18,8912,3907],{},[37,8914,8915],{},[18,8916,582],{},[37,8918,8919],{},[18,8920,6500],{},[37,8922,8923],{},[18,8924,4021],{},[37,8926,8927],{},[18,8928,4012],{},[14,8930,8931,8932,1877,8934,8936],{},"They all become ",[18,8933,3907],{},[18,8935,4045],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8938,8939],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[52,8941,8943],{"className":54,"code":8942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8944,8945,8953,8967],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8946,8947,8949,8951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8948,1766],{"class":67},[61,8950,72],{"class":71},[61,8952,8068],{"class":75},[61,8954,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,8956,127],{"class":126},[61,8958,113],{"class":75},[61,8960,648],{"class":109},[61,8962,113],{"class":75},[61,8964,1783],{"class":116},[61,8966,480],{"class":75},[61,8968,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,8970,127],{"class":126},[61,8972,113],{"class":75},[61,8974,4098],{"class":109},[61,8976,113],{"class":75},[61,8978,1783],{"class":116},[61,8980,480],{"class":75},[14,8982,139],{},[52,8984,8986],{"className":54,"code":8985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8987,8988,9002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,8991,672],{"class":71},[61,8993,676],{"class":675},[61,8995,308],{"class":214},[61,8997,383],{"class":218},[61,8999,299],{"class":214},[61,9001,685],{"class":71},[61,9003,9004],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9005,1529],{"class":1523},[819,9007,1750,9009,9011],{"id":9008},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,9010,700],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9013,9014,9015,9017],{},"In Python, ",[18,9016,700],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[52,9019,9021],{"className":54,"code":9020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type({}))\n",[18,9022,9023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9024,9025,9027,9029,9031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9026,127],{"class":126},[61,9028,113],{"class":75},[61,9030,648],{"class":109},[61,9032,7688],{"class":75},[14,9034,139],{},[52,9036,9037],{"className":54,"code":1701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,9038,9039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9040,9041,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9042,672],{"class":71},[61,9044,676],{"class":675},[61,9046,308],{"class":214},[61,9048,799],{"class":218},[61,9050,299],{"class":214},[61,9052,685],{"class":71},[14,9054,9055],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[52,9057,9059],{"className":54,"code":9058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,9060,9061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9062,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9064,127],{"class":126},[61,9066,113],{"class":75},[61,9068,648],{"class":109},[61,9070,113],{"class":75},[61,9072,354],{"class":109},[61,9074,6517],{"class":75},[14,9076,139],{},[52,9078,9079],{"className":54,"code":1579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,9080,9081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9082,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9084,672],{"class":71},[61,9086,676],{"class":675},[61,9088,308],{"class":214},[61,9090,354],{"class":218},[61,9092,299],{"class":214},[61,9094,685],{"class":71},[47,9096,9098],{"id":9097},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9100,9101,9102,9104],{},"If ",[18,9103,4045],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[52,9106,9108],{"className":54,"code":9107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,9109,9110,9124,9138,9148,9166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9113,127],{"class":126},[61,9115,113],{"class":75},[61,9117,4098],{"class":109},[61,9119,113],{"class":75},[61,9121,1783],{"class":116},[61,9123,480],{"class":75},[61,9125,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9127,127],{"class":126},[61,9129,113],{"class":75},[61,9131,648],{"class":109},[61,9133,113],{"class":75},[61,9135,1783],{"class":116},[61,9137,480],{"class":75},[61,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,9141,127],{"class":126},[61,9143,113],{"class":75},[61,9145,1783],{"class":116},[61,9147,120],{"class":75},[61,9149,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,9151,127],{"class":126},[61,9153,113],{"class":75},[61,9155,1766],{"class":116},[61,9157,4916],{"class":71},[61,9159,226],{"class":214},[61,9161,3837],{"class":218},[61,9163,215],{"class":214},[61,9165,120],{"class":75},[61,9167,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,9169,127],{"class":126},[61,9171,113],{"class":75},[61,9173,1783],{"class":116},[61,9175,26],{"class":75},[61,9177,8864],{"class":116},[61,9179,8867],{"class":75},[61,9181,8870],{"class":116},[61,9183,7424],{"class":75},[14,9185,9186],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[34,9188,9189,9192,9195,9198],{},[37,9190,9191],{},"what the value really is",[37,9193,9194],{},"whether it is a string",[37,9196,9197],{},"whether it contains spaces",[37,9199,9200],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9202,9203,9204,26],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[334,9205,9207],{"href":9206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[47,9209,1987],{"id":1986},[819,9211,9213],{"id":9212},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9215,9216,9217,1881,9219,26],{},"It returns either ",[18,9218,3837],{},[18,9220,3907],{},[819,9222,9224],{"id":9223},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9226,5377,9227,26],{},[18,9228,3907],{},[819,9230,9232],{"id":9231},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9234,9235,9236,26],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,9237,3837],{},[819,9239,9241],{"id":9240},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9243,9244,9245,26],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9246,3907],{},[819,9248,9250],{"id":9249},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9252,9253,9254,1881,9256,3971],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9255,3837],{},[18,9257,3907],{},[47,9259,2144],{"id":2143},[34,9261,9262,9267,9271,9276,9280,9285],{},[37,9263,9264],{},[334,9265,9266],{"href":6005},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[37,9268,9269],{},[334,9270,8339],{"href":8338},[37,9272,9273],{},[334,9274,9275],{"href":8449},"Python input() function explained",[37,9277,9278],{},[334,9279,8672],{"href":2544},[37,9281,9282],{},[334,9283,9284],{"href":9206},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[37,9286,9287],{},[334,9288,9289],{"href":7440},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2169,9291,9292],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":9294},[9295,9296,9297,9298,9299,9300,9306,9312,9313,9321,9322,9329],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":7377,"depth":101,"text":7378},{"id":7444,"depth":101,"text":7445},{"id":7563,"depth":101,"text":7564},{"id":7758,"depth":101,"text":7759},{"id":7990,"depth":101,"text":7991,"children":9301},[9302,9303,9304,9305],{"id":8000,"depth":123,"text":8001},{"id":8095,"depth":123,"text":8096},{"id":8180,"depth":123,"text":8181},{"id":8253,"depth":123,"text":8254},{"id":8342,"depth":101,"text":8343,"children":9307},[9308,9310],{"id":8355,"depth":123,"text":9309},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8395,"depth":123,"text":9311},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8512,"depth":101,"text":8513},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":9314},[9315,9317,9318,9319],{"id":8682,"depth":123,"text":9316},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8778,"depth":123,"text":8779},{"id":8902,"depth":123,"text":8903},{"id":9008,"depth":123,"text":9320},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9097,"depth":101,"text":9098},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":9323},[9324,9325,9326,9327,9328],{"id":9212,"depth":123,"text":9213},{"id":9223,"depth":123,"text":9224},{"id":9231,"depth":123,"text":9232},{"id":9240,"depth":123,"text":9241},{"id":9249,"depth":123,"text":9250},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7204,"description":9330},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9337,"title":9338,"body":9339,"description":11524,"extension":2216,"meta":11525,"navigation":271,"path":11526,"seo":11527,"stem":11528,"__hash__":11529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9340,"toc":11486},[9341,9346,9351,9358,9363,9374,9381,9488,9492,9559,9564,9569,9574,9577,9588,9593,9596,9607,9614,9616,9621,9625,9650,9654,9663,9667,9730,9734,9767,9771,9816,9820,9857,9861,9864,9920,9924,9970,9973,9978,10017,10021,10044,10047,10060,10073,10077,10082,10149,10153,10189,10192,10200,10203,10267,10271,10303,10309,10311,10371,10378,10381,10459,10463,10496,10500,10503,10547,10551,10587,10590,10607,10610,10613,10666,10669,10680,10687,10696,10699,10756,10760,10801,10809,10817,10822,10830,10842,10847,10858,10931,10934,10946,10962,10966,10971,10975,10977,11020,11026,11029,11092,11096,11099,11108,11113,11150,11154,11157,11165,11168,11207,11211,11214,11265,11269,11290,11297,11299,11305,11332,11334,11388,11391,11402,11404,11411,11419,11425,11430,11437,11440,11447,11454,11456,11483],[10,9342,3808,9344,3812],{"id":9343},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9345,1884],{},[14,9347,16,9348,9350],{},[18,9349,1884],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9352,9353,9354,9357],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[23,9355,9356],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9359,9360,9362],{},[18,9361,1884],{}," is commonly used to:",[34,9364,9365,9368,9371],{},[37,9366,9367],{},"create an empty dictionary",[37,9369,9370],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[37,9372,9373],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9375,9376,9377,26],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[334,9378,9380],{"href":9379},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[52,9382,9384],{"className":54,"code":9383,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9385,9386,9421,9432,9436,9473],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9387,9388,9391,9393,9396,9398,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9414,9416,9419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9389,9390],{"class":67},"data ",[61,9392,72],{"class":71},[61,9394,9395],{"class":109}," dict",[61,9397,113],{"class":75},[61,9399,7899],{"class":9400},"s99_P",[61,9402,72],{"class":71},[61,9404,299],{"class":214},[61,9406,5232],{"class":218},[61,9408,299],{"class":214},[61,9410,83],{"class":75},[61,9412,9413],{"class":9400}," age",[61,9415,72],{"class":71},[61,9417,9418],{"class":79},"25",[61,9420,120],{"class":75},[61,9422,9423,9425,9427,9430],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9424,127],{"class":126},[61,9426,113],{"class":75},[61,9428,9429],{"class":116},"data",[61,9431,120],{"class":75},[61,9433,9434],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,9435,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,9437,9438,9441,9443,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,9439,9440],{"class":67},"pairs ",[61,9442,72],{"class":71},[61,9444,9445],{"class":75}," [(",[61,9447,299],{"class":214},[61,9449,334],{"class":218},[61,9451,299],{"class":214},[61,9453,83],{"class":75},[61,9455,587],{"class":79},[61,9457,1362],{"class":75},[61,9459,942],{"class":75},[61,9461,299],{"class":214},[61,9463,765],{"class":218},[61,9465,299],{"class":214},[61,9467,83],{"class":75},[61,9469,86],{"class":79},[61,9471,9472],{"class":75},")]\n",[61,9474,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9486],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,9476,127],{"class":126},[61,9478,113],{"class":75},[61,9480,799],{"class":109},[61,9482,113],{"class":75},[61,9484,9485],{"class":116},"pairs",[61,9487,480],{"class":75},[14,9489,9490],{},[23,9491,139],{},[52,9493,9495],{"className":54,"code":9494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9496,9497,9531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9498,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517,9519,9522,9524,9526,9529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9500,149],{"class":75},[61,9502,299],{"class":214},[61,9504,7899],{"class":218},[61,9506,299],{"class":214},[61,9508,378],{"class":75},[61,9510,308],{"class":214},[61,9512,5232],{"class":218},[61,9514,299],{"class":214},[61,9516,83],{"class":75},[61,9518,308],{"class":214},[61,9520,9521],{"class":218},"age",[61,9523,299],{"class":214},[61,9525,378],{"class":75},[61,9527,9528],{"class":79}," 25",[61,9530,162],{"class":75},[61,9532,9533,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9534,149],{"class":75},[61,9536,299],{"class":214},[61,9538,334],{"class":218},[61,9540,299],{"class":214},[61,9542,378],{"class":75},[61,9544,587],{"class":79},[61,9546,83],{"class":75},[61,9548,308],{"class":214},[61,9550,765],{"class":218},[61,9552,299],{"class":214},[61,9554,378],{"class":75},[61,9556,86],{"class":79},[61,9558,162],{"class":75},[14,9560,165,9561,9563],{},[18,9562,1884],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[47,9565,3911,9567,3914],{"id":9566},"what-dict-does",[18,9568,1884],{},[14,9570,9571,9573],{},[18,9572,1884],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9575,9576],{},"A dictionary:",[34,9578,9579,9582,9585],{},[37,9580,9581],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[37,9583,9584],{},"lets you look up values by key",[37,9586,9587],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9589,9590,9592],{},[18,9591,1884],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9594,9595],{},"Common uses include:",[34,9597,9598,9601,9604],{},[37,9599,9600],{},"making an empty dictionary",[37,9602,9603],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[37,9605,9606],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9608,9609,9610,26],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[334,9611,9613],{"href":9612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[47,9615,341],{"id":340},[14,9617,9618,9620],{},[18,9619,1884],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[819,9622,9624],{"id":9623},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[52,9626,9628],{"className":54,"code":9627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9629,9630,9640],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9631,9632,9634,9636,9638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9633,9390],{"class":67},[61,9635,72],{"class":71},[61,9637,9395],{"class":109},[61,9639,628],{"class":75},[61,9641,9642,9644,9646,9648],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9643,127],{"class":126},[61,9645,113],{"class":75},[61,9647,9429],{"class":116},[61,9649,120],{"class":75},[14,9651,9652],{},[23,9653,139],{},[52,9655,9657],{"className":54,"code":9656,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n",[18,9658,9659],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9660,9661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9662,9656],{"class":75},[819,9664,9666],{"id":9665},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[52,9668,9670],{"className":54,"code":9669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9671,9672,9706,9720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9673,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9675,9440],{"class":67},[61,9677,72],{"class":71},[61,9679,9445],{"class":75},[61,9681,299],{"class":214},[61,9683,334],{"class":218},[61,9685,299],{"class":214},[61,9687,83],{"class":75},[61,9689,587],{"class":79},[61,9691,1362],{"class":75},[61,9693,942],{"class":75},[61,9695,299],{"class":214},[61,9697,765],{"class":218},[61,9699,299],{"class":214},[61,9701,83],{"class":75},[61,9703,86],{"class":79},[61,9705,9472],{"class":75},[61,9707,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9709,9390],{"class":67},[61,9711,72],{"class":71},[61,9713,9395],{"class":109},[61,9715,113],{"class":75},[61,9717,9485],{"class":116},[61,9719,120],{"class":75},[61,9721,9722,9724,9726,9728],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,9723,127],{"class":126},[61,9725,113],{"class":75},[61,9727,9429],{"class":116},[61,9729,120],{"class":75},[14,9731,9732],{},[23,9733,139],{},[52,9735,9737],{"className":54,"code":9736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9738,9739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9740,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9742,149],{"class":75},[61,9744,299],{"class":214},[61,9746,334],{"class":218},[61,9748,299],{"class":214},[61,9750,378],{"class":75},[61,9752,587],{"class":79},[61,9754,83],{"class":75},[61,9756,308],{"class":214},[61,9758,765],{"class":218},[61,9760,299],{"class":214},[61,9762,378],{"class":75},[61,9764,86],{"class":79},[61,9766,162],{"class":75},[819,9768,9770],{"id":9769},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[52,9772,9774],{"className":54,"code":9773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9775,9776,9806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9777,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9779,9390],{"class":67},[61,9781,72],{"class":71},[61,9783,9395],{"class":109},[61,9785,113],{"class":75},[61,9787,7899],{"class":9400},[61,9789,72],{"class":71},[61,9791,299],{"class":214},[61,9793,5232],{"class":218},[61,9795,299],{"class":214},[61,9797,83],{"class":75},[61,9799,9413],{"class":9400},[61,9801,72],{"class":71},[61,9803,9418],{"class":79},[61,9805,120],{"class":75},[61,9807,9808,9810,9812,9814],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9809,127],{"class":126},[61,9811,113],{"class":75},[61,9813,9429],{"class":116},[61,9815,120],{"class":75},[14,9817,9818],{},[23,9819,139],{},[52,9821,9823],{"className":54,"code":9822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9824,9825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9828,149],{"class":75},[61,9830,299],{"class":214},[61,9832,7899],{"class":218},[61,9834,299],{"class":214},[61,9836,378],{"class":75},[61,9838,308],{"class":214},[61,9840,5232],{"class":218},[61,9842,299],{"class":214},[61,9844,83],{"class":75},[61,9846,308],{"class":214},[61,9848,9521],{"class":218},[61,9850,299],{"class":214},[61,9852,378],{"class":75},[61,9854,9528],{"class":79},[61,9856,162],{"class":75},[819,9858,9860],{"id":9859},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9862,9863],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[52,9865,9867],{"className":54,"code":9866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9868,9869,9910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9870,9871,9873,9875,9877,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9904,9906,9908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9872,9390],{"class":67},[61,9874,72],{"class":71},[61,9876,9395],{"class":109},[61,9878,9879],{"class":75},"([(",[61,9881,299],{"class":214},[61,9883,334],{"class":218},[61,9885,299],{"class":214},[61,9887,83],{"class":75},[61,9889,587],{"class":79},[61,9891,9892],{"class":75},")],",[61,9894,2801],{"class":9400},[61,9896,72],{"class":71},[61,9898,2310],{"class":79},[61,9900,83],{"class":75},[61,9902,9903],{"class":9400}," c",[61,9905,72],{"class":71},[61,9907,1321],{"class":79},[61,9909,120],{"class":75},[61,9911,9912,9914,9916,9918],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9913,127],{"class":126},[61,9915,113],{"class":75},[61,9917,9429],{"class":116},[61,9919,120],{"class":75},[14,9921,9922],{},[23,9923,139],{},[52,9925,9927],{"className":54,"code":9926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9928,9929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9962,9964,9966,9968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9932,149],{"class":75},[61,9934,299],{"class":214},[61,9936,334],{"class":218},[61,9938,299],{"class":214},[61,9940,378],{"class":75},[61,9942,587],{"class":79},[61,9944,83],{"class":75},[61,9946,308],{"class":214},[61,9948,765],{"class":218},[61,9950,299],{"class":214},[61,9952,378],{"class":75},[61,9954,86],{"class":79},[61,9956,83],{"class":75},[61,9958,308],{"class":214},[61,9960,9961],{"class":218},"c",[61,9963,299],{"class":214},[61,9965,378],{"class":75},[61,9967,95],{"class":79},[61,9969,162],{"class":75},[47,9971,9624],{"id":9972},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9974,165,9975,9977],{},[18,9976,1884],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[52,9979,9981],{"className":54,"code":9980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9982,9983,9993,10007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,9984,9985,9987,9989,9991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,9986,9390],{"class":67},[61,9988,72],{"class":71},[61,9990,9395],{"class":109},[61,9992,628],{"class":75},[61,9994,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,9996,127],{"class":126},[61,9998,113],{"class":75},[61,10000,648],{"class":109},[61,10002,113],{"class":75},[61,10004,9429],{"class":116},[61,10006,480],{"class":75},[61,10008,10009,10011,10013,10015],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,10010,127],{"class":126},[61,10012,113],{"class":75},[61,10014,9429],{"class":116},[61,10016,120],{"class":75},[14,10018,10019],{},[23,10020,139],{},[52,10022,10024],{"className":54,"code":10023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,10025,10026,10040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10027,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10029,672],{"class":71},[61,10031,676],{"class":675},[61,10033,308],{"class":214},[61,10035,799],{"class":218},[61,10037,299],{"class":214},[61,10039,685],{"class":71},[61,10041,10042],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10043,9656],{"class":75},[14,10045,10046],{},"This gives the same result as:",[52,10048,10050],{"className":54,"code":10049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n",[18,10051,10052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10053,10054,10056,10058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10055,9390],{"class":67},[61,10057,72],{"class":71},[61,10059,733],{"class":75},[14,10061,10062,10063,10065,10066,10069,10070,10072],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,10064,700],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10067,10068],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,10071,1884],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[47,10074,10076],{"id":10075},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10078,10079,10080,26],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,10081,1884],{},[52,10083,10085],{"className":54,"code":10084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10086,10087,10125,10139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10088,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10090,9440],{"class":67},[61,10092,72],{"class":71},[61,10094,9445],{"class":75},[61,10096,299],{"class":214},[61,10098,7899],{"class":218},[61,10100,299],{"class":214},[61,10102,83],{"class":75},[61,10104,308],{"class":214},[61,10106,5232],{"class":218},[61,10108,299],{"class":214},[61,10110,1362],{"class":75},[61,10112,942],{"class":75},[61,10114,299],{"class":214},[61,10116,9521],{"class":218},[61,10118,299],{"class":214},[61,10120,83],{"class":75},[61,10122,9528],{"class":79},[61,10124,9472],{"class":75},[61,10126,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10128,9390],{"class":67},[61,10130,72],{"class":71},[61,10132,9395],{"class":109},[61,10134,113],{"class":75},[61,10136,9485],{"class":116},[61,10138,120],{"class":75},[61,10140,10141,10143,10145,10147],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,10142,127],{"class":126},[61,10144,113],{"class":75},[61,10146,9429],{"class":116},[61,10148,120],{"class":75},[14,10150,10151],{},[23,10152,139],{},[52,10154,10155],{"className":54,"code":9822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10156,10157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10158,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10160,149],{"class":75},[61,10162,299],{"class":214},[61,10164,7899],{"class":218},[61,10166,299],{"class":214},[61,10168,378],{"class":75},[61,10170,308],{"class":214},[61,10172,5232],{"class":218},[61,10174,299],{"class":214},[61,10176,83],{"class":75},[61,10178,308],{"class":214},[61,10180,9521],{"class":218},[61,10182,299],{"class":214},[61,10184,378],{"class":75},[61,10186,9528],{"class":79},[61,10188,162],{"class":75},[14,10190,10191],{},"Each pair becomes:",[34,10193,10194,10197],{},[37,10195,10196],{},"the first item as the key",[37,10198,10199],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10201,10202],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[52,10204,10206],{"className":54,"code":10205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10207,10208,10243,10257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10209,10210,10212,10214,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10211,9440],{"class":67},[61,10213,72],{"class":71},[61,10215,10216],{"class":75}," ((",[61,10218,299],{"class":214},[61,10220,334],{"class":218},[61,10222,299],{"class":214},[61,10224,83],{"class":75},[61,10226,587],{"class":79},[61,10228,1362],{"class":75},[61,10230,942],{"class":75},[61,10232,299],{"class":214},[61,10234,765],{"class":218},[61,10236,299],{"class":214},[61,10238,83],{"class":75},[61,10240,86],{"class":79},[61,10242,480],{"class":75},[61,10244,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10246,9390],{"class":67},[61,10248,72],{"class":71},[61,10250,9395],{"class":109},[61,10252,113],{"class":75},[61,10254,9485],{"class":116},[61,10256,120],{"class":75},[61,10258,10259,10261,10263,10265],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,10260,127],{"class":126},[61,10262,113],{"class":75},[61,10264,9429],{"class":116},[61,10266,120],{"class":75},[14,10268,10269],{},[23,10270,139],{},[52,10272,10273],{"className":54,"code":9736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10274,10275],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10276,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10278,149],{"class":75},[61,10280,299],{"class":214},[61,10282,334],{"class":218},[61,10284,299],{"class":214},[61,10286,378],{"class":75},[61,10288,587],{"class":79},[61,10290,83],{"class":75},[61,10292,308],{"class":214},[61,10294,765],{"class":218},[61,10296,299],{"class":214},[61,10298,378],{"class":75},[61,10300,86],{"class":79},[61,10302,162],{"class":75},[14,10304,10305,10306,26],{},"Each item must contain ",[23,10307,10308],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10310,3077],{},[52,10312,10314],{"className":54,"code":10313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10315,10316,10356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10317,10318,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10319,10320],{"class":67},"bad_data ",[61,10322,72],{"class":71},[61,10324,9445],{"class":75},[61,10326,299],{"class":214},[61,10328,334],{"class":218},[61,10330,299],{"class":214},[61,10332,83],{"class":75},[61,10334,587],{"class":79},[61,10336,83],{"class":75},[61,10338,10339],{"class":79}," 100",[61,10341,1362],{"class":75},[61,10343,942],{"class":75},[61,10345,299],{"class":214},[61,10347,765],{"class":218},[61,10349,299],{"class":214},[61,10351,83],{"class":75},[61,10353,86],{"class":79},[61,10355,9472],{"class":75},[61,10357,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10369],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10359,869],{"class":67},[61,10361,72],{"class":71},[61,10363,9395],{"class":109},[61,10365,113],{"class":75},[61,10367,10368],{"class":116},"bad_data",[61,10370,120],{"class":75},[14,10372,10373,10374,10377],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10375,10376],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10379,10380],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[52,10382,10384],{"className":54,"code":10383,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10385,10386,10435,10449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10387,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10389,9440],{"class":67},[61,10391,72],{"class":71},[61,10393,9445],{"class":75},[61,10395,299],{"class":214},[61,10397,334],{"class":218},[61,10399,299],{"class":214},[61,10401,83],{"class":75},[61,10403,587],{"class":79},[61,10405,1362],{"class":75},[61,10407,942],{"class":75},[61,10409,299],{"class":214},[61,10411,334],{"class":218},[61,10413,299],{"class":214},[61,10415,83],{"class":75},[61,10417,10418],{"class":79}," 99",[61,10420,1362],{"class":75},[61,10422,942],{"class":75},[61,10424,299],{"class":214},[61,10426,765],{"class":218},[61,10428,299],{"class":214},[61,10430,83],{"class":75},[61,10432,86],{"class":79},[61,10434,9472],{"class":75},[61,10436,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10438,9390],{"class":67},[61,10440,72],{"class":71},[61,10442,9395],{"class":109},[61,10444,113],{"class":75},[61,10446,9485],{"class":116},[61,10448,120],{"class":75},[61,10450,10451,10453,10455,10457],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,10452,127],{"class":126},[61,10454,113],{"class":75},[61,10456,9429],{"class":116},[61,10458,120],{"class":75},[14,10460,10461],{},[23,10462,139],{},[52,10464,10466],{"className":54,"code":10465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10467,10468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10469,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10471,149],{"class":75},[61,10473,299],{"class":214},[61,10475,334],{"class":218},[61,10477,299],{"class":214},[61,10479,378],{"class":75},[61,10481,10418],{"class":79},[61,10483,83],{"class":75},[61,10485,308],{"class":214},[61,10487,765],{"class":218},[61,10489,299],{"class":214},[61,10491,378],{"class":75},[61,10493,86],{"class":79},[61,10495,162],{"class":75},[47,10497,10499],{"id":10498},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10501,10502],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[52,10504,10505],{"className":54,"code":9773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10506,10507,10537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10508,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10510,9390],{"class":67},[61,10512,72],{"class":71},[61,10514,9395],{"class":109},[61,10516,113],{"class":75},[61,10518,7899],{"class":9400},[61,10520,72],{"class":71},[61,10522,299],{"class":214},[61,10524,5232],{"class":218},[61,10526,299],{"class":214},[61,10528,83],{"class":75},[61,10530,9413],{"class":9400},[61,10532,72],{"class":71},[61,10534,9418],{"class":79},[61,10536,120],{"class":75},[61,10538,10539,10541,10543,10545],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10540,127],{"class":126},[61,10542,113],{"class":75},[61,10544,9429],{"class":116},[61,10546,120],{"class":75},[14,10548,10549],{},[23,10550,139],{},[52,10552,10553],{"className":54,"code":9822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10554,10555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10558,149],{"class":75},[61,10560,299],{"class":214},[61,10562,7899],{"class":218},[61,10564,299],{"class":214},[61,10566,378],{"class":75},[61,10568,308],{"class":214},[61,10570,5232],{"class":218},[61,10572,299],{"class":214},[61,10574,83],{"class":75},[61,10576,308],{"class":214},[61,10578,9521],{"class":218},[61,10580,299],{"class":214},[61,10582,378],{"class":75},[61,10584,9528],{"class":79},[61,10586,162],{"class":75},[14,10588,10589],{},"In this form:",[34,10591,10592,10600],{},[37,10593,10594,10596,10597],{},[18,10595,7899],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10598,10599],{},"'name'",[37,10601,10602,10596,10604],{},[18,10603,9521],{},[18,10605,10606],{},"'age'",[14,10608,10609],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10611,10612],{},"Valid examples:",[52,10614,10616],{"className":54,"code":10615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10617,10618,10656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10619,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10631,10633,10635,10638,10640,10642,10645,10647,10649,10652,10654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10621,9390],{"class":67},[61,10623,72],{"class":71},[61,10625,9395],{"class":109},[61,10627,113],{"class":75},[61,10629,10630],{"class":9400},"city",[61,10632,72],{"class":71},[61,10634,299],{"class":214},[61,10636,10637],{"class":218},"Paris",[61,10639,299],{"class":214},[61,10641,83],{"class":75},[61,10643,10644],{"class":9400}," country",[61,10646,72],{"class":71},[61,10648,299],{"class":214},[61,10650,10651],{"class":218},"France",[61,10653,299],{"class":214},[61,10655,120],{"class":75},[61,10657,10658,10660,10662,10664],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10659,127],{"class":126},[61,10661,113],{"class":75},[61,10663,9429],{"class":116},[61,10665,120],{"class":75},[14,10667,10668],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[34,10670,10671,10674,10677],{},[37,10672,10673],{},"spaces",[37,10675,10676],{},"hyphens",[37,10678,10679],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10681,10682,10683,10686],{},"For example, this is ",[23,10684,10685],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[52,10688,10690],{"className":54,"code":10689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10691,10692],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10693,10694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10695,10689],{"class":3896},[14,10697,10698],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[52,10700,10702],{"className":54,"code":10701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10703,10704,10746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10705,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10707,9390],{"class":67},[61,10709,72],{"class":71},[61,10711,1235],{"class":75},[61,10713,299],{"class":214},[61,10715,10716],{"class":218},"first-name",[61,10718,299],{"class":214},[61,10720,378],{"class":75},[61,10722,308],{"class":214},[61,10724,7908],{"class":218},[61,10726,299],{"class":214},[61,10728,83],{"class":75},[61,10730,308],{"class":214},[61,10732,10733],{"class":218},"first name",[61,10735,299],{"class":214},[61,10737,378],{"class":75},[61,10739,308],{"class":214},[61,10741,7908],{"class":218},[61,10743,299],{"class":214},[61,10745,162],{"class":75},[61,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10749,127],{"class":126},[61,10751,113],{"class":75},[61,10753,9429],{"class":116},[61,10755,120],{"class":75},[14,10757,10758],{},[23,10759,139],{},[52,10761,10763],{"className":54,"code":10762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10764,10765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10766,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10768,149],{"class":75},[61,10770,299],{"class":214},[61,10772,10716],{"class":218},[61,10774,299],{"class":214},[61,10776,378],{"class":75},[61,10778,308],{"class":214},[61,10780,7908],{"class":218},[61,10782,299],{"class":214},[61,10784,83],{"class":75},[61,10786,308],{"class":214},[61,10788,10733],{"class":218},[61,10790,299],{"class":214},[61,10792,378],{"class":75},[61,10794,308],{"class":214},[61,10796,7908],{"class":218},[61,10798,299],{"class":214},[61,10800,162],{"class":75},[47,10802,10804,10806,10807],{"id":10803},"dict-vs",[18,10805,1884],{}," vs ",[18,10808,700],{},[14,10810,10811,10812,4621,10814,10816],{},"Both ",[18,10813,1884],{},[18,10815,700],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[819,10818,165,10820,1422],{"id":10819},"use-when",[18,10821,700],{},[34,10823,10824,10827],{},[37,10825,10826],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[37,10828,10829],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[52,10831,10832],{"className":54,"code":10049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,10833,10834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10835,10836,10838,10840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10837,9390],{"class":67},[61,10839,72],{"class":71},[61,10841,733],{"class":75},[819,10843,165,10845,1422],{"id":10844},"use-dict-when",[18,10846,1884],{},[34,10848,10849,10852,10855],{},[37,10850,10851],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[37,10853,10854],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[37,10856,10857],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[52,10859,10861],{"className":54,"code":10860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10862,10863,10900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10864,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10866,9390],{"class":67},[61,10868,72],{"class":71},[61,10870,9395],{"class":109},[61,10872,9879],{"class":75},[61,10874,299],{"class":214},[61,10876,334],{"class":218},[61,10878,299],{"class":214},[61,10880,83],{"class":75},[61,10882,587],{"class":79},[61,10884,1362],{"class":75},[61,10886,942],{"class":75},[61,10888,299],{"class":214},[61,10890,765],{"class":218},[61,10892,299],{"class":214},[61,10894,83],{"class":75},[61,10896,86],{"class":79},[61,10898,10899],{"class":75},")])\n",[61,10901,10902,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,10903,10904],{"class":67},"info ",[61,10906,72],{"class":71},[61,10908,9395],{"class":109},[61,10910,113],{"class":75},[61,10912,7899],{"class":9400},[61,10914,72],{"class":71},[61,10916,299],{"class":214},[61,10918,5232],{"class":218},[61,10920,299],{"class":214},[61,10922,83],{"class":75},[61,10924,9413],{"class":9400},[61,10926,72],{"class":71},[61,10928,9418],{"class":79},[61,10930,120],{"class":75},[14,10932,10933],{},"So:",[34,10935,10936,10941],{},[37,10937,10938,10940],{},[18,10939,700],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[37,10942,10943,10945],{},[18,10944,1884],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10947,10948,10949,10953,10954,26],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[334,10950,10952],{"href":10951},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[334,10955,10957,10958,10961],{"href":10956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10959,10960],{},"get()"," method",[47,10963,10965],{"id":10964},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10967,10968,10969,26],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10970,1884],{},[819,10972,10974],{"id":10973},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10976,4754],{},[52,10978,10980],{"className":54,"code":10979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10981,10982,11006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,10983,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,10985,1230],{"class":67},[61,10987,72],{"class":71},[61,10989,76],{"class":75},[61,10991,299],{"class":214},[61,10993,334],{"class":218},[61,10995,299],{"class":214},[61,10997,83],{"class":75},[61,10999,308],{"class":214},[61,11001,765],{"class":218},[61,11003,299],{"class":214},[61,11005,98],{"class":75},[61,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11009,9390],{"class":67},[61,11011,72],{"class":71},[61,11013,9395],{"class":109},[61,11015,113],{"class":75},[61,11017,1267],{"class":116},[61,11019,120],{"class":75},[14,11021,11022,11023,26],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,11024,11025],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11027,11028],{},"Correct version:",[52,11030,11032],{"className":54,"code":11031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,11033,11034,11068,11082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11035,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11037,1230],{"class":67},[61,11039,72],{"class":71},[61,11041,9445],{"class":75},[61,11043,299],{"class":214},[61,11045,334],{"class":218},[61,11047,299],{"class":214},[61,11049,83],{"class":75},[61,11051,587],{"class":79},[61,11053,1362],{"class":75},[61,11055,942],{"class":75},[61,11057,299],{"class":214},[61,11059,765],{"class":218},[61,11061,299],{"class":214},[61,11063,83],{"class":75},[61,11065,86],{"class":79},[61,11067,9472],{"class":75},[61,11069,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078,11080],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11071,9390],{"class":67},[61,11073,72],{"class":71},[61,11075,9395],{"class":109},[61,11077,113],{"class":75},[61,11079,1267],{"class":116},[61,11081,120],{"class":75},[61,11083,11084,11086,11088,11090],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,11085,127],{"class":126},[61,11087,113],{"class":75},[61,11089,9429],{"class":116},[61,11091,120],{"class":75},[819,11093,11095],{"id":11094},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11097,11098],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[52,11100,11102],{"className":54,"code":11101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,11103,11104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11105,11106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11107,11101],{"class":3896},[14,11109,11110,11111,378],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,11112,72],{},[52,11114,11116],{"className":54,"code":11115,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11117,11118,11140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11119,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11121,9390],{"class":67},[61,11123,72],{"class":71},[61,11125,9395],{"class":109},[61,11127,113],{"class":75},[61,11129,7899],{"class":9400},[61,11131,72],{"class":71},[61,11133,299],{"class":214},[61,11135,5232],{"class":218},[61,11137,299],{"class":214},[61,11139,120],{"class":75},[61,11141,11142,11144,11146,11148],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11143,127],{"class":126},[61,11145,113],{"class":75},[61,11147,9429],{"class":116},[61,11149,120],{"class":75},[819,11151,11153],{"id":11152},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11155,11156],{},"This will not work:",[52,11158,11159],{"className":54,"code":10689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,11160,11161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11162,11163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11164,10689],{"class":3896},[14,11166,11167],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[52,11169,11171],{"className":54,"code":11170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11172,11173,11197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11174,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11176,9390],{"class":67},[61,11178,72],{"class":71},[61,11180,1235],{"class":75},[61,11182,299],{"class":214},[61,11184,10716],{"class":218},[61,11186,299],{"class":214},[61,11188,378],{"class":75},[61,11190,308],{"class":214},[61,11192,7908],{"class":218},[61,11194,299],{"class":214},[61,11196,162],{"class":75},[61,11198,11199,11201,11203,11205],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11200,127],{"class":126},[61,11202,113],{"class":75},[61,11204,9429],{"class":116},[61,11206,120],{"class":75},[819,11208,11210],{"id":11209},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11212,11213],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[52,11215,11217],{"className":54,"code":11216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11218,11219,11255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11220,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11222,9390],{"class":67},[61,11224,72],{"class":71},[61,11226,9395],{"class":109},[61,11228,9879],{"class":75},[61,11230,299],{"class":214},[61,11232,2422],{"class":218},[61,11234,299],{"class":214},[61,11236,83],{"class":75},[61,11238,587],{"class":79},[61,11240,1362],{"class":75},[61,11242,942],{"class":75},[61,11244,299],{"class":214},[61,11246,2422],{"class":218},[61,11248,299],{"class":214},[61,11250,83],{"class":75},[61,11252,86],{"class":79},[61,11254,10899],{"class":75},[61,11256,11257,11259,11261,11263],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11258,127],{"class":126},[61,11260,113],{"class":75},[61,11262,9429],{"class":116},[61,11264,120],{"class":75},[14,11266,11267],{},[23,11268,139],{},[52,11270,11272],{"className":54,"code":11271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11273,11274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11275,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11277,149],{"class":75},[61,11279,299],{"class":214},[61,11281,2422],{"class":218},[61,11283,299],{"class":214},[61,11285,378],{"class":75},[61,11287,86],{"class":79},[61,11289,162],{"class":75},[14,11291,11292,11293,26],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[334,11294,11296],{"href":11295},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[47,11298,1741],{"id":1740},[14,11300,11301,11302,11304],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11303,1884],{}," include:",[34,11306,11307,11317,11323,11326],{},[37,11308,11309,11310,11313,11314],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11311,11312],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11315,11316],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[37,11318,11319,11320],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11321,11322],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[37,11324,11325],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[37,11327,11328,11329,11331],{},"confusing ",[18,11330,1884],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11333,1894],{},[52,11335,11337],{"className":54,"code":11336,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11338,11339,11353,11363,11374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11340,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11342,127],{"class":126},[61,11344,113],{"class":75},[61,11346,648],{"class":109},[61,11348,113],{"class":75},[61,11350,9429],{"class":116},[61,11352,480],{"class":75},[61,11354,11355,11357,11359,11361],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11356,127],{"class":126},[61,11358,113],{"class":75},[61,11360,9429],{"class":116},[61,11362,120],{"class":75},[61,11364,11365,11367,11369,11372],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,11366,127],{"class":126},[61,11368,113],{"class":75},[61,11370,11371],{"class":116},"list_of_pairs",[61,11373,120],{"class":75},[61,11375,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384,11386],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,11377,127],{"class":126},[61,11379,113],{"class":75},[61,11381,1948],{"class":126},[61,11383,113],{"class":75},[61,11385,11371],{"class":116},[61,11387,480],{"class":75},[14,11389,11390],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[34,11392,11393,11396,11399],{},[37,11394,11395],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[37,11397,11398],{},"what data is being passed in",[37,11400,11401],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[47,11403,1987],{"id":1986},[819,11405,5408,11407,4621,11409,2735],{"id":11406},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11408,1884],{},[18,11410,700],{},[14,11412,11413,11415,11416,11418],{},[18,11414,700],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11417,1884],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[819,11420,5398,11422,11424],{"id":11421},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11423,1884],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11426,11427,11428,26],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11429,11316],{},[819,11431,2093,11433,11436],{"id":11432},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11434,11435],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11438,11439],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[819,11441,11443,11444,11446],{"id":11442},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11445,1884],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11448,11449,11450,11453],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11451,11452],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[47,11455,2144],{"id":2143},[34,11457,11458,11463,11467,11472,11478],{},[37,11459,11460],{},[334,11461,11462],{"href":9612},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[37,11464,11465],{},[334,11466,9380],{"href":9379},[37,11468,11469],{},[334,11470,11471],{"href":10951},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[37,11473,11474],{},[334,11475,10957,11476,10961],{"href":10956},[18,11477,10960],{},[37,11479,11480],{},[334,11481,11482],{"href":11295},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2169,11484,11485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":11487},[11488,11490,11496,11497,11498,11499,11506,11512,11513,11523],{"id":9566,"depth":101,"text":11489},"What dict() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":11491},[11492,11493,11494,11495],{"id":9623,"depth":123,"text":9624},{"id":9665,"depth":123,"text":9666},{"id":9769,"depth":123,"text":9770},{"id":9859,"depth":123,"text":9860},{"id":9972,"depth":101,"text":9624},{"id":10075,"depth":101,"text":10076},{"id":10498,"depth":101,"text":10499},{"id":10803,"depth":101,"text":11500,"children":11501},"dict() vs {}",[11502,11504],{"id":10819,"depth":123,"text":11503},"Use {} when:",{"id":10844,"depth":123,"text":11505},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10964,"depth":101,"text":10965,"children":11507},[11508,11509,11510,11511],{"id":10973,"depth":123,"text":10974},{"id":11094,"depth":123,"text":11095},{"id":11152,"depth":123,"text":11153},{"id":11209,"depth":123,"text":11210},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":11514},[11515,11517,11519,11521],{"id":11406,"depth":123,"text":11516},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11421,"depth":123,"text":11518},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11432,"depth":123,"text":11520},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11442,"depth":123,"text":11522},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9338,"description":11524},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11531,"title":11532,"body":11533,"description":13045,"extension":2216,"meta":13046,"navigation":271,"path":13047,"seo":13048,"stem":13049,"__hash__":13050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11534,"toc":13014},[11535,11543,11549,11556,11558,11619,11624,11629,11634,11652,11655,11659,11661,11677,11680,11693,11697,11700,11834,11836,11903,11906,11922,11928,11934,11937,12019,12021,12035,12039,12045,12110,12112,12120,12123,12146,12152,12215,12221,12224,12238,12251,12255,12266,12271,12282,12289,12293,12299,12421,12423,12449,12452,12469,12472,12583,12585,12634,12636,12649,12658,12663,12668,12679,12681,12784,12807,12809,12813,12832,12835,12893,12896,12922,12924,12931,12934,12940,12944,12951,12959,12965,12968,12970,13011],[10,11536,11538,11539,11542],{"id":11537},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11540,11541],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11544,11545,11548],{},[18,11546,11547],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11550,11551,11552,11555],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[23,11553,11554],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[47,11557,50],{"id":49},[52,11559,11561],{"className":54,"code":11560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11562,11563,11595,11606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11564,11565,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11566,9390],{"class":67},[61,11568,72],{"class":71},[61,11570,1235],{"class":75},[61,11572,215],{"class":214},[61,11574,334],{"class":218},[61,11576,215],{"class":214},[61,11578,378],{"class":75},[61,11580,587],{"class":79},[61,11582,83],{"class":75},[61,11584,226],{"class":214},[61,11586,765],{"class":218},[61,11588,215],{"class":214},[61,11590,378],{"class":75},[61,11592,86],{"class":79},[61,11594,162],{"class":75},[61,11596,11597,11599,11601,11604],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11598,9429],{"class":67},[61,11600,26],{"class":75},[61,11602,11603],{"class":116},"clear",[61,11605,628],{"class":75},[61,11607,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,11609,127],{"class":126},[61,11611,113],{"class":75},[61,11613,9429],{"class":116},[61,11615,3893],{"class":75},[61,11617,11618],{"class":3896},"  # {}\n",[14,11620,11621,11623],{},[18,11622,11541],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[47,11625,3911,11627,3914],{"id":11626},"what-clear-does",[18,11628,11541],{},[14,11630,2233,11631,11633],{},[18,11632,11541],{}," method:",[34,11635,11636,11639,11642,11647],{},[37,11637,11638],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[37,11640,11641],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[37,11643,11644,11645],{},"Returns ",[18,11646,4012],{},[37,11648,11649,11650],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11651,700],{},[14,11653,11654],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11656,9376,11657,26],{},[334,11658,9380],{"href":9379},[47,11660,341],{"id":340},[52,11662,11664],{"className":54,"code":11663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11665,11666],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11667,11668,11671,11673,11675],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11669,11670],{"class":67},"my_dict",[61,11672,26],{"class":75},[61,11674,11603],{"class":116},[61,11676,628],{"class":75},[14,11678,11679],{},"Important points:",[34,11681,11682,11687,11690],{},[37,11683,11684,11686],{},[18,11685,11541],{}," takes no arguments",[37,11688,11689],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[37,11691,11692],{},"It empties that dictionary",[47,11694,11696],{"id":11695},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11698,11699],{},"Here is a basic example:",[52,11701,11703],{"className":54,"code":11702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11704,11705,11715,11736,11750,11767,11771,11775,11795,11799,11810,11814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11706,11707,11710,11712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11708,11709],{"class":67},"user ",[61,11711,72],{"class":71},[61,11713,11714],{"class":75}," {\n",[61,11716,11717,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728,11731,11733],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11718,11719],{"class":214},"    \"",[61,11721,7899],{"class":218},[61,11723,215],{"class":214},[61,11725,378],{"class":75},[61,11727,226],{"class":214},[61,11729,11730],{"class":218},"Maya",[61,11732,215],{"class":214},[61,11734,11735],{"class":75},",\n",[61,11737,11738,11740,11742,11744,11746,11748],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,11739,11719],{"class":214},[61,11741,9521],{"class":218},[61,11743,215],{"class":214},[61,11745,378],{"class":75},[61,11747,9528],{"class":79},[61,11749,11735],{"class":75},[61,11751,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11765],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,11753,11719],{"class":214},[61,11755,10630],{"class":218},[61,11757,215],{"class":214},[61,11759,378],{"class":75},[61,11761,226],{"class":214},[61,11763,11764],{"class":218},"Berlin",[61,11766,1043],{"class":214},[61,11768,11769],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,11770,162],{"class":75},[61,11772,11773],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,11774,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,11776,11777,11779,11781,11783,11786,11788,11790,11793],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,11778,127],{"class":126},[61,11780,113],{"class":75},[61,11782,215],{"class":214},[61,11784,11785],{"class":218},"Before:",[61,11787,215],{"class":214},[61,11789,83],{"class":75},[61,11791,11792],{"class":116}," user",[61,11794,120],{"class":75},[61,11796,11797],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,11798,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,11800,11801,11804,11806,11808],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,11802,11803],{"class":67},"user",[61,11805,26],{"class":75},[61,11807,11603],{"class":116},[61,11809,628],{"class":75},[61,11811,11812],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,11813,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11826,11828,11830,11832],{"class":63,"line":11816},11,[61,11818,127],{"class":126},[61,11820,113],{"class":75},[61,11822,215],{"class":214},[61,11824,11825],{"class":218},"After:",[61,11827,215],{"class":214},[61,11829,83],{"class":75},[61,11831,11792],{"class":116},[61,11833,120],{"class":75},[14,11835,5787],{},[52,11837,11839],{"className":54,"code":11838,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11840,11841,11894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11842,11843,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11844,11845],{"class":67},"Before",[61,11847,378],{"class":75},[61,11849,1235],{"class":75},[61,11851,299],{"class":214},[61,11853,7899],{"class":218},[61,11855,299],{"class":214},[61,11857,378],{"class":75},[61,11859,308],{"class":214},[61,11861,11730],{"class":218},[61,11863,299],{"class":214},[61,11865,83],{"class":75},[61,11867,308],{"class":214},[61,11869,9521],{"class":218},[61,11871,299],{"class":214},[61,11873,378],{"class":75},[61,11875,9528],{"class":79},[61,11877,83],{"class":75},[61,11879,308],{"class":214},[61,11881,10630],{"class":218},[61,11883,299],{"class":214},[61,11885,378],{"class":75},[61,11887,308],{"class":214},[61,11889,11764],{"class":218},[61,11891,299],{"class":214},[61,11893,162],{"class":75},[61,11895,11896,11899,11901],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11897,11898],{"class":67},"After",[61,11900,378],{"class":75},[61,11902,733],{"class":75},[14,11904,11905],{},"What happens here:",[34,11907,11908,11913,11919],{},[37,11909,11910,11912],{},[18,11911,11803],{}," starts with three items",[37,11914,11915,11918],{},[18,11916,11917],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[37,11920,11921],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[47,11923,3911,11925,11927],{"id":11924},"what-clear-returns",[18,11926,11541],{}," returns",[14,11929,11930,2642,11932,26],{},[18,11931,11541],{},[18,11933,4012],{},[14,11935,11936],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,11938,11940],{"className":54,"code":11939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11941,11942,11976,11980,11995,11999,12009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,11943,11944,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11968,11970,11972,11974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,11945,11946],{"class":67},"my_dict ",[61,11948,72],{"class":71},[61,11950,1235],{"class":75},[61,11952,215],{"class":214},[61,11954,2422],{"class":218},[61,11956,215],{"class":214},[61,11958,378],{"class":75},[61,11960,587],{"class":79},[61,11962,83],{"class":75},[61,11964,226],{"class":214},[61,11966,11967],{"class":218},"y",[61,11969,215],{"class":214},[61,11971,378],{"class":75},[61,11973,86],{"class":79},[61,11975,162],{"class":75},[61,11977,11978],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,11979,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,11981,11982,11984,11986,11989,11991,11993],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,11983,869],{"class":67},[61,11985,72],{"class":71},[61,11987,11988],{"class":67}," my_dict",[61,11990,26],{"class":75},[61,11992,11603],{"class":116},[61,11994,628],{"class":75},[61,11996,11997],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,11998,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12000,12001,12003,12005,12007],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,12002,127],{"class":126},[61,12004,113],{"class":75},[61,12006,892],{"class":116},[61,12008,120],{"class":75},[61,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,12012,127],{"class":126},[61,12014,113],{"class":75},[61,12016,11670],{"class":116},[61,12018,120],{"class":75},[14,12020,139],{},[52,12022,12024],{"className":54,"code":12023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{}\n",[18,12025,12026,12031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12027,12028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12029,12030],{"class":1523},"None\n",[61,12032,12033],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12034,9656],{"class":75},[819,12036,12038],{"id":12037},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12040,12041,12042,12044],{},"Do ",[23,12043,704],{}," do this:",[52,12046,12048],{"className":54,"code":12047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12049,12050,12082,12096,12100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12051,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060,12062,12064,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074,12076,12078,12080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12053,11946],{"class":67},[61,12055,72],{"class":71},[61,12057,1235],{"class":75},[61,12059,215],{"class":214},[61,12061,2422],{"class":218},[61,12063,215],{"class":214},[61,12065,378],{"class":75},[61,12067,587],{"class":79},[61,12069,83],{"class":75},[61,12071,226],{"class":214},[61,12073,11967],{"class":218},[61,12075,215],{"class":214},[61,12077,378],{"class":75},[61,12079,86],{"class":79},[61,12081,162],{"class":75},[61,12083,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092,12094],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12085,11946],{"class":67},[61,12087,72],{"class":71},[61,12089,11988],{"class":67},[61,12091,26],{"class":75},[61,12093,11603],{"class":116},[61,12095,628],{"class":75},[61,12097,12098],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12099,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12101,12102,12104,12106,12108],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12103,127],{"class":126},[61,12105,113],{"class":75},[61,12107,11670],{"class":116},[61,12109,120],{"class":75},[14,12111,139],{},[52,12113,12114],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,12115,12116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12117,12118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12119,12030],{"class":1523},[14,12121,12122],{},"Why this happens:",[34,12124,12125,12131,12136],{},[37,12126,12127,12130],{},[18,12128,12129],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[37,12132,12133,12134],{},"The method returns ",[18,12135,4012],{},[37,12137,12138,12139,12142,12143,12145],{},"Then ",[18,12140,12141],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,12144,4012],{}," in the variable",[14,12147,12148,12149,12151],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,12150,11541],{}," by itself:",[52,12153,12155],{"className":54,"code":12154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,12156,12157,12189,12199,12203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12158,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181,12183,12185,12187],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12160,11946],{"class":67},[61,12162,72],{"class":71},[61,12164,1235],{"class":75},[61,12166,215],{"class":214},[61,12168,2422],{"class":218},[61,12170,215],{"class":214},[61,12172,378],{"class":75},[61,12174,587],{"class":79},[61,12176,83],{"class":75},[61,12178,226],{"class":214},[61,12180,11967],{"class":218},[61,12182,215],{"class":214},[61,12184,378],{"class":75},[61,12186,86],{"class":79},[61,12188,162],{"class":75},[61,12190,12191,12193,12195,12197],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12192,11670],{"class":67},[61,12194,26],{"class":75},[61,12196,11603],{"class":116},[61,12198,628],{"class":75},[61,12200,12201],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12202,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12204,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12206,127],{"class":126},[61,12208,113],{"class":75},[61,12210,11670],{"class":116},[61,12212,3893],{"class":75},[61,12214,11618],{"class":3896},[47,12216,12218,12220],{"id":12217},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12219,11541],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12222,12223],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[52,12225,12226],{"className":54,"code":11663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,12227,12228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12229,12230,12232,12234,12236],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12231,11670],{"class":67},[61,12233,26],{"class":75},[61,12235,11603],{"class":116},[61,12237,628],{"class":75},[52,12239,12241],{"className":54,"code":12240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12242,12243],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12244,12245,12247,12249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12246,11946],{"class":67},[61,12248,72],{"class":71},[61,12250,733],{"class":75},[819,12252,12253],{"id":11603},[18,12254,11541],{},[34,12256,12257,12260,12263],{},[37,12258,12259],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[37,12261,12262],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[37,12264,12265],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[819,12267,12268],{"id":11670},[18,12269,12270],{},"my_dict = {}",[34,12272,12273,12276,12279],{},[37,12274,12275],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[37,12277,12278],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[37,12280,12281],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12283,12284,12285,26],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[334,12286,12288],{"href":12287},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[47,12290,12292],{"id":12291},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12294,12295,12296,12298],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12297,11541],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[52,12300,12302],{"className":54,"code":12301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12303,12304,12337,12347,12351,12362,12366,12386,12406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12305,12306,12309,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333,12335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12307,12308],{"class":67},"original ",[61,12310,72],{"class":71},[61,12312,1235],{"class":75},[61,12314,215],{"class":214},[61,12316,334],{"class":218},[61,12318,215],{"class":214},[61,12320,378],{"class":75},[61,12322,587],{"class":79},[61,12324,83],{"class":75},[61,12326,226],{"class":214},[61,12328,765],{"class":218},[61,12330,215],{"class":214},[61,12332,378],{"class":75},[61,12334,86],{"class":79},[61,12336,162],{"class":75},[61,12338,12339,12342,12344],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12340,12341],{"class":67},"other_ref ",[61,12343,72],{"class":71},[61,12345,12346],{"class":67}," original\n",[61,12348,12349],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12350,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12352,12353,12356,12358,12360],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12354,12355],{"class":67},"original",[61,12357,26],{"class":75},[61,12359,11603],{"class":116},[61,12361,628],{"class":75},[61,12363,12364],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,12365,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12367,12368,12370,12372,12374,12377,12379,12381,12384],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,12369,127],{"class":126},[61,12371,113],{"class":75},[61,12373,215],{"class":214},[61,12375,12376],{"class":218},"original:",[61,12378,215],{"class":214},[61,12380,83],{"class":75},[61,12382,12383],{"class":116}," original",[61,12385,120],{"class":75},[61,12387,12388,12390,12392,12394,12397,12399,12401,12404],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,12389,127],{"class":126},[61,12391,113],{"class":75},[61,12393,215],{"class":214},[61,12395,12396],{"class":218},"other_ref:",[61,12398,215],{"class":214},[61,12400,83],{"class":75},[61,12402,12403],{"class":116}," other_ref",[61,12405,120],{"class":75},[61,12407,12408,12410,12412,12414,12417,12419],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,12409,127],{"class":126},[61,12411,113],{"class":75},[61,12413,12308],{"class":116},[61,12415,12416],{"class":1490},"is",[61,12418,12403],{"class":116},[61,12420,120],{"class":75},[14,12422,139],{},[52,12424,12426],{"className":54,"code":12425,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12427,12428,12436,12445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12429,12430,12432,12434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12431,12355],{"class":67},[61,12433,378],{"class":75},[61,12435,733],{"class":75},[61,12437,12438,12441,12443],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12439,12440],{"class":67},"other_ref",[61,12442,378],{"class":75},[61,12444,733],{"class":75},[61,12446,12447],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12448,1524],{"class":1523},[14,12450,12451],{},"This shows:",[34,12453,12454,12461,12466],{},[37,12455,12456,4621,12458,12460],{},[18,12457,12355],{},[18,12459,12440],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[37,12462,12463,12465],{},[18,12464,11541],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[37,12467,12468],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12470,12471],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[52,12473,12475],{"className":54,"code":12474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12476,12477,12509,12517,12521,12529,12533,12551,12569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12478,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12480,12308],{"class":67},[61,12482,72],{"class":71},[61,12484,1235],{"class":75},[61,12486,215],{"class":214},[61,12488,334],{"class":218},[61,12490,215],{"class":214},[61,12492,378],{"class":75},[61,12494,587],{"class":79},[61,12496,83],{"class":75},[61,12498,226],{"class":214},[61,12500,765],{"class":218},[61,12502,215],{"class":214},[61,12504,378],{"class":75},[61,12506,86],{"class":79},[61,12508,162],{"class":75},[61,12510,12511,12513,12515],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12512,12341],{"class":67},[61,12514,72],{"class":71},[61,12516,12346],{"class":67},[61,12518,12519],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12520,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12522,12523,12525,12527],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12524,12308],{"class":67},[61,12526,72],{"class":71},[61,12528,733],{"class":75},[61,12530,12531],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,12532,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12534,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,12536,127],{"class":126},[61,12538,113],{"class":75},[61,12540,215],{"class":214},[61,12542,12376],{"class":218},[61,12544,215],{"class":214},[61,12546,83],{"class":75},[61,12548,12383],{"class":116},[61,12550,120],{"class":75},[61,12552,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,12554,127],{"class":126},[61,12556,113],{"class":75},[61,12558,215],{"class":214},[61,12560,12396],{"class":218},[61,12562,215],{"class":214},[61,12564,83],{"class":75},[61,12566,12403],{"class":116},[61,12568,120],{"class":75},[61,12570,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,12572,127],{"class":126},[61,12574,113],{"class":75},[61,12576,12308],{"class":116},[61,12578,12416],{"class":1490},[61,12580,12403],{"class":116},[61,12582,120],{"class":75},[14,12584,139],{},[52,12586,12588],{"className":54,"code":12587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12589,12590,12598,12630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12591,12592,12594,12596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12593,12355],{"class":67},[61,12595,378],{"class":75},[61,12597,733],{"class":75},[61,12599,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12601,12440],{"class":67},[61,12603,378],{"class":75},[61,12605,1235],{"class":75},[61,12607,299],{"class":214},[61,12609,334],{"class":218},[61,12611,299],{"class":214},[61,12613,378],{"class":75},[61,12615,587],{"class":79},[61,12617,83],{"class":75},[61,12619,308],{"class":214},[61,12621,765],{"class":218},[61,12623,299],{"class":214},[61,12625,378],{"class":75},[61,12627,86],{"class":79},[61,12629,162],{"class":75},[61,12631,12632],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12633,1529],{"class":1523},[14,12635,2427],{},[34,12637,12638,12644],{},[37,12639,12640,12643],{},[18,12641,12642],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[37,12645,12646,12648],{},[18,12647,12440],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12650,12651,12652,26],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[334,12653,12655],{"href":12654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12656,12657],{},"dict.copy()",[47,12659,5189,12661],{"id":12660},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12662,11541],{},[14,12664,12665,12667],{},[18,12666,11541],{}," is useful when you want to:",[34,12669,12670,12673,12676],{},[37,12671,12672],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[37,12674,12675],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[37,12677,12678],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12680,197],{},[52,12682,12684],{"className":54,"code":12683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12685,12686,12695,12711,12731,12744,12748,12752,12757,12768,12772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12687,12688,12691,12693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12689,12690],{"class":67},"session_data ",[61,12692,72],{"class":71},[61,12694,11714],{"class":75},[61,12696,12697,12699,12702,12704,12706,12709],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12698,11719],{"class":214},[61,12700,12701],{"class":218},"user_id",[61,12703,215],{"class":214},[61,12705,378],{"class":75},[61,12707,12708],{"class":79}," 101",[61,12710,11735],{"class":75},[61,12712,12713,12715,12718,12720,12722,12724,12727,12729],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12714,11719],{"class":214},[61,12716,12717],{"class":218},"theme",[61,12719,215],{"class":214},[61,12721,378],{"class":75},[61,12723,226],{"class":214},[61,12725,12726],{"class":218},"dark",[61,12728,215],{"class":214},[61,12730,11735],{"class":75},[61,12732,12733,12735,12738,12740,12742],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12734,11719],{"class":214},[61,12736,12737],{"class":218},"logged_in",[61,12739,215],{"class":214},[61,12741,378],{"class":75},[61,12743,6651],{"class":1523},[61,12745,12746],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,12747,162],{"class":75},[61,12749,12750],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,12751,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12753,12754],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,12755,12756],{"class":3896},"# Reset for a new session\n",[61,12758,12759,12762,12764,12766],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,12760,12761],{"class":67},"session_data",[61,12763,26],{"class":75},[61,12765,11603],{"class":116},[61,12767,628],{"class":75},[61,12769,12770],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,12771,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,12773,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,12775,127],{"class":126},[61,12777,113],{"class":75},[61,12779,12761],{"class":116},[61,12781,3893],{"class":75},[61,12783,11618],{"class":3896},[14,12785,12786,12787,12793,12794,26,12798,12800,12801,26],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[334,12788,12790],{"href":12789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12791,12792],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[334,12795,12797],{"href":12796},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10067,12799],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[334,12802,12804],{"href":12803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12805,12806],{},"dict.popitem()",[47,12808,1741],{"id":1740},[14,12810,10968,12811,378],{},[18,12812,11541],{},[34,12814,12815,12821,12826,12829],{},[37,12816,12817,12818,12820],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12819,11541],{}," to a variable",[37,12822,1864,12823,12825],{},[18,12824,11541],{}," to return a new dictionary",[37,12827,12828],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[37,12830,12831],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12833,12834],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[52,12836,12838],{"className":54,"code":12837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12839,12840,12850,12864,12879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,12841,12842,12844,12846,12848],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,12843,127],{"class":126},[61,12845,113],{"class":75},[61,12847,11670],{"class":116},[61,12849,120],{"class":75},[61,12851,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,12853,127],{"class":126},[61,12855,113],{"class":75},[61,12857,648],{"class":109},[61,12859,113],{"class":75},[61,12861,11670],{"class":116},[61,12863,480],{"class":75},[61,12865,12866,12868,12870,12873,12875,12877],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,12867,127],{"class":126},[61,12869,113],{"class":75},[61,12871,12872],{"class":126},"id",[61,12874,113],{"class":75},[61,12876,11670],{"class":116},[61,12878,480],{"class":75},[61,12880,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,12882,127],{"class":126},[61,12884,113],{"class":75},[61,12886,12341],{"class":116},[61,12888,12416],{"class":1490},[61,12890,11988],{"class":116},[61,12892,120],{"class":75},[14,12894,12895],{},"What these show:",[34,12897,12898,12904,12910,12916],{},[37,12899,12900,12903],{},[18,12901,12902],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[37,12905,12906,12909],{},[18,12907,12908],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[37,12911,12912,12915],{},[18,12913,12914],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[37,12917,12918,12921],{},[18,12919,12920],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[47,12923,1987],{"id":1986},[819,12925,12927,12928,12930],{"id":12926},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12929,11541],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12932,12933],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[819,12935,5371,12937,12939],{"id":12936},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12938,11547],{}," return?",[14,12941,5377,12942,26],{},[18,12943,4012],{},[819,12945,5408,12947,4621,12949,2735],{"id":12946},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12948,11541],{},[18,12950,700],{},[14,12952,12953,12955,12956,12958],{},[18,12954,11541],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12957,700],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[819,12960,12927,12962,12964],{"id":12961},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12963,11541],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12966,12967],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[47,12969,2144],{"id":2143},[34,12971,12972,12976,12980,12987,12994,13001,13006],{},[37,12973,12974],{},[334,12975,9380],{"href":9379},[37,12977,12978],{},[334,12979,11462],{"href":9612},[37,12981,12982],{},[334,12983,10957,12984,10961],{"href":12789},[18,12985,12986],{},"pop()",[37,12988,12989],{},[334,12990,10957,12991,10961],{"href":12803},[18,12992,12993],{},"popitem()",[37,12995,12996],{},[334,12997,10957,12998,10961],{"href":12654},[18,12999,13000],{},"copy()",[37,13002,13003],{},[334,13004,13005],{"href":12287},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[37,13007,13008],{},[334,13009,13010],{"href":12796},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2169,13012,13013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":13015},[13016,13017,13019,13020,13021,13025,13030,13031,13033,13034,13044],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":11626,"depth":101,"text":13018},"What clear() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":11924,"depth":101,"text":13022,"children":13023},"What clear() returns",[13024],{"id":12037,"depth":123,"text":12038},{"id":12217,"depth":101,"text":13026,"children":13027},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13028,13029],{"id":11603,"depth":123,"text":11541},{"id":11670,"depth":123,"text":12270},{"id":12291,"depth":101,"text":12292},{"id":12660,"depth":101,"text":13032},"When to use clear()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":13035},[13036,13038,13040,13042],{"id":12926,"depth":123,"text":13037},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12936,"depth":123,"text":13039},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12946,"depth":123,"text":13041},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12961,"depth":123,"text":13043},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11532,"description":13045},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13052,"title":13053,"body":13054,"description":15218,"extension":2216,"meta":15219,"navigation":271,"path":15220,"seo":15221,"stem":15222,"__hash__":15223},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13055,"toc":15190},[13056,13061,13066,13076,13078,13167,13171,13212,13217,13224,13242,13251,13253,13274,13277,13289,13291,13367,13371,13412,13414,13417,13545,13549,13629,13632,13650,13653,13657,13663,13665,13676,13678,13873,13877,13982,13985,14003,14006,14013,14018,14022,14036,14038,14165,14169,14249,14262,14268,14270,14278,14282,14408,14412,14486,14491,14622,14626,14700,14703,14717,14721,14725,14739,14741,14877,14881,14950,14952,14957,14979,14982,15089,15092,15103,15110,15112,15118,15121,15128,15131,15138,15146,15150,15153,15155,15187],[10,13057,11538,13059,11542],{"id":13058},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,13060,13000],{},[14,13062,13063,13065],{},[18,13064,12657],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13067,13068,13069,13071,13072,13075],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,13070,13000],{}," makes a ",[23,13073,13074],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[47,13077,50],{"id":49},[52,13079,13081],{"className":54,"code":13080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,13082,13083,13121,13138,13142,13153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13084,13085,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13086,13087],{"class":67},"student ",[61,13089,72],{"class":71},[61,13091,1235],{"class":75},[61,13093,215],{"class":214},[61,13095,7899],{"class":218},[61,13097,215],{"class":214},[61,13099,378],{"class":75},[61,13101,226],{"class":214},[61,13103,13104],{"class":218},"Ana",[61,13106,215],{"class":214},[61,13108,83],{"class":75},[61,13110,226],{"class":214},[61,13112,9521],{"class":218},[61,13114,215],{"class":214},[61,13116,378],{"class":75},[61,13118,452],{"class":79},[61,13120,162],{"class":75},[61,13122,13123,13126,13128,13131,13133,13136],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13124,13125],{"class":67},"student_copy ",[61,13127,72],{"class":71},[61,13129,13130],{"class":67}," student",[61,13132,26],{"class":75},[61,13134,13135],{"class":116},"copy",[61,13137,628],{"class":75},[61,13139,13140],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,13141,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13143,13144,13146,13148,13151],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,13145,127],{"class":126},[61,13147,113],{"class":75},[61,13149,13150],{"class":116},"student_copy",[61,13152,120],{"class":75},[61,13154,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,13156,127],{"class":126},[61,13158,113],{"class":75},[61,13160,13125],{"class":116},[61,13162,12416],{"class":1490},[61,13164,13130],{"class":116},[61,13166,120],{"class":75},[14,13168,13169],{},[23,13170,139],{},[52,13172,13174],{"className":54,"code":13173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,13175,13176,13208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13177,13178,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13179,149],{"class":75},[61,13181,299],{"class":214},[61,13183,7899],{"class":218},[61,13185,299],{"class":214},[61,13187,378],{"class":75},[61,13189,308],{"class":214},[61,13191,13104],{"class":218},[61,13193,299],{"class":214},[61,13195,83],{"class":75},[61,13197,308],{"class":214},[61,13199,9521],{"class":218},[61,13201,299],{"class":214},[61,13203,378],{"class":75},[61,13205,452],{"class":79},[61,13207,162],{"class":75},[61,13209,13210],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13211,1529],{"class":1523},[14,13213,165,13214,13216],{},[18,13215,13000],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[47,13218,13220,13221,13223],{"id":13219},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13222,13000],{}," method does",[34,13225,13226,13231,13234,13239],{},[37,13227,13228,13230],{},[18,13229,12657],{}," returns a new dictionary",[37,13232,13233],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[37,13235,13236,13237],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13238,13000],{},[37,13240,13241],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13243,13244,13245,1881,13248,26],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[334,13246,9380],{"href":13247},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[334,13249,9613],{"href":13250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[47,13252,341],{"id":340},[52,13254,13256],{"className":54,"code":13255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13257,13258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13259,13260,13263,13265,13268,13270,13272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13261,13262],{"class":67},"new_dict ",[61,13264,72],{"class":71},[61,13266,13267],{"class":67}," old_dict",[61,13269,26],{"class":75},[61,13271,13135],{"class":116},[61,13273,628],{"class":75},[14,13275,13276],{},"Key points:",[34,13278,13279,13283,13286],{},[37,13280,13281,11686],{},[18,13282,13000],{},[37,13284,13285],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[37,13287,13288],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13290,197],{},[52,13292,13294],{"className":54,"code":13293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13295,13296,13336,13352,13356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13297,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13299,207],{"class":67},[61,13301,72],{"class":71},[61,13303,1235],{"class":75},[61,13305,215],{"class":214},[61,13307,334],{"class":218},[61,13309,215],{"class":214},[61,13311,378],{"class":75},[61,13313,226],{"class":214},[61,13315,219],{"class":218},[61,13317,215],{"class":214},[61,13319,83],{"class":75},[61,13321,226],{"class":214},[61,13323,765],{"class":218},[61,13325,215],{"class":214},[61,13327,378],{"class":75},[61,13329,226],{"class":214},[61,13331,229],{"class":218},[61,13333,215],{"class":214},[61,13335,162],{"class":75},[61,13337,13338,13341,13343,13346,13348,13350],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13339,13340],{"class":67},"new_colors ",[61,13342,72],{"class":71},[61,13344,13345],{"class":67}," colors",[61,13347,26],{"class":75},[61,13349,13135],{"class":116},[61,13351,628],{"class":75},[61,13353,13354],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,13355,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13357,13358,13360,13362,13365],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,13359,127],{"class":126},[61,13361,113],{"class":75},[61,13363,13364],{"class":116},"new_colors",[61,13366,120],{"class":75},[14,13368,13369],{},[23,13370,139],{},[52,13372,13374],{"className":54,"code":13373,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13375,13376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13377,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13379,149],{"class":75},[61,13381,299],{"class":214},[61,13383,334],{"class":218},[61,13385,299],{"class":214},[61,13387,378],{"class":75},[61,13389,308],{"class":214},[61,13391,219],{"class":218},[61,13393,299],{"class":214},[61,13395,83],{"class":75},[61,13397,308],{"class":214},[61,13399,765],{"class":218},[61,13401,299],{"class":214},[61,13403,378],{"class":75},[61,13405,308],{"class":214},[61,13407,229],{"class":218},[61,13409,299],{"class":214},[61,13411,162],{"class":75},[47,13413,11696],{"id":11695},[14,13415,13416],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[52,13418,13420],{"className":54,"code":13419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13421,13422,13460,13476,13480,13502,13506,13525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13423,13424,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13425,13426],{"class":67},"person ",[61,13428,72],{"class":71},[61,13430,1235],{"class":75},[61,13432,215],{"class":214},[61,13434,7899],{"class":218},[61,13436,215],{"class":214},[61,13438,378],{"class":75},[61,13440,226],{"class":214},[61,13442,13443],{"class":218},"Liam",[61,13445,215],{"class":214},[61,13447,83],{"class":75},[61,13449,226],{"class":214},[61,13451,9521],{"class":218},[61,13453,215],{"class":214},[61,13455,378],{"class":75},[61,13457,9528],{"class":79},[61,13459,162],{"class":75},[61,13461,13462,13465,13467,13470,13472,13474],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13463,13464],{"class":67},"person_copy ",[61,13466,72],{"class":71},[61,13468,13469],{"class":67}," person",[61,13471,26],{"class":75},[61,13473,13135],{"class":116},[61,13475,628],{"class":75},[61,13477,13478],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,13479,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13481,13482,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13496,13499],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,13483,13484],{"class":67},"person_copy",[61,13486,4129],{"class":75},[61,13488,215],{"class":214},[61,13490,9521],{"class":218},[61,13492,215],{"class":214},[61,13494,13495],{"class":75},"]",[61,13497,13498],{"class":71}," =",[61,13500,13501],{"class":79}," 26\n",[61,13503,13504],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,13505,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13507,13508,13510,13512,13514,13517,13519,13521,13523],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,13509,127],{"class":126},[61,13511,113],{"class":75},[61,13513,215],{"class":214},[61,13515,13516],{"class":218},"Original:",[61,13518,215],{"class":214},[61,13520,83],{"class":75},[61,13522,13469],{"class":116},[61,13524,120],{"class":75},[61,13526,13527,13529,13531,13533,13536,13538,13540,13543],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,13528,127],{"class":126},[61,13530,113],{"class":75},[61,13532,215],{"class":214},[61,13534,13535],{"class":218},"Copy:",[61,13537,215],{"class":214},[61,13539,83],{"class":75},[61,13541,13542],{"class":116}," person_copy",[61,13544,120],{"class":75},[14,13546,13547],{},[23,13548,139],{},[52,13550,13552],{"className":54,"code":13551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13553,13554,13591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13555,13556,13559,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13557,13558],{"class":67},"Original",[61,13560,378],{"class":75},[61,13562,1235],{"class":75},[61,13564,299],{"class":214},[61,13566,7899],{"class":218},[61,13568,299],{"class":214},[61,13570,378],{"class":75},[61,13572,308],{"class":214},[61,13574,13443],{"class":218},[61,13576,299],{"class":214},[61,13578,83],{"class":75},[61,13580,308],{"class":214},[61,13582,9521],{"class":218},[61,13584,299],{"class":214},[61,13586,378],{"class":75},[61,13588,9528],{"class":79},[61,13590,162],{"class":75},[61,13592,13593,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13627],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13594,13595],{"class":67},"Copy",[61,13597,378],{"class":75},[61,13599,1235],{"class":75},[61,13601,299],{"class":214},[61,13603,7899],{"class":218},[61,13605,299],{"class":214},[61,13607,378],{"class":75},[61,13609,308],{"class":214},[61,13611,13443],{"class":218},[61,13613,299],{"class":214},[61,13615,83],{"class":75},[61,13617,308],{"class":214},[61,13619,9521],{"class":218},[61,13621,299],{"class":214},[61,13623,378],{"class":75},[61,13625,13626],{"class":79}," 26",[61,13628,162],{"class":75},[14,13630,13631],{},"What happened here:",[34,13633,13634,13640,13647],{},[37,13635,13636,13639],{},[18,13637,13638],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[37,13641,13642,13643,13646],{},"Changing ",[18,13644,13645],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[37,13648,13649],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13651,13652],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[47,13654,13656],{"id":13655},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13658,13659,13071,13661,26],{},[18,13660,13000],{},[23,13662,13074],{},[14,13664,2359],{},[34,13666,13667,13670,13673],{},[37,13668,13669],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[37,13671,13672],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[37,13674,13675],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13677,197],{},[52,13679,13681],{"className":54,"code":13680,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13682,13683,13691,13709,13732,13736,13740,13754,13758,13783,13787,13805,13824,13839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13684,13685,13687,13689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13686,13087],{"class":67},[61,13688,72],{"class":71},[61,13690,11714],{"class":75},[61,13692,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13694,11719],{"class":214},[61,13696,7899],{"class":218},[61,13698,215],{"class":214},[61,13700,378],{"class":75},[61,13702,226],{"class":214},[61,13704,13104],{"class":218},[61,13706,215],{"class":214},[61,13708,11735],{"class":75},[61,13710,13711,13713,13716,13718,13720,13722,13725,13727,13730],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,13712,11719],{"class":214},[61,13714,13715],{"class":218},"grades",[61,13717,215],{"class":214},[61,13719,378],{"class":75},[61,13721,76],{"class":75},[61,13723,13724],{"class":79},"90",[61,13726,83],{"class":75},[61,13728,13729],{"class":79}," 85",[61,13731,98],{"class":75},[61,13733,13734],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,13735,162],{"class":75},[61,13737,13738],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,13739,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13741,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,13743,13125],{"class":67},[61,13745,72],{"class":71},[61,13747,13130],{"class":67},[61,13749,26],{"class":75},[61,13751,13135],{"class":116},[61,13753,628],{"class":75},[61,13755,13756],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,13757,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13759,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13773,13776,13778,13781],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,13761,13150],{"class":67},[61,13763,4129],{"class":75},[61,13765,215],{"class":214},[61,13767,13715],{"class":218},[61,13769,215],{"class":214},[61,13771,13772],{"class":75},"].",[61,13774,13775],{"class":116},"append",[61,13777,113],{"class":75},[61,13779,13780],{"class":79},"100",[61,13782,120],{"class":75},[61,13784,13785],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,13786,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,13788,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,13790,127],{"class":126},[61,13792,113],{"class":75},[61,13794,215],{"class":214},[61,13796,13516],{"class":218},[61,13798,215],{"class":214},[61,13800,83],{"class":75},[61,13802,13130],{"class":116},[61,13804,120],{"class":75},[61,13806,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13822],{"class":63,"line":11816},[61,13808,127],{"class":126},[61,13810,113],{"class":75},[61,13812,215],{"class":214},[61,13814,13535],{"class":218},[61,13816,215],{"class":214},[61,13818,83],{"class":75},[61,13820,13821],{"class":116}," student_copy",[61,13823,120],{"class":75},[61,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837],{"class":63,"line":13826},12,[61,13828,127],{"class":126},[61,13830,113],{"class":75},[61,13832,13087],{"class":116},[61,13834,12416],{"class":1490},[61,13836,13821],{"class":116},[61,13838,120],{"class":75},[61,13840,13842,13844,13846,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871],{"class":63,"line":13841},13,[61,13843,127],{"class":126},[61,13845,113],{"class":75},[61,13847,13848],{"class":116},"student",[61,13850,4129],{"class":75},[61,13852,215],{"class":214},[61,13854,13715],{"class":218},[61,13856,215],{"class":214},[61,13858,13495],{"class":75},[61,13860,8326],{"class":1490},[61,13862,13821],{"class":116},[61,13864,4129],{"class":75},[61,13866,215],{"class":214},[61,13868,13715],{"class":218},[61,13870,215],{"class":214},[61,13872,1474],{"class":75},[14,13874,13875],{},[23,13876,139],{},[52,13878,13880],{"className":54,"code":13879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13881,13882,13928,13974,13978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,13883,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,13885,13558],{"class":67},[61,13887,378],{"class":75},[61,13889,1235],{"class":75},[61,13891,299],{"class":214},[61,13893,7899],{"class":218},[61,13895,299],{"class":214},[61,13897,378],{"class":75},[61,13899,308],{"class":214},[61,13901,13104],{"class":218},[61,13903,299],{"class":214},[61,13905,83],{"class":75},[61,13907,308],{"class":214},[61,13909,13715],{"class":218},[61,13911,299],{"class":214},[61,13913,378],{"class":75},[61,13915,76],{"class":75},[61,13917,13724],{"class":79},[61,13919,83],{"class":75},[61,13921,13729],{"class":79},[61,13923,83],{"class":75},[61,13925,10339],{"class":79},[61,13927,1328],{"class":75},[61,13929,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,13931,13595],{"class":67},[61,13933,378],{"class":75},[61,13935,1235],{"class":75},[61,13937,299],{"class":214},[61,13939,7899],{"class":218},[61,13941,299],{"class":214},[61,13943,378],{"class":75},[61,13945,308],{"class":214},[61,13947,13104],{"class":218},[61,13949,299],{"class":214},[61,13951,83],{"class":75},[61,13953,308],{"class":214},[61,13955,13715],{"class":218},[61,13957,299],{"class":214},[61,13959,378],{"class":75},[61,13961,76],{"class":75},[61,13963,13724],{"class":79},[61,13965,83],{"class":75},[61,13967,13729],{"class":79},[61,13969,83],{"class":75},[61,13971,10339],{"class":79},[61,13973,1328],{"class":75},[61,13975,13976],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,13977,1529],{"class":1523},[61,13979,13980],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,13981,1524],{"class":1523},[14,13983,13984],{},"Notice the difference:",[34,13986,13987,13995],{},[37,13988,13989,5011,13992,13994],{},[18,13990,13991],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13993,3907],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[37,13996,13997,5011,14000,14002],{},[18,13998,13999],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,14001,3837],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14004,14005],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14007,14008,14009,26],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[334,14010,14012],{"href":14011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[47,14014,5189,14016],{"id":14015},"when-to-use-copy",[18,14017,13000],{},[14,14019,165,14020,1422],{},[18,14021,13000],{},[34,14023,14024,14027,14030,14033],{},[37,14025,14026],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[37,14028,14029],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[37,14031,14032],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[37,14034,14035],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14037,197],{},[52,14039,14041],{"className":54,"code":14040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,14042,14043,14082,14098,14102,14122,14126,14145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14044,14045,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14073,14075,14077,14080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14046,14047],{"class":67},"settings ",[61,14049,72],{"class":71},[61,14051,1235],{"class":75},[61,14053,215],{"class":214},[61,14055,12717],{"class":218},[61,14057,215],{"class":214},[61,14059,378],{"class":75},[61,14061,226],{"class":214},[61,14063,12726],{"class":218},[61,14065,215],{"class":214},[61,14067,83],{"class":75},[61,14069,226],{"class":214},[61,14071,14072],{"class":218},"font_size",[61,14074,215],{"class":214},[61,14076,378],{"class":75},[61,14078,14079],{"class":79}," 14",[61,14081,162],{"class":75},[61,14083,14084,14087,14089,14092,14094,14096],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14085,14086],{"class":67},"settings_backup ",[61,14088,72],{"class":71},[61,14090,14091],{"class":67}," settings",[61,14093,26],{"class":75},[61,14095,13135],{"class":116},[61,14097,628],{"class":75},[61,14099,14100],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14101,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14103,14104,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,14105,14106],{"class":67},"settings",[61,14108,4129],{"class":75},[61,14110,215],{"class":214},[61,14112,14072],{"class":218},[61,14114,215],{"class":214},[61,14116,13495],{"class":75},[61,14118,13498],{"class":71},[61,14120,14121],{"class":79}," 16\n",[61,14123,14124],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,14125,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14127,14128,14130,14132,14134,14137,14139,14141,14143],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,14129,127],{"class":126},[61,14131,113],{"class":75},[61,14133,215],{"class":214},[61,14135,14136],{"class":218},"Current:",[61,14138,215],{"class":214},[61,14140,83],{"class":75},[61,14142,14091],{"class":116},[61,14144,120],{"class":75},[61,14146,14147,14149,14151,14153,14156,14158,14160,14163],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,14148,127],{"class":126},[61,14150,113],{"class":75},[61,14152,215],{"class":214},[61,14154,14155],{"class":218},"Backup:",[61,14157,215],{"class":214},[61,14159,83],{"class":75},[61,14161,14162],{"class":116}," settings_backup",[61,14164,120],{"class":75},[14,14166,14167],{},[23,14168,139],{},[52,14170,14172],{"className":54,"code":14171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,14173,14174,14212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14175,14176,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14177,14178],{"class":67},"Current",[61,14180,378],{"class":75},[61,14182,1235],{"class":75},[61,14184,299],{"class":214},[61,14186,12717],{"class":218},[61,14188,299],{"class":214},[61,14190,378],{"class":75},[61,14192,308],{"class":214},[61,14194,12726],{"class":218},[61,14196,299],{"class":214},[61,14198,83],{"class":75},[61,14200,308],{"class":214},[61,14202,14072],{"class":218},[61,14204,299],{"class":214},[61,14206,378],{"class":75},[61,14208,14209],{"class":79}," 16",[61,14211,162],{"class":75},[61,14213,14214,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14215,14216],{"class":67},"Backup",[61,14218,378],{"class":75},[61,14220,1235],{"class":75},[61,14222,299],{"class":214},[61,14224,12717],{"class":218},[61,14226,299],{"class":214},[61,14228,378],{"class":75},[61,14230,308],{"class":214},[61,14232,12726],{"class":218},[61,14234,299],{"class":214},[61,14236,83],{"class":75},[61,14238,308],{"class":214},[61,14240,14072],{"class":218},[61,14242,299],{"class":214},[61,14244,378],{"class":75},[61,14246,14079],{"class":79},[61,14248,162],{"class":75},[14,14250,14251,14252,1881,14258,26],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[334,14253,14255],{"href":14254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14256,14257],{},"dict.update()",[334,14259,14260],{"href":13047},[18,14261,11547],{},[47,14263,14265,14267],{"id":14264},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14266,13000],{}," vs assignment",[14,14269,806],{},[14,14271,1750,14272,14274,14275,14277],{},[18,14273,72],{}," does ",[23,14276,704],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[819,14279,14281],{"id":14280},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[52,14283,14285],{"className":54,"code":14284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14286,14287,14319,14328,14332,14352,14356,14374,14394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14288,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14290,12308],{"class":67},[61,14292,72],{"class":71},[61,14294,1235],{"class":75},[61,14296,215],{"class":214},[61,14298,2422],{"class":218},[61,14300,215],{"class":214},[61,14302,378],{"class":75},[61,14304,587],{"class":79},[61,14306,83],{"class":75},[61,14308,226],{"class":214},[61,14310,11967],{"class":218},[61,14312,215],{"class":214},[61,14314,378],{"class":75},[61,14316,86],{"class":79},[61,14318,162],{"class":75},[61,14320,14321,14324,14326],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14322,14323],{"class":67},"assigned ",[61,14325,72],{"class":71},[61,14327,12346],{"class":67},[61,14329,14330],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14331,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14333,14334,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,14335,14336],{"class":67},"assigned",[61,14338,4129],{"class":75},[61,14340,215],{"class":214},[61,14342,2422],{"class":218},[61,14344,215],{"class":214},[61,14346,13495],{"class":75},[61,14348,13498],{"class":71},[61,14350,14351],{"class":79}," 99\n",[61,14353,14354],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,14355,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14357,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,14359,127],{"class":126},[61,14361,113],{"class":75},[61,14363,215],{"class":214},[61,14365,13516],{"class":218},[61,14367,215],{"class":214},[61,14369,83],{"class":75},[61,14371,12383],{"class":116},[61,14373,120],{"class":75},[61,14375,14376,14378,14380,14382,14385,14387,14389,14392],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,14377,127],{"class":126},[61,14379,113],{"class":75},[61,14381,215],{"class":214},[61,14383,14384],{"class":218},"Assigned:",[61,14386,215],{"class":214},[61,14388,83],{"class":75},[61,14390,14391],{"class":116}," assigned",[61,14393,120],{"class":75},[61,14395,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,14397,127],{"class":126},[61,14399,113],{"class":75},[61,14401,12308],{"class":116},[61,14403,12416],{"class":1490},[61,14405,14391],{"class":116},[61,14407,120],{"class":75},[14,14409,14410],{},[23,14411,139],{},[52,14413,14415],{"className":54,"code":14414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14416,14417,14449,14482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14418,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14420,13558],{"class":67},[61,14422,378],{"class":75},[61,14424,1235],{"class":75},[61,14426,299],{"class":214},[61,14428,2422],{"class":218},[61,14430,299],{"class":214},[61,14432,378],{"class":75},[61,14434,10418],{"class":79},[61,14436,83],{"class":75},[61,14438,308],{"class":214},[61,14440,11967],{"class":218},[61,14442,299],{"class":214},[61,14444,378],{"class":75},[61,14446,86],{"class":79},[61,14448,162],{"class":75},[61,14450,14451,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14452,14453],{"class":67},"Assigned",[61,14455,378],{"class":75},[61,14457,1235],{"class":75},[61,14459,299],{"class":214},[61,14461,2422],{"class":218},[61,14463,299],{"class":214},[61,14465,378],{"class":75},[61,14467,10418],{"class":79},[61,14469,83],{"class":75},[61,14471,308],{"class":214},[61,14473,11967],{"class":218},[61,14475,299],{"class":214},[61,14477,378],{"class":75},[61,14479,86],{"class":79},[61,14481,162],{"class":75},[61,14483,14484],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14485,1524],{"class":1523},[819,14487,1750,14489],{"id":14488},"using-copy",[18,14490,13000],{},[52,14492,14494],{"className":54,"code":14493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14495,14496,14528,14543,14547,14566,14570,14588,14608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14497,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14499,12308],{"class":67},[61,14501,72],{"class":71},[61,14503,1235],{"class":75},[61,14505,215],{"class":214},[61,14507,2422],{"class":218},[61,14509,215],{"class":214},[61,14511,378],{"class":75},[61,14513,587],{"class":79},[61,14515,83],{"class":75},[61,14517,226],{"class":214},[61,14519,11967],{"class":218},[61,14521,215],{"class":214},[61,14523,378],{"class":75},[61,14525,86],{"class":79},[61,14527,162],{"class":75},[61,14529,14530,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14531,14532],{"class":67},"copied ",[61,14534,72],{"class":71},[61,14536,12383],{"class":67},[61,14538,26],{"class":75},[61,14540,13135],{"class":116},[61,14542,628],{"class":75},[61,14544,14545],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14546,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14548,14549,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,14550,14551],{"class":67},"copied",[61,14553,4129],{"class":75},[61,14555,215],{"class":214},[61,14557,2422],{"class":218},[61,14559,215],{"class":214},[61,14561,13495],{"class":75},[61,14563,13498],{"class":71},[61,14565,14351],{"class":79},[61,14567,14568],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,14569,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14571,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,14573,127],{"class":126},[61,14575,113],{"class":75},[61,14577,215],{"class":214},[61,14579,13516],{"class":218},[61,14581,215],{"class":214},[61,14583,83],{"class":75},[61,14585,12383],{"class":116},[61,14587,120],{"class":75},[61,14589,14590,14592,14594,14596,14599,14601,14603,14606],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,14591,127],{"class":126},[61,14593,113],{"class":75},[61,14595,215],{"class":214},[61,14597,14598],{"class":218},"Copied:",[61,14600,215],{"class":214},[61,14602,83],{"class":75},[61,14604,14605],{"class":116}," copied",[61,14607,120],{"class":75},[61,14609,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,14611,127],{"class":126},[61,14613,113],{"class":75},[61,14615,12308],{"class":116},[61,14617,12416],{"class":1490},[61,14619,14605],{"class":116},[61,14621,120],{"class":75},[14,14623,14624],{},[23,14625,139],{},[52,14627,14629],{"className":54,"code":14628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14630,14631,14663,14696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14632,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14634,13558],{"class":67},[61,14636,378],{"class":75},[61,14638,1235],{"class":75},[61,14640,299],{"class":214},[61,14642,2422],{"class":218},[61,14644,299],{"class":214},[61,14646,378],{"class":75},[61,14648,587],{"class":79},[61,14650,83],{"class":75},[61,14652,308],{"class":214},[61,14654,11967],{"class":218},[61,14656,299],{"class":214},[61,14658,378],{"class":75},[61,14660,86],{"class":79},[61,14662,162],{"class":75},[61,14664,14665,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14666,14667],{"class":67},"Copied",[61,14669,378],{"class":75},[61,14671,1235],{"class":75},[61,14673,299],{"class":214},[61,14675,2422],{"class":218},[61,14677,299],{"class":214},[61,14679,378],{"class":75},[61,14681,10418],{"class":79},[61,14683,83],{"class":75},[61,14685,308],{"class":214},[61,14687,11967],{"class":218},[61,14689,299],{"class":214},[61,14691,378],{"class":75},[61,14693,86],{"class":79},[61,14695,162],{"class":75},[61,14697,14698],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14699,1529],{"class":1523},[14,14701,14702],{},"Summary:",[34,14704,14705,14711],{},[37,14706,14707,14710],{},[18,14708,14709],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[37,14712,14713,14716],{},[18,14714,14715],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[47,14718,14720],{"id":14719},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14722,14723,378],{},[18,14724,13000],{},[34,14726,14727,14730,14733,14736],{},[37,14728,14729],{},"Returns a dictionary",[37,14731,14732],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[37,14734,14735],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[37,14737,14738],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14740,197],{},[52,14742,14744],{"className":54,"code":14743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14745,14746,14778,14794,14798,14816,14836,14840,14858],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14747,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14749,9390],{"class":67},[61,14751,72],{"class":71},[61,14753,1235],{"class":75},[61,14755,215],{"class":214},[61,14757,334],{"class":218},[61,14759,215],{"class":214},[61,14761,378],{"class":75},[61,14763,587],{"class":79},[61,14765,83],{"class":75},[61,14767,226],{"class":214},[61,14769,765],{"class":218},[61,14771,215],{"class":214},[61,14773,378],{"class":75},[61,14775,86],{"class":79},[61,14777,162],{"class":75},[61,14779,14780,14783,14785,14788,14790,14792],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14781,14782],{"class":67},"data_copy ",[61,14784,72],{"class":71},[61,14786,14787],{"class":67}," data",[61,14789,26],{"class":75},[61,14791,13135],{"class":116},[61,14793,628],{"class":75},[61,14795,14796],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,14797,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14799,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,14801,9429],{"class":67},[61,14803,4129],{"class":75},[61,14805,215],{"class":214},[61,14807,334],{"class":218},[61,14809,215],{"class":214},[61,14811,13495],{"class":75},[61,14813,13498],{"class":71},[61,14815,2828],{"class":79},[61,14817,14818,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,14819,14820],{"class":67},"data_copy",[61,14822,4129],{"class":75},[61,14824,215],{"class":214},[61,14826,765],{"class":218},[61,14828,215],{"class":214},[61,14830,13495],{"class":75},[61,14832,13498],{"class":71},[61,14834,14835],{"class":79}," 20\n",[61,14837,14838],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,14839,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,14841,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,14843,127],{"class":126},[61,14845,113],{"class":75},[61,14847,215],{"class":214},[61,14849,13516],{"class":218},[61,14851,215],{"class":214},[61,14853,83],{"class":75},[61,14855,14787],{"class":116},[61,14857,120],{"class":75},[61,14859,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14875],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,14861,127],{"class":126},[61,14863,113],{"class":75},[61,14865,215],{"class":214},[61,14867,13535],{"class":218},[61,14869,215],{"class":214},[61,14871,83],{"class":75},[61,14873,14874],{"class":116}," data_copy",[61,14876,120],{"class":75},[14,14878,14879],{},[23,14880,139],{},[52,14882,14884],{"className":54,"code":14883,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14885,14886,14918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14887,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14889,13558],{"class":67},[61,14891,378],{"class":75},[61,14893,1235],{"class":75},[61,14895,299],{"class":214},[61,14897,334],{"class":218},[61,14899,299],{"class":214},[61,14901,378],{"class":75},[61,14903,457],{"class":79},[61,14905,83],{"class":75},[61,14907,308],{"class":214},[61,14909,765],{"class":218},[61,14911,299],{"class":214},[61,14913,378],{"class":75},[61,14915,86],{"class":79},[61,14917,162],{"class":75},[61,14919,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,14921,13595],{"class":67},[61,14923,378],{"class":75},[61,14925,1235],{"class":75},[61,14927,299],{"class":214},[61,14929,334],{"class":218},[61,14931,299],{"class":214},[61,14933,378],{"class":75},[61,14935,587],{"class":79},[61,14937,83],{"class":75},[61,14939,308],{"class":214},[61,14941,765],{"class":218},[61,14943,299],{"class":214},[61,14945,378],{"class":75},[61,14947,452],{"class":79},[61,14949,162],{"class":75},[47,14951,1741],{"id":1740},[14,14953,14954,14955,378],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14956,12657],{},[34,14958,14959,14966,14971,14976],{},[37,14960,1750,14961,11313,14963,14965],{},[18,14962,72],{},[18,14964,13000],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[37,14967,4808,14968,14970],{},[18,14969,13000],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[37,14972,14973,14974],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14975,13000],{},[37,14977,14978],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14980,14981],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[52,14983,14985],{"className":54,"code":14984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14986,14987,14997,15007,15021,15044,15067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,14988,14989,14991,14993,14995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,14990,127],{"class":126},[61,14992,113],{"class":75},[61,14994,12355],{"class":116},[61,14996,120],{"class":75},[61,14998,14999,15001,15003,15005],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15000,127],{"class":126},[61,15002,113],{"class":75},[61,15004,14551],{"class":116},[61,15006,120],{"class":75},[61,15008,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15010,127],{"class":126},[61,15012,113],{"class":75},[61,15014,12308],{"class":116},[61,15016,12416],{"class":1490},[61,15018,14605],{"class":116},[61,15020,120],{"class":75},[61,15022,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15038,15040,15042],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,15024,127],{"class":126},[61,15026,113],{"class":75},[61,15028,12872],{"class":126},[61,15030,113],{"class":75},[61,15032,12355],{"class":116},[61,15034,1362],{"class":75},[61,15036,15037],{"class":126}," id",[61,15039,113],{"class":75},[61,15041,14551],{"class":116},[61,15043,480],{"class":75},[61,15045,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060,15063,15065],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,15047,127],{"class":126},[61,15049,113],{"class":75},[61,15051,12872],{"class":126},[61,15053,113],{"class":75},[61,15055,12355],{"class":116},[61,15057,4129],{"class":75},[61,15059,215],{"class":214},[61,15061,15062],{"class":218},"key",[61,15064,215],{"class":214},[61,15066,433],{"class":75},[61,15068,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,15070,127],{"class":126},[61,15072,113],{"class":75},[61,15074,12872],{"class":126},[61,15076,113],{"class":75},[61,15078,14551],{"class":116},[61,15080,4129],{"class":75},[61,15082,215],{"class":214},[61,15084,15062],{"class":218},[61,15086,215],{"class":214},[61,15088,433],{"class":75},[14,15090,15091],{},"What these help you check:",[34,15093,15094,15097,15100],{},[37,15095,15096],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[37,15098,15099],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[37,15101,15102],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15104,15105,15106,26],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[334,15107,15109],{"href":15108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[47,15111,1987],{"id":1986},[819,15113,12927,15115,15117],{"id":15114},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,15116,12657],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15119,15120],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[819,15122,15124,15125,15127],{"id":15123},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,15126,12657],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15129,15130],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[819,15132,5408,15134,4621,15136,2735],{"id":15133},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,15135,13000],{},[18,15137,72],{},[14,15139,15140,15142,15143,15145],{},[18,15141,13000],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,15144,72],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[819,15147,15149],{"id":15148},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15151,15152],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[47,15154,2144],{"id":2143},[34,15156,15157,15161,15165,15169,15176,15182],{},[37,15158,15159],{},[334,15160,11462],{"href":13250},[37,15162,15163],{},[334,15164,9380],{"href":13247},[37,15166,15167],{},[334,15168,14012],{"href":14011},[37,15170,15171],{},[334,15172,10957,15173,10961],{"href":14254},[18,15174,15175],{},"update()",[37,15177,15178],{},[334,15179,10957,15180,10961],{"href":13047},[18,15181,11541],{},[37,15183,15184],{},[334,15185,15186],{"href":15108},"How to copy a list in Python",[2169,15188,15189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":15191},[15192,15193,15195,15196,15197,15198,15200,15206,15207,15208,15217],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":13219,"depth":101,"text":15194},"What the copy() method does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":13655,"depth":101,"text":13656},{"id":14015,"depth":101,"text":15199},"When to use copy()",{"id":14264,"depth":101,"text":15201,"children":15202},"copy() vs assignment",[15203,15204],{"id":14280,"depth":123,"text":14281},{"id":14488,"depth":123,"text":15205},"Using copy()",{"id":14719,"depth":101,"text":14720},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":15209},[15210,15212,15214,15216],{"id":15114,"depth":123,"text":15211},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15123,"depth":123,"text":15213},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15133,"depth":123,"text":15215},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15148,"depth":123,"text":15149},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13053,"description":15218},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15225,"title":15226,"body":15227,"description":17424,"extension":2216,"meta":17425,"navigation":271,"path":13250,"seo":17426,"stem":17427,"__hash__":17428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15228,"toc":17386},[15229,15232,15238,15247,15249,15325,15329,15378,15381,15385,15399,15402,15406,15419,15422,15455,15469,15472,15484,15488,15491,15499,15579,15583,15636,15640,15658,15660,15742,15745,15747,15750,15753,15776,15800,15804,15812,15815,15819,15828,15833,15889,15893,15926,15932,15938,15941,15996,16000,16050,16053,16059,16062,16070,16072,16117,16122,16131,16134,16137,16184,16186,16191,16194,16288,16292,16345,16348,16404,16407,16411,16414,16428,16432,16498,16502,16527,16530,16534,16612,16616,16619,16622,16642,16645,16698,16702,16705,16708,16721,16723,16812,16819,16822,16833,16835,16838,16858,16862,16865,16874,16877,16916,16920,16922,16931,16940,16942,16980,16984,17031,17035,17056,17060,17063,17175,17180,17278,17300,17302,17306,17313,17317,17323,17327,17330,17334,17337,17344,17352,17354,17380,17383],[10,15230,15226],{"id":15231},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15233,15234,15235,15237],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[23,15236,9356],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15239,15240,15241,1881,15243,26],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[334,15242,9380],{"href":9379},[334,15244,15246],{"href":15245},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[47,15248,50],{"id":49},[52,15250,15252],{"className":54,"code":15251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15253,15254,15262,15280,15294,15307,15311,15315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15255,15256,15258,15260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15257,13087],{"class":67},[61,15259,72],{"class":71},[61,15261,11714],{"class":75},[61,15263,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15265,11719],{"class":214},[61,15267,7899],{"class":218},[61,15269,215],{"class":214},[61,15271,378],{"class":75},[61,15273,226],{"class":214},[61,15275,13104],{"class":218},[61,15277,215],{"class":214},[61,15279,11735],{"class":75},[61,15281,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15283,11719],{"class":214},[61,15285,9521],{"class":218},[61,15287,215],{"class":214},[61,15289,378],{"class":75},[61,15291,452],{"class":79},[61,15293,11735],{"class":75},[61,15295,15296,15298,15301,15303,15305],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,15297,11719],{"class":214},[61,15299,15300],{"class":218},"is_active",[61,15302,215],{"class":214},[61,15304,378],{"class":75},[61,15306,6651],{"class":1523},[61,15308,15309],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,15310,162],{"class":75},[61,15312,15313],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,15314,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,15316,15317,15319,15321,15323],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,15318,127],{"class":126},[61,15320,113],{"class":75},[61,15322,13848],{"class":116},[61,15324,120],{"class":75},[14,15326,15327],{},[23,15328,139],{},[52,15330,15332],{"className":54,"code":15331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15333,15334],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15335,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15337,149],{"class":75},[61,15339,299],{"class":214},[61,15341,7899],{"class":218},[61,15343,299],{"class":214},[61,15345,378],{"class":75},[61,15347,308],{"class":214},[61,15349,13104],{"class":218},[61,15351,299],{"class":214},[61,15353,83],{"class":75},[61,15355,308],{"class":214},[61,15357,9521],{"class":218},[61,15359,299],{"class":214},[61,15361,378],{"class":75},[61,15363,452],{"class":79},[61,15365,83],{"class":75},[61,15367,308],{"class":214},[61,15369,15300],{"class":218},[61,15371,299],{"class":214},[61,15373,378],{"class":75},[61,15375,4145],{"class":1523},[61,15377,162],{"class":75},[14,15379,15380],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[47,15382,15384],{"id":15383},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[34,15386,15387,15390,15393,15396],{},[37,15388,15389],{},"What a dictionary is",[37,15391,15392],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[37,15394,15395],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[37,15397,15398],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[47,15400,15389],{"id":15401},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15403,9353,15404,26],{},[23,15405,9356],{},[34,15407,15408,15414],{},[37,15409,15410,15411,15413],{},"A ",[23,15412,15062],{}," is the label",[37,15415,15410,15416,15418],{},[23,15417,1783],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15420,15421],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[52,15423,15425],{"className":54,"code":15424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15426,15427,15435,15451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15428,15429,15431,15433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15430,13087],{"class":67},[61,15432,72],{"class":71},[61,15434,11714],{"class":75},[61,15436,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15438,11719],{"class":214},[61,15440,7899],{"class":218},[61,15442,215],{"class":214},[61,15444,378],{"class":75},[61,15446,226],{"class":214},[61,15448,13104],{"class":218},[61,15450,1043],{"class":214},[61,15452,15453],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15454,162],{"class":75},[34,15456,15457,15463],{},[37,15458,15459,15462],{},[18,15460,15461],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[37,15464,15465,15468],{},[18,15466,15467],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15470,15471],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[34,15473,15474,15476,15478,15481],{},[37,15475,7899],{},[37,15477,9521],{},[37,15479,15480],{},"email",[37,15482,15483],{},"country",[47,15485,15487],{"id":15486},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15489,15490],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15492,165,15493,15495,15496,26],{},[18,15494,700],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15497,15498],{},"key: value",[52,15500,15502],{"className":54,"code":15501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15503,15504,15512,15530,15544,15561,15565,15569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15505,15506,15508,15510],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15507,13087],{"class":67},[61,15509,72],{"class":71},[61,15511,11714],{"class":75},[61,15513,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15515,11719],{"class":214},[61,15517,7899],{"class":218},[61,15519,215],{"class":214},[61,15521,378],{"class":75},[61,15523,226],{"class":214},[61,15525,13104],{"class":218},[61,15527,215],{"class":214},[61,15529,11735],{"class":75},[61,15531,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15533,11719],{"class":214},[61,15535,9521],{"class":218},[61,15537,215],{"class":214},[61,15539,378],{"class":75},[61,15541,452],{"class":79},[61,15543,11735],{"class":75},[61,15545,15546,15548,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,15547,11719],{"class":214},[61,15549,15550],{"class":218},"course",[61,15552,215],{"class":214},[61,15554,378],{"class":75},[61,15556,226],{"class":214},[61,15558,7527],{"class":218},[61,15560,1043],{"class":214},[61,15562,15563],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,15564,162],{"class":75},[61,15566,15567],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,15568,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,15570,15571,15573,15575,15577],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,15572,127],{"class":126},[61,15574,113],{"class":75},[61,15576,13848],{"class":116},[61,15578,120],{"class":75},[14,15580,15581],{},[23,15582,139],{},[52,15584,15586],{"className":54,"code":15585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15587,15588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15589,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15591,149],{"class":75},[61,15593,299],{"class":214},[61,15595,7899],{"class":218},[61,15597,299],{"class":214},[61,15599,378],{"class":75},[61,15601,308],{"class":214},[61,15603,13104],{"class":218},[61,15605,299],{"class":214},[61,15607,83],{"class":75},[61,15609,308],{"class":214},[61,15611,9521],{"class":218},[61,15613,299],{"class":214},[61,15615,378],{"class":75},[61,15617,452],{"class":79},[61,15619,83],{"class":75},[61,15621,308],{"class":214},[61,15623,15550],{"class":218},[61,15625,299],{"class":214},[61,15627,378],{"class":75},[61,15629,308],{"class":214},[61,15631,7527],{"class":218},[61,15633,299],{"class":214},[61,15635,162],{"class":75},[819,15637,15639],{"id":15638},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[34,15641,15642,15647,15652,15655],{},[37,15643,165,15644,15646],{},[18,15645,700],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[37,15648,15649,15650],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15651,15498],{},[37,15653,15654],{},"Separate items with commas",[37,15656,15657],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15659,197],{},[52,15661,15663],{"className":54,"code":15662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15664,15665,15674,15694,15710,15723,15727,15731],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15666,15667,15670,15672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15668,15669],{"class":67},"book ",[61,15671,72],{"class":71},[61,15673,11714],{"class":75},[61,15675,15676,15678,15681,15683,15685,15687,15690,15692],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15677,11719],{"class":214},[61,15679,15680],{"class":218},"title",[61,15682,215],{"class":214},[61,15684,378],{"class":75},[61,15686,226],{"class":214},[61,15688,15689],{"class":218},"Python Basics",[61,15691,215],{"class":214},[61,15693,11735],{"class":75},[61,15695,15696,15698,15701,15703,15705,15708],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15697,11719],{"class":214},[61,15699,15700],{"class":218},"pages",[61,15702,215],{"class":214},[61,15704,378],{"class":75},[61,15706,15707],{"class":79}," 150",[61,15709,11735],{"class":75},[61,15711,15712,15714,15717,15719,15721],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,15713,11719],{"class":214},[61,15715,15716],{"class":218},"available",[61,15718,215],{"class":214},[61,15720,378],{"class":75},[61,15722,6651],{"class":1523},[61,15724,15725],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,15726,162],{"class":75},[61,15728,15729],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,15730,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,15732,15733,15735,15737,15740],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,15734,127],{"class":126},[61,15736,113],{"class":75},[61,15738,15739],{"class":116},"book",[61,15741,120],{"class":75},[14,15743,15744],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[47,15746,9624],{"id":9623},[14,15748,15749],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15751,15752],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[52,15754,15756],{"className":54,"code":15755,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15757,15758,15766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15759,15760,15762,15764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15761,9390],{"class":67},[61,15763,72],{"class":71},[61,15765,733],{"class":75},[61,15767,15768,15770,15772,15774],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15769,127],{"class":126},[61,15771,113],{"class":75},[61,15773,9429],{"class":116},[61,15775,120],{"class":75},[52,15777,15778],{"className":54,"code":9627,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,15779,15780,15790],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15781,15782,15784,15786,15788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15783,9390],{"class":67},[61,15785,72],{"class":71},[61,15787,9395],{"class":109},[61,15789,628],{"class":75},[61,15791,15792,15794,15796,15798],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15793,127],{"class":126},[61,15795,113],{"class":75},[61,15797,9429],{"class":116},[61,15799,120],{"class":75},[14,15801,15802],{},[23,15803,139],{},[52,15805,15806],{"className":54,"code":9656,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,15807,15808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15809,15810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15811,9656],{"class":75},[14,15813,15814],{},"Both are correct.",[819,15816,15818],{"id":15817},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15820,15821,15823,15824,15827],{},[18,15822,700],{}," creates an empty ",[23,15825,15826],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15829,15830,15831,26],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15832,20],{},[52,15834,15836],{"className":54,"code":15835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15837,15838,15846,15857,15861,15875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15839,15840,15842,15844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15841,11946],{"class":67},[61,15843,72],{"class":71},[61,15845,733],{"class":75},[61,15847,15848,15851,15853,15855],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15849,15850],{"class":67},"my_set ",[61,15852,72],{"class":71},[61,15854,110],{"class":109},[61,15856,628],{"class":75},[61,15858,15859],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,15860,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,15862,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,15864,127],{"class":126},[61,15866,113],{"class":75},[61,15868,648],{"class":109},[61,15870,113],{"class":75},[61,15872,11670],{"class":116},[61,15874,480],{"class":75},[61,15876,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,15878,127],{"class":126},[61,15880,113],{"class":75},[61,15882,648],{"class":109},[61,15884,113],{"class":75},[61,15886,1937],{"class":116},[61,15888,480],{"class":75},[14,15890,15891],{},[23,15892,139],{},[52,15894,15896],{"className":54,"code":15895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15897,15898,15912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15899,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15901,672],{"class":71},[61,15903,676],{"class":675},[61,15905,308],{"class":214},[61,15907,799],{"class":218},[61,15909,299],{"class":214},[61,15911,685],{"class":71},[61,15913,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15915,672],{"class":71},[61,15917,676],{"class":675},[61,15919,308],{"class":214},[61,15921,354],{"class":218},[61,15923,299],{"class":214},[61,15925,685],{"class":71},[47,15927,15929,15930],{"id":15928},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15931,1884],{},[14,15933,15934,15935,15937],{},"You can also use ",[18,15936,1884],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15939,15940],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[52,15942,15944],{"className":54,"code":15943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15945,15946,15986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,15947,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15975,15977,15980,15982,15984],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,15949,13087],{"class":67},[61,15951,72],{"class":71},[61,15953,9395],{"class":109},[61,15955,113],{"class":75},[61,15957,7899],{"class":9400},[61,15959,72],{"class":71},[61,15961,215],{"class":214},[61,15963,13104],{"class":218},[61,15965,215],{"class":214},[61,15967,83],{"class":75},[61,15969,9413],{"class":9400},[61,15971,72],{"class":71},[61,15973,15974],{"class":79},"20",[61,15976,83],{"class":75},[61,15978,15979],{"class":9400}," active",[61,15981,72],{"class":71},[61,15983,3837],{"class":1523},[61,15985,120],{"class":75},[61,15987,15988,15990,15992,15994],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,15989,127],{"class":126},[61,15991,113],{"class":75},[61,15993,13848],{"class":116},[61,15995,120],{"class":75},[14,15997,15998],{},[23,15999,139],{},[52,16001,16003],{"className":54,"code":16002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,16004,16005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16006,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16042,16044,16046,16048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16008,149],{"class":75},[61,16010,299],{"class":214},[61,16012,7899],{"class":218},[61,16014,299],{"class":214},[61,16016,378],{"class":75},[61,16018,308],{"class":214},[61,16020,13104],{"class":218},[61,16022,299],{"class":214},[61,16024,83],{"class":75},[61,16026,308],{"class":214},[61,16028,9521],{"class":218},[61,16030,299],{"class":214},[61,16032,378],{"class":75},[61,16034,452],{"class":79},[61,16036,83],{"class":75},[61,16038,308],{"class":214},[61,16040,16041],{"class":218},"active",[61,16043,299],{"class":214},[61,16045,378],{"class":75},[61,16047,4145],{"class":1523},[61,16049,162],{"class":75},[14,16051,16052],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[819,16054,16056,16057],{"id":16055},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,16058,1884],{},[14,16060,16061],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[34,16063,16064,16067],{},[37,16065,16066],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[37,16068,16069],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16071,6917],{},[52,16073,16075],{"className":54,"code":16074,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,16076,16077,16107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16078,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16080,11709],{"class":67},[61,16082,72],{"class":71},[61,16084,9395],{"class":109},[61,16086,113],{"class":75},[61,16088,7899],{"class":9400},[61,16090,72],{"class":71},[61,16092,215],{"class":214},[61,16094,7908],{"class":218},[61,16096,215],{"class":214},[61,16098,83],{"class":75},[61,16100,9413],{"class":9400},[61,16102,72],{"class":71},[61,16104,9418],{"class":79},[61,16106,120],{"class":75},[61,16108,16109,16111,16113,16115],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16110,127],{"class":126},[61,16112,113],{"class":75},[61,16114,11803],{"class":116},[61,16116,120],{"class":75},[14,16118,4856,16119,16121],{},[23,16120,704],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[52,16123,16125],{"className":54,"code":16124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,16126,16127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16128,16129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16130,16124],{"class":3896},[14,16132,16133],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16135,16136],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[52,16138,16140],{"className":54,"code":16139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,16141,16142,16150,16166,16170,16174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16143,16144,16146,16148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16145,11709],{"class":67},[61,16147,72],{"class":71},[61,16149,11714],{"class":75},[61,16151,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16153,11719],{"class":214},[61,16155,10716],{"class":218},[61,16157,215],{"class":214},[61,16159,378],{"class":75},[61,16161,226],{"class":214},[61,16163,7908],{"class":218},[61,16165,1043],{"class":214},[61,16167,16168],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16169,162],{"class":75},[61,16171,16172],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16173,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16175,16176,16178,16180,16182],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16177,127],{"class":126},[61,16179,113],{"class":75},[61,16181,11803],{"class":116},[61,16183,120],{"class":75},[47,16185,9666],{"id":9665},[14,16187,16188,16190],{},[18,16189,1884],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16192,16193],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[52,16195,16197],{"className":54,"code":16196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16198,16199,16256,16260,16274,16278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16200,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249,16252,16254],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16202,9440],{"class":67},[61,16204,72],{"class":71},[61,16206,9445],{"class":75},[61,16208,215],{"class":214},[61,16210,7899],{"class":218},[61,16212,215],{"class":214},[61,16214,83],{"class":75},[61,16216,226],{"class":214},[61,16218,13104],{"class":218},[61,16220,215],{"class":214},[61,16222,1362],{"class":75},[61,16224,942],{"class":75},[61,16226,215],{"class":214},[61,16228,9521],{"class":218},[61,16230,215],{"class":214},[61,16232,83],{"class":75},[61,16234,452],{"class":79},[61,16236,1362],{"class":75},[61,16238,942],{"class":75},[61,16240,215],{"class":214},[61,16242,10630],{"class":218},[61,16244,215],{"class":214},[61,16246,83],{"class":75},[61,16248,226],{"class":214},[61,16250,16251],{"class":218},"Lima",[61,16253,215],{"class":214},[61,16255,9472],{"class":75},[61,16257,16258],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16259,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16261,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16263,13087],{"class":67},[61,16265,72],{"class":71},[61,16267,9395],{"class":109},[61,16269,113],{"class":75},[61,16271,9485],{"class":116},[61,16273,120],{"class":75},[61,16275,16276],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16277,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16279,16280,16282,16284,16286],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16281,127],{"class":126},[61,16283,113],{"class":75},[61,16285,13848],{"class":116},[61,16287,120],{"class":75},[14,16289,16290],{},[23,16291,139],{},[52,16293,16295],{"className":54,"code":16294,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16296,16297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16298,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16300,149],{"class":75},[61,16302,299],{"class":214},[61,16304,7899],{"class":218},[61,16306,299],{"class":214},[61,16308,378],{"class":75},[61,16310,308],{"class":214},[61,16312,13104],{"class":218},[61,16314,299],{"class":214},[61,16316,83],{"class":75},[61,16318,308],{"class":214},[61,16320,9521],{"class":218},[61,16322,299],{"class":214},[61,16324,378],{"class":75},[61,16326,452],{"class":79},[61,16328,83],{"class":75},[61,16330,308],{"class":214},[61,16332,10630],{"class":218},[61,16334,299],{"class":214},[61,16336,378],{"class":75},[61,16338,308],{"class":214},[61,16340,16251],{"class":218},[61,16342,299],{"class":214},[61,16344,162],{"class":75},[14,16346,16347],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[52,16349,16351],{"className":54,"code":16350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16352,16353,16394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16354,16355,16357,16359,16361,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16356,13087],{"class":67},[61,16358,72],{"class":71},[61,16360,9395],{"class":109},[61,16362,16363],{"class":75},"(((",[61,16365,215],{"class":214},[61,16367,7899],{"class":218},[61,16369,215],{"class":214},[61,16371,83],{"class":75},[61,16373,226],{"class":214},[61,16375,13104],{"class":218},[61,16377,215],{"class":214},[61,16379,1362],{"class":75},[61,16381,942],{"class":75},[61,16383,215],{"class":214},[61,16385,9521],{"class":218},[61,16387,215],{"class":214},[61,16389,83],{"class":75},[61,16391,452],{"class":79},[61,16393,460],{"class":75},[61,16395,16396,16398,16400,16402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16397,127],{"class":126},[61,16399,113],{"class":75},[61,16401,13848],{"class":116},[61,16403,120],{"class":75},[14,16405,16406],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[47,16408,16410],{"id":16409},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16412,16413],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[34,16415,16416,16419,16422,16425],{},[37,16417,16418],{},"Keys must be unique",[37,16420,16421],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[37,16423,16424],{},"Values can repeat",[37,16426,16427],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[819,16429,16431],{"id":16430},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[52,16433,16435],{"className":54,"code":16434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16436,16437,16445,16463,16480,16484,16488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16438,16439,16441,16443],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16440,9390],{"class":67},[61,16442,72],{"class":71},[61,16444,11714],{"class":75},[61,16446,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16448,11719],{"class":214},[61,16450,7899],{"class":218},[61,16452,215],{"class":214},[61,16454,378],{"class":75},[61,16456,226],{"class":214},[61,16458,13104],{"class":218},[61,16460,215],{"class":214},[61,16462,11735],{"class":75},[61,16464,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16478],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16466,11719],{"class":214},[61,16468,7899],{"class":218},[61,16470,215],{"class":214},[61,16472,378],{"class":75},[61,16474,226],{"class":214},[61,16476,16477],{"class":218},"Maria",[61,16479,1043],{"class":214},[61,16481,16482],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16483,162],{"class":75},[61,16485,16486],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16487,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16489,16490,16492,16494,16496],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,16491,127],{"class":126},[61,16493,113],{"class":75},[61,16495,9429],{"class":116},[61,16497,120],{"class":75},[14,16499,16500],{},[23,16501,139],{},[52,16503,16505],{"className":54,"code":16504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16506,16507],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16508,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16510,149],{"class":75},[61,16512,299],{"class":214},[61,16514,7899],{"class":218},[61,16516,299],{"class":214},[61,16518,378],{"class":75},[61,16520,308],{"class":214},[61,16522,16477],{"class":218},[61,16524,299],{"class":214},[61,16526,162],{"class":75},[14,16528,16529],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[819,16531,16533],{"id":16532},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[52,16535,16537],{"className":54,"code":16536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16538,16539,16547,16563,16579,16593,16597,16601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16540,16541,16543,16545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16542,5292],{"class":67},[61,16544,72],{"class":71},[61,16546,11714],{"class":75},[61,16548,16549,16552,16554,16556,16559,16561],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16550,16551],{"class":79},"    1",[61,16553,378],{"class":75},[61,16555,226],{"class":214},[61,16557,16558],{"class":218},"low",[61,16560,215],{"class":214},[61,16562,11735],{"class":75},[61,16564,16565,16568,16570,16572,16575,16577],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16566,16567],{"class":79},"    2",[61,16569,378],{"class":75},[61,16571,226],{"class":214},[61,16573,16574],{"class":218},"medium",[61,16576,215],{"class":214},[61,16578,11735],{"class":75},[61,16580,16581,16584,16586,16588,16591],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16582,16583],{"class":79},"    3",[61,16585,378],{"class":75},[61,16587,226],{"class":214},[61,16589,16590],{"class":218},"high",[61,16592,1043],{"class":214},[61,16594,16595],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16596,162],{"class":75},[61,16598,16599],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,16600,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16602,16603,16605,16607,16610],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,16604,127],{"class":126},[61,16606,113],{"class":75},[61,16608,16609],{"class":116},"scores",[61,16611,120],{"class":75},[819,16613,16615],{"id":16614},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16617,16618],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16620,16621],{},"This will cause an error:",[52,16623,16625],{"className":54,"code":16624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16626,16627,16632,16637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16628,16629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16630,16631],{"class":3896},"# bad = {\n",[61,16633,16634],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16635,16636],{"class":3896},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[61,16638,16639],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16640,16641],{"class":3896},"# }\n",[14,16643,16644],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[52,16646,16648],{"className":54,"code":16647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16649,16650,16659,16679,16683,16687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16651,16652,16655,16657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16653,16654],{"class":67},"good ",[61,16656,72],{"class":71},[61,16658,11714],{"class":75},[61,16660,16661,16664,16666,16668,16670,16673,16675,16677],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16662,16663],{"class":75},"    (",[61,16665,80],{"class":79},[61,16667,83],{"class":75},[61,16669,86],{"class":79},[61,16671,16672],{"class":75},"):",[61,16674,226],{"class":214},[61,16676,117],{"class":218},[61,16678,1043],{"class":214},[61,16680,16681],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16682,162],{"class":75},[61,16684,16685],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16686,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16688,16689,16691,16693,16696],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16690,127],{"class":126},[61,16692,113],{"class":75},[61,16694,16695],{"class":116},"good",[61,16697,120],{"class":75},[47,16699,16701],{"id":16700},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16703,16704],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16706,16707],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[34,16709,16710,16713,16715,16718],{},[37,16711,16712],{},"user data",[37,16714,14106],{},[37,16716,16717],{},"counters",[37,16719,16720],{},"lookups",[14,16722,197],{},[52,16724,16726],{"className":54,"code":16725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16727,16728,16736,16755,16774,16786,16790,16794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16729,16730,16732,16734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16731,11709],{"class":67},[61,16733,72],{"class":71},[61,16735,11714],{"class":75},[61,16737,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16751,16753],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16739,11719],{"class":214},[61,16741,8215],{"class":218},[61,16743,215],{"class":214},[61,16745,378],{"class":75},[61,16747,226],{"class":214},[61,16749,16750],{"class":218},"ana123",[61,16752,215],{"class":214},[61,16754,11735],{"class":75},[61,16756,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16770,16772],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,16758,11719],{"class":214},[61,16760,15480],{"class":218},[61,16762,215],{"class":214},[61,16764,378],{"class":75},[61,16766,226],{"class":214},[61,16768,16769],{"class":218},"ana@example.com",[61,16771,215],{"class":214},[61,16773,11735],{"class":75},[61,16775,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,16777,11719],{"class":214},[61,16779,12737],{"class":218},[61,16781,215],{"class":214},[61,16783,378],{"class":75},[61,16785,6651],{"class":1523},[61,16787,16788],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,16789,162],{"class":75},[61,16791,16792],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,16793,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,16795,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,16797,127],{"class":126},[61,16799,113],{"class":75},[61,16801,11803],{"class":116},[61,16803,4129],{"class":75},[61,16805,215],{"class":214},[61,16807,15480],{"class":218},[61,16809,215],{"class":214},[61,16811,1474],{"class":75},[14,16813,16814,16815,26],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[334,16816,16818],{"href":16817},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16820,16821],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[34,16823,16824,16827,16830],{},[37,16825,16826],{},"labels are not needed",[37,16828,16829],{},"you mostly care about position",[37,16831,16832],{},"order matters more than named fields",[47,16834,1741],{"id":1740},[14,16836,16837],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[34,16839,16840,16843,16846,16849,16852],{},[37,16841,16842],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[37,16844,16845],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[37,16847,16848],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[37,16850,16851],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[37,16853,16854,16855,16857],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16856,700],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[819,16859,16861],{"id":16860},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16863,16864],{},"Wrong:",[52,16866,16868],{"className":54,"code":16867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16869,16870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16871,16872],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16873,16867],{"class":3896},[14,16875,16876],{},"Correct:",[52,16878,16880],{"className":54,"code":16879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16881,16882,16906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16883,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16885,13087],{"class":67},[61,16887,72],{"class":71},[61,16889,1235],{"class":75},[61,16891,215],{"class":214},[61,16893,7899],{"class":218},[61,16895,215],{"class":214},[61,16897,378],{"class":75},[61,16899,226],{"class":214},[61,16901,13104],{"class":218},[61,16903,215],{"class":214},[61,16905,162],{"class":75},[61,16907,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16909,127],{"class":126},[61,16911,113],{"class":75},[61,16913,13848],{"class":116},[61,16915,120],{"class":75},[819,16917,16919],{"id":16918},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16921,16864],{},[52,16923,16925],{"className":54,"code":16924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16926,16927],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16928,16929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16930,16924],{"class":3896},[14,16932,16933,16934,16936,16937,16939],{},"This only works if ",[18,16935,7899],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16938,15461],{},", use quotes.",[14,16941,16876],{},[52,16943,16944],{"className":54,"code":16879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,16945,16946,16970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16947,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16949,13087],{"class":67},[61,16951,72],{"class":71},[61,16953,1235],{"class":75},[61,16955,215],{"class":214},[61,16957,7899],{"class":218},[61,16959,215],{"class":214},[61,16961,378],{"class":75},[61,16963,226],{"class":214},[61,16965,13104],{"class":218},[61,16967,215],{"class":214},[61,16969,162],{"class":75},[61,16971,16972,16974,16976,16978],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,16973,127],{"class":126},[61,16975,113],{"class":75},[61,16977,13848],{"class":116},[61,16979,120],{"class":75},[819,16981,16983],{"id":16982},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[52,16985,16987],{"className":54,"code":16986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16988,16989,17021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,16990,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,16992,9390],{"class":67},[61,16994,72],{"class":71},[61,16996,1235],{"class":75},[61,16998,215],{"class":214},[61,17000,9521],{"class":218},[61,17002,215],{"class":214},[61,17004,378],{"class":75},[61,17006,452],{"class":79},[61,17008,83],{"class":75},[61,17010,226],{"class":214},[61,17012,9521],{"class":218},[61,17014,215],{"class":214},[61,17016,378],{"class":75},[61,17018,8025],{"class":79},[61,17020,162],{"class":75},[61,17022,17023,17025,17027,17029],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17024,127],{"class":126},[61,17026,113],{"class":75},[61,17028,9429],{"class":116},[61,17030,120],{"class":75},[14,17032,17033],{},[23,17034,139],{},[52,17036,17038],{"className":54,"code":17037,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,17039,17040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17041,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17043,149],{"class":75},[61,17045,299],{"class":214},[61,17047,9521],{"class":218},[61,17049,299],{"class":214},[61,17051,378],{"class":75},[61,17053,8025],{"class":79},[61,17055,162],{"class":75},[47,17057,17059],{"id":17058},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17061,17062],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[52,17064,17066],{"className":54,"code":17065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,17067,17068,17104,17108,17118,17132,17147,17161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17069,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17071,11946],{"class":67},[61,17073,72],{"class":71},[61,17075,1235],{"class":75},[61,17077,215],{"class":214},[61,17079,7899],{"class":218},[61,17081,215],{"class":214},[61,17083,378],{"class":75},[61,17085,226],{"class":214},[61,17087,13104],{"class":218},[61,17089,215],{"class":214},[61,17091,83],{"class":75},[61,17093,226],{"class":214},[61,17095,9521],{"class":218},[61,17097,215],{"class":214},[61,17099,378],{"class":75},[61,17101,452],{"class":79},[61,17103,162],{"class":75},[61,17105,17106],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17107,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,17109,17110,17112,17114,17116],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,17111,127],{"class":126},[61,17113,113],{"class":75},[61,17115,11670],{"class":116},[61,17117,120],{"class":75},[61,17119,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,17121,127],{"class":126},[61,17123,113],{"class":75},[61,17125,648],{"class":109},[61,17127,113],{"class":75},[61,17129,11670],{"class":116},[61,17131,480],{"class":75},[61,17133,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17145],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,17135,127],{"class":126},[61,17137,113],{"class":75},[61,17139,11670],{"class":116},[61,17141,26],{"class":75},[61,17143,17144],{"class":116},"keys",[61,17146,7424],{"class":75},[61,17148,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,17150,127],{"class":126},[61,17152,113],{"class":75},[61,17154,11670],{"class":116},[61,17156,26],{"class":75},[61,17158,974],{"class":116},[61,17160,7424],{"class":75},[61,17162,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,17164,127],{"class":126},[61,17166,113],{"class":75},[61,17168,1948],{"class":126},[61,17170,113],{"class":75},[61,17172,11670],{"class":116},[61,17174,480],{"class":75},[14,17176,17177],{},[23,17178,17179],{},"Example output:",[52,17181,17183],{"className":54,"code":17182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17184,17185,17217,17231,17254,17273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17186,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17188,149],{"class":75},[61,17190,299],{"class":214},[61,17192,7899],{"class":218},[61,17194,299],{"class":214},[61,17196,378],{"class":75},[61,17198,308],{"class":214},[61,17200,13104],{"class":218},[61,17202,299],{"class":214},[61,17204,83],{"class":75},[61,17206,308],{"class":214},[61,17208,9521],{"class":218},[61,17210,299],{"class":214},[61,17212,378],{"class":75},[61,17214,452],{"class":79},[61,17216,162],{"class":75},[61,17218,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17220,672],{"class":71},[61,17222,676],{"class":675},[61,17224,308],{"class":214},[61,17226,799],{"class":218},[61,17228,299],{"class":214},[61,17230,685],{"class":71},[61,17232,17233,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,17234,17235],{"class":116},"dict_keys",[61,17237,416],{"class":75},[61,17239,299],{"class":214},[61,17241,7899],{"class":218},[61,17243,299],{"class":214},[61,17245,83],{"class":75},[61,17247,308],{"class":214},[61,17249,9521],{"class":218},[61,17251,299],{"class":214},[61,17253,1474],{"class":75},[61,17255,17256,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,17257,17258],{"class":116},"dict_values",[61,17260,416],{"class":75},[61,17262,299],{"class":214},[61,17264,13104],{"class":218},[61,17266,299],{"class":214},[61,17268,83],{"class":75},[61,17270,452],{"class":79},[61,17272,1474],{"class":75},[61,17274,17275],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,17276,17277],{"class":79},"2\n",[14,17279,17280,17281,2437,17287,17293,17294,26],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[334,17282,10957,17284],{"href":17283},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17285,17286],{},"keys()",[334,17288,10957,17290],{"href":17289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17291,17292],{},"values()",", and ",[334,17295,10957,17297],{"href":17296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17298,17299],{},"items()",[47,17301,1987],{"id":1986},[819,17303,17305],{"id":17304},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17307,165,17308,1881,17310,17312],{},[18,17309,700],{},[18,17311,1884],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[819,17314,17316],{"id":17315},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17318,17319,17320,26],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17321,17322],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[819,17324,17326],{"id":17325},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17328,17329],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[819,17331,17333],{"id":17332},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17335,17336],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[819,17338,5408,17340,4621,17342,2735],{"id":17339},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17341,700],{},[18,17343,1884],{},[14,17345,17346,17348,17349,17351],{},[18,17347,700],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17350,1884],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[47,17353,2144],{"id":2143},[34,17355,17356,17360,17366,17370,17376],{},[37,17357,17358],{},[334,17359,9380],{"href":9379},[37,17361,17362],{},[334,17363,10957,17364,10961],{"href":10956},[18,17365,10960],{},[37,17367,17368],{},[334,17369,11471],{"href":10951},[37,17371,17372],{},[334,17373,17375],{"href":17374},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[37,17377,17378],{},[334,17379,11482],{"href":11295},[14,17381,17382],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2169,17384,17385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":17387},[17388,17389,17390,17391,17394,17397,17402,17403,17408,17409,17414,17415,17423],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":15401,"depth":101,"text":15389},{"id":15486,"depth":101,"text":15487,"children":17392},[17393],{"id":15638,"depth":123,"text":15639},{"id":9623,"depth":101,"text":9624,"children":17395},[17396],{"id":15817,"depth":123,"text":15818},{"id":15928,"depth":101,"text":17398,"children":17399},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17400],{"id":16055,"depth":123,"text":17401},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9665,"depth":101,"text":9666},{"id":16409,"depth":101,"text":16410,"children":17404},[17405,17406,17407],{"id":16430,"depth":123,"text":16431},{"id":16532,"depth":123,"text":16533},{"id":16614,"depth":123,"text":16615},{"id":16700,"depth":101,"text":16701},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":17410},[17411,17412,17413],{"id":16860,"depth":123,"text":16861},{"id":16918,"depth":123,"text":16919},{"id":16982,"depth":123,"text":16983},{"id":17058,"depth":101,"text":17059},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":17416},[17417,17418,17419,17420,17421],{"id":17304,"depth":123,"text":17305},{"id":17315,"depth":123,"text":17316},{"id":17325,"depth":123,"text":17326},{"id":17332,"depth":123,"text":17333},{"id":17339,"depth":123,"text":17422},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15226,"description":17424},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17430,"title":17431,"body":17432,"description":19880,"extension":2216,"meta":19881,"navigation":271,"path":19882,"seo":19883,"stem":19884,"__hash__":19885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17433,"toc":19836},[17434,17440,17446,17449,17452,17454,17536,17542,17547,17551,17569,17581,17586,17590,17613,17617,17629,17637,17641,17647,17649,17652,17725,17727,17772,17774,17791,17796,17802,17807,17881,17883,17928,17931,17942,17944,18063,18065,18118,18125,18129,18132,18149,18155,18159,18257,18259,18310,18317,18321,18327,18330,18333,18360,18365,18369,18372,18476,18478,18523,18526,18529,18534,18539,18550,18552,18613,18673,18679,18687,18693,18698,18703,18763,18767,18834,18837,18841,18912,18915,18928,18935,18937,18941,18945,19016,19018,19055,19058,19061,19124,19131,19134,19176,19186,19189,19258,19264,19269,19353,19355,19404,19411,19417,19462,19464,19497,19502,19506,19512,19551,19595,19663,19706,19708,19714,19717,19721,19726,19730,19733,19737,19739,19800,19802,19828,19833],[10,17435,11538,17437,11542],{"id":17436},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17438,17439],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17441,17442,17445],{},[18,17443,17444],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17447,17448],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17450,17451],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[47,17453,50],{"id":49},[52,17455,17457],{"className":54,"code":17456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17458,17459,17492,17520,17531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17460,17461,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17462,17463],{"class":67},"keys ",[61,17465,72],{"class":71},[61,17467,76],{"class":75},[61,17469,215],{"class":214},[61,17471,7899],{"class":218},[61,17473,215],{"class":214},[61,17475,83],{"class":75},[61,17477,226],{"class":214},[61,17479,9521],{"class":218},[61,17481,215],{"class":214},[61,17483,83],{"class":75},[61,17485,226],{"class":214},[61,17487,10630],{"class":218},[61,17489,215],{"class":214},[61,17491,98],{"class":75},[61,17493,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17516,17518],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17495,13426],{"class":67},[61,17497,72],{"class":71},[61,17499,9395],{"class":109},[61,17501,26],{"class":75},[61,17503,17504],{"class":116},"fromkeys",[61,17506,113],{"class":75},[61,17508,17144],{"class":116},[61,17510,83],{"class":75},[61,17512,226],{"class":214},[61,17514,17515],{"class":218},"unknown",[61,17517,215],{"class":214},[61,17519,120],{"class":75},[61,17521,17522,17524,17526,17529],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,17523,127],{"class":126},[61,17525,113],{"class":75},[61,17527,17528],{"class":116},"person",[61,17530,120],{"class":75},[61,17532,17533],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,17534,17535],{"class":3896},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17537,165,17538,17541],{},[18,17539,17540],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[47,17543,3911,17545,3914],{"id":17544},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17546,17444],{},[14,17548,17549,378],{},[18,17550,17444],{},[34,17552,17553,17556,17559,17562],{},[37,17554,17555],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[37,17557,17558],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[37,17560,17561],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[37,17563,17564,17565,17568],{},"Is called as ",[18,17566,17567],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17570,17571,17572,17574,17575,17577,17578,26],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17573,799],{},", so you write ",[18,17576,17567],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17579,17580],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17582,17583,17584,26],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[334,17585,9380],{"href":13247},[47,17587,17589],{"id":17588},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[52,17591,17593],{"className":54,"code":17592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17594,17595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17596,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17598,799],{"class":109},[61,17600,26],{"class":75},[61,17602,17504],{"class":116},[61,17604,113],{"class":75},[61,17606,359],{"class":116},[61,17608,83],{"class":75},[61,17610,8663],{"class":116},[61,17612,120],{"class":75},[819,17614,17616],{"id":17615},"parameters","Parameters",[34,17618,17619,17624],{},[37,17620,17621,17623],{},[18,17622,359],{},": the keys to use",[37,17625,17626,17628],{},[18,17627,1783],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17630,17631,17632,17634,17635,26],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17633,1783],{},", each key gets ",[18,17636,4012],{},[819,17638,17640],{"id":17639},"return-value","Return value",[14,17642,17643,17644,26],{},"It returns a ",[23,17645,17646],{},"new dictionary",[47,17648,6015],{"id":6014},[14,17650,17651],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[52,17653,17655],{"className":54,"code":17654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17656,17657,17689,17711,17715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17658,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17660,17463],{"class":67},[61,17662,72],{"class":71},[61,17664,76],{"class":75},[61,17666,215],{"class":214},[61,17668,219],{"class":218},[61,17670,215],{"class":214},[61,17672,83],{"class":75},[61,17674,226],{"class":214},[61,17676,246],{"class":218},[61,17678,215],{"class":214},[61,17680,83],{"class":75},[61,17682,226],{"class":214},[61,17684,229],{"class":218},[61,17686,215],{"class":214},[61,17688,98],{"class":75},[61,17690,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17692,207],{"class":67},[61,17694,72],{"class":71},[61,17696,9395],{"class":109},[61,17698,26],{"class":75},[61,17700,17504],{"class":116},[61,17702,113],{"class":75},[61,17704,17144],{"class":116},[61,17706,83],{"class":75},[61,17708,4065],{"class":79},[61,17710,120],{"class":75},[61,17712,17713],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,17714,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,17716,17717,17719,17721,17723],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,17718,127],{"class":126},[61,17720,113],{"class":75},[61,17722,264],{"class":116},[61,17724,120],{"class":75},[14,17726,139],{},[52,17728,17730],{"className":54,"code":17729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17731,17732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17733,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17735,149],{"class":75},[61,17737,299],{"class":214},[61,17739,219],{"class":218},[61,17741,299],{"class":214},[61,17743,378],{"class":75},[61,17745,4065],{"class":79},[61,17747,83],{"class":75},[61,17749,308],{"class":214},[61,17751,246],{"class":218},[61,17753,299],{"class":214},[61,17755,378],{"class":75},[61,17757,4065],{"class":79},[61,17759,83],{"class":75},[61,17761,308],{"class":214},[61,17763,229],{"class":218},[61,17765,299],{"class":214},[61,17767,378],{"class":75},[61,17769,4065],{"class":79},[61,17771,162],{"class":75},[14,17773,11905],{},[34,17775,17776,17781,17786],{},[37,17777,17778,17780],{},[18,17779,17144],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[37,17782,17783,17785],{},[18,17784,582],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[37,17787,17788,17790],{},[18,17789,17444],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17792,17793,17794,26],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[334,17795,9613],{"href":13250},[47,17797,1750,17799,17801],{"id":17798},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17800,17439],{}," without a value",[14,17803,17804,17805,26],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17806,4012],{},[52,17808,17810],{"className":54,"code":17809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17811,17812,17846,17866,17870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17813,17814,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17842,17844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17815,17816],{"class":67},"fields ",[61,17818,72],{"class":71},[61,17820,76],{"class":75},[61,17822,215],{"class":214},[61,17824,8215],{"class":218},[61,17826,215],{"class":214},[61,17828,83],{"class":75},[61,17830,226],{"class":214},[61,17832,15480],{"class":218},[61,17834,215],{"class":214},[61,17836,83],{"class":75},[61,17838,226],{"class":214},[61,17840,17841],{"class":218},"password",[61,17843,215],{"class":214},[61,17845,98],{"class":75},[61,17847,17848,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17864],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17849,17850],{"class":67},"user_data ",[61,17852,72],{"class":71},[61,17854,9395],{"class":109},[61,17856,26],{"class":75},[61,17858,17504],{"class":116},[61,17860,113],{"class":75},[61,17862,17863],{"class":116},"fields",[61,17865,120],{"class":75},[61,17867,17868],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,17869,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,17871,17872,17874,17876,17879],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,17873,127],{"class":126},[61,17875,113],{"class":75},[61,17877,17878],{"class":116},"user_data",[61,17880,120],{"class":75},[14,17882,139],{},[52,17884,17886],{"className":54,"code":17885,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17887,17888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17889,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17891,149],{"class":75},[61,17893,299],{"class":214},[61,17895,8215],{"class":218},[61,17897,299],{"class":214},[61,17899,378],{"class":75},[61,17901,4083],{"class":1523},[61,17903,83],{"class":75},[61,17905,308],{"class":214},[61,17907,15480],{"class":218},[61,17909,299],{"class":214},[61,17911,378],{"class":75},[61,17913,4083],{"class":1523},[61,17915,83],{"class":75},[61,17917,308],{"class":214},[61,17919,17841],{"class":218},[61,17921,299],{"class":214},[61,17923,378],{"class":75},[61,17925,4083],{"class":1523},[61,17927,162],{"class":75},[14,17929,17930],{},"This is useful when:",[34,17932,17933,17936,17939],{},[37,17934,17935],{},"You want to create the keys first",[37,17937,17938],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[37,17940,17941],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17943,197],{},[52,17945,17947],{"className":54,"code":17946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17948,17949,17981,17999,18003,18026,18049,18053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,17950,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,17952,17816],{"class":67},[61,17954,72],{"class":71},[61,17956,76],{"class":75},[61,17958,215],{"class":214},[61,17960,8215],{"class":218},[61,17962,215],{"class":214},[61,17964,83],{"class":75},[61,17966,226],{"class":214},[61,17968,15480],{"class":218},[61,17970,215],{"class":214},[61,17972,83],{"class":75},[61,17974,226],{"class":214},[61,17976,17841],{"class":218},[61,17978,215],{"class":214},[61,17980,98],{"class":75},[61,17982,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,17984,17850],{"class":67},[61,17986,72],{"class":71},[61,17988,9395],{"class":109},[61,17990,26],{"class":75},[61,17992,17504],{"class":116},[61,17994,113],{"class":75},[61,17996,17863],{"class":116},[61,17998,120],{"class":75},[61,18000,18001],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,18002,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18004,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18024],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,18006,17878],{"class":67},[61,18008,4129],{"class":75},[61,18010,215],{"class":214},[61,18012,8215],{"class":218},[61,18014,215],{"class":214},[61,18016,13495],{"class":75},[61,18018,13498],{"class":71},[61,18020,226],{"class":214},[61,18022,18023],{"class":218},"alice",[61,18025,1043],{"class":214},[61,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18047],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,18029,17878],{"class":67},[61,18031,4129],{"class":75},[61,18033,215],{"class":214},[61,18035,15480],{"class":218},[61,18037,215],{"class":214},[61,18039,13495],{"class":75},[61,18041,13498],{"class":71},[61,18043,226],{"class":214},[61,18045,18046],{"class":218},"alice@example.com",[61,18048,1043],{"class":214},[61,18050,18051],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,18052,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18054,18055,18057,18059,18061],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,18056,127],{"class":126},[61,18058,113],{"class":75},[61,18060,17878],{"class":116},[61,18062,120],{"class":75},[14,18064,139],{},[52,18066,18068],{"className":54,"code":18067,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,18069,18070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18071,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18073,149],{"class":75},[61,18075,299],{"class":214},[61,18077,8215],{"class":218},[61,18079,299],{"class":214},[61,18081,378],{"class":75},[61,18083,308],{"class":214},[61,18085,18023],{"class":218},[61,18087,299],{"class":214},[61,18089,83],{"class":75},[61,18091,308],{"class":214},[61,18093,15480],{"class":218},[61,18095,299],{"class":214},[61,18097,378],{"class":75},[61,18099,308],{"class":214},[61,18101,18046],{"class":218},[61,18103,299],{"class":214},[61,18105,83],{"class":75},[61,18107,308],{"class":214},[61,18109,17841],{"class":218},[61,18111,299],{"class":214},[61,18113,378],{"class":75},[61,18115,4083],{"class":1523},[61,18117,162],{"class":75},[14,18119,18120,18121,26],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[334,18122,18124],{"href":18123},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[47,18126,18128],{"id":18127},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18130,18131],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[34,18133,18134,18139,18144],{},[37,18135,18136,18138],{},[18,18137,4021],{}," (list)",[37,18140,18141,18143],{},[18,18142,700],{}," (dictionary)",[37,18145,18146,18148],{},[18,18147,20],{}," (set)",[14,18150,18151,18152,26],{},"All keys will point to the ",[23,18153,18154],{},"same object",[819,18156,18158],{"id":18157},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[52,18160,18162],{"className":54,"code":18161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18163,18164,18196,18217,18221,18243,18247],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18165,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18167,17463],{"class":67},[61,18169,72],{"class":71},[61,18171,76],{"class":75},[61,18173,215],{"class":214},[61,18175,334],{"class":218},[61,18177,215],{"class":214},[61,18179,83],{"class":75},[61,18181,226],{"class":214},[61,18183,765],{"class":218},[61,18185,215],{"class":214},[61,18187,83],{"class":75},[61,18189,226],{"class":214},[61,18191,9961],{"class":218},[61,18193,215],{"class":214},[61,18195,98],{"class":75},[61,18197,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18199,9390],{"class":67},[61,18201,72],{"class":71},[61,18203,9395],{"class":109},[61,18205,26],{"class":75},[61,18207,17504],{"class":116},[61,18209,113],{"class":75},[61,18211,17144],{"class":116},[61,18213,83],{"class":75},[61,18215,18216],{"class":75}," [])\n",[61,18218,18219],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,18220,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18222,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,18224,9429],{"class":67},[61,18226,4129],{"class":75},[61,18228,215],{"class":214},[61,18230,334],{"class":218},[61,18232,215],{"class":214},[61,18234,13772],{"class":75},[61,18236,13775],{"class":116},[61,18238,113],{"class":75},[61,18240,80],{"class":79},[61,18242,120],{"class":75},[61,18244,18245],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,18246,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18248,18249,18251,18253,18255],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,18250,127],{"class":126},[61,18252,113],{"class":75},[61,18254,9429],{"class":116},[61,18256,120],{"class":75},[14,18258,139],{},[52,18260,18262],{"className":54,"code":18261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18263,18264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18265,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18267,149],{"class":75},[61,18269,299],{"class":214},[61,18271,334],{"class":218},[61,18273,299],{"class":214},[61,18275,378],{"class":75},[61,18277,76],{"class":75},[61,18279,80],{"class":79},[61,18281,1316],{"class":75},[61,18283,308],{"class":214},[61,18285,765],{"class":218},[61,18287,299],{"class":214},[61,18289,378],{"class":75},[61,18291,76],{"class":75},[61,18293,80],{"class":79},[61,18295,1316],{"class":75},[61,18297,308],{"class":214},[61,18299,9961],{"class":218},[61,18301,299],{"class":214},[61,18303,378],{"class":75},[61,18305,76],{"class":75},[61,18307,80],{"class":79},[61,18309,1328],{"class":75},[14,18311,18312,18313,18316],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18314,18315],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[819,18318,18320],{"id":18319},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18322,18323,18326],{},[18,18324,18325],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18328,18329],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18331,18332],{},"So this:",[52,18334,18336],{"className":54,"code":18335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18337,18338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18339,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18341,9429],{"class":67},[61,18343,4129],{"class":75},[61,18345,215],{"class":214},[61,18347,334],{"class":218},[61,18349,215],{"class":214},[61,18351,13772],{"class":75},[61,18353,13775],{"class":116},[61,18355,113],{"class":75},[61,18357,80],{"class":79},[61,18359,120],{"class":75},[14,18361,18362,18363,26],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18364,18315],{},[819,18366,18368],{"id":18367},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18370,18371],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[52,18373,18375],{"className":54,"code":18374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18376,18377,18409,18436,18440,18462,18466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18378,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18380,17463],{"class":67},[61,18382,72],{"class":71},[61,18384,76],{"class":75},[61,18386,215],{"class":214},[61,18388,334],{"class":218},[61,18390,215],{"class":214},[61,18392,83],{"class":75},[61,18394,226],{"class":214},[61,18396,765],{"class":218},[61,18398,215],{"class":214},[61,18400,83],{"class":75},[61,18402,226],{"class":214},[61,18404,9961],{"class":218},[61,18406,215],{"class":214},[61,18408,98],{"class":75},[61,18410,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18424,18426,18429,18431,18434],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18412,9390],{"class":67},[61,18414,72],{"class":71},[61,18416,1235],{"class":75},[61,18418,15062],{"class":67},[61,18420,378],{"class":75},[61,18422,18423],{"class":75}," []",[61,18425,4107],{"class":1490},[61,18427,18428],{"class":67}," key ",[61,18430,1433],{"class":1490},[61,18432,18433],{"class":67}," keys",[61,18435,162],{"class":75},[61,18437,18438],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,18439,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18441,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,18443,9429],{"class":67},[61,18445,4129],{"class":75},[61,18447,215],{"class":214},[61,18449,334],{"class":218},[61,18451,215],{"class":214},[61,18453,13772],{"class":75},[61,18455,13775],{"class":116},[61,18457,113],{"class":75},[61,18459,80],{"class":79},[61,18461,120],{"class":75},[61,18463,18464],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,18465,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,18467,18468,18470,18472,18474],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,18469,127],{"class":126},[61,18471,113],{"class":75},[61,18473,9429],{"class":116},[61,18475,120],{"class":75},[14,18477,139],{},[52,18479,18481],{"className":54,"code":18480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18482,18483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18484,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18486,149],{"class":75},[61,18488,299],{"class":214},[61,18490,334],{"class":218},[61,18492,299],{"class":214},[61,18494,378],{"class":75},[61,18496,76],{"class":75},[61,18498,80],{"class":79},[61,18500,1316],{"class":75},[61,18502,308],{"class":214},[61,18504,765],{"class":218},[61,18506,299],{"class":214},[61,18508,378],{"class":75},[61,18510,18511],{"class":75}," [],",[61,18513,308],{"class":214},[61,18515,9961],{"class":218},[61,18517,299],{"class":214},[61,18519,378],{"class":75},[61,18521,18522],{"class":75}," []}\n",[14,18524,18525],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18527,18528],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[47,18530,5189,18532],{"id":18531},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18533,17439],{},[14,18535,18536,18538],{},[18,18537,17444],{}," is a good choice when:",[34,18540,18541,18544,18547],{},[37,18542,18543],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[37,18545,18546],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[37,18548,18549],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18551,400],{},[52,18553,18555],{"className":54,"code":18554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18556,18557,18602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18558,18559,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18594,18596,18598,18600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18560,18561],{"class":67},"flags ",[61,18563,72],{"class":71},[61,18565,9395],{"class":109},[61,18567,26],{"class":75},[61,18569,17504],{"class":116},[61,18571,416],{"class":75},[61,18573,215],{"class":214},[61,18575,18576],{"class":218},"is_admin",[61,18578,215],{"class":214},[61,18580,83],{"class":75},[61,18582,226],{"class":214},[61,18584,15300],{"class":218},[61,18586,215],{"class":214},[61,18588,83],{"class":75},[61,18590,226],{"class":214},[61,18592,18593],{"class":218},"is_verified",[61,18595,215],{"class":214},[61,18597,1316],{"class":75},[61,18599,4136],{"class":1523},[61,18601,120],{"class":75},[61,18603,18604,18606,18608,18611],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18605,127],{"class":126},[61,18607,113],{"class":75},[61,18609,18610],{"class":116},"flags",[61,18612,120],{"class":75},[52,18614,18616],{"className":54,"code":18615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18617,18618,18663],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18619,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18637,18639,18641,18643,18646,18648,18650,18652,18655,18657,18659,18661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18621,5292],{"class":67},[61,18623,72],{"class":71},[61,18625,9395],{"class":109},[61,18627,26],{"class":75},[61,18629,17504],{"class":116},[61,18631,416],{"class":75},[61,18633,215],{"class":214},[61,18635,18636],{"class":218},"math",[61,18638,215],{"class":214},[61,18640,83],{"class":75},[61,18642,226],{"class":214},[61,18644,18645],{"class":218},"science",[61,18647,215],{"class":214},[61,18649,83],{"class":75},[61,18651,226],{"class":214},[61,18653,18654],{"class":218},"history",[61,18656,215],{"class":214},[61,18658,1316],{"class":75},[61,18660,4065],{"class":79},[61,18662,120],{"class":75},[61,18664,18665,18667,18669,18671],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18666,127],{"class":126},[61,18668,113],{"class":75},[61,18670,16609],{"class":116},[61,18672,120],{"class":75},[14,18674,18675,18676,18678],{},"It is ",[23,18677,704],{}," the best choice when:",[34,18680,18681,18684],{},[37,18682,18683],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[37,18685,18686],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[47,18688,18690,18692],{"id":18689},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18691,17439],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18694,18695,18697],{},[18,18696,17439],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[819,18699,1750,18701],{"id":18700},"using-fromkeys",[18,18702,17439],{},[52,18704,18706],{"className":54,"code":18705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18707,18708,18753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18709,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18727,18729,18731,18733,18736,18738,18740,18742,18745,18747,18749,18751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18711,14047],{"class":67},[61,18713,72],{"class":71},[61,18715,9395],{"class":109},[61,18717,26],{"class":75},[61,18719,17504],{"class":116},[61,18721,416],{"class":75},[61,18723,215],{"class":214},[61,18725,18726],{"class":218},"sound",[61,18728,215],{"class":214},[61,18730,83],{"class":75},[61,18732,226],{"class":214},[61,18734,18735],{"class":218},"music",[61,18737,215],{"class":214},[61,18739,83],{"class":75},[61,18741,226],{"class":214},[61,18743,18744],{"class":218},"notifications",[61,18746,215],{"class":214},[61,18748,1316],{"class":75},[61,18750,4145],{"class":1523},[61,18752,120],{"class":75},[61,18754,18755,18757,18759,18761],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18756,127],{"class":126},[61,18758,113],{"class":75},[61,18760,14106],{"class":116},[61,18762,120],{"class":75},[819,18764,18766],{"id":18765},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[52,18768,18770],{"className":54,"code":18769,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18771,18772,18780,18794,18808,18820,18824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18773,18774,18776,18778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18775,14047],{"class":67},[61,18777,72],{"class":71},[61,18779,11714],{"class":75},[61,18781,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18783,11719],{"class":214},[61,18785,18726],{"class":218},[61,18787,215],{"class":214},[61,18789,378],{"class":75},[61,18791,4145],{"class":1523},[61,18793,11735],{"class":75},[61,18795,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,18797,11719],{"class":214},[61,18799,18735],{"class":218},[61,18801,215],{"class":214},[61,18803,378],{"class":75},[61,18805,4136],{"class":1523},[61,18807,11735],{"class":75},[61,18809,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,18811,11719],{"class":214},[61,18813,18744],{"class":218},[61,18815,215],{"class":214},[61,18817,378],{"class":75},[61,18819,6651],{"class":1523},[61,18821,18822],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,18823,162],{"class":75},[61,18825,18826,18828,18830,18832],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,18827,127],{"class":126},[61,18829,113],{"class":75},[61,18831,14106],{"class":116},[61,18833,120],{"class":75},[14,18835,18836],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[819,18838,18840],{"id":18839},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[52,18842,18844],{"className":54,"code":18843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18845,18846,18878,18902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18847,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18849,17463],{"class":67},[61,18851,72],{"class":71},[61,18853,76],{"class":75},[61,18855,215],{"class":214},[61,18857,334],{"class":218},[61,18859,215],{"class":214},[61,18861,83],{"class":75},[61,18863,226],{"class":214},[61,18865,765],{"class":218},[61,18867,215],{"class":214},[61,18869,83],{"class":75},[61,18871,226],{"class":214},[61,18873,9961],{"class":218},[61,18875,215],{"class":214},[61,18877,98],{"class":75},[61,18879,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18881,9390],{"class":67},[61,18883,72],{"class":71},[61,18885,1235],{"class":75},[61,18887,15062],{"class":67},[61,18889,378],{"class":75},[61,18891,18423],{"class":75},[61,18893,4107],{"class":1490},[61,18895,18428],{"class":67},[61,18897,1433],{"class":1490},[61,18899,18433],{"class":67},[61,18901,162],{"class":75},[61,18903,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,18905,127],{"class":126},[61,18907,113],{"class":75},[61,18909,9429],{"class":116},[61,18911,120],{"class":75},[14,18913,18914],{},"Use:",[34,18916,18917,18922,18925],{},[37,18918,18919,18921],{},[18,18920,17439],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[37,18923,18924],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[37,18926,18927],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18929,18930,18931,26],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[334,18932,10957,18933,10961],{"href":14254},[18,18934,15175],{},[47,18936,1741],{"id":1740},[14,18938,14954,18939,26],{},[18,18940,17444],{},[819,18942,18944],{"id":18943},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[52,18946,18948],{"className":54,"code":18947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18949,18950,18983,19006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,18951,18952,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,18953,18954],{"class":67},"d ",[61,18956,72],{"class":71},[61,18958,9395],{"class":109},[61,18960,26],{"class":75},[61,18962,17504],{"class":116},[61,18964,416],{"class":75},[61,18966,215],{"class":214},[61,18968,334],{"class":218},[61,18970,215],{"class":214},[61,18972,83],{"class":75},[61,18974,226],{"class":214},[61,18976,765],{"class":218},[61,18978,215],{"class":214},[61,18980,1316],{"class":75},[61,18982,18216],{"class":75},[61,18984,18985,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,18986,18987],{"class":67},"d",[61,18989,4129],{"class":75},[61,18991,215],{"class":214},[61,18993,334],{"class":218},[61,18995,215],{"class":214},[61,18997,13772],{"class":75},[61,18999,13775],{"class":116},[61,19001,113],{"class":75},[61,19003,80],{"class":79},[61,19005,120],{"class":75},[61,19007,19008,19010,19012,19014],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19009,127],{"class":126},[61,19011,113],{"class":75},[61,19013,18987],{"class":116},[61,19015,120],{"class":75},[14,19017,139],{},[52,19019,19021],{"className":54,"code":19020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,19022,19023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19024,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19026,149],{"class":75},[61,19028,299],{"class":214},[61,19030,334],{"class":218},[61,19032,299],{"class":214},[61,19034,378],{"class":75},[61,19036,76],{"class":75},[61,19038,80],{"class":79},[61,19040,1316],{"class":75},[61,19042,308],{"class":214},[61,19044,765],{"class":218},[61,19046,299],{"class":214},[61,19048,378],{"class":75},[61,19050,76],{"class":75},[61,19052,80],{"class":79},[61,19054,1328],{"class":75},[14,19056,19057],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19059,19060],{},"Use this instead:",[52,19062,19064],{"className":54,"code":19063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,19065,19066,19090,19114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19069,17463],{"class":67},[61,19071,72],{"class":71},[61,19073,76],{"class":75},[61,19075,215],{"class":214},[61,19077,334],{"class":218},[61,19079,215],{"class":214},[61,19081,83],{"class":75},[61,19083,226],{"class":214},[61,19085,765],{"class":218},[61,19087,215],{"class":214},[61,19089,98],{"class":75},[61,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19093,18954],{"class":67},[61,19095,72],{"class":71},[61,19097,1235],{"class":75},[61,19099,15062],{"class":67},[61,19101,378],{"class":75},[61,19103,18423],{"class":75},[61,19105,4107],{"class":1490},[61,19107,18428],{"class":67},[61,19109,1433],{"class":1490},[61,19111,18433],{"class":67},[61,19113,162],{"class":75},[61,19115,19116,19118,19120,19122],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19117,127],{"class":126},[61,19119,113],{"class":75},[61,19121,18987],{"class":116},[61,19123,120],{"class":75},[819,19125,19127,19128,19130],{"id":19126},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,19129,17439],{}," on a list",[14,19132,19133],{},"Wrong idea:",[52,19135,19137],{"className":54,"code":19136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,19138,19139,19171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19142,17463],{"class":67},[61,19144,72],{"class":71},[61,19146,76],{"class":75},[61,19148,215],{"class":214},[61,19150,334],{"class":218},[61,19152,215],{"class":214},[61,19154,83],{"class":75},[61,19156,226],{"class":214},[61,19158,765],{"class":218},[61,19160,215],{"class":214},[61,19162,83],{"class":75},[61,19164,226],{"class":214},[61,19166,9961],{"class":218},[61,19168,215],{"class":214},[61,19170,98],{"class":75},[61,19172,19173],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19174,19175],{"class":3896},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19177,19178,19180,19181,19183,19184,26],{},[18,19179,17439],{}," belongs to ",[18,19182,799],{},", not ",[18,19185,383],{},[14,19187,19188],{},"Correct usage:",[52,19190,19192],{"className":54,"code":19191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19193,19194,19226,19248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19195,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19197,17463],{"class":67},[61,19199,72],{"class":71},[61,19201,76],{"class":75},[61,19203,215],{"class":214},[61,19205,334],{"class":218},[61,19207,215],{"class":214},[61,19209,83],{"class":75},[61,19211,226],{"class":214},[61,19213,765],{"class":218},[61,19215,215],{"class":214},[61,19217,83],{"class":75},[61,19219,226],{"class":214},[61,19221,9961],{"class":218},[61,19223,215],{"class":214},[61,19225,98],{"class":75},[61,19227,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19229,18954],{"class":67},[61,19231,72],{"class":71},[61,19233,9395],{"class":109},[61,19235,26],{"class":75},[61,19237,17504],{"class":116},[61,19239,113],{"class":75},[61,19241,17144],{"class":116},[61,19243,83],{"class":75},[61,19245,4065],{"class":79},[61,19247,120],{"class":75},[61,19249,19250,19252,19254,19256],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19251,127],{"class":126},[61,19253,113],{"class":75},[61,19255,18987],{"class":116},[61,19257,120],{"class":75},[819,19259,1864,19261,19263],{"id":19260},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19262,17439],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19265,19266,19268],{},[18,19267,17444],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[52,19270,19272],{"className":54,"code":19271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19273,19274,19294,19328,19332,19342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19275,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19277,12308],{"class":67},[61,19279,72],{"class":71},[61,19281,1235],{"class":75},[61,19283,215],{"class":214},[61,19285,2422],{"class":218},[61,19287,215],{"class":214},[61,19289,378],{"class":75},[61,19291,587],{"class":79},[61,19293,162],{"class":75},[61,19295,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19297,13262],{"class":67},[61,19299,72],{"class":71},[61,19301,9395],{"class":109},[61,19303,26],{"class":75},[61,19305,17504],{"class":116},[61,19307,416],{"class":75},[61,19309,215],{"class":214},[61,19311,334],{"class":218},[61,19313,215],{"class":214},[61,19315,83],{"class":75},[61,19317,226],{"class":214},[61,19319,765],{"class":218},[61,19321,215],{"class":214},[61,19323,1316],{"class":75},[61,19325,4065],{"class":79},[61,19327,120],{"class":75},[61,19329,19330],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19331,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,19333,19334,19336,19338,19340],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,19335,127],{"class":126},[61,19337,113],{"class":75},[61,19339,12355],{"class":116},[61,19341,120],{"class":75},[61,19343,19344,19346,19348,19351],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,19345,127],{"class":126},[61,19347,113],{"class":75},[61,19349,19350],{"class":116},"new_dict",[61,19352,120],{"class":75},[14,19354,139],{},[52,19356,19358],{"className":54,"code":19357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19359,19360,19376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19361,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19363,149],{"class":75},[61,19365,299],{"class":214},[61,19367,2422],{"class":218},[61,19369,299],{"class":214},[61,19371,378],{"class":75},[61,19373,587],{"class":79},[61,19375,162],{"class":75},[61,19377,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19379,149],{"class":75},[61,19381,299],{"class":214},[61,19383,334],{"class":218},[61,19385,299],{"class":214},[61,19387,378],{"class":75},[61,19389,4065],{"class":79},[61,19391,83],{"class":75},[61,19393,308],{"class":214},[61,19395,765],{"class":218},[61,19397,299],{"class":214},[61,19399,378],{"class":75},[61,19401,4065],{"class":79},[61,19403,162],{"class":75},[14,19405,19406,19407,26],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[334,19408,10957,19409,10961],{"href":14254},[18,19410,15175],{},[819,19412,19414,19415],{"id":19413},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19416,4012],{},[52,19418,19420],{"className":54,"code":19419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19421,19422,19452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19423,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19425,18954],{"class":67},[61,19427,72],{"class":71},[61,19429,9395],{"class":109},[61,19431,26],{"class":75},[61,19433,17504],{"class":116},[61,19435,416],{"class":75},[61,19437,215],{"class":214},[61,19439,2422],{"class":218},[61,19441,215],{"class":214},[61,19443,83],{"class":75},[61,19445,226],{"class":214},[61,19447,11967],{"class":218},[61,19449,215],{"class":214},[61,19451,1474],{"class":75},[61,19453,19454,19456,19458,19460],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19455,127],{"class":126},[61,19457,113],{"class":75},[61,19459,18987],{"class":116},[61,19461,120],{"class":75},[14,19463,139],{},[52,19465,19467],{"className":54,"code":19466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19468,19469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19470,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19472,149],{"class":75},[61,19474,299],{"class":214},[61,19476,2422],{"class":218},[61,19478,299],{"class":214},[61,19480,378],{"class":75},[61,19482,4083],{"class":1523},[61,19484,83],{"class":75},[61,19486,308],{"class":214},[61,19488,11967],{"class":218},[61,19490,299],{"class":214},[61,19492,378],{"class":75},[61,19494,4083],{"class":1523},[61,19496,162],{"class":75},[14,19498,19499,19500,26],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19501,4012],{},[47,19503,19505],{"id":19504},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19507,19508,19509,19511],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19510,17439],{}," works.",[52,19513,19515],{"className":54,"code":19514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19516,19517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19518,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19520,127],{"class":126},[61,19522,113],{"class":75},[61,19524,799],{"class":109},[61,19526,26],{"class":75},[61,19528,17504],{"class":116},[61,19530,416],{"class":75},[61,19532,215],{"class":214},[61,19534,334],{"class":218},[61,19536,215],{"class":214},[61,19538,83],{"class":75},[61,19540,226],{"class":214},[61,19542,765],{"class":218},[61,19544,215],{"class":214},[61,19546,1316],{"class":75},[61,19548,4065],{"class":79},[61,19550,480],{"class":75},[52,19552,19553],{"className":54,"code":19419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,19554,19555,19585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19556,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19558,18954],{"class":67},[61,19560,72],{"class":71},[61,19562,9395],{"class":109},[61,19564,26],{"class":75},[61,19566,17504],{"class":116},[61,19568,416],{"class":75},[61,19570,215],{"class":214},[61,19572,2422],{"class":218},[61,19574,215],{"class":214},[61,19576,83],{"class":75},[61,19578,226],{"class":214},[61,19580,11967],{"class":218},[61,19582,215],{"class":214},[61,19584,1474],{"class":75},[61,19586,19587,19589,19591,19593],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19588,127],{"class":126},[61,19590,113],{"class":75},[61,19592,18987],{"class":116},[61,19594,120],{"class":75},[52,19596,19597],{"className":54,"code":18947,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,19598,19599,19631,19653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19600,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19602,18954],{"class":67},[61,19604,72],{"class":71},[61,19606,9395],{"class":109},[61,19608,26],{"class":75},[61,19610,17504],{"class":116},[61,19612,416],{"class":75},[61,19614,215],{"class":214},[61,19616,334],{"class":218},[61,19618,215],{"class":214},[61,19620,83],{"class":75},[61,19622,226],{"class":214},[61,19624,765],{"class":218},[61,19626,215],{"class":214},[61,19628,1316],{"class":75},[61,19630,18216],{"class":75},[61,19632,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19634,18987],{"class":67},[61,19636,4129],{"class":75},[61,19638,215],{"class":214},[61,19640,334],{"class":218},[61,19642,215],{"class":214},[61,19644,13772],{"class":75},[61,19646,13775],{"class":116},[61,19648,113],{"class":75},[61,19650,80],{"class":79},[61,19652,120],{"class":75},[61,19654,19655,19657,19659,19661],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19656,127],{"class":126},[61,19658,113],{"class":75},[61,19660,18987],{"class":116},[61,19662,120],{"class":75},[52,19664,19666],{"className":54,"code":19665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19667,19668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19669,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19671,127],{"class":126},[61,19673,113],{"class":75},[61,19675,648],{"class":109},[61,19677,113],{"class":75},[61,19679,799],{"class":109},[61,19681,26],{"class":75},[61,19683,17504],{"class":116},[61,19685,416],{"class":75},[61,19687,80],{"class":79},[61,19689,83],{"class":75},[61,19691,86],{"class":79},[61,19693,83],{"class":75},[61,19695,95],{"class":79},[61,19697,1316],{"class":75},[61,19699,226],{"class":214},[61,19701,1783],{"class":218},[61,19703,215],{"class":214},[61,19705,460],{"class":75},[47,19707,1987],{"id":1986},[819,19709,12927,19711,19713],{"id":19710},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19712,17439],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19715,19716],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[819,19718,19720],{"id":19719},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19722,19723,19724,26],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19725,4012],{},[819,19727,19729],{"id":19728},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19731,19732],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[819,19734,19736],{"id":19735},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19738,18371],{},[52,19740,19742],{"className":54,"code":19741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19743,19744,19776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19745,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19747,17463],{"class":67},[61,19749,72],{"class":71},[61,19751,76],{"class":75},[61,19753,215],{"class":214},[61,19755,334],{"class":218},[61,19757,215],{"class":214},[61,19759,83],{"class":75},[61,19761,226],{"class":214},[61,19763,765],{"class":218},[61,19765,215],{"class":214},[61,19767,83],{"class":75},[61,19769,226],{"class":214},[61,19771,9961],{"class":218},[61,19773,215],{"class":214},[61,19775,98],{"class":75},[61,19777,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19779,9390],{"class":67},[61,19781,72],{"class":71},[61,19783,1235],{"class":75},[61,19785,15062],{"class":67},[61,19787,378],{"class":75},[61,19789,18423],{"class":75},[61,19791,4107],{"class":1490},[61,19793,18428],{"class":67},[61,19795,1433],{"class":1490},[61,19797,18433],{"class":67},[61,19799,162],{"class":75},[47,19801,2144],{"id":2143},[34,19803,19804,19808,19812,19816,19822],{},[37,19805,19806],{},[334,19807,11462],{"href":13250},[37,19809,19810],{},[334,19811,9380],{"href":13247},[37,19813,19814],{},[334,19815,11471],{"href":18123},[37,19817,19818],{},[334,19819,10957,19820,10961],{"href":14254},[18,19821,15175],{},[37,19823,19824],{},[334,19825,10957,19826,10961],{"href":15220},[18,19827,13000],{},[14,19829,165,19830,19832],{},[18,19831,17444],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2169,19834,19835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":19837},[19838,19839,19841,19845,19846,19848,19853,19855,19862,19871,19872,19879],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":17544,"depth":101,"text":19840},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17588,"depth":101,"text":17589,"children":19842},[19843,19844],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":17639,"depth":123,"text":17640},{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":17798,"depth":101,"text":19847},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18127,"depth":101,"text":18128,"children":19849},[19850,19851,19852],{"id":18157,"depth":123,"text":18158},{"id":18319,"depth":123,"text":18320},{"id":18367,"depth":123,"text":18368},{"id":18531,"depth":101,"text":19854},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18689,"depth":101,"text":19856,"children":19857},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19858,19860,19861],{"id":18700,"depth":123,"text":19859},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18765,"depth":123,"text":18766},{"id":18839,"depth":123,"text":18840},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":19863},[19864,19865,19867,19869],{"id":18943,"depth":123,"text":18944},{"id":19126,"depth":123,"text":19866},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19260,"depth":123,"text":19868},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19413,"depth":123,"text":19870},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19504,"depth":101,"text":19505},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":19873},[19874,19876,19877,19878],{"id":19710,"depth":123,"text":19875},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19719,"depth":123,"text":19720},{"id":19728,"depth":123,"text":19729},{"id":19735,"depth":123,"text":19736},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17431,"description":19880},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19887,"title":19888,"body":19889,"description":21718,"extension":2216,"meta":21719,"navigation":271,"path":21720,"seo":21721,"stem":21722,"__hash__":21723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19890,"toc":21685},[19891,19896,19902,19913,20043,20050,20055,20059,20075,20077,20175,20178,20195,20199,20201,20206,20244,20247,20265,20267,20385,20390,20394,20410,20413,20549,20552,20557,20563,20566,20603,20606,20610,20615,20691,20695,20700,20782,20784,20800,20805,20809,20815,20884,20887,20904,20907,20989,20995,20998,21018,21022,21027,21033,21039,21110,21113,21119,21122,21196,21203,21209,21217,21227,21229,21324,21330,21335,21421,21427,21429,21434,21456,21459,21554,21557,21588,21601,21603,21611,21617,21623,21626,21632,21637,21644,21649,21651,21682],[10,19892,11538,19894,11542],{"id":19893},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19895,10960],{},[14,19897,19898,19899,19901],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19900,10960],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19903,19904,19905,2437,19908,2642,19910,19912],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19906,19907],{},"KeyError",[18,19909,10960],{},[18,19911,4012],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[52,19914,19916],{"className":54,"code":19915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19917,19918,19954,19958,19984,20009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,19919,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,19921,13426],{"class":67},[61,19923,72],{"class":71},[61,19925,1235],{"class":75},[61,19927,215],{"class":214},[61,19929,7899],{"class":218},[61,19931,215],{"class":214},[61,19933,378],{"class":75},[61,19935,226],{"class":214},[61,19937,13104],{"class":218},[61,19939,215],{"class":214},[61,19941,83],{"class":75},[61,19943,226],{"class":214},[61,19945,9521],{"class":218},[61,19947,215],{"class":214},[61,19949,378],{"class":75},[61,19951,9528],{"class":79},[61,19953,162],{"class":75},[61,19955,19956],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,19957,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,19959,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,19961,127],{"class":126},[61,19963,113],{"class":75},[61,19965,17528],{"class":116},[61,19967,26],{"class":75},[61,19969,19970],{"class":116},"get",[61,19972,113],{"class":75},[61,19974,215],{"class":214},[61,19976,7899],{"class":218},[61,19978,215],{"class":214},[61,19980,5590],{"class":75},[61,19982,19983],{"class":3896},"           # Ana\n",[61,19985,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,19987,127],{"class":126},[61,19989,113],{"class":75},[61,19991,17528],{"class":116},[61,19993,26],{"class":75},[61,19995,19970],{"class":116},[61,19997,113],{"class":75},[61,19999,215],{"class":214},[61,20001,10630],{"class":218},[61,20003,215],{"class":214},[61,20005,5590],{"class":75},[61,20007,20008],{"class":3896},"           # None\n",[61,20010,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20036,20038,20040],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,20012,127],{"class":126},[61,20014,113],{"class":75},[61,20016,17528],{"class":116},[61,20018,26],{"class":75},[61,20020,19970],{"class":116},[61,20022,113],{"class":75},[61,20024,215],{"class":214},[61,20026,10630],{"class":218},[61,20028,215],{"class":214},[61,20030,83],{"class":75},[61,20032,226],{"class":214},[61,20034,20035],{"class":218},"N\u002FA",[61,20037,215],{"class":214},[61,20039,5590],{"class":75},[61,20041,20042],{"class":3896},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20044,165,20045,20047,20048,26],{},[18,20046,10960],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,20049,19907],{},[47,20051,3911,20053,3914],{"id":20052},"what-get-does",[18,20054,10960],{},[14,20056,2233,20057,11633],{},[18,20058,10960],{},[34,20060,20061,20064,20069,20072],{},[37,20062,20063],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[37,20065,11644,20066,20068],{},[18,20067,4012],{}," if the key does not exist",[37,20070,20071],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[37,20073,20074],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20076,197],{},[52,20078,20080],{"className":54,"code":20079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,20081,20082,20121,20125,20150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20083,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20103,20105,20107,20109,20112,20114,20116,20119],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20085,13087],{"class":67},[61,20087,72],{"class":71},[61,20089,1235],{"class":75},[61,20091,215],{"class":214},[61,20093,7899],{"class":218},[61,20095,215],{"class":214},[61,20097,378],{"class":75},[61,20099,226],{"class":214},[61,20101,20102],{"class":218},"Lina",[61,20104,215],{"class":214},[61,20106,83],{"class":75},[61,20108,226],{"class":214},[61,20110,20111],{"class":218},"grade",[61,20113,215],{"class":214},[61,20115,378],{"class":75},[61,20117,20118],{"class":79}," 90",[61,20120,162],{"class":75},[61,20122,20123],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20124,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20126,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20128,127],{"class":126},[61,20130,113],{"class":75},[61,20132,13848],{"class":116},[61,20134,26],{"class":75},[61,20136,19970],{"class":116},[61,20138,113],{"class":75},[61,20140,215],{"class":214},[61,20142,7899],{"class":218},[61,20144,215],{"class":214},[61,20146,5590],{"class":75},[61,20148,20149],{"class":3896},"     # Lina\n",[61,20151,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20153,127],{"class":126},[61,20155,113],{"class":75},[61,20157,13848],{"class":116},[61,20159,26],{"class":75},[61,20161,19970],{"class":116},[61,20163,113],{"class":75},[61,20165,215],{"class":214},[61,20167,15480],{"class":218},[61,20169,215],{"class":214},[61,20171,5590],{"class":75},[61,20173,20174],{"class":3896},"    # None\n",[14,20176,20177],{},"In this example:",[34,20179,20180,20185],{},[37,20181,20182,20184],{},[18,20183,15461],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[37,20186,20187,20190,20191,2642,20193],{},[18,20188,20189],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20192,10960],{},[18,20194,4012],{},[14,20196,13244,20197,26],{},[334,20198,9380],{"href":9379},[47,20200,341],{"id":340},[14,20202,20203,20204,378],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20205,10960],{},[52,20207,20209],{"className":54,"code":20208,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20210,20211,20225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20212,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20214,15826],{"class":67},[61,20216,26],{"class":75},[61,20218,19970],{"class":116},[61,20220,113],{"class":75},[61,20222,15062],{"class":116},[61,20224,120],{"class":75},[61,20226,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20242],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20228,15826],{"class":67},[61,20230,26],{"class":75},[61,20232,19970],{"class":116},[61,20234,113],{"class":75},[61,20236,15062],{"class":116},[61,20238,83],{"class":75},[61,20240,20241],{"class":116}," default_value",[61,20243,120],{"class":75},[14,20245,20246],{},"What each part means:",[34,20248,20249,20254,20260],{},[37,20250,20251,20253],{},[18,20252,15062],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[37,20255,20256,20259],{},[18,20257,20258],{},"default_value"," is optional",[37,20261,20262,20263],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20264,4012],{},[14,20266,197],{},[52,20268,20270],{"className":54,"code":20269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20271,20272,20296,20300,20325,20351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20273,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20275,14047],{"class":67},[61,20277,72],{"class":71},[61,20279,1235],{"class":75},[61,20281,215],{"class":214},[61,20283,12717],{"class":218},[61,20285,215],{"class":214},[61,20287,378],{"class":75},[61,20289,226],{"class":214},[61,20291,12726],{"class":218},[61,20293,215],{"class":214},[61,20295,162],{"class":75},[61,20297,20298],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20299,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20301,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20303,127],{"class":126},[61,20305,113],{"class":75},[61,20307,14106],{"class":116},[61,20309,26],{"class":75},[61,20311,19970],{"class":116},[61,20313,113],{"class":75},[61,20315,215],{"class":214},[61,20317,12717],{"class":218},[61,20319,215],{"class":214},[61,20321,5590],{"class":75},[61,20323,20324],{"class":3896},"            # dark\n",[61,20326,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20344,20346,20348],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20328,127],{"class":126},[61,20330,113],{"class":75},[61,20332,14106],{"class":116},[61,20334,26],{"class":75},[61,20336,19970],{"class":116},[61,20338,113],{"class":75},[61,20340,215],{"class":214},[61,20342,20343],{"class":218},"language",[61,20345,215],{"class":214},[61,20347,5590],{"class":75},[61,20349,20350],{"class":3896},"         # None\n",[61,20352,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20378,20380,20382],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,20354,127],{"class":126},[61,20356,113],{"class":75},[61,20358,14106],{"class":116},[61,20360,26],{"class":75},[61,20362,19970],{"class":116},[61,20364,113],{"class":75},[61,20366,215],{"class":214},[61,20368,20343],{"class":218},[61,20370,215],{"class":214},[61,20372,83],{"class":75},[61,20374,226],{"class":214},[61,20376,20377],{"class":218},"en",[61,20379,215],{"class":214},[61,20381,5590],{"class":75},[61,20383,20384],{"class":3896},"   # en\n",[47,20386,5189,20388],{"id":20387},"when-to-use-get",[18,20389,10960],{},[14,20391,165,20392,1422],{},[18,20393,10960],{},[34,20395,20396,20399,20404,20407],{},[37,20397,20398],{},"A key might not exist",[37,20400,20401,20402],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20403,19907],{},[37,20405,20406],{},"You are reading optional data",[37,20408,20409],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20411,20412],{},"Example with optional user data:",[52,20414,20416],{"className":54,"code":20415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20417,20418,20460,20464,20489,20515],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20419,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20456,20458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20421,11709],{"class":67},[61,20423,72],{"class":71},[61,20425,1235],{"class":75},[61,20427,215],{"class":214},[61,20429,8215],{"class":218},[61,20431,215],{"class":214},[61,20433,378],{"class":75},[61,20435,226],{"class":214},[61,20437,20438],{"class":218},"sam",[61,20440,215],{"class":214},[61,20442,83],{"class":75},[61,20444,226],{"class":214},[61,20446,15480],{"class":218},[61,20448,215],{"class":214},[61,20450,378],{"class":75},[61,20452,226],{"class":214},[61,20454,20455],{"class":218},"sam@example.com",[61,20457,215],{"class":214},[61,20459,162],{"class":75},[61,20461,20462],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20463,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20465,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20467,127],{"class":126},[61,20469,113],{"class":75},[61,20471,11803],{"class":116},[61,20473,26],{"class":75},[61,20475,19970],{"class":116},[61,20477,113],{"class":75},[61,20479,215],{"class":214},[61,20481,8215],{"class":218},[61,20483,215],{"class":214},[61,20485,5590],{"class":75},[61,20487,20488],{"class":3896},"              # sam\n",[61,20490,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20508,20510,20512],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20492,127],{"class":126},[61,20494,113],{"class":75},[61,20496,11803],{"class":116},[61,20498,26],{"class":75},[61,20500,19970],{"class":116},[61,20502,113],{"class":75},[61,20504,215],{"class":214},[61,20506,20507],{"class":218},"phone",[61,20509,215],{"class":214},[61,20511,5590],{"class":75},[61,20513,20514],{"class":3896},"                 # None\n",[61,20516,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20542,20544,20546],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,20518,127],{"class":126},[61,20520,113],{"class":75},[61,20522,11803],{"class":116},[61,20524,26],{"class":75},[61,20526,19970],{"class":116},[61,20528,113],{"class":75},[61,20530,215],{"class":214},[61,20532,20507],{"class":218},[61,20534,215],{"class":214},[61,20536,83],{"class":75},[61,20538,226],{"class":214},[61,20540,20541],{"class":218},"Not provided",[61,20543,215],{"class":214},[61,20545,5590],{"class":75},[61,20547,20548],{"class":3896}," # Not provided\n",[14,20550,20551],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20553,20554,20555,26],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[334,20556,16818],{"href":16817},[47,20558,20560,20562],{"id":20559},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20561,10960],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20564,20565],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[52,20567,20569],{"className":54,"code":20568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20570,20571,20585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20572,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20574,9429],{"class":67},[61,20576,4129],{"class":75},[61,20578,215],{"class":214},[61,20580,15062],{"class":218},[61,20582,215],{"class":214},[61,20584,98],{"class":75},[61,20586,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20588,9429],{"class":67},[61,20590,26],{"class":75},[61,20592,19970],{"class":116},[61,20594,113],{"class":75},[61,20596,215],{"class":214},[61,20598,15062],{"class":218},[61,20600,215],{"class":214},[61,20602,120],{"class":75},[14,20604,20605],{},"The difference is important.",[819,20607,20609],{"id":20608},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20611,20612,20613,26],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20614,19907],{},[52,20616,20618],{"className":54,"code":20617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20619,20620,20644,20648,20670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20621,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20623,9390],{"class":67},[61,20625,72],{"class":71},[61,20627,1235],{"class":75},[61,20629,215],{"class":214},[61,20631,7899],{"class":218},[61,20633,215],{"class":214},[61,20635,378],{"class":75},[61,20637,226],{"class":214},[61,20639,13104],{"class":218},[61,20641,215],{"class":214},[61,20643,162],{"class":75},[61,20645,20646],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20647,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20649,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20667],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20651,127],{"class":126},[61,20653,113],{"class":75},[61,20655,9429],{"class":116},[61,20657,4129],{"class":75},[61,20659,215],{"class":214},[61,20661,7899],{"class":218},[61,20663,215],{"class":214},[61,20665,20666],{"class":75},"])",[61,20668,20669],{"class":3896},"   # Ana\n",[61,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20673,127],{"class":126},[61,20675,113],{"class":75},[61,20677,9429],{"class":116},[61,20679,4129],{"class":75},[61,20681,215],{"class":214},[61,20683,10630],{"class":218},[61,20685,215],{"class":214},[61,20687,20666],{"class":75},[61,20689,20690],{"class":3896},"   # KeyError\n",[819,20692,20693],{"id":19970},[18,20694,10960],{},[14,20696,20697,20699],{},[18,20698,10960],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[52,20701,20703],{"className":54,"code":20702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20704,20705,20729,20733,20757],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20706,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20708,9390],{"class":67},[61,20710,72],{"class":71},[61,20712,1235],{"class":75},[61,20714,215],{"class":214},[61,20716,7899],{"class":218},[61,20718,215],{"class":214},[61,20720,378],{"class":75},[61,20722,226],{"class":214},[61,20724,13104],{"class":218},[61,20726,215],{"class":214},[61,20728,162],{"class":75},[61,20730,20731],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20732,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20734,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20736,127],{"class":126},[61,20738,113],{"class":75},[61,20740,9429],{"class":116},[61,20742,26],{"class":75},[61,20744,19970],{"class":116},[61,20746,113],{"class":75},[61,20748,215],{"class":214},[61,20750,7899],{"class":218},[61,20752,215],{"class":214},[61,20754,5590],{"class":75},[61,20756,20669],{"class":3896},[61,20758,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20760,127],{"class":126},[61,20762,113],{"class":75},[61,20764,9429],{"class":116},[61,20766,26],{"class":75},[61,20768,19970],{"class":116},[61,20770,113],{"class":75},[61,20772,215],{"class":214},[61,20774,10630],{"class":218},[61,20776,215],{"class":214},[61,20778,5590],{"class":75},[61,20780,20781],{"class":3896},"   # None\n",[14,20783,18914],{},[34,20785,20786,20792],{},[37,20787,20788,20789],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[23,20790,20791],{},"must exist",[37,20793,20794,20796,20797],{},[18,20795,10960],{}," when the key is ",[23,20798,20799],{},"optional",[14,20801,20802,20803,26],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[334,20804,11482],{"href":11295},[47,20806,20808],{"id":20807},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20810,20811,20812,20814],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20813,10960],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[52,20816,20818],{"className":54,"code":20817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20819,20820,20845,20849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20821,20822,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20823,20824],{"class":67},"profile ",[61,20826,72],{"class":71},[61,20828,1235],{"class":75},[61,20830,215],{"class":214},[61,20832,7899],{"class":218},[61,20834,215],{"class":214},[61,20836,378],{"class":75},[61,20838,226],{"class":214},[61,20840,8151],{"class":218},[61,20842,215],{"class":214},[61,20844,162],{"class":75},[61,20846,20847],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20848,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20850,20851,20853,20855,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20877,20879,20881],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20852,127],{"class":126},[61,20854,113],{"class":75},[61,20856,20857],{"class":116},"profile",[61,20859,26],{"class":75},[61,20861,19970],{"class":116},[61,20863,113],{"class":75},[61,20865,215],{"class":214},[61,20867,15483],{"class":218},[61,20869,215],{"class":214},[61,20871,83],{"class":75},[61,20873,226],{"class":214},[61,20875,20876],{"class":218},"Unknown",[61,20878,215],{"class":214},[61,20880,5590],{"class":75},[61,20882,20883],{"class":3896},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20885,20886],{},"This is useful for display text:",[34,20888,20889,20894,20899],{},[37,20890,20891],{},[18,20892,20893],{},"\"Unknown\"",[37,20895,20896],{},[18,20897,20898],{},"\"Not set\"",[37,20900,20901],{},[18,20902,20903],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20905,20906],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[52,20908,20910],{"className":54,"code":20909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20911,20912,20944,20948,20975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,20913,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,20915,5292],{"class":67},[61,20917,72],{"class":71},[61,20919,1235],{"class":75},[61,20921,215],{"class":214},[61,20923,18636],{"class":218},[61,20925,215],{"class":214},[61,20927,378],{"class":75},[61,20929,457],{"class":79},[61,20931,83],{"class":75},[61,20933,226],{"class":214},[61,20935,18645],{"class":218},[61,20937,215],{"class":214},[61,20939,378],{"class":75},[61,20941,6587],{"class":79},[61,20943,162],{"class":75},[61,20945,20946],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,20947,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,20949,20950,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,20951,20952],{"class":67},"total_history ",[61,20954,72],{"class":71},[61,20956,5339],{"class":67},[61,20958,26],{"class":75},[61,20960,19970],{"class":116},[61,20962,113],{"class":75},[61,20964,215],{"class":214},[61,20966,18654],{"class":218},[61,20968,215],{"class":214},[61,20970,83],{"class":75},[61,20972,4065],{"class":79},[61,20974,120],{"class":75},[61,20976,20977,20979,20981,20984,20986],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,20978,127],{"class":126},[61,20980,113],{"class":75},[61,20982,20983],{"class":116},"total_history",[61,20985,3893],{"class":75},[61,20987,20988],{"class":3896},"   # 0\n",[14,20990,20991,20992,20994],{},"Here, ",[18,20993,582],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20996,20997],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[34,20999,21000,21003,21008,21013],{},[37,21001,21002],{},"Use a string for text",[37,21004,165,21005,21007],{},[18,21006,582],{}," for numbers",[37,21009,165,21010,21012],{},[18,21011,4021],{}," for lists if needed",[37,21014,165,21015,21017],{},[18,21016,700],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[47,21019,21021],{"id":21020},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21023,21024,21025,26],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,21026,10960],{},[819,21028,21030,21032],{"id":21029},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,21031,10960],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21034,21035,21036,21038],{},"This code does ",[23,21037,704],{}," create a new key:",[52,21040,21042],{"className":54,"code":21041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,21043,21044,21068,21072,21097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21045,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21047,13426],{"class":67},[61,21049,72],{"class":71},[61,21051,1235],{"class":75},[61,21053,215],{"class":214},[61,21055,7899],{"class":218},[61,21057,215],{"class":214},[61,21059,378],{"class":75},[61,21061,226],{"class":214},[61,21063,13104],{"class":218},[61,21065,215],{"class":214},[61,21067,162],{"class":75},[61,21069,21070],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21071,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21073,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21075,127],{"class":126},[61,21077,113],{"class":75},[61,21079,17528],{"class":116},[61,21081,26],{"class":75},[61,21083,19970],{"class":116},[61,21085,113],{"class":75},[61,21087,215],{"class":214},[61,21089,10630],{"class":218},[61,21091,215],{"class":214},[61,21093,5590],{"class":75},[61,21095,21096],{"class":3896},"  # None\n",[61,21098,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21100,127],{"class":126},[61,21102,113],{"class":75},[61,21104,17528],{"class":116},[61,21106,3893],{"class":75},[61,21108,21109],{"class":3896},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21111,21112],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[819,21114,21116,21118],{"id":21115},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,21117,10960],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21120,21121],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[52,21123,21125],{"className":54,"code":21124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,21126,21127,21153,21157,21183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21128,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21140,21142,21144,21146,21149,21151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21130,14047],{"class":67},[61,21132,72],{"class":71},[61,21134,1235],{"class":75},[61,21136,215],{"class":214},[61,21138,21139],{"class":218},"mode",[61,21141,215],{"class":214},[61,21143,378],{"class":75},[61,21145,226],{"class":214},[61,21147,21148],{"class":218},"light",[61,21150,215],{"class":214},[61,21152,162],{"class":75},[61,21154,21155],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21156,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21158,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21160,14106],{"class":67},[61,21162,26],{"class":75},[61,21164,19970],{"class":116},[61,21166,113],{"class":75},[61,21168,215],{"class":214},[61,21170,12717],{"class":218},[61,21172,215],{"class":214},[61,21174,83],{"class":75},[61,21176,226],{"class":214},[61,21178,12726],{"class":218},[61,21180,215],{"class":214},[61,21182,120],{"class":75},[61,21184,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21186,127],{"class":126},[61,21188,113],{"class":75},[61,21190,14106],{"class":116},[61,21192,3893],{"class":75},[61,21194,21195],{"class":3896},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21197,21198,21199,21202],{},"Even though ",[18,21200,21201],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[819,21204,21206,21207],{"id":21205},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21208,4012],{},[14,21210,21211,21212,2642,21214,21216],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21213,10960],{},[18,21215,4012],{}," because:",[34,21218,21219,21222],{},[37,21220,21221],{},"The key is missing, or",[37,21223,21224,21225],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21226,4012],{},[14,21228,197],{},[52,21230,21232],{"className":54,"code":21231,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21233,21234,21271,21275,21299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21235,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21263,21265,21267,21269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21237,9390],{"class":67},[61,21239,72],{"class":71},[61,21241,1235],{"class":75},[61,21243,215],{"class":214},[61,21245,7899],{"class":218},[61,21247,215],{"class":214},[61,21249,378],{"class":75},[61,21251,226],{"class":214},[61,21253,13104],{"class":218},[61,21255,215],{"class":214},[61,21257,83],{"class":75},[61,21259,226],{"class":214},[61,21261,21262],{"class":218},"nickname",[61,21264,215],{"class":214},[61,21266,378],{"class":75},[61,21268,4083],{"class":1523},[61,21270,162],{"class":75},[61,21272,21273],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21274,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21276,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21278,127],{"class":126},[61,21280,113],{"class":75},[61,21282,9429],{"class":116},[61,21284,26],{"class":75},[61,21286,19970],{"class":116},[61,21288,113],{"class":75},[61,21290,215],{"class":214},[61,21292,21262],{"class":218},[61,21294,215],{"class":214},[61,21296,5590],{"class":75},[61,21298,21096],{"class":3896},[61,21300,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21302,127],{"class":126},[61,21304,113],{"class":75},[61,21306,9429],{"class":116},[61,21308,26],{"class":75},[61,21310,19970],{"class":116},[61,21312,113],{"class":75},[61,21314,215],{"class":214},[61,21316,10630],{"class":218},[61,21318,215],{"class":214},[61,21320,5590],{"class":75},[61,21322,21323],{"class":3896},"      # None\n",[14,21325,21326,21327,21329],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21328,4012],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21331,21332,21333,378],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21334,1433],{},[52,21336,21338],{"className":54,"code":21337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21339,21340,21376,21380,21400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21341,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21343,9390],{"class":67},[61,21345,72],{"class":71},[61,21347,1235],{"class":75},[61,21349,215],{"class":214},[61,21351,7899],{"class":218},[61,21353,215],{"class":214},[61,21355,378],{"class":75},[61,21357,226],{"class":214},[61,21359,13104],{"class":218},[61,21361,215],{"class":214},[61,21363,83],{"class":75},[61,21365,226],{"class":214},[61,21367,21262],{"class":218},[61,21369,215],{"class":214},[61,21371,378],{"class":75},[61,21373,4083],{"class":1523},[61,21375,162],{"class":75},[61,21377,21378],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21379,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21381,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21383,127],{"class":126},[61,21385,113],{"class":75},[61,21387,215],{"class":214},[61,21389,21262],{"class":218},[61,21391,215],{"class":214},[61,21393,1491],{"class":1490},[61,21395,14787],{"class":116},[61,21397,3893],{"class":75},[61,21399,3897],{"class":3896},[61,21401,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21403,127],{"class":126},[61,21405,113],{"class":75},[61,21407,215],{"class":214},[61,21409,10630],{"class":218},[61,21411,215],{"class":214},[61,21413,1491],{"class":1490},[61,21415,14787],{"class":116},[61,21417,3893],{"class":75},[61,21419,21420],{"class":3896},"      # False\n",[14,21422,21423,21424,26],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[334,21425,21426],{"href":17374},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[47,21428,1741],{"id":1740},[14,21430,21431,21432,378],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21433,10960],{},[34,21435,21436,21441,21448,21453],{},[37,21437,21438,21439],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21440,19907],{},[37,21442,4932,21443,2642,21445,21447],{},[18,21444,10960],{},[18,21446,4012],{}," if no default is provided",[37,21449,4808,21450,21452],{},[18,21451,10960],{}," creates a key automatically",[37,21454,21455],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21457,21458],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[52,21460,21462],{"className":54,"code":21461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21463,21464,21474,21488,21506,21528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21465,21466,21468,21470,21472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21467,127],{"class":126},[61,21469,113],{"class":75},[61,21471,11670],{"class":116},[61,21473,120],{"class":75},[61,21475,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21477,127],{"class":126},[61,21479,113],{"class":75},[61,21481,11670],{"class":116},[61,21483,26],{"class":75},[61,21485,17144],{"class":116},[61,21487,7424],{"class":75},[61,21489,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21491,127],{"class":126},[61,21493,113],{"class":75},[61,21495,299],{"class":214},[61,21497,7899],{"class":218},[61,21499,299],{"class":214},[61,21501,1491],{"class":1490},[61,21503,11988],{"class":116},[61,21505,120],{"class":75},[61,21507,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21509,127],{"class":126},[61,21511,113],{"class":75},[61,21513,11670],{"class":116},[61,21515,26],{"class":75},[61,21517,19970],{"class":116},[61,21519,113],{"class":75},[61,21521,299],{"class":214},[61,21523,7899],{"class":218},[61,21525,299],{"class":214},[61,21527,480],{"class":75},[61,21529,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,21531,127],{"class":126},[61,21533,113],{"class":75},[61,21535,648],{"class":109},[61,21537,113],{"class":75},[61,21539,11670],{"class":116},[61,21541,26],{"class":75},[61,21543,19970],{"class":116},[61,21545,113],{"class":75},[61,21547,299],{"class":214},[61,21549,7899],{"class":218},[61,21551,299],{"class":214},[61,21553,460],{"class":75},[14,21555,21556],{},"What these checks tell you:",[34,21558,21559,21564,21570,21576,21582],{},[37,21560,21561,21563],{},[18,21562,12902],{}," shows the full dictionary",[37,21565,21566,21569],{},[18,21567,21568],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[37,21571,21572,21575],{},[18,21573,21574],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[37,21577,21578,21581],{},[18,21579,21580],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[37,21583,21584,21587],{},[18,21585,21586],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21589,21590,21591,4621,21596,21600],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[334,21592,21593,21594,10961],{"href":17283},"the dictionary ",[18,21595,17286],{},[334,21597,21593,21598,10961],{"href":17296},[18,21599,17299],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[47,21602,1987],{"id":1986},[819,21604,12927,21606,21608,21609,2735],{"id":21605},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21607,10960],{}," raise ",[18,21610,19907],{},[14,21612,21613,21614,21616],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21615,4012],{}," or the default value you provide.",[819,21618,12927,21620,21622],{"id":21619},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21621,10960],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21624,21625],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[819,21627,21629,21630,2735],{"id":21628},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21631,10960],{},[14,21633,21634,21636],{},[18,21635,4012],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[819,21638,21640,21641,21643],{"id":21639},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21642,10960],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21645,165,21646,21648],{},[18,21647,10960],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[47,21650,2144],{"id":2143},[34,21652,21653,21657,21663,21669,21673,21678],{},[37,21654,21655],{},[334,21656,9380],{"href":9379},[37,21658,21659],{},[334,21660,10957,21661,10961],{"href":17283},[18,21662,17286],{},[37,21664,21665],{},[334,21666,10957,21667,10961],{"href":17296},[18,21668,17299],{},[37,21670,21671],{},[334,21672,17375],{"href":17374},[37,21674,21675],{},[334,21676,21677],{"href":16817},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[37,21679,21680],{},[334,21681,11482],{"href":11295},[2169,21683,21684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":21686},[21687,21689,21690,21692,21697,21698,21706,21707,21717],{"id":20052,"depth":101,"text":21688},"What get() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":20387,"depth":101,"text":21691},"When to use get()",{"id":20559,"depth":101,"text":21693,"children":21694},"get() vs square brackets",[21695,21696],{"id":20608,"depth":123,"text":20609},{"id":19970,"depth":123,"text":10960},{"id":20807,"depth":101,"text":20808},{"id":21020,"depth":101,"text":21021,"children":21699},[21700,21702,21704],{"id":21029,"depth":123,"text":21701},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21115,"depth":123,"text":21703},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21205,"depth":123,"text":21705},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":21708},[21709,21711,21713,21715],{"id":21605,"depth":123,"text":21710},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21619,"depth":123,"text":21712},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21628,"depth":123,"text":21714},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21639,"depth":123,"text":21716},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19888,"description":21718},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21725,"title":21726,"body":21727,"description":24284,"extension":2216,"meta":24285,"navigation":271,"path":24286,"seo":24287,"stem":24288,"__hash__":24289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21728,"toc":24250},[21729,21734,21740,21746,21748,21830,21834,21851,21856,21861,21866,21868,21882,21884,21947,21951,21991,21999,22001,22003,22018,22021,22034,22036,22115,22119,22185,22187,22191,22199,22201,22212,22214,22324,22328,22407,22413,22419,22424,22537,22541,22573,22576,22683,22689,22696,22700,22703,22806,22810,22871,22874,22877,22888,22897,22900,22917,22919,23018,23022,23097,23100,23123,23128,23133,23150,23152,23273,23277,23311,23313,23318,23325,23335,23337,23415,23418,23489,23499,23502,23534,23537,23576,23582,23589,23592,23683,23687,23768,23774,23777,23780,23885,23888,23891,24013,24017,24020,24087,24091,24128,24134,24136,24142,24147,24153,24160,24166,24169,24208,24214,24217,24219,24247],[10,21730,11538,21732,11542],{"id":21731},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21733,17299],{},[14,21735,2233,21736,21739],{},[18,21737,21738],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21741,21742,21743,21745],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21744,17299],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[47,21747,50],{"id":49},[52,21749,21751],{"className":54,"code":21750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21752,21753,21789,21793,21816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21754,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21756,13426],{"class":67},[61,21758,72],{"class":71},[61,21760,1235],{"class":75},[61,21762,215],{"class":214},[61,21764,7899],{"class":218},[61,21766,215],{"class":214},[61,21768,378],{"class":75},[61,21770,226],{"class":214},[61,21772,13104],{"class":218},[61,21774,215],{"class":214},[61,21776,83],{"class":75},[61,21778,226],{"class":214},[61,21780,9521],{"class":218},[61,21782,215],{"class":214},[61,21784,378],{"class":75},[61,21786,9528],{"class":79},[61,21788,162],{"class":75},[61,21790,21791],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21792,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21794,21795,21797,21800,21802,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21796,6186],{"class":1490},[61,21798,21799],{"class":67}," key",[61,21801,83],{"class":75},[61,21803,21804],{"class":67}," value ",[61,21806,1433],{"class":1490},[61,21808,13469],{"class":67},[61,21810,26],{"class":75},[61,21812,1267],{"class":116},[61,21814,21815],{"class":75},"():\n",[61,21817,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,21819,8299],{"class":126},[61,21821,113],{"class":75},[61,21823,15062],{"class":116},[61,21825,83],{"class":75},[61,21827,8663],{"class":116},[61,21829,120],{"class":75},[14,21831,21832],{},[23,21833,139],{},[52,21835,21837],{"className":54,"code":21836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21838,21839,21844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21840,21841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21842,21843],{"class":67},"name Ana\n",[61,21845,21846,21849],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21847,21848],{"class":67},"age ",[61,21850,2950],{"class":79},[14,21852,165,21853,21855],{},[18,21854,17299],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[47,21857,3911,21859,3914],{"id":21858},"what-items-does",[18,21860,17299],{},[14,21862,21863,21865],{},[18,21864,17299],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21867,11679],{},[34,21869,21870,21876,21879],{},[37,21871,21872,21873],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21874,21875],{},"(key, value)",[37,21877,21878],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[37,21880,21881],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21883,197],{},[52,21885,21887],{"className":54,"code":21886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21888,21889,21925,21929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21890,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21892,13426],{"class":67},[61,21894,72],{"class":71},[61,21896,1235],{"class":75},[61,21898,215],{"class":214},[61,21900,7899],{"class":218},[61,21902,215],{"class":214},[61,21904,378],{"class":75},[61,21906,226],{"class":214},[61,21908,13104],{"class":218},[61,21910,215],{"class":214},[61,21912,83],{"class":75},[61,21914,226],{"class":214},[61,21916,9521],{"class":218},[61,21918,215],{"class":214},[61,21920,378],{"class":75},[61,21922,9528],{"class":79},[61,21924,162],{"class":75},[61,21926,21927],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,21928,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,21930,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,21932,127],{"class":126},[61,21934,113],{"class":75},[61,21936,383],{"class":109},[61,21938,113],{"class":75},[61,21940,17528],{"class":116},[61,21942,26],{"class":75},[61,21944,1267],{"class":116},[61,21946,6517],{"class":75},[14,21948,21949],{},[23,21950,139],{},[52,21952,21954],{"className":54,"code":21953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21955,21956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,21957,21958,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,21959,21960],{"class":75},"[(",[61,21962,299],{"class":214},[61,21964,7899],{"class":218},[61,21966,299],{"class":214},[61,21968,83],{"class":75},[61,21970,308],{"class":214},[61,21972,13104],{"class":218},[61,21974,299],{"class":214},[61,21976,1362],{"class":75},[61,21978,942],{"class":75},[61,21980,299],{"class":214},[61,21982,9521],{"class":218},[61,21984,299],{"class":214},[61,21986,83],{"class":75},[61,21988,9528],{"class":79},[61,21990,9472],{"class":75},[14,21992,21993,21994,1881,21996,26],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[334,21995,9380],{"href":13247},[334,21997,15246],{"href":21998},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[47,22000,341],{"id":340},[14,22002,5663],{},[52,22004,22006],{"className":54,"code":22005,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,22007,22008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22009,22010,22012,22014,22016],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22011,11670],{"class":67},[61,22013,26],{"class":75},[61,22015,1267],{"class":116},[61,22017,628],{"class":75},[14,22019,22020],{},"Things to remember:",[34,22022,22023,22028,22031],{},[37,22024,22025,22027],{},[18,22026,17299],{}," does not take any arguments",[37,22029,22030],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[37,22032,22033],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22035,197],{},[52,22037,22039],{"className":54,"code":22038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,22040,22041,22073,22077,22091,22095,22105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22042,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22044,5292],{"class":67},[61,22046,72],{"class":71},[61,22048,1235],{"class":75},[61,22050,215],{"class":214},[61,22052,5232],{"class":218},[61,22054,215],{"class":214},[61,22056,378],{"class":75},[61,22058,20118],{"class":79},[61,22060,83],{"class":75},[61,22062,226],{"class":214},[61,22064,5241],{"class":218},[61,22066,215],{"class":214},[61,22068,378],{"class":75},[61,22070,13729],{"class":79},[61,22072,162],{"class":75},[61,22074,22075],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22076,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22078,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22080,869],{"class":67},[61,22082,72],{"class":71},[61,22084,5339],{"class":67},[61,22086,26],{"class":75},[61,22088,1267],{"class":116},[61,22090,628],{"class":75},[61,22092,22093],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22094,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22096,22097,22099,22101,22103],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,22098,127],{"class":126},[61,22100,113],{"class":75},[61,22102,892],{"class":116},[61,22104,120],{"class":75},[61,22106,22107,22109,22111,22113],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,22108,127],{"class":126},[61,22110,113],{"class":75},[61,22112,16609],{"class":116},[61,22114,120],{"class":75},[14,22116,22117],{},[23,22118,139],{},[52,22120,22122],{"className":54,"code":22121,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,22123,22124,22157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22125,22126,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22127,22128],{"class":116},"dict_items",[61,22130,9879],{"class":75},[61,22132,299],{"class":214},[61,22134,5232],{"class":218},[61,22136,299],{"class":214},[61,22138,83],{"class":75},[61,22140,20118],{"class":79},[61,22142,1362],{"class":75},[61,22144,942],{"class":75},[61,22146,299],{"class":214},[61,22148,5241],{"class":218},[61,22150,299],{"class":214},[61,22152,83],{"class":75},[61,22154,13729],{"class":79},[61,22156,10899],{"class":75},[61,22158,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22160,149],{"class":75},[61,22162,299],{"class":214},[61,22164,5232],{"class":218},[61,22166,299],{"class":214},[61,22168,378],{"class":75},[61,22170,20118],{"class":79},[61,22172,83],{"class":75},[61,22174,308],{"class":214},[61,22176,5241],{"class":218},[61,22178,299],{"class":214},[61,22180,378],{"class":75},[61,22182,13729],{"class":79},[61,22184,162],{"class":75},[14,22186,21112],{},[47,22188,22190],{"id":22189},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22192,22193,22195,22196,22198],{},[18,22194,17299],{}," returns a ",[18,22197,22128],{}," view object.",[14,22200,2359],{},[34,22202,22203,22206,22209],{},[37,22204,22205],{},"You can loop over it",[37,22207,22208],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[37,22210,22211],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22213,197],{},[52,22215,22217],{"className":54,"code":22216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22218,22219,22251,22265,22269,22283,22287,22306,22310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22220,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22222,9390],{"class":67},[61,22224,72],{"class":71},[61,22226,1235],{"class":75},[61,22228,215],{"class":214},[61,22230,2422],{"class":218},[61,22232,215],{"class":214},[61,22234,378],{"class":75},[61,22236,587],{"class":79},[61,22238,83],{"class":75},[61,22240,226],{"class":214},[61,22242,11967],{"class":218},[61,22244,215],{"class":214},[61,22246,378],{"class":75},[61,22248,86],{"class":79},[61,22250,162],{"class":75},[61,22252,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22254,9440],{"class":67},[61,22256,72],{"class":71},[61,22258,14787],{"class":67},[61,22260,26],{"class":75},[61,22262,1267],{"class":116},[61,22264,628],{"class":75},[61,22266,22267],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22268,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22270,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22272,127],{"class":126},[61,22274,113],{"class":75},[61,22276,383],{"class":109},[61,22278,113],{"class":75},[61,22280,9485],{"class":116},[61,22282,480],{"class":75},[61,22284,22285],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,22286,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22288,22289,22291,22293,22295,22298,22300,22302,22304],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,22290,9429],{"class":67},[61,22292,4129],{"class":75},[61,22294,215],{"class":214},[61,22296,22297],{"class":218},"z",[61,22299,215],{"class":214},[61,22301,13495],{"class":75},[61,22303,13498],{"class":71},[61,22305,2819],{"class":79},[61,22307,22308],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,22309,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,22313,127],{"class":126},[61,22315,113],{"class":75},[61,22317,383],{"class":109},[61,22319,113],{"class":75},[61,22321,9485],{"class":116},[61,22323,480],{"class":75},[14,22325,22326],{},[23,22327,139],{},[52,22329,22331],{"className":54,"code":22330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22332,22333,22363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22334,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22336,21960],{"class":75},[61,22338,299],{"class":214},[61,22340,2422],{"class":218},[61,22342,299],{"class":214},[61,22344,83],{"class":75},[61,22346,587],{"class":79},[61,22348,1362],{"class":75},[61,22350,942],{"class":75},[61,22352,299],{"class":214},[61,22354,11967],{"class":218},[61,22356,299],{"class":214},[61,22358,83],{"class":75},[61,22360,86],{"class":79},[61,22362,9472],{"class":75},[61,22364,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22366,21960],{"class":75},[61,22368,299],{"class":214},[61,22370,2422],{"class":218},[61,22372,299],{"class":214},[61,22374,83],{"class":75},[61,22376,587],{"class":79},[61,22378,1362],{"class":75},[61,22380,942],{"class":75},[61,22382,299],{"class":214},[61,22384,11967],{"class":218},[61,22386,299],{"class":214},[61,22388,83],{"class":75},[61,22390,86],{"class":79},[61,22392,1362],{"class":75},[61,22394,942],{"class":75},[61,22396,299],{"class":214},[61,22398,22297],{"class":218},[61,22400,299],{"class":214},[61,22402,83],{"class":75},[61,22404,95],{"class":79},[61,22406,9472],{"class":75},[14,22408,22409,22410,22412],{},"This happens because ",[18,22411,9485],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[47,22414,22416,22417],{"id":22415},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22418,17299],{},[14,22420,22421,22422,378],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22423,17299],{},[52,22425,22427],{"className":54,"code":22426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22428,22429,22482,22486,22506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22430,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22432,13087],{"class":67},[61,22434,72],{"class":71},[61,22436,1235],{"class":75},[61,22438,215],{"class":214},[61,22440,7899],{"class":218},[61,22442,215],{"class":214},[61,22444,378],{"class":75},[61,22446,226],{"class":214},[61,22448,8151],{"class":218},[61,22450,215],{"class":214},[61,22452,83],{"class":75},[61,22454,226],{"class":214},[61,22456,20111],{"class":218},[61,22458,215],{"class":214},[61,22460,378],{"class":75},[61,22462,226],{"class":214},[61,22464,22465],{"class":218},"A",[61,22467,215],{"class":214},[61,22469,83],{"class":75},[61,22471,226],{"class":214},[61,22473,9521],{"class":218},[61,22475,215],{"class":214},[61,22477,378],{"class":75},[61,22479,14079],{"class":79},[61,22481,162],{"class":75},[61,22483,22484],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22485,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22487,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22489,6186],{"class":1490},[61,22491,21799],{"class":67},[61,22493,83],{"class":75},[61,22495,21804],{"class":67},[61,22497,1433],{"class":1490},[61,22499,13130],{"class":67},[61,22501,26],{"class":75},[61,22503,1267],{"class":116},[61,22505,21815],{"class":75},[61,22507,22508,22510,22512,22515,22517,22519,22521,22524,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22509,8299],{"class":126},[61,22511,113],{"class":75},[61,22513,22514],{"class":675},"f",[61,22516,215],{"class":218},[61,22518,149],{"class":79},[61,22520,15062],{"class":116},[61,22522,22523],{"class":79},"}",[61,22525,22526],{"class":218},": ",[61,22528,149],{"class":79},[61,22530,1783],{"class":116},[61,22532,22523],{"class":79},[61,22534,215],{"class":218},[61,22536,120],{"class":75},[14,22538,22539],{},[23,22540,139],{},[52,22542,22544],{"className":54,"code":22543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22545,22546,22555,22564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22547,22548,22550,22552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22549,7899],{"class":67},[61,22551,378],{"class":75},[61,22553,22554],{"class":67}," Mia\n",[61,22556,22557,22559,22561],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22558,20111],{"class":67},[61,22560,378],{"class":75},[61,22562,22563],{"class":67}," A\n",[61,22565,22566,22568,22570],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22567,9521],{"class":67},[61,22569,378],{"class":75},[61,22571,22572],{"class":79}," 14\n",[14,22574,22575],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[52,22577,22579],{"className":54,"code":22578,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22580,22581,22633,22637,22649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22582,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22584,13087],{"class":67},[61,22586,72],{"class":71},[61,22588,1235],{"class":75},[61,22590,215],{"class":214},[61,22592,7899],{"class":218},[61,22594,215],{"class":214},[61,22596,378],{"class":75},[61,22598,226],{"class":214},[61,22600,8151],{"class":218},[61,22602,215],{"class":214},[61,22604,83],{"class":75},[61,22606,226],{"class":214},[61,22608,20111],{"class":218},[61,22610,215],{"class":214},[61,22612,378],{"class":75},[61,22614,226],{"class":214},[61,22616,22465],{"class":218},[61,22618,215],{"class":214},[61,22620,83],{"class":75},[61,22622,226],{"class":214},[61,22624,9521],{"class":218},[61,22626,215],{"class":214},[61,22628,378],{"class":75},[61,22630,14079],{"class":79},[61,22632,162],{"class":75},[61,22634,22635],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22636,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22638,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22640,6186],{"class":1490},[61,22642,18428],{"class":67},[61,22644,1433],{"class":1490},[61,22646,13130],{"class":67},[61,22648,6621],{"class":75},[61,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22652,8299],{"class":126},[61,22654,113],{"class":75},[61,22656,22514],{"class":675},[61,22658,215],{"class":218},[61,22660,149],{"class":79},[61,22662,15062],{"class":116},[61,22664,22523],{"class":79},[61,22666,22526],{"class":218},[61,22668,149],{"class":79},[61,22670,13848],{"class":116},[61,22672,4129],{"class":75},[61,22674,15062],{"class":116},[61,22676,13495],{"class":75},[61,22678,22523],{"class":79},[61,22680,215],{"class":218},[61,22682,120],{"class":75},[14,22684,6739,22685,22688],{},[18,22686,22687],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22690,22691,22692,26],{},"For a full guide, see ",[334,22693,22695],{"href":22694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[47,22697,22699],{"id":22698},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22701,22702],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[52,22704,22706],{"className":54,"code":22705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22707,22708,22767,22771,22791,22795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22709,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22745,22747,22749,22751,22754,22756,22758,22760,22763,22765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22711,207],{"class":67},[61,22713,72],{"class":71},[61,22715,1235],{"class":75},[61,22717,215],{"class":214},[61,22719,2042],{"class":218},[61,22721,215],{"class":214},[61,22723,378],{"class":75},[61,22725,226],{"class":214},[61,22727,219],{"class":218},[61,22729,215],{"class":214},[61,22731,83],{"class":75},[61,22733,226],{"class":214},[61,22735,1040],{"class":218},[61,22737,215],{"class":214},[61,22739,378],{"class":75},[61,22741,226],{"class":214},[61,22743,22744],{"class":218},"yellow",[61,22746,215],{"class":214},[61,22748,83],{"class":75},[61,22750,226],{"class":214},[61,22752,22753],{"class":218},"grape",[61,22755,215],{"class":214},[61,22757,378],{"class":75},[61,22759,226],{"class":214},[61,22761,22762],{"class":218},"purple",[61,22764,215],{"class":214},[61,22766,162],{"class":75},[61,22768,22769],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22770,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22772,22773,22776,22778,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22774,22775],{"class":67},"pairs_list ",[61,22777,72],{"class":71},[61,22779,22780],{"class":109}," list",[61,22782,113],{"class":75},[61,22784,264],{"class":116},[61,22786,26],{"class":75},[61,22788,1267],{"class":116},[61,22790,7424],{"class":75},[61,22792,22793],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22794,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22796,22797,22799,22801,22804],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,22798,127],{"class":126},[61,22800,113],{"class":75},[61,22802,22803],{"class":116},"pairs_list",[61,22805,120],{"class":75},[14,22807,22808],{},[23,22809,139],{},[52,22811,22813],{"className":54,"code":22812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22814,22815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22816,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22818,21960],{"class":75},[61,22820,299],{"class":214},[61,22822,2042],{"class":218},[61,22824,299],{"class":214},[61,22826,83],{"class":75},[61,22828,308],{"class":214},[61,22830,219],{"class":218},[61,22832,299],{"class":214},[61,22834,1362],{"class":75},[61,22836,942],{"class":75},[61,22838,299],{"class":214},[61,22840,1040],{"class":218},[61,22842,299],{"class":214},[61,22844,83],{"class":75},[61,22846,308],{"class":214},[61,22848,22744],{"class":218},[61,22850,299],{"class":214},[61,22852,1362],{"class":75},[61,22854,942],{"class":75},[61,22856,299],{"class":214},[61,22858,22753],{"class":218},[61,22860,299],{"class":214},[61,22862,83],{"class":75},[61,22864,308],{"class":214},[61,22866,22762],{"class":218},[61,22868,299],{"class":214},[61,22870,9472],{"class":75},[14,22872,22873],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22875,22876],{},"Use this when:",[34,22878,22879,22882,22885],{},[37,22880,22881],{},"You want clearer printed output",[37,22883,22884],{},"You need list behavior",[37,22886,22887],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[47,22889,22891,10806,22893,10806,22895],{"id":22890},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22892,17299],{},[18,22894,17286],{},[18,22896,17292],{},[14,22898,22899],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[34,22901,22902,22907,22912],{},[37,22903,22904,22906],{},[18,22905,17299],{}," gives both key and value",[37,22908,22909,22911],{},[18,22910,17286],{}," gives only keys",[37,22913,22914,22916],{},[18,22915,17292],{}," gives only values",[14,22918,197],{},[52,22920,22922],{"className":54,"code":22921,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22923,22924,22960,22964,22982,23000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,22925,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,22927,13426],{"class":67},[61,22929,72],{"class":71},[61,22931,1235],{"class":75},[61,22933,215],{"class":214},[61,22935,7899],{"class":218},[61,22937,215],{"class":214},[61,22939,378],{"class":75},[61,22941,226],{"class":214},[61,22943,13104],{"class":218},[61,22945,215],{"class":214},[61,22947,83],{"class":75},[61,22949,226],{"class":214},[61,22951,9521],{"class":218},[61,22953,215],{"class":214},[61,22955,378],{"class":75},[61,22957,9528],{"class":79},[61,22959,162],{"class":75},[61,22961,22962],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,22963,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,22965,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,22967,127],{"class":126},[61,22969,113],{"class":75},[61,22971,383],{"class":109},[61,22973,113],{"class":75},[61,22975,17528],{"class":116},[61,22977,26],{"class":75},[61,22979,17144],{"class":116},[61,22981,6517],{"class":75},[61,22983,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,22985,127],{"class":126},[61,22987,113],{"class":75},[61,22989,383],{"class":109},[61,22991,113],{"class":75},[61,22993,17528],{"class":116},[61,22995,26],{"class":75},[61,22997,974],{"class":116},[61,22999,6517],{"class":75},[61,23001,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,23003,127],{"class":126},[61,23005,113],{"class":75},[61,23007,383],{"class":109},[61,23009,113],{"class":75},[61,23011,17528],{"class":116},[61,23013,26],{"class":75},[61,23015,1267],{"class":116},[61,23017,6517],{"class":75},[14,23019,23020],{},[23,23021,139],{},[52,23023,23025],{"className":54,"code":23024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,23026,23027,23047,23063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23028,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23030,4129],{"class":75},[61,23032,299],{"class":214},[61,23034,7899],{"class":218},[61,23036,299],{"class":214},[61,23038,83],{"class":75},[61,23040,308],{"class":214},[61,23042,9521],{"class":218},[61,23044,299],{"class":214},[61,23046,98],{"class":75},[61,23048,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23050,4129],{"class":75},[61,23052,299],{"class":214},[61,23054,13104],{"class":218},[61,23056,299],{"class":214},[61,23058,83],{"class":75},[61,23060,9528],{"class":79},[61,23062,98],{"class":75},[61,23064,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23066,21960],{"class":75},[61,23068,299],{"class":214},[61,23070,7899],{"class":218},[61,23072,299],{"class":214},[61,23074,83],{"class":75},[61,23076,308],{"class":214},[61,23078,13104],{"class":218},[61,23080,299],{"class":214},[61,23082,1362],{"class":75},[61,23084,942],{"class":75},[61,23086,299],{"class":214},[61,23088,9521],{"class":218},[61,23090,299],{"class":214},[61,23092,83],{"class":75},[61,23094,9528],{"class":79},[61,23096,9472],{"class":75},[14,23098,23099],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[34,23101,23102,23110,23118],{},[37,23103,23104,23105],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[334,23106,23108],{"href":23107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23109,17286],{},[37,23111,23112,23113],{},"Need just values? Use ",[334,23114,23116],{"href":23115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,23117,17292],{},[37,23119,23120,23121],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,23122,17299],{},[47,23124,5189,23126],{"id":23125},"when-to-use-items",[18,23127,17299],{},[14,23129,23130,23132],{},[18,23131,17299],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[34,23134,23135,23138,23141,23144,23147],{},[37,23136,23137],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[37,23139,23140],{},"Building formatted output",[37,23142,23143],{},"Looping through settings and values",[37,23145,23146],{},"Showing names with scores",[37,23148,23149],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23151,197],{},[52,23153,23155],{"className":54,"code":23154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,23156,23157,23165,23183,23202,23214,23218,23222,23243],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23158,23159,23161,23163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23160,14047],{"class":67},[61,23162,72],{"class":71},[61,23164,11714],{"class":75},[61,23166,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23168,11719],{"class":214},[61,23170,12717],{"class":218},[61,23172,215],{"class":214},[61,23174,378],{"class":75},[61,23176,226],{"class":214},[61,23178,12726],{"class":218},[61,23180,215],{"class":214},[61,23182,11735],{"class":75},[61,23184,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23198,23200],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23186,11719],{"class":214},[61,23188,20343],{"class":218},[61,23190,215],{"class":214},[61,23192,378],{"class":75},[61,23194,226],{"class":214},[61,23196,23197],{"class":218},"English",[61,23199,215],{"class":214},[61,23201,11735],{"class":75},[61,23203,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23205,11719],{"class":214},[61,23207,18744],{"class":218},[61,23209,215],{"class":214},[61,23211,378],{"class":75},[61,23213,6651],{"class":1523},[61,23215,23216],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,23217,162],{"class":75},[61,23219,23220],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,23221,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23223,23224,23226,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,23225,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23227,23228],{"class":67}," setting",[61,23230,83],{"class":75},[61,23232,21804],{"class":67},[61,23234,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23236,14091],{"class":67},[61,23238,26],{"class":75},[61,23240,1267],{"class":116},[61,23242,21815],{"class":75},[61,23244,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23258,23260,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,23246,8299],{"class":126},[61,23248,113],{"class":75},[61,23250,22514],{"class":675},[61,23252,215],{"class":218},[61,23254,149],{"class":79},[61,23256,23257],{"class":116},"setting",[61,23259,22523],{"class":79},[61,23261,23262],{"class":218}," = ",[61,23264,149],{"class":79},[61,23266,1783],{"class":116},[61,23268,22523],{"class":79},[61,23270,215],{"class":218},[61,23272,120],{"class":75},[14,23274,23275],{},[23,23276,139],{},[52,23278,23280],{"className":54,"code":23279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23281,23282,23292,23302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23283,23284,23287,23289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23285,23286],{"class":67},"theme ",[61,23288,72],{"class":71},[61,23290,23291],{"class":67}," dark\n",[61,23293,23294,23297,23299],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23295,23296],{"class":67},"language ",[61,23298,72],{"class":71},[61,23300,23301],{"class":67}," English\n",[61,23303,23304,23307,23309],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23305,23306],{"class":67},"notifications ",[61,23308,72],{"class":71},[61,23310,6651],{"class":1523},[47,23312,1741],{"id":1740},[14,23314,23315,23316,26],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23317,17299],{},[819,23319,23321,23322,23324],{"id":23320},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23323,17299],{}," incorrectly",[14,23326,23327,23328,23330,23331,23334],{},"Each result from ",[18,23329,17299],{}," has ",[23,23332,23333],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23336,6917],{},[52,23338,23339],{"className":54,"code":21750,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,23340,23341,23377,23381,23401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23342,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23344,13426],{"class":67},[61,23346,72],{"class":71},[61,23348,1235],{"class":75},[61,23350,215],{"class":214},[61,23352,7899],{"class":218},[61,23354,215],{"class":214},[61,23356,378],{"class":75},[61,23358,226],{"class":214},[61,23360,13104],{"class":218},[61,23362,215],{"class":214},[61,23364,83],{"class":75},[61,23366,226],{"class":214},[61,23368,9521],{"class":218},[61,23370,215],{"class":214},[61,23372,378],{"class":75},[61,23374,9528],{"class":79},[61,23376,162],{"class":75},[61,23378,23379],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23380,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23382,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23384,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23386,21799],{"class":67},[61,23388,83],{"class":75},[61,23390,21804],{"class":67},[61,23392,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23394,13469],{"class":67},[61,23396,26],{"class":75},[61,23398,1267],{"class":116},[61,23400,21815],{"class":75},[61,23402,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23404,8299],{"class":126},[61,23406,113],{"class":75},[61,23408,15062],{"class":116},[61,23410,83],{"class":75},[61,23412,8663],{"class":116},[61,23414,120],{"class":75},[14,23416,23417],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[52,23419,23421],{"className":54,"code":23420,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23422,23423,23459,23463,23479],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23424,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23426,13426],{"class":67},[61,23428,72],{"class":71},[61,23430,1235],{"class":75},[61,23432,215],{"class":214},[61,23434,7899],{"class":218},[61,23436,215],{"class":214},[61,23438,378],{"class":75},[61,23440,226],{"class":214},[61,23442,13104],{"class":218},[61,23444,215],{"class":214},[61,23446,83],{"class":75},[61,23448,226],{"class":214},[61,23450,9521],{"class":218},[61,23452,215],{"class":214},[61,23454,378],{"class":75},[61,23456,9528],{"class":79},[61,23458,162],{"class":75},[61,23460,23461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23462,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23464,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23466,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23468,18428],{"class":67},[61,23470,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23472,13469],{"class":67},[61,23474,26],{"class":75},[61,23476,1267],{"class":116},[61,23478,21815],{"class":75},[61,23480,23481,23483,23485,23487],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23482,8299],{"class":126},[61,23484,113],{"class":75},[61,23486,15062],{"class":116},[61,23488,120],{"class":75},[14,23490,23491,23492,23494,23495,23498],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23493,15062],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23496,23497],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23500,23501],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[52,23503,23505],{"className":54,"code":23504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23506,23507,23523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23508,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23510,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23512,6189],{"class":67},[61,23514,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23516,13469],{"class":67},[61,23518,26],{"class":75},[61,23520,1267],{"class":116},[61,23522,21815],{"class":75},[61,23524,23525,23527,23529,23532],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23526,8299],{"class":126},[61,23528,113],{"class":75},[61,23530,23531],{"class":116},"item",[61,23533,120],{"class":75},[14,23535,23536],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[52,23538,23540],{"className":54,"code":23539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23541,23542,23562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23543,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23545,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23547,21799],{"class":67},[61,23549,83],{"class":75},[61,23551,21804],{"class":67},[61,23553,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23555,13469],{"class":67},[61,23557,26],{"class":75},[61,23559,1267],{"class":116},[61,23561,21815],{"class":75},[61,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23565,8299],{"class":126},[61,23567,113],{"class":75},[61,23569,15062],{"class":116},[61,23571,83],{"class":75},[61,23573,8663],{"class":116},[61,23575,120],{"class":75},[819,23577,1864,23579,23581],{"id":23578},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23580,17299],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23583,23584,22195,23586,23588],{},[18,23585,17299],{},[18,23587,22128],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23590,23591],{},"Check it:",[52,23593,23595],{"className":54,"code":23594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23596,23597,23629,23633,23647,23665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23598,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23600,11946],{"class":67},[61,23602,72],{"class":71},[61,23604,1235],{"class":75},[61,23606,215],{"class":214},[61,23608,334],{"class":218},[61,23610,215],{"class":214},[61,23612,378],{"class":75},[61,23614,587],{"class":79},[61,23616,83],{"class":75},[61,23618,226],{"class":214},[61,23620,765],{"class":218},[61,23622,215],{"class":214},[61,23624,378],{"class":75},[61,23626,86],{"class":79},[61,23628,162],{"class":75},[61,23630,23631],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23632,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23636,127],{"class":126},[61,23638,113],{"class":75},[61,23640,11670],{"class":116},[61,23642,26],{"class":75},[61,23644,1267],{"class":116},[61,23646,7424],{"class":75},[61,23648,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23650,127],{"class":126},[61,23652,113],{"class":75},[61,23654,648],{"class":109},[61,23656,113],{"class":75},[61,23658,11670],{"class":116},[61,23660,26],{"class":75},[61,23662,1267],{"class":116},[61,23664,6517],{"class":75},[61,23666,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,23668,127],{"class":126},[61,23670,113],{"class":75},[61,23672,383],{"class":109},[61,23674,113],{"class":75},[61,23676,11670],{"class":116},[61,23678,26],{"class":75},[61,23680,1267],{"class":116},[61,23682,6517],{"class":75},[14,23684,23685],{},[23,23686,139],{},[52,23688,23690],{"className":54,"code":23689,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23691,23692,23724,23738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23693,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23695,22128],{"class":116},[61,23697,9879],{"class":75},[61,23699,299],{"class":214},[61,23701,334],{"class":218},[61,23703,299],{"class":214},[61,23705,83],{"class":75},[61,23707,587],{"class":79},[61,23709,1362],{"class":75},[61,23711,942],{"class":75},[61,23713,299],{"class":214},[61,23715,765],{"class":218},[61,23717,299],{"class":214},[61,23719,83],{"class":75},[61,23721,86],{"class":79},[61,23723,10899],{"class":75},[61,23725,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23727,672],{"class":71},[61,23729,676],{"class":675},[61,23731,308],{"class":214},[61,23733,22128],{"class":218},[61,23735,299],{"class":214},[61,23737,685],{"class":71},[61,23739,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23741,21960],{"class":75},[61,23743,299],{"class":214},[61,23745,334],{"class":218},[61,23747,299],{"class":214},[61,23749,83],{"class":75},[61,23751,587],{"class":79},[61,23753,1362],{"class":75},[61,23755,942],{"class":75},[61,23757,299],{"class":214},[61,23759,765],{"class":218},[61,23761,299],{"class":214},[61,23763,83],{"class":75},[61,23765,86],{"class":79},[61,23767,9472],{"class":75},[819,23769,23771,23772],{"id":23770},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23773,17299],{},[14,23775,23776],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23778,23779],{},"Problem example:",[52,23781,23783],{"className":54,"code":23782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23784,23785,23829,23833,23853,23865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23786,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23788,68],{"class":67},[61,23790,72],{"class":71},[61,23792,1235],{"class":75},[61,23794,215],{"class":214},[61,23796,334],{"class":218},[61,23798,215],{"class":214},[61,23800,378],{"class":75},[61,23802,587],{"class":79},[61,23804,83],{"class":75},[61,23806,226],{"class":214},[61,23808,765],{"class":218},[61,23810,215],{"class":214},[61,23812,378],{"class":75},[61,23814,86],{"class":79},[61,23816,83],{"class":75},[61,23818,226],{"class":214},[61,23820,9961],{"class":218},[61,23822,215],{"class":214},[61,23824,378],{"class":75},[61,23826,95],{"class":79},[61,23828,162],{"class":75},[61,23830,23831],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23832,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23834,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23836,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23838,21799],{"class":67},[61,23840,83],{"class":75},[61,23842,21804],{"class":67},[61,23844,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23846,4490],{"class":67},[61,23848,26],{"class":75},[61,23850,1267],{"class":116},[61,23852,21815],{"class":75},[61,23854,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23856,6626],{"class":1490},[61,23858,21804],{"class":67},[61,23860,4916],{"class":71},[61,23862,86],{"class":79},[61,23864,6621],{"class":75},[61,23866,23867,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,23868,23869],{"class":67},"        numbers",[61,23871,4129],{"class":75},[61,23873,215],{"class":214},[61,23875,18987],{"class":218},[61,23877,215],{"class":214},[61,23879,13495],{"class":75},[61,23881,13498],{"class":71},[61,23883,23884],{"class":79}," 4\n",[14,23886,23887],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23889,23890],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[52,23892,23894],{"className":54,"code":23893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23895,23896,23940,23944,23969,23981,23999,24003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,23897,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,23899,68],{"class":67},[61,23901,72],{"class":71},[61,23903,1235],{"class":75},[61,23905,215],{"class":214},[61,23907,334],{"class":218},[61,23909,215],{"class":214},[61,23911,378],{"class":75},[61,23913,587],{"class":79},[61,23915,83],{"class":75},[61,23917,226],{"class":214},[61,23919,765],{"class":218},[61,23921,215],{"class":214},[61,23923,378],{"class":75},[61,23925,86],{"class":79},[61,23927,83],{"class":75},[61,23929,226],{"class":214},[61,23931,9961],{"class":218},[61,23933,215],{"class":214},[61,23935,378],{"class":75},[61,23937,95],{"class":79},[61,23939,162],{"class":75},[61,23941,23942],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,23943,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,23947,6186],{"class":1490},[61,23949,21799],{"class":67},[61,23951,83],{"class":75},[61,23953,21804],{"class":67},[61,23955,1433],{"class":1490},[61,23957,22780],{"class":109},[61,23959,113],{"class":75},[61,23961,117],{"class":116},[61,23963,26],{"class":75},[61,23965,1267],{"class":116},[61,23967,23968],{"class":75},"()):\n",[61,23970,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,23972,6626],{"class":1490},[61,23974,21804],{"class":67},[61,23976,4916],{"class":71},[61,23978,86],{"class":79},[61,23980,6621],{"class":75},[61,23982,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,23984,23869],{"class":67},[61,23986,4129],{"class":75},[61,23988,215],{"class":214},[61,23990,18987],{"class":218},[61,23992,215],{"class":214},[61,23994,13495],{"class":75},[61,23996,13498],{"class":71},[61,23998,23884],{"class":79},[61,24000,24001],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,24002,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24004,24005,24007,24009,24011],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,24006,127],{"class":126},[61,24008,113],{"class":75},[61,24010,117],{"class":116},[61,24012,120],{"class":75},[819,24014,24016],{"id":24015},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24018,24019],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[52,24021,24023],{"className":54,"code":24022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,24024,24025,24057,24061,24077],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24028,9390],{"class":67},[61,24030,72],{"class":71},[61,24032,1235],{"class":75},[61,24034,215],{"class":214},[61,24036,2422],{"class":218},[61,24038,215],{"class":214},[61,24040,378],{"class":75},[61,24042,457],{"class":79},[61,24044,83],{"class":75},[61,24046,226],{"class":214},[61,24048,11967],{"class":218},[61,24050,215],{"class":214},[61,24052,378],{"class":75},[61,24054,452],{"class":79},[61,24056,162],{"class":75},[61,24058,24059],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24060,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24062,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,24064,6186],{"class":1490},[61,24066,6189],{"class":67},[61,24068,1433],{"class":1490},[61,24070,14787],{"class":67},[61,24072,26],{"class":75},[61,24074,1267],{"class":116},[61,24076,21815],{"class":75},[61,24078,24079,24081,24083,24085],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,24080,8299],{"class":126},[61,24082,113],{"class":75},[61,24084,23531],{"class":116},[61,24086,120],{"class":75},[14,24088,24089],{},[23,24090,139],{},[52,24092,24094],{"className":54,"code":24093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,24095,24096,24112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24097,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24099,113],{"class":75},[61,24101,299],{"class":214},[61,24103,2422],{"class":218},[61,24105,299],{"class":214},[61,24107,83],{"class":75},[61,24109,457],{"class":79},[61,24111,120],{"class":75},[61,24113,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24115,113],{"class":75},[61,24117,299],{"class":214},[61,24119,11967],{"class":218},[61,24121,299],{"class":214},[61,24123,83],{"class":75},[61,24125,452],{"class":79},[61,24127,120],{"class":75},[14,24129,24130,24131,24133],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,24132,21875],{}," pair.",[47,24135,1987],{"id":1986},[819,24137,24139,24140,5374],{"id":24138},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,24141,17299],{},[14,24143,17643,24144,24146],{},[18,24145,22128],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[819,24148,12927,24150,24152],{"id":24149},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,24151,17299],{}," return a list?",[14,24154,24155,24156,24159],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,24157,24158],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[819,24161,24163,24164,2735],{"id":24162},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,24165,17299],{},[14,24167,24168],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[52,24170,24172],{"className":54,"code":24171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24173,24174,24194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24175,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24177,6186],{"class":1490},[61,24179,21799],{"class":67},[61,24181,83],{"class":75},[61,24183,21804],{"class":67},[61,24185,1433],{"class":1490},[61,24187,11988],{"class":67},[61,24189,26],{"class":75},[61,24191,1267],{"class":116},[61,24193,21815],{"class":75},[61,24195,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24197,8299],{"class":126},[61,24199,113],{"class":75},[61,24201,15062],{"class":116},[61,24203,83],{"class":75},[61,24205,8663],{"class":116},[61,24207,120],{"class":75},[819,24209,12927,24211,24213],{"id":24210},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24212,17299],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24215,24216],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[47,24218,2144],{"id":2143},[34,24220,24221,24227,24233,24238,24242],{},[37,24222,24223],{},[334,24224,10957,24225,10961],{"href":23107},[18,24226,17286],{},[37,24228,24229],{},[334,24230,10957,24231,10961],{"href":23115},[18,24232,17292],{},[37,24234,24235],{},[334,24236,24237],{"href":22694},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[37,24239,24240],{},[334,24241,9380],{"href":13247},[37,24243,24244],{},[334,24245,24246],{"href":21998},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2169,24248,24249],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":24251},[24252,24253,24255,24256,24257,24259,24260,24262,24264,24273,24283],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":21858,"depth":101,"text":24254},"What items() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":22189,"depth":101,"text":22190},{"id":22415,"depth":101,"text":24258},"Looping with items()",{"id":22698,"depth":101,"text":22699},{"id":22890,"depth":101,"text":24261},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23125,"depth":101,"text":24263},"When to use items()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":24265},[24266,24268,24270,24272],{"id":23320,"depth":123,"text":24267},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23578,"depth":123,"text":24269},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23770,"depth":123,"text":24271},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24015,"depth":123,"text":24016},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":24274},[24275,24277,24279,24281],{"id":24138,"depth":123,"text":24276},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24149,"depth":123,"text":24278},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24162,"depth":123,"text":24280},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24210,"depth":123,"text":24282},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21726,"description":24284},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24291,"title":24292,"body":24293,"description":26383,"extension":2216,"meta":26384,"navigation":271,"path":23107,"seo":26385,"stem":26386,"__hash__":26387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24294,"toc":26349},[24295,24300,24306,24309,24320,24327,24329,24412,24416,24463,24468,24473,24478,24480,24496,24498,24597,24601,24658,24661,24663,24666,24759,24763,24826,24829,24845,24850,24852,24854,24869,24871,24882,24884,24927,24930,24974,24977,24979,24986,24989,25005,25007,25100,25104,25145,25157,25161,25164,25252,25256,25276,25279,25306,25313,25318,25322,25333,25335,25439,25443,25469,25472,25539,25544,25547,25570,25575,25579,25584,25590,25595,25597,25652,25656,25683,25690,25696,25699,25724,25730,25756,25759,25834,25841,25846,25848,25887,25905,25909,25912,25955,25958,25960,25979,25981,25986,26011,26014,26084,26087,26160,26164,26166,26227,26230,26246,26248,26253,26258,26265,26274,26280,26286,26293,26299,26303,26308,26310,26346],[10,24296,11538,24298,11542],{"id":24297},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24299,17286],{},[14,24301,24302,24303,24305],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24304,17286],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24307,24308],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[34,24310,24311,24314,24317],{},[37,24312,24313],{},"view the available keys",[37,24315,24316],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[37,24318,24319],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24321,24322,24324,24325,26],{},[18,24323,17286],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24326,17235],{},[47,24328,50],{"id":49},[52,24330,24332],{"className":54,"code":24331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24333,24334,24370,24384,24388,24398],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24335,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24337,13087],{"class":67},[61,24339,72],{"class":71},[61,24341,1235],{"class":75},[61,24343,215],{"class":214},[61,24345,7899],{"class":218},[61,24347,215],{"class":214},[61,24349,378],{"class":75},[61,24351,226],{"class":214},[61,24353,13104],{"class":218},[61,24355,215],{"class":214},[61,24357,83],{"class":75},[61,24359,226],{"class":214},[61,24361,9521],{"class":218},[61,24363,215],{"class":214},[61,24365,378],{"class":75},[61,24367,452],{"class":79},[61,24369,162],{"class":75},[61,24371,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24373,17463],{"class":67},[61,24375,72],{"class":71},[61,24377,13130],{"class":67},[61,24379,26],{"class":75},[61,24381,17144],{"class":116},[61,24383,628],{"class":75},[61,24385,24386],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,24387,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24389,24390,24392,24394,24396],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,24391,127],{"class":126},[61,24393,113],{"class":75},[61,24395,17144],{"class":116},[61,24397,120],{"class":75},[61,24399,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,24401,127],{"class":126},[61,24403,113],{"class":75},[61,24405,383],{"class":109},[61,24407,113],{"class":75},[61,24409,17144],{"class":116},[61,24411,480],{"class":75},[14,24413,24414],{},[23,24415,139],{},[52,24417,24419],{"className":54,"code":24418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24420,24421,24443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24424,17235],{"class":116},[61,24426,416],{"class":75},[61,24428,299],{"class":214},[61,24430,7899],{"class":218},[61,24432,299],{"class":214},[61,24434,83],{"class":75},[61,24436,308],{"class":214},[61,24438,9521],{"class":218},[61,24440,299],{"class":214},[61,24442,1474],{"class":75},[61,24444,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24446,4129],{"class":75},[61,24448,299],{"class":214},[61,24450,7899],{"class":218},[61,24452,299],{"class":214},[61,24454,83],{"class":75},[61,24456,308],{"class":214},[61,24458,9521],{"class":218},[61,24460,299],{"class":214},[61,24462,98],{"class":75},[14,24464,165,24465,24467],{},[18,24466,17286],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[47,24469,3911,24471,3914],{"id":24470},"what-keys-does",[18,24472,17286],{},[14,24474,24475,24477],{},[18,24476,17286],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24479,11679],{},[34,24481,24482,24485,24488,24493],{},[37,24483,24484],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[37,24486,24487],{},"It does not need any arguments",[37,24489,17643,24490,24492],{},[18,24491,17235],{}," view object, not a list",[37,24494,24495],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24497,197],{},[52,24499,24501],{"className":54,"code":24500,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24502,24503,24539,24543,24557,24561,24583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24506,13426],{"class":67},[61,24508,72],{"class":71},[61,24510,1235],{"class":75},[61,24512,215],{"class":214},[61,24514,7899],{"class":218},[61,24516,215],{"class":214},[61,24518,378],{"class":75},[61,24520,226],{"class":214},[61,24522,13443],{"class":218},[61,24524,215],{"class":214},[61,24526,83],{"class":75},[61,24528,226],{"class":214},[61,24530,9521],{"class":218},[61,24532,215],{"class":214},[61,24534,378],{"class":75},[61,24536,9528],{"class":79},[61,24538,162],{"class":75},[61,24540,24541],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24542,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24544,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,24546,127],{"class":126},[61,24548,113],{"class":75},[61,24550,17528],{"class":116},[61,24552,26],{"class":75},[61,24554,17144],{"class":116},[61,24556,7424],{"class":75},[61,24558,24559],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,24560,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24562,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,24564,17528],{"class":67},[61,24566,4129],{"class":75},[61,24568,215],{"class":214},[61,24570,10630],{"class":218},[61,24572,215],{"class":214},[61,24574,13495],{"class":75},[61,24576,13498],{"class":71},[61,24578,226],{"class":214},[61,24580,10637],{"class":218},[61,24582,1043],{"class":214},[61,24584,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,24586,127],{"class":126},[61,24588,113],{"class":75},[61,24590,17528],{"class":116},[61,24592,26],{"class":75},[61,24594,17144],{"class":116},[61,24596,7424],{"class":75},[14,24598,24599],{},[23,24600,139],{},[52,24602,24604],{"className":54,"code":24603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24605,24606,24628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24607,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24609,17235],{"class":116},[61,24611,416],{"class":75},[61,24613,299],{"class":214},[61,24615,7899],{"class":218},[61,24617,299],{"class":214},[61,24619,83],{"class":75},[61,24621,308],{"class":214},[61,24623,9521],{"class":218},[61,24625,299],{"class":214},[61,24627,1474],{"class":75},[61,24629,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24631,17235],{"class":116},[61,24633,416],{"class":75},[61,24635,299],{"class":214},[61,24637,7899],{"class":218},[61,24639,299],{"class":214},[61,24641,83],{"class":75},[61,24643,308],{"class":214},[61,24645,9521],{"class":218},[61,24647,299],{"class":214},[61,24649,83],{"class":75},[61,24651,308],{"class":214},[61,24653,10630],{"class":218},[61,24655,299],{"class":214},[61,24657,1474],{"class":75},[14,24659,24660],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[47,24662,6015],{"id":6014},[14,24664,24665],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[52,24667,24669],{"className":54,"code":24668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24670,24671,24723,24727,24741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24672,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24674,9390],{"class":67},[61,24676,72],{"class":71},[61,24678,1235],{"class":75},[61,24680,215],{"class":214},[61,24682,7899],{"class":218},[61,24684,215],{"class":214},[61,24686,378],{"class":75},[61,24688,226],{"class":214},[61,24690,13104],{"class":218},[61,24692,215],{"class":214},[61,24694,83],{"class":75},[61,24696,226],{"class":214},[61,24698,9521],{"class":218},[61,24700,215],{"class":214},[61,24702,378],{"class":75},[61,24704,452],{"class":79},[61,24706,83],{"class":75},[61,24708,226],{"class":214},[61,24710,20111],{"class":218},[61,24712,215],{"class":214},[61,24714,378],{"class":75},[61,24716,226],{"class":214},[61,24718,22465],{"class":218},[61,24720,215],{"class":214},[61,24722,162],{"class":75},[61,24724,24725],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24726,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,24728,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,24730,127],{"class":126},[61,24732,113],{"class":75},[61,24734,9429],{"class":116},[61,24736,26],{"class":75},[61,24738,17144],{"class":116},[61,24740,7424],{"class":75},[61,24742,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,24744,127],{"class":126},[61,24746,113],{"class":75},[61,24748,383],{"class":109},[61,24750,113],{"class":75},[61,24752,9429],{"class":116},[61,24754,26],{"class":75},[61,24756,17144],{"class":116},[61,24758,6517],{"class":75},[14,24760,24761],{},[23,24762,139],{},[52,24764,24766],{"className":54,"code":24765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24767,24768,24798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24769,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24771,17235],{"class":116},[61,24773,416],{"class":75},[61,24775,299],{"class":214},[61,24777,7899],{"class":218},[61,24779,299],{"class":214},[61,24781,83],{"class":75},[61,24783,308],{"class":214},[61,24785,9521],{"class":218},[61,24787,299],{"class":214},[61,24789,83],{"class":75},[61,24791,308],{"class":214},[61,24793,20111],{"class":218},[61,24795,299],{"class":214},[61,24797,1474],{"class":75},[61,24799,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24801,4129],{"class":75},[61,24803,299],{"class":214},[61,24805,7899],{"class":218},[61,24807,299],{"class":214},[61,24809,83],{"class":75},[61,24811,308],{"class":214},[61,24813,9521],{"class":218},[61,24815,299],{"class":214},[61,24817,83],{"class":75},[61,24819,308],{"class":214},[61,24821,20111],{"class":218},[61,24823,299],{"class":214},[61,24825,98],{"class":75},[14,24827,24828],{},"This shows two things:",[34,24830,24831,24839],{},[37,24832,24833,22195,24836,24838],{},[18,24834,24835],{},"data.keys()",[18,24837,17235],{}," object",[37,24840,24841,24844],{},[18,24842,24843],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24846,9376,24847,26],{},[334,24848,24849],{"href":9612},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[47,24851,5660],{"id":5659},[14,24853,344],{},[52,24855,24857],{"className":54,"code":24856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24858,24859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24860,24861,24863,24865,24867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24862,11670],{"class":67},[61,24864,26],{"class":75},[61,24866,17144],{"class":116},[61,24868,628],{"class":75},[14,24870,22020],{},[34,24872,24873,24876,24879],{},[37,24874,24875],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[37,24877,24878],{},"It takes no parameters",[37,24880,24881],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24883,16876],{},[52,24885,24887],{"className":54,"code":24886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24888,24889,24913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24890,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24892,13087],{"class":67},[61,24894,72],{"class":71},[61,24896,1235],{"class":75},[61,24898,215],{"class":214},[61,24900,7899],{"class":218},[61,24902,215],{"class":214},[61,24904,378],{"class":75},[61,24906,226],{"class":214},[61,24908,13104],{"class":218},[61,24910,215],{"class":214},[61,24912,162],{"class":75},[61,24914,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24916,127],{"class":126},[61,24918,113],{"class":75},[61,24920,13848],{"class":116},[61,24922,26],{"class":75},[61,24924,17144],{"class":116},[61,24926,7424],{"class":75},[14,24928,24929],{},"Incorrect:",[52,24931,24933],{"className":54,"code":24932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24934,24935,24959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,24936,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,24938,13087],{"class":67},[61,24940,72],{"class":71},[61,24942,1235],{"class":75},[61,24944,215],{"class":214},[61,24946,7899],{"class":218},[61,24948,215],{"class":214},[61,24950,378],{"class":75},[61,24952,226],{"class":214},[61,24954,13104],{"class":218},[61,24956,215],{"class":214},[61,24958,162],{"class":75},[61,24960,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24972],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,24962,127],{"class":126},[61,24964,113],{"class":75},[61,24966,13848],{"class":116},[61,24968,26],{"class":75},[61,24970,17144],{"class":24971},"skxfh",[61,24973,120],{"class":75},[14,24975,24976],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[47,24978,17640],{"id":17639},[14,24980,24981,22195,24983,24985],{},[18,24982,17286],{},[18,24984,17235],{}," object.",[14,24987,24988],{},"This object:",[34,24990,24991,24994,24997,25002],{},[37,24992,24993],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[37,24995,24996],{},"can be used in a loop",[37,24998,24999,25000],{},"can be converted with ",[18,25001,1880],{},[37,25003,25004],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25006,197],{},[52,25008,25010],{"className":54,"code":25009,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,25011,25012,25053,25057,25072,25076,25086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25013,25014,25017,25019,25021,25023,25026,25028,25030,25032,25035,25037,25039,25041,25044,25046,25048,25051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25015,25016],{"class":67},"car ",[61,25018,72],{"class":71},[61,25020,1235],{"class":75},[61,25022,215],{"class":214},[61,25024,25025],{"class":218},"brand",[61,25027,215],{"class":214},[61,25029,378],{"class":75},[61,25031,226],{"class":214},[61,25033,25034],{"class":218},"Toyota",[61,25036,215],{"class":214},[61,25038,83],{"class":75},[61,25040,226],{"class":214},[61,25042,25043],{"class":218},"year",[61,25045,215],{"class":214},[61,25047,378],{"class":75},[61,25049,25050],{"class":79}," 2020",[61,25052,162],{"class":75},[61,25054,25055],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25056,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25058,25059,25061,25063,25066,25068,25070],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25060,869],{"class":67},[61,25062,72],{"class":71},[61,25064,25065],{"class":67}," car",[61,25067,26],{"class":75},[61,25069,17144],{"class":116},[61,25071,628],{"class":75},[61,25073,25074],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,25075,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25077,25078,25080,25082,25084],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,25079,127],{"class":126},[61,25081,113],{"class":75},[61,25083,892],{"class":116},[61,25085,120],{"class":75},[61,25087,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,25089,127],{"class":126},[61,25091,113],{"class":75},[61,25093,648],{"class":109},[61,25095,113],{"class":75},[61,25097,892],{"class":116},[61,25099,480],{"class":75},[14,25101,25102],{},[23,25103,139],{},[52,25105,25107],{"className":54,"code":25106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,25108,25109,25131],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25110,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25112,17235],{"class":116},[61,25114,416],{"class":75},[61,25116,299],{"class":214},[61,25118,25025],{"class":218},[61,25120,299],{"class":214},[61,25122,83],{"class":75},[61,25124,308],{"class":214},[61,25126,25043],{"class":218},[61,25128,299],{"class":214},[61,25130,1474],{"class":75},[61,25132,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25134,672],{"class":71},[61,25136,676],{"class":675},[61,25138,308],{"class":214},[61,25140,17235],{"class":218},[61,25142,299],{"class":214},[61,25144,685],{"class":71},[14,25146,25147,25148,25152,25153,26],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[334,25149,10957,25150,10961],{"href":17289},[18,25151,17292],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[334,25154,10957,25155,10961],{"href":17296},[18,25156,17299],{},[47,25158,25160],{"id":25159},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25162,25163],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[52,25165,25167],{"className":54,"code":25166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25168,25169,25222,25226,25242],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25170,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25218,25220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25172,13087],{"class":67},[61,25174,72],{"class":71},[61,25176,1235],{"class":75},[61,25178,215],{"class":214},[61,25180,7899],{"class":218},[61,25182,215],{"class":214},[61,25184,378],{"class":75},[61,25186,226],{"class":214},[61,25188,13104],{"class":218},[61,25190,215],{"class":214},[61,25192,83],{"class":75},[61,25194,226],{"class":214},[61,25196,9521],{"class":218},[61,25198,215],{"class":214},[61,25200,378],{"class":75},[61,25202,452],{"class":79},[61,25204,83],{"class":75},[61,25206,226],{"class":214},[61,25208,15550],{"class":218},[61,25210,215],{"class":214},[61,25212,378],{"class":75},[61,25214,226],{"class":214},[61,25216,25217],{"class":218},"Math",[61,25219,215],{"class":214},[61,25221,162],{"class":75},[61,25223,25224],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25225,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25227,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25229,6186],{"class":1490},[61,25231,18428],{"class":67},[61,25233,1433],{"class":1490},[61,25235,13130],{"class":67},[61,25237,26],{"class":75},[61,25239,17144],{"class":116},[61,25241,21815],{"class":75},[61,25243,25244,25246,25248,25250],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,25245,8299],{"class":126},[61,25247,113],{"class":75},[61,25249,15062],{"class":116},[61,25251,120],{"class":75},[14,25253,25254],{},[23,25255,139],{},[52,25257,25259],{"className":54,"code":25258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25260,25261,25266,25271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25262,25263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25264,25265],{"class":67},"name\n",[61,25267,25268],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25269,25270],{"class":67},"age\n",[61,25272,25273],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25274,25275],{"class":67},"course\n",[14,25277,25278],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[52,25280,25282],{"className":54,"code":25281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25283,25284,25296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25285,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25287,6186],{"class":1490},[61,25289,18428],{"class":67},[61,25291,1433],{"class":1490},[61,25293,13130],{"class":67},[61,25295,6621],{"class":75},[61,25297,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25299,8299],{"class":126},[61,25301,113],{"class":75},[61,25303,15062],{"class":116},[61,25305,120],{"class":75},[14,25307,25308,25309,25312],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25310,25311],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[47,25314,5189,25316],{"id":25315},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25317,17286],{},[14,25319,165,25320,1422],{},[18,25321,17286],{},[34,25323,25324,25327,25330],{},[37,25325,25326],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[37,25328,25329],{},"you want to display available fields",[37,25331,25332],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25334,197],{},[52,25336,25338],{"className":54,"code":25337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25339,25340,25393,25397,25412,25429],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25341,25342,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25362,25364,25366,25368,25371,25373,25375,25378,25380,25382,25385,25387,25389,25391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25343,25344],{"class":67},"product ",[61,25346,72],{"class":71},[61,25348,1235],{"class":75},[61,25350,215],{"class":214},[61,25352,7899],{"class":218},[61,25354,215],{"class":214},[61,25356,378],{"class":75},[61,25358,226],{"class":214},[61,25360,25361],{"class":218},"Book",[61,25363,215],{"class":214},[61,25365,83],{"class":75},[61,25367,226],{"class":214},[61,25369,25370],{"class":218},"price",[61,25372,215],{"class":214},[61,25374,378],{"class":75},[61,25376,25377],{"class":79}," 12.99",[61,25379,83],{"class":75},[61,25381,226],{"class":214},[61,25383,25384],{"class":218},"stock",[61,25386,215],{"class":214},[61,25388,378],{"class":75},[61,25390,950],{"class":79},[61,25392,162],{"class":75},[61,25394,25395],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25396,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25398,25399,25401,25403,25405,25408,25410],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25400,127],{"class":126},[61,25402,113],{"class":75},[61,25404,215],{"class":214},[61,25406,25407],{"class":218},"Available fields:",[61,25409,215],{"class":214},[61,25411,120],{"class":75},[61,25413,25414,25416,25418,25420,25423,25425,25427],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,25415,6186],{"class":1490},[61,25417,18428],{"class":67},[61,25419,1433],{"class":1490},[61,25421,25422],{"class":67}," product",[61,25424,26],{"class":75},[61,25426,17144],{"class":116},[61,25428,21815],{"class":75},[61,25430,25431,25433,25435,25437],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,25432,8299],{"class":126},[61,25434,113],{"class":75},[61,25436,15062],{"class":116},[61,25438,120],{"class":75},[14,25440,25441],{},[23,25442,139],{},[52,25444,25446],{"className":54,"code":25445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25447,25448,25455,25459,25464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25449,25450,25453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25451,25452],{"class":67},"Available fields",[61,25454,6621],{"class":75},[61,25456,25457],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25458,25265],{"class":67},[61,25460,25461],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25462,25463],{"class":67},"price\n",[61,25465,25466],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,25467,25468],{"class":67},"stock\n",[14,25470,25471],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[52,25473,25475],{"className":54,"code":25474,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25476,25477,25513,25517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25478,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25480,25344],{"class":67},[61,25482,72],{"class":71},[61,25484,1235],{"class":75},[61,25486,215],{"class":214},[61,25488,7899],{"class":218},[61,25490,215],{"class":214},[61,25492,378],{"class":75},[61,25494,226],{"class":214},[61,25496,25361],{"class":218},[61,25498,215],{"class":214},[61,25500,83],{"class":75},[61,25502,226],{"class":214},[61,25504,25370],{"class":218},[61,25506,215],{"class":214},[61,25508,378],{"class":75},[61,25510,25377],{"class":79},[61,25512,162],{"class":75},[61,25514,25515],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25516,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25518,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25520,127],{"class":126},[61,25522,113],{"class":75},[61,25524,215],{"class":214},[61,25526,7899],{"class":218},[61,25528,215],{"class":214},[61,25530,1491],{"class":1490},[61,25532,25422],{"class":116},[61,25534,26],{"class":75},[61,25536,17144],{"class":116},[61,25538,7424],{"class":75},[14,25540,25541,25542,26],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25543,3837],{},[14,25545,25546],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[52,25548,25550],{"className":54,"code":25549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25551,25552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25553,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25555,127],{"class":126},[61,25557,113],{"class":75},[61,25559,215],{"class":214},[61,25561,7899],{"class":218},[61,25563,215],{"class":214},[61,25565,1491],{"class":1490},[61,25567,25422],{"class":116},[61,25569,120],{"class":75},[14,25571,25572,25573,26],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[334,25574,21426],{"href":17374},[47,25576,25578],{"id":25577},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25580,25581,25582,26],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25583,17286],{},[819,25585,1864,25587,25589],{"id":25586},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25588,17286],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25591,25592,25594],{},[18,25593,17286],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25596,197],{},[52,25598,25600],{"className":54,"code":25599,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25601,25602,25638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25603,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25605,9390],{"class":67},[61,25607,72],{"class":71},[61,25609,1235],{"class":75},[61,25611,215],{"class":214},[61,25613,7899],{"class":218},[61,25615,215],{"class":214},[61,25617,378],{"class":75},[61,25619,226],{"class":214},[61,25621,13104],{"class":218},[61,25623,215],{"class":214},[61,25625,83],{"class":75},[61,25627,226],{"class":214},[61,25629,9521],{"class":218},[61,25631,215],{"class":214},[61,25633,378],{"class":75},[61,25635,452],{"class":79},[61,25637,162],{"class":75},[61,25639,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25641,127],{"class":126},[61,25643,113],{"class":75},[61,25645,9429],{"class":116},[61,25647,26],{"class":75},[61,25649,17144],{"class":116},[61,25651,7424],{"class":75},[14,25653,25654],{},[23,25655,139],{},[52,25657,25659],{"className":54,"code":25658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25660,25661],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25662,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25664,17235],{"class":116},[61,25666,416],{"class":75},[61,25668,299],{"class":214},[61,25670,7899],{"class":218},[61,25672,299],{"class":214},[61,25674,83],{"class":75},[61,25676,308],{"class":214},[61,25678,9521],{"class":218},[61,25680,299],{"class":214},[61,25682,1474],{"class":75},[14,25684,25685,25686,26],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[334,25687,25688],{"href":17296},[18,25689,17299],{},[819,25691,25693,25694],{"id":25692},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25695,17235],{},[14,25697,25698],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[52,25700,25702],{"className":54,"code":25701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25703,25704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25705,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25707,4129],{"class":75},[61,25709,299],{"class":214},[61,25711,7899],{"class":218},[61,25713,299],{"class":214},[61,25715,83],{"class":75},[61,25717,308],{"class":214},[61,25719,9521],{"class":218},[61,25721,299],{"class":214},[61,25723,98],{"class":75},[14,25725,25726,25727,25729],{},"But ",[18,25728,17286],{}," returns:",[52,25731,25732],{"className":54,"code":25658,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,25733,25734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25735,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25737,17235],{"class":116},[61,25739,416],{"class":75},[61,25741,299],{"class":214},[61,25743,7899],{"class":218},[61,25745,299],{"class":214},[61,25747,83],{"class":75},[61,25749,308],{"class":214},[61,25751,9521],{"class":218},[61,25753,299],{"class":214},[61,25755,1474],{"class":75},[14,25757,25758],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[52,25760,25762],{"className":54,"code":25761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25763,25764,25800,25819,25823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25765,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25767,9390],{"class":67},[61,25769,72],{"class":71},[61,25771,1235],{"class":75},[61,25773,215],{"class":214},[61,25775,7899],{"class":218},[61,25777,215],{"class":214},[61,25779,378],{"class":75},[61,25781,226],{"class":214},[61,25783,13104],{"class":218},[61,25785,215],{"class":214},[61,25787,83],{"class":75},[61,25789,226],{"class":214},[61,25791,9521],{"class":218},[61,25793,215],{"class":214},[61,25795,378],{"class":75},[61,25797,452],{"class":79},[61,25799,162],{"class":75},[61,25801,25802,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813,25815,25817],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25803,25804],{"class":67},"key_list ",[61,25806,72],{"class":71},[61,25808,22780],{"class":109},[61,25810,113],{"class":75},[61,25812,9429],{"class":116},[61,25814,26],{"class":75},[61,25816,17144],{"class":116},[61,25818,7424],{"class":75},[61,25820,25821],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,25822,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,25824,25825,25827,25829,25832],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,25826,127],{"class":126},[61,25828,113],{"class":75},[61,25830,25831],{"class":116},"key_list",[61,25833,120],{"class":75},[819,25835,25837,25838,25840],{"id":25836},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25839,17286],{}," on a list or string",[14,25842,25843,25845],{},[18,25844,17286],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25847,3077],{},[52,25849,25851],{"className":54,"code":25850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25852,25853,25873],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25854,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25856,68],{"class":67},[61,25858,72],{"class":71},[61,25860,76],{"class":75},[61,25862,80],{"class":79},[61,25864,83],{"class":75},[61,25866,86],{"class":79},[61,25868,83],{"class":75},[61,25870,95],{"class":79},[61,25872,98],{"class":75},[61,25874,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25876,127],{"class":126},[61,25878,113],{"class":75},[61,25880,117],{"class":116},[61,25882,26],{"class":75},[61,25884,17144],{"class":116},[61,25886,7424],{"class":75},[14,25888,25889,25890,25893,25894,25896,25897,26],{},"You may get an ",[18,25891,25892],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25895,17286],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[334,25898,25900,25901,25904],{"href":25899},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25902,25903],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[819,25906,25908],{"id":25907},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25910,25911],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[52,25913,25915],{"className":54,"code":25914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25916,25917,25941],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25920,9390],{"class":67},[61,25922,72],{"class":71},[61,25924,1235],{"class":75},[61,25926,215],{"class":214},[61,25928,7899],{"class":218},[61,25930,215],{"class":214},[61,25932,378],{"class":75},[61,25934,226],{"class":214},[61,25936,13104],{"class":218},[61,25938,215],{"class":214},[61,25940,162],{"class":75},[61,25942,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,25944,127],{"class":126},[61,25946,113],{"class":75},[61,25948,9429],{"class":116},[61,25950,26],{"class":75},[61,25952,17144],{"class":24971},[61,25954,120],{"class":75},[14,25956,25957],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25959,18914],{},[52,25961,25963],{"className":54,"code":25962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25964,25965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,25966,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,25968,127],{"class":126},[61,25970,113],{"class":75},[61,25972,9429],{"class":116},[61,25974,26],{"class":75},[61,25976,17144],{"class":116},[61,25978,7424],{"class":75},[47,25980,1741],{"id":1740},[14,25982,25983,25984,378],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25985,17286],{},[34,25987,25988,25993,25999,26005],{},[37,25989,1750,25990,25992],{},[18,25991,17286],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[37,25994,25995,25996,25998],{},"Thinking ",[18,25997,17286],{}," returns values too",[37,26000,26001,26002,26004],{},"Trying to index ",[18,26003,17235],{}," like a normal list",[37,26006,26007,26008,26010],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,26009,17235],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26012,26013],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[52,26015,26017],{"className":54,"code":26016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,26018,26019,26051,26065,26069,26079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26020,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26022,9390],{"class":67},[61,26024,72],{"class":71},[61,26026,1235],{"class":75},[61,26028,215],{"class":214},[61,26030,334],{"class":218},[61,26032,215],{"class":214},[61,26034,378],{"class":75},[61,26036,587],{"class":79},[61,26038,83],{"class":75},[61,26040,226],{"class":214},[61,26042,765],{"class":218},[61,26044,215],{"class":214},[61,26046,378],{"class":75},[61,26048,86],{"class":79},[61,26050,162],{"class":75},[61,26052,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26054,17463],{"class":67},[61,26056,72],{"class":71},[61,26058,14787],{"class":67},[61,26060,26],{"class":75},[61,26062,17144],{"class":116},[61,26064,628],{"class":75},[61,26066,26067],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26068,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26072,127],{"class":126},[61,26074,113],{"class":75},[61,26076,17144],{"class":116},[61,26078,120],{"class":75},[61,26080,26081],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,26082,26083],{"class":3896},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26085,26086],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[52,26088,26090],{"className":54,"code":26089,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,26091,26092,26124,26142,26146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26093,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26095,9390],{"class":67},[61,26097,72],{"class":71},[61,26099,1235],{"class":75},[61,26101,215],{"class":214},[61,26103,334],{"class":218},[61,26105,215],{"class":214},[61,26107,378],{"class":75},[61,26109,587],{"class":79},[61,26111,83],{"class":75},[61,26113,226],{"class":214},[61,26115,765],{"class":218},[61,26117,215],{"class":214},[61,26119,378],{"class":75},[61,26121,86],{"class":79},[61,26123,162],{"class":75},[61,26125,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26127,17463],{"class":67},[61,26129,72],{"class":71},[61,26131,22780],{"class":109},[61,26133,113],{"class":75},[61,26135,9429],{"class":116},[61,26137,26],{"class":75},[61,26139,17144],{"class":116},[61,26141,7424],{"class":75},[61,26143,26144],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26145,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26147,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26149,127],{"class":126},[61,26151,113],{"class":75},[61,26153,17144],{"class":116},[61,26155,4129],{"class":75},[61,26157,582],{"class":79},[61,26159,1474],{"class":75},[47,26161,26163],{"id":26162},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26165,1894],{},[52,26167,26169],{"className":54,"code":26168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26170,26171,26185,26195,26209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26172,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26174,127],{"class":126},[61,26176,113],{"class":75},[61,26178,648],{"class":109},[61,26180,113],{"class":75},[61,26182,11670],{"class":116},[61,26184,480],{"class":75},[61,26186,26187,26189,26191,26193],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26188,127],{"class":126},[61,26190,113],{"class":75},[61,26192,11670],{"class":116},[61,26194,120],{"class":75},[61,26196,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26198,127],{"class":126},[61,26200,113],{"class":75},[61,26202,11670],{"class":116},[61,26204,26],{"class":75},[61,26206,17144],{"class":116},[61,26208,7424],{"class":75},[61,26210,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26212,127],{"class":126},[61,26214,113],{"class":75},[61,26216,383],{"class":109},[61,26218,113],{"class":75},[61,26220,11670],{"class":116},[61,26222,26],{"class":75},[61,26224,17144],{"class":116},[61,26226,6517],{"class":75},[14,26228,26229],{},"These help you confirm:",[34,26231,26232,26235,26238,26243],{},[37,26233,26234],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[37,26236,26237],{},"what data it contains",[37,26239,26240,26241,11927],{},"what ",[18,26242,17286],{},[37,26244,26245],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[47,26247,1987],{"id":1986},[819,26249,24139,26251,5374],{"id":26250},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26252,17286],{},[14,26254,17643,26255,26257],{},[18,26256,17235],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[819,26259,15124,26261,26264],{"id":26260},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26262,26263],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26266,26267,26268,26270,26271,26],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26269,17235],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26272,26273],{},"list(dict.keys())",[819,26275,26277,26278,2735],{"id":26276},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26279,26263],{},[14,26281,26282,26283,26285],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26284,6186],{}," loop.",[819,26287,26289,26290,26292],{"id":26288},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26291,17286],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26294,26295,26296,26298],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26297,17286],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[819,26300,26302],{"id":26301},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26304,165,26305,26],{},[18,26306,26307],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[47,26309,2144],{"id":2143},[34,26311,26312,26317,26323,26329,26335,26339],{},[37,26313,26314],{},[334,26315,26316],{"href":9612},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[37,26318,26319],{},[334,26320,10957,26321,10961],{"href":17289},[18,26322,17292],{},[37,26324,26325],{},[334,26326,10957,26327,10961],{"href":17296},[18,26328,17299],{},[37,26330,26331],{},[334,26332,26334],{"href":26333},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[37,26336,26337],{},[334,26338,17375],{"href":17374},[37,26340,26341],{},[334,26342,26343,26344,25904],{"href":25899},"How to fix ",[18,26345,25903],{},[2169,26347,26348],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":26350},[26351,26352,26354,26355,26356,26357,26358,26360,26369,26370,26371,26382],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":24470,"depth":101,"text":26353},"What keys() does",{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":25159,"depth":101,"text":25160},{"id":25315,"depth":101,"text":26359},"When to use keys()",{"id":25577,"depth":101,"text":25578,"children":26361},[26362,26364,26366,26368],{"id":25586,"depth":123,"text":26363},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25692,"depth":123,"text":26365},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25836,"depth":123,"text":26367},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25907,"depth":123,"text":25908},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":26162,"depth":101,"text":26163},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":26372},[26373,26375,26377,26379,26381],{"id":26250,"depth":123,"text":26374},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26260,"depth":123,"text":26376},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26276,"depth":123,"text":26378},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26288,"depth":123,"text":26380},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26301,"depth":123,"text":26302},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24292,"description":26383},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26389,"title":26390,"body":26391,"description":28664,"extension":2216,"meta":28665,"navigation":271,"path":28666,"seo":28667,"stem":28668,"__hash__":28669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26392,"toc":28617},[26393,26398,26403,26406,26408,26554,26567,26572,26576,26590,26592,26695,26704,26706,26709,26747,26772,26774,26881,26883,26890,26893,26901,26903,27044,27052,27057,27061,27072,27074,27236,27239,27247,27254,27260,27357,27363,27440,27443,27455,27460,27466,27469,27473,27562,27565,27569,27673,27680,27767,27776,27778,27783,27789,27792,27838,27841,27907,27916,27922,28015,28021,28027,28070,28073,28138,28144,28236,28239,28243,28249,28274,28277,28373,28380,28382,28387,28478,28480,28508,28513,28515,28522,28525,28529,28539,28544,28547,28554,28564,28571,28579,28581,28614],[10,26394,11538,26396,11542],{"id":26395},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26397,12986],{},[14,26399,26400,26402],{},[18,26401,12792],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26404,26405],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[47,26407,3842],{"id":3841},[52,26409,26411],{"className":54,"code":26410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26412,26413,26449,26473,26487,26500,26504,26509,26541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26414,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26416,13426],{"class":67},[61,26418,72],{"class":71},[61,26420,1235],{"class":75},[61,26422,215],{"class":214},[61,26424,7899],{"class":218},[61,26426,215],{"class":214},[61,26428,378],{"class":75},[61,26430,226],{"class":214},[61,26432,13104],{"class":218},[61,26434,215],{"class":214},[61,26436,83],{"class":75},[61,26438,226],{"class":214},[61,26440,9521],{"class":218},[61,26442,215],{"class":214},[61,26444,378],{"class":75},[61,26446,9528],{"class":79},[61,26448,162],{"class":75},[61,26450,26451,26454,26456,26458,26460,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26452,26453],{"class":67},"removed_age ",[61,26455,72],{"class":71},[61,26457,13469],{"class":67},[61,26459,26],{"class":75},[61,26461,26462],{"class":116},"pop",[61,26464,113],{"class":75},[61,26466,215],{"class":214},[61,26468,9521],{"class":218},[61,26470,215],{"class":214},[61,26472,120],{"class":75},[61,26474,26475,26477,26479,26482,26484],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26476,127],{"class":126},[61,26478,113],{"class":75},[61,26480,26481],{"class":116},"removed_age",[61,26483,3893],{"class":75},[61,26485,26486],{"class":3896},"   # 25\n",[61,26488,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26490,127],{"class":126},[61,26492,113],{"class":75},[61,26494,17528],{"class":116},[61,26496,3893],{"class":75},[61,26498,26499],{"class":3896},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,26501,26502],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,26503,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26505,26506],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,26507,26508],{"class":3896},"# Safe version with default value\n",[61,26510,26511,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26537,26539],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,26512,26513],{"class":67},"country ",[61,26515,72],{"class":71},[61,26517,13469],{"class":67},[61,26519,26],{"class":75},[61,26521,26462],{"class":116},[61,26523,113],{"class":75},[61,26525,215],{"class":214},[61,26527,15483],{"class":218},[61,26529,215],{"class":214},[61,26531,83],{"class":75},[61,26533,226],{"class":214},[61,26535,26536],{"class":218},"Not found",[61,26538,215],{"class":214},[61,26540,120],{"class":75},[61,26542,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,26544,127],{"class":126},[61,26546,113],{"class":75},[61,26548,15483],{"class":116},[61,26550,3893],{"class":75},[61,26552,26553],{"class":3896},"       # Not found\n",[14,26555,165,26556,26559,26560,26563,26564,26566],{},[18,26557,26558],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26561,26562],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26565,19907],{}," when the key might not exist.",[47,26568,3911,26570,3914],{"id":26569},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26571,12792],{},[14,26573,26574,378],{},[18,26575,12792],{},[34,26577,26578,26581,26584,26587],{},[37,26579,26580],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[37,26582,26583],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[37,26585,26586],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[37,26588,26589],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26591,197],{},[52,26593,26595],{"className":54,"code":26594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26596,26597,26637,26641,26664,26668,26682],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26598,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26600,11709],{"class":67},[61,26602,72],{"class":71},[61,26604,1235],{"class":75},[61,26606,215],{"class":214},[61,26608,7899],{"class":218},[61,26610,215],{"class":214},[61,26612,378],{"class":75},[61,26614,226],{"class":214},[61,26616,13443],{"class":218},[61,26618,215],{"class":214},[61,26620,83],{"class":75},[61,26622,226],{"class":214},[61,26624,10630],{"class":218},[61,26626,215],{"class":214},[61,26628,378],{"class":75},[61,26630,226],{"class":214},[61,26632,10637],{"class":218},[61,26634,215],{"class":214},[61,26636,162],{"class":75},[61,26638,26639],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26640,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26642,26643,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26644,26645],{"class":67},"removed_city ",[61,26647,72],{"class":71},[61,26649,11792],{"class":67},[61,26651,26],{"class":75},[61,26653,26462],{"class":116},[61,26655,113],{"class":75},[61,26657,215],{"class":214},[61,26659,10630],{"class":218},[61,26661,215],{"class":214},[61,26663,120],{"class":75},[61,26665,26666],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26667,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26669,26670,26672,26674,26677,26679],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,26671,127],{"class":126},[61,26673,113],{"class":75},[61,26675,26676],{"class":116},"removed_city",[61,26678,3893],{"class":75},[61,26680,26681],{"class":3896},"  # Paris\n",[61,26683,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,26685,127],{"class":126},[61,26687,113],{"class":75},[61,26689,11803],{"class":116},[61,26691,3893],{"class":75},[61,26693,26694],{"class":3896},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26696,20991,26697,26700,26701,26],{},[18,26698,26699],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26702,26703],{},"\"Paris\"",[47,26705,341],{"id":340},[14,26707,26708],{},"There are two common forms:",[52,26710,26712],{"className":54,"code":26711,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26713,26714,26728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26715,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26717,11670],{"class":67},[61,26719,26],{"class":75},[61,26721,26462],{"class":116},[61,26723,113],{"class":75},[61,26725,15062],{"class":116},[61,26727,120],{"class":75},[61,26729,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26745],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26731,11670],{"class":67},[61,26733,26],{"class":75},[61,26735,26462],{"class":116},[61,26737,113],{"class":75},[61,26739,15062],{"class":116},[61,26741,83],{"class":75},[61,26743,26744],{"class":116}," default",[61,26746,120],{"class":75},[34,26748,26749,26755,26763,26769],{},[37,26750,26751,26754],{},[18,26752,26753],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[37,26756,26757,26759,26760,26762],{},[18,26758,26753],{}," raises ",[18,26761,19907],{}," if the key is missing",[37,26764,26765,26768],{},[18,26766,26767],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[37,26770,26771],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26773,197],{},[52,26775,26777],{"className":54,"code":26776,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26778,26779,26811,26815,26840,26868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26780,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26782,5292],{"class":67},[61,26784,72],{"class":71},[61,26786,1235],{"class":75},[61,26788,215],{"class":214},[61,26790,18636],{"class":218},[61,26792,215],{"class":214},[61,26794,378],{"class":75},[61,26796,20118],{"class":79},[61,26798,83],{"class":75},[61,26800,226],{"class":214},[61,26802,18645],{"class":218},[61,26804,215],{"class":214},[61,26806,378],{"class":75},[61,26808,13729],{"class":79},[61,26810,162],{"class":75},[61,26812,26813],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26814,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26816,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26818,127],{"class":126},[61,26820,113],{"class":75},[61,26822,16609],{"class":116},[61,26824,26],{"class":75},[61,26826,26462],{"class":116},[61,26828,113],{"class":75},[61,26830,215],{"class":214},[61,26832,18636],{"class":218},[61,26834,215],{"class":214},[61,26836,5590],{"class":75},[61,26838,26839],{"class":3896},"         # 90\n",[61,26841,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26843,127],{"class":126},[61,26845,113],{"class":75},[61,26847,16609],{"class":116},[61,26849,26],{"class":75},[61,26851,26462],{"class":116},[61,26853,113],{"class":75},[61,26855,215],{"class":214},[61,26857,18654],{"class":218},[61,26859,215],{"class":214},[61,26861,83],{"class":75},[61,26863,4065],{"class":79},[61,26865,5590],{"class":75},[61,26867,20988],{"class":3896},[61,26869,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,26871,127],{"class":126},[61,26873,113],{"class":75},[61,26875,16609],{"class":116},[61,26877,3893],{"class":75},[61,26879,26880],{"class":3896},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[47,26882,17640],{"id":17639},[14,26884,26885,14274,26887,26889],{},[18,26886,12986],{},[23,26888,704],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26891,26892],{},"Instead, it returns:",[34,26894,26895,26898],{},[37,26896,26897],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[37,26899,26900],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26902,197],{},[52,26904,26906],{"className":54,"code":26905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26907,26908,26940,26944,26967,26999,27003,27017,27031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,26909,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,26911,9390],{"class":67},[61,26913,72],{"class":71},[61,26915,1235],{"class":75},[61,26917,215],{"class":214},[61,26919,334],{"class":218},[61,26921,215],{"class":214},[61,26923,378],{"class":75},[61,26925,457],{"class":79},[61,26927,83],{"class":75},[61,26929,226],{"class":214},[61,26931,765],{"class":218},[61,26933,215],{"class":214},[61,26935,378],{"class":75},[61,26937,452],{"class":79},[61,26939,162],{"class":75},[61,26941,26942],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,26943,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,26945,26946,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,26947,26948],{"class":67},"result1 ",[61,26950,72],{"class":71},[61,26952,14787],{"class":67},[61,26954,26],{"class":75},[61,26956,26462],{"class":116},[61,26958,113],{"class":75},[61,26960,215],{"class":214},[61,26962,334],{"class":218},[61,26964,215],{"class":214},[61,26966,120],{"class":75},[61,26968,26969,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26995,26997],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,26970,26971],{"class":67},"result2 ",[61,26973,72],{"class":71},[61,26975,14787],{"class":67},[61,26977,26],{"class":75},[61,26979,26462],{"class":116},[61,26981,113],{"class":75},[61,26983,215],{"class":214},[61,26985,9961],{"class":218},[61,26987,215],{"class":214},[61,26989,83],{"class":75},[61,26991,226],{"class":214},[61,26993,26994],{"class":218},"missing",[61,26996,215],{"class":214},[61,26998,120],{"class":75},[61,27000,27001],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27002,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27004,27005,27007,27009,27012,27014],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27006,127],{"class":126},[61,27008,113],{"class":75},[61,27010,27011],{"class":116},"result1",[61,27013,3893],{"class":75},[61,27015,27016],{"class":3896},"  # 10\n",[61,27018,27019,27021,27023,27026,27028],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,27020,127],{"class":126},[61,27022,113],{"class":75},[61,27024,27025],{"class":116},"result2",[61,27027,3893],{"class":75},[61,27029,27030],{"class":3896},"  # missing\n",[61,27032,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,27034,127],{"class":126},[61,27036,113],{"class":75},[61,27038,9429],{"class":116},[61,27040,3893],{"class":75},[61,27042,27043],{"class":3896},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27045,27046,27047,6860],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[334,27048,27049],{"href":10956},[18,27050,27051],{},"dict.get()",[47,27053,5189,27055],{"id":27054},"when-to-use-pop",[18,27056,12986],{},[14,27058,165,27059,1422],{},[18,27060,12986],{},[34,27062,27063,27066,27069],{},[37,27064,27065],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[37,27067,27068],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[37,27070,27071],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27073,197],{},[52,27075,27077],{"className":54,"code":27076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,27078,27079,27131,27135,27162,27166,27190,27194,27208,27222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27080,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27115,27117,27119,27122,27124,27126,27129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27082,25344],{"class":67},[61,27084,72],{"class":71},[61,27086,1235],{"class":75},[61,27088,215],{"class":214},[61,27090,7899],{"class":218},[61,27092,215],{"class":214},[61,27094,378],{"class":75},[61,27096,226],{"class":214},[61,27098,27099],{"class":218},"Laptop",[61,27101,215],{"class":214},[61,27103,83],{"class":75},[61,27105,226],{"class":214},[61,27107,25370],{"class":218},[61,27109,215],{"class":214},[61,27111,378],{"class":75},[61,27113,27114],{"class":79}," 1200",[61,27116,83],{"class":75},[61,27118,226],{"class":214},[61,27120,27121],{"class":218},"discount",[61,27123,215],{"class":214},[61,27125,378],{"class":75},[61,27127,27128],{"class":79}," 200",[61,27130,162],{"class":75},[61,27132,27133],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27134,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27136,27137,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27138,27139],{"class":67},"discount_amount ",[61,27141,72],{"class":71},[61,27143,25422],{"class":67},[61,27145,26],{"class":75},[61,27147,26462],{"class":116},[61,27149,113],{"class":75},[61,27151,215],{"class":214},[61,27153,27121],{"class":218},[61,27155,215],{"class":214},[61,27157,83],{"class":75},[61,27159,4065],{"class":79},[61,27161,120],{"class":75},[61,27163,27164],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27165,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27167,27168,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27169,27170],{"class":67},"final_price ",[61,27172,72],{"class":71},[61,27174,25422],{"class":67},[61,27176,4129],{"class":75},[61,27178,215],{"class":214},[61,27180,25370],{"class":218},[61,27182,215],{"class":214},[61,27184,13495],{"class":75},[61,27186,2469],{"class":71},[61,27188,27189],{"class":67}," discount_amount\n",[61,27191,27192],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27193,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27195,27196,27198,27200,27203,27205],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,27197,127],{"class":126},[61,27199,113],{"class":75},[61,27201,27202],{"class":116},"discount_amount",[61,27204,3893],{"class":75},[61,27206,27207],{"class":3896},"  # 200\n",[61,27209,27210,27212,27214,27217,27219],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,27211,127],{"class":126},[61,27213,113],{"class":75},[61,27215,27216],{"class":116},"final_price",[61,27218,3893],{"class":75},[61,27220,27221],{"class":3896},"      # 1000\n",[61,27223,27224,27226,27228,27231,27233],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,27225,127],{"class":126},[61,27227,113],{"class":75},[61,27229,27230],{"class":116},"product",[61,27232,3893],{"class":75},[61,27234,27235],{"class":3896},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27237,27238],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[47,27240,27242,10806,27244],{"id":27241},"pop-vs-del",[18,27243,12986],{},[18,27245,27246],{},"del",[14,27248,10811,27249,4621,27251,27253],{},[18,27250,12986],{},[18,27252,27246],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[819,27255,165,27257,27259],{"id":27256},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27258,12986],{}," when you need the removed value",[52,27261,27263],{"className":54,"code":27262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27264,27265,27301,27305,27327,27331,27344],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27266,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27268,13426],{"class":67},[61,27270,72],{"class":71},[61,27272,1235],{"class":75},[61,27274,215],{"class":214},[61,27276,7899],{"class":218},[61,27278,215],{"class":214},[61,27280,378],{"class":75},[61,27282,226],{"class":214},[61,27284,13104],{"class":218},[61,27286,215],{"class":214},[61,27288,83],{"class":75},[61,27290,226],{"class":214},[61,27292,9521],{"class":218},[61,27294,215],{"class":214},[61,27296,378],{"class":75},[61,27298,9528],{"class":79},[61,27300,162],{"class":75},[61,27302,27303],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27304,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27306,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27308,21848],{"class":67},[61,27310,72],{"class":71},[61,27312,13469],{"class":67},[61,27314,26],{"class":75},[61,27316,26462],{"class":116},[61,27318,113],{"class":75},[61,27320,215],{"class":214},[61,27322,9521],{"class":218},[61,27324,215],{"class":214},[61,27326,120],{"class":75},[61,27328,27329],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27330,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27332,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27334,127],{"class":126},[61,27336,113],{"class":75},[61,27338,9521],{"class":116},[61,27340,3893],{"class":75},[61,27342,27343],{"class":3896},"     # 25\n",[61,27345,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27347,127],{"class":126},[61,27349,113],{"class":75},[61,27351,17528],{"class":116},[61,27353,3893],{"class":75},[61,27355,27356],{"class":3896},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[819,27358,165,27360,27362],{"id":27359},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27361,27246],{}," when you only want deletion",[52,27364,27366],{"className":54,"code":27365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27367,27368,27404,27408,27424,27428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27371,13426],{"class":67},[61,27373,72],{"class":71},[61,27375,1235],{"class":75},[61,27377,215],{"class":214},[61,27379,7899],{"class":218},[61,27381,215],{"class":214},[61,27383,378],{"class":75},[61,27385,226],{"class":214},[61,27387,13104],{"class":218},[61,27389,215],{"class":214},[61,27391,83],{"class":75},[61,27393,226],{"class":214},[61,27395,9521],{"class":218},[61,27397,215],{"class":214},[61,27399,378],{"class":75},[61,27401,9528],{"class":79},[61,27403,162],{"class":75},[61,27405,27406],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27407,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27409,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27411,27246],{"class":1490},[61,27413,13469],{"class":67},[61,27415,4129],{"class":75},[61,27417,215],{"class":214},[61,27419,9521],{"class":218},[61,27421,215],{"class":214},[61,27423,98],{"class":75},[61,27425,27426],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27427,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27429,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27431,127],{"class":126},[61,27433,113],{"class":75},[61,27435,17528],{"class":116},[61,27437,3893],{"class":75},[61,27439,27356],{"class":3896},[14,27441,27442],{},"Difference:",[34,27444,27445,27450],{},[37,27446,27447,27449],{},[18,27448,12986],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[37,27451,27452,27454],{},[18,27453,27246],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27456,27457,27458,26],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[334,27459,12797],{"href":12796},[47,27461,27463,27464],{"id":27462},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27465,19907],{},[14,27467,27468],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[819,27470,27472],{"id":27471},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[52,27474,27476],{"className":54,"code":27475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27477,27478,27503,27507,27533,27537,27549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27479,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27499,27501],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27481,11946],{"class":67},[61,27483,72],{"class":71},[61,27485,1235],{"class":75},[61,27487,215],{"class":214},[61,27489,7899],{"class":218},[61,27491,215],{"class":214},[61,27493,378],{"class":75},[61,27495,226],{"class":214},[61,27497,27498],{"class":218},"Sara",[61,27500,215],{"class":214},[61,27502,162],{"class":75},[61,27504,27505],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27506,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27508,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27510,1766],{"class":67},[61,27512,72],{"class":71},[61,27514,11988],{"class":67},[61,27516,26],{"class":75},[61,27518,26462],{"class":116},[61,27520,113],{"class":75},[61,27522,215],{"class":214},[61,27524,9521],{"class":218},[61,27526,215],{"class":214},[61,27528,83],{"class":75},[61,27530,4083],{"class":1523},[61,27532,120],{"class":75},[61,27534,27535],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27536,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27538,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27540,127],{"class":126},[61,27542,113],{"class":75},[61,27544,1783],{"class":116},[61,27546,3893],{"class":75},[61,27548,20781],{"class":3896},[61,27550,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27552,127],{"class":126},[61,27554,113],{"class":75},[61,27556,11670],{"class":116},[61,27558,3893],{"class":75},[61,27560,27561],{"class":3896}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27563,27564],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[819,27566,27568],{"id":27567},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[52,27570,27572],{"className":54,"code":27571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27573,27574,27598,27602,27618,27641,27651,27658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27575,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27577,11946],{"class":67},[61,27579,72],{"class":71},[61,27581,1235],{"class":75},[61,27583,215],{"class":214},[61,27585,7899],{"class":218},[61,27587,215],{"class":214},[61,27589,378],{"class":75},[61,27591,226],{"class":214},[61,27593,27498],{"class":218},[61,27595,215],{"class":214},[61,27597,162],{"class":75},[61,27599,27600],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27601,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27603,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27605,7227],{"class":1490},[61,27607,226],{"class":214},[61,27609,9521],{"class":218},[61,27611,215],{"class":214},[61,27613,1491],{"class":71},[61,27615,11988],{"class":67},[61,27617,6621],{"class":75},[61,27619,27620,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27621,27622],{"class":67},"    value ",[61,27624,72],{"class":71},[61,27626,11988],{"class":67},[61,27628,26],{"class":75},[61,27630,26462],{"class":116},[61,27632,113],{"class":75},[61,27634,215],{"class":214},[61,27636,9521],{"class":218},[61,27638,215],{"class":214},[61,27640,120],{"class":75},[61,27642,27643,27645,27647,27649],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27644,8299],{"class":126},[61,27646,113],{"class":75},[61,27648,1783],{"class":116},[61,27650,120],{"class":75},[61,27652,27653,27656],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27654,27655],{"class":1490},"else",[61,27657,6621],{"class":75},[61,27659,27660,27662,27664,27666,27669,27671],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,27661,8299],{"class":126},[61,27663,113],{"class":75},[61,27665,215],{"class":214},[61,27667,27668],{"class":218},"Key not found",[61,27670,215],{"class":214},[61,27672,120],{"class":75},[819,27674,27676,27677,27679],{"id":27675},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27678,10960],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[52,27681,27683],{"className":54,"code":27682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27684,27685,27709,27713,27739,27743,27755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27686,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27688,11946],{"class":67},[61,27690,72],{"class":71},[61,27692,1235],{"class":75},[61,27694,215],{"class":214},[61,27696,7899],{"class":218},[61,27698,215],{"class":214},[61,27700,378],{"class":75},[61,27702,226],{"class":214},[61,27704,27498],{"class":218},[61,27706,215],{"class":214},[61,27708,162],{"class":75},[61,27710,27711],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27712,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27714,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27716,1766],{"class":67},[61,27718,72],{"class":71},[61,27720,11988],{"class":67},[61,27722,26],{"class":75},[61,27724,19970],{"class":116},[61,27726,113],{"class":75},[61,27728,215],{"class":214},[61,27730,9521],{"class":218},[61,27732,215],{"class":214},[61,27734,83],{"class":75},[61,27736,4083],{"class":1523},[61,27738,120],{"class":75},[61,27740,27741],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27742,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27744,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27746,127],{"class":126},[61,27748,113],{"class":75},[61,27750,1783],{"class":116},[61,27752,3893],{"class":75},[61,27754,20781],{"class":3896},[61,27756,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,27758,127],{"class":126},[61,27760,113],{"class":75},[61,27762,11670],{"class":116},[61,27764,3893],{"class":75},[61,27766,27561],{"class":3896},[14,27768,165,27769,27773,27774,26],{},[334,27770,27771],{"href":10956},[18,27772,27051],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[334,27775,11482],{"href":11295},[47,27777,4747],{"id":4746},[14,27779,27780,27781,26],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27782,12792],{},[819,27784,25995,27786,27788],{"id":27785},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27787,12986],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27790,27791],{},"Lists use indexes:",[52,27793,27795],{"className":54,"code":27794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27796,27797,27817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27798,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27800,68],{"class":67},[61,27802,72],{"class":71},[61,27804,76],{"class":75},[61,27806,447],{"class":79},[61,27808,83],{"class":75},[61,27810,452],{"class":79},[61,27812,83],{"class":75},[61,27814,8025],{"class":79},[61,27816,98],{"class":75},[61,27818,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27820,127],{"class":126},[61,27822,113],{"class":75},[61,27824,117],{"class":116},[61,27826,26],{"class":75},[61,27828,26462],{"class":116},[61,27830,113],{"class":75},[61,27832,80],{"class":79},[61,27834,5590],{"class":75},[61,27836,27837],{"class":3896},"  # 20\n",[14,27839,27840],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[52,27842,27844],{"className":54,"code":27843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27845,27846,27882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27847,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27849,13426],{"class":67},[61,27851,72],{"class":71},[61,27853,1235],{"class":75},[61,27855,215],{"class":214},[61,27857,7899],{"class":218},[61,27859,215],{"class":214},[61,27861,378],{"class":75},[61,27863,226],{"class":214},[61,27865,13104],{"class":218},[61,27867,215],{"class":214},[61,27869,83],{"class":75},[61,27871,226],{"class":214},[61,27873,9521],{"class":218},[61,27875,215],{"class":214},[61,27877,378],{"class":75},[61,27879,9528],{"class":79},[61,27881,162],{"class":75},[61,27883,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27885,127],{"class":126},[61,27887,113],{"class":75},[61,27889,17528],{"class":116},[61,27891,26],{"class":75},[61,27893,26462],{"class":116},[61,27895,113],{"class":75},[61,27897,215],{"class":214},[61,27899,9521],{"class":218},[61,27901,215],{"class":214},[61,27903,5590],{"class":75},[61,27905,27906],{"class":3896},"  # 25\n",[14,27908,27909,27910,27912,27913,27915],{},"A dictionary does ",[23,27911,704],{}," use positions with ",[18,27914,12986],{},". It uses keys.",[819,27917,4932,27919,27921],{"id":27918},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27920,12986],{}," changes the original dictionary",[52,27923,27925],{"className":54,"code":27924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27926,27927,27959,27963,27985,27989,28002],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,27928,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,27930,9390],{"class":67},[61,27932,72],{"class":71},[61,27934,1235],{"class":75},[61,27936,215],{"class":214},[61,27938,2422],{"class":218},[61,27940,215],{"class":214},[61,27942,378],{"class":75},[61,27944,587],{"class":79},[61,27946,83],{"class":75},[61,27948,226],{"class":214},[61,27950,11967],{"class":218},[61,27952,215],{"class":214},[61,27954,378],{"class":75},[61,27956,86],{"class":79},[61,27958,162],{"class":75},[61,27960,27961],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,27962,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27964,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,27966,1766],{"class":67},[61,27968,72],{"class":71},[61,27970,14787],{"class":67},[61,27972,26],{"class":75},[61,27974,26462],{"class":116},[61,27976,113],{"class":75},[61,27978,215],{"class":214},[61,27980,2422],{"class":218},[61,27982,215],{"class":214},[61,27984,120],{"class":75},[61,27986,27987],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,27988,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,27990,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,27992,127],{"class":126},[61,27994,113],{"class":75},[61,27996,1783],{"class":116},[61,27998,3893],{"class":75},[61,28000,28001],{"class":3896},"  # 1\n",[61,28003,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,28005,127],{"class":126},[61,28007,113],{"class":75},[61,28009,9429],{"class":116},[61,28011,3893],{"class":75},[61,28013,28014],{"class":3896},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28016,28017,28018,28020],{},"After ",[18,28019,12986],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[819,28022,1750,28024,28026],{"id":28023},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,28025,12986],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[52,28028,28030],{"className":54,"code":28029,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,28031,28032,28056,28060,28065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28035,9390],{"class":67},[61,28037,72],{"class":71},[61,28039,1235],{"class":75},[61,28041,215],{"class":214},[61,28043,7899],{"class":218},[61,28045,215],{"class":214},[61,28047,378],{"class":75},[61,28049,226],{"class":214},[61,28051,8151],{"class":218},[61,28053,215],{"class":214},[61,28055,162],{"class":75},[61,28057,28058],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28059,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28061,28062],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28063,28064],{"class":3896},"# This causes an error\n",[61,28066,28067],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,28068,28069],{"class":3896},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28071,28072],{},"Safer version:",[52,28074,28076],{"className":54,"code":28075,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,28077,28078,28102,28106],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28079,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28081,9390],{"class":67},[61,28083,72],{"class":71},[61,28085,1235],{"class":75},[61,28087,215],{"class":214},[61,28089,7899],{"class":218},[61,28091,215],{"class":214},[61,28093,378],{"class":75},[61,28095,226],{"class":214},[61,28097,8151],{"class":218},[61,28099,215],{"class":214},[61,28101,162],{"class":75},[61,28103,28104],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28105,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28107,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28109,127],{"class":126},[61,28111,113],{"class":75},[61,28113,9429],{"class":116},[61,28115,26],{"class":75},[61,28117,26462],{"class":116},[61,28119,113],{"class":75},[61,28121,215],{"class":214},[61,28123,9521],{"class":218},[61,28125,215],{"class":214},[61,28127,83],{"class":75},[61,28129,226],{"class":214},[61,28131,26994],{"class":218},[61,28133,215],{"class":214},[61,28135,5590],{"class":75},[61,28137,27030],{"class":3896},[819,28139,1864,28141,28143],{"id":28140},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,28142,12986],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[52,28145,28147],{"className":54,"code":28146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,28148,28149,28181,28185,28207,28211,28223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28150,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28152,9390],{"class":67},[61,28154,72],{"class":71},[61,28156,1235],{"class":75},[61,28158,215],{"class":214},[61,28160,334],{"class":218},[61,28162,215],{"class":214},[61,28164,378],{"class":75},[61,28166,587],{"class":79},[61,28168,83],{"class":75},[61,28170,226],{"class":214},[61,28172,765],{"class":218},[61,28174,215],{"class":214},[61,28176,378],{"class":75},[61,28178,86],{"class":79},[61,28180,162],{"class":75},[61,28182,28183],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28184,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28186,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28188,869],{"class":67},[61,28190,72],{"class":71},[61,28192,14787],{"class":67},[61,28194,26],{"class":75},[61,28196,26462],{"class":116},[61,28198,113],{"class":75},[61,28200,215],{"class":214},[61,28202,334],{"class":218},[61,28204,215],{"class":214},[61,28206,120],{"class":75},[61,28208,28209],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,28210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28212,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,28214,127],{"class":126},[61,28216,113],{"class":75},[61,28218,892],{"class":116},[61,28220,3893],{"class":75},[61,28222,28001],{"class":3896},[61,28224,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,28226,127],{"class":126},[61,28228,113],{"class":75},[61,28230,9429],{"class":116},[61,28232,3893],{"class":75},[61,28234,28235],{"class":3896},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28237,28238],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[47,28240,28242],{"id":28241},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28244,28245,28246,28248],{},"Problems with ",[18,28247,12792],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[34,28250,28251,28254,28263,28266],{},[37,28252,28253],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[37,28255,28256,28257,28260,28261],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28258,28259],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28262,26558],{},[37,28264,28265],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[37,28267,28268,28269,11313,28271],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28270,80],{},[18,28272,28273],{},"\"1\"",[14,28275,28276],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[52,28278,28280],{"className":54,"code":28279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28281,28282,28306,28310,28340],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28283,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28285,9390],{"class":67},[61,28287,72],{"class":71},[61,28289,1235],{"class":75},[61,28291,215],{"class":214},[61,28293,80],{"class":218},[61,28295,215],{"class":214},[61,28297,378],{"class":75},[61,28299,226],{"class":214},[61,28301,6814],{"class":218},[61,28303,215],{"class":214},[61,28305,162],{"class":75},[61,28307,28308],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28309,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28311,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28333,28335,28337],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28313,127],{"class":126},[61,28315,113],{"class":75},[61,28317,9429],{"class":116},[61,28319,26],{"class":75},[61,28321,26462],{"class":116},[61,28323,113],{"class":75},[61,28325,80],{"class":79},[61,28327,83],{"class":75},[61,28329,226],{"class":214},[61,28331,28332],{"class":218},"not found",[61,28334,215],{"class":214},[61,28336,5590],{"class":75},[61,28338,28339],{"class":3896},"    # not found\n",[61,28341,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,28343,127],{"class":126},[61,28345,113],{"class":75},[61,28347,9429],{"class":116},[61,28349,26],{"class":75},[61,28351,26462],{"class":116},[61,28353,113],{"class":75},[61,28355,215],{"class":214},[61,28357,80],{"class":218},[61,28359,215],{"class":214},[61,28361,83],{"class":75},[61,28363,226],{"class":214},[61,28365,28332],{"class":218},[61,28367,215],{"class":214},[61,28369,5590],{"class":75},[61,28371,28372],{"class":3896},"  # one\n",[14,28374,28375,4621,28377,28379],{},[18,28376,80],{},[18,28378,28273],{}," are different keys.",[47,28381,9098],{"id":9097},[14,28383,9101,28384,28386],{},[18,28385,12986],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,28388,28390],{"className":54,"code":28389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28391,28392,28402,28416,28434,28464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28393,28394,28396,28398,28400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28395,127],{"class":126},[61,28397,113],{"class":75},[61,28399,11670],{"class":116},[61,28401,120],{"class":75},[61,28403,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28405,127],{"class":126},[61,28407,113],{"class":75},[61,28409,11670],{"class":116},[61,28411,26],{"class":75},[61,28413,17144],{"class":116},[61,28415,7424],{"class":75},[61,28417,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28419,127],{"class":126},[61,28421,113],{"class":75},[61,28423,299],{"class":214},[61,28425,7899],{"class":218},[61,28427,299],{"class":214},[61,28429,1491],{"class":1490},[61,28431,11988],{"class":116},[61,28433,120],{"class":75},[61,28435,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,28437,127],{"class":126},[61,28439,113],{"class":75},[61,28441,11670],{"class":116},[61,28443,26],{"class":75},[61,28445,26462],{"class":116},[61,28447,113],{"class":75},[61,28449,299],{"class":214},[61,28451,7899],{"class":218},[61,28453,299],{"class":214},[61,28455,83],{"class":75},[61,28457,308],{"class":214},[61,28459,26994],{"class":218},[61,28461,299],{"class":214},[61,28463,480],{"class":75},[61,28465,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,28467,127],{"class":126},[61,28469,113],{"class":75},[61,28471,648],{"class":109},[61,28473,113],{"class":75},[61,28475,11670],{"class":116},[61,28477,480],{"class":75},[14,28479,21556],{},[34,28481,28482,28487,28492,28497,28503],{},[37,28483,28484,28486],{},[18,28485,12902],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[37,28488,28489,28491],{},[18,28490,21568],{}," shows all available keys",[37,28493,28494,28496],{},[18,28495,21574],{}," checks whether a key exists",[37,28498,28499,28502],{},[18,28500,28501],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[37,28504,28505,28507],{},[18,28506,12908],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28509,28510,28511,26],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[334,28512,9613],{"href":9612},[47,28514,1987],{"id":1986},[819,28516,28518,28519,28521],{"id":28517},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28520,12986],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28523,28524],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[819,28526,28528],{"id":28527},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28530,28531,26759,28533,28535,28536,28538],{},[18,28532,26558],{},[18,28534,19907],{},". ",[18,28537,26562],{}," returns the default value instead.",[819,28540,12927,28542,15117],{"id":28541},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28543,12986],{},[14,28545,28546],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[819,28548,28550,28551,28553],{"id":28549},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28552,12986],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28555,28556,28557,28559,28560,26],{},"Not with ",[18,28558,12792],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[334,28561,28562],{"href":12803},[18,28563,12993],{},[819,28565,5408,28567,4621,28569,2735],{"id":28566},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28568,10960],{},[18,28570,12986],{},[14,28572,28573,28575,28576,28578],{},[18,28574,10960],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28577,12986],{}," reads and removes it.",[47,28580,2144],{"id":2143},[34,28582,28583,28589,28596,28600,28604,28608],{},[37,28584,28585],{},[334,28586,28587],{"href":10956},[18,28588,19888],{},[37,28590,28591],{},[334,28592,28593],{"href":12803},[18,28594,28595],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[37,28597,28598],{},[334,28599,13010],{"href":12796},[37,28601,28602],{},[334,28603,21677],{"href":16817},[37,28605,28606],{},[334,28607,11482],{"href":11295},[37,28609,28610],{},[334,28611,28613],{"href":28612},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2169,28615,28616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":28618},[28619,28620,28622,28623,28624,28626,28633,28640,28650,28651,28652,28663],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":26569,"depth":101,"text":28621},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":27054,"depth":101,"text":28625},"When to use pop()",{"id":27241,"depth":101,"text":28627,"children":28628},"pop() vs del",[28629,28631],{"id":27256,"depth":123,"text":28630},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27359,"depth":123,"text":28632},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27462,"depth":101,"text":28634,"children":28635},"How to avoid KeyError",[28636,28637,28638],{"id":27471,"depth":123,"text":27472},{"id":27567,"depth":123,"text":27568},{"id":27675,"depth":123,"text":28639},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":28641},[28642,28644,28646,28648],{"id":27785,"depth":123,"text":28643},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27918,"depth":123,"text":28645},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28023,"depth":123,"text":28647},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28140,"depth":123,"text":28649},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28241,"depth":101,"text":28242},{"id":9097,"depth":101,"text":9098},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":28653},[28654,28656,28657,28659,28661],{"id":28517,"depth":123,"text":28655},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28527,"depth":123,"text":28528},{"id":28541,"depth":123,"text":28658},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28549,"depth":123,"text":28660},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28566,"depth":123,"text":28662},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26390,"description":28664},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28671,"title":28595,"body":28672,"description":30610,"extension":2216,"meta":30611,"navigation":271,"path":30612,"seo":30613,"stem":30614,"__hash__":30615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28673,"toc":30574},[28674,28679,28684,28687,28695,28705,28707,28796,28800,28849,28854,28859,28863,28879,28882,28884,28899,28901,28916,28923,28927,28933,28942,28944,29013,29017,29038,29041,29060,29063,29086,29088,29091,29206,29210,29269,29276,29280,29286,29411,29415,29465,29468,29472,29479,29481,29544,29548,29569,29572,29581,29596,29604,29611,29615,29627,29631,29642,29644,29790,29794,29853,29860,29865,29869,29875,29898,29903,29922,29926,29997,30004,30077,30086,30091,30096,30107,30110,30247,30251,30283,30288,30290,30294,30354,30357,30414,30417,30460,30462,30467,30473,30479,30482,30489,30497,30502,30505,30512,30520,30522,30571],[10,28675,11538,28677,11542],{"id":28676},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28678,12993],{},[14,28680,2233,28681,28683],{},[18,28682,12993],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28685,28686],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[34,28688,28689,28692],{},[37,28690,28691],{},"remove an item",[37,28693,28694],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28696,28697,28698,28700,28701,28704],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28699,12993],{}," removes the ",[23,28702,28703],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[47,28706,50],{"id":49},[52,28708,28710],{"className":54,"code":28709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28711,28712,28756,28772,28776,28786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28713,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28715,9390],{"class":67},[61,28717,72],{"class":71},[61,28719,1235],{"class":75},[61,28721,215],{"class":214},[61,28723,334],{"class":218},[61,28725,215],{"class":214},[61,28727,378],{"class":75},[61,28729,587],{"class":79},[61,28731,83],{"class":75},[61,28733,226],{"class":214},[61,28735,765],{"class":218},[61,28737,215],{"class":214},[61,28739,378],{"class":75},[61,28741,86],{"class":79},[61,28743,83],{"class":75},[61,28745,226],{"class":214},[61,28747,9961],{"class":218},[61,28749,215],{"class":214},[61,28751,378],{"class":75},[61,28753,95],{"class":79},[61,28755,162],{"class":75},[61,28757,28758,28761,28763,28765,28767,28770],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28759,28760],{"class":67},"item ",[61,28762,72],{"class":71},[61,28764,14787],{"class":67},[61,28766,26],{"class":75},[61,28768,28769],{"class":116},"popitem",[61,28771,628],{"class":75},[61,28773,28774],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,28775,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,28777,28778,28780,28782,28784],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,28779,127],{"class":126},[61,28781,113],{"class":75},[61,28783,23531],{"class":116},[61,28785,120],{"class":75},[61,28787,28788,28790,28792,28794],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,28789,127],{"class":126},[61,28791,113],{"class":75},[61,28793,9429],{"class":116},[61,28795,120],{"class":75},[14,28797,28798],{},[23,28799,139],{},[52,28801,28803],{"className":54,"code":28802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28804,28805,28821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28806,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28808,113],{"class":75},[61,28810,299],{"class":214},[61,28812,9961],{"class":218},[61,28814,299],{"class":214},[61,28816,83],{"class":75},[61,28818,95],{"class":79},[61,28820,120],{"class":75},[61,28822,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28824,149],{"class":75},[61,28826,299],{"class":214},[61,28828,334],{"class":218},[61,28830,299],{"class":214},[61,28832,378],{"class":75},[61,28834,587],{"class":79},[61,28836,83],{"class":75},[61,28838,308],{"class":214},[61,28840,765],{"class":218},[61,28842,299],{"class":214},[61,28844,378],{"class":75},[61,28846,86],{"class":79},[61,28848,162],{"class":75},[14,28850,28851,28853],{},[18,28852,12993],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[47,28855,3911,28857,3914],{"id":28856},"what-popitem-does",[18,28858,12993],{},[14,28860,28861,378],{},[18,28862,12993],{},[34,28864,28865,28868,28873,28876],{},[37,28866,28867],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[37,28869,28870,28871],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28872,21875],{},[37,28874,28875],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[37,28877,28878],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28880,28881],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[47,28883,341],{"id":340},[52,28885,28887],{"className":54,"code":28886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28888,28889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28890,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28892,15826],{"class":67},[61,28894,26],{"class":75},[61,28896,28769],{"class":116},[61,28898,628],{"class":75},[14,28900,11679],{},[34,28902,28903,28910,28913],{},[37,28904,28905,2102,28907],{},[18,28906,12993],{},[23,28908,28909],{},"no arguments",[37,28911,28912],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[37,28914,28915],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28917,28918,28919,6860],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[334,28920,28921],{"href":12789},[18,28922,12986],{},[47,28924,28926],{"id":28925},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28928,28929,28930,28932],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28931,12993],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28934,28935,28936,28939],"ol",{},[37,28937,28938],{},"the key",[37,28940,28941],{},"the value",[14,28943,197],{},[52,28945,28947],{"className":54,"code":28946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28948,28949,28985,28999,29003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,28950,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,28952,13426],{"class":67},[61,28954,72],{"class":71},[61,28956,1235],{"class":75},[61,28958,215],{"class":214},[61,28960,7899],{"class":218},[61,28962,215],{"class":214},[61,28964,378],{"class":75},[61,28966,226],{"class":214},[61,28968,5232],{"class":218},[61,28970,215],{"class":214},[61,28972,83],{"class":75},[61,28974,226],{"class":214},[61,28976,9521],{"class":218},[61,28978,215],{"class":214},[61,28980,378],{"class":75},[61,28982,9528],{"class":79},[61,28984,162],{"class":75},[61,28986,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,28988,869],{"class":67},[61,28990,72],{"class":71},[61,28992,13469],{"class":67},[61,28994,26],{"class":75},[61,28996,28769],{"class":116},[61,28998,628],{"class":75},[61,29000,29001],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29002,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29004,29005,29007,29009,29011],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,29006,127],{"class":126},[61,29008,113],{"class":75},[61,29010,892],{"class":116},[61,29012,120],{"class":75},[14,29014,29015],{},[23,29016,139],{},[52,29018,29020],{"className":54,"code":29019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('age', 25)\n",[18,29021,29022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29023,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29025,113],{"class":75},[61,29027,299],{"class":214},[61,29029,9521],{"class":218},[61,29031,299],{"class":214},[61,29033,83],{"class":75},[61,29035,9528],{"class":79},[61,29037,120],{"class":75},[14,29039,29040],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[52,29042,29044],{"className":54,"code":29043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,29045,29046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29047,29048,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29049,869],{"class":67},[61,29051,72],{"class":71},[61,29053,13469],{"class":67},[61,29055,26],{"class":75},[61,29057,28769],{"class":116},[61,29059,628],{"class":75},[14,29061,29062],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[52,29064,29066],{"className":54,"code":29065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,29067,29068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29069,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29071,15062],{"class":67},[61,29073,83],{"class":75},[61,29075,21804],{"class":67},[61,29077,72],{"class":71},[61,29079,13469],{"class":67},[61,29081,26],{"class":75},[61,29083,28769],{"class":116},[61,29085,628],{"class":75},[47,29087,11696],{"id":11695},[14,29089,29090],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[52,29092,29094],{"className":54,"code":29093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,29095,29096,29144,29148,29163,29167,29187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29097,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29128,29130,29132,29135,29137,29139,29142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29099,5292],{"class":67},[61,29101,72],{"class":71},[61,29103,1235],{"class":75},[61,29105,215],{"class":214},[61,29107,29108],{"class":218},"Tom",[61,29110,215],{"class":214},[61,29112,378],{"class":75},[61,29114,5304],{"class":79},[61,29116,83],{"class":75},[61,29118,226],{"class":214},[61,29120,13104],{"class":218},[61,29122,215],{"class":214},[61,29124,378],{"class":75},[61,29126,29127],{"class":79}," 95",[61,29129,83],{"class":75},[61,29131,226],{"class":214},[61,29133,29134],{"class":218},"Leo",[61,29136,215],{"class":214},[61,29138,378],{"class":75},[61,29140,29141],{"class":79}," 88",[61,29143,162],{"class":75},[61,29145,29146],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29147,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29149,29150,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29151,29152],{"class":67},"removed_pair ",[61,29154,72],{"class":71},[61,29156,5339],{"class":67},[61,29158,26],{"class":75},[61,29160,28769],{"class":116},[61,29162,628],{"class":75},[61,29164,29165],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,29166,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29168,29169,29171,29173,29175,29178,29180,29182,29185],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,29170,127],{"class":126},[61,29172,113],{"class":75},[61,29174,215],{"class":214},[61,29176,29177],{"class":218},"Removed:",[61,29179,215],{"class":214},[61,29181,83],{"class":75},[61,29183,29184],{"class":116}," removed_pair",[61,29186,120],{"class":75},[61,29188,29189,29191,29193,29195,29198,29200,29202,29204],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,29190,127],{"class":126},[61,29192,113],{"class":75},[61,29194,215],{"class":214},[61,29196,29197],{"class":218},"After removal:",[61,29199,215],{"class":214},[61,29201,83],{"class":75},[61,29203,5339],{"class":116},[61,29205,120],{"class":75},[14,29207,29208],{},[23,29209,139],{},[52,29211,29213],{"className":54,"code":29212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29214,29215,29236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29216,29217,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29218,29219],{"class":67},"Removed",[61,29221,378],{"class":75},[61,29223,942],{"class":75},[61,29225,299],{"class":214},[61,29227,29134],{"class":218},[61,29229,299],{"class":214},[61,29231,83],{"class":75},[61,29233,29141],{"class":79},[61,29235,120],{"class":75},[61,29237,29238,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29239,29240],{"class":67},"After removal",[61,29242,378],{"class":75},[61,29244,1235],{"class":75},[61,29246,299],{"class":214},[61,29248,29108],{"class":218},[61,29250,299],{"class":214},[61,29252,378],{"class":75},[61,29254,5304],{"class":79},[61,29256,83],{"class":75},[61,29258,308],{"class":214},[61,29260,13104],{"class":218},[61,29262,299],{"class":214},[61,29264,378],{"class":75},[61,29266,29127],{"class":79},[61,29268,162],{"class":75},[14,29270,29271,29272,29275],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29273,29274],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[47,29277,29279],{"id":29278},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29281,29282,29283,29285],{},"Because ",[18,29284,12993],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[52,29287,29289],{"className":54,"code":29288,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29290,29291,29327,29331,29350,29354,29373,29392],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29292,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29294,15669],{"class":67},[61,29296,72],{"class":71},[61,29298,1235],{"class":75},[61,29300,215],{"class":214},[61,29302,15680],{"class":218},[61,29304,215],{"class":214},[61,29306,378],{"class":75},[61,29308,226],{"class":214},[61,29310,15689],{"class":218},[61,29312,215],{"class":214},[61,29314,83],{"class":75},[61,29316,226],{"class":214},[61,29318,15700],{"class":218},[61,29320,215],{"class":214},[61,29322,378],{"class":75},[61,29324,27128],{"class":79},[61,29326,162],{"class":75},[61,29328,29329],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29330,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29332,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29344,29346,29348],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29334,15062],{"class":67},[61,29336,83],{"class":75},[61,29338,21804],{"class":67},[61,29340,72],{"class":71},[61,29342,29343],{"class":67}," book",[61,29345,26],{"class":75},[61,29347,28769],{"class":116},[61,29349,628],{"class":75},[61,29351,29352],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,29353,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29355,29356,29358,29360,29362,29365,29367,29369,29371],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,29357,127],{"class":126},[61,29359,113],{"class":75},[61,29361,215],{"class":214},[61,29363,29364],{"class":218},"Key:",[61,29366,215],{"class":214},[61,29368,83],{"class":75},[61,29370,21799],{"class":116},[61,29372,120],{"class":75},[61,29374,29375,29377,29379,29381,29384,29386,29388,29390],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,29376,127],{"class":126},[61,29378,113],{"class":75},[61,29380,215],{"class":214},[61,29382,29383],{"class":218},"Value:",[61,29385,215],{"class":214},[61,29387,83],{"class":75},[61,29389,8663],{"class":116},[61,29391,120],{"class":75},[61,29393,29394,29396,29398,29400,29403,29405,29407,29409],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,29395,127],{"class":126},[61,29397,113],{"class":75},[61,29399,215],{"class":214},[61,29401,29402],{"class":218},"Dictionary:",[61,29404,215],{"class":214},[61,29406,83],{"class":75},[61,29408,29343],{"class":116},[61,29410,120],{"class":75},[14,29412,29413],{},[23,29414,139],{},[52,29416,29418],{"className":54,"code":29417,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29419,29420,29430,29440],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29421,29422,29425,29427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29423,29424],{"class":67},"Key",[61,29426,378],{"class":75},[61,29428,29429],{"class":67}," pages\n",[61,29431,29432,29435,29437],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29433,29434],{"class":67},"Value",[61,29436,378],{"class":75},[61,29438,29439],{"class":79}," 200\n",[61,29441,29442,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29443,29444],{"class":67},"Dictionary",[61,29446,378],{"class":75},[61,29448,1235],{"class":75},[61,29450,299],{"class":214},[61,29452,15680],{"class":218},[61,29454,299],{"class":214},[61,29456,378],{"class":75},[61,29458,308],{"class":214},[61,29460,15689],{"class":218},[61,29462,299],{"class":214},[61,29464,162],{"class":75},[14,29466,29467],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[47,29469,29471],{"id":29470},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29473,29474,29475,28700,29477,26],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29476,12993],{},[23,29478,28703],{},[14,29480,197],{},[52,29482,29484],{"className":54,"code":29483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29485,29486,29530],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29487,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29489,9390],{"class":67},[61,29491,72],{"class":71},[61,29493,1235],{"class":75},[61,29495,215],{"class":214},[61,29497,2422],{"class":218},[61,29499,215],{"class":214},[61,29501,378],{"class":75},[61,29503,587],{"class":79},[61,29505,83],{"class":75},[61,29507,226],{"class":214},[61,29509,11967],{"class":218},[61,29511,215],{"class":214},[61,29513,378],{"class":75},[61,29515,86],{"class":79},[61,29517,83],{"class":75},[61,29519,226],{"class":214},[61,29521,22297],{"class":218},[61,29523,215],{"class":214},[61,29525,378],{"class":75},[61,29527,95],{"class":79},[61,29529,162],{"class":75},[61,29531,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29533,127],{"class":126},[61,29535,113],{"class":75},[61,29537,9429],{"class":116},[61,29539,26],{"class":75},[61,29541,28769],{"class":116},[61,29543,7424],{"class":75},[14,29545,29546],{},[23,29547,139],{},[52,29549,29551],{"className":54,"code":29550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29552,29553],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29554,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29556,113],{"class":75},[61,29558,299],{"class":214},[61,29560,22297],{"class":218},[61,29562,299],{"class":214},[61,29564,83],{"class":75},[61,29566,95],{"class":79},[61,29568,120],{"class":75},[14,29570,29571],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29573,29574,29575,29577,29578,29580],{},"As a beginner, do ",[23,29576,704],{}," think of ",[18,29579,12993],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29582,29583,29584,2437,29588,17293,29592,26],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[334,29585,29586],{"href":17296},[18,29587,17299],{},[334,29589,29590],{"href":17283},[18,29591,17286],{},[334,29593,29594],{"href":17289},[18,29595,17292],{},[47,29597,29599,29600,4621,29602],{"id":29598},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29601,12993],{},[18,29603,12986],{},[14,29605,29606,4621,29608,29610],{},[18,29607,12993],{},[18,29609,12986],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[819,29612,29613],{"id":28769},[18,29614,12993],{},[34,29616,29617,29620,29623],{},[37,29618,29619],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[37,29621,29622],{},"does not need a key argument",[37,29624,3926,29625],{},[18,29626,21875],{},[819,29628,29629],{"id":26462},[18,29630,12986],{},[34,29632,29633,29636,29639],{},[37,29634,29635],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[37,29637,29638],{},"needs the key name",[37,29640,29641],{},"returns only the value",[14,29643,197],{},[52,29645,29647],{"className":54,"code":29646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29648,29649,29693,29697,29711,29731,29735,29757,29776,29780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29650,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29652,9390],{"class":67},[61,29654,72],{"class":71},[61,29656,1235],{"class":75},[61,29658,215],{"class":214},[61,29660,334],{"class":218},[61,29662,215],{"class":214},[61,29664,378],{"class":75},[61,29666,587],{"class":79},[61,29668,83],{"class":75},[61,29670,226],{"class":214},[61,29672,765],{"class":218},[61,29674,215],{"class":214},[61,29676,378],{"class":75},[61,29678,86],{"class":79},[61,29680,83],{"class":75},[61,29682,226],{"class":214},[61,29684,9961],{"class":218},[61,29686,215],{"class":214},[61,29688,378],{"class":75},[61,29690,95],{"class":79},[61,29692,162],{"class":75},[61,29694,29695],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29696,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29698,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29700,28760],{"class":67},[61,29702,72],{"class":71},[61,29704,14787],{"class":67},[61,29706,26],{"class":75},[61,29708,28769],{"class":116},[61,29710,628],{"class":75},[61,29712,29713,29715,29717,29719,29722,29724,29726,29729],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,29714,127],{"class":126},[61,29716,113],{"class":75},[61,29718,215],{"class":214},[61,29720,29721],{"class":218},"popitem():",[61,29723,215],{"class":214},[61,29725,83],{"class":75},[61,29727,29728],{"class":116}," item",[61,29730,120],{"class":75},[61,29732,29733],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,29734,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,29738,1766],{"class":67},[61,29740,72],{"class":71},[61,29742,14787],{"class":67},[61,29744,26],{"class":75},[61,29746,26462],{"class":116},[61,29748,113],{"class":75},[61,29750,215],{"class":214},[61,29752,334],{"class":218},[61,29754,215],{"class":214},[61,29756,120],{"class":75},[61,29758,29759,29761,29763,29765,29768,29770,29772,29774],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,29760,127],{"class":126},[61,29762,113],{"class":75},[61,29764,215],{"class":214},[61,29766,29767],{"class":218},"pop('a'):",[61,29769,215],{"class":214},[61,29771,83],{"class":75},[61,29773,8663],{"class":116},[61,29775,120],{"class":75},[61,29777,29778],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,29779,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29781,29782,29784,29786,29788],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,29783,127],{"class":126},[61,29785,113],{"class":75},[61,29787,9429],{"class":116},[61,29789,120],{"class":75},[14,29791,29792],{},[23,29793,139],{},[52,29795,29797],{"className":54,"code":29796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29798,29799,29820,29837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29800,29801,29803,29806,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816,29818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29802,28769],{"class":116},[61,29804,29805],{"class":75},"():",[61,29807,942],{"class":75},[61,29809,299],{"class":214},[61,29811,9961],{"class":218},[61,29813,299],{"class":214},[61,29815,83],{"class":75},[61,29817,95],{"class":79},[61,29819,120],{"class":75},[61,29821,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29823,26462],{"class":116},[61,29825,113],{"class":75},[61,29827,299],{"class":214},[61,29829,334],{"class":218},[61,29831,299],{"class":214},[61,29833,16672],{"class":75},[61,29835,29836],{"class":79}," 1\n",[61,29838,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29840,149],{"class":75},[61,29842,299],{"class":214},[61,29844,765],{"class":218},[61,29846,299],{"class":214},[61,29848,378],{"class":75},[61,29850,86],{"class":79},[61,29852,162],{"class":75},[14,29854,165,29855,29859],{},[334,29856,29857],{"href":12789},[18,29858,12986],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29861,165,29862,29864],{},[18,29863,12993],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[47,29866,29868],{"id":29867},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29870,29871,29872,29874],{},"Calling ",[18,29873,12993],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[52,29876,29878],{"className":54,"code":29877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29879,29880,29888],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29881,29882,29884,29886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29883,9390],{"class":67},[61,29885,72],{"class":71},[61,29887,733],{"class":75},[61,29889,29890,29892,29894,29896],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29891,9429],{"class":67},[61,29893,26],{"class":75},[61,29895,28769],{"class":116},[61,29897,628],{"class":75},[14,29899,29900],{},[23,29901,29902],{},"Error:",[52,29904,29906],{"className":54,"code":29905,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29907,29908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29909,29910,29912,29914,29916,29919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29911,19907],{"class":109},[61,29913,378],{"class":75},[61,29915,308],{"class":214},[61,29917,29918],{"class":218},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[61,29920,29921],{"class":214},"'\n",[819,29923,29925],{"id":29924},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[52,29927,29929],{"className":54,"code":29928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29930,29931,29939,29943,29951,29966,29976,29982],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,29932,29933,29935,29937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,29934,9390],{"class":67},[61,29936,72],{"class":71},[61,29938,733],{"class":75},[61,29940,29941],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,29942,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,29944,29945,29947,29949],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,29946,7227],{"class":1490},[61,29948,14787],{"class":67},[61,29950,6621],{"class":75},[61,29952,29953,29956,29958,29960,29962,29964],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,29954,29955],{"class":67},"    item ",[61,29957,72],{"class":71},[61,29959,14787],{"class":67},[61,29961,26],{"class":75},[61,29963,28769],{"class":116},[61,29965,628],{"class":75},[61,29967,29968,29970,29972,29974],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,29969,8299],{"class":126},[61,29971,113],{"class":75},[61,29973,23531],{"class":116},[61,29975,120],{"class":75},[61,29977,29978,29980],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,29979,27655],{"class":1490},[61,29981,6621],{"class":75},[61,29983,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993,29995],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,29985,8299],{"class":126},[61,29987,113],{"class":75},[61,29989,215],{"class":214},[61,29991,29992],{"class":218},"Dictionary is empty",[61,29994,215],{"class":214},[61,29996,120],{"class":75},[819,29998,30000,30001],{"id":29999},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,30002,30003],{},"try-except",[52,30005,30007],{"className":54,"code":30006,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,30008,30009,30017,30021,30028,30042,30052,30062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30010,30011,30013,30015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30012,9390],{"class":67},[61,30014,72],{"class":71},[61,30016,733],{"class":75},[61,30018,30019],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30020,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,30022,30023,30026],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30024,30025],{"class":1490},"try",[61,30027,6621],{"class":75},[61,30029,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,30031,29955],{"class":67},[61,30033,72],{"class":71},[61,30035,14787],{"class":67},[61,30037,26],{"class":75},[61,30039,28769],{"class":116},[61,30041,628],{"class":75},[61,30043,30044,30046,30048,30050],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,30045,8299],{"class":126},[61,30047,113],{"class":75},[61,30049,23531],{"class":116},[61,30051,120],{"class":75},[61,30053,30054,30057,30060],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,30055,30056],{"class":1490},"except",[61,30058,30059],{"class":109}," KeyError",[61,30061,6621],{"class":75},[61,30063,30064,30066,30068,30070,30073,30075],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,30065,8299],{"class":126},[61,30067,113],{"class":75},[61,30069,215],{"class":214},[61,30071,30072],{"class":218},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[61,30074,215],{"class":214},[61,30076,120],{"class":75},[14,30078,30079,30080,26],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[334,30081,25900,30083],{"href":30082},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,30084,30085],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,30087,5189,30089],{"id":30088},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,30090,12993],{},[14,30092,30093,30095],{},[18,30094,12993],{}," is useful when:",[34,30097,30098,30101,30104],{},[37,30099,30100],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[37,30102,30103],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[37,30105,30106],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30108,30109],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[52,30111,30113],{"className":54,"code":30112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,30114,30115,30124,30144,30164,30182,30186,30190,30200,30219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30116,30117,30120,30122],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30118,30119],{"class":67},"tasks ",[61,30121,72],{"class":71},[61,30123,11714],{"class":75},[61,30125,30126,30128,30131,30133,30135,30137,30140,30142],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30127,11719],{"class":214},[61,30129,30130],{"class":218},"first",[61,30132,215],{"class":214},[61,30134,378],{"class":75},[61,30136,226],{"class":214},[61,30138,30139],{"class":218},"wash dishes",[61,30141,215],{"class":214},[61,30143,11735],{"class":75},[61,30145,30146,30148,30151,30153,30155,30157,30160,30162],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30147,11719],{"class":214},[61,30149,30150],{"class":218},"second",[61,30152,215],{"class":214},[61,30154,378],{"class":75},[61,30156,226],{"class":214},[61,30158,30159],{"class":218},"do homework",[61,30161,215],{"class":214},[61,30163,11735],{"class":75},[61,30165,30166,30168,30171,30173,30175,30177,30180],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,30167,11719],{"class":214},[61,30169,30170],{"class":218},"third",[61,30172,215],{"class":214},[61,30174,378],{"class":75},[61,30176,226],{"class":214},[61,30178,30179],{"class":218},"read book",[61,30181,1043],{"class":214},[61,30183,30184],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,30185,162],{"class":75},[61,30187,30188],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,30189,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,30191,30192,30195,30198],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,30193,30194],{"class":1490},"while",[61,30196,30197],{"class":67}," tasks",[61,30199,6621],{"class":75},[61,30201,30202,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,30203,30204],{"class":67},"    key",[61,30206,83],{"class":75},[61,30208,21804],{"class":67},[61,30210,72],{"class":71},[61,30212,30197],{"class":67},[61,30214,26],{"class":75},[61,30216,28769],{"class":116},[61,30218,628],{"class":75},[61,30220,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,30222,8299],{"class":126},[61,30224,113],{"class":75},[61,30226,22514],{"class":675},[61,30228,215],{"class":218},[61,30230,149],{"class":79},[61,30232,15062],{"class":116},[61,30234,22523],{"class":79},[61,30236,22526],{"class":218},[61,30238,149],{"class":79},[61,30240,1783],{"class":116},[61,30242,22523],{"class":79},[61,30244,215],{"class":218},[61,30246,120],{"class":75},[14,30248,30249],{},[23,30250,287],{},[52,30252,30254],{"className":54,"code":30253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30255,30256,30265,30274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30257,30258,30260,30262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30259,30170],{"class":67},[61,30261,378],{"class":75},[61,30263,30264],{"class":67}," read book\n",[61,30266,30267,30269,30271],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30268,30150],{"class":67},[61,30270,378],{"class":75},[61,30272,30273],{"class":67}," do homework\n",[61,30275,30276,30278,30280],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30277,30130],{"class":67},[61,30279,378],{"class":75},[61,30281,30282],{"class":67}," wash dishes\n",[14,30284,29282,30285,30287],{},[18,30286,12993],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[47,30289,1741],{"id":1740},[14,30291,14954,30292,378],{},[18,30293,12993],{},[34,30295,30296,30310,30329,30340],{},[37,30297,30298,30303],{},[23,30299,29871,30300,30302],{},[18,30301,12993],{}," on an empty dictionary",[34,30304,30305],{},[37,30306,30307,30308,26],{},"This raises ",[18,30309,19907],{},[37,30311,30312,30317],{},[23,30313,1864,30314,30316],{},[18,30315,12993],{}," to remove a specific key",[34,30318,30319,30322],{},[37,30320,30321],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[37,30323,165,30324,30328],{},[334,30325,30326],{"href":12789},[18,30327,12986],{}," if you need that.",[37,30330,30331,30335],{},[23,30332,4932,30333,27921],{},[18,30334,12993],{},[34,30336,30337],{},[37,30338,30339],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[37,30341,30342,30345],{},[23,30343,30344],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[34,30346,30347],{},[37,30348,30349,22195,30351,30353],{},[18,30350,12993],{},[18,30352,21875],{}," tuple.",[14,30355,30356],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[52,30358,30360],{"className":54,"code":30359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30361,30362,30372,30386,30390,30404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30363,30364,30366,30368,30370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30365,127],{"class":126},[61,30367,113],{"class":75},[61,30369,11670],{"class":116},[61,30371,120],{"class":75},[61,30373,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30375,127],{"class":126},[61,30377,113],{"class":75},[61,30379,1948],{"class":126},[61,30381,113],{"class":75},[61,30383,11670],{"class":116},[61,30385,480],{"class":75},[61,30387,30388],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30389,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,30391,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,30393,28760],{"class":67},[61,30395,72],{"class":71},[61,30397,11988],{"class":67},[61,30399,26],{"class":75},[61,30401,28769],{"class":116},[61,30403,628],{"class":75},[61,30405,30406,30408,30410,30412],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,30407,127],{"class":126},[61,30409,113],{"class":75},[61,30411,23531],{"class":116},[61,30413,120],{"class":75},[14,30415,30416],{},"Or with unpacking:",[52,30418,30420],{"className":54,"code":30419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30421,30422,30440,30450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30423,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30425,15062],{"class":67},[61,30427,83],{"class":75},[61,30429,21804],{"class":67},[61,30431,72],{"class":71},[61,30433,11988],{"class":67},[61,30435,26],{"class":75},[61,30437,28769],{"class":116},[61,30439,628],{"class":75},[61,30441,30442,30444,30446,30448],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30443,127],{"class":126},[61,30445,113],{"class":75},[61,30447,15062],{"class":116},[61,30449,120],{"class":75},[61,30451,30452,30454,30456,30458],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30453,127],{"class":126},[61,30455,113],{"class":75},[61,30457,1783],{"class":116},[61,30459,120],{"class":75},[47,30461,1987],{"id":1986},[819,30463,5371,30465,5374],{"id":30464},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30466,12993],{},[14,30468,30469,30470,26],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30471,30472],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[819,30474,12927,30476,30478],{"id":30475},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30477,12993],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30480,30481],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[819,30483,30485,30486,30488],{"id":30484},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30487,12993],{}," removes?",[14,30490,30491,30492,30496],{},"No. Use ",[334,30493,30494],{"href":12789},[18,30495,12986],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[819,30498,12927,30500,15117],{"id":30499},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30501,12993],{},[14,30503,30504],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[819,30506,30508,30509,30511],{"id":30507},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30510,12993],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30513,30514,30515,30517,30518,26],{},"It raises ",[18,30516,19907],{}," with the message ",[18,30519,29918],{},[47,30521,2144],{"id":2143},[34,30523,30524,30531,30537,30543,30549,30556,30560,30564],{},[37,30525,30526],{},[334,30527,30528,30530],{"href":12789},[18,30529,12986],{}," method for dictionaries",[37,30532,30533],{},[334,30534,30535,30530],{"href":17296},[18,30536,17299],{},[37,30538,30539],{},[334,30540,30541,30530],{"href":17283},[18,30542,17286],{},[37,30544,30545],{},[334,30546,30547,30530],{"href":17289},[18,30548,17292],{},[37,30550,30551],{},[334,30552,30554,30530],{"href":30553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30555,11541],{},[37,30557,30558],{},[334,30559,13010],{"href":12796},[37,30561,30562],{},[334,30563,21677],{"href":16817},[37,30565,30566],{},[334,30567,30568,30569],{"href":30082},"Fix ",[18,30570,30085],{},[2169,30572,30573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":30575},[30576,30577,30579,30580,30581,30582,30583,30584,30589,30594,30596,30597,30609],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":28856,"depth":101,"text":30578},"What popitem() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":28925,"depth":101,"text":28926},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":29278,"depth":101,"text":29279},{"id":29470,"depth":101,"text":29471},{"id":29598,"depth":101,"text":30585,"children":30586},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30587,30588],{"id":28769,"depth":123,"text":12993},{"id":26462,"depth":123,"text":12986},{"id":29867,"depth":101,"text":29868,"children":30590},[30591,30592],{"id":29924,"depth":123,"text":29925},{"id":29999,"depth":123,"text":30593},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30088,"depth":101,"text":30595},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":30598},[30599,30601,30603,30605,30607],{"id":30464,"depth":123,"text":30600},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30475,"depth":123,"text":30602},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30484,"depth":123,"text":30604},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30499,"depth":123,"text":30606},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30507,"depth":123,"text":30608},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28595,"description":30610},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30617,"title":30618,"body":30619,"description":32521,"extension":2216,"meta":32522,"navigation":271,"path":14254,"seo":32523,"stem":32524,"__hash__":32525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30620,"toc":32493},[30621,30626,30631,30634,30636,30733,30738,30743,30748,30751,30759,30761,30776,30778,30878,30880,30937,30941,30943,30946,30966,30971,30982,30985,31012,31015,31017,31074,31076,31097,31103,31108,31111,31122,31124,31232,31234,31287,31289,31301,31308,31314,31319,31322,31410,31412,31457,31460,31468,31471,31474,31543,31546,31549,31553,31556,31627,31629,31682,31685,31688,31691,31706,31709,31721,31724,31787,31789,31795,31797,31799,31878,31880,31921,31923,31988,31990,32027,32032,32037,32041,32055,32058,32181,32183,32268,32273,32275,32279,32301,32304,32384,32387,32406,32411,32413,32419,32424,32430,32433,32439,32442,32448,32453,32459,32465,32467,32490],[10,30622,11538,30624,11542],{"id":30623},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30625,15175],{},[14,30627,2233,30628,30630],{},[18,30629,15175],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30632,30633],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[47,30635,50],{"id":49},[52,30637,30639],{"className":54,"code":30638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30640,30641,30677,30718,30728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30642,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30644,13426],{"class":67},[61,30646,72],{"class":71},[61,30648,1235],{"class":75},[61,30650,215],{"class":214},[61,30652,7899],{"class":218},[61,30654,215],{"class":214},[61,30656,378],{"class":75},[61,30658,226],{"class":214},[61,30660,13104],{"class":218},[61,30662,215],{"class":214},[61,30664,83],{"class":75},[61,30666,226],{"class":214},[61,30668,9521],{"class":218},[61,30670,215],{"class":214},[61,30672,378],{"class":75},[61,30674,452],{"class":79},[61,30676,162],{"class":75},[61,30678,30679,30681,30683,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30680,17528],{"class":67},[61,30682,26],{"class":75},[61,30684,30685],{"class":116},"update",[61,30687,5757],{"class":75},[61,30689,215],{"class":214},[61,30691,9521],{"class":218},[61,30693,215],{"class":214},[61,30695,378],{"class":75},[61,30697,30698],{"class":79}," 21",[61,30700,83],{"class":75},[61,30702,226],{"class":214},[61,30704,10630],{"class":218},[61,30706,215],{"class":214},[61,30708,378],{"class":75},[61,30710,226],{"class":214},[61,30712,16251],{"class":218},[61,30714,215],{"class":214},[61,30716,30717],{"class":75},"})\n",[61,30719,30720,30722,30724,30726],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30721,127],{"class":126},[61,30723,113],{"class":75},[61,30725,17528],{"class":116},[61,30727,120],{"class":75},[61,30729,30730],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,30731,30732],{"class":3896},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30734,165,30735,30737],{},[18,30736,15175],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[47,30739,3911,30741,3914],{"id":30740},"what-update-does",[18,30742,15175],{},[14,30744,30745,30747],{},[18,30746,15175],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30749,30750],{},"It can do two main things:",[34,30752,30753,30756],{},[37,30754,30755],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[37,30757,30758],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30760,180],{},[34,30762,30763,30766,30769,30773],{},[37,30764,30765],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[37,30767,30768],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[37,30770,5377,30771],{},[18,30772,4012],{},[37,30774,30775],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30777,197],{},[52,30779,30781],{"className":54,"code":30780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30782,30783,30825,30868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30784,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30821,30823],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30786,13087],{"class":67},[61,30788,72],{"class":71},[61,30790,1235],{"class":75},[61,30792,215],{"class":214},[61,30794,7899],{"class":218},[61,30796,215],{"class":214},[61,30798,378],{"class":75},[61,30800,226],{"class":214},[61,30802,30803],{"class":218},"Mira",[61,30805,215],{"class":214},[61,30807,83],{"class":75},[61,30809,226],{"class":214},[61,30811,20111],{"class":218},[61,30813,215],{"class":214},[61,30815,378],{"class":75},[61,30817,226],{"class":214},[61,30819,30820],{"class":218},"B",[61,30822,215],{"class":214},[61,30824,162],{"class":75},[61,30826,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30864,30866],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,30828,13848],{"class":67},[61,30830,26],{"class":75},[61,30832,30685],{"class":116},[61,30834,5757],{"class":75},[61,30836,215],{"class":214},[61,30838,20111],{"class":218},[61,30840,215],{"class":214},[61,30842,378],{"class":75},[61,30844,226],{"class":214},[61,30846,22465],{"class":218},[61,30848,215],{"class":214},[61,30850,83],{"class":75},[61,30852,226],{"class":214},[61,30854,10630],{"class":218},[61,30856,215],{"class":214},[61,30858,378],{"class":75},[61,30860,226],{"class":214},[61,30862,30863],{"class":218},"Quito",[61,30865,215],{"class":214},[61,30867,30717],{"class":75},[61,30869,30870,30872,30874,30876],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,30871,127],{"class":126},[61,30873,113],{"class":75},[61,30875,13848],{"class":116},[61,30877,120],{"class":75},[14,30879,139],{},[52,30881,30883],{"className":54,"code":30882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30884,30885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30888,149],{"class":75},[61,30890,299],{"class":214},[61,30892,7899],{"class":218},[61,30894,299],{"class":214},[61,30896,378],{"class":75},[61,30898,308],{"class":214},[61,30900,30803],{"class":218},[61,30902,299],{"class":214},[61,30904,83],{"class":75},[61,30906,308],{"class":214},[61,30908,20111],{"class":218},[61,30910,299],{"class":214},[61,30912,378],{"class":75},[61,30914,308],{"class":214},[61,30916,22465],{"class":218},[61,30918,299],{"class":214},[61,30920,83],{"class":75},[61,30922,308],{"class":214},[61,30924,10630],{"class":218},[61,30926,299],{"class":214},[61,30928,378],{"class":75},[61,30930,308],{"class":214},[61,30932,30863],{"class":218},[61,30934,299],{"class":214},[61,30936,162],{"class":75},[14,30938,9376,30939,26],{},[334,30940,24849],{"href":9612},[47,30942,341],{"id":340},[14,30944,30945],{},"The basic form is:",[52,30947,30949],{"className":54,"code":30948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30950,30951],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30952,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30954,15826],{"class":67},[61,30956,26],{"class":75},[61,30958,30685],{"class":116},[61,30960,113],{"class":75},[61,30962,30963],{"class":116},"other",[61,30965,120],{"class":75},[14,30967,30968,30970],{},[18,30969,30963],{}," can be:",[34,30972,30973,30976,30979],{},[37,30974,30975],{},"Another dictionary",[37,30977,30978],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[37,30980,30981],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30983,30984],{},"You can also use:",[52,30986,30988],{"className":54,"code":30987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30989,30990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,30991,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,30993,15826],{"class":67},[61,30995,26],{"class":75},[61,30997,30685],{"class":116},[61,30999,113],{"class":75},[61,31001,7899],{"class":9400},[61,31003,72],{"class":71},[61,31005,215],{"class":214},[61,31007,7908],{"class":218},[61,31009,215],{"class":214},[61,31011,120],{"class":75},[14,31013,31014],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31016,197],{},[52,31018,31020],{"className":54,"code":31019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,31021,31022,31042,31064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31023,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31025,9390],{"class":67},[61,31027,72],{"class":71},[61,31029,1235],{"class":75},[61,31031,215],{"class":214},[61,31033,334],{"class":218},[61,31035,215],{"class":214},[61,31037,378],{"class":75},[61,31039,587],{"class":79},[61,31041,162],{"class":75},[61,31043,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31045,9429],{"class":67},[61,31047,26],{"class":75},[61,31049,30685],{"class":116},[61,31051,5757],{"class":75},[61,31053,215],{"class":214},[61,31055,334],{"class":218},[61,31057,215],{"class":214},[61,31059,378],{"class":75},[61,31061,457],{"class":79},[61,31063,30717],{"class":75},[61,31065,31066,31068,31070,31072],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31067,127],{"class":126},[61,31069,113],{"class":75},[61,31071,9429],{"class":116},[61,31073,120],{"class":75},[14,31075,139],{},[52,31077,31079],{"className":54,"code":31078,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,31080,31081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31082,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31084,149],{"class":75},[61,31086,299],{"class":214},[61,31088,334],{"class":218},[61,31090,299],{"class":214},[61,31092,378],{"class":75},[61,31094,457],{"class":79},[61,31096,162],{"class":75},[47,31098,1750,31100,31102],{"id":31099},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,31101,15175],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31104,31105,31106,26],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,31107,15175],{},[14,31109,31110],{},"It is useful when:",[34,31112,31113,31116,31119],{},[37,31114,31115],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[37,31117,31118],{},"Adding extra settings",[37,31120,31121],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31123,197],{},[52,31125,31127],{"className":54,"code":31126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,31128,31129,31166,31203,31207,31222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31130,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31132,14047],{"class":67},[61,31134,72],{"class":71},[61,31136,1235],{"class":75},[61,31138,215],{"class":214},[61,31140,12717],{"class":218},[61,31142,215],{"class":214},[61,31144,378],{"class":75},[61,31146,226],{"class":214},[61,31148,21148],{"class":218},[61,31150,215],{"class":214},[61,31152,83],{"class":75},[61,31154,226],{"class":214},[61,31156,14072],{"class":218},[61,31158,215],{"class":214},[61,31160,378],{"class":75},[61,31162,31163],{"class":79}," 12",[61,31165,162],{"class":75},[61,31167,31168,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31169,31170],{"class":67},"new_settings ",[61,31172,72],{"class":71},[61,31174,1235],{"class":75},[61,31176,215],{"class":214},[61,31178,14072],{"class":218},[61,31180,215],{"class":214},[61,31182,378],{"class":75},[61,31184,14079],{"class":79},[61,31186,83],{"class":75},[61,31188,226],{"class":214},[61,31190,20343],{"class":218},[61,31192,215],{"class":214},[61,31194,378],{"class":75},[61,31196,226],{"class":214},[61,31198,20377],{"class":218},[61,31200,215],{"class":214},[61,31202,162],{"class":75},[61,31204,31205],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31206,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,31208,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31220],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,31210,14106],{"class":67},[61,31212,26],{"class":75},[61,31214,30685],{"class":116},[61,31216,113],{"class":75},[61,31218,31219],{"class":116},"new_settings",[61,31221,120],{"class":75},[61,31223,31224,31226,31228,31230],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,31225,127],{"class":126},[61,31227,113],{"class":75},[61,31229,14106],{"class":116},[61,31231,120],{"class":75},[14,31233,139],{},[52,31235,31237],{"className":54,"code":31236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31238,31239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31240,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31242,149],{"class":75},[61,31244,299],{"class":214},[61,31246,12717],{"class":218},[61,31248,299],{"class":214},[61,31250,378],{"class":75},[61,31252,308],{"class":214},[61,31254,21148],{"class":218},[61,31256,299],{"class":214},[61,31258,83],{"class":75},[61,31260,308],{"class":214},[61,31262,14072],{"class":218},[61,31264,299],{"class":214},[61,31266,378],{"class":75},[61,31268,14079],{"class":79},[61,31270,83],{"class":75},[61,31272,308],{"class":214},[61,31274,20343],{"class":218},[61,31276,299],{"class":214},[61,31278,378],{"class":75},[61,31280,308],{"class":214},[61,31282,20377],{"class":218},[61,31284,299],{"class":214},[61,31286,162],{"class":75},[14,31288,13631],{},[34,31290,31291,31296],{},[37,31292,31293,31295],{},[18,31294,14072],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[37,31297,31298,31300],{},[18,31299,20343],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31302,31303,31304,26],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[334,31305,31307],{"href":31306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[47,31309,1750,31311,31313],{"id":31310},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31312,15175],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31315,31316,31318],{},[18,31317,15175],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31320,31321],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[52,31323,31325],{"className":54,"code":31324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31326,31327,31347,31382,31386,31400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31328,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31330,5292],{"class":67},[61,31332,72],{"class":71},[61,31334,1235],{"class":75},[61,31336,215],{"class":214},[61,31338,18636],{"class":218},[61,31340,215],{"class":214},[61,31342,378],{"class":75},[61,31344,20118],{"class":79},[61,31346,162],{"class":75},[61,31348,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31374,31376,31378,31380],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31350,9440],{"class":67},[61,31352,72],{"class":71},[61,31354,9445],{"class":75},[61,31356,215],{"class":214},[61,31358,18645],{"class":218},[61,31360,215],{"class":214},[61,31362,83],{"class":75},[61,31364,13729],{"class":79},[61,31366,1362],{"class":75},[61,31368,942],{"class":75},[61,31370,215],{"class":214},[61,31372,31373],{"class":218},"english",[61,31375,215],{"class":214},[61,31377,83],{"class":75},[61,31379,29141],{"class":79},[61,31381,9472],{"class":75},[61,31383,31384],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31385,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,31387,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,31389,16609],{"class":67},[61,31391,26],{"class":75},[61,31393,30685],{"class":116},[61,31395,113],{"class":75},[61,31397,9485],{"class":116},[61,31399,120],{"class":75},[61,31401,31402,31404,31406,31408],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,31403,127],{"class":126},[61,31405,113],{"class":75},[61,31407,16609],{"class":116},[61,31409,120],{"class":75},[14,31411,139],{},[52,31413,31415],{"className":54,"code":31414,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31416,31417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31418,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31420,149],{"class":75},[61,31422,299],{"class":214},[61,31424,18636],{"class":218},[61,31426,299],{"class":214},[61,31428,378],{"class":75},[61,31430,20118],{"class":79},[61,31432,83],{"class":75},[61,31434,308],{"class":214},[61,31436,18645],{"class":218},[61,31438,299],{"class":214},[61,31440,378],{"class":75},[61,31442,13729],{"class":79},[61,31444,83],{"class":75},[61,31446,308],{"class":214},[61,31448,31373],{"class":218},[61,31450,299],{"class":214},[61,31452,378],{"class":75},[61,31454,29141],{"class":79},[61,31456,162],{"class":75},[14,31458,31459],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[34,31461,31462,31465],{},[37,31463,31464],{},"The key",[37,31466,31467],{},"The value",[14,31469,31470],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31472,31473],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[52,31475,31477],{"className":54,"code":31476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31478,31479,31499,31524,31528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31480,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31482,9390],{"class":67},[61,31484,72],{"class":71},[61,31486,1235],{"class":75},[61,31488,215],{"class":214},[61,31490,334],{"class":218},[61,31492,215],{"class":214},[61,31494,378],{"class":75},[61,31496,587],{"class":79},[61,31498,162],{"class":75},[61,31500,31501,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31502,31503],{"class":67},"bad_pairs ",[61,31505,72],{"class":71},[61,31507,9445],{"class":75},[61,31509,215],{"class":214},[61,31511,765],{"class":218},[61,31513,215],{"class":214},[61,31515,83],{"class":75},[61,31517,86],{"class":79},[61,31519,83],{"class":75},[61,31521,95],{"class":79},[61,31523,9472],{"class":75},[61,31525,31526],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31527,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,31529,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31541],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,31531,9429],{"class":67},[61,31533,26],{"class":75},[61,31535,30685],{"class":116},[61,31537,113],{"class":75},[61,31539,31540],{"class":116},"bad_pairs",[61,31542,120],{"class":75},[14,31544,31545],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31547,31548],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[47,31550,31552],{"id":31551},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31554,31555],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[52,31557,31559],{"className":54,"code":31558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31560,31561,31585,31617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31562,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31564,11709],{"class":67},[61,31566,72],{"class":71},[61,31568,1235],{"class":75},[61,31570,215],{"class":214},[61,31572,7899],{"class":218},[61,31574,215],{"class":214},[61,31576,378],{"class":75},[61,31578,226],{"class":214},[61,31580,29134],{"class":218},[61,31582,215],{"class":214},[61,31584,162],{"class":75},[61,31586,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31606,31608,31610,31613,31615],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31588,11803],{"class":67},[61,31590,26],{"class":75},[61,31592,30685],{"class":116},[61,31594,113],{"class":75},[61,31596,9521],{"class":9400},[61,31598,72],{"class":71},[61,31600,9418],{"class":79},[61,31602,83],{"class":75},[61,31604,31605],{"class":9400}," city",[61,31607,72],{"class":71},[61,31609,215],{"class":214},[61,31611,31612],{"class":218},"Madrid",[61,31614,215],{"class":214},[61,31616,120],{"class":75},[61,31618,31619,31621,31623,31625],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31620,127],{"class":126},[61,31622,113],{"class":75},[61,31624,11803],{"class":116},[61,31626,120],{"class":75},[14,31628,139],{},[52,31630,31632],{"className":54,"code":31631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31633,31634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31635,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31637,149],{"class":75},[61,31639,299],{"class":214},[61,31641,7899],{"class":218},[61,31643,299],{"class":214},[61,31645,378],{"class":75},[61,31647,308],{"class":214},[61,31649,29134],{"class":218},[61,31651,299],{"class":214},[61,31653,83],{"class":75},[61,31655,308],{"class":214},[61,31657,9521],{"class":218},[61,31659,299],{"class":214},[61,31661,378],{"class":75},[61,31663,9528],{"class":79},[61,31665,83],{"class":75},[61,31667,308],{"class":214},[61,31669,10630],{"class":218},[61,31671,299],{"class":214},[61,31673,378],{"class":75},[61,31675,308],{"class":214},[61,31677,31612],{"class":218},[61,31679,299],{"class":214},[61,31681,162],{"class":75},[14,31683,31684],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31686,31687],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31689,31690],{},"These work:",[34,31692,31693,31697,31701],{},[37,31694,31695],{},[18,31696,9521],{},[37,31698,31699],{},[18,31700,10630],{},[37,31702,31703],{},[18,31704,31705],{},"first_name",[14,31707,31708],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[34,31710,31711,31716],{},[37,31712,31713],{},[18,31714,31715],{},"\"first name\"",[37,31717,31718],{},[18,31719,31720],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31722,31723],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[52,31725,31727],{"className":54,"code":31726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31728,31729,31737,31777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31730,31731,31733,31735],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31732,11709],{"class":67},[61,31734,72],{"class":71},[61,31736,733],{"class":75},[61,31738,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31768,31770,31772,31775],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31740,11803],{"class":67},[61,31742,26],{"class":75},[61,31744,30685],{"class":116},[61,31746,5757],{"class":75},[61,31748,215],{"class":214},[61,31750,10733],{"class":218},[61,31752,215],{"class":214},[61,31754,378],{"class":75},[61,31756,226],{"class":214},[61,31758,29134],{"class":218},[61,31760,215],{"class":214},[61,31762,83],{"class":75},[61,31764,226],{"class":214},[61,31766,31767],{"class":218},"user-id",[61,31769,215],{"class":214},[61,31771,378],{"class":75},[61,31773,31774],{"class":79}," 1001",[61,31776,30717],{"class":75},[61,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31780,127],{"class":126},[61,31782,113],{"class":75},[61,31784,11803],{"class":116},[61,31786,120],{"class":75},[47,31788,17640],{"id":17639},[14,31790,31791,2642,31793,26],{},[18,31792,15175],{},[18,31794,4012],{},[14,31796,806],{},[14,31798,24929],{},[52,31800,31802],{"className":54,"code":31801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31803,31804,31828,31854,31858,31868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31805,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31807,13426],{"class":67},[61,31809,72],{"class":71},[61,31811,1235],{"class":75},[61,31813,215],{"class":214},[61,31815,7899],{"class":218},[61,31817,215],{"class":214},[61,31819,378],{"class":75},[61,31821,226],{"class":214},[61,31823,13104],{"class":218},[61,31825,215],{"class":214},[61,31827,162],{"class":75},[61,31829,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31831,869],{"class":67},[61,31833,72],{"class":71},[61,31835,13469],{"class":67},[61,31837,26],{"class":75},[61,31839,30685],{"class":116},[61,31841,5757],{"class":75},[61,31843,215],{"class":214},[61,31845,9521],{"class":218},[61,31847,215],{"class":214},[61,31849,378],{"class":75},[61,31851,452],{"class":79},[61,31853,30717],{"class":75},[61,31855,31856],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31857,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,31859,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,31861,127],{"class":126},[61,31863,113],{"class":75},[61,31865,892],{"class":116},[61,31867,120],{"class":75},[61,31869,31870,31872,31874,31876],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,31871,127],{"class":126},[61,31873,113],{"class":75},[61,31875,17528],{"class":116},[61,31877,120],{"class":75},[14,31879,139],{},[52,31881,31883],{"className":54,"code":31882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31884,31885,31889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31886,31887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31888,12030],{"class":1523},[61,31890,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31892,149],{"class":75},[61,31894,299],{"class":214},[61,31896,7899],{"class":218},[61,31898,299],{"class":214},[61,31900,378],{"class":75},[61,31902,308],{"class":214},[61,31904,13104],{"class":218},[61,31906,299],{"class":214},[61,31908,83],{"class":75},[61,31910,308],{"class":214},[61,31912,9521],{"class":218},[61,31914,299],{"class":214},[61,31916,378],{"class":75},[61,31918,452],{"class":79},[61,31920,162],{"class":75},[14,31922,16876],{},[52,31924,31926],{"className":54,"code":31925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31927,31928,31952,31974,31978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31929,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31931,13426],{"class":67},[61,31933,72],{"class":71},[61,31935,1235],{"class":75},[61,31937,215],{"class":214},[61,31939,7899],{"class":218},[61,31941,215],{"class":214},[61,31943,378],{"class":75},[61,31945,226],{"class":214},[61,31947,13104],{"class":218},[61,31949,215],{"class":214},[61,31951,162],{"class":75},[61,31953,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,31955,17528],{"class":67},[61,31957,26],{"class":75},[61,31959,30685],{"class":116},[61,31961,5757],{"class":75},[61,31963,215],{"class":214},[61,31965,9521],{"class":218},[61,31967,215],{"class":214},[61,31969,378],{"class":75},[61,31971,452],{"class":79},[61,31973,30717],{"class":75},[61,31975,31976],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,31977,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,31979,31980,31982,31984,31986],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,31981,127],{"class":126},[61,31983,113],{"class":75},[61,31985,17528],{"class":116},[61,31987,120],{"class":75},[14,31989,139],{},[52,31991,31993],{"className":54,"code":31992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31994,31995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,31996,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,31998,149],{"class":75},[61,32000,299],{"class":214},[61,32002,7899],{"class":218},[61,32004,299],{"class":214},[61,32006,378],{"class":75},[61,32008,308],{"class":214},[61,32010,13104],{"class":218},[61,32012,299],{"class":214},[61,32014,83],{"class":75},[61,32016,308],{"class":214},[61,32018,9521],{"class":218},[61,32020,299],{"class":214},[61,32022,378],{"class":75},[61,32024,452],{"class":79},[61,32026,162],{"class":75},[14,32028,32029,32030,26],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[334,32031,18124],{"href":10951},[47,32033,5189,32035],{"id":32034},"when-to-use-update",[18,32036,15175],{},[14,32038,165,32039,1422],{},[18,32040,15175],{},[34,32042,32043,32046,32049,32052],{},[37,32044,32045],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[37,32047,32048],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[37,32050,32051],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[37,32053,32054],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32056,32057],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[52,32059,32061],{"className":54,"code":32060,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,32062,32063,32099,32114,32118,32157,32161,32171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32064,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32066,12308],{"class":67},[61,32068,72],{"class":71},[61,32070,1235],{"class":75},[61,32072,215],{"class":214},[61,32074,7899],{"class":218},[61,32076,215],{"class":214},[61,32078,378],{"class":75},[61,32080,226],{"class":214},[61,32082,13104],{"class":218},[61,32084,215],{"class":214},[61,32086,83],{"class":75},[61,32088,226],{"class":214},[61,32090,9521],{"class":218},[61,32092,215],{"class":214},[61,32094,378],{"class":75},[61,32096,452],{"class":79},[61,32098,162],{"class":75},[61,32100,32101,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32102,32103],{"class":67},"updated ",[61,32105,72],{"class":71},[61,32107,12383],{"class":67},[61,32109,26],{"class":75},[61,32111,13135],{"class":116},[61,32113,628],{"class":75},[61,32115,32116],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,32117,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,32119,32120,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,32121,32122],{"class":67},"updated",[61,32124,26],{"class":75},[61,32126,30685],{"class":116},[61,32128,5757],{"class":75},[61,32130,215],{"class":214},[61,32132,9521],{"class":218},[61,32134,215],{"class":214},[61,32136,378],{"class":75},[61,32138,30698],{"class":79},[61,32140,83],{"class":75},[61,32142,226],{"class":214},[61,32144,10630],{"class":218},[61,32146,215],{"class":214},[61,32148,378],{"class":75},[61,32150,226],{"class":214},[61,32152,16251],{"class":218},[61,32154,215],{"class":214},[61,32156,30717],{"class":75},[61,32158,32159],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,32160,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,32162,32163,32165,32167,32169],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,32164,127],{"class":126},[61,32166,113],{"class":75},[61,32168,12355],{"class":116},[61,32170,120],{"class":75},[61,32172,32173,32175,32177,32179],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,32174,127],{"class":126},[61,32176,113],{"class":75},[61,32178,32122],{"class":116},[61,32180,120],{"class":75},[14,32182,139],{},[52,32184,32186],{"className":54,"code":32185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32187,32188,32220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32189,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32191,149],{"class":75},[61,32193,299],{"class":214},[61,32195,7899],{"class":218},[61,32197,299],{"class":214},[61,32199,378],{"class":75},[61,32201,308],{"class":214},[61,32203,13104],{"class":218},[61,32205,299],{"class":214},[61,32207,83],{"class":75},[61,32209,308],{"class":214},[61,32211,9521],{"class":218},[61,32213,299],{"class":214},[61,32215,378],{"class":75},[61,32217,452],{"class":79},[61,32219,162],{"class":75},[61,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32223,149],{"class":75},[61,32225,299],{"class":214},[61,32227,7899],{"class":218},[61,32229,299],{"class":214},[61,32231,378],{"class":75},[61,32233,308],{"class":214},[61,32235,13104],{"class":218},[61,32237,299],{"class":214},[61,32239,83],{"class":75},[61,32241,308],{"class":214},[61,32243,9521],{"class":218},[61,32245,299],{"class":214},[61,32247,378],{"class":75},[61,32249,30698],{"class":79},[61,32251,83],{"class":75},[61,32253,308],{"class":214},[61,32255,10630],{"class":218},[61,32257,299],{"class":214},[61,32259,378],{"class":75},[61,32261,308],{"class":214},[61,32263,16251],{"class":218},[61,32265,299],{"class":214},[61,32267,162],{"class":75},[14,32269,32270,32271,26],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[334,32272,16818],{"href":16817},[47,32274,1741],{"id":1740},[14,32276,10968,32277,378],{},[18,32278,15175],{},[34,32280,32281,32288,32292,32295,32298],{},[37,32282,12817,32283,32285,32286],{},[18,32284,15175],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32287,4012],{},[37,32289,1864,32290,12825],{},[18,32291,15175],{},[37,32293,32294],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[37,32296,32297],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[37,32299,32300],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32302,32303],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[52,32305,32307],{"className":54,"code":32306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32308,32309,32319,32333,32347,32369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32310,32311,32313,32315,32317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32312,127],{"class":126},[61,32314,113],{"class":75},[61,32316,11670],{"class":116},[61,32318,120],{"class":75},[61,32320,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32322,127],{"class":126},[61,32324,113],{"class":75},[61,32326,648],{"class":109},[61,32328,113],{"class":75},[61,32330,9429],{"class":116},[61,32332,480],{"class":75},[61,32334,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,32336,127],{"class":126},[61,32338,113],{"class":75},[61,32340,383],{"class":109},[61,32342,113],{"class":75},[61,32344,9429],{"class":116},[61,32346,480],{"class":75},[61,32348,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,32350,127],{"class":126},[61,32352,113],{"class":75},[61,32354,11670],{"class":116},[61,32356,26],{"class":75},[61,32358,19970],{"class":116},[61,32360,113],{"class":75},[61,32362,299],{"class":214},[61,32364,15062],{"class":218},[61,32366,299],{"class":214},[61,32368,480],{"class":75},[61,32370,32371,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,32372,32373],{"class":126},"help",[61,32375,113],{"class":75},[61,32377,799],{"class":109},[61,32379,26],{"class":75},[61,32381,30685],{"class":24971},[61,32383,120],{"class":75},[14,32385,32386],{},"These can help you check:",[34,32388,32389,32392,32397,32400,32403],{},[37,32390,32391],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[37,32393,32394,32395],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32396,15175],{},[37,32398,32399],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[37,32401,32402],{},"Whether a key exists",[37,32404,32405],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32407,32408,32409,26],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[334,32410,11482],{"href":11295},[47,32412,1987],{"id":1986},[819,32414,12927,32416,32418],{"id":32415},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32417,15175],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32420,32421,32422,26],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32423,4012],{},[819,32425,12927,32427,32429],{"id":32426},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32428,15175],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32431,32432],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[819,32434,5398,32436,32438],{"id":32435},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32437,15175],{}," add new keys?",[14,32440,32441],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[819,32443,28550,32445,32447],{"id":32444},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32446,15175],{}," with a list?",[14,32449,32450,32451,26],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32452,11316],{},[819,32454,5408,32456,32458],{"id":32455},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32457,15175],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32460,32461,32462,32464],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32463,15175],{}," can change many keys at once.",[47,32466,2144],{"id":2143},[34,32468,32469,32473,32477,32482,32486],{},[37,32470,32471],{},[334,32472,26316],{"href":9612},[37,32474,32475],{},[334,32476,11471],{"href":10951},[37,32478,32479],{},[334,32480,32481],{"href":31306},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[37,32483,32484],{},[334,32485,21677],{"href":16817},[37,32487,32488],{},[334,32489,11482],{"href":11295},[2169,32491,32492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":32494},[32495,32496,32498,32499,32501,32503,32504,32505,32507,32508,32520],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":30740,"depth":101,"text":32497},"What update() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":31099,"depth":101,"text":32500},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31310,"depth":101,"text":32502},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31551,"depth":101,"text":31552},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":32034,"depth":101,"text":32506},"When to use update()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":32509},[32510,32512,32514,32516,32518],{"id":32415,"depth":123,"text":32511},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32426,"depth":123,"text":32513},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32435,"depth":123,"text":32515},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32444,"depth":123,"text":32517},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32455,"depth":123,"text":32519},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30618,"description":32521},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32527,"title":32528,"body":32529,"description":34518,"extension":2216,"meta":34519,"navigation":271,"path":23115,"seo":34520,"stem":34521,"__hash__":34522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32530,"toc":34481},[32531,32536,32543,32546,32548,32647,32649,32704,32709,32714,32728,32733,32735,32750,32752,32766,32779,32784,32790,32797,32799,32906,32908,32957,32963,33038,33040,33061,33063,33066,33171,33173,33228,33230,33258,33262,33267,33346,33348,33368,33370,33381,33391,33395,33400,33504,33506,33531,33534,33545,33550,33559,33562,33579,33581,33668,33670,33733,33735,33758,33760,33765,33771,33776,33778,33817,33823,33826,33845,33856,33862,33865,33938,33940,33959,33964,33967,33990,33996,33999,34063,34066,34143,34150,34153,34212,34218,34220,34239,34243,34246,34297,34300,34320,34322,34383,34385,34390,34395,34400,34405,34410,34415,34421,34424,34433,34441,34443,34478],[10,32532,11538,32534,11542],{"id":32533},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32535,17292],{},[14,32537,32538,32539,32542],{},"The Python ",[18,32540,32541],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32544,32545],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[47,32547,50],{"id":49},[52,32549,32551],{"className":54,"code":32550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32552,32553,32605,32619,32623,32633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32554,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32556,13087],{"class":67},[61,32558,72],{"class":71},[61,32560,1235],{"class":75},[61,32562,215],{"class":214},[61,32564,7899],{"class":218},[61,32566,215],{"class":214},[61,32568,378],{"class":75},[61,32570,226],{"class":214},[61,32572,13104],{"class":218},[61,32574,215],{"class":214},[61,32576,83],{"class":75},[61,32578,226],{"class":214},[61,32580,9521],{"class":218},[61,32582,215],{"class":214},[61,32584,378],{"class":75},[61,32586,452],{"class":79},[61,32588,83],{"class":75},[61,32590,226],{"class":214},[61,32592,10630],{"class":218},[61,32594,215],{"class":214},[61,32596,378],{"class":75},[61,32598,226],{"class":214},[61,32600,16251],{"class":218},[61,32602,215],{"class":214},[61,32604,162],{"class":75},[61,32606,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32608,937],{"class":67},[61,32610,72],{"class":71},[61,32612,13130],{"class":67},[61,32614,26],{"class":75},[61,32616,974],{"class":116},[61,32618,628],{"class":75},[61,32620,32621],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,32622,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,32624,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,32626,127],{"class":126},[61,32628,113],{"class":75},[61,32630,974],{"class":116},[61,32632,120],{"class":75},[61,32634,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,32636,127],{"class":126},[61,32638,113],{"class":75},[61,32640,383],{"class":109},[61,32642,113],{"class":75},[61,32644,974],{"class":116},[61,32646,480],{"class":75},[14,32648,139],{},[52,32650,32652],{"className":54,"code":32651,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32653,32654,32680],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32655,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32657,17258],{"class":116},[61,32659,416],{"class":75},[61,32661,299],{"class":214},[61,32663,13104],{"class":218},[61,32665,299],{"class":214},[61,32667,83],{"class":75},[61,32669,452],{"class":79},[61,32671,83],{"class":75},[61,32673,308],{"class":214},[61,32675,16251],{"class":218},[61,32677,299],{"class":214},[61,32679,1474],{"class":75},[61,32681,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32683,4129],{"class":75},[61,32685,299],{"class":214},[61,32687,13104],{"class":218},[61,32689,299],{"class":214},[61,32691,83],{"class":75},[61,32693,452],{"class":79},[61,32695,83],{"class":75},[61,32697,308],{"class":214},[61,32699,16251],{"class":218},[61,32701,299],{"class":214},[61,32703,98],{"class":75},[14,32705,32706,32708],{},[18,32707,17292],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[47,32710,3911,32712,3914],{"id":32711},"what-values-does",[18,32713,17292],{},[34,32715,32716,32719,32722,32725],{},[37,32717,32718],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[37,32720,32721],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[37,32723,32724],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[37,32726,32727],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32729,32730,32731,26],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[334,32732,9613],{"href":9612},[47,32734,341],{"id":340},[52,32736,32738],{"className":54,"code":32737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32739,32740],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32741,32742,32744,32746,32748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32743,11670],{"class":67},[61,32745,26],{"class":75},[61,32747,974],{"class":116},[61,32749,628],{"class":75},[14,32751,13276],{},[34,32753,32754,32758,32761],{},[37,32755,32756,11686],{},[18,32757,17292],{},[37,32759,32760],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[37,32762,32763,32764],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32765,17292],{},[14,32767,32768,32769,4621,32774,26],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[334,32770,32771,32773],{"href":17283},[18,32772,17286],{}," for dictionary keys",[334,32775,32776,32778],{"href":17296},[18,32777,17299],{}," for key-value pairs",[47,32780,3911,32782,11927],{"id":32781},"what-values-returns",[18,32783,17292],{},[14,32785,32786,22195,32788,24985],{},[18,32787,17292],{},[18,32789,17258],{},[14,32791,32792,32793,32796],{},"This object is a ",[23,32794,32795],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32798,197],{},[52,32800,32802],{"className":54,"code":32801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32803,32804,32840,32844,32859,32870,32874,32896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32805,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32807,13426],{"class":67},[61,32809,72],{"class":71},[61,32811,1235],{"class":75},[61,32813,215],{"class":214},[61,32815,7899],{"class":218},[61,32817,215],{"class":214},[61,32819,378],{"class":75},[61,32821,226],{"class":214},[61,32823,8151],{"class":218},[61,32825,215],{"class":214},[61,32827,83],{"class":75},[61,32829,226],{"class":214},[61,32831,9521],{"class":218},[61,32833,215],{"class":214},[61,32835,378],{"class":75},[61,32837,9528],{"class":79},[61,32839,162],{"class":75},[61,32841,32842],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32843,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,32845,32846,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,32847,32848],{"class":67},"values_view ",[61,32850,72],{"class":71},[61,32852,13469],{"class":67},[61,32854,26],{"class":75},[61,32856,974],{"class":116},[61,32858,628],{"class":75},[61,32860,32861,32863,32865,32868],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,32862,127],{"class":126},[61,32864,113],{"class":75},[61,32866,32867],{"class":116},"values_view",[61,32869,120],{"class":75},[61,32871,32872],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,32873,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,32875,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,32877,17528],{"class":67},[61,32879,4129],{"class":75},[61,32881,215],{"class":214},[61,32883,10630],{"class":218},[61,32885,215],{"class":214},[61,32887,13495],{"class":75},[61,32889,13498],{"class":71},[61,32891,226],{"class":214},[61,32893,30863],{"class":218},[61,32895,1043],{"class":214},[61,32897,32898,32900,32902,32904],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,32899,127],{"class":126},[61,32901,113],{"class":75},[61,32903,32867],{"class":116},[61,32905,120],{"class":75},[14,32907,139],{},[52,32909,32911],{"className":54,"code":32910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32912,32913,32931],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32914,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32916,17258],{"class":116},[61,32918,416],{"class":75},[61,32920,299],{"class":214},[61,32922,8151],{"class":218},[61,32924,299],{"class":214},[61,32926,83],{"class":75},[61,32928,9528],{"class":79},[61,32930,1474],{"class":75},[61,32932,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,32934,17258],{"class":116},[61,32936,416],{"class":75},[61,32938,299],{"class":214},[61,32940,8151],{"class":218},[61,32942,299],{"class":214},[61,32944,83],{"class":75},[61,32946,9528],{"class":79},[61,32948,83],{"class":75},[61,32950,308],{"class":214},[61,32952,30863],{"class":218},[61,32954,299],{"class":214},[61,32956,1474],{"class":75},[14,32958,32959,32960,26],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32961,32962],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[52,32964,32966],{"className":54,"code":32965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32967,32968,33004,33023,33027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,32969,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,32971,13426],{"class":67},[61,32973,72],{"class":71},[61,32975,1235],{"class":75},[61,32977,215],{"class":214},[61,32979,7899],{"class":218},[61,32981,215],{"class":214},[61,32983,378],{"class":75},[61,32985,226],{"class":214},[61,32987,8151],{"class":218},[61,32989,215],{"class":214},[61,32991,83],{"class":75},[61,32993,226],{"class":214},[61,32995,9521],{"class":218},[61,32997,215],{"class":214},[61,32999,378],{"class":75},[61,33001,9528],{"class":79},[61,33003,162],{"class":75},[61,33005,33006,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33007,33008],{"class":67},"values_list ",[61,33010,72],{"class":71},[61,33012,22780],{"class":109},[61,33014,113],{"class":75},[61,33016,17528],{"class":116},[61,33018,26],{"class":75},[61,33020,974],{"class":116},[61,33022,7424],{"class":75},[61,33024,33025],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33026,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33028,33029,33031,33033,33036],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33030,127],{"class":126},[61,33032,113],{"class":75},[61,33034,33035],{"class":116},"values_list",[61,33037,120],{"class":75},[14,33039,139],{},[52,33041,33043],{"className":54,"code":33042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,33044,33045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33046,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33048,4129],{"class":75},[61,33050,299],{"class":214},[61,33052,8151],{"class":218},[61,33054,299],{"class":214},[61,33056,83],{"class":75},[61,33058,9528],{"class":79},[61,33060,98],{"class":75},[47,33062,11696],{"id":11695},[14,33064,33065],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[52,33067,33069],{"className":54,"code":33068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,33070,33071,33125,33129,33143,33147,33157],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33106,33108,33110,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33074,25016],{"class":67},[61,33076,72],{"class":71},[61,33078,1235],{"class":75},[61,33080,215],{"class":214},[61,33082,25025],{"class":218},[61,33084,215],{"class":214},[61,33086,378],{"class":75},[61,33088,226],{"class":214},[61,33090,25034],{"class":218},[61,33092,215],{"class":214},[61,33094,83],{"class":75},[61,33096,226],{"class":214},[61,33098,25043],{"class":218},[61,33100,215],{"class":214},[61,33102,378],{"class":75},[61,33104,33105],{"class":79}," 2022",[61,33107,83],{"class":75},[61,33109,226],{"class":214},[61,33111,33112],{"class":218},"color",[61,33114,215],{"class":214},[61,33116,378],{"class":75},[61,33118,226],{"class":214},[61,33120,229],{"class":218},[61,33122,215],{"class":214},[61,33124,162],{"class":75},[61,33126,33127],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33128,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33130,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33132,869],{"class":67},[61,33134,72],{"class":71},[61,33136,25065],{"class":67},[61,33138,26],{"class":75},[61,33140,974],{"class":116},[61,33142,628],{"class":75},[61,33144,33145],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33146,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33148,33149,33151,33153,33155],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,33150,127],{"class":126},[61,33152,113],{"class":75},[61,33154,892],{"class":116},[61,33156,120],{"class":75},[61,33158,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,33160,127],{"class":126},[61,33162,113],{"class":75},[61,33164,383],{"class":109},[61,33166,113],{"class":75},[61,33168,892],{"class":116},[61,33170,480],{"class":75},[14,33172,139],{},[52,33174,33176],{"className":54,"code":33175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33177,33178,33204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33179,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33181,17258],{"class":116},[61,33183,416],{"class":75},[61,33185,299],{"class":214},[61,33187,25034],{"class":218},[61,33189,299],{"class":214},[61,33191,83],{"class":75},[61,33193,33105],{"class":79},[61,33195,83],{"class":75},[61,33197,308],{"class":214},[61,33199,229],{"class":218},[61,33201,299],{"class":214},[61,33203,1474],{"class":75},[61,33205,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33207,4129],{"class":75},[61,33209,299],{"class":214},[61,33211,25034],{"class":218},[61,33213,299],{"class":214},[61,33215,83],{"class":75},[61,33217,33105],{"class":79},[61,33219,83],{"class":75},[61,33221,308],{"class":214},[61,33223,229],{"class":218},[61,33225,299],{"class":214},[61,33227,98],{"class":75},[14,33229,11905],{},[34,33231,33232,33238,33244,33252],{},[37,33233,33234,33237],{},[18,33235,33236],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[37,33239,33240,33243],{},[18,33241,33242],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[37,33245,33246,33249,33250,24838],{},[18,33247,33248],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33251,17258],{},[37,33253,33254,33257],{},[18,33255,33256],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[47,33259,33261],{"id":33260},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33263,33264,33265,26285],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33266,6186],{},[52,33268,33270],{"className":54,"code":33269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33271,33272,33316,33320,33336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33273,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33275,5292],{"class":67},[61,33277,72],{"class":71},[61,33279,1235],{"class":75},[61,33281,215],{"class":214},[61,33283,18636],{"class":218},[61,33285,215],{"class":214},[61,33287,378],{"class":75},[61,33289,20118],{"class":79},[61,33291,83],{"class":75},[61,33293,226],{"class":214},[61,33295,31373],{"class":218},[61,33297,215],{"class":214},[61,33299,378],{"class":75},[61,33301,13729],{"class":79},[61,33303,83],{"class":75},[61,33305,226],{"class":214},[61,33307,18645],{"class":218},[61,33309,215],{"class":214},[61,33311,378],{"class":75},[61,33313,29141],{"class":79},[61,33315,162],{"class":75},[61,33317,33318],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33319,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33321,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33323,6186],{"class":1490},[61,33325,21804],{"class":67},[61,33327,1433],{"class":1490},[61,33329,5339],{"class":67},[61,33331,26],{"class":75},[61,33333,974],{"class":116},[61,33335,21815],{"class":75},[61,33337,33338,33340,33342,33344],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33339,8299],{"class":126},[61,33341,113],{"class":75},[61,33343,1783],{"class":116},[61,33345,120],{"class":75},[14,33347,139],{},[52,33349,33351],{"className":54,"code":33350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33352,33353,33358,33363],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33354,33355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33356,33357],{"class":79},"90\n",[61,33359,33360],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33361,33362],{"class":79},"85\n",[61,33364,33365],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33366,33367],{"class":79},"88\n",[14,33369,17930],{},[34,33371,33372,33375,33378],{},[37,33373,33374],{},"You only need the values",[37,33376,33377],{},"You do not care about the keys",[37,33379,33380],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33382,33383,33384,1881,33388,26],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[334,33385,10957,33386,10961],{"href":17296},[18,33387,17299],{},[334,33389,22695],{"href":33390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[47,33392,33394],{"id":33393},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33396,165,33397,33399],{},[18,33398,32962],{}," when you need a list.",[52,33401,33403],{"className":54,"code":33402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33404,33405,33451,33455,33475,33479,33490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33406,33407,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33443,33445,33447,33449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33408,33409],{"class":67},"fruit_prices ",[61,33411,72],{"class":71},[61,33413,1235],{"class":75},[61,33415,215],{"class":214},[61,33417,2042],{"class":218},[61,33419,215],{"class":214},[61,33421,378],{"class":75},[61,33423,86],{"class":79},[61,33425,83],{"class":75},[61,33427,226],{"class":214},[61,33429,1040],{"class":218},[61,33431,215],{"class":214},[61,33433,378],{"class":75},[61,33435,587],{"class":79},[61,33437,83],{"class":75},[61,33439,226],{"class":214},[61,33441,33442],{"class":218},"orange",[61,33444,215],{"class":214},[61,33446,378],{"class":75},[61,33448,95],{"class":79},[61,33450,162],{"class":75},[61,33452,33453],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33454,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33456,33457,33460,33462,33464,33466,33469,33471,33473],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33458,33459],{"class":67},"price_list ",[61,33461,72],{"class":71},[61,33463,22780],{"class":109},[61,33465,113],{"class":75},[61,33467,33468],{"class":116},"fruit_prices",[61,33470,26],{"class":75},[61,33472,974],{"class":116},[61,33474,7424],{"class":75},[61,33476,33477],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33478,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33480,33481,33483,33485,33488],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,33482,127],{"class":126},[61,33484,113],{"class":75},[61,33486,33487],{"class":116},"price_list",[61,33489,120],{"class":75},[61,33491,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,33493,127],{"class":126},[61,33495,113],{"class":75},[61,33497,33487],{"class":116},[61,33499,4129],{"class":75},[61,33501,582],{"class":79},[61,33503,1474],{"class":75},[14,33505,139],{},[52,33507,33509],{"className":54,"code":33508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33510,33511,33527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33514,4129],{"class":75},[61,33516,2310],{"class":79},[61,33518,83],{"class":75},[61,33520,587],{"class":79},[61,33522,83],{"class":75},[61,33524,95],{"class":79},[61,33526,98],{"class":75},[61,33528,33529],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33530,17277],{"class":79},[14,33532,33533],{},"This is helpful for:",[34,33535,33536,33539,33542],{},[37,33537,33538],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[37,33540,33541],{},"Accessing values by index",[37,33543,33544],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33546,4154,33547,33549],{},[18,33548,17258],{}," is not the same as a list.",[47,33551,33553,10806,33555,10806,33557],{"id":33552},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33554,17292],{},[18,33556,17286],{},[18,33558,17299],{},[14,33560,33561],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[34,33563,33564,33569,33574],{},[37,33565,33566,33568],{},[18,33567,17292],{}," returns only the values",[37,33570,33571,33573],{},[18,33572,17286],{}," returns only the keys",[37,33575,33576,33578],{},[18,33577,17299],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33580,400],{},[52,33582,33584],{"className":54,"code":33583,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33585,33586,33622,33626,33640,33654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33587,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33589,13087],{"class":67},[61,33591,72],{"class":71},[61,33593,1235],{"class":75},[61,33595,215],{"class":214},[61,33597,7899],{"class":218},[61,33599,215],{"class":214},[61,33601,378],{"class":75},[61,33603,226],{"class":214},[61,33605,13104],{"class":218},[61,33607,215],{"class":214},[61,33609,83],{"class":75},[61,33611,226],{"class":214},[61,33613,9521],{"class":218},[61,33615,215],{"class":214},[61,33617,378],{"class":75},[61,33619,452],{"class":79},[61,33621,162],{"class":75},[61,33623,33624],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33625,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33627,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33629,127],{"class":126},[61,33631,113],{"class":75},[61,33633,13848],{"class":116},[61,33635,26],{"class":75},[61,33637,17144],{"class":116},[61,33639,7424],{"class":75},[61,33641,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33643,127],{"class":126},[61,33645,113],{"class":75},[61,33647,13848],{"class":116},[61,33649,26],{"class":75},[61,33651,974],{"class":116},[61,33653,7424],{"class":75},[61,33655,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,33657,127],{"class":126},[61,33659,113],{"class":75},[61,33661,13848],{"class":116},[61,33663,26],{"class":75},[61,33665,1267],{"class":116},[61,33667,7424],{"class":75},[14,33669,139],{},[52,33671,33673],{"className":54,"code":33672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33674,33675,33697,33715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33676,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33678,17235],{"class":116},[61,33680,416],{"class":75},[61,33682,299],{"class":214},[61,33684,7899],{"class":218},[61,33686,299],{"class":214},[61,33688,83],{"class":75},[61,33690,308],{"class":214},[61,33692,9521],{"class":218},[61,33694,299],{"class":214},[61,33696,1474],{"class":75},[61,33698,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33700,17258],{"class":116},[61,33702,416],{"class":75},[61,33704,299],{"class":214},[61,33706,13104],{"class":218},[61,33708,299],{"class":214},[61,33710,83],{"class":75},[61,33712,452],{"class":79},[61,33714,1474],{"class":75},[61,33716,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33718,22128],{"class":116},[61,33720,9879],{"class":75},[61,33722,299],{"class":214},[61,33724,7899],{"class":218},[61,33726,299],{"class":214},[61,33728,83],{"class":75},[61,33730,452],{"class":79},[61,33732,10899],{"class":75},[14,33734,18914],{},[34,33736,33737,33744,33751],{},[37,33738,33739,33743],{},[334,33740,33741],{"href":17283},[18,33742,17286],{}," when you need just the keys",[37,33745,33746,33750],{},[334,33747,33748],{"href":17289},[18,33749,17292],{}," when you need just the values",[37,33752,33753,33757],{},[334,33754,33755],{"href":17296},[18,33756,17299],{}," when you need both",[47,33759,4747],{"id":4746},[14,33761,33762,33763,26],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33764,17292],{},[819,33766,29871,33768,33770],{"id":33767},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33769,17292],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33772,33773,33775],{},[18,33774,17292],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33777,16864],{},[52,33779,33781],{"className":54,"code":33780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33782,33783,33803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33784,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33786,8538],{"class":67},[61,33788,72],{"class":71},[61,33790,76],{"class":75},[61,33792,80],{"class":79},[61,33794,83],{"class":75},[61,33796,86],{"class":79},[61,33798,83],{"class":75},[61,33800,95],{"class":79},[61,33802,98],{"class":75},[61,33804,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33806,127],{"class":126},[61,33808,113],{"class":75},[61,33810,8569],{"class":116},[61,33812,26],{"class":75},[61,33814,974],{"class":116},[61,33816,7424],{"class":75},[14,33818,33819,33820,33822],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33821,17292],{}," method.",[14,33824,33825],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[52,33827,33829],{"className":54,"code":33828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33830,33831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33832,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33834,127],{"class":126},[61,33836,113],{"class":75},[61,33838,648],{"class":109},[61,33840,113],{"class":75},[61,33842,8569],{"class":116},[61,33844,480],{"class":75},[14,33846,33847,33848,33850,33851,26],{},"If you get an ",[18,33849,25892],{},", see ",[334,33852,25900,33853,33855],{"href":25899},[18,33854,25903],{}," errors",[819,33857,4808,33859,33861],{"id":33858},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33860,17292],{}," returns a list",[14,33863,33864],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[52,33866,33868],{"className":54,"code":33867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33869,33870,33906,33920,33924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33871,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33873,13087],{"class":67},[61,33875,72],{"class":71},[61,33877,1235],{"class":75},[61,33879,215],{"class":214},[61,33881,7899],{"class":218},[61,33883,215],{"class":214},[61,33885,378],{"class":75},[61,33887,226],{"class":214},[61,33889,13104],{"class":218},[61,33891,215],{"class":214},[61,33893,83],{"class":75},[61,33895,226],{"class":214},[61,33897,9521],{"class":218},[61,33899,215],{"class":214},[61,33901,378],{"class":75},[61,33903,452],{"class":79},[61,33905,162],{"class":75},[61,33907,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,33909,937],{"class":67},[61,33911,72],{"class":71},[61,33913,13130],{"class":67},[61,33915,26],{"class":75},[61,33917,974],{"class":116},[61,33919,628],{"class":75},[61,33921,33922],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,33923,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,33925,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,33927,127],{"class":126},[61,33929,113],{"class":75},[61,33931,648],{"class":109},[61,33933,113],{"class":75},[61,33935,974],{"class":116},[61,33937,480],{"class":75},[14,33939,139],{},[52,33941,33943],{"className":54,"code":33942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33944,33945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33946,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33948,672],{"class":71},[61,33950,676],{"class":675},[61,33952,308],{"class":214},[61,33954,17258],{"class":218},[61,33956,299],{"class":214},[61,33958,685],{"class":71},[14,33960,5377,33961,33963],{},[18,33962,17258],{},", not a list.",[14,33965,33966],{},"If you need a list:",[52,33968,33970],{"className":54,"code":33969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33971,33972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,33973,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,33975,937],{"class":67},[61,33977,72],{"class":71},[61,33979,22780],{"class":109},[61,33981,113],{"class":75},[61,33983,13848],{"class":116},[61,33985,26],{"class":75},[61,33987,974],{"class":116},[61,33989,7424],{"class":75},[819,33991,33993,33994],{"id":33992},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33995,17258],{},[14,33997,33998],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[52,34000,34002],{"className":54,"code":34001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,34003,34004,34040,34054,34058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34005,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34007,13087],{"class":67},[61,34009,72],{"class":71},[61,34011,1235],{"class":75},[61,34013,215],{"class":214},[61,34015,7899],{"class":218},[61,34017,215],{"class":214},[61,34019,378],{"class":75},[61,34021,226],{"class":214},[61,34023,13104],{"class":218},[61,34025,215],{"class":214},[61,34027,83],{"class":75},[61,34029,226],{"class":214},[61,34031,9521],{"class":218},[61,34033,215],{"class":214},[61,34035,378],{"class":75},[61,34037,452],{"class":79},[61,34039,162],{"class":75},[61,34041,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34043,937],{"class":67},[61,34045,72],{"class":71},[61,34047,13130],{"class":67},[61,34049,26],{"class":75},[61,34051,974],{"class":116},[61,34053,628],{"class":75},[61,34055,34056],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34057,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,34059,34060],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,34061,34062],{"class":3896},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34064,34065],{},"Convert to a list first:",[52,34067,34069],{"className":54,"code":34068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,34070,34071,34107,34125,34129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34072,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34074,13087],{"class":67},[61,34076,72],{"class":71},[61,34078,1235],{"class":75},[61,34080,215],{"class":214},[61,34082,7899],{"class":218},[61,34084,215],{"class":214},[61,34086,378],{"class":75},[61,34088,226],{"class":214},[61,34090,13104],{"class":218},[61,34092,215],{"class":214},[61,34094,83],{"class":75},[61,34096,226],{"class":214},[61,34098,9521],{"class":218},[61,34100,215],{"class":214},[61,34102,378],{"class":75},[61,34104,452],{"class":79},[61,34106,162],{"class":75},[61,34108,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34110,937],{"class":67},[61,34112,72],{"class":71},[61,34114,22780],{"class":109},[61,34116,113],{"class":75},[61,34118,13848],{"class":116},[61,34120,26],{"class":75},[61,34122,974],{"class":116},[61,34124,7424],{"class":75},[61,34126,34127],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34128,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,34130,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,34132,127],{"class":126},[61,34134,113],{"class":75},[61,34136,974],{"class":116},[61,34138,4129],{"class":75},[61,34140,582],{"class":79},[61,34142,1474],{"class":75},[819,34144,1750,34146,11313,34148],{"id":34145},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,34147,974],{},[18,34149,17292],{},[14,34151,34152],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[52,34154,34156],{"className":54,"code":34155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,34157,34158,34194,34198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34159,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34161,13087],{"class":67},[61,34163,72],{"class":71},[61,34165,1235],{"class":75},[61,34167,215],{"class":214},[61,34169,7899],{"class":218},[61,34171,215],{"class":214},[61,34173,378],{"class":75},[61,34175,226],{"class":214},[61,34177,13104],{"class":218},[61,34179,215],{"class":214},[61,34181,83],{"class":75},[61,34183,226],{"class":214},[61,34185,9521],{"class":218},[61,34187,215],{"class":214},[61,34189,378],{"class":75},[61,34191,452],{"class":79},[61,34193,162],{"class":75},[61,34195,34196],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34197,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,34199,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34201,127],{"class":126},[61,34203,113],{"class":75},[61,34205,13848],{"class":116},[61,34207,26],{"class":75},[61,34209,974],{"class":24971},[61,34211,120],{"class":75},[14,34213,34214,34217],{},[18,34215,34216],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34219,18914],{},[52,34221,34223],{"className":54,"code":34222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34224,34225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34226,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34228,127],{"class":126},[61,34230,113],{"class":75},[61,34232,13848],{"class":116},[61,34234,26],{"class":75},[61,34236,974],{"class":116},[61,34238,7424],{"class":75},[819,34240,34242],{"id":34241},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34244,34245],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[52,34247,34249],{"className":54,"code":34248,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34250,34251,34283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34252,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34254,9390],{"class":67},[61,34256,72],{"class":71},[61,34258,1235],{"class":75},[61,34260,215],{"class":214},[61,34262,334],{"class":218},[61,34264,215],{"class":214},[61,34266,378],{"class":75},[61,34268,587],{"class":79},[61,34270,83],{"class":75},[61,34272,226],{"class":214},[61,34274,765],{"class":218},[61,34276,215],{"class":214},[61,34278,378],{"class":75},[61,34280,86],{"class":79},[61,34282,162],{"class":75},[61,34284,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34286,127],{"class":126},[61,34288,113],{"class":75},[61,34290,9429],{"class":116},[61,34292,26],{"class":75},[61,34294,974],{"class":116},[61,34296,7424],{"class":75},[14,34298,34299],{},"Not like this:",[52,34301,34303],{"className":54,"code":34302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34304,34305,34310,34315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34306,34307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34308,34309],{"class":3896},"# Wrong examples:\n",[61,34311,34312],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34313,34314],{"class":3896},"# data().values()\n",[61,34316,34317],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34318,34319],{"class":3896},"# values(data)\n",[14,34321,3572],{},[52,34323,34325],{"className":54,"code":34324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34326,34327,34341,34351,34365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34328,34329,34331,34333,34335,34337,34339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34330,127],{"class":126},[61,34332,113],{"class":75},[61,34334,648],{"class":109},[61,34336,113],{"class":75},[61,34338,11670],{"class":116},[61,34340,480],{"class":75},[61,34342,34343,34345,34347,34349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34344,127],{"class":126},[61,34346,113],{"class":75},[61,34348,11670],{"class":116},[61,34350,120],{"class":75},[61,34352,34353,34355,34357,34359,34361,34363],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34354,127],{"class":126},[61,34356,113],{"class":75},[61,34358,11670],{"class":116},[61,34360,26],{"class":75},[61,34362,974],{"class":116},[61,34364,7424],{"class":75},[61,34366,34367,34369,34371,34373,34375,34377,34379,34381],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,34368,127],{"class":126},[61,34370,113],{"class":75},[61,34372,383],{"class":109},[61,34374,113],{"class":75},[61,34376,11670],{"class":116},[61,34378,26],{"class":75},[61,34380,974],{"class":116},[61,34382,6517],{"class":75},[47,34384,1987],{"id":1986},[819,34386,5371,34388,5374],{"id":34387},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34389,32541],{},[14,34391,17643,34392,34394],{},[18,34393,17258],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[819,34396,12927,34398,24152],{"id":34397},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34399,17292],{},[14,34401,24155,34402,24159],{},[18,34403,34404],{},"list(...)",[819,34406,26277,34408,2735],{"id":34407},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34409,32541],{},[14,34411,34412,34413,26285],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34414,6186],{},[819,34416,12927,34418,34420],{"id":34417},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34419,32541],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34422,34423],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[819,34425,34427,34428,34430,34431,2735],{"id":34426},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34429,17292],{}," different from ",[18,34432,17299],{},[14,34434,34435,34437,34438,34440],{},[18,34436,17292],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34439,17299],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[47,34442,2144],{"id":2143},[34,34444,34445,34451,34457,34461,34467,34471],{},[37,34446,34447],{},[334,34448,10957,34449,10961],{"href":17283},[18,34450,17286],{},[37,34452,34453],{},[334,34454,10957,34455,10961],{"href":17296},[18,34456,17299],{},[37,34458,34459],{},[334,34460,11462],{"href":9612},[37,34462,34463],{},[334,34464,34466],{"href":34465},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[37,34468,34469],{},[334,34470,24237],{"href":33390},[37,34472,34473],{},[334,34474,30568,34475],{"href":25899},[18,34476,34477],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2169,34479,34480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":34482},[34483,34484,34486,34487,34489,34490,34491,34492,34494,34505,34517],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":32711,"depth":101,"text":34485},"What values() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":32781,"depth":101,"text":34488},"What values() returns",{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":33260,"depth":101,"text":33261},{"id":33393,"depth":101,"text":33394},{"id":33552,"depth":101,"text":34493},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":34495},[34496,34498,34500,34502,34504],{"id":33767,"depth":123,"text":34497},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33858,"depth":123,"text":34499},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33992,"depth":123,"text":34501},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34145,"depth":123,"text":34503},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34241,"depth":123,"text":34242},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":34506},[34507,34509,34511,34513,34515],{"id":34387,"depth":123,"text":34508},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34397,"depth":123,"text":34510},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34407,"depth":123,"text":34512},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34417,"depth":123,"text":34514},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34426,"depth":123,"text":34516},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32528,"description":34518},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34524,"title":34525,"body":34526,"description":35954,"extension":2216,"meta":35955,"navigation":271,"path":35956,"seo":35957,"stem":35958,"__hash__":35959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34527,"toc":35906},[34528,34534,34539,34542,34558,34567,34569,34601,34607,34610,34705,34708,34713,34718,34721,34732,34734,34748,34754,34756,34761,34767,34770,34809,34817,34822,34825,34870,34873,34885,34891,34897,34901,34932,34935,34953,34956,34960,34999,35001,35021,35024,35036,35041,35047,35050,35105,35108,35119,35122,35133,35136,35140,35146,35148,35178,35181,35196,35199,35202,35221,35224,35240,35249,35251,35282,35288,35293,35296,35303,35334,35337,35359,35362,35365,35379,35383,35414,35429,35436,35443,35447,35455,35459,35467,35470,35519,35530,35532,35535,35541,35546,35556,35560,35563,35566,35570,35573,35575,35596,35600,35606,35617,35623,35625,35630,35654,35657,35720,35723,35751,35754,35816,35818,35823,35826,35833,35841,35848,35851,35859,35865,35867,35894,35903],[10,34529,3808,34531,3812],{"id":34530},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34532,34533],{},"dir()",[14,34535,32538,34536,34538],{},[18,34537,34533],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34540,34541],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[34,34543,34544,34547,34550,34555],{},[37,34545,34546],{},"learning Python",[37,34548,34549],{},"exploring a new object",[37,34551,34552,34553],{},"debugging an ",[18,34554,25892],{},[37,34556,34557],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34559,34560,34561,34563,34564],{},"In short, ",[18,34562,34533],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[23,34565,34566],{},"“What can I use here?”",[47,34568,50],{"id":49},[52,34570,34572],{"className":54,"code":34571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34573,34574,34586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34575,34576,34578,34580,34582,34584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34577,8106],{"class":67},[61,34579,72],{"class":71},[61,34581,226],{"class":214},[61,34583,475],{"class":218},[61,34585,1043],{"class":214},[61,34587,34588,34590,34592,34595,34597,34599],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34589,127],{"class":126},[61,34591,113],{"class":75},[61,34593,34594],{"class":126},"dir",[61,34596,113],{"class":75},[61,34598,7899],{"class":116},[61,34600,480],{"class":75},[14,34602,165,34603,34606],{},[18,34604,34605],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34608,34609],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[52,34611,34613],{"className":54,"code":34612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34614,34615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34616,34617,34619,34621,34624,34626,34628,34630,34633,34635,34637,34639,34642,34644,34646,34648,34651,34653,34655,34657,34660,34662,34664,34666,34669,34671,34673,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689,34692,34694,34696,34698,34701,34703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34618,4129],{"class":75},[61,34620,299],{"class":214},[61,34622,34623],{"class":218},"__add__",[61,34625,299],{"class":214},[61,34627,83],{"class":75},[61,34629,308],{"class":214},[61,34631,34632],{"class":218},"__class__",[61,34634,299],{"class":214},[61,34636,83],{"class":75},[61,34638,308],{"class":214},[61,34640,34641],{"class":218},"__contains__",[61,34643,299],{"class":214},[61,34645,83],{"class":75},[61,34647,308],{"class":214},[61,34649,34650],{"class":218},"__delattr__",[61,34652,299],{"class":214},[61,34654,83],{"class":75},[61,34656,308],{"class":214},[61,34658,34659],{"class":218},"__dir__",[61,34661,299],{"class":214},[61,34663,83],{"class":75},[61,34665,308],{"class":214},[61,34667,34668],{"class":218},"__doc__",[61,34670,299],{"class":214},[61,34672,83],{"class":75},[61,34674,34676],{"class":34675},"s_hVV"," ...",[61,34678,83],{"class":75},[61,34680,308],{"class":214},[61,34682,8870],{"class":218},[61,34684,299],{"class":214},[61,34686,83],{"class":75},[61,34688,308],{"class":214},[61,34690,34691],{"class":218},"split",[61,34693,299],{"class":214},[61,34695,83],{"class":75},[61,34697,308],{"class":214},[61,34699,34700],{"class":218},"upper",[61,34702,299],{"class":214},[61,34704,98],{"class":75},[14,34706,34707],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[47,34709,3911,34711,3914],{"id":34710},"what-dir-does",[18,34712,34533],{},[14,34714,34715,34717],{},[18,34716,34533],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34719,34720],{},"It usually includes:",[34,34722,34723,34726,34729],{},[37,34724,34725],{},"attributes",[37,34727,34728],{},"methods",[37,34730,34731],{},"special Python names",[14,34733,11679],{},[34,34735,34736,34742,34745],{},[37,34737,34738,34739],{},"The result is a ",[23,34740,34741],{},"list of strings",[37,34743,34744],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[37,34746,34747],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34749,34750,34751,34753],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34752,34533],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[47,34755,341],{"id":340},[14,34757,34758,34760],{},[18,34759,34533],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[819,34762,34764,34766],{"id":34763},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34765,34533],{}," with no argument",[14,34768,34769],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[52,34771,34773],{"className":54,"code":34772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34774,34775,34783,34795,34799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34776,34777,34779,34781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34778,3260],{"class":67},[61,34780,72],{"class":71},[61,34782,2828],{"class":79},[61,34784,34785,34787,34789,34791,34793],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34786,8106],{"class":67},[61,34788,72],{"class":71},[61,34790,226],{"class":214},[61,34792,7908],{"class":218},[61,34794,1043],{"class":214},[61,34796,34797],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,34798,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,34800,34801,34803,34805,34807],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,34802,127],{"class":126},[61,34804,113],{"class":75},[61,34806,34594],{"class":126},[61,34808,7424],{"class":75},[14,34810,34811,34812,4621,34814,34816],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34813,2422],{},[18,34815,7899],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[819,34818,34820],{"id":34819},"dirobject",[18,34821,34605],{},[14,34823,34824],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[52,34826,34828],{"className":54,"code":34827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34829,34830,34848],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34831,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34833,127],{"class":126},[61,34835,113],{"class":75},[61,34837,34594],{"class":126},[61,34839,113],{"class":75},[61,34841,215],{"class":214},[61,34843,475],{"class":218},[61,34845,215],{"class":214},[61,34847,480],{"class":75},[61,34849,34850,34852,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866,34868],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34851,127],{"class":126},[61,34853,113],{"class":75},[61,34855,34594],{"class":126},[61,34857,416],{"class":75},[61,34859,80],{"class":79},[61,34861,83],{"class":75},[61,34863,86],{"class":79},[61,34865,83],{"class":75},[61,34867,95],{"class":79},[61,34869,433],{"class":75},[14,34871,34872],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[34,34874,34875,34877,34879,34882],{},[37,34876,5538],{},[37,34878,5529],{},[37,34880,34881],{},"modules",[37,34883,34884],{},"custom objects",[47,34886,1750,34888,34890],{"id":34887},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34889,34533],{}," with a value",[14,34892,34893,34894,34896],{},"A common use of ",[18,34895,34533],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[819,34898,34900],{"id":34899},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[52,34902,34904],{"className":54,"code":34903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34905,34906,34918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34907,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34909,1033],{"class":67},[61,34911,72],{"class":71},[61,34913,226],{"class":214},[61,34915,475],{"class":218},[61,34917,1043],{"class":214},[61,34919,34920,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34921,127],{"class":126},[61,34923,113],{"class":75},[61,34925,34594],{"class":126},[61,34927,113],{"class":75},[61,34929,1056],{"class":116},[61,34931,480],{"class":75},[14,34933,34934],{},"You will see method names like:",[34,34936,34937,34941,34945,34949],{},[37,34938,34939],{},[18,34940,8870],{},[37,34942,34943],{},[18,34944,34700],{},[37,34946,34947],{},[18,34948,34691],{},[37,34950,34951],{},[18,34952,8864],{},[14,34954,34955],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[819,34957,34959],{"id":34958},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[52,34961,34963],{"className":54,"code":34962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34964,34965,34985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,34966,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975,34977,34979,34981,34983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,34968,68],{"class":67},[61,34970,72],{"class":71},[61,34972,76],{"class":75},[61,34974,80],{"class":79},[61,34976,83],{"class":75},[61,34978,86],{"class":79},[61,34980,83],{"class":75},[61,34982,95],{"class":79},[61,34984,98],{"class":75},[61,34986,34987,34989,34991,34993,34995,34997],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,34988,127],{"class":126},[61,34990,113],{"class":75},[61,34992,34594],{"class":126},[61,34994,113],{"class":75},[61,34996,117],{"class":116},[61,34998,480],{"class":75},[14,35000,34934],{},[34,35002,35003,35007,35011,35016],{},[37,35004,35005],{},[18,35006,13775],{},[37,35008,35009],{},[18,35010,26462],{},[37,35012,35013],{},[18,35014,35015],{},"remove",[37,35017,35018],{},[18,35019,35020],{},"sort",[14,35022,35023],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35025,35026,35027,35032,35033,35035],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[334,35028,35030],{"href":35029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,35031,2547],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,35034,34533],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[47,35037,1750,35039,34766],{"id":35038},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,35040,34533],{},[14,35042,35043,35044,35046],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,35045,34533],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35048,35049],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[52,35051,35053],{"className":54,"code":35052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,35054,35055,35064,35068,35079,35091,35095],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35056,35057,35059,35061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35058,3260],{"class":67},[61,35060,72],{"class":71},[61,35062,35063],{"class":79}," 5\n",[61,35065,35066],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35067,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35069,35070,35073,35077],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35071,35072],{"class":675},"def",[61,35074,35076],{"class":35075},"sGLFI"," greet",[61,35078,21815],{"class":75},[61,35080,35081,35084,35086,35089],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,35082,35083],{"class":1490},"    return",[61,35085,226],{"class":214},[61,35087,35088],{"class":218},"Hello",[61,35090,1043],{"class":214},[61,35092,35093],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,35094,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35096,35097,35099,35101,35103],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,35098,127],{"class":126},[61,35100,113],{"class":75},[61,35102,34594],{"class":126},[61,35104,7424],{"class":75},[14,35106,35107],{},"The output will include names like:",[34,35109,35110,35114],{},[37,35111,35112],{},[18,35113,2422],{},[37,35115,35116],{},[18,35117,35118],{},"greet",[14,35120,35121],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[34,35123,35124,35127,35130],{},[37,35125,35126],{},"what variables exist",[37,35128,35129],{},"what functions you have defined",[37,35131,35132],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35134,35135],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[47,35137,35139],{"id":35138},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35141,35142,35143,35145],{},"When you first use ",[18,35144,34533],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35147,197],{},[52,35149,35150],{"className":54,"code":34903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,35151,35152,35164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35153,35154,35156,35158,35160,35162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35155,1033],{"class":67},[61,35157,72],{"class":71},[61,35159,226],{"class":214},[61,35161,475],{"class":218},[61,35163,1043],{"class":214},[61,35165,35166,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35167,127],{"class":126},[61,35169,113],{"class":75},[61,35171,34594],{"class":126},[61,35173,113],{"class":75},[61,35175,1056],{"class":116},[61,35177,480],{"class":75},[14,35179,35180],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[34,35182,35183,35187,35191],{},[37,35184,35185],{},[18,35186,34632],{},[37,35188,35189],{},[18,35190,34668],{},[37,35192,35193],{},[18,35194,35195],{},"__len__",[14,35197,35198],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35200,35201],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[34,35203,35204,35208,35212,35216],{},[37,35205,35206],{},[18,35207,34700],{},[37,35209,35210],{},[18,35211,8870],{},[37,35213,35214],{},[18,35215,34691],{},[37,35217,35218],{},[18,35219,35220],{},"replace",[14,35222,35223],{},"A key point to remember:",[34,35225,35226,35234],{},[37,35227,35228,35230,35231],{},[18,35229,34533],{}," lists ",[23,35232,35233],{},"names only",[37,35235,35236,35237,35239],{},"it does ",[23,35238,704],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35241,35242,35243,26],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[334,35244,35246],{"href":35245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35247,35248],{},"help()",[14,35250,5701],{},[52,35252,35254],{"className":54,"code":35253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35255,35256,35268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35257,35258,35260,35262,35264,35266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35259,8106],{"class":67},[61,35261,72],{"class":71},[61,35263,226],{"class":214},[61,35265,475],{"class":218},[61,35267,1043],{"class":214},[61,35269,35270,35272,35274,35276,35278,35280],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35271,32373],{"class":126},[61,35273,113],{"class":75},[61,35275,7899],{"class":116},[61,35277,26],{"class":75},[61,35279,34700],{"class":24971},[61,35281,120],{"class":75},[47,35283,35285,35287],{"id":35284},"dir-on-modules",[18,35286,34533],{}," on modules",[14,35289,15934,35290,35292],{},[18,35291,34533],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35294,35295],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[819,35297,35299,35300,35302],{"id":35298},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35301,18636],{}," module",[52,35304,35306],{"className":54,"code":35305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35307,35308,35316,35320],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35309,35310,35313],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35311,35312],{"class":1490},"import",[61,35314,35315],{"class":67}," math\n",[61,35317,35318],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35319,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35321,35322,35324,35326,35328,35330,35332],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35323,127],{"class":126},[61,35325,113],{"class":75},[61,35327,34594],{"class":126},[61,35329,113],{"class":75},[61,35331,18636],{"class":116},[61,35333,480],{"class":75},[14,35335,35336],{},"You may see names like:",[34,35338,35339,35344,35349,35354],{},[37,35340,35341],{},[18,35342,35343],{},"sqrt",[37,35345,35346],{},[18,35347,35348],{},"ceil",[37,35350,35351],{},[18,35352,35353],{},"floor",[37,35355,35356],{},[18,35357,35358],{},"pi",[14,35360,35361],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35363,35364],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[34,35366,35367,35373],{},[37,35368,35369],{},[334,35370,35372],{"href":35371},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[37,35374,35375],{},[334,35376,35378],{"href":35377},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[819,35380,35382],{"id":35381},"another-example","Another example",[52,35384,35386],{"className":54,"code":35385,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35387,35388,35395,35399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35389,35390,35392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35391,35312],{"class":1490},[61,35393,35394],{"class":67}," json\n",[61,35396,35397],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35398,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35400,35401,35403,35405,35407,35409,35412],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35402,127],{"class":126},[61,35404,113],{"class":75},[61,35406,34594],{"class":126},[61,35408,113],{"class":75},[61,35410,35411],{"class":116},"json",[61,35413,480],{"class":75},[14,35415,35416,35417,2437,35420,2437,35423,17293,35426,26],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35418,35419],{},"dump",[18,35421,35422],{},"dumps",[18,35424,35425],{},"load",[18,35427,35428],{},"loads",[47,35430,35432,10806,35434],{"id":35431},"dir-vs-help",[18,35433,34533],{},[18,35435,35248],{},[14,35437,35438,4621,35440,35442],{},[18,35439,34533],{},[18,35441,35248],{}," are often used together.",[819,35444,35445],{"id":34594},[18,35446,34533],{},[34,35448,35449,35452],{},[37,35450,35451],{},"shows available names",[37,35453,35454],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[819,35456,35457],{"id":32373},[18,35458,35248],{},[34,35460,35461,35464],{},[37,35462,35463],{},"explains what an object or function does",[37,35465,35466],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35468,35469],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[52,35471,35473],{"className":54,"code":35472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35474,35475,35487,35491,35505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35476,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35478,8106],{"class":67},[61,35480,72],{"class":71},[61,35482,226],{"class":214},[61,35484,475],{"class":218},[61,35486,1043],{"class":214},[61,35488,35489],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35490,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35492,35493,35495,35497,35499,35501,35503],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35494,127],{"class":126},[61,35496,113],{"class":75},[61,35498,34594],{"class":126},[61,35500,113],{"class":75},[61,35502,7899],{"class":116},[61,35504,480],{"class":75},[61,35506,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,35508,32373],{"class":126},[61,35510,113],{"class":75},[61,35512,7899],{"class":116},[61,35514,26],{"class":75},[61,35516,34700],{"class":24971},[61,35518,120],{"class":75},[14,35520,165,35521,35523,35524,35526,35527,35529],{},[18,35522,34533],{}," first to find a method name.",[10067,35525],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35528,35248],{}," to understand how to use it.",[47,35531,25578],{"id":25577},[14,35533,35534],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[819,35536,35538,35540],{"id":35537},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35539,34533],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35542,35543,35545],{},[18,35544,34533],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35547,35548,35549,35551,35552,35555],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35550,34700],{}," in ",[18,35553,35554],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[819,35557,35559],{"id":35558},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35561,35562],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35564,35565],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[819,35567,35569],{"id":35568},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35571,35572],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35574,5701],{},[34,35576,35577,35582,35588],{},[37,35578,35579,35581],{},[18,35580,35554],{}," shows string-related names",[37,35583,35584,35587],{},[18,35585,35586],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[37,35589,35590,35593,35594,35302],{},[18,35591,35592],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35595,18636],{},[819,35597,35599],{"id":35598},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35601,35602,35603,35605],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35604,34533],{}," does not mean you already know:",[34,35607,35608,35611,35614],{},[37,35609,35610],{},"what it does",[37,35612,35613],{},"what arguments it needs",[37,35615,35616],{},"what it returns",[14,35618,35619,35620,35622],{},"That is why ",[18,35621,35248],{}," is the natural next step.",[47,35624,1741],{"id":1740},[14,35626,29,35627,35629],{},[18,35628,34533],{}," in these situations:",[34,35631,35632,35635,35644,35647],{},[37,35633,35634],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[37,35636,35637,35638,35643],{},"Seeing an ",[334,35639,35641],{"href":35640},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35642,25892],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[37,35645,35646],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[37,35648,1750,35649,35651,35652],{},[18,35650,34533],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35653,35248],{},[14,35655,35656],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[52,35658,35660],{"className":54,"code":35659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35661,35662,35674,35678,35692,35706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35663,35664,35666,35668,35670,35672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35665,8106],{"class":67},[61,35667,72],{"class":71},[61,35669,226],{"class":214},[61,35671,475],{"class":218},[61,35673,1043],{"class":214},[61,35675,35676],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35677,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35679,35680,35682,35684,35686,35688,35690],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35681,127],{"class":126},[61,35683,113],{"class":75},[61,35685,648],{"class":109},[61,35687,113],{"class":75},[61,35689,7899],{"class":116},[61,35691,480],{"class":75},[61,35693,35694,35696,35698,35700,35702,35704],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,35695,127],{"class":126},[61,35697,113],{"class":75},[61,35699,34594],{"class":126},[61,35701,113],{"class":75},[61,35703,7899],{"class":116},[61,35705,480],{"class":75},[61,35707,35708,35710,35712,35714,35716,35718],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,35709,32373],{"class":126},[61,35711,113],{"class":75},[61,35713,7899],{"class":116},[61,35715,26],{"class":75},[61,35717,34700],{"class":24971},[61,35719,120],{"class":75},[14,35721,35722],{},"And for modules:",[52,35724,35725],{"className":54,"code":35305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,35726,35727,35733,35737],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35728,35729,35731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35730,35312],{"class":1490},[61,35732,35315],{"class":67},[61,35734,35735],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35736,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,35738,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35740,127],{"class":126},[61,35742,113],{"class":75},[61,35744,34594],{"class":126},[61,35746,113],{"class":75},[61,35748,18636],{"class":116},[61,35750,480],{"class":75},[14,35752,35753],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[52,35755,35757],{"className":54,"code":35756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35758,35759,35764,35776,35786,35800,35806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,35760,35761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,35762,35763],{"class":67},"python\n",[61,35765,35766,35768,35770,35772,35774],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,35767,8106],{"class":67},[61,35769,72],{"class":71},[61,35771,226],{"class":214},[61,35773,475],{"class":218},[61,35775,1043],{"class":214},[61,35777,35778,35780,35782,35784],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,35779,34594],{"class":126},[61,35781,113],{"class":75},[61,35783,7899],{"class":116},[61,35785,120],{"class":75},[61,35787,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,35789,32373],{"class":126},[61,35791,113],{"class":75},[61,35793,7899],{"class":116},[61,35795,26],{"class":75},[61,35797,34700],{"class":24971},[61,35799,120],{"class":75},[61,35801,35802,35804],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,35803,35312],{"class":1490},[61,35805,35315],{"class":67},[61,35807,35808,35810,35812,35814],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,35809,34594],{"class":126},[61,35811,113],{"class":75},[61,35813,18636],{"class":116},[61,35815,120],{"class":75},[47,35817,1987],{"id":1986},[819,35819,5371,35821,5374],{"id":35820},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35822,34533],{},[14,35824,35825],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[819,35827,5408,35829,4621,35831,2735],{"id":35828},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35830,34533],{},[18,35832,35248],{},[14,35834,35835,35837,35838,35840],{},[18,35836,34533],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35839,35248],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[819,35842,35844,35845,35847],{"id":35843},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35846,34533],{}," output?",[14,35849,35850],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[819,35852,5398,35854,35856,35857,2735],{"id":35853},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35855,34533],{}," help fix ",[18,35858,25892],{},[14,35860,35861,35862,26],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[334,35863,35864],{"href":35640},"object has no attribute",[47,35866,2144],{"id":2143},[34,35868,35869,35875,35880,35884,35888],{},[37,35870,35871],{},[334,35872,3808,35873,3741],{"href":35245},[18,35874,35248],{},[37,35876,35877],{},[334,35878,35879],{"href":35640},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[37,35881,35882],{},[334,35883,35372],{"href":35371},[37,35885,35886],{},[334,35887,35378],{"href":35377},[37,35889,35890],{},[334,35891,3808,35892,3741],{"href":35029},[18,35893,2547],{},[14,35895,35896,35897,35899,35900,35902],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35898,34533],{}," together with ",[18,35901,35248],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2169,35904,35905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":35907},[35908,35909,35911,35916,35921,35923,35924,35930,35935,35942,35943,35953],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":34710,"depth":101,"text":35910},"What dir() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":35912},[35913,35915],{"id":34763,"depth":123,"text":35914},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34819,"depth":123,"text":34605},{"id":34887,"depth":101,"text":35917,"children":35918},"Using dir() with a value",[35919,35920],{"id":34899,"depth":123,"text":34900},{"id":34958,"depth":123,"text":34959},{"id":35038,"depth":101,"text":35922},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35138,"depth":101,"text":35139},{"id":35284,"depth":101,"text":35925,"children":35926},"dir() on modules",[35927,35929],{"id":35298,"depth":123,"text":35928},"Example: math module",{"id":35381,"depth":123,"text":35382},{"id":35431,"depth":101,"text":35931,"children":35932},"dir() vs help()",[35933,35934],{"id":34594,"depth":123,"text":34533},{"id":32373,"depth":123,"text":35248},{"id":25577,"depth":101,"text":25578,"children":35936},[35937,35939,35940,35941],{"id":35537,"depth":123,"text":35938},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35558,"depth":123,"text":35559},{"id":35568,"depth":123,"text":35569},{"id":35598,"depth":123,"text":35599},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":35944},[35945,35947,35949,35951],{"id":35820,"depth":123,"text":35946},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35828,"depth":123,"text":35948},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35843,"depth":123,"text":35950},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35853,"depth":123,"text":35952},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34525,"description":35954},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35961,"title":35962,"body":35963,"description":37781,"extension":2216,"meta":37782,"navigation":271,"path":37783,"seo":37784,"stem":37785,"__hash__":37786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35964,"toc":37750},[35965,35971,35976,35979,35987,35993,35995,36075,36077,36103,36108,36113,36118,36121,36132,36135,36137,36216,36218,36244,36251,36253,36255,36280,36283,36296,36301,36303,36384,36386,36412,36420,36425,36433,36439,36446,36449,36451,36530,36533,36590,36592,36629,36635,36640,36645,36648,36662,36664,36767,36769,36812,36821,36831,36838,36844,36851,36934,36936,36959,36962,36965,36967,36971,36975,36978,37041,37064,37067,37071,37077,37079,37146,37149,37226,37231,37237,37240,37243,37289,37291,37315,37320,37324,37329,37335,37398,37401,37403,37406,37430,37433,37568,37570,37671,37673,37678,37681,37687,37697,37705,37710,37716,37722,37724,37747],[10,35966,3808,35968,3812],{"id":35967},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35969,35970],{},"enumerate()",[14,35972,35973,35975],{},[18,35974,35970],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35977,35978],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[34,35980,35981,35984],{},[37,35982,35983],{},"the item itself",[37,35985,35986],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35988,35989,35990,35992],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35991,35970],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[47,35994,50],{"id":49},[52,35996,35998],{"className":54,"code":35997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35999,36000,36032,36036,36059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36001,36002,36004,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36003,207],{"class":67},[61,36005,72],{"class":71},[61,36007,76],{"class":75},[61,36009,215],{"class":214},[61,36011,219],{"class":218},[61,36013,215],{"class":214},[61,36015,83],{"class":75},[61,36017,226],{"class":214},[61,36019,246],{"class":218},[61,36021,215],{"class":214},[61,36023,83],{"class":75},[61,36025,226],{"class":214},[61,36027,229],{"class":218},[61,36029,215],{"class":214},[61,36031,98],{"class":75},[61,36033,36034],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36035,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36037,36038,36040,36043,36045,36048,36050,36053,36055,36057],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36039,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36041,36042],{"class":67}," index",[61,36044,83],{"class":75},[61,36046,36047],{"class":67}," color ",[61,36049,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36051,36052],{"class":126}," enumerate",[61,36054,113],{"class":75},[61,36056,264],{"class":116},[61,36058,8572],{"class":75},[61,36060,36061,36063,36065,36068,36070,36073],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36062,8299],{"class":126},[61,36064,113],{"class":75},[61,36066,36067],{"class":116},"index",[61,36069,83],{"class":75},[61,36071,36072],{"class":116}," color",[61,36074,120],{"class":75},[14,36076,139],{},[52,36078,36080],{"className":54,"code":36079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,36081,36082,36089,36096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36083,36084,36086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36085,582],{"class":79},[61,36087,36088],{"class":67}," red\n",[61,36090,36091,36093],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36092,80],{"class":79},[61,36094,36095],{"class":67}," green\n",[61,36097,36098,36100],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36099,2310],{"class":79},[61,36101,36102],{"class":67}," blue\n",[14,36104,165,36105,36107],{},[18,36106,35970],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[47,36109,3911,36111,3914],{"id":36110},"what-enumerate-does",[18,36112,35970],{},[14,36114,36115,36117],{},[18,36116,35970],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36119,36120],{},"It is commonly used with:",[34,36122,36123,36125,36127,36129],{},[37,36124,5529],{},[37,36126,5532],{},[37,36128,5538],{},[37,36130,36131],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36133,36134],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36136,197],{},[52,36138,36140],{"className":54,"code":36139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,36141,36142,36176,36180,36201],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36143,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36163,36165,36167,36169,36172,36174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36145,5223],{"class":67},[61,36147,72],{"class":71},[61,36149,76],{"class":75},[61,36151,215],{"class":214},[61,36153,13104],{"class":218},[61,36155,215],{"class":214},[61,36157,83],{"class":75},[61,36159,226],{"class":214},[61,36161,36162],{"class":218},"Ben",[61,36164,215],{"class":214},[61,36166,83],{"class":75},[61,36168,226],{"class":214},[61,36170,36171],{"class":218},"Cara",[61,36173,215],{"class":214},[61,36175,98],{"class":75},[61,36177,36178],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36179,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36181,36182,36184,36186,36188,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36183,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36185,36042],{"class":67},[61,36187,83],{"class":75},[61,36189,36190],{"class":67}," name ",[61,36192,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36194,36052],{"class":126},[61,36196,113],{"class":75},[61,36198,5267],{"class":116},[61,36200,8572],{"class":75},[61,36202,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36214],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36204,8299],{"class":126},[61,36206,113],{"class":75},[61,36208,36067],{"class":116},[61,36210,83],{"class":75},[61,36212,36213],{"class":116}," name",[61,36215,120],{"class":75},[14,36217,139],{},[52,36219,36221],{"className":54,"code":36220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36222,36223,36230,36237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36224,36225,36227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36226,582],{"class":79},[61,36228,36229],{"class":67}," Ana\n",[61,36231,36232,36234],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36233,80],{"class":79},[61,36235,36236],{"class":67}," Ben\n",[61,36238,36239,36241],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36240,2310],{"class":79},[61,36242,36243],{"class":67}," Cara\n",[14,36245,36246,36247,26],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[334,36248,36250],{"href":36249},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[47,36252,341],{"id":340},[14,36254,344],{},[52,36256,36258],{"className":54,"code":36257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36259,36260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36261,36262,36265,36267,36269,36271,36274,36276,36278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36263,36264],{"class":126},"enumerate",[61,36266,113],{"class":75},[61,36268,359],{"class":116},[61,36270,83],{"class":75},[61,36272,36273],{"class":9400}," start",[61,36275,72],{"class":71},[61,36277,582],{"class":79},[61,36279,120],{"class":75},[14,36281,36282],{},"It has two parts:",[34,36284,36285,36290],{},[37,36286,36287,36289],{},[18,36288,359],{},": the object you want to loop through",[37,36291,36292,36295],{},[18,36293,36294],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36297,36298,36299,26],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36300,582],{},[14,36302,197],{},[52,36304,36306],{"className":54,"code":36305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36307,36308,36341,36345,36368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36309,36310,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36311,36312],{"class":67},"letters ",[61,36314,72],{"class":71},[61,36316,76],{"class":75},[61,36318,215],{"class":214},[61,36320,334],{"class":218},[61,36322,215],{"class":214},[61,36324,83],{"class":75},[61,36326,226],{"class":214},[61,36328,765],{"class":218},[61,36330,215],{"class":214},[61,36332,83],{"class":75},[61,36334,226],{"class":214},[61,36336,9961],{"class":218},[61,36338,215],{"class":214},[61,36340,98],{"class":75},[61,36342,36343],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36344,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36346,36347,36349,36352,36354,36357,36359,36361,36363,36366],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36348,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36350,36351],{"class":67}," i",[61,36353,83],{"class":75},[61,36355,36356],{"class":67}," letter ",[61,36358,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36360,36052],{"class":126},[61,36362,113],{"class":75},[61,36364,36365],{"class":116},"letters",[61,36367,8572],{"class":75},[61,36369,36370,36372,36374,36377,36379,36382],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36371,8299],{"class":126},[61,36373,113],{"class":75},[61,36375,36376],{"class":116},"i",[61,36378,83],{"class":75},[61,36380,36381],{"class":116}," letter",[61,36383,120],{"class":75},[14,36385,139],{},[52,36387,36389],{"className":54,"code":36388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36390,36391,36398,36405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36392,36393,36395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36394,582],{"class":79},[61,36396,36397],{"class":67}," a\n",[61,36399,36400,36402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36401,80],{"class":79},[61,36403,36404],{"class":67}," b\n",[61,36406,36407,36409],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36408,2310],{"class":79},[61,36410,36411],{"class":67}," c\n",[14,36413,36414,36415,26],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[334,36416,3808,36418,3741],{"href":36417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36419,394],{},[47,36421,3911,36423,11927],{"id":36422},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36424,35970],{},[14,36426,36427,36429,36430,26],{},[18,36428,35970],{}," returns an ",[23,36431,36432],{},"enumerate object",[14,36434,36435,36436,36438],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36437,6186],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[34,36440,36441],{},[37,36442,36443],{},[18,36444,36445],{},"(index, item)",[14,36447,36448],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36450,197],{},[52,36452,36454],{"className":54,"code":36453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36455,36456,36489,36493,36515],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36457,36458,36461,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36459,36460],{"class":67},"fruits ",[61,36462,72],{"class":71},[61,36464,76],{"class":75},[61,36466,215],{"class":214},[61,36468,2042],{"class":218},[61,36470,215],{"class":214},[61,36472,83],{"class":75},[61,36474,226],{"class":214},[61,36476,1040],{"class":218},[61,36478,215],{"class":214},[61,36480,83],{"class":75},[61,36482,226],{"class":214},[61,36484,33442],{"class":218},[61,36486,215],{"class":214},[61,36488,98],{"class":75},[61,36490,36491],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36492,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36494,36495,36497,36499,36501,36504,36506,36508,36510,36513],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36496,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36498,36042],{"class":67},[61,36500,83],{"class":75},[61,36502,36503],{"class":67}," fruit ",[61,36505,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36507,36052],{"class":126},[61,36509,113],{"class":75},[61,36511,36512],{"class":116},"fruits",[61,36514,8572],{"class":75},[61,36516,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36528],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36518,8299],{"class":126},[61,36520,113],{"class":75},[61,36522,36067],{"class":116},[61,36524,83],{"class":75},[61,36526,36527],{"class":116}," fruit",[61,36529,120],{"class":75},[14,36531,36532],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[52,36534,36536],{"className":54,"code":36535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36537,36538,36558,36562,36580],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36539,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36541,68],{"class":67},[61,36543,72],{"class":71},[61,36545,76],{"class":75},[61,36547,447],{"class":79},[61,36549,83],{"class":75},[61,36551,452],{"class":79},[61,36553,83],{"class":75},[61,36555,8025],{"class":79},[61,36557,98],{"class":75},[61,36559,36560],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36561,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36563,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36565,869],{"class":67},[61,36567,72],{"class":71},[61,36569,22780],{"class":109},[61,36571,113],{"class":75},[61,36573,36264],{"class":126},[61,36575,113],{"class":75},[61,36577,117],{"class":116},[61,36579,480],{"class":75},[61,36581,36582,36584,36586,36588],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36583,127],{"class":126},[61,36585,113],{"class":75},[61,36587,892],{"class":116},[61,36589,120],{"class":75},[14,36591,139],{},[52,36593,36595],{"className":54,"code":36594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36596,36597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36598,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36600,21960],{"class":75},[61,36602,582],{"class":79},[61,36604,83],{"class":75},[61,36606,457],{"class":79},[61,36608,1362],{"class":75},[61,36610,942],{"class":75},[61,36612,80],{"class":79},[61,36614,83],{"class":75},[61,36616,452],{"class":79},[61,36618,1362],{"class":75},[61,36620,942],{"class":75},[61,36622,2310],{"class":79},[61,36624,83],{"class":75},[61,36626,8025],{"class":79},[61,36628,9472],{"class":75},[14,36630,36631,36632,36634],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36633,35970],{}," produces.",[47,36636,5189,36638],{"id":36637},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36639,35970],{},[14,36641,165,36642,36644],{},[18,36643,35970],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36646,36647],{},"Common cases:",[34,36649,36650,36653,36656,36659],{},[37,36651,36652],{},"printing numbered output",[37,36654,36655],{},"building menus",[37,36657,36658],{},"showing positions in a list",[37,36660,36661],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36663,197],{},[52,36665,36667],{"className":54,"code":36666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36668,36669,36704,36708,36738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36682,36684,36686,36688,36691,36693,36695,36697,36700,36702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36672,30119],{"class":67},[61,36674,72],{"class":71},[61,36676,76],{"class":75},[61,36678,215],{"class":214},[61,36680,36681],{"class":218},"Wash dishes",[61,36683,215],{"class":214},[61,36685,83],{"class":75},[61,36687,226],{"class":214},[61,36689,36690],{"class":218},"Study Python",[61,36692,215],{"class":214},[61,36694,83],{"class":75},[61,36696,226],{"class":214},[61,36698,36699],{"class":218},"Go for a walk",[61,36701,215],{"class":214},[61,36703,98],{"class":75},[61,36705,36706],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36707,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36709,36710,36712,36714,36716,36719,36721,36723,36725,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36711,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36713,2444],{"class":67},[61,36715,83],{"class":75},[61,36717,36718],{"class":67}," task ",[61,36720,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36722,36052],{"class":126},[61,36724,113],{"class":75},[61,36726,36727],{"class":116},"tasks",[61,36729,83],{"class":75},[61,36731,36273],{"class":9400},[61,36733,72],{"class":71},[61,36735,80],{"class":79},[61,36737,8572],{"class":75},[61,36739,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36761,36763,36765],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36741,8299],{"class":126},[61,36743,113],{"class":75},[61,36745,22514],{"class":675},[61,36747,215],{"class":218},[61,36749,149],{"class":79},[61,36751,2486],{"class":116},[61,36753,22523],{"class":79},[61,36755,28535],{"class":218},[61,36757,149],{"class":79},[61,36759,36760],{"class":116},"task",[61,36762,22523],{"class":79},[61,36764,215],{"class":218},[61,36766,120],{"class":75},[14,36768,139],{},[52,36770,36772],{"className":54,"code":36771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36773,36774,36786,36798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36775,36776,36778,36780,36783],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36777,80],{"class":79},[61,36779,26],{"class":75},[61,36781,36782],{"class":24971}," Wash",[61,36784,36785],{"class":67}," dishes\n",[61,36787,36788,36790,36792,36795],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36789,2310],{"class":79},[61,36791,26],{"class":75},[61,36793,36794],{"class":24971}," Study",[61,36796,36797],{"class":67}," Python\n",[61,36799,36800,36802,36804,36807,36809],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36801,1321],{"class":79},[61,36803,26],{"class":75},[61,36805,36806],{"class":24971}," Go",[61,36808,4107],{"class":1490},[61,36810,36811],{"class":67}," a walk\n",[14,36813,36814,36815,36817,36818,26],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36816,35970],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36819,36820],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36822,36823,36824,26],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[334,36825,36827,36828,36830],{"href":36826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36829,35970],{}," in Python",[47,36832,36834,36835,36837],{"id":36833},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36836,36294],{}," argument",[14,36839,36840,36841,36843],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36842,36294],{}," argument.",[14,36845,36846,36847,11313,36849,378],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36848,80],{},[18,36850,582],{},[52,36852,36854],{"className":54,"code":36853,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36855,36856,36888,36892,36920],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36857,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36859,207],{"class":67},[61,36861,72],{"class":71},[61,36863,76],{"class":75},[61,36865,215],{"class":214},[61,36867,219],{"class":218},[61,36869,215],{"class":214},[61,36871,83],{"class":75},[61,36873,226],{"class":214},[61,36875,246],{"class":218},[61,36877,215],{"class":214},[61,36879,83],{"class":75},[61,36881,226],{"class":214},[61,36883,229],{"class":218},[61,36885,215],{"class":214},[61,36887,98],{"class":75},[61,36889,36890],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36891,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,36893,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36895,6186],{"class":1490},[61,36897,36042],{"class":67},[61,36899,83],{"class":75},[61,36901,36047],{"class":67},[61,36903,1433],{"class":1490},[61,36905,36052],{"class":126},[61,36907,113],{"class":75},[61,36909,264],{"class":116},[61,36911,83],{"class":75},[61,36913,36273],{"class":9400},[61,36915,72],{"class":71},[61,36917,80],{"class":79},[61,36919,8572],{"class":75},[61,36921,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,36923,8299],{"class":126},[61,36925,113],{"class":75},[61,36927,36067],{"class":116},[61,36929,83],{"class":75},[61,36931,36072],{"class":116},[61,36933,120],{"class":75},[14,36935,139],{},[52,36937,36939],{"className":54,"code":36938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36940,36941,36947,36953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36942,36943,36945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36944,80],{"class":79},[61,36946,36088],{"class":67},[61,36948,36949,36951],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,36950,2310],{"class":79},[61,36952,36095],{"class":67},[61,36954,36955,36957],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,36956,1321],{"class":79},[61,36958,36102],{"class":67},[14,36960,36961],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36963,36964],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[47,36966,25578],{"id":25577},[14,36968,25581,36969,26],{},[18,36970,35970],{},[819,36972,36974],{"id":36973},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36976,36977],{},"In this loop:",[52,36979,36981],{"className":54,"code":36980,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36982,36983,37003,37007,37027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,36984,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,36986,68],{"class":67},[61,36988,72],{"class":71},[61,36990,76],{"class":75},[61,36992,447],{"class":79},[61,36994,83],{"class":75},[61,36996,452],{"class":79},[61,36998,83],{"class":75},[61,37000,8025],{"class":79},[61,37002,98],{"class":75},[61,37004,37005],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37006,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,37008,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37010,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37012,36042],{"class":67},[61,37014,83],{"class":75},[61,37016,21804],{"class":67},[61,37018,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37020,36052],{"class":126},[61,37022,113],{"class":75},[61,37024,117],{"class":116},[61,37026,8572],{"class":75},[61,37028,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37030,8299],{"class":126},[61,37032,113],{"class":75},[61,37034,36067],{"class":116},[61,37036,83],{"class":75},[61,37038,8663],{"class":116},[61,37040,120],{"class":75},[34,37042,37043,37053],{},[37,37044,37045,5011,37047,2437,37049,2437,37051],{},[18,37046,36067],{},[18,37048,582],{},[18,37050,80],{},[18,37052,2310],{},[37,37054,37055,5011,37057,2437,37059,2437,37061],{},[18,37056,1783],{},[18,37058,447],{},[18,37060,15974],{},[18,37062,37063],{},"30",[14,37065,37066],{},"These are different things.",[819,37068,37070],{"id":37069},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37072,37073,37074,37076],{},"Each item from ",[18,37075,35970],{}," is a pair.",[14,37078,6917],{},[52,37080,37082],{"className":54,"code":37081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,37083,37084,37108,37112,37132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37085,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37087,1230],{"class":67},[61,37089,72],{"class":71},[61,37091,76],{"class":75},[61,37093,215],{"class":214},[61,37095,2422],{"class":218},[61,37097,215],{"class":214},[61,37099,83],{"class":75},[61,37101,226],{"class":214},[61,37103,11967],{"class":218},[61,37105,215],{"class":214},[61,37107,98],{"class":75},[61,37109,37110],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37111,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,37113,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37115,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37117,36351],{"class":67},[61,37119,83],{"class":75},[61,37121,6189],{"class":67},[61,37123,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37125,36052],{"class":126},[61,37127,113],{"class":75},[61,37129,1267],{"class":116},[61,37131,8572],{"class":75},[61,37133,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37135,8299],{"class":126},[61,37137,113],{"class":75},[61,37139,36376],{"class":116},[61,37141,83],{"class":75},[61,37143,29728],{"class":116},[61,37145,120],{"class":75},[14,37147,37148],{},"But this causes an error:",[52,37150,37152],{"className":54,"code":37151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,37153,37154,37178,37182,37207],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37157,1230],{"class":67},[61,37159,72],{"class":71},[61,37161,76],{"class":75},[61,37163,215],{"class":214},[61,37165,2422],{"class":218},[61,37167,215],{"class":214},[61,37169,83],{"class":75},[61,37171,226],{"class":214},[61,37173,11967],{"class":218},[61,37175,215],{"class":214},[61,37177,98],{"class":75},[61,37179,37180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37181,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,37183,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37185,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37187,36351],{"class":67},[61,37189,83],{"class":75},[61,37191,29728],{"class":67},[61,37193,83],{"class":75},[61,37195,37196],{"class":67}," extra ",[61,37198,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37200,36052],{"class":126},[61,37202,113],{"class":75},[61,37204,1267],{"class":116},[61,37206,8572],{"class":75},[61,37208,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37224],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37210,8299],{"class":126},[61,37212,113],{"class":75},[61,37214,36376],{"class":116},[61,37216,83],{"class":75},[61,37218,29728],{"class":116},[61,37220,83],{"class":75},[61,37222,37223],{"class":116}," extra",[61,37225,120],{"class":75},[14,37227,29282,37228,37230],{},[18,37229,35970],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[819,37232,37234,37236],{"id":37233},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37235,35970],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37238,37239],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37241,37242],{},"Example with a string:",[52,37244,37246],{"className":54,"code":37245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37247,37248,37274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37249,37250,37252,37254,37256,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37270,37272],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37251,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37253,36042],{"class":67},[61,37255,83],{"class":75},[61,37257,37258],{"class":67}," char ",[61,37260,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37262,36052],{"class":126},[61,37264,113],{"class":75},[61,37266,215],{"class":214},[61,37268,37269],{"class":218},"cat",[61,37271,215],{"class":214},[61,37273,8572],{"class":75},[61,37275,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37287],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37277,8299],{"class":126},[61,37279,113],{"class":75},[61,37281,36067],{"class":116},[61,37283,83],{"class":75},[61,37285,37286],{"class":116}," char",[61,37288,120],{"class":75},[14,37290,139],{},[52,37292,37294],{"className":54,"code":37293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37295,37296,37302,37308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37297,37298,37300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37299,582],{"class":79},[61,37301,36411],{"class":67},[61,37303,37304,37306],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37305,80],{"class":79},[61,37307,36397],{"class":67},[61,37309,37310,37312],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37311,2310],{"class":79},[61,37313,37314],{"class":67}," t\n",[14,37316,37317,37318,26],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[334,37319,5365],{"href":5814},[819,37321,37323],{"id":37322},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37325,37326,37327,26],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37328,35970],{},[14,37330,37331,37332,37334],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37333,6186],{}," loop:",[52,37336,37338],{"className":54,"code":37337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37339,37340,37372,37376,37388],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37341,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37343,207],{"class":67},[61,37345,72],{"class":71},[61,37347,76],{"class":75},[61,37349,215],{"class":214},[61,37351,219],{"class":218},[61,37353,215],{"class":214},[61,37355,83],{"class":75},[61,37357,226],{"class":214},[61,37359,246],{"class":218},[61,37361,215],{"class":214},[61,37363,83],{"class":75},[61,37365,226],{"class":214},[61,37367,229],{"class":218},[61,37369,215],{"class":214},[61,37371,98],{"class":75},[61,37373,37374],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37375,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,37377,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37379,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37381,36047],{"class":67},[61,37383,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37385,13345],{"class":67},[61,37387,6621],{"class":75},[61,37389,37390,37392,37394,37396],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37391,8299],{"class":126},[61,37393,113],{"class":75},[61,37395,33112],{"class":116},[61,37397,120],{"class":75},[14,37399,37400],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[47,37402,1741],{"id":1740},[14,37404,37405],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[34,37407,37408,37413,37419,37424],{},[37,37409,23321,37410,37412],{},[18,37411,35970],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[37,37414,37415,37416,37418],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37417,582],{}," by default",[37,37420,1750,37421,37423],{},[18,37422,35970],{}," when only values are needed",[37,37425,1874,37426,1877,37428],{},[18,37427,35970],{},[18,37429,394],{},[14,37431,37432],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[52,37434,37436],{"className":54,"code":37435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37437,37438,37460,37487,37521,37554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37439,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37441,127],{"class":126},[61,37443,113],{"class":75},[61,37445,36264],{"class":126},[61,37447,416],{"class":75},[61,37449,447],{"class":79},[61,37451,83],{"class":75},[61,37453,452],{"class":79},[61,37455,83],{"class":75},[61,37457,8025],{"class":79},[61,37459,433],{"class":75},[61,37461,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37463,127],{"class":126},[61,37465,113],{"class":75},[61,37467,383],{"class":109},[61,37469,113],{"class":75},[61,37471,36264],{"class":126},[61,37473,416],{"class":75},[61,37475,447],{"class":79},[61,37477,83],{"class":75},[61,37479,452],{"class":79},[61,37481,83],{"class":75},[61,37483,8025],{"class":79},[61,37485,37486],{"class":75},"])))\n",[61,37488,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37490,127],{"class":126},[61,37492,113],{"class":75},[61,37494,383],{"class":109},[61,37496,113],{"class":75},[61,37498,36264],{"class":126},[61,37500,416],{"class":75},[61,37502,447],{"class":79},[61,37504,83],{"class":75},[61,37506,452],{"class":79},[61,37508,83],{"class":75},[61,37510,8025],{"class":79},[61,37512,1316],{"class":75},[61,37514,36273],{"class":9400},[61,37516,72],{"class":71},[61,37518,80],{"class":79},[61,37520,460],{"class":75},[61,37522,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37524,6186],{"class":1490},[61,37526,36351],{"class":67},[61,37528,83],{"class":75},[61,37530,21804],{"class":67},[61,37532,1433],{"class":1490},[61,37534,36052],{"class":126},[61,37536,416],{"class":75},[61,37538,299],{"class":214},[61,37540,334],{"class":218},[61,37542,299],{"class":214},[61,37544,83],{"class":75},[61,37546,308],{"class":214},[61,37548,765],{"class":218},[61,37550,299],{"class":214},[61,37552,37553],{"class":75},"]):\n",[61,37555,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,37557,8299],{"class":126},[61,37559,113],{"class":75},[61,37561,36376],{"class":116},[61,37563,83],{"class":75},[61,37565,8663],{"class":116},[61,37567,120],{"class":75},[14,37569,17179],{},[52,37571,37573],{"className":54,"code":37572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37574,37575,37595,37627,37659,37665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37576,37577,37579,37581,37583,37586,37590,37593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37578,672],{"class":71},[61,37580,36264],{"class":126},[61,37582,24838],{"class":109},[61,37584,37585],{"class":67}," at ",[61,37587,37589],{"class":37588},"srjyR","0x",[61,37591,37592],{"class":34675},"...",[61,37594,685],{"class":71},[61,37596,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37598,21960],{"class":75},[61,37600,582],{"class":79},[61,37602,83],{"class":75},[61,37604,457],{"class":79},[61,37606,1362],{"class":75},[61,37608,942],{"class":75},[61,37610,80],{"class":79},[61,37612,83],{"class":75},[61,37614,452],{"class":79},[61,37616,1362],{"class":75},[61,37618,942],{"class":75},[61,37620,2310],{"class":79},[61,37622,83],{"class":75},[61,37624,8025],{"class":79},[61,37626,9472],{"class":75},[61,37628,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37630,21960],{"class":75},[61,37632,80],{"class":79},[61,37634,83],{"class":75},[61,37636,457],{"class":79},[61,37638,1362],{"class":75},[61,37640,942],{"class":75},[61,37642,2310],{"class":79},[61,37644,83],{"class":75},[61,37646,452],{"class":79},[61,37648,1362],{"class":75},[61,37650,942],{"class":75},[61,37652,1321],{"class":79},[61,37654,83],{"class":75},[61,37656,8025],{"class":79},[61,37658,9472],{"class":75},[61,37660,37661,37663],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,37662,582],{"class":79},[61,37664,36397],{"class":67},[61,37666,37667,37669],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,37668,80],{"class":79},[61,37670,36404],{"class":67},[47,37672,1987],{"id":1986},[819,37674,5371,37676,5374],{"id":37675},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37677,35970],{},[14,37679,37680],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[819,37682,12927,37684,37686],{"id":37683},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37685,35970],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37688,37689,37690,37692,37693,37696],{},"It starts at ",[18,37691,582],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37694,37695],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[819,37698,21640,37700,11313,37702,2735],{"id":37699},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37701,35970],{},[18,37703,37704],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37706,36814,37707,37709],{},[18,37708,35970],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[819,37711,5398,37713,37715],{"id":37712},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37714,35970],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37717,37718,37719,37721],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37720,35970],{}," can return each character with its index.",[47,37723,2144],{"id":2143},[34,37725,37726,37730,37736,37743],{},[37,37727,37728],{},[334,37729,36250],{"href":36249},[37,37731,37732],{},[334,37733,3808,37734,3741],{"href":36417},[18,37735,394],{},[37,37737,37738],{},[334,37739,37740,37741,36830],{"href":36826},"How to use ",[18,37742,35970],{},[37,37744,37745],{},[334,37746,5445],{"href":5814},[2169,37748,37749],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":37751},[37752,37753,37755,37756,37758,37760,37762,37769,37770,37780],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":36110,"depth":101,"text":37754},"What enumerate() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":36422,"depth":101,"text":37757},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36637,"depth":101,"text":37759},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36833,"depth":101,"text":37761},"Using the start argument",{"id":25577,"depth":101,"text":25578,"children":37763},[37764,37765,37766,37768],{"id":36973,"depth":123,"text":36974},{"id":37069,"depth":123,"text":37070},{"id":37233,"depth":123,"text":37767},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37322,"depth":123,"text":37323},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":37771},[37772,37774,37776,37778],{"id":37675,"depth":123,"text":37773},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37683,"depth":123,"text":37775},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37699,"depth":123,"text":37777},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37712,"depth":123,"text":37779},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35962,"description":37781},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37788,"title":37789,"body":37790,"description":40305,"extension":2216,"meta":40306,"navigation":271,"path":40307,"seo":40308,"stem":40309,"__hash__":40310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37791,"toc":40262},[37792,37798,37803,37806,37814,37828,37830,37921,37929,37934,37939,37941,37957,37959,38038,38040,38057,38063,38067,38069,38090,38094,38097,38109,38113,38116,38119,38136,38139,38214,38216,38233,38238,38242,38250,38253,38268,38270,38359,38361,38406,38409,38413,38416,38495,38497,38519,38522,38529,38534,38537,38640,38642,38667,38670,38677,38683,38688,38691,38702,38808,38810,38831,38839,38846,38852,38871,38876,38879,38898,38900,38985,38987,39016,39019,39024,39029,39032,39043,39045,39134,39136,39156,39162,39268,39270,39290,39293,39377,39379,39399,39406,39408,39412,39418,39421,39478,39481,39484,39545,39554,39557,39560,39588,39591,39651,39653,39670,39674,39677,39755,39757,39777,39780,39855,39859,39862,39864,39873,39878,39880,39931,39939,39951,39956,40017,40019,40036,40040,40103,40105,40130,40138,40140,40146,40152,40159,40167,40173,40176,40183,40193,40199,40205,40208,40225,40231,40233,40259],[10,37793,3808,37795,3812],{"id":37794},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37796,37797],{},"filter()",[14,37799,37800,37802],{},[18,37801,37797],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37804,37805],{},"It takes:",[34,37807,37808,37811],{},[37,37809,37810],{},"a function that checks each item",[37,37812,37813],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37815,37816,37817,37820,37821,37824,37825,37827],{},"The result is ",[23,37818,37819],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37822,37823],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37826,1880],{}," to see the values.",[47,37829,50],{"id":49},[52,37831,37833],{"className":54,"code":37832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37834,37835,37868,37904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37836,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37838,68],{"class":67},[61,37840,72],{"class":71},[61,37842,76],{"class":75},[61,37844,80],{"class":79},[61,37846,83],{"class":75},[61,37848,86],{"class":79},[61,37850,83],{"class":75},[61,37852,95],{"class":79},[61,37854,83],{"class":75},[61,37856,1178],{"class":79},[61,37858,83],{"class":75},[61,37860,950],{"class":79},[61,37862,83],{"class":75},[61,37864,37865],{"class":79}," 6",[61,37867,98],{"class":75},[61,37869,37870,37872,37874,37877,37879,37882,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37871,869],{"class":67},[61,37873,72],{"class":71},[61,37875,37876],{"class":126}," filter",[61,37878,113],{"class":75},[61,37880,37881],{"class":675},"lambda",[61,37883,37885],{"class":37884},"sFwrP"," x",[61,37887,378],{"class":75},[61,37889,4110],{"class":116},[61,37891,6631],{"class":71},[61,37893,86],{"class":79},[61,37895,6636],{"class":71},[61,37897,4065],{"class":79},[61,37899,83],{"class":75},[61,37901,4490],{"class":116},[61,37903,120],{"class":75},[61,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37907,127],{"class":126},[61,37909,113],{"class":75},[61,37911,383],{"class":109},[61,37913,113],{"class":75},[61,37915,892],{"class":116},[61,37917,5590],{"class":75},[61,37919,37920],{"class":3896},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37922,37923,37925,37926,37928],{},[18,37924,37797],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37927,1880],{}," to see the results.",[47,37930,3911,37932,3914],{"id":37931},"what-filter-does",[18,37933,37797],{},[14,37935,37936,37938],{},[18,37937,37797],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37940,2359],{},[34,37942,37943,37946,37952],{},[37,37944,37945],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[37,37947,37948,37949,37951],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37950,3837],{},", the item is kept",[37,37953,37948,37954,37956],{},[18,37955,3907],{},", the item is removed",[14,37958,197],{},[52,37960,37962],{"className":54,"code":37961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37963,37964,37992,37996,38024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,37965,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,37967,68],{"class":67},[61,37969,72],{"class":71},[61,37971,76],{"class":75},[61,37973,80],{"class":79},[61,37975,83],{"class":75},[61,37977,86],{"class":79},[61,37979,83],{"class":75},[61,37981,95],{"class":79},[61,37983,83],{"class":75},[61,37985,1178],{"class":79},[61,37987,83],{"class":75},[61,37989,950],{"class":79},[61,37991,98],{"class":75},[61,37993,37994],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,37995,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,37997,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,37999,869],{"class":67},[61,38001,72],{"class":71},[61,38003,37876],{"class":126},[61,38005,113],{"class":75},[61,38007,37881],{"class":675},[61,38009,37885],{"class":37884},[61,38011,378],{"class":75},[61,38013,4110],{"class":116},[61,38015,4479],{"class":71},[61,38017,95],{"class":79},[61,38019,83],{"class":75},[61,38021,4490],{"class":116},[61,38023,120],{"class":75},[61,38025,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38027,127],{"class":126},[61,38029,113],{"class":75},[61,38031,383],{"class":109},[61,38033,113],{"class":75},[61,38035,892],{"class":116},[61,38037,480],{"class":75},[14,38039,139],{},[52,38041,38043],{"className":54,"code":38042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[4, 5]\n",[18,38044,38045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38046,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38048,4129],{"class":75},[61,38050,498],{"class":79},[61,38052,83],{"class":75},[61,38054,950],{"class":79},[61,38056,98],{"class":75},[14,38058,38059,38060,38062],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,38061,1321],{}," are kept.",[47,38064,38066],{"id":38065},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38068,344],{},[52,38070,38072],{"className":54,"code":38071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,38073,38074],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38075,38076,38078,38080,38083,38085,38088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38077,37823],{"class":126},[61,38079,113],{"class":75},[61,38081,38082],{"class":116},"function",[61,38084,83],{"class":75},[61,38086,38087],{"class":116}," iterable",[61,38089,120],{"class":75},[819,38091,38092],{"id":38082},[18,38093,38082],{},[14,38095,38096],{},"This is the test function.",[34,38098,38099,38102],{},[37,38100,38101],{},"It receives one item at a time",[37,38103,38104,38105,1881,38107],{},"It should return ",[18,38106,3837],{},[18,38108,3907],{},[819,38110,38111],{"id":359},[18,38112,359],{},[14,38114,38115],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38117,38118],{},"It can be:",[34,38120,38121,38124,38127,38130,38133],{},[37,38122,38123],{},"a list",[37,38125,38126],{},"a tuple",[37,38128,38129],{},"a string",[37,38131,38132],{},"a set",[37,38134,38135],{},"another iterable object",[14,38137,38138],{},"Example with a tuple:",[52,38140,38142],{"className":54,"code":38141,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38143,38144,38168,38172,38200],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38145,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38147,68],{"class":67},[61,38149,72],{"class":71},[61,38151,942],{"class":75},[61,38153,447],{"class":79},[61,38155,83],{"class":75},[61,38157,959],{"class":79},[61,38159,83],{"class":75},[61,38161,452],{"class":79},[61,38163,83],{"class":75},[61,38165,9528],{"class":79},[61,38167,120],{"class":75},[61,38169,38170],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38171,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38173,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38175,869],{"class":67},[61,38177,72],{"class":71},[61,38179,37876],{"class":126},[61,38181,113],{"class":75},[61,38183,37881],{"class":675},[61,38185,37885],{"class":37884},[61,38187,378],{"class":75},[61,38189,4110],{"class":116},[61,38191,5327],{"class":71},[61,38193,452],{"class":79},[61,38195,83],{"class":75},[61,38197,4490],{"class":116},[61,38199,120],{"class":75},[61,38201,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38203,127],{"class":126},[61,38205,113],{"class":75},[61,38207,383],{"class":109},[61,38209,113],{"class":75},[61,38211,892],{"class":116},[61,38213,480],{"class":75},[14,38215,139],{},[52,38217,38219],{"className":54,"code":38218,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38220,38221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38222,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38224,4129],{"class":75},[61,38226,15974],{"class":79},[61,38228,83],{"class":75},[61,38230,9528],{"class":79},[61,38232,98],{"class":75},[14,38234,38235,38236,26],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[334,38237,5365],{"href":5814},[47,38239,38241],{"id":38240},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38243,38244,38245,22195,38247,26],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38246,37797],{},[23,38248,38249],{},"filter object",[14,38251,38252],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[34,38254,38255,38258,38263],{},[37,38256,38257],{},"loop through it",[37,38259,38260,38261],{},"convert it with ",[18,38262,1880],{},[37,38264,38260,38265],{},[18,38266,38267],{},"tuple()",[14,38269,197],{},[52,38271,38273],{"className":54,"code":38272,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38274,38275,38317,38321,38331,38345],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38276,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38278,869],{"class":67},[61,38280,72],{"class":71},[61,38282,37876],{"class":126},[61,38284,113],{"class":75},[61,38286,37881],{"class":675},[61,38288,37885],{"class":37884},[61,38290,378],{"class":75},[61,38292,4110],{"class":116},[61,38294,4479],{"class":71},[61,38296,86],{"class":79},[61,38298,83],{"class":75},[61,38300,76],{"class":75},[61,38302,80],{"class":79},[61,38304,83],{"class":75},[61,38306,86],{"class":79},[61,38308,83],{"class":75},[61,38310,95],{"class":79},[61,38312,83],{"class":75},[61,38314,1178],{"class":79},[61,38316,1474],{"class":75},[61,38318,38319],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38320,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38322,38323,38325,38327,38329],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38324,127],{"class":126},[61,38326,113],{"class":75},[61,38328,892],{"class":116},[61,38330,120],{"class":75},[61,38332,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38334,127],{"class":126},[61,38336,113],{"class":75},[61,38338,648],{"class":109},[61,38340,113],{"class":75},[61,38342,892],{"class":116},[61,38344,480],{"class":75},[61,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,38348,127],{"class":126},[61,38350,113],{"class":75},[61,38352,383],{"class":109},[61,38354,113],{"class":75},[61,38356,892],{"class":116},[61,38358,480],{"class":75},[14,38360,139],{},[52,38362,38364],{"className":54,"code":38363,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38365,38366,38380,38394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38367,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38369,672],{"class":71},[61,38371,37823],{"class":126},[61,38373,24838],{"class":109},[61,38375,37585],{"class":67},[61,38377,37592],{"class":34675},[61,38379,685],{"class":71},[61,38381,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38383,672],{"class":71},[61,38385,676],{"class":675},[61,38387,308],{"class":214},[61,38389,37823],{"class":218},[61,38391,299],{"class":214},[61,38393,685],{"class":71},[61,38395,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38397,4129],{"class":75},[61,38399,1321],{"class":79},[61,38401,83],{"class":75},[61,38403,1178],{"class":79},[61,38405,98],{"class":75},[14,38407,38408],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[819,38410,38412],{"id":38411},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38414,38415],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[52,38417,38419],{"className":54,"code":38418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38420,38421,38463,38467,38481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38422,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38424,869],{"class":67},[61,38426,72],{"class":71},[61,38428,37876],{"class":126},[61,38430,113],{"class":75},[61,38432,37881],{"class":675},[61,38434,37885],{"class":37884},[61,38436,378],{"class":75},[61,38438,4110],{"class":116},[61,38440,4479],{"class":71},[61,38442,86],{"class":79},[61,38444,83],{"class":75},[61,38446,76],{"class":75},[61,38448,80],{"class":79},[61,38450,83],{"class":75},[61,38452,86],{"class":79},[61,38454,83],{"class":75},[61,38456,95],{"class":79},[61,38458,83],{"class":75},[61,38460,1178],{"class":79},[61,38462,1474],{"class":75},[61,38464,38465],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38466,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38468,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38470,127],{"class":126},[61,38472,113],{"class":75},[61,38474,383],{"class":109},[61,38476,113],{"class":75},[61,38478,892],{"class":116},[61,38480,480],{"class":75},[61,38482,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38484,127],{"class":126},[61,38486,113],{"class":75},[61,38488,383],{"class":109},[61,38490,113],{"class":75},[61,38492,892],{"class":116},[61,38494,480],{"class":75},[14,38496,139],{},[52,38498,38500],{"className":54,"code":38499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38501,38502,38514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38503,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38505,4129],{"class":75},[61,38507,1321],{"class":79},[61,38509,83],{"class":75},[61,38511,1178],{"class":79},[61,38513,98],{"class":75},[61,38515,38516],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38517,38518],{"class":75},"[]\n",[14,38520,38521],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[47,38523,1750,38525,1877,38527],{"id":38524},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38526,37797],{},[18,38528,37881],{},[14,38530,15410,38531,38533],{},[18,38532,37881],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38535,38536],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[52,38538,38540],{"className":54,"code":38539,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38541,38542,38584,38588,38626],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38580,38582],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38545,4298],{"class":67},[61,38547,72],{"class":71},[61,38549,76],{"class":75},[61,38551,215],{"class":214},[61,38553,2042],{"class":218},[61,38555,215],{"class":214},[61,38557,83],{"class":75},[61,38559,226],{"class":214},[61,38561,38562],{"class":218},"kiwi",[61,38564,215],{"class":214},[61,38566,83],{"class":75},[61,38568,226],{"class":214},[61,38570,1040],{"class":218},[61,38572,215],{"class":214},[61,38574,83],{"class":75},[61,38576,226],{"class":214},[61,38578,38579],{"class":218},"fig",[61,38581,215],{"class":214},[61,38583,98],{"class":75},[61,38585,38586],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38587,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38589,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38603,38605,38608,38610,38613,38615,38618,38620,38622,38624],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38591,869],{"class":67},[61,38593,72],{"class":71},[61,38595,37876],{"class":126},[61,38597,113],{"class":75},[61,38599,37881],{"class":675},[61,38601,38602],{"class":37884}," word",[61,38604,378],{"class":75},[61,38606,38607],{"class":126}," len",[61,38609,113],{"class":75},[61,38611,38612],{"class":116},"word",[61,38614,3893],{"class":75},[61,38616,38617],{"class":71}," >",[61,38619,1178],{"class":79},[61,38621,83],{"class":75},[61,38623,6396],{"class":116},[61,38625,120],{"class":75},[61,38627,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38629,127],{"class":126},[61,38631,113],{"class":75},[61,38633,383],{"class":109},[61,38635,113],{"class":75},[61,38637,892],{"class":116},[61,38639,480],{"class":75},[14,38641,139],{},[52,38643,38645],{"className":54,"code":38644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38646,38647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38648,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38650,4129],{"class":75},[61,38652,299],{"class":214},[61,38654,2042],{"class":218},[61,38656,299],{"class":214},[61,38658,83],{"class":75},[61,38660,308],{"class":214},[61,38662,1040],{"class":218},[61,38664,299],{"class":214},[61,38666,98],{"class":75},[14,38668,38669],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38671,38672,38673,26],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[334,38674,38676],{"href":38675},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[47,38678,1750,38680,38682],{"id":38679},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38681,37797],{}," with a named function",[14,38684,38685,38686,26],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38687,37881],{},[14,38689,38690],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[34,38692,38693,38696,38699],{},[37,38694,38695],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[37,38697,38698],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[37,38700,38701],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[52,38703,38705],{"className":54,"code":38704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38706,38707,38720,38735,38739,38771,38790,38794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38708,38709,38711,38714,38716,38718],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38710,35072],{"class":675},[61,38712,38713],{"class":35075}," is_even",[61,38715,113],{"class":75},[61,38717,2486],{"class":37884},[61,38719,8572],{"class":75},[61,38721,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38723,35083],{"class":1490},[61,38725,6614],{"class":67},[61,38727,6631],{"class":71},[61,38729,86],{"class":79},[61,38731,6636],{"class":71},[61,38733,38734],{"class":79}," 0\n",[61,38736,38737],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38738,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38740,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38742,68],{"class":67},[61,38744,72],{"class":71},[61,38746,76],{"class":75},[61,38748,80],{"class":79},[61,38750,83],{"class":75},[61,38752,86],{"class":79},[61,38754,83],{"class":75},[61,38756,95],{"class":79},[61,38758,83],{"class":75},[61,38760,1178],{"class":79},[61,38762,83],{"class":75},[61,38764,950],{"class":79},[61,38766,83],{"class":75},[61,38768,37865],{"class":79},[61,38770,98],{"class":75},[61,38772,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38784,38786,38788],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,38774,869],{"class":67},[61,38776,72],{"class":71},[61,38778,37876],{"class":126},[61,38780,113],{"class":75},[61,38782,38783],{"class":116},"is_even",[61,38785,83],{"class":75},[61,38787,4490],{"class":116},[61,38789,120],{"class":75},[61,38791,38792],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,38793,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38795,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,38797,127],{"class":126},[61,38799,113],{"class":75},[61,38801,383],{"class":109},[61,38803,113],{"class":75},[61,38805,892],{"class":116},[61,38807,480],{"class":75},[14,38809,139],{},[52,38811,38813],{"className":54,"code":38812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38814,38815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38816,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38818,4129],{"class":75},[61,38820,2310],{"class":79},[61,38822,83],{"class":75},[61,38824,1178],{"class":79},[61,38826,83],{"class":75},[61,38828,37865],{"class":79},[61,38830,98],{"class":75},[14,38832,20991,38833,2642,38836,38838],{},[18,38834,38835],{},"is_even()",[18,38837,3837],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[47,38840,1750,38842,1877,38844],{"id":38841},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38843,4012],{},[18,38845,37797],{},[14,38847,38848,38849,38851],{},"You can pass ",[18,38850,4012],{}," as the first argument:",[52,38853,38855],{"className":54,"code":38854,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38856,38857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38858,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38860,37823],{"class":126},[61,38862,113],{"class":75},[61,38864,4012],{"class":1523},[61,38866,83],{"class":75},[61,38868,38087],{"class":116},[61,38870,120],{"class":75},[14,38872,38873,38874,7570],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[23,38875,5824],{},[14,38877,38878],{},"Falsy values include:",[34,38880,38881,38885,38890,38894],{},[37,38882,38883],{},[18,38884,582],{},[37,38886,38887,38889],{},[18,38888,4007],{}," (empty string)",[37,38891,38892],{},[18,38893,4012],{},[37,38895,38896],{},[18,38897,3907],{},[14,38899,197],{},[52,38901,38903],{"className":54,"code":38902,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38904,38905,38949,38953,38971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38906,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38908,1230],{"class":67},[61,38910,72],{"class":71},[61,38912,76],{"class":75},[61,38914,582],{"class":79},[61,38916,83],{"class":75},[61,38918,587],{"class":79},[61,38920,83],{"class":75},[61,38922,6354],{"class":214},[61,38924,83],{"class":75},[61,38926,226],{"class":214},[61,38928,475],{"class":218},[61,38930,215],{"class":214},[61,38932,83],{"class":75},[61,38934,4083],{"class":1523},[61,38936,83],{"class":75},[61,38938,4145],{"class":1523},[61,38940,83],{"class":75},[61,38942,4136],{"class":1523},[61,38944,83],{"class":75},[61,38946,950],{"class":79},[61,38948,98],{"class":75},[61,38950,38951],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,38952,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,38954,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,38956,869],{"class":67},[61,38958,72],{"class":71},[61,38960,37876],{"class":126},[61,38962,113],{"class":75},[61,38964,4012],{"class":1523},[61,38966,83],{"class":75},[61,38968,6194],{"class":116},[61,38970,120],{"class":75},[61,38972,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,38974,127],{"class":126},[61,38976,113],{"class":75},[61,38978,383],{"class":109},[61,38980,113],{"class":75},[61,38982,892],{"class":116},[61,38984,480],{"class":75},[14,38986,139],{},[52,38988,38990],{"className":54,"code":38989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38991,38992],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,38993,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,38995,4129],{"class":75},[61,38997,80],{"class":79},[61,38999,83],{"class":75},[61,39001,308],{"class":214},[61,39003,475],{"class":218},[61,39005,299],{"class":214},[61,39007,83],{"class":75},[61,39009,4145],{"class":1523},[61,39011,83],{"class":75},[61,39013,950],{"class":79},[61,39015,98],{"class":75},[14,39017,39018],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[47,39020,5189,39022],{"id":39021},"when-to-use-filter",[18,39023,37797],{},[14,39025,165,39026,39028],{},[18,39027,37797],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39030,39031],{},"It works well for:",[34,39033,39034,39037,39040],{},[37,39035,39036],{},"simple filtering rules",[37,39038,39039],{},"quick data cleaning",[37,39041,39042],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39044,197],{},[52,39046,39048],{"className":54,"code":39047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,39049,39050,39082,39115,39119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39051,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39053,68],{"class":67},[61,39055,72],{"class":71},[61,39057,76],{"class":75},[61,39059,80],{"class":79},[61,39061,83],{"class":75},[61,39063,86],{"class":79},[61,39065,83],{"class":75},[61,39067,95],{"class":79},[61,39069,83],{"class":75},[61,39071,1178],{"class":79},[61,39073,83],{"class":75},[61,39075,950],{"class":79},[61,39077,83],{"class":75},[61,39079,37865],{"class":79},[61,39081,98],{"class":75},[61,39083,39084,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39085,39086],{"class":67},"evens ",[61,39088,72],{"class":71},[61,39090,37876],{"class":126},[61,39092,113],{"class":75},[61,39094,37881],{"class":675},[61,39096,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39098,378],{"class":75},[61,39100,4110],{"class":116},[61,39102,6631],{"class":71},[61,39104,86],{"class":79},[61,39106,6636],{"class":71},[61,39108,4065],{"class":79},[61,39110,83],{"class":75},[61,39112,4490],{"class":116},[61,39114,120],{"class":75},[61,39116,39117],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,39118,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39120,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39132],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,39122,127],{"class":126},[61,39124,113],{"class":75},[61,39126,383],{"class":109},[61,39128,113],{"class":75},[61,39130,39131],{"class":116},"evens",[61,39133,480],{"class":75},[14,39135,139],{},[52,39137,39138],{"className":54,"code":38812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39139,39140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39141,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39143,4129],{"class":75},[61,39145,2310],{"class":79},[61,39147,83],{"class":75},[61,39149,1178],{"class":79},[61,39151,83],{"class":75},[61,39153,37865],{"class":79},[61,39155,98],{"class":75},[14,39157,39158,39159,39161],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39160,6186],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[52,39163,39165],{"className":54,"code":39164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39166,39167,39199,39207,39211,39223,39239,39254,39258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39168,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39170,68],{"class":67},[61,39172,72],{"class":71},[61,39174,76],{"class":75},[61,39176,80],{"class":79},[61,39178,83],{"class":75},[61,39180,86],{"class":79},[61,39182,83],{"class":75},[61,39184,95],{"class":79},[61,39186,83],{"class":75},[61,39188,1178],{"class":79},[61,39190,83],{"class":75},[61,39192,950],{"class":79},[61,39194,83],{"class":75},[61,39196,37865],{"class":79},[61,39198,98],{"class":75},[61,39200,39201,39203,39205],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39202,39086],{"class":67},[61,39204,72],{"class":71},[61,39206,8068],{"class":75},[61,39208,39209],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,39210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39212,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,39214,6186],{"class":1490},[61,39216,6614],{"class":67},[61,39218,1433],{"class":1490},[61,39220,4490],{"class":67},[61,39222,6621],{"class":75},[61,39224,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,39226,6626],{"class":1490},[61,39228,6614],{"class":67},[61,39230,6631],{"class":71},[61,39232,86],{"class":79},[61,39234,6636],{"class":71},[61,39236,4065],{"class":79},[61,39238,6621],{"class":75},[61,39240,39241,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,39242,39243],{"class":67},"        evens",[61,39245,26],{"class":75},[61,39247,13775],{"class":116},[61,39249,113],{"class":75},[61,39251,2486],{"class":116},[61,39253,120],{"class":75},[61,39255,39256],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,39257,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39259,39260,39262,39264,39266],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,39261,127],{"class":126},[61,39263,113],{"class":75},[61,39265,39131],{"class":116},[61,39267,120],{"class":75},[14,39269,139],{},[52,39271,39272],{"className":54,"code":38812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39273,39274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39277,4129],{"class":75},[61,39279,2310],{"class":79},[61,39281,83],{"class":75},[61,39283,1178],{"class":79},[61,39285,83],{"class":75},[61,39287,37865],{"class":79},[61,39289,98],{"class":75},[14,39291,39292],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[52,39294,39296],{"className":54,"code":39295,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39297,39298,39330,39363,39367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39299,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39301,68],{"class":67},[61,39303,72],{"class":71},[61,39305,76],{"class":75},[61,39307,80],{"class":79},[61,39309,83],{"class":75},[61,39311,86],{"class":79},[61,39313,83],{"class":75},[61,39315,95],{"class":79},[61,39317,83],{"class":75},[61,39319,1178],{"class":79},[61,39321,83],{"class":75},[61,39323,950],{"class":79},[61,39325,83],{"class":75},[61,39327,37865],{"class":79},[61,39329,98],{"class":75},[61,39331,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39333,39086],{"class":67},[61,39335,72],{"class":71},[61,39337,76],{"class":75},[61,39339,2464],{"class":67},[61,39341,6186],{"class":1490},[61,39343,6614],{"class":67},[61,39345,1433],{"class":1490},[61,39347,39348],{"class":67}," numbers ",[61,39350,7227],{"class":1490},[61,39352,6614],{"class":67},[61,39354,6631],{"class":71},[61,39356,86],{"class":79},[61,39358,6636],{"class":71},[61,39360,4065],{"class":79},[61,39362,98],{"class":75},[61,39364,39365],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,39366,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39368,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,39370,127],{"class":126},[61,39372,113],{"class":75},[61,39374,39131],{"class":116},[61,39376,120],{"class":75},[14,39378,139],{},[52,39380,39381],{"className":54,"code":38812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39382,39383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39384,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39386,4129],{"class":75},[61,39388,2310],{"class":79},[61,39390,83],{"class":75},[61,39392,1178],{"class":79},[61,39394,83],{"class":75},[61,39396,37865],{"class":79},[61,39398,98],{"class":75},[14,39400,39401,39402,26],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[334,39403,39405],{"href":39404},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[47,39407,1741],{"id":1740},[14,39409,14954,39410,26],{},[18,39411,37797],{},[819,39413,1864,39415,39417],{"id":39414},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39416,37797],{}," to return a list",[14,39419,39420],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[52,39422,39424],{"className":54,"code":39423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39425,39426,39468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39429,869],{"class":67},[61,39431,72],{"class":71},[61,39433,37876],{"class":126},[61,39435,113],{"class":75},[61,39437,37881],{"class":675},[61,39439,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39441,378],{"class":75},[61,39443,4110],{"class":116},[61,39445,4479],{"class":71},[61,39447,86],{"class":79},[61,39449,83],{"class":75},[61,39451,76],{"class":75},[61,39453,80],{"class":79},[61,39455,83],{"class":75},[61,39457,86],{"class":79},[61,39459,83],{"class":75},[61,39461,95],{"class":79},[61,39463,83],{"class":75},[61,39465,1178],{"class":79},[61,39467,1474],{"class":75},[61,39469,39470,39472,39474,39476],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39471,127],{"class":126},[61,39473,113],{"class":75},[61,39475,892],{"class":116},[61,39477,120],{"class":75},[14,39479,39480],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39482,39483],{},"Fix:",[52,39485,39487],{"className":54,"code":39486,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39488,39489,39531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39490,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39492,869],{"class":67},[61,39494,72],{"class":71},[61,39496,37876],{"class":126},[61,39498,113],{"class":75},[61,39500,37881],{"class":675},[61,39502,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39504,378],{"class":75},[61,39506,4110],{"class":116},[61,39508,4479],{"class":71},[61,39510,86],{"class":79},[61,39512,83],{"class":75},[61,39514,76],{"class":75},[61,39516,80],{"class":79},[61,39518,83],{"class":75},[61,39520,86],{"class":79},[61,39522,83],{"class":75},[61,39524,95],{"class":79},[61,39526,83],{"class":75},[61,39528,1178],{"class":79},[61,39530,1474],{"class":75},[61,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39534,127],{"class":126},[61,39536,113],{"class":75},[61,39538,383],{"class":109},[61,39540,113],{"class":75},[61,39542,892],{"class":116},[61,39544,480],{"class":75},[819,39546,39548,39549,1881,39551,39553],{"id":39547},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39550,3837],{},[18,39552,3907],{}," clearly",[14,39555,39556],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39558,39559],{},"Good example:",[52,39561,39563],{"className":54,"code":39562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39564,39565,39578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39566,39567,39569,39572,39574,39576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39568,35072],{"class":675},[61,39570,39571],{"class":35075}," is_positive",[61,39573,113],{"class":75},[61,39575,2486],{"class":37884},[61,39577,8572],{"class":75},[61,39579,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39581,35083],{"class":1490},[61,39583,6614],{"class":67},[61,39585,4479],{"class":71},[61,39587,38734],{"class":79},[14,39589,39590],{},"Then use it with:",[52,39592,39594],{"className":54,"code":39593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39595,39596,39628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39597,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39599,68],{"class":67},[61,39601,72],{"class":71},[61,39603,76],{"class":75},[61,39605,2275],{"class":71},[61,39607,2310],{"class":79},[61,39609,83],{"class":75},[61,39611,2469],{"class":71},[61,39613,80],{"class":79},[61,39615,83],{"class":75},[61,39617,4065],{"class":79},[61,39619,83],{"class":75},[61,39621,587],{"class":79},[61,39623,83],{"class":75},[61,39625,86],{"class":79},[61,39627,98],{"class":75},[61,39629,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39645,39647,39649],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39631,127],{"class":126},[61,39633,113],{"class":75},[61,39635,383],{"class":109},[61,39637,113],{"class":75},[61,39639,37823],{"class":126},[61,39641,113],{"class":75},[61,39643,39644],{"class":116},"is_positive",[61,39646,83],{"class":75},[61,39648,4490],{"class":116},[61,39650,460],{"class":75},[14,39652,139],{},[52,39654,39656],{"className":54,"code":39655,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39657,39658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39659,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39661,4129],{"class":75},[61,39663,80],{"class":79},[61,39665,83],{"class":75},[61,39667,86],{"class":79},[61,39669,98],{"class":75},[819,39671,39673],{"id":39672},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39675,39676],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[52,39678,39679],{"className":54,"code":38418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39680,39681,39723,39727,39741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39682,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39684,869],{"class":67},[61,39686,72],{"class":71},[61,39688,37876],{"class":126},[61,39690,113],{"class":75},[61,39692,37881],{"class":675},[61,39694,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39696,378],{"class":75},[61,39698,4110],{"class":116},[61,39700,4479],{"class":71},[61,39702,86],{"class":79},[61,39704,83],{"class":75},[61,39706,76],{"class":75},[61,39708,80],{"class":79},[61,39710,83],{"class":75},[61,39712,86],{"class":79},[61,39714,83],{"class":75},[61,39716,95],{"class":79},[61,39718,83],{"class":75},[61,39720,1178],{"class":79},[61,39722,1474],{"class":75},[61,39724,39725],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39726,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39728,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,39730,127],{"class":126},[61,39732,113],{"class":75},[61,39734,383],{"class":109},[61,39736,113],{"class":75},[61,39738,892],{"class":116},[61,39740,480],{"class":75},[61,39742,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,39744,127],{"class":126},[61,39746,113],{"class":75},[61,39748,383],{"class":109},[61,39750,113],{"class":75},[61,39752,892],{"class":116},[61,39754,480],{"class":75},[14,39756,139],{},[52,39758,39759],{"className":54,"code":38499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,39760,39761,39773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39762,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39764,4129],{"class":75},[61,39766,1321],{"class":79},[61,39768,83],{"class":75},[61,39770,1178],{"class":79},[61,39772,98],{"class":75},[61,39774,39775],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39776,38518],{"class":75},[14,39778,39779],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[52,39781,39783],{"className":54,"code":39782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39784,39785,39831,39835,39845],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39786,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39788,869],{"class":67},[61,39790,72],{"class":71},[61,39792,22780],{"class":109},[61,39794,113],{"class":75},[61,39796,37823],{"class":126},[61,39798,113],{"class":75},[61,39800,37881],{"class":675},[61,39802,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39804,378],{"class":75},[61,39806,4110],{"class":116},[61,39808,4479],{"class":71},[61,39810,86],{"class":79},[61,39812,83],{"class":75},[61,39814,76],{"class":75},[61,39816,80],{"class":79},[61,39818,83],{"class":75},[61,39820,86],{"class":79},[61,39822,83],{"class":75},[61,39824,95],{"class":79},[61,39826,83],{"class":75},[61,39828,1178],{"class":79},[61,39830,433],{"class":75},[61,39832,39833],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39834,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,39836,39837,39839,39841,39843],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,39838,127],{"class":126},[61,39840,113],{"class":75},[61,39842,892],{"class":116},[61,39844,120],{"class":75},[61,39846,39847,39849,39851,39853],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,39848,127],{"class":126},[61,39850,113],{"class":75},[61,39852,892],{"class":116},[61,39854,120],{"class":75},[819,39856,39858],{"id":39857},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39860,39861],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39863,16864],{},[52,39865,39867],{"className":54,"code":39866,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39868,39869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39870,39871],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39872,39866],{"class":3896},[14,39874,39875,39876,6780],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39877,447],{},[14,39879,16876],{},[52,39881,39883],{"className":54,"code":39882,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39884,39885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39886,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39888,127],{"class":126},[61,39890,113],{"class":75},[61,39892,383],{"class":109},[61,39894,113],{"class":75},[61,39896,37823],{"class":126},[61,39898,113],{"class":75},[61,39900,37881],{"class":675},[61,39902,37885],{"class":37884},[61,39904,378],{"class":75},[61,39906,4110],{"class":116},[61,39908,4479],{"class":71},[61,39910,86],{"class":79},[61,39912,83],{"class":75},[61,39914,76],{"class":75},[61,39916,80],{"class":79},[61,39918,83],{"class":75},[61,39920,86],{"class":79},[61,39922,83],{"class":75},[61,39924,95],{"class":79},[61,39926,83],{"class":75},[61,39928,1178],{"class":79},[61,39930,37486],{"class":75},[819,39932,1874,39934,1877,39936],{"id":39933},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39935,37797],{},[18,39937,39938],{},"map()",[34,39940,39941,39946],{},[37,39942,39943,39945],{},[18,39944,37797],{}," keeps or removes items",[37,39947,39948,39950],{},[18,39949,39938],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39952,39953,39954,378],{},"Example of ",[18,39955,37797],{},[52,39957,39959],{"className":54,"code":39958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39960,39961,39985],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,39962,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,39964,68],{"class":67},[61,39966,72],{"class":71},[61,39968,76],{"class":75},[61,39970,80],{"class":79},[61,39972,83],{"class":75},[61,39974,86],{"class":79},[61,39976,83],{"class":75},[61,39978,95],{"class":79},[61,39980,83],{"class":75},[61,39982,1178],{"class":79},[61,39984,98],{"class":75},[61,39986,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40013,40015],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,39988,127],{"class":126},[61,39990,113],{"class":75},[61,39992,383],{"class":109},[61,39994,113],{"class":75},[61,39996,37823],{"class":126},[61,39998,113],{"class":75},[61,40000,37881],{"class":675},[61,40002,37885],{"class":37884},[61,40004,378],{"class":75},[61,40006,4110],{"class":116},[61,40008,4479],{"class":71},[61,40010,86],{"class":79},[61,40012,83],{"class":75},[61,40014,4490],{"class":116},[61,40016,460],{"class":75},[14,40018,139],{},[52,40020,40022],{"className":54,"code":40021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 4]\n",[18,40023,40024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40025,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40027,4129],{"class":75},[61,40029,1321],{"class":79},[61,40031,83],{"class":75},[61,40033,1178],{"class":79},[61,40035,98],{"class":75},[14,40037,39953,40038,378],{},[18,40039,39938],{},[52,40041,40043],{"className":54,"code":40042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40044,40045,40069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40046,40047,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40048,68],{"class":67},[61,40050,72],{"class":71},[61,40052,76],{"class":75},[61,40054,80],{"class":79},[61,40056,83],{"class":75},[61,40058,86],{"class":79},[61,40060,83],{"class":75},[61,40062,95],{"class":79},[61,40064,83],{"class":75},[61,40066,1178],{"class":79},[61,40068,98],{"class":75},[61,40070,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40095,40097,40099,40101],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40072,127],{"class":126},[61,40074,113],{"class":75},[61,40076,383],{"class":109},[61,40078,113],{"class":75},[61,40080,40081],{"class":126},"map",[61,40083,113],{"class":75},[61,40085,37881],{"class":675},[61,40087,37885],{"class":37884},[61,40089,378],{"class":75},[61,40091,4110],{"class":116},[61,40093,40094],{"class":71},"*",[61,40096,86],{"class":79},[61,40098,83],{"class":75},[61,40100,4490],{"class":116},[61,40102,460],{"class":75},[14,40104,139],{},[52,40106,40108],{"className":54,"code":40107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,40109,40110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40111,40112,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124,40126,40128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40113,4129],{"class":75},[61,40115,2310],{"class":79},[61,40117,83],{"class":75},[61,40119,1178],{"class":79},[61,40121,83],{"class":75},[61,40123,37865],{"class":79},[61,40125,83],{"class":75},[61,40127,6587],{"class":79},[61,40129,98],{"class":75},[14,40131,40132,40133,26],{},"For the related function, see ",[334,40134,3808,40136,3741],{"href":40135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,40137,39938],{},[47,40139,1987],{"id":1986},[819,40141,12927,40143,40145],{"id":40142},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,40144,37797],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40147,40148,40149,40151],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,40150,1880],{}," if needed.",[819,40153,40155,40156,40158],{"id":40154},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,40157,37797],{}," need to return?",[14,40160,38104,40161,40163,40164,40166],{},[18,40162,3837],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40165,3907],{}," to remove it.",[819,40168,28550,40170,40172],{"id":40169},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40171,37797],{}," without lambda?",[14,40174,40175],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[819,40177,5371,40179,40182],{"id":40178},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40180,40181],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40184,40185,40186,40188,40189,17293,40191,26],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40187,582],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40190,4012],{},[18,40192,3907],{},[819,40194,21640,40196,40198],{"id":40195},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40197,37797],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40200,40201,40202,40204],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40203,6186],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40206,40207],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[34,40209,40210,40216,40222],{},[37,40211,40212,40213,40215],{},"use ",[18,40214,37797],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[37,40217,40218,40219,40221],{},"use a ",[18,40220,6186],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[37,40223,40224],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40226,40227,40228,26],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[334,40229,5361],{"href":40230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[47,40232,2144],{"id":2143},[34,40234,40235,40240,40244,40249,40255],{},[37,40236,40237],{},[334,40238,40239],{"href":38675},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[37,40241,40242],{},[334,40243,5450],{"href":40230},[37,40245,40246],{},[334,40247,40248],{"href":39404},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[37,40250,40251],{},[334,40252,3808,40253,3741],{"href":40135},[18,40254,39938],{},[37,40256,40257],{},[334,40258,5445],{"href":5814},[2169,40260,40261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":40263},[40264,40265,40267,40271,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282,40292,40304],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":37931,"depth":101,"text":40266},"What filter() does",{"id":38065,"depth":101,"text":38066,"children":40268},[40269,40270],{"id":38082,"depth":123,"text":38082},{"id":359,"depth":123,"text":359},{"id":38240,"depth":101,"text":38241,"children":40272},[40273],{"id":38411,"depth":123,"text":38412},{"id":38524,"depth":101,"text":40275},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38679,"depth":101,"text":40277},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38841,"depth":101,"text":40279},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39021,"depth":101,"text":40281},"When to use filter()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":40283},[40284,40286,40288,40289,40290],{"id":39414,"depth":123,"text":40285},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39547,"depth":123,"text":40287},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39672,"depth":123,"text":39673},{"id":39857,"depth":123,"text":39858},{"id":39933,"depth":123,"text":40291},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":40293},[40294,40296,40298,40300,40302],{"id":40142,"depth":123,"text":40295},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40154,"depth":123,"text":40297},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40169,"depth":123,"text":40299},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40178,"depth":123,"text":40301},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40195,"depth":123,"text":40303},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37789,"description":40305},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40312,"title":40313,"body":40314,"description":42467,"extension":2216,"meta":42468,"navigation":271,"path":42469,"seo":42470,"stem":42471,"__hash__":42472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40315,"toc":42421},[40316,40319,40324,40330,40332,40384,40386,40405,40410,40414,40419,40422,40437,40440,40462,40464,40513,40515,40539,40541,40543,40558,40563,40571,40586,40588,40597,40600,40635,40639,40644,40648,40655,40690,40692,40708,40712,40715,40756,40758,40772,40776,40779,40803,40805,40814,40818,40821,40854,40856,40869,40873,40879,40898,40900,40908,40912,40917,40921,40927,40950,40952,40981,40984,41003,41007,41010,41037,41039,41073,41077,41080,41104,41108,41119,41121,41126,41132,41134,41218,41220,41262,41265,41269,41276,41285,41341,41348,41357,41362,41366,41437,41439,41448,41452,41455,41499,41501,41510,41514,41520,41570,41574,41579,41583,41607,41609,41618,41622,41646,41648,41659,41663,41687,41689,41698,41701,41718,41724,41728,41734,41737,41742,41745,41766,41768,41800,41803,41808,41810,41821,41823,41867,41871,41878,41930,41932,41941,41945,41948,42041,42044,42068,42072,42075,42167,42172,42176,42183,42188,42212,42214,42223,42228,42251,42253,42261,42268,42291,42299,42301,42314,42324,42326,42330,42337,42341,42350,42354,42361,42365,42369,42373,42386,42388,42418],[10,40317,40313],{"id":40318},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40320,16,40321,40323],{},[18,40322,3124],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40325,40326,40327,40329],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40328,3124],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[47,40331,50],{"id":49},[52,40333,40335],{"className":54,"code":40334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40336,40337,40351,40370],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40338,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40349],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40340,127],{"class":126},[61,40342,113],{"class":75},[61,40344,1213],{"class":109},[61,40346,113],{"class":75},[61,40348,945],{"class":79},[61,40350,480],{"class":75},[61,40352,40353,40355,40357,40359,40361,40363,40366,40368],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40354,127],{"class":126},[61,40356,113],{"class":75},[61,40358,1213],{"class":109},[61,40360,113],{"class":75},[61,40362,215],{"class":214},[61,40364,40365],{"class":218},"3.14",[61,40367,215],{"class":214},[61,40369,480],{"class":75},[61,40371,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,40373,127],{"class":126},[61,40375,113],{"class":75},[61,40377,1213],{"class":109},[61,40379,113],{"class":75},[61,40381,3837],{"class":1523},[61,40383,480],{"class":75},[14,40385,139],{},[52,40387,40389],{"className":54,"code":40388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40390,40391,40395,40400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40392,40393],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40394,2722],{"class":79},[61,40396,40397],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40398,40399],{"class":79},"3.14\n",[61,40401,40402],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,40403,40404],{"class":79},"1.0\n",[14,40406,165,40407,40409],{},[18,40408,3124],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[47,40411,40413],{"id":40412},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40415,40416,40418],{},[18,40417,3124],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40420,40421],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[34,40423,40424,40428,40432],{},[37,40425,40426],{},[18,40427,2734],{},[37,40429,40430],{},[18,40431,40365],{},[37,40433,40434],{},[18,40435,40436],{},"0.5",[14,40438,40439],{},"A few key points:",[34,40441,40442,40449,40452,40455],{},[37,40443,40444,40446,40447],{},[18,40445,3124],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40448,1213],{},[37,40450,40451],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[37,40453,40454],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[37,40456,40457,40458],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[334,40459,40460],{"href":8449},[18,40461,3197],{},[14,40463,197],{},[52,40465,40467],{"className":54,"code":40466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40468,40469,40489,40499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40470,40471,40473,40475,40478,40480,40482,40485,40487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40472,2464],{"class":67},[61,40474,72],{"class":71},[61,40476,40477],{"class":109}," float",[61,40479,113],{"class":75},[61,40481,215],{"class":214},[61,40483,40484],{"class":218},"2.75",[61,40486,215],{"class":214},[61,40488,120],{"class":75},[61,40490,40491,40493,40495,40497],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40492,127],{"class":126},[61,40494,113],{"class":75},[61,40496,2486],{"class":116},[61,40498,120],{"class":75},[61,40500,40501,40503,40505,40507,40509,40511],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,40502,127],{"class":126},[61,40504,113],{"class":75},[61,40506,648],{"class":109},[61,40508,113],{"class":75},[61,40510,2486],{"class":116},[61,40512,480],{"class":75},[14,40514,139],{},[52,40516,40518],{"className":54,"code":40517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40519,40520,40525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40521,40522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40523,40524],{"class":79},"2.75\n",[61,40526,40527,40529,40531,40533,40535,40537],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40528,672],{"class":71},[61,40530,676],{"class":675},[61,40532,308],{"class":214},[61,40534,1213],{"class":218},[61,40536,299],{"class":214},[61,40538,685],{"class":71},[47,40540,341],{"id":340},[14,40542,7448],{},[52,40544,40546],{"className":54,"code":40545,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"float(value)\n",[18,40547,40548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40549,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40551,1213],{"class":109},[61,40553,113],{"class":75},[61,40555,1783],{"class":116},[61,40557,120],{"class":75},[14,40559,40560,40561,26],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40562,3124],{},[14,40564,40565,40566,40568,40569,378],{},"If you call ",[18,40567,3124],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40570,4002],{},[52,40572,40574],{"className":54,"code":40573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float())\n",[18,40575,40576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40577,40578,40580,40582,40584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40579,127],{"class":126},[61,40581,113],{"class":75},[61,40583,1213],{"class":109},[61,40585,7424],{"class":75},[14,40587,139],{},[52,40589,40591],{"className":54,"code":40590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0.0\n",[18,40592,40593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40594,40595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40596,40590],{"class":79},[14,40598,40599],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[52,40601,40603],{"className":54,"code":40602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40604,40605,40625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40606,40607,40610,40612,40614,40616,40618,40621,40623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40608,40609],{"class":67},"price ",[61,40611,72],{"class":71},[61,40613,40477],{"class":109},[61,40615,113],{"class":75},[61,40617,215],{"class":214},[61,40619,40620],{"class":218},"19.99",[61,40622,215],{"class":214},[61,40624,120],{"class":75},[61,40626,40627,40629,40631,40633],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40628,127],{"class":126},[61,40630,113],{"class":75},[61,40632,25370],{"class":116},[61,40634,120],{"class":75},[47,40636,40638],{"id":40637},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40640,40641,40643],{},[18,40642,3124],{}," can convert several common value types.",[819,40645,40647],{"id":40646},"integers","Integers",[14,40649,40650,40651,40654],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40652,40653],{},".0"," added:",[52,40656,40658],{"className":54,"code":40657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40659,40660,40674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40661,40662,40664,40666,40668,40670,40672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40663,127],{"class":126},[61,40665,113],{"class":75},[61,40667,1213],{"class":109},[61,40669,113],{"class":75},[61,40671,945],{"class":79},[61,40673,480],{"class":75},[61,40675,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40677,127],{"class":126},[61,40679,113],{"class":75},[61,40681,1213],{"class":109},[61,40683,113],{"class":75},[61,40685,2275],{"class":71},[61,40687,2310],{"class":79},[61,40689,480],{"class":75},[14,40691,139],{},[52,40693,40695],{"className":54,"code":40694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40696,40697,40701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40698,40699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40700,2722],{"class":79},[61,40702,40703,40705],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40704,2275],{"class":71},[61,40706,40707],{"class":79},"2.0\n",[819,40709,40711],{"id":40710},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40713,40714],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[52,40716,40718],{"className":54,"code":40717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40719,40720,40738],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40721,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40723,127],{"class":126},[61,40725,113],{"class":75},[61,40727,1213],{"class":109},[61,40729,113],{"class":75},[61,40731,215],{"class":214},[61,40733,40365],{"class":218},[61,40735,215],{"class":214},[61,40737,480],{"class":75},[61,40739,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40741,127],{"class":126},[61,40743,113],{"class":75},[61,40745,1213],{"class":109},[61,40747,113],{"class":75},[61,40749,215],{"class":214},[61,40751,447],{"class":218},[61,40753,215],{"class":214},[61,40755,480],{"class":75},[14,40757,139],{},[52,40759,40761],{"className":54,"code":40760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40762,40763,40767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40764,40765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40766,40399],{"class":79},[61,40768,40769],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40770,40771],{"class":79},"10.0\n",[819,40773,40775],{"id":40774},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40777,40778],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[52,40780,40782],{"className":54,"code":40781,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40783,40784],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40785,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40796,40799,40801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40787,127],{"class":126},[61,40789,113],{"class":75},[61,40791,1213],{"class":109},[61,40793,113],{"class":75},[61,40795,215],{"class":214},[61,40797,40798],{"class":218},"  8.5  ",[61,40800,215],{"class":214},[61,40802,480],{"class":75},[14,40804,139],{},[52,40806,40808],{"className":54,"code":40807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8.5\n",[18,40809,40810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40811,40812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40813,40807],{"class":79},[819,40815,40817],{"id":40816},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40819,40820],{},"Boolean values also work:",[52,40822,40824],{"className":54,"code":40823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40825,40826,40840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40827,40828,40830,40832,40834,40836,40838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40829,127],{"class":126},[61,40831,113],{"class":75},[61,40833,1213],{"class":109},[61,40835,113],{"class":75},[61,40837,3837],{"class":1523},[61,40839,480],{"class":75},[61,40841,40842,40844,40846,40848,40850,40852],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40843,127],{"class":126},[61,40845,113],{"class":75},[61,40847,1213],{"class":109},[61,40849,113],{"class":75},[61,40851,3907],{"class":1523},[61,40853,480],{"class":75},[14,40855,139],{},[52,40857,40859],{"className":54,"code":40858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40860,40861,40865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40862,40863],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40864,40404],{"class":79},[61,40866,40867],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,40868,40590],{"class":79},[819,40870,40872],{"id":40871},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40874,40875,40876,40878],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40877,3124],{}," returns a float version of it:",[52,40880,40882],{"className":54,"code":40881,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40883,40884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40885,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40887,127],{"class":126},[61,40889,113],{"class":75},[61,40891,1213],{"class":109},[61,40893,113],{"class":75},[61,40895,2607],{"class":79},[61,40897,480],{"class":75},[14,40899,139],{},[52,40901,40902],{"className":54,"code":2631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,40903,40904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40905,40906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40907,2631],{"class":79},[47,40909,40911],{"id":40910},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40913,40914,40915,26],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40916,3124],{},[819,40918,40920],{"id":40919},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40922,40923,40924,378],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40925,40926],{},"ValueError",[52,40928,40930],{"className":54,"code":40929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40931,40932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40933,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40935,127],{"class":126},[61,40937,113],{"class":75},[61,40939,1213],{"class":109},[61,40941,113],{"class":75},[61,40943,215],{"class":214},[61,40945,475],{"class":218},[61,40947,215],{"class":214},[61,40949,480],{"class":75},[14,40951,29902],{},[52,40953,40955],{"className":54,"code":40954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40956,40957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40958,40959,40961,40963,40966,40968,40971,40973,40975,40977,40979],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40960,40926],{"class":109},[61,40962,378],{"class":75},[61,40964,40965],{"class":67}," could ",[61,40967,704],{"class":71},[61,40969,40970],{"class":67}," convert string to ",[61,40972,1213],{"class":109},[61,40974,378],{"class":75},[61,40976,308],{"class":214},[61,40978,475],{"class":218},[61,40980,29921],{"class":214},[14,40982,40983],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[52,40985,40987],{"className":54,"code":40986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40988,40989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,40990,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,40992,127],{"class":126},[61,40994,113],{"class":75},[61,40996,1213],{"class":109},[61,40998,113],{"class":75},[61,41000,6500],{"class":214},[61,41002,480],{"class":75},[819,41004,41006],{"id":41005},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,41008,41009],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[52,41011,41013],{"className":54,"code":41012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,41014,41015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41016,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41033,41035],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41018,127],{"class":126},[61,41020,113],{"class":75},[61,41022,1213],{"class":109},[61,41024,416],{"class":75},[61,41026,80],{"class":79},[61,41028,83],{"class":75},[61,41030,86],{"class":79},[61,41032,83],{"class":75},[61,41034,95],{"class":79},[61,41036,433],{"class":75},[14,41038,29902],{},[52,41040,41042],{"className":54,"code":41041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,41043,41044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41045,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41057,41060,41063,41065,41067,41069,41071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41047,1334],{"class":109},[61,41049,378],{"class":75},[61,41051,40477],{"class":109},[61,41053,7596],{"class":75},[61,41055,41056],{"class":67}," argument must be a string ",[61,41058,41059],{"class":71},"or",[61,41061,41062],{"class":67}," a real number",[61,41064,83],{"class":75},[61,41066,8329],{"class":71},[61,41068,308],{"class":214},[61,41070,383],{"class":218},[61,41072,29921],{"class":214},[819,41074,41076],{"id":41075},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41078,41079],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[52,41081,41083],{"className":54,"code":41082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,41084,41085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41086,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095,41097,41100,41102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41088,127],{"class":126},[61,41090,113],{"class":75},[61,41092,1213],{"class":109},[61,41094,113],{"class":75},[61,41096,215],{"class":214},[61,41098,41099],{"class":218},"3,14",[61,41101,215],{"class":214},[61,41103,480],{"class":75},[14,41105,1815,41106,26],{},[18,41107,40926],{},[14,41109,41110,41111,4621,41115,26],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[334,41112,41114],{"href":41113},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[334,41116,41118],{"href":41117},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[47,41120,17640],{"id":17639},[14,41122,41123,41125],{},[18,41124,3124],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41127,41128,41129,41131],{},"It does ",[23,41130,704],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41133,197],{},[52,41135,41137],{"className":54,"code":41136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,41138,41139,41152,41166,41170,41180,41190,41204],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41140,41141,41143,41145,41147,41150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41142,1033],{"class":67},[61,41144,72],{"class":71},[61,41146,226],{"class":214},[61,41148,41149],{"class":218},"6.5",[61,41151,1043],{"class":214},[61,41153,41154,41156,41158,41160,41162,41164],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41155,2464],{"class":67},[61,41157,72],{"class":71},[61,41159,40477],{"class":109},[61,41161,113],{"class":75},[61,41163,1056],{"class":116},[61,41165,120],{"class":75},[61,41167,41168],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41169,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41171,41172,41174,41176,41178],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41173,127],{"class":126},[61,41175,113],{"class":75},[61,41177,1056],{"class":116},[61,41179,120],{"class":75},[61,41181,41182,41184,41186,41188],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,41183,127],{"class":126},[61,41185,113],{"class":75},[61,41187,2486],{"class":116},[61,41189,120],{"class":75},[61,41191,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200,41202],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,41193,127],{"class":126},[61,41195,113],{"class":75},[61,41197,648],{"class":109},[61,41199,113],{"class":75},[61,41201,1056],{"class":116},[61,41203,480],{"class":75},[61,41205,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,41207,127],{"class":126},[61,41209,113],{"class":75},[61,41211,648],{"class":109},[61,41213,113],{"class":75},[61,41215,2486],{"class":116},[61,41217,480],{"class":75},[14,41219,139],{},[52,41221,41223],{"className":54,"code":41222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,41224,41225,41230,41234,41248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41226,41227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41228,41229],{"class":79},"6.5\n",[61,41231,41232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41233,41229],{"class":79},[61,41235,41236,41238,41240,41242,41244,41246],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41237,672],{"class":71},[61,41239,676],{"class":675},[61,41241,308],{"class":214},[61,41243,1208],{"class":218},[61,41245,299],{"class":214},[61,41247,685],{"class":71},[61,41249,41250,41252,41254,41256,41258,41260],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41251,672],{"class":71},[61,41253,676],{"class":675},[61,41255,308],{"class":214},[61,41257,1213],{"class":218},[61,41259,299],{"class":214},[61,41261,685],{"class":71},[14,41263,41264],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[47,41266,41268],{"id":41267},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[819,41270,41272,41273,41275],{"id":41271},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41274,3197],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41277,2233,41278,41282,41283,26],{},[334,41279,41280,2548],{"href":8449},[18,41281,3197],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41284,3124],{},[52,41286,41288],{"className":54,"code":41287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41289,41290,41309,41323,41327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41291,41292,41294,41296,41298,41300,41302,41305,41307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41293,8467],{"class":67},[61,41295,72],{"class":71},[61,41297,8472],{"class":126},[61,41299,113],{"class":75},[61,41301,215],{"class":214},[61,41303,41304],{"class":218},"Enter a price: ",[61,41306,215],{"class":214},[61,41308,120],{"class":75},[61,41310,41311,41313,41315,41317,41319,41321],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41312,40609],{"class":67},[61,41314,72],{"class":71},[61,41316,40477],{"class":109},[61,41318,113],{"class":75},[61,41320,8496],{"class":116},[61,41322,120],{"class":75},[61,41324,41325],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41326,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41330,127],{"class":126},[61,41332,113],{"class":75},[61,41334,40609],{"class":116},[61,41336,40094],{"class":71},[61,41338,86],{"class":79},[61,41340,120],{"class":75},[14,41342,41343,41344,41347],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41345,41346],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[52,41349,41351],{"className":54,"code":41350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"9.0\n",[18,41352,41353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41354,41355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41356,41350],{"class":79},[14,41358,41359,41360,26],{},"For more help with this, see ",[334,41361,9207],{"href":9206},[819,41363,41365],{"id":41364},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[52,41367,41369],{"className":54,"code":41368,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41370,41371,41384,41397,41401,41426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41372,41373,41375,41377,41379,41382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41374,717],{"class":67},[61,41376,72],{"class":71},[61,41378,226],{"class":214},[61,41380,41381],{"class":218},"2.5",[61,41383,1043],{"class":214},[61,41385,41386,41388,41390,41392,41395],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41387,728],{"class":67},[61,41389,72],{"class":71},[61,41391,226],{"class":214},[61,41393,41394],{"class":218},"1.5",[61,41396,1043],{"class":214},[61,41398,41399],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41400,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41402,41403,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41418,41420,41422,41424],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41404,41405],{"class":67},"total ",[61,41407,72],{"class":71},[61,41409,40477],{"class":109},[61,41411,113],{"class":75},[61,41413,334],{"class":116},[61,41415,3893],{"class":75},[61,41417,2698],{"class":71},[61,41419,40477],{"class":109},[61,41421,113],{"class":75},[61,41423,765],{"class":116},[61,41425,120],{"class":75},[61,41427,41428,41430,41432,41435],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,41429,127],{"class":126},[61,41431,113],{"class":75},[61,41433,41434],{"class":116},"total",[61,41436,120],{"class":75},[14,41438,139],{},[52,41440,41442],{"className":54,"code":41441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4.0\n",[18,41443,41444],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41445,41446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41447,41441],{"class":79},[819,41449,41451],{"id":41450},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41453,41454],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[52,41456,41458],{"className":54,"code":41457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41459,41460,41470,41485,41489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41461,41462,41465,41467],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41463,41464],{"class":67},"count ",[61,41466,72],{"class":71},[61,41468,41469],{"class":79}," 7\n",[61,41471,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480,41483],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41473,869],{"class":67},[61,41475,72],{"class":71},[61,41477,40477],{"class":109},[61,41479,113],{"class":75},[61,41481,41482],{"class":116},"count",[61,41484,120],{"class":75},[61,41486,41487],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41488,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41490,41491,41493,41495,41497],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41492,127],{"class":126},[61,41494,113],{"class":75},[61,41496,892],{"class":116},[61,41498,120],{"class":75},[14,41500,139],{},[52,41502,41504],{"className":54,"code":41503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.0\n",[18,41505,41506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41507,41508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41509,41503],{"class":79},[819,41511,41513],{"id":41512},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41515,41516,41517,41519],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41518,3124],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[52,41521,41523],{"className":54,"code":41522,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41524,41525,41539,41555,41559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41526,41527,41530,41532,41534,41537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41528,41529],{"class":67},"temperature_text ",[61,41531,72],{"class":71},[61,41533,226],{"class":214},[61,41535,41536],{"class":218},"21.8",[61,41538,1043],{"class":214},[61,41540,41541,41544,41546,41548,41550,41553],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41542,41543],{"class":67},"temperature ",[61,41545,72],{"class":71},[61,41547,40477],{"class":109},[61,41549,113],{"class":75},[61,41551,41552],{"class":116},"temperature_text",[61,41554,120],{"class":75},[61,41556,41557],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41558,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41560,41561,41563,41565,41568],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41562,127],{"class":126},[61,41564,113],{"class":75},[61,41566,41567],{"class":116},"temperature",[61,41569,120],{"class":75},[47,41571,41573],{"id":41572},"special-values","Special values",[14,41575,41576,41578],{},[18,41577,3124],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[819,41580,41582],{"id":41581},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[52,41584,41586],{"className":54,"code":41585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41587,41588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41589,41590,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41603,41605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41591,127],{"class":126},[61,41593,113],{"class":75},[61,41595,1213],{"class":109},[61,41597,113],{"class":75},[61,41599,215],{"class":214},[61,41601,41602],{"class":218},"inf",[61,41604,215],{"class":214},[61,41606,480],{"class":75},[14,41608,139],{},[52,41610,41612],{"className":54,"code":41611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"inf\n",[18,41613,41614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41615,41616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41617,41611],{"class":67},[819,41619,41621],{"id":41620},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[52,41623,41625],{"className":54,"code":41624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41626,41627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41628,41629,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41642,41644],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41630,127],{"class":126},[61,41632,113],{"class":75},[61,41634,1213],{"class":109},[61,41636,113],{"class":75},[61,41638,215],{"class":214},[61,41640,41641],{"class":218},"-inf",[61,41643,215],{"class":214},[61,41645,480],{"class":75},[14,41647,139],{},[52,41649,41651],{"className":54,"code":41650,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"-inf\n",[18,41652,41653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41654,41655,41657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41656,2275],{"class":71},[61,41658,41611],{"class":67},[819,41660,41662],{"id":41661},"not-a-number","Not a number",[52,41664,41666],{"className":54,"code":41665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41667,41668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41669,41670,41672,41674,41676,41678,41680,41683,41685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41671,127],{"class":126},[61,41673,113],{"class":75},[61,41675,1213],{"class":109},[61,41677,113],{"class":75},[61,41679,215],{"class":214},[61,41681,41682],{"class":218},"nan",[61,41684,215],{"class":214},[61,41686,480],{"class":75},[14,41688,139],{},[52,41690,41692],{"className":54,"code":41691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nan\n",[18,41693,41694],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41695,41696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41697,41691],{"class":67},[14,41699,41700],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[34,41702,41703,41708,41713],{},[37,41704,41705,41707],{},[18,41706,41602],{}," means positive infinity",[37,41709,41710,41712],{},[18,41711,41641],{}," means negative infinity",[37,41714,41715,41717],{},[18,41716,41682],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41719,41720,41721,41723],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41722,3124],{}," accepts them.",[47,41725,41727],{"id":41726},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41729,41730,41731,41733],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41732,3124],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[819,41735,40926],{"id":41736},"valueerror",[14,41738,15410,41739,41741],{},[18,41740,40926],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41743,41744],{},"Common causes:",[34,41746,41747,41753,41756,41759],{},[37,41748,41749,41750],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41751,41752],{},"\"abc\"",[37,41754,41755],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[37,41757,41758],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[37,41760,4932,41761],{},[334,41762,41763,41765],{"href":8449},[18,41764,3197],{}," returns a string",[14,41767,197],{},[52,41769,41771],{"className":54,"code":41770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41772,41773,41786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41774,41775,41777,41779,41781,41784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41776,1766],{"class":67},[61,41778,72],{"class":71},[61,41780,226],{"class":214},[61,41782,41783],{"class":218},"abc",[61,41785,1043],{"class":214},[61,41787,41788,41790,41792,41794,41796,41798],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41789,127],{"class":126},[61,41791,113],{"class":75},[61,41793,1213],{"class":109},[61,41795,113],{"class":75},[61,41797,1783],{"class":116},[61,41799,480],{"class":75},[819,41801,1334],{"id":41802},"typeerror",[14,41804,15410,41805,41807],{},[18,41806,1334],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41809,41744],{},[34,41811,41812,41815,41818],{},[37,41813,41814],{},"Passing a list",[37,41816,41817],{},"Passing a dictionary",[37,41819,41820],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41822,197],{},[52,41824,41826],{"className":54,"code":41825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41827,41828,41853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41829,41830,41832,41834,41836,41838,41840,41842,41844,41846,41849,41851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41831,1766],{"class":67},[61,41833,72],{"class":71},[61,41835,1235],{"class":75},[61,41837,215],{"class":214},[61,41839,25370],{"class":218},[61,41841,215],{"class":214},[61,41843,378],{"class":75},[61,41845,226],{"class":214},[61,41847,41848],{"class":218},"9.99",[61,41850,215],{"class":214},[61,41852,162],{"class":75},[61,41854,41855,41857,41859,41861,41863,41865],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41856,127],{"class":126},[61,41858,113],{"class":75},[61,41860,1213],{"class":109},[61,41862,113],{"class":75},[61,41864,1783],{"class":116},[61,41866,480],{"class":75},[819,41868,41870],{"id":41869},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41872,41873,41874,41877],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41875,41876],{},"strip()"," can help:",[52,41879,41881],{"className":54,"code":41880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41882,41883,41896,41911,41915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41884,41885,41887,41889,41891,41894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41886,1766],{"class":67},[61,41888,72],{"class":71},[61,41890,226],{"class":214},[61,41892,41893],{"class":218},"  7.25  ",[61,41895,1043],{"class":214},[61,41897,41898,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41899,41900],{"class":67},"clean_value ",[61,41902,72],{"class":71},[61,41904,8663],{"class":67},[61,41906,26],{"class":75},[61,41908,8864],{"class":116},[61,41910,628],{"class":75},[61,41912,41913],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41914,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41916,41917,41919,41921,41923,41925,41928],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41918,127],{"class":126},[61,41920,113],{"class":75},[61,41922,1213],{"class":109},[61,41924,113],{"class":75},[61,41926,41927],{"class":116},"clean_value",[61,41929,480],{"class":75},[14,41931,139],{},[52,41933,41935],{"className":54,"code":41934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.25\n",[18,41936,41937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41938,41939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41940,41934],{"class":79},[819,41942,41944],{"id":41943},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41946,41947],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[52,41949,41951],{"className":54,"code":41950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41952,41953,41966,41970,41980,41994,42009,42013,42027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,41954,41955,41957,41959,41961,41964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,41956,1766],{"class":67},[61,41958,72],{"class":71},[61,41960,226],{"class":214},[61,41962,41963],{"class":218}," 3.5 ",[61,41965,1043],{"class":214},[61,41967,41968],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,41969,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,41971,41972,41974,41976,41978],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,41973,127],{"class":126},[61,41975,113],{"class":75},[61,41977,1783],{"class":116},[61,41979,120],{"class":75},[61,41981,41982,41984,41986,41988,41990,41992],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,41983,127],{"class":126},[61,41985,113],{"class":75},[61,41987,648],{"class":109},[61,41989,113],{"class":75},[61,41991,1783],{"class":116},[61,41993,480],{"class":75},[61,41995,41996,41998,42000,42003,42005,42007],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,41997,127],{"class":126},[61,41999,113],{"class":75},[61,42001,42002],{"class":126},"repr",[61,42004,113],{"class":75},[61,42006,1783],{"class":116},[61,42008,480],{"class":75},[61,42010,42011],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,42012,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,42014,42015,42017,42019,42021,42023,42025],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,42016,41900],{"class":67},[61,42018,72],{"class":71},[61,42020,8663],{"class":67},[61,42022,26],{"class":75},[61,42024,8864],{"class":116},[61,42026,628],{"class":75},[61,42028,42029,42031,42033,42035,42037,42039],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,42030,127],{"class":126},[61,42032,113],{"class":75},[61,42034,1213],{"class":109},[61,42036,113],{"class":75},[61,42038,41927],{"class":116},[61,42040,480],{"class":75},[14,42042,42043],{},"Why this helps:",[34,42045,42046,42052,42057,42063],{},[37,42047,42048,42051],{},[18,42049,42050],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[37,42053,42054,21587],{},[18,42055,42056],{},"print(type(value))",[37,42058,42059,42062],{},[18,42060,42061],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[37,42064,42065,42067],{},[18,42066,41876],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[819,42069,42071],{"id":42070},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42073,42074],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[52,42076,42078],{"className":54,"code":42077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,42079,42080,42099,42103,42109,42124,42143,42152],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092,42095,42097],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42083,1766],{"class":67},[61,42085,72],{"class":71},[61,42087,8472],{"class":126},[61,42089,113],{"class":75},[61,42091,215],{"class":214},[61,42093,42094],{"class":218},"Enter a number: ",[61,42096,215],{"class":214},[61,42098,120],{"class":75},[61,42100,42101],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42102,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,42104,42105,42107],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,42106,30025],{"class":1490},[61,42108,6621],{"class":75},[61,42110,42111,42114,42116,42118,42120,42122],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,42112,42113],{"class":67},"    number ",[61,42115,72],{"class":71},[61,42117,40477],{"class":109},[61,42119,113],{"class":75},[61,42121,1783],{"class":116},[61,42123,120],{"class":75},[61,42125,42126,42128,42130,42132,42135,42137,42139,42141],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,42127,8299],{"class":126},[61,42129,113],{"class":75},[61,42131,215],{"class":214},[61,42133,42134],{"class":218},"Converted:",[61,42136,215],{"class":214},[61,42138,83],{"class":75},[61,42140,2444],{"class":116},[61,42142,120],{"class":75},[61,42144,42145,42147,42150],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,42146,30056],{"class":1490},[61,42148,42149],{"class":109}," ValueError",[61,42151,6621],{"class":75},[61,42153,42154,42156,42158,42160,42163,42165],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,42155,8299],{"class":126},[61,42157,113],{"class":75},[61,42159,215],{"class":214},[61,42161,42162],{"class":218},"That is not a valid number.",[61,42164,215],{"class":214},[61,42166,120],{"class":75},[14,42168,42169,42170,26],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[334,42171,41118],{"href":41117},[47,42173,42175],{"id":42174},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42177,10811,42178,4621,42180,42182],{},[18,42179,3124],{},[18,42181,3118],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42184,42185,42187],{},[18,42186,3124],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[52,42189,42191],{"className":54,"code":42190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42192,42193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42194,42195,42197,42199,42201,42203,42205,42208,42210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42196,127],{"class":126},[61,42198,113],{"class":75},[61,42200,1213],{"class":109},[61,42202,113],{"class":75},[61,42204,215],{"class":214},[61,42206,42207],{"class":218},"3.9",[61,42209,215],{"class":214},[61,42211,480],{"class":75},[14,42213,139],{},[52,42215,42217],{"className":54,"code":42216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.9\n",[18,42218,42219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42220,42221],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42222,42216],{"class":79},[14,42224,42225,42227],{},[18,42226,3118],{}," creates whole numbers:",[52,42229,42231],{"className":54,"code":42230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,42232,42233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42234,42235,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42236,127],{"class":126},[61,42238,113],{"class":75},[61,42240,1203],{"class":109},[61,42242,113],{"class":75},[61,42244,215],{"class":214},[61,42246,447],{"class":218},[61,42248,215],{"class":214},[61,42250,480],{"class":75},[14,42252,139],{},[52,42254,42255],{"className":54,"code":2621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,42256,42257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42258,42259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42260,2621],{"class":79},[14,42262,42263,42264,42267],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42265,42266],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[52,42269,42271],{"className":54,"code":42270,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42272,42273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42274,42275,42277,42279,42281,42283,42285,42287,42289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42276,127],{"class":126},[61,42278,113],{"class":75},[61,42280,1203],{"class":109},[61,42282,113],{"class":75},[61,42284,215],{"class":214},[61,42286,42207],{"class":218},[61,42288,215],{"class":214},[61,42290,480],{"class":75},[14,42292,1815,42293,8831,42295,42298],{},[18,42294,40926],{},[18,42296,42297],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42300,10933],{},[34,42302,42303,42309],{},[37,42304,42305,42308],{},[18,42306,42307],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[37,42310,42311,42313],{},[18,42312,42266],{}," fails",[14,42315,42316,42317,42320,42321,42323],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[334,42318,42319],{"href":3115},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[334,42322,2665],{"href":2664}," helpful.",[47,42325,1987],{"id":1986},[819,42327,42329],{"id":42328},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42331,42332,42333,1881,42335,26],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42334,2734],{},[18,42336,40365],{},[819,42338,42340],{"id":42339},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42342,42343,42344,1881,42347,26],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42345,42346],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42348,42349],{},"\"10\"",[819,42351,42353],{"id":42352},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42355,29282,42356,42358,42359,26],{},[18,42357,41752],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42360,40926],{},[819,42362,42364],{"id":42363},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42366,5377,42367,26],{},[18,42368,4002],{},[819,42370,42372],{"id":42371},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42374,42375,42376,42378,42379,4621,42382,42378,42384,26],{},"Yes. ",[18,42377,3837],{}," becomes ",[18,42380,42381],{},"1.0",[18,42383,3907],{},[18,42385,4002],{},[47,42387,2144],{"id":2143},[34,42389,42390,42394,42400,42405,42409,42413],{},[37,42391,42392],{},[334,42393,42319],{"href":3115},[37,42395,42396],{},[334,42397,42399],{"href":42398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[37,42401,42402],{},[334,42403,42404],{"href":41113},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[37,42406,42407],{},[334,42408,9284],{"href":9206},[37,42410,42411],{},[334,42412,41118],{"href":41117},[37,42414,42415],{},[334,42416,42417],{"href":8449},"Python input() Function Explained",[2169,42419,42420],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":42422},[42423,42424,42425,42426,42433,42438,42439,42446,42451,42458,42459,42466],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":40412,"depth":101,"text":40413},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":40637,"depth":101,"text":40638,"children":42427},[42428,42429,42430,42431,42432],{"id":40646,"depth":123,"text":40647},{"id":40710,"depth":123,"text":40711},{"id":40774,"depth":123,"text":40775},{"id":40816,"depth":123,"text":40817},{"id":40871,"depth":123,"text":40872},{"id":40910,"depth":101,"text":40911,"children":42434},[42435,42436,42437],{"id":40919,"depth":123,"text":40920},{"id":41005,"depth":123,"text":41006},{"id":41075,"depth":123,"text":41076},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":41267,"depth":101,"text":41268,"children":42440},[42441,42443,42444,42445],{"id":41271,"depth":123,"text":42442},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41364,"depth":123,"text":41365},{"id":41450,"depth":123,"text":41451},{"id":41512,"depth":123,"text":41513},{"id":41572,"depth":101,"text":41573,"children":42447},[42448,42449,42450],{"id":41581,"depth":123,"text":41582},{"id":41620,"depth":123,"text":41621},{"id":41661,"depth":123,"text":41662},{"id":41726,"depth":101,"text":41727,"children":42452},[42453,42454,42455,42456,42457],{"id":41736,"depth":123,"text":40926},{"id":41802,"depth":123,"text":1334},{"id":41869,"depth":123,"text":41870},{"id":41943,"depth":123,"text":41944},{"id":42070,"depth":123,"text":42071},{"id":42174,"depth":101,"text":42175},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":42460},[42461,42462,42463,42464,42465],{"id":42328,"depth":123,"text":42329},{"id":42339,"depth":123,"text":42340},{"id":42352,"depth":123,"text":42353},{"id":42363,"depth":123,"text":42364},{"id":42371,"depth":123,"text":42372},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40313,"description":42467},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42474,"title":42475,"body":42476,"description":43697,"extension":2216,"meta":43698,"navigation":271,"path":35245,"seo":43699,"stem":43700,"__hash__":43701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42477,"toc":43663},[42478,42481,42486,42489,42491,42530,42544,42548,42553,42556,42573,42576,42586,42601,42604,42606,42609,42625,42628,42631,42651,42655,42666,42669,42673,42677,42691,42726,42730,42741,42776,42779,42781,42789,42822,42838,42840,42850,42871,42882,42884,42889,42892,42906,42908,42927,42930,42943,42946,42950,42954,42968,42971,42989,42992,43007,43011,43016,43030,43036,43038,43095,43097,43130,43133,43149,43153,43160,43164,43169,43172,43183,43187,43192,43207,43216,43221,43240,43243,43255,43257,43262,43272,43275,43304,43309,43318,43322,43327,43330,43334,43339,43341,43371,43374,43381,43386,43391,43395,43398,43406,43409,43487,43490,43512,43514,43518,43521,43525,43531,43594,43598,43606,43610,43613,43615,43640,43660],[10,42479,42475],{"id":42480},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42482,3815,42483,42485],{},[18,42484,35248],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42487,42488],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[47,42490,50],{"id":49},[52,42492,42494],{"className":54,"code":42493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42495,42496,42506,42516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42497,42498,42500,42502,42504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42499,32373],{"class":126},[61,42501,113],{"class":75},[61,42503,1948],{"class":126},[61,42505,120],{"class":75},[61,42507,42508,42510,42512,42514],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42509,32373],{"class":126},[61,42511,113],{"class":75},[61,42513,1208],{"class":109},[61,42515,120],{"class":75},[61,42517,42518,42520,42522,42524,42526,42528],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,42519,32373],{"class":126},[61,42521,113],{"class":75},[61,42523,299],{"class":214},[61,42525,34881],{"class":218},[61,42527,299],{"class":214},[61,42529,120],{"class":75},[14,42531,165,42532,42534,42535,1881,42537,42539,42540,42543],{},[18,42533,35248],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42536,1948],{},[18,42538,1208],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42541,42542],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[47,42545,42547],{"id":42546},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42549,42550,42552],{},[18,42551,35248],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42554,42555],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[34,42557,42558,42561,42564,42567,42570],{},[37,42559,42560],{},"Functions",[37,42562,42563],{},"Classes",[37,42565,42566],{},"Methods",[37,42568,42569],{},"Modules",[37,42571,42572],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42574,42575],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42577,42578,42579,42585],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[334,42580,42582],{"href":42581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42583,42584],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[52,42587,42589],{"className":54,"code":42588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\n",[18,42590,42591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42592,42593,42595,42597,42599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42594,32373],{"class":126},[61,42596,113],{"class":75},[61,42598,1948],{"class":126},[61,42600,120],{"class":75},[14,42602,42603],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[47,42605,341],{"id":340},[14,42607,42608],{},"The main form is:",[52,42610,42612],{"className":54,"code":42611,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(object)\n",[18,42613,42614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42615,42616,42618,42620,42623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42617,32373],{"class":126},[61,42619,113],{"class":75},[61,42621,42622],{"class":109},"object",[61,42624,120],{"class":75},[14,42626,42627],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42629,42630],{},"Common examples include:",[34,42632,42633,42637,42642,42646],{},[37,42634,42635],{},[18,42636,1948],{},[37,42638,42639],{},[18,42640,42641],{},"list.append",[37,42643,42644],{},[18,42645,1208],{},[37,42647,42648],{},[18,42649,42650],{},"open",[14,42652,7405,42653,7408],{},[18,42654,35248],{},[52,42656,42658],{"className":54,"code":42657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help()\n",[18,42659,42660],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42661,42662,42664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42663,32373],{"class":126},[61,42665,628],{"class":75},[14,42667,42668],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[47,42670,42672],{"id":42671},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[819,42674,42676],{"id":42675},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42678,42679,42680,2437,42682,2437,42684,17293,42687,26],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42681,1948],{},[18,42683,127],{},[18,42685,42686],{},"input",[334,42688,42689],{"href":2544},[18,42690,2547],{},[52,42692,42694],{"className":54,"code":42693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42695,42696,42706,42716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42697,42698,42700,42702,42704],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42699,32373],{"class":126},[61,42701,113],{"class":75},[61,42703,127],{"class":126},[61,42705,120],{"class":75},[61,42707,42708,42710,42712,42714],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42709,32373],{"class":126},[61,42711,113],{"class":75},[61,42713,42686],{"class":126},[61,42715,120],{"class":75},[61,42717,42718,42720,42722,42724],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,42719,32373],{"class":126},[61,42721,113],{"class":75},[61,42723,648],{"class":109},[61,42725,120],{"class":75},[819,42727,42729],{"id":42728},"data-types","Data types",[14,42731,42732,42733,2437,42735,2437,42737,17293,42739,26],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42734,1208],{},[18,42736,383],{},[18,42738,799],{},[18,42740,354],{},[52,42742,42744],{"className":54,"code":42743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42745,42746,42756,42766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42747,42748,42750,42752,42754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42749,32373],{"class":126},[61,42751,113],{"class":75},[61,42753,1208],{"class":109},[61,42755,120],{"class":75},[61,42757,42758,42760,42762,42764],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42759,32373],{"class":126},[61,42761,113],{"class":75},[61,42763,383],{"class":109},[61,42765,120],{"class":75},[61,42767,42768,42770,42772,42774],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,42769,32373],{"class":126},[61,42771,113],{"class":75},[61,42773,799],{"class":109},[61,42775,120],{"class":75},[14,42777,42778],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[819,42780,42566],{"id":34728},[14,42782,42783,42784,4621,42787,26],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42785,42786],{},"str.split",[18,42788,42641],{},[52,42790,42792],{"className":54,"code":42791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42793,42794,42808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42795,42796,42798,42800,42802,42804,42806],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42797,32373],{"class":126},[61,42799,113],{"class":75},[61,42801,1208],{"class":109},[61,42803,26],{"class":75},[61,42805,34691],{"class":24971},[61,42807,120],{"class":75},[61,42809,42810,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42811,32373],{"class":126},[61,42813,113],{"class":75},[61,42815,383],{"class":109},[61,42817,26],{"class":75},[61,42819,13775],{"class":24971},[61,42821,120],{"class":75},[14,42823,42824,42825,1877,42827,28535,42832,42834,42835,42837],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42826,35248],{},[334,42828,42830],{"href":42829},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42831,34533],{},[18,42833,34533],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42836,35248],{}," explains one of them.",[819,42839,42569],{"id":34881},[14,42841,42842,42843,2437,42845,17293,42847,26],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42844,18636],{},[18,42846,35411],{},[18,42848,42849],{},"os",[52,42851,42853],{"className":54,"code":42852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42854,42855,42861],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42856,42857,42859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42858,35312],{"class":1490},[61,42860,35315],{"class":67},[61,42862,42863,42865,42867,42869],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,42864,32373],{"class":126},[61,42866,113],{"class":75},[61,42868,18636],{"class":116},[61,42870,120],{"class":75},[14,42872,42873,42874,42878,42879,26],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[334,42875,42877],{"href":42876},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[334,42880,35378],{"href":42881},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[47,42883,35139],{"id":35138},[14,42885,42886,42888],{},[18,42887,35248],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42890,42891],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[34,42893,42894,42897,42900,42903],{},[37,42895,42896],{},"The function signature",[37,42898,42899],{},"The short description",[37,42901,42902],{},"Parameter names",[37,42904,42905],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42907,5701],{},[52,42909,42911],{"className":54,"code":42910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42912,42913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42914,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42916,32373],{"class":126},[61,42918,113],{"class":75},[61,42920,1208],{"class":109},[61,42922,26],{"class":75},[61,42924,34691],{"class":24971},[61,42926,120],{"class":75},[14,42928,42929],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[34,42931,42932,42935,42938,42940],{},[37,42933,42934],{},"What object this is",[37,42936,42937],{},"What arguments it accepts",[37,42939,22190],{},[37,42941,42942],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42944,42945],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[47,42947,42949],{"id":42948},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42951,42952,30095],{},[18,42953,35248],{},[34,42955,42956,42959,42962,42965],{},[37,42957,42958],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[37,42960,42961],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[37,42963,42964],{},"You are exploring a new module",[37,42966,42967],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42969,42970],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[52,42972,42973],{"className":54,"code":42910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,42974,42975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42976,42977,42979,42981,42983,42985,42987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,42978,32373],{"class":126},[61,42980,113],{"class":75},[61,42982,1208],{"class":109},[61,42984,26],{"class":75},[61,42986,34691],{"class":24971},[61,42988,120],{"class":75},[14,42990,42991],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[52,42993,42995],{"className":54,"code":42994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(open)\n",[18,42996,42997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,42998,42999,43001,43003,43005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43000,32373],{"class":126},[61,43002,113],{"class":75},[61,43004,42650],{"class":126},[61,43006,120],{"class":75},[47,43008,43010],{"id":43009},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,43012,43013,43015],{},[18,43014,35248],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[34,43017,43018,43021,43024,43027],{},[37,43019,43020],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[37,43022,43023],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[37,43025,43026],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[37,43028,43029],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,43031,43032,43033,43035],{},"So, ",[18,43034,35248],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,43037,5701],{},[52,43039,43041],{"className":54,"code":43040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,43042,43043,43056,43080,43084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43044,43045,43047,43049,43051,43054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43046,1033],{"class":67},[61,43048,72],{"class":71},[61,43050,226],{"class":214},[61,43052,43053],{"class":218},"a,b,c",[61,43055,1043],{"class":214},[61,43057,43058,43061,43063,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43059,43060],{"class":67},"parts ",[61,43062,72],{"class":71},[61,43064,43065],{"class":67}," text",[61,43067,26],{"class":75},[61,43069,34691],{"class":116},[61,43071,113],{"class":75},[61,43073,215],{"class":214},[61,43075,83],{"class":218},[61,43077,215],{"class":214},[61,43079,120],{"class":75},[61,43081,43082],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,43083,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,43085,43086,43088,43090,43093],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,43087,127],{"class":126},[61,43089,113],{"class":75},[61,43091,43092],{"class":116},"parts",[61,43094,120],{"class":75},[14,43096,5787],{},[52,43098,43100],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43101,43102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43103,43104,43106,43108,43110,43112,43114,43116,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126,43128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43105,4129],{"class":75},[61,43107,299],{"class":214},[61,43109,334],{"class":218},[61,43111,299],{"class":214},[61,43113,83],{"class":75},[61,43115,308],{"class":214},[61,43117,765],{"class":218},[61,43119,299],{"class":214},[61,43121,83],{"class":75},[61,43123,308],{"class":214},[61,43125,9961],{"class":218},[61,43127,299],{"class":214},[61,43129,98],{"class":75},[14,43131,43132],{},"A good workflow is:",[28934,43134,43135,43140,43143,43146],{},[37,43136,165,43137,43139],{},[18,43138,35248],{}," to inspect something",[37,43141,43142],{},"Write a tiny example",[37,43144,43145],{},"Check the result",[37,43147,43148],{},"Repeat",[47,43150,43152],{"id":43151},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43154,43155,4621,43157,43159],{},[18,43156,35248],{},[18,43158,34533],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[819,43161,43162],{"id":32373},[18,43163,35248],{},[14,43165,165,43166,43168],{},[18,43167,35248],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43170,43171],{},"It tells you:",[34,43173,43174,43177,43180],{},[37,43175,43176],{},"What something is",[37,43178,43179],{},"How to use it",[37,43181,43182],{},"What parameters it accepts",[819,43184,43185],{"id":34594},[18,43186,34533],{},[14,43188,165,43189,43191],{},[18,43190,34533],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[52,43193,43195],{"className":54,"code":43194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dir(str)\n",[18,43196,43197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43198,43199,43201,43203,43205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43200,34594],{"class":126},[61,43202,113],{"class":75},[61,43204,1208],{"class":109},[61,43206,120],{"class":75},[14,43208,43209,43210,2437,43212,17293,43214,26],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43211,34691],{},[18,43213,8864],{},[18,43215,8870],{},[14,43217,43218,43219,378],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43220,35248],{},[52,43222,43224],{"className":54,"code":43223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43225,43226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43227,43228,43230,43232,43234,43236,43238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43229,32373],{"class":126},[61,43231,113],{"class":75},[61,43233,1208],{"class":109},[61,43235,26],{"class":75},[61,43237,8870],{"class":24971},[61,43239,120],{"class":75},[14,43241,43242],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[34,43244,43245,43250],{},[37,43246,165,43247,43249],{},[18,43248,34533],{}," to discover options",[37,43251,165,43252,43254],{},[18,43253,35248],{}," to understand one option",[47,43256,1741],{"id":1740},[14,43258,43259,43260,26],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43261,35248],{},[819,43263,1750,43265,43268,43269],{"id":43264},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43266,43267],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43270,43271],{},"help(len)",[14,43273,43274],{},"These are not always the same.",[52,43276,43278],{"className":54,"code":43277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43279,43280,43290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43281,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43283,32373],{"class":126},[61,43285,113],{"class":75},[61,43287,1948],{"class":126},[61,43289,120],{"class":75},[61,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298,43300,43302],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43293,32373],{"class":126},[61,43295,113],{"class":75},[61,43297,299],{"class":214},[61,43299,1948],{"class":218},[61,43301,299],{"class":214},[61,43303,120],{"class":75},[14,43305,43306,43308],{},[18,43307,43271],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43310,43311,43313,43314,43317],{},[18,43312,43267],{}," treats ",[18,43315,43316],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[819,43319,43321],{"id":43320},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43323,43324,43326],{},[18,43325,35248],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43328,43329],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[819,43331,43333],{"id":43332},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43335,40565,43336,43338],{},[18,43337,35248],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43340,197],{},[52,43342,43344],{"className":54,"code":43343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43345,43346,43356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43347,43348,43350,43352,43354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43349,32373],{"class":126},[61,43351,113],{"class":75},[61,43353,1948],{"class":126},[61,43355,120],{"class":75},[61,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43367,43369],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43359,127],{"class":126},[61,43361,113],{"class":75},[61,43363,215],{"class":214},[61,43365,43366],{"class":218},"Done",[61,43368,215],{"class":214},[61,43370,120],{"class":75},[14,43372,43373],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[819,43375,1874,43377,1877,43379],{"id":43376},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43378,35248],{},[18,43380,34533],{},[14,43382,43383,43384,26],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43385,34533],{},[14,43387,43388,43389,26],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43390,35248],{},[47,43392,43394],{"id":43393},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43396,43397],{},"Open Python:",[52,43399,43400],{"className":54,"code":35763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,43401,43402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43403,43404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43405,35763],{"class":67},[14,43407,43408],{},"Then test these commands:",[52,43410,43412],{"className":54,"code":43411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43413,43414,43424,43438,43452,43462,43477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43415,43416,43418,43420,43422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43417,32373],{"class":126},[61,43419,113],{"class":75},[61,43421,1948],{"class":126},[61,43423,120],{"class":75},[61,43425,43426,43428,43430,43432,43434,43436],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43427,32373],{"class":126},[61,43429,113],{"class":75},[61,43431,1208],{"class":109},[61,43433,26],{"class":75},[61,43435,34691],{"class":24971},[61,43437,120],{"class":75},[61,43439,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,43441,32373],{"class":126},[61,43443,113],{"class":75},[61,43445,383],{"class":109},[61,43447,26],{"class":75},[61,43449,13775],{"class":24971},[61,43451,120],{"class":75},[61,43453,43454,43456,43458,43460],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,43455,32373],{"class":126},[61,43457,113],{"class":75},[61,43459,42650],{"class":126},[61,43461,120],{"class":75},[61,43463,43464,43466,43468,43470,43473,43475],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,43465,32373],{"class":126},[61,43467,113],{"class":75},[61,43469,299],{"class":214},[61,43471,43472],{"class":218},"keywords",[61,43474,299],{"class":214},[61,43476,120],{"class":75},[61,43478,43479,43481,43483,43485],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,43480,34594],{"class":126},[61,43482,113],{"class":75},[61,43484,1208],{"class":109},[61,43486,120],{"class":75},[14,43488,43489],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[34,43491,43492,43495,43498,43501,43504,43507],{},[37,43493,43494],{},"A built-in function",[37,43496,43497],{},"A string method",[37,43499,43500],{},"A list method",[37,43502,43503],{},"A built-in file function",[37,43505,43506],{},"A special help topic",[37,43508,15410,43509,43511],{},[18,43510,34533],{}," example for comparison",[47,43513,1987],{"id":1986},[819,43515,43517],{"id":43516},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43519,43520],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[819,43522,43524],{"id":43523},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43526,43527,43528,43530],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43529,35248],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[52,43532,43534],{"className":54,"code":43533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43535,43536,43548,43561,43580,43584],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43537,43538,43540,43542,43544,43546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43539,35072],{"class":675},[61,43541,35076],{"class":35075},[61,43543,113],{"class":75},[61,43545,7899],{"class":37884},[61,43547,8572],{"class":75},[61,43549,43550,43554,43558],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43551,43553],{"class":43552},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[61,43555,43557],{"class":43556},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[61,43559,43560],{"class":43552},"\"\"\"\n",[61,43562,43563,43565,43568,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,43564,35083],{"class":1490},[61,43566,43567],{"class":675}," f",[61,43569,43570],{"class":218},"\"Hello, ",[61,43572,149],{"class":79},[61,43574,7899],{"class":67},[61,43576,22523],{"class":79},[61,43578,43579],{"class":218},"!\"\n",[61,43581,43582],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,43583,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,43585,43586,43588,43590,43592],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,43587,32373],{"class":126},[61,43589,113],{"class":75},[61,43591,35118],{"class":116},[61,43593,120],{"class":75},[819,43595,43597],{"id":43596},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43599,43600,43602,43603,43605],{},[18,43601,43271],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43604,43267],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[819,43607,43609],{"id":43608},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43611,43612],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[47,43614,2144],{"id":2143},[34,43616,43617,43622,43626,43631,43636],{},[37,43618,43619],{},[334,43620,43621],{"href":42829},"Python dir() function explained",[37,43623,43624],{},[334,43625,8672],{"href":2544},[37,43627,43628],{},[334,43629,43630],{"href":42581},"Python len() function explained",[37,43632,43633],{},[334,43634,43635],{"href":42876},"How import works in Python",[37,43637,43638],{},[334,43639,35378],{"href":42881},[14,43641,43642,43643,43645,43646,2437,43648,17293,43650,43652,43653,1881,43656,43659],{},"Try ",[18,43644,35248],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43647,1948],{},[18,43649,127],{},[18,43651,42686],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43654,43655],{},"dir(str)",[18,43657,43658],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2169,43661,43662],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":43664},[43665,43666,43667,43668,43674,43675,43676,43677,43681,43689,43690,43696],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":42546,"depth":101,"text":42547},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":42671,"depth":101,"text":42672,"children":43669},[43670,43671,43672,43673],{"id":42675,"depth":123,"text":42676},{"id":42728,"depth":123,"text":42729},{"id":34728,"depth":123,"text":42566},{"id":34881,"depth":123,"text":42569},{"id":35138,"depth":101,"text":35139},{"id":42948,"depth":101,"text":42949},{"id":43009,"depth":101,"text":43010},{"id":43151,"depth":101,"text":43152,"children":43678},[43679,43680],{"id":32373,"depth":123,"text":35248},{"id":34594,"depth":123,"text":34533},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":43682},[43683,43685,43686,43687],{"id":43264,"depth":123,"text":43684},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43320,"depth":123,"text":43321},{"id":43332,"depth":123,"text":43333},{"id":43376,"depth":123,"text":43688},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43393,"depth":101,"text":43394},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":43691},[43692,43693,43694,43695],{"id":43516,"depth":123,"text":43517},{"id":43523,"depth":123,"text":43524},{"id":43596,"depth":123,"text":43597},{"id":43608,"depth":123,"text":43609},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42475,"description":43697},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43703,"title":43704,"body":43705,"description":45066,"extension":2216,"meta":45067,"navigation":271,"path":45068,"seo":45069,"stem":45070,"__hash__":45071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43706,"toc":45039},[43707,43713,43718,43724,43734,43793,43803,43814,43819,43825,43827,43845,43853,43855,43857,43872,43875,43886,43888,43979,43982,43986,43991,44012,44014,44125,44127,44154,44165,44169,44172,44255,44257,44265,44271,44277,44281,44284,44394,44396,44408,44411,44425,44433,44440,44445,44459,44465,44578,44580,44641,44644,44650,44656,44659,44681,44684,44754,44757,44789,44796,44798,44801,44819,44822,44834,44840,44842,44847,44873,44876,44948,44950,44956,44959,44965,44968,44974,44984,44990,44993,45000,45003,45005,45036],[10,43708,3808,43710,3812],{"id":43709},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43711,43712],{},"id()",[14,43714,32538,43715,43717],{},[18,43716,43712],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43719,43720,43721,43723],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43722,43712],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43725,165,43726,43728,43729,43731,43732,26],{},[18,43727,43712],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[23,43730,704],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43733,4916],{},[52,43735,43737],{"className":54,"code":43736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43738,43739,43751,43765,43769,43779],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43740,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43742,8106],{"class":67},[61,43744,72],{"class":71},[61,43746,226],{"class":214},[61,43748,7527],{"class":218},[61,43750,1043],{"class":214},[61,43752,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43754,127],{"class":126},[61,43756,113],{"class":75},[61,43758,12872],{"class":126},[61,43760,113],{"class":75},[61,43762,7899],{"class":116},[61,43764,480],{"class":75},[61,43766,43767],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,43768,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,43770,43771,43774,43776],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,43772,43773],{"class":67},"other ",[61,43775,72],{"class":71},[61,43777,43778],{"class":67}," name\n",[61,43780,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,43782,127],{"class":126},[61,43784,113],{"class":75},[61,43786,12872],{"class":126},[61,43788,113],{"class":75},[61,43790,30963],{"class":116},[61,43792,480],{"class":75},[14,43794,43795,43796,43799,43800,43802],{},"In this example, ",[18,43797,43798],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43801,43712],{}," values match.",[43804,43805,43806],"blockquote",{},[14,43807,165,43808,43810,43811,43813],{},[18,43809,43712],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43812,4916],{}," for value comparison.",[47,43815,3911,43817,3914],{"id":43816},"what-id-does",[18,43818,43712],{},[14,43820,43821,43824],{},[18,43822,43823],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43826,13276],{},[34,43828,43829,43832,43839,43842],{},[37,43830,43831],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[37,43833,43834,43835,43838],{},"It shows ",[23,43836,43837],{},"object identity",", not object value",[37,43840,43841],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[37,43843,43844],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43846,43847,43848,43852],{},"This is closely related to how ",[334,43849,43851],{"href":43850},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[47,43854,341],{"id":340},[14,43856,5663],{},[52,43858,43860],{"className":54,"code":43859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"id(object)\n",[18,43861,43862],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43863,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43865,12872],{"class":126},[61,43867,113],{"class":75},[61,43869,42622],{"class":109},[61,43871,120],{"class":75},[14,43873,43874],{},"Important details:",[34,43876,43877,43880,43883],{},[37,43878,43879],{},"It takes one argument",[37,43881,43882],{},"It returns an integer",[37,43884,43885],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43887,197],{},[52,43889,43891],{"className":54,"code":43890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43892,43893,43905,43913,43933,43937,43951,43965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,43894,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,43896,1033],{"class":67},[61,43898,72],{"class":71},[61,43900,226],{"class":214},[61,43902,475],{"class":218},[61,43904,1043],{"class":214},[61,43906,43907,43909,43911],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,43908,2464],{"class":67},[61,43910,72],{"class":71},[61,43912,3010],{"class":79},[61,43914,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,43916,1230],{"class":67},[61,43918,72],{"class":71},[61,43920,76],{"class":75},[61,43922,80],{"class":79},[61,43924,83],{"class":75},[61,43926,86],{"class":79},[61,43928,83],{"class":75},[61,43930,95],{"class":79},[61,43932,98],{"class":75},[61,43934,43935],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,43936,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,43938,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,43940,127],{"class":126},[61,43942,113],{"class":75},[61,43944,12872],{"class":126},[61,43946,113],{"class":75},[61,43948,1056],{"class":116},[61,43950,480],{"class":75},[61,43952,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,43954,127],{"class":126},[61,43956,113],{"class":75},[61,43958,12872],{"class":126},[61,43960,113],{"class":75},[61,43962,2486],{"class":116},[61,43964,480],{"class":75},[61,43966,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,43968,127],{"class":126},[61,43970,113],{"class":75},[61,43972,12872],{"class":126},[61,43974,113],{"class":75},[61,43976,1267],{"class":116},[61,43978,480],{"class":75},[14,43980,43981],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[47,43983,43985],{"id":43984},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43987,43988,43989,26],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43990,43712],{},[34,43992,43993,44000,44007],{},[37,43994,43995,43997,43998],{},[18,43996,4916],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[23,43999,1783],{},[37,44001,44002,44004,44005],{},[18,44003,12416],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[23,44006,42622],{},[37,44008,44009,44011],{},[18,44010,43712],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,44013,197],{},[52,44015,44017],{"className":54,"code":44016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,44018,44019,44039,44059,44063,44080,44097,44111],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44020,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44022,717],{"class":67},[61,44024,72],{"class":71},[61,44026,76],{"class":75},[61,44028,80],{"class":79},[61,44030,83],{"class":75},[61,44032,86],{"class":79},[61,44034,83],{"class":75},[61,44036,95],{"class":79},[61,44038,98],{"class":75},[61,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44042,728],{"class":67},[61,44044,72],{"class":71},[61,44046,76],{"class":75},[61,44048,80],{"class":79},[61,44050,83],{"class":75},[61,44052,86],{"class":79},[61,44054,83],{"class":75},[61,44056,95],{"class":79},[61,44058,98],{"class":75},[61,44060,44061],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44062,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44064,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075,44077],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44066,127],{"class":126},[61,44068,113],{"class":75},[61,44070,717],{"class":116},[61,44072,4916],{"class":71},[61,44074,2801],{"class":116},[61,44076,3893],{"class":75},[61,44078,44079],{"class":3896},"   # True\n",[61,44081,44082,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44083,127],{"class":126},[61,44085,113],{"class":75},[61,44087,717],{"class":116},[61,44089,12416],{"class":1490},[61,44091,2801],{"class":116},[61,44093,3893],{"class":75},[61,44095,44096],{"class":3896},"   # False\n",[61,44098,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,44100,127],{"class":126},[61,44102,113],{"class":75},[61,44104,12872],{"class":126},[61,44106,113],{"class":75},[61,44108,334],{"class":116},[61,44110,480],{"class":75},[61,44112,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,44114,127],{"class":126},[61,44116,113],{"class":75},[61,44118,12872],{"class":126},[61,44120,113],{"class":75},[61,44122,765],{"class":116},[61,44124,480],{"class":75},[14,44126,2427],{},[34,44128,44129,44137,44145],{},[37,44130,44131,5011,44134,44136],{},[18,44132,44133],{},"a == b",[18,44135,3837],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[37,44138,44139,5011,44142,44144],{},[18,44140,44141],{},"a is b",[18,44143,3907],{}," because they are different list objects",[37,44146,44147,4621,44150,44153],{},[18,44148,44149],{},"id(a)",[18,44151,44152],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44155,44156,44157,4621,44161,26],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[334,44158,44160],{"href":44159},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[334,44162,44164],{"href":44163},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[47,44166,44168],{"id":44167},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44170,44171],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[52,44173,44175],{"className":54,"code":44174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44176,44177,44197,44207,44211,44225,44240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44178,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44180,68],{"class":67},[61,44182,72],{"class":71},[61,44184,76],{"class":75},[61,44186,447],{"class":79},[61,44188,83],{"class":75},[61,44190,452],{"class":79},[61,44192,83],{"class":75},[61,44194,8025],{"class":79},[61,44196,98],{"class":75},[61,44198,44199,44202,44204],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44200,44201],{"class":67},"other_numbers ",[61,44203,72],{"class":71},[61,44205,44206],{"class":67}," numbers\n",[61,44208,44209],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44212,44213,44215,44217,44219,44221,44223],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44214,127],{"class":126},[61,44216,113],{"class":75},[61,44218,12872],{"class":126},[61,44220,113],{"class":75},[61,44222,117],{"class":116},[61,44224,480],{"class":75},[61,44226,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235,44238],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44228,127],{"class":126},[61,44230,113],{"class":75},[61,44232,12872],{"class":126},[61,44234,113],{"class":75},[61,44236,44237],{"class":116},"other_numbers",[61,44239,480],{"class":75},[61,44241,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44253],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,44243,127],{"class":126},[61,44245,113],{"class":75},[61,44247,68],{"class":116},[61,44249,12416],{"class":1490},[61,44251,44252],{"class":116}," other_numbers",[61,44254,120],{"class":75},[14,44256,5787],{},[52,44258,44259],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,44260,44261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44262,44263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44264,1524],{"class":1523},[14,44266,44267,44268,44270],{},"The two ",[18,44269,43712],{}," values will also match.",[14,44272,22409,44273,44276],{},[18,44274,44275],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[47,44278,44280],{"id":44279},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44282,44283],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[52,44285,44287],{"className":54,"code":44286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44288,44289,44310,44331,44335,44350,44364,44379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44290,44291,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44292,44293],{"class":67},"list_a ",[61,44295,72],{"class":71},[61,44297,76],{"class":75},[61,44299,80],{"class":79},[61,44301,83],{"class":75},[61,44303,86],{"class":79},[61,44305,83],{"class":75},[61,44307,95],{"class":79},[61,44309,98],{"class":75},[61,44311,44312,44315,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44313,44314],{"class":67},"list_b ",[61,44316,72],{"class":71},[61,44318,76],{"class":75},[61,44320,80],{"class":79},[61,44322,83],{"class":75},[61,44324,86],{"class":79},[61,44326,83],{"class":75},[61,44328,95],{"class":79},[61,44330,98],{"class":75},[61,44332,44333],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44334,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44336,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44348],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44338,127],{"class":126},[61,44340,113],{"class":75},[61,44342,44293],{"class":116},[61,44344,4916],{"class":71},[61,44346,44347],{"class":116}," list_b",[61,44349,120],{"class":75},[61,44351,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44353,127],{"class":126},[61,44355,113],{"class":75},[61,44357,44293],{"class":116},[61,44359,12416],{"class":1490},[61,44361,44347],{"class":116},[61,44363,120],{"class":75},[61,44365,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44377],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,44367,127],{"class":126},[61,44369,113],{"class":75},[61,44371,12872],{"class":126},[61,44373,113],{"class":75},[61,44375,44376],{"class":116},"list_a",[61,44378,480],{"class":75},[61,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44392],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,44382,127],{"class":126},[61,44384,113],{"class":75},[61,44386,12872],{"class":126},[61,44388,113],{"class":75},[61,44390,44391],{"class":116},"list_b",[61,44393,480],{"class":75},[14,44395,5787],{},[52,44397,44398],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,44399,44400,44404],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44401,44402],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44403,1524],{"class":1523},[61,44405,44406],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44407,1529],{"class":1523},[14,44409,44410],{},"What this means:",[34,44412,44413,44416,44419],{},[37,44414,44415],{},"The lists are equal in value",[37,44417,44418],{},"They are not the same object",[37,44420,44421,44422,44424],{},"Their ",[18,44423,43712],{}," values are usually different",[14,44426,44427,44428,44430,44431,26],{},"This is why ",[18,44429,43712],{}," should not replace ",[18,44432,4916],{},[47,44434,44436,44437,44439],{"id":44435},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44438,43712],{}," is useful",[14,44441,44442,44444],{},[18,44443,43712],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[34,44446,44447,44450,44453,44456],{},[37,44448,44449],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[37,44451,44452],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[37,44454,44455],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[37,44457,44458],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44460,44461,44462,44464],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44463,43712],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[52,44466,44468],{"className":54,"code":44467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44469,44470,44494,44503,44507,44526,44530,44540,44550,44564],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44471,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44473,12308],{"class":67},[61,44475,72],{"class":71},[61,44477,76],{"class":75},[61,44479,215],{"class":214},[61,44481,334],{"class":218},[61,44483,215],{"class":214},[61,44485,83],{"class":75},[61,44487,226],{"class":214},[61,44489,765],{"class":218},[61,44491,215],{"class":214},[61,44493,98],{"class":75},[61,44495,44496,44499,44501],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44497,44498],{"class":67},"copy_ref ",[61,44500,72],{"class":71},[61,44502,12346],{"class":67},[61,44504,44505],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44506,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44508,44509,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44510,44511],{"class":67},"copy_ref",[61,44513,26],{"class":75},[61,44515,13775],{"class":116},[61,44517,113],{"class":75},[61,44519,215],{"class":214},[61,44521,9961],{"class":218},[61,44523,215],{"class":214},[61,44525,120],{"class":75},[61,44527,44528],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44529,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44531,44532,44534,44536,44538],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,44533,127],{"class":126},[61,44535,113],{"class":75},[61,44537,12355],{"class":116},[61,44539,120],{"class":75},[61,44541,44542,44544,44546,44548],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,44543,127],{"class":126},[61,44545,113],{"class":75},[61,44547,44511],{"class":116},[61,44549,120],{"class":75},[61,44551,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,44553,127],{"class":126},[61,44555,113],{"class":75},[61,44557,12872],{"class":126},[61,44559,113],{"class":75},[61,44561,12355],{"class":116},[61,44563,480],{"class":75},[61,44565,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,44567,127],{"class":126},[61,44569,113],{"class":75},[61,44571,12872],{"class":126},[61,44573,113],{"class":75},[61,44575,44511],{"class":116},[61,44577,480],{"class":75},[14,44579,5787],{},[52,44581,44583],{"className":54,"code":44582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44584,44585,44613],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44586,44587,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44588,4129],{"class":75},[61,44590,299],{"class":214},[61,44592,334],{"class":218},[61,44594,299],{"class":214},[61,44596,83],{"class":75},[61,44598,308],{"class":214},[61,44600,765],{"class":218},[61,44602,299],{"class":214},[61,44604,83],{"class":75},[61,44606,308],{"class":214},[61,44608,9961],{"class":218},[61,44610,299],{"class":214},[61,44612,98],{"class":75},[61,44614,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44616,4129],{"class":75},[61,44618,299],{"class":214},[61,44620,334],{"class":218},[61,44622,299],{"class":214},[61,44624,83],{"class":75},[61,44626,308],{"class":214},[61,44628,765],{"class":218},[61,44630,299],{"class":214},[61,44632,83],{"class":75},[61,44634,308],{"class":214},[61,44636,9961],{"class":218},[61,44638,299],{"class":214},[61,44640,98],{"class":75},[14,44642,44643],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[47,44645,44647,44648],{"id":44646},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44649,43712],{},[14,44651,44652,44653,44655],{},"Do not use ",[18,44654,43712],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44657,44658],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[34,44660,44661,44667,44673,44676],{},[37,44662,44663,44664,44666],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44665,4916],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[37,44668,44669,44670,44672],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44671,43712],{}," values across program runs",[37,44674,44675],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[37,44677,44678,44679],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44680,43712],{},[14,44682,44683],{},"Bad example:",[52,44685,44687],{"className":54,"code":44686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44688,44689,44701,44713,44717,44739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44690,44691,44693,44695,44697,44699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44692,717],{"class":67},[61,44694,72],{"class":71},[61,44696,226],{"class":214},[61,44698,37269],{"class":218},[61,44700,1043],{"class":214},[61,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44704,728],{"class":67},[61,44706,72],{"class":71},[61,44708,226],{"class":214},[61,44710,37269],{"class":218},[61,44712,1043],{"class":214},[61,44714,44715],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44716,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,44718,44719,44721,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44720,7227],{"class":1490},[61,44722,15037],{"class":126},[61,44724,113],{"class":75},[61,44726,334],{"class":116},[61,44728,3893],{"class":75},[61,44730,6636],{"class":71},[61,44732,15037],{"class":126},[61,44734,113],{"class":75},[61,44736,765],{"class":116},[61,44738,8572],{"class":75},[61,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44750,44752],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44742,8299],{"class":126},[61,44744,113],{"class":75},[61,44746,215],{"class":214},[61,44748,44749],{"class":218},"The values are equal",[61,44751,215],{"class":214},[61,44753,120],{"class":75},[14,44755,44756],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[52,44758,44760],{"className":54,"code":44759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44761,44762,44775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44763,44764,44766,44769,44771,44773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44765,7227],{"class":1490},[61,44767,44768],{"class":67}," a ",[61,44770,4916],{"class":71},[61,44772,2801],{"class":67},[61,44774,6621],{"class":75},[61,44776,44777,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44778,8299],{"class":126},[61,44780,113],{"class":75},[61,44782,215],{"class":214},[61,44784,44749],{"class":218},[61,44786,215],{"class":214},[61,44788,120],{"class":75},[14,44790,165,44791,1881,44793,44795],{},[18,44792,12416],{},[18,44794,43712],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[47,44797,21021],{"id":21020},[14,44799,44800],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[34,44802,44803,44806,44809,44814],{},[37,44804,44805],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[37,44807,44808],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[37,44810,44811,44812],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44813,43712],{},[37,44815,44816,44817],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44818,43712],{},[14,44820,44821],{},"The important rule is:",[34,44823,44824,44829],{},[37,44825,165,44826,44828],{},[18,44827,4916],{}," to check value",[37,44830,165,44831,44833],{},[18,44832,12416],{}," to check identity",[14,44835,44836,44837,44839],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44838,43712],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[47,44841,1741],{"id":1740},[14,44843,44844,44845,378],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44846,43712],{},[34,44848,44849,44857,44860,44863,44868],{},[37,44850,1750,44851,44853,44854,44856],{},[18,44852,43712],{}," when ",[18,44855,4916],{}," should be used",[37,44858,44859],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[37,44861,44862],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[37,44864,44865,44866],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44867,43712],{},[37,44869,1750,44870,44872],{},[18,44871,43712],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44874,44875],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[52,44877,44879],{"className":54,"code":44878,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44880,44881,44896,44910,44924,44938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,44882,44883,44885,44887,44889,44891,44894],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,44884,127],{"class":126},[61,44886,113],{"class":75},[61,44888,12872],{"class":126},[61,44890,113],{"class":75},[61,44892,44893],{"class":116},"my_object",[61,44895,480],{"class":75},[61,44897,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,44899,127],{"class":126},[61,44901,113],{"class":75},[61,44903,717],{"class":116},[61,44905,4916],{"class":71},[61,44907,2801],{"class":116},[61,44909,120],{"class":75},[61,44911,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,44913,127],{"class":126},[61,44915,113],{"class":75},[61,44917,717],{"class":116},[61,44919,12416],{"class":1490},[61,44921,2801],{"class":116},[61,44923,120],{"class":75},[61,44925,44926,44928,44930,44932,44934,44936],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,44927,127],{"class":126},[61,44929,113],{"class":75},[61,44931,648],{"class":109},[61,44933,113],{"class":75},[61,44935,44893],{"class":116},[61,44937,480],{"class":75},[61,44939,44940,44942,44944,44946],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,44941,32373],{"class":126},[61,44943,113],{"class":75},[61,44945,12872],{"class":126},[61,44947,120],{"class":75},[47,44949,1987],{"id":1986},[819,44951,44953,44954,12939],{"id":44952},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44955,43712],{},[14,44957,44958],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[819,44960,15124,44962,44964],{"id":44961},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44963,43712],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44966,44967],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[819,44969,21640,44971,44973],{"id":44970},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44972,43712],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44975,30491,44976,44978,44979,1881,44981,44983],{},[18,44977,4916],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44980,43712],{},[18,44982,12416],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[819,44985,44987,44988,2735],{"id":44986},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44989,43712],{},[14,44991,44992],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[819,44994,44996,44997,44999],{"id":44995},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44998,43712],{}," values?",[14,45001,45002],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[47,45004,2144],{"id":2143},[34,45006,45007,45012,45017,45022,45030],{},[37,45008,45009],{},[334,45010,45011],{"href":43850},"Python variables explained for beginners",[37,45013,45014],{},[334,45015,45016],{"href":44159},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[37,45018,45019],{},[334,45020,45021],{"href":44163},"Python data types overview",[37,45023,45024],{},[334,45025,3808,45027,3741],{"href":45026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,45028,45029],{},"isinstance()",[37,45031,45032],{},[334,45033,45035],{"href":45034},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2169,45037,45038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":45040},[45041,45043,45044,45045,45046,45047,45049,45051,45052,45053,45065],{"id":43816,"depth":101,"text":45042},"What id() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":43984,"depth":101,"text":43985},{"id":44167,"depth":101,"text":44168},{"id":44279,"depth":101,"text":44280},{"id":44435,"depth":101,"text":45048},"When id() is useful",{"id":44646,"depth":101,"text":45050},"When not to use id()",{"id":21020,"depth":101,"text":21021},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":45054},[45055,45057,45059,45061,45063],{"id":44952,"depth":123,"text":45056},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44961,"depth":123,"text":45058},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44970,"depth":123,"text":45060},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44986,"depth":123,"text":45062},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44995,"depth":123,"text":45064},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43704,"description":45066},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45073,"title":42417,"body":45074,"description":46714,"extension":2216,"meta":46715,"navigation":271,"path":46716,"seo":46717,"stem":46718,"__hash__":46719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45075,"toc":46680},[45076,45081,45086,45089,45091,45134,45139,45142,45147,45152,45155,45171,45173,45217,45219,45246,45248,45263,45265,45267,45269,45285,45287,45299,45302,45336,45339,45364,45369,45371,45376,45380,45383,45385,45433,45435,45468,45474,45485,45487,45539,45541,45572,45574,45578,45582,45625,45631,45637,45689,45697,45702,45706,45797,45799,45832,45835,45837,45897,45899,45925,45935,45937,45941,45946,45951,45953,45990,45992,46011,46014,46018,46021,46077,46089,46098,46100,46127,46135,46142,46146,46149,46186,46189,46195,46232,46234,46238,46244,46262,46267,46315,46319,46408,46411,46418,46420,46422,46427,46445,46447,46490,46496,46513,46515,46577,46579,46581,46587,46595,46601,46607,46616,46626,46630,46638,46640,46642,46677],[10,45077,3808,45079,3812],{"id":45078},"python-input-function-explained",[18,45080,3197],{},[14,45082,2233,45083,45085],{},[18,45084,3197],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45087,45088],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[47,45090,50],{"id":49},[52,45092,45094],{"className":54,"code":45093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,45095,45096,45115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45097,45098,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108,45111,45113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45099,8106],{"class":67},[61,45101,72],{"class":71},[61,45103,8472],{"class":126},[61,45105,113],{"class":75},[61,45107,215],{"class":214},[61,45109,45110],{"class":218},"Enter your name: ",[61,45112,215],{"class":214},[61,45114,120],{"class":75},[61,45116,45117,45119,45121,45123,45126,45128,45130,45132],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45118,127],{"class":126},[61,45120,113],{"class":75},[61,45122,215],{"class":214},[61,45124,45125],{"class":218},"Hello, ",[61,45127,215],{"class":214},[61,45129,2698],{"class":71},[61,45131,36213],{"class":116},[61,45133,120],{"class":75},[14,45135,165,45136,45138],{},[18,45137,3197],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45140,45141],"hr",{},[47,45143,3911,45145,3914],{"id":45144},"what-input-does",[18,45146,3197],{},[14,45148,45149,45151],{},[18,45150,3197],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45153,45154],{},"Here is what happens:",[34,45156,45157,45162,45165,45168],{},[37,45158,45159,45161],{},[18,45160,3197],{}," waits for the user to type",[37,45163,45164],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[37,45166,45167],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[37,45169,45170],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45172,197],{},[52,45174,45176],{"className":54,"code":45175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45177,45178,45198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45179,45180,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45194,45196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45181,45182],{"class":67},"color ",[61,45184,72],{"class":71},[61,45186,8472],{"class":126},[61,45188,113],{"class":75},[61,45190,215],{"class":214},[61,45192,45193],{"class":218},"What is your favorite color? ",[61,45195,215],{"class":214},[61,45197,120],{"class":75},[61,45199,45200,45202,45204,45206,45209,45211,45213,45215],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45201,127],{"class":126},[61,45203,113],{"class":75},[61,45205,215],{"class":214},[61,45207,45208],{"class":218},"Your favorite color is",[61,45210,215],{"class":214},[61,45212,83],{"class":75},[61,45214,36072],{"class":116},[61,45216,120],{"class":75},[14,45218,287],{},[52,45220,45222],{"className":54,"code":45221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45223,45224,45237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45225,45226,45228,45230,45233,45235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45227,3911],{"class":67},[61,45229,12416],{"class":71},[61,45231,45232],{"class":67}," your favorite color",[61,45234,2735],{"class":37588},[61,45236,36102],{"class":67},[61,45238,45239,45242,45244],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45240,45241],{"class":67},"Your favorite color ",[61,45243,12416],{"class":71},[61,45245,36102],{"class":67},[14,45247,20177],{},[34,45249,45250,45255,45260],{},[37,45251,45252,45253],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45254,45193],{},[37,45256,45257,45258],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45259,33112],{},[37,45261,45262],{},"That value is then printed",[45140,45264],{},[47,45266,341],{"id":340},[14,45268,7448],{},[52,45270,45272],{"className":54,"code":45271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45273,45274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45275,45276,45278,45280,45283],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45277,42686],{"class":126},[61,45279,113],{"class":75},[61,45281,45282],{"class":116},"prompt",[61,45284,120],{"class":75},[14,45286,11679],{},[34,45288,45289,45293,45296],{},[37,45290,2233,45291,20259],{},[18,45292,45282],{},[37,45294,45295],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[37,45297,45298],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45300,45301],{},"Example with a prompt:",[52,45303,45305],{"className":54,"code":45304,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45306,45307,45326],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45308,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319,45322,45324],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45310,8191],{"class":67},[61,45312,72],{"class":71},[61,45314,8472],{"class":126},[61,45316,113],{"class":75},[61,45318,215],{"class":214},[61,45320,45321],{"class":218},"Enter your username: ",[61,45323,215],{"class":214},[61,45325,120],{"class":75},[61,45327,45328,45330,45332,45334],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45329,127],{"class":126},[61,45331,113],{"class":75},[61,45333,8215],{"class":116},[61,45335,120],{"class":75},[14,45337,45338],{},"Example without a prompt:",[52,45340,45342],{"className":54,"code":45341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45343,45344,45354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45345,45346,45348,45350,45352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45347,1766],{"class":67},[61,45349,72],{"class":71},[61,45351,8472],{"class":126},[61,45353,628],{"class":75},[61,45355,45356,45358,45360,45362],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45357,127],{"class":126},[61,45359,113],{"class":75},[61,45361,1783],{"class":116},[61,45363,120],{"class":75},[14,45365,7994,45366,45368],{},[18,45367,3197],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45140,45370],{},[47,45372,3911,45374,11927],{"id":45373},"what-input-returns",[18,45375,3197],{},[14,45377,45378,8455],{},[18,45379,3197],{},[14,45381,45382],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45384,197],{},[52,45386,45388],{"className":54,"code":45387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45389,45390,45409,45419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45391,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45405,45407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45393,21848],{"class":67},[61,45395,72],{"class":71},[61,45397,8472],{"class":126},[61,45399,113],{"class":75},[61,45401,215],{"class":214},[61,45403,45404],{"class":218},"Enter your age: ",[61,45406,215],{"class":214},[61,45408,120],{"class":75},[61,45410,45411,45413,45415,45417],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45412,127],{"class":126},[61,45414,113],{"class":75},[61,45416,9521],{"class":116},[61,45418,120],{"class":75},[61,45420,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45422,127],{"class":126},[61,45424,113],{"class":75},[61,45426,648],{"class":109},[61,45428,113],{"class":75},[61,45430,9521],{"class":116},[61,45432,480],{"class":75},[14,45434,287],{},[52,45436,45438],{"className":54,"code":45437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45439,45440,45450,45454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45441,45442,45445,45447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45443,45444],{"class":67},"Enter your age",[61,45446,378],{"class":75},[61,45448,45449],{"class":79}," 25\n",[61,45451,45452],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45453,2950],{"class":79},[61,45455,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45457,672],{"class":71},[61,45459,676],{"class":675},[61,45461,308],{"class":214},[61,45463,1208],{"class":218},[61,45465,299],{"class":214},[61,45467,685],{"class":71},[14,45469,45470,45471,45473],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45472,9418],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45475,45476,45477,1881,45481,26],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[334,45478,45479],{"href":3115},[18,45480,3118],{},[334,45482,45483],{"href":3121},[18,45484,3124],{},[14,45486,197],{},[52,45488,45490],{"className":54,"code":45489,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45491,45492,45515,45525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45493,45494,45496,45498,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45495,21848],{"class":67},[61,45497,72],{"class":71},[61,45499,45500],{"class":109}," int",[61,45502,113],{"class":75},[61,45504,42686],{"class":126},[61,45506,113],{"class":75},[61,45508,215],{"class":214},[61,45510,45404],{"class":218},[61,45512,215],{"class":214},[61,45514,480],{"class":75},[61,45516,45517,45519,45521,45523],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45518,127],{"class":126},[61,45520,113],{"class":75},[61,45522,9521],{"class":116},[61,45524,120],{"class":75},[61,45526,45527,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45528,127],{"class":126},[61,45530,113],{"class":75},[61,45532,648],{"class":109},[61,45534,113],{"class":75},[61,45536,9521],{"class":116},[61,45538,480],{"class":75},[14,45540,287],{},[52,45542,45544],{"className":54,"code":45543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45545,45546,45554,45558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45547,45548,45550,45552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45549,45444],{"class":67},[61,45551,378],{"class":75},[61,45553,45449],{"class":79},[61,45555,45556],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45557,2950],{"class":79},[61,45559,45560,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45561,672],{"class":71},[61,45563,676],{"class":675},[61,45565,308],{"class":214},[61,45567,1203],{"class":218},[61,45569,299],{"class":214},[61,45571,685],{"class":71},[45140,45573],{},[47,45575,45577],{"id":45576},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[819,45579,45581],{"id":45580},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[52,45583,45585],{"className":54,"code":45584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45586,45587,45606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45602,45604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45590,8106],{"class":67},[61,45592,72],{"class":71},[61,45594,8472],{"class":126},[61,45596,113],{"class":75},[61,45598,215],{"class":214},[61,45600,45601],{"class":218},"What is your name? ",[61,45603,215],{"class":214},[61,45605,120],{"class":75},[61,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45617,45619,45621,45623],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45609,127],{"class":126},[61,45611,113],{"class":75},[61,45613,215],{"class":214},[61,45615,45616],{"class":218},"Hello,",[61,45618,215],{"class":214},[61,45620,83],{"class":75},[61,45622,36213],{"class":116},[61,45624,120],{"class":75},[14,45626,45627,45628,45630],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45629,7899],{}," and prints it.",[819,45632,45634,45635],{"id":45633},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45636,3118],{},[52,45638,45640],{"className":54,"code":45639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45641,45642,45665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45643,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45661,45663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45645,21848],{"class":67},[61,45647,72],{"class":71},[61,45649,45500],{"class":109},[61,45651,113],{"class":75},[61,45653,42686],{"class":126},[61,45655,113],{"class":75},[61,45657,215],{"class":214},[61,45659,45660],{"class":218},"How old are you? ",[61,45662,215],{"class":214},[61,45664,480],{"class":75},[61,45666,45667,45669,45671,45673,45676,45678,45680,45683,45685,45687],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45668,127],{"class":126},[61,45670,113],{"class":75},[61,45672,215],{"class":214},[61,45674,45675],{"class":218},"Next year you will be",[61,45677,215],{"class":214},[61,45679,83],{"class":75},[61,45681,45682],{"class":116}," age ",[61,45684,2313],{"class":71},[61,45686,587],{"class":79},[61,45688,120],{"class":75},[14,45690,6288,45691,45693,45694,45696],{},[18,45692,3118],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45695,3197],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45698,45699,45700,26],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[334,45701,9207],{"href":9206},[819,45703,45705],{"id":45704},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[52,45707,45709],{"className":54,"code":45708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45710,45711,45735,45759,45773,45777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45712,45713,45716,45718,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45731,45733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45714,45715],{"class":67},"num1 ",[61,45717,72],{"class":71},[61,45719,45500],{"class":109},[61,45721,113],{"class":75},[61,45723,42686],{"class":126},[61,45725,113],{"class":75},[61,45727,215],{"class":214},[61,45729,45730],{"class":218},"Enter the first number: ",[61,45732,215],{"class":214},[61,45734,480],{"class":75},[61,45736,45737,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750,45752,45755,45757],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45738,45739],{"class":67},"num2 ",[61,45741,72],{"class":71},[61,45743,45500],{"class":109},[61,45745,113],{"class":75},[61,45747,42686],{"class":126},[61,45749,113],{"class":75},[61,45751,215],{"class":214},[61,45753,45754],{"class":218},"Enter the second number: ",[61,45756,215],{"class":214},[61,45758,480],{"class":75},[61,45760,45761,45763,45765,45768,45770],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45762,41405],{"class":67},[61,45764,72],{"class":71},[61,45766,45767],{"class":67}," num1 ",[61,45769,2313],{"class":71},[61,45771,45772],{"class":67}," num2\n",[61,45774,45775],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,45776,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,45778,45779,45781,45783,45785,45788,45790,45792,45795],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,45780,127],{"class":126},[61,45782,113],{"class":75},[61,45784,215],{"class":214},[61,45786,45787],{"class":218},"Total:",[61,45789,215],{"class":214},[61,45791,83],{"class":75},[61,45793,45794],{"class":116}," total",[61,45796,120],{"class":75},[14,45798,287],{},[52,45800,45802],{"className":54,"code":45801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45803,45804,45814,45823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45805,45806,45809,45811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45807,45808],{"class":67},"Enter the first number",[61,45810,378],{"class":75},[61,45812,45813],{"class":79}," 2\n",[61,45815,45816,45819,45821],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45817,45818],{"class":67},"Enter the second number",[61,45820,378],{"class":75},[61,45822,2819],{"class":79},[61,45824,45825,45828,45830],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45826,45827],{"class":67},"Total",[61,45829,378],{"class":75},[61,45831,35063],{"class":79},[14,45833,45834],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45836,197],{},[52,45838,45840],{"className":54,"code":45839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45841,45842,45860,45878,45882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45843,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45845,45715],{"class":67},[61,45847,72],{"class":71},[61,45849,8472],{"class":126},[61,45851,113],{"class":75},[61,45853,215],{"class":214},[61,45855,45730],{"class":218},[61,45857,215],{"class":214},[61,45859,120],{"class":75},[61,45861,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45863,45739],{"class":67},[61,45865,72],{"class":71},[61,45867,8472],{"class":126},[61,45869,113],{"class":75},[61,45871,215],{"class":214},[61,45873,45754],{"class":218},[61,45875,215],{"class":214},[61,45877,120],{"class":75},[61,45879,45880],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45881,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,45883,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892,45895],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,45885,127],{"class":126},[61,45887,113],{"class":75},[61,45889,45715],{"class":116},[61,45891,2313],{"class":71},[61,45893,45894],{"class":116}," num2",[61,45896,120],{"class":75},[14,45898,287],{},[52,45900,45902],{"className":54,"code":45901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45903,45904,45912,45920],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45905,45906,45908,45910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45907,45808],{"class":67},[61,45909,378],{"class":75},[61,45911,45813],{"class":79},[61,45913,45914,45916,45918],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45915,45818],{"class":67},[61,45917,378],{"class":75},[61,45919,2819],{"class":79},[61,45921,45922],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,45923,45924],{"class":79},"23\n",[14,45926,45927,45928,45931,45932,26],{},"That happens because ",[18,45929,45930],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45933,45934],{},"\"23\"",[45140,45936],{},[47,45938,45940],{"id":45939},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45942,45943,45944,26],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45945,3197],{},[819,45947,4932,45949,41765],{"id":45948},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45950,3197],{},[14,45952,39420],{},[52,45954,45956],{"className":54,"code":45955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45957,45958,45976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45959,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,45961,1766],{"class":67},[61,45963,72],{"class":71},[61,45965,8472],{"class":126},[61,45967,113],{"class":75},[61,45969,215],{"class":214},[61,45971,42094],{"class":218},[61,45973,215],{"class":214},[61,45975,120],{"class":75},[61,45977,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986,45988],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,45979,127],{"class":126},[61,45981,113],{"class":75},[61,45983,648],{"class":109},[61,45985,113],{"class":75},[61,45987,1783],{"class":116},[61,45989,480],{"class":75},[14,45991,139],{},[52,45993,45995],{"className":54,"code":45994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45996,45997],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,45998,45999,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46000,672],{"class":71},[61,46002,676],{"class":675},[61,46004,308],{"class":214},[61,46006,1208],{"class":218},[61,46008,299],{"class":214},[61,46010,685],{"class":71},[14,46012,46013],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[819,46015,46017],{"id":46016},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,46019,46020],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[52,46022,46024],{"className":54,"code":46023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,46025,46026,46044,46063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46027,46028,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46029,717],{"class":67},[61,46031,72],{"class":71},[61,46033,8472],{"class":126},[61,46035,113],{"class":75},[61,46037,215],{"class":214},[61,46039,42094],{"class":218},[61,46041,215],{"class":214},[61,46043,120],{"class":75},[61,46045,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46059,46061],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46047,728],{"class":67},[61,46049,72],{"class":71},[61,46051,8472],{"class":126},[61,46053,113],{"class":75},[61,46055,215],{"class":214},[61,46057,46058],{"class":218},"Enter another number: ",[61,46060,215],{"class":214},[61,46062,120],{"class":75},[61,46064,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46066,127],{"class":126},[61,46068,113],{"class":75},[61,46070,717],{"class":116},[61,46072,2313],{"class":71},[61,46074,2801],{"class":116},[61,46076,120],{"class":75},[14,46078,41343,46079,4621,46081,46083,46084,19183,46087,26],{},[18,46080,498],{},[18,46082,945],{},", the result is ",[18,46085,46086],{},"45",[18,46088,2394],{},[819,46090,46092,46093,46095,46096],{"id":46091},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,46094,40926],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,46097,3118],{},[14,46099,197],{},[52,46101,46103],{"className":54,"code":46102,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,46104,46105],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46106,46107,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46108,21848],{"class":67},[61,46110,72],{"class":71},[61,46112,45500],{"class":109},[61,46114,113],{"class":75},[61,46116,42686],{"class":126},[61,46118,113],{"class":75},[61,46120,215],{"class":214},[61,46122,45404],{"class":218},[61,46124,215],{"class":214},[61,46126,480],{"class":75},[14,46128,8501,46129,46132,46133,26],{},[18,46130,46131],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,46134,40926],{},[14,46136,46137,46138,26],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[334,46139,46141],{"href":46140},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[819,46143,46145],{"id":46144},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46147,46148],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[52,46150,46152],{"className":54,"code":46151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,46153,46154,46172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46155,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168,46170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46157,8106],{"class":67},[61,46159,72],{"class":71},[61,46161,8472],{"class":126},[61,46163,113],{"class":75},[61,46165,215],{"class":214},[61,46167,45110],{"class":218},[61,46169,215],{"class":214},[61,46171,120],{"class":75},[61,46173,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182,46184],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46175,127],{"class":126},[61,46177,113],{"class":75},[61,46179,42002],{"class":126},[61,46181,113],{"class":75},[61,46183,7899],{"class":116},[61,46185,480],{"class":75},[14,46187,46188],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46190,46191,46192,378],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46193,46194],{},".strip()",[52,46196,46198],{"className":54,"code":46197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46199,46200,46222],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46201,46202,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46203,8106],{"class":67},[61,46205,72],{"class":71},[61,46207,8472],{"class":126},[61,46209,113],{"class":75},[61,46211,215],{"class":214},[61,46213,45110],{"class":218},[61,46215,215],{"class":214},[61,46217,8861],{"class":75},[61,46219,8864],{"class":116},[61,46221,628],{"class":75},[61,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46225,127],{"class":126},[61,46227,113],{"class":75},[61,46229,7899],{"class":116},[61,46231,120],{"class":75},[45140,46233],{},[47,46235,46237],{"id":46236},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46239,46240,46241,46243],{},"These habits make ",[18,46242,3197],{}," easier and safer to use.",[34,46245,46246,46249,46254,46257],{},[37,46247,46248],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[37,46250,165,46251,46253],{},[18,46252,46194],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[37,46255,46256],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[37,46258,165,46259,46261],{},[18,46260,30003],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46263,46264,46265,378],{},"Example with ",[18,46266,46194],{},[52,46268,46270],{"className":54,"code":46269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46271,46272,46296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46273,46274,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46288,46290,46292,46294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46275,46276],{"class":67},"city ",[61,46278,72],{"class":71},[61,46280,8472],{"class":126},[61,46282,113],{"class":75},[61,46284,215],{"class":214},[61,46286,46287],{"class":218},"Enter your city: ",[61,46289,215],{"class":214},[61,46291,8861],{"class":75},[61,46293,8864],{"class":116},[61,46295,628],{"class":75},[61,46297,46298,46300,46302,46304,46307,46309,46311,46313],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46299,127],{"class":126},[61,46301,113],{"class":75},[61,46303,215],{"class":214},[61,46305,46306],{"class":218},"City:",[61,46308,215],{"class":214},[61,46310,83],{"class":75},[61,46312,31605],{"class":116},[61,46314,120],{"class":75},[14,46316,46264,46317,378],{},[18,46318,30003],{},[52,46320,46322],{"className":54,"code":46321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46323,46324,46330,46353,46385,46393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46325,46326,46328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46327,30025],{"class":1490},[61,46329,6621],{"class":75},[61,46331,46332,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349,46351],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46333,46334],{"class":67},"    age ",[61,46336,72],{"class":71},[61,46338,45500],{"class":109},[61,46340,113],{"class":75},[61,46342,42686],{"class":126},[61,46344,113],{"class":75},[61,46346,215],{"class":214},[61,46348,45404],{"class":218},[61,46350,215],{"class":214},[61,46352,480],{"class":75},[61,46354,46355,46357,46359,46361,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46376,46378,46381,46383],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46356,8299],{"class":126},[61,46358,113],{"class":75},[61,46360,215],{"class":214},[61,46362,46363],{"class":218},"You will be",[61,46365,215],{"class":214},[61,46367,83],{"class":75},[61,46369,45682],{"class":116},[61,46371,2313],{"class":71},[61,46373,587],{"class":79},[61,46375,83],{"class":75},[61,46377,226],{"class":214},[61,46379,46380],{"class":218},"next year",[61,46382,215],{"class":214},[61,46384,120],{"class":75},[61,46386,46387,46389,46391],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,46388,30056],{"class":1490},[61,46390,42149],{"class":109},[61,46392,6621],{"class":75},[61,46394,46395,46397,46399,46401,46404,46406],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,46396,8299],{"class":126},[61,46398,113],{"class":75},[61,46400,215],{"class":214},[61,46402,46403],{"class":218},"Please enter a whole number.",[61,46405,215],{"class":214},[61,46407,120],{"class":75},[14,46409,46410],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46412,46413,46414,26],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[334,46415,46417],{"href":46416},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45140,46419],{},[47,46421,1741],{"id":1740},[14,46423,46424,46425,378],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46426,3197],{},[34,46428,46429,46436,46439,46442],{},[37,46430,46431,46432,1881,46434],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46433,3118],{},[18,46435,3124],{},[37,46437,46438],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[37,46440,46441],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[37,46443,46444],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46446,32303],{},[52,46448,46450],{"className":54,"code":46449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46451,46452,46462,46476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46453,46454,46456,46458,46460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46455,127],{"class":126},[61,46457,113],{"class":75},[61,46459,1783],{"class":116},[61,46461,120],{"class":75},[61,46463,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472,46474],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46465,127],{"class":126},[61,46467,113],{"class":75},[61,46469,648],{"class":109},[61,46471,113],{"class":75},[61,46473,1783],{"class":116},[61,46475,480],{"class":75},[61,46477,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46479,127],{"class":126},[61,46481,113],{"class":75},[61,46483,42002],{"class":126},[61,46485,113],{"class":75},[61,46487,1783],{"class":116},[61,46489,480],{"class":75},[14,46491,46492,46493,46495],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46494,3197],{}," actually returned:",[34,46497,46498,46503,46508],{},[37,46499,46500,46502],{},[18,46501,42050],{}," shows the value",[37,46504,46505,46507],{},[18,46506,42056],{}," shows the data type",[37,46509,46510,46512],{},[18,46511,42061],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46514,197],{},[52,46516,46518],{"className":54,"code":46517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46519,46520,46539,46549,46563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46521,46522,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46535,46537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46523,1766],{"class":67},[61,46525,72],{"class":71},[61,46527,8472],{"class":126},[61,46529,113],{"class":75},[61,46531,215],{"class":214},[61,46533,46534],{"class":218},"Enter something: ",[61,46536,215],{"class":214},[61,46538,120],{"class":75},[61,46540,46541,46543,46545,46547],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46542,127],{"class":126},[61,46544,113],{"class":75},[61,46546,1783],{"class":116},[61,46548,120],{"class":75},[61,46550,46551,46553,46555,46557,46559,46561],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46552,127],{"class":126},[61,46554,113],{"class":75},[61,46556,648],{"class":109},[61,46558,113],{"class":75},[61,46560,1783],{"class":116},[61,46562,480],{"class":75},[61,46564,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,46566,127],{"class":126},[61,46568,113],{"class":75},[61,46570,42002],{"class":126},[61,46572,113],{"class":75},[61,46574,1783],{"class":116},[61,46576,480],{"class":75},[45140,46578],{},[47,46580,1987],{"id":1986},[819,46582,12927,46584,46586],{"id":46583},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46585,3197],{}," return an integer?",[14,46588,46589,46590,46592,46593,40151],{},"No. ",[18,46591,3197],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46594,3118],{},[819,46596,46598,46599,2735],{"id":46597},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46600,3197],{},[14,46602,46603,46604,46606],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46605,3197],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[819,46608,2093,46610,46613,46614,2735],{"id":46609},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46611,46612],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46615,3197],{},[14,46617,29282,46618,46620,46621,42378,46623,46625],{},[18,46619,3197],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46622,45930],{},[18,46624,45934],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[819,46627,46629],{"id":46628},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46631,165,46632,46634,46635,26],{},[18,46633,46194],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46636,46637],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45140,46639],{},[47,46641,2144],{"id":2143},[34,46643,46644,46649,46653,46659,46665,46669],{},[37,46645,46646],{},[334,46647,46648],{"href":46416},"How to get user input in Python",[37,46650,46651],{},[334,46652,9284],{"href":9206},[37,46654,46655],{},[334,46656,3808,46657,3741],{"href":3115},[18,46658,3118],{},[37,46660,46661],{},[334,46662,3808,46663,3741],{"href":3121},[18,46664,3124],{},[37,46666,46667],{},[334,46668,46141],{"href":46140},[37,46670,46671],{},[334,46672,3808,46674,3741],{"href":46673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46675,46676],{},"print()",[2169,46678,46679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":46681},[46682,46683,46685,46686,46688,46694,46702,46703,46704,46713],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":45144,"depth":101,"text":46684},"What input() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":45373,"depth":101,"text":46687},"What input() returns",{"id":45576,"depth":101,"text":45577,"children":46689},[46690,46691,46693],{"id":45580,"depth":123,"text":45581},{"id":45633,"depth":123,"text":46692},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45704,"depth":123,"text":45705},{"id":45939,"depth":101,"text":45940,"children":46695},[46696,46698,46699,46701],{"id":45948,"depth":123,"text":46697},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46016,"depth":123,"text":46017},{"id":46091,"depth":123,"text":46700},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46144,"depth":123,"text":46145},{"id":46236,"depth":101,"text":46237},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":46705},[46706,46708,46710,46712],{"id":46583,"depth":123,"text":46707},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46597,"depth":123,"text":46709},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46609,"depth":123,"text":46711},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46628,"depth":123,"text":46629},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42417,"description":46714},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46721,"title":42319,"body":46722,"description":49034,"extension":2216,"meta":49035,"navigation":271,"path":49036,"seo":49037,"stem":49038,"__hash__":49039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46723,"toc":48986},[46724,46729,46734,46739,46760,46763,46765,46824,46826,46845,46850,46855,46860,46862,46875,46877,46960,46962,47003,47009,47011,47041,47047,47050,47067,47069,47121,47123,47141,47147,47153,47156,47174,47176,47249,47251,47270,47277,47283,47288,47291,47351,47353,47372,47375,47378,47393,47399,47403,47464,47466,47487,47491,47620,47622,47752,47762,47768,47774,47782,47848,47850,47875,47878,47895,47908,47914,47917,47950,47952,47965,47968,48011,48013,48021,48028,48032,48039,48043,48070,48072,48080,48086,48103,48108,48112,48139,48141,48149,48153,48158,48161,48187,48190,48199,48207,48211,48221,48225,48228,48230,48281,48283,48313,48323,48350,48352,48360,48370,48374,48377,48379,48427,48429,48473,48479,48530,48532,48551,48556,48561,48564,48583,48586,48638,48640,48649,48651,48655,48659,48662,48671,48678,48680,48707,48711,48713,48722,48725,48732,48738,48798,48802,48804,48812,48815,48841,48847,48850,48870,48872,48881,48889,48891,48897,48902,48909,48919,48925,48933,48937,48940,48942,48983],[10,46725,3808,46727,3812],{"id":46726},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46728,3118],{},[14,46730,32538,46731,46733],{},[18,46732,3118],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46735,29,46736,46738],{},[18,46737,3118],{}," when they want to:",[34,46740,46741,46751,46754,46757],{},[37,46742,46743,46744,46747,46748],{},"turn text like ",[18,46745,46746],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46749,46750],{},"42",[37,46752,46753],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[37,46755,46756],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[37,46758,46759],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46761,46762],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[47,46764,50],{"id":49},[52,46766,46768],{"className":54,"code":46767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46769,46770,46788,46802],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46771,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46784,46786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46773,127],{"class":126},[61,46775,113],{"class":75},[61,46777,1203],{"class":109},[61,46779,113],{"class":75},[61,46781,215],{"class":214},[61,46783,46750],{"class":218},[61,46785,215],{"class":214},[61,46787,480],{"class":75},[61,46789,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46791,127],{"class":126},[61,46793,113],{"class":75},[61,46795,1203],{"class":109},[61,46797,113],{"class":75},[61,46799,42207],{"class":79},[61,46801,480],{"class":75},[61,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46816,46818,46820,46822],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46805,127],{"class":126},[61,46807,113],{"class":75},[61,46809,1203],{"class":109},[61,46811,113],{"class":75},[61,46813,215],{"class":214},[61,46815,1461],{"class":218},[61,46817,215],{"class":214},[61,46819,83],{"class":75},[61,46821,86],{"class":79},[61,46823,480],{"class":75},[14,46825,139],{},[52,46827,46829],{"className":54,"code":46828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46830,46831,46836,46841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46832,46833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46834,46835],{"class":79},"42\n",[61,46837,46838],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46839,46840],{"class":79},"3\n",[61,46842,46843],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46844,3186],{"class":79},[14,46846,165,46847,46849],{},[18,46848,3118],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[47,46851,3911,46853,3914],{"id":46852},"what-int-does",[18,46854,3118],{},[14,46856,46857,46859],{},[18,46858,3118],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46861,13276],{},[34,46863,46864,46869,46872],{},[37,46865,46866,46867,7570],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46868,1203],{},[37,46870,46871],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[37,46873,46874],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46876,197],{},[52,46878,46880],{"className":54,"code":46879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46881,46882,46894,46908,46912,46922,46932,46946],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46883,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46885,1033],{"class":67},[61,46887,72],{"class":71},[61,46889,226],{"class":214},[61,46891,9418],{"class":218},[61,46893,1043],{"class":214},[61,46895,46896,46898,46900,46902,46904,46906],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46897,2464],{"class":67},[61,46899,72],{"class":71},[61,46901,45500],{"class":109},[61,46903,113],{"class":75},[61,46905,1056],{"class":116},[61,46907,120],{"class":75},[61,46909,46910],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46911,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,46913,46914,46916,46918,46920],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,46915,127],{"class":126},[61,46917,113],{"class":75},[61,46919,1056],{"class":116},[61,46921,120],{"class":75},[61,46923,46924,46926,46928,46930],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,46925,127],{"class":126},[61,46927,113],{"class":75},[61,46929,2486],{"class":116},[61,46931,120],{"class":75},[61,46933,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,46935,127],{"class":126},[61,46937,113],{"class":75},[61,46939,648],{"class":109},[61,46941,113],{"class":75},[61,46943,1056],{"class":116},[61,46945,480],{"class":75},[61,46947,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,46949,127],{"class":126},[61,46951,113],{"class":75},[61,46953,648],{"class":109},[61,46955,113],{"class":75},[61,46957,2486],{"class":116},[61,46959,480],{"class":75},[14,46961,139],{},[52,46963,46965],{"className":54,"code":46964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46966,46967,46971,46975,46989],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,46968,46969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,46970,2950],{"class":79},[61,46972,46973],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,46974,2950],{"class":79},[61,46976,46977,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,46978,672],{"class":71},[61,46980,676],{"class":675},[61,46982,308],{"class":214},[61,46984,1208],{"class":218},[61,46986,299],{"class":214},[61,46988,685],{"class":71},[61,46990,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,46992,672],{"class":71},[61,46994,676],{"class":675},[61,46996,308],{"class":214},[61,46998,1203],{"class":218},[61,47000,299],{"class":214},[61,47002,685],{"class":71},[14,47004,47005,47006,47008],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,47007,3118],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[47,47010,341],{"id":340},[52,47012,47014],{"className":54,"code":47013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,47015,47016,47026],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47019,1203],{"class":109},[61,47021,113],{"class":75},[61,47023,2422],{"class":116},[61,47025,120],{"class":75},[61,47027,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47039],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47029,1203],{"class":109},[61,47031,113],{"class":75},[61,47033,2422],{"class":116},[61,47035,83],{"class":75},[61,47037,47038],{"class":116}," base",[61,47040,120],{"class":75},[819,47042,47044],{"id":47043},"intx",[18,47045,47046],{},"int(x)",[14,47048,47049],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[34,47051,47052,47057,47062],{},[37,47053,47054,47055],{},"a string such as ",[18,47056,42349],{},[37,47058,47059,47060],{},"a float such as ",[18,47061,42207],{},[37,47063,47064,47065],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,47066,3837],{},[14,47068,197],{},[52,47070,47072],{"className":54,"code":47071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,47073,47074,47092,47107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47075,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47077,127],{"class":126},[61,47079,113],{"class":75},[61,47081,1203],{"class":109},[61,47083,113],{"class":75},[61,47085,215],{"class":214},[61,47087,447],{"class":218},[61,47089,215],{"class":214},[61,47091,480],{"class":75},[61,47093,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47105],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47095,127],{"class":126},[61,47097,113],{"class":75},[61,47099,1203],{"class":109},[61,47101,113],{"class":75},[61,47103,47104],{"class":79},"8.7",[61,47106,480],{"class":75},[61,47108,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47110,127],{"class":126},[61,47112,113],{"class":75},[61,47114,1203],{"class":109},[61,47116,113],{"class":75},[61,47118,3837],{"class":1523},[61,47120,480],{"class":75},[14,47122,139],{},[52,47124,47126],{"className":54,"code":47125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,47127,47128,47132,47136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47129,47130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47131,2621],{"class":79},[61,47133,47134],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47135,2626],{"class":79},[61,47137,47138],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47139,47140],{"class":79},"1\n",[819,47142,47144],{"id":47143},"intx-base",[18,47145,47146],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47148,47149,47150,47152],{},"Use this form when ",[18,47151,2422],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47154,47155],{},"Common bases:",[34,47157,47158,47163,47168],{},[37,47159,47160,47162],{},[18,47161,2310],{}," for binary",[37,47164,47165,47167],{},[18,47166,2590],{}," for octal",[37,47169,47170,47173],{},[18,47171,47172],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47175,197],{},[52,47177,47179],{"className":54,"code":47178,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47180,47181,47203,47226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47182,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47184,127],{"class":126},[61,47186,113],{"class":75},[61,47188,1203],{"class":109},[61,47190,113],{"class":75},[61,47192,215],{"class":214},[61,47194,1461],{"class":218},[61,47196,215],{"class":214},[61,47198,83],{"class":75},[61,47200,86],{"class":79},[61,47202,480],{"class":75},[61,47204,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47218,47220,47222,47224],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47206,127],{"class":126},[61,47208,113],{"class":75},[61,47210,1203],{"class":109},[61,47212,113],{"class":75},[61,47214,215],{"class":214},[61,47216,47217],{"class":218},"17",[61,47219,215],{"class":214},[61,47221,83],{"class":75},[61,47223,6587],{"class":79},[61,47225,480],{"class":75},[61,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47241,47243,47245,47247],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47229,127],{"class":126},[61,47231,113],{"class":75},[61,47233,1203],{"class":109},[61,47235,113],{"class":75},[61,47237,215],{"class":214},[61,47239,47240],{"class":218},"1A",[61,47242,215],{"class":214},[61,47244,83],{"class":75},[61,47246,14209],{"class":79},[61,47248,480],{"class":75},[14,47250,139],{},[52,47252,47254],{"className":54,"code":47253,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47255,47256,47260,47265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47257,47258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47259,3186],{"class":79},[61,47261,47262],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47263,47264],{"class":79},"15\n",[61,47266,47267],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47268,47269],{"class":79},"26\n",[14,47271,47272,47273,26],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[334,47274,47275,2548],{"href":3121},[18,47276,3124],{},[47,47278,1750,47280,47282],{"id":47279},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47281,3118],{}," with strings",[14,47284,47285,47287],{},[18,47286,3118],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47289,47290],{},"Examples that work:",[52,47292,47294],{"className":54,"code":47293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47295,47296,47314,47332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47299,127],{"class":126},[61,47301,113],{"class":75},[61,47303,1203],{"class":109},[61,47305,113],{"class":75},[61,47307,215],{"class":214},[61,47309,945],{"class":218},[61,47311,215],{"class":214},[61,47313,480],{"class":75},[61,47315,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47317,127],{"class":126},[61,47319,113],{"class":75},[61,47321,1203],{"class":109},[61,47323,113],{"class":75},[61,47325,215],{"class":214},[61,47327,2537],{"class":218},[61,47329,215],{"class":214},[61,47331,480],{"class":75},[61,47333,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47347,47349],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47335,127],{"class":126},[61,47337,113],{"class":75},[61,47339,1203],{"class":109},[61,47341,113],{"class":75},[61,47343,215],{"class":214},[61,47345,47346],{"class":218},"  42  ",[61,47348,215],{"class":214},[61,47350,480],{"class":75},[14,47352,139],{},[52,47354,47356],{"className":54,"code":47355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47357,47358,47362,47368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47359,47360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47361,3186],{"class":79},[61,47363,47364,47366],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47365,2275],{"class":71},[61,47367,2472],{"class":79},[61,47369,47370],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47371,46835],{"class":79},[14,47373,47374],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47376,47377],{},"Examples that fail:",[52,47379,47381],{"className":54,"code":47380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47382,47383,47388],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47384,47385],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47386,47387],{"class":3896},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[61,47389,47390],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47391,47392],{"class":3896},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47394,47395,47396,47398],{},"These raise ",[18,47397,40926],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[819,47400,47402],{"id":47401},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[52,47404,47406],{"className":54,"code":47405,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47407,47408,47426,47445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47409,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47411,127],{"class":126},[61,47413,113],{"class":75},[61,47415,1203],{"class":109},[61,47417,113],{"class":75},[61,47419,215],{"class":214},[61,47421,582],{"class":218},[61,47423,215],{"class":214},[61,47425,480],{"class":75},[61,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47441,47443],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47429,127],{"class":126},[61,47431,113],{"class":75},[61,47433,1203],{"class":109},[61,47435,113],{"class":75},[61,47437,215],{"class":214},[61,47439,47440],{"class":218},"+7",[61,47442,215],{"class":214},[61,47444,480],{"class":75},[61,47446,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47460,47462],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47448,127],{"class":126},[61,47450,113],{"class":75},[61,47452,1203],{"class":109},[61,47454,113],{"class":75},[61,47456,215],{"class":214},[61,47458,47459],{"class":218},"-100",[61,47461,215],{"class":214},[61,47463,480],{"class":75},[14,47465,139],{},[52,47467,47469],{"className":54,"code":47468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47470,47471,47476,47480],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47472,47473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47474,47475],{"class":79},"0\n",[61,47477,47478],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47479,2332],{"class":79},[61,47481,47482,47484],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47483,2275],{"class":71},[61,47485,47486],{"class":79},"100\n",[819,47488,47490],{"id":47489},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[52,47492,47494],{"className":54,"code":47493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47495,47496,47534,47538,47550,47557,47572,47587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47497,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512,47514,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47530,47532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47499,937],{"class":67},[61,47501,72],{"class":71},[61,47503,76],{"class":75},[61,47505,215],{"class":214},[61,47507,40365],{"class":218},[61,47509,215],{"class":214},[61,47511,83],{"class":75},[61,47513,226],{"class":214},[61,47515,47516],{"class":218},"12abc",[61,47518,215],{"class":214},[61,47520,83],{"class":75},[61,47522,6354],{"class":214},[61,47524,83],{"class":75},[61,47526,226],{"class":214},[61,47528,47529],{"class":218},"seven",[61,47531,215],{"class":214},[61,47533,98],{"class":75},[61,47535,47536],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47537,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,47539,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47541,6186],{"class":1490},[61,47543,21804],{"class":67},[61,47545,1433],{"class":1490},[61,47547,4115],{"class":67},[61,47549,6621],{"class":75},[61,47551,47552,47555],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,47553,47554],{"class":1490},"    try",[61,47556,6621],{"class":75},[61,47558,47559,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,47560,47561],{"class":126},"        print",[61,47563,113],{"class":75},[61,47565,1203],{"class":109},[61,47567,113],{"class":75},[61,47569,1783],{"class":116},[61,47571,480],{"class":75},[61,47573,47574,47577,47579,47582,47585],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,47575,47576],{"class":1490},"    except",[61,47578,42149],{"class":109},[61,47580,47581],{"class":1490}," as",[61,47583,47584],{"class":67}," error",[61,47586,6621],{"class":75},[61,47588,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47604,47606,47609,47611,47614,47616,47618],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,47590,47561],{"class":126},[61,47592,113],{"class":75},[61,47594,22514],{"class":675},[61,47596,215],{"class":218},[61,47598,149],{"class":79},[61,47600,1783],{"class":116},[61,47602,47603],{"class":675},"!r",[61,47605,22523],{"class":79},[61,47607,47608],{"class":218}," -> ",[61,47610,149],{"class":79},[61,47612,47613],{"class":116},"error",[61,47615,22523],{"class":79},[61,47617,215],{"class":218},[61,47619,120],{"class":75},[14,47621,139],{},[52,47623,47625],{"className":54,"code":47624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47626,47627,47663,47695,47720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47628,47629,47631,47633,47635,47638,47641,47643,47645,47647,47650,47653,47655,47657,47659,47661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47630,299],{"class":43552},[61,47632,40365],{"class":43556},[61,47634,299],{"class":43552},[61,47636,47637],{"class":37588}," ->",[61,47639,47640],{"class":67}," invalid literal ",[61,47642,6186],{"class":1490},[61,47644,45500],{"class":109},[61,47646,7596],{"class":75},[61,47648,47649],{"class":1490}," with",[61,47651,47652],{"class":67}," base ",[61,47654,447],{"class":79},[61,47656,378],{"class":75},[61,47658,308],{"class":214},[61,47660,40365],{"class":218},[61,47662,29921],{"class":214},[61,47664,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47666,299],{"class":214},[61,47668,47516],{"class":218},[61,47670,299],{"class":214},[61,47672,47637],{"class":37588},[61,47674,47640],{"class":67},[61,47676,6186],{"class":1490},[61,47678,45500],{"class":109},[61,47680,7596],{"class":75},[61,47682,47649],{"class":1490},[61,47684,47652],{"class":67},[61,47686,447],{"class":79},[61,47688,378],{"class":75},[61,47690,308],{"class":214},[61,47692,47516],{"class":218},[61,47694,29921],{"class":214},[61,47696,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47698,4007],{"class":214},[61,47700,47637],{"class":37588},[61,47702,47640],{"class":67},[61,47704,6186],{"class":1490},[61,47706,45500],{"class":109},[61,47708,7596],{"class":75},[61,47710,47649],{"class":1490},[61,47712,47652],{"class":67},[61,47714,447],{"class":79},[61,47716,378],{"class":75},[61,47718,47719],{"class":214}," ''\n",[61,47721,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,47723,299],{"class":214},[61,47725,47529],{"class":218},[61,47727,299],{"class":214},[61,47729,47637],{"class":37588},[61,47731,47640],{"class":67},[61,47733,6186],{"class":1490},[61,47735,45500],{"class":109},[61,47737,7596],{"class":75},[61,47739,47649],{"class":1490},[61,47741,47652],{"class":67},[61,47743,447],{"class":79},[61,47745,378],{"class":75},[61,47747,308],{"class":214},[61,47749,47529],{"class":218},[61,47751,29921],{"class":214},[14,47753,47754,47755,47757,47758,26],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[334,47756,9207],{"href":9206}," and the ",[334,47759,47760,2548],{"href":8449},[18,47761,3197],{},[47,47763,1750,47765,47767],{"id":47764},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47766,3118],{}," with floats",[14,47769,47770,47771,47773],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47772,3118],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47775,47776,47777,14274,47779,47781],{},"Important: ",[18,47778,3118],{},[23,47780,704],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[52,47783,47785],{"className":54,"code":47784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47786,47787,47801,47816,47832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47788,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47790,127],{"class":126},[61,47792,113],{"class":75},[61,47794,1203],{"class":109},[61,47796,113],{"class":75},[61,47798,42207],{"class":79},[61,47800,480],{"class":75},[61,47802,47803,47805,47807,47809,47811,47814],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47804,127],{"class":126},[61,47806,113],{"class":75},[61,47808,1203],{"class":109},[61,47810,113],{"class":75},[61,47812,47813],{"class":79},"3.1",[61,47815,480],{"class":75},[61,47817,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47819,127],{"class":126},[61,47821,113],{"class":75},[61,47823,1203],{"class":109},[61,47825,113],{"class":75},[61,47827,2275],{"class":71},[61,47829,42207],{"class":79},[61,47831,480],{"class":75},[61,47833,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,47835,127],{"class":126},[61,47837,113],{"class":75},[61,47839,1203],{"class":109},[61,47841,113],{"class":75},[61,47843,2275],{"class":71},[61,47845,47813],{"class":79},[61,47847,480],{"class":75},[14,47849,139],{},[52,47851,47853],{"className":54,"code":47852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47854,47855,47859,47863,47869],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47856,47857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47858,46840],{"class":79},[61,47860,47861],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47862,46840],{"class":79},[61,47864,47865,47867],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,47866,2275],{"class":71},[61,47868,46840],{"class":79},[61,47870,47871,47873],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,47872,2275],{"class":71},[61,47874,46840],{"class":79},[14,47876,47877],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[34,47879,47880,47887],{},[37,47881,47882,42378,47885],{},[18,47883,47884],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47886,1321],{},[37,47888,47889,42378,47892],{},[18,47890,47891],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47893,47894],{},"-3",[14,47896,47897,47898,47902,47903,26],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[334,47899,47900],{"href":3121},[18,47901,3124],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[334,47904,47905],{"href":42398},[18,47906,47907],{},"str()",[47,47909,1750,47911,47913],{"id":47910},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47912,3118],{}," with booleans",[14,47915,47916],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[52,47918,47920],{"className":54,"code":47919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47921,47922,47936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47923,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47925,127],{"class":126},[61,47927,113],{"class":75},[61,47929,1203],{"class":109},[61,47931,113],{"class":75},[61,47933,3837],{"class":1523},[61,47935,480],{"class":75},[61,47937,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47939,127],{"class":126},[61,47941,113],{"class":75},[61,47943,1203],{"class":109},[61,47945,113],{"class":75},[61,47947,3907],{"class":1523},[61,47949,480],{"class":75},[14,47951,139],{},[52,47953,47955],{"className":54,"code":47954,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n0\n",[18,47956,47957,47961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47958,47959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47960,47140],{"class":79},[61,47962,47963],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47964,47475],{"class":79},[14,47966,47967],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[52,47969,47971],{"className":54,"code":47970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47972,47973,47982,47997,48001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,47974,47975,47978,47980],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,47976,47977],{"class":67},"passed ",[61,47979,72],{"class":71},[61,47981,6651],{"class":1523},[61,47983,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47995],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,47985,41405],{"class":67},[61,47987,72],{"class":71},[61,47989,45500],{"class":109},[61,47991,113],{"class":75},[61,47993,47994],{"class":116},"passed",[61,47996,120],{"class":75},[61,47998,47999],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48000,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,48002,48003,48005,48007,48009],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48004,127],{"class":126},[61,48006,113],{"class":75},[61,48008,41434],{"class":116},[61,48010,120],{"class":75},[14,48012,139],{},[52,48014,48015],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48016,48017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48018,48019],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48020,47140],{"class":79},[14,48022,48023,48024,26],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[334,48025,48026,2548],{"href":6008},[18,48027,4045],{},[47,48029,48031],{"id":48030},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,48033,48034,48035,48038],{},"Use the ",[18,48036,48037],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[819,48040,48042],{"id":48041},"binary-example","Binary example",[52,48044,48046],{"className":54,"code":48045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,48047,48048],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48051,127],{"class":126},[61,48053,113],{"class":75},[61,48055,1203],{"class":109},[61,48057,113],{"class":75},[61,48059,215],{"class":214},[61,48061,1461],{"class":218},[61,48063,215],{"class":214},[61,48065,83],{"class":75},[61,48067,86],{"class":79},[61,48069,480],{"class":75},[14,48071,139],{},[52,48073,48074],{"className":54,"code":3186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48075,48076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48077,48078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48079,3186],{"class":79},[14,48081,48082,48085],{},[18,48083,48084],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[34,48087,48088,48093,48098],{},[37,48089,48090],{},[18,48091,48092],{},"1 × 4",[37,48094,48095],{},[18,48096,48097],{},"0 × 2",[37,48099,48100],{},[18,48101,48102],{},"1 × 1",[14,48104,48105,48106,26],{},"So the result is ",[18,48107,945],{},[819,48109,48111],{"id":48110},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[52,48113,48115],{"className":54,"code":48114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,48116,48117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48118,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48120,127],{"class":126},[61,48122,113],{"class":75},[61,48124,1203],{"class":109},[61,48126,113],{"class":75},[61,48128,215],{"class":214},[61,48130,47240],{"class":218},[61,48132,215],{"class":214},[61,48134,83],{"class":75},[61,48136,14209],{"class":79},[61,48138,480],{"class":75},[14,48140,139],{},[52,48142,48143],{"className":54,"code":47269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48144,48145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48146,48147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48148,47269],{"class":79},[819,48150,48152],{"id":48151},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48154,2233,48155,48157],{},[18,48156,48037],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48159,48160],{},"Good:",[52,48162,48163],{"className":54,"code":48045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48164,48165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48166,48167,48169,48171,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48168,127],{"class":126},[61,48170,113],{"class":75},[61,48172,1203],{"class":109},[61,48174,113],{"class":75},[61,48176,215],{"class":214},[61,48178,1461],{"class":218},[61,48180,215],{"class":214},[61,48182,83],{"class":75},[61,48184,86],{"class":79},[61,48186,480],{"class":75},[14,48188,48189],{},"Not correct:",[52,48191,48193],{"className":54,"code":48192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48194,48195],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48196,48197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48198,48192],{"class":3896},[14,48200,48201,48202,8831,48204,48206],{},"That causes a ",[18,48203,1334],{},[18,48205,48037],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[47,48208,48210],{"id":48209},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48212,48213,48214,48216,48217,4621,48219,26],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48215,3118],{}," are ",[18,48218,40926],{},[18,48220,1334],{},[819,48222,48223],{"id":41736},[18,48224,40926],{},[14,48226,48227],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48229,197],{},[52,48231,48233],{"className":54,"code":48232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48234,48235,48241,48259,48271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48236,48237,48239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48238,30025],{"class":1490},[61,48240,6621],{"class":75},[61,48242,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,48244,8299],{"class":126},[61,48246,113],{"class":75},[61,48248,1203],{"class":109},[61,48250,113],{"class":75},[61,48252,215],{"class":214},[61,48254,40365],{"class":218},[61,48256,215],{"class":214},[61,48258,480],{"class":75},[61,48260,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48262,30056],{"class":1490},[61,48264,42149],{"class":109},[61,48266,47581],{"class":1490},[61,48268,47584],{"class":67},[61,48270,6621],{"class":75},[61,48272,48273,48275,48277,48279],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48274,8299],{"class":126},[61,48276,113],{"class":75},[61,48278,47613],{"class":116},[61,48280,120],{"class":75},[14,48282,139],{},[52,48284,48286],{"className":54,"code":48285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48287,48288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48289,48290,48293,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309,48311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48291,48292],{"class":67},"invalid literal ",[61,48294,6186],{"class":1490},[61,48296,45500],{"class":109},[61,48298,7596],{"class":75},[61,48300,47649],{"class":1490},[61,48302,47652],{"class":67},[61,48304,447],{"class":79},[61,48306,378],{"class":75},[61,48308,308],{"class":214},[61,48310,40365],{"class":218},[61,48312,29921],{"class":214},[14,48314,48315,48316,48319,48320,48322],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48317,48318],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48321,3118],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[52,48324,48326],{"className":54,"code":48325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48327,48328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48329,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48331,127],{"class":126},[61,48333,113],{"class":75},[61,48335,1203],{"class":109},[61,48337,113],{"class":75},[61,48339,1213],{"class":109},[61,48341,113],{"class":75},[61,48343,215],{"class":214},[61,48345,40365],{"class":218},[61,48347,215],{"class":214},[61,48349,460],{"class":75},[14,48351,139],{},[52,48353,48354],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48355,48356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48357,48358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48359,46840],{"class":79},[14,48361,48362,48363,4621,48366,26],{},"If you see this often, read ",[334,48364,48365],{"href":3201},"how to convert string to int in Python",[334,48367,25900,48368],{"href":46140},[18,48369,46141],{},[819,48371,48372],{"id":41802},[18,48373,1334],{},[14,48375,48376],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48378,197],{},[52,48380,48382],{"className":54,"code":48381,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48383,48384,48390,48404,48417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48385,48386,48388],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48387,30025],{"class":1490},[61,48389,6621],{"class":75},[61,48391,48392,48394,48396,48398,48400,48402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,48393,8299],{"class":126},[61,48395,113],{"class":75},[61,48397,1203],{"class":109},[61,48399,113],{"class":75},[61,48401,4012],{"class":1523},[61,48403,480],{"class":75},[61,48405,48406,48408,48411,48413,48415],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48407,30056],{"class":1490},[61,48409,48410],{"class":109}," TypeError",[61,48412,47581],{"class":1490},[61,48414,47584],{"class":67},[61,48416,6621],{"class":75},[61,48418,48419,48421,48423,48425],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48420,8299],{"class":126},[61,48422,113],{"class":75},[61,48424,47613],{"class":116},[61,48426,120],{"class":75},[14,48428,139],{},[52,48430,48432],{"className":54,"code":48431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48433,48434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48435,48436,48438,48440,48443,48445,48447,48450,48452,48455,48457,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468,48471],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48437,1203],{"class":109},[61,48439,7596],{"class":75},[61,48441,48442],{"class":67}," argument must be a string",[61,48444,83],{"class":75},[61,48446,44768],{"class":67},[61,48448,48449],{"class":109},"bytes",[61,48451,2275],{"class":71},[61,48453,48454],{"class":67},"like ",[61,48456,42622],{"class":109},[61,48458,48459],{"class":71}," or",[61,48461,41062],{"class":67},[61,48463,83],{"class":75},[61,48465,8329],{"class":71},[61,48467,308],{"class":214},[61,48469,48470],{"class":218},"NoneType",[61,48472,29921],{"class":214},[14,48474,48475,48476,48478],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48477,48037],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[52,48480,48482],{"className":54,"code":48481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48483,48484,48490,48508,48520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48485,48486,48488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48487,30025],{"class":1490},[61,48489,6621],{"class":75},[61,48491,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,48493,8299],{"class":126},[61,48495,113],{"class":75},[61,48497,1203],{"class":109},[61,48499,113],{"class":75},[61,48501,1461],{"class":79},[61,48503,83],{"class":75},[61,48505,86],{"class":79},[61,48507,480],{"class":75},[61,48509,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48511,30056],{"class":1490},[61,48513,48410],{"class":109},[61,48515,47581],{"class":1490},[61,48517,47584],{"class":67},[61,48519,6621],{"class":75},[61,48521,48522,48524,48526,48528],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48523,8299],{"class":126},[61,48525,113],{"class":75},[61,48527,47613],{"class":116},[61,48529,120],{"class":75},[14,48531,139],{},[52,48533,48535],{"className":54,"code":48534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48536,48537],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48538,48539,48541,48543,48546,48548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48540,1203],{"class":109},[61,48542,7596],{"class":75},[61,48544,48545],{"class":67}," can",[61,48547,299],{"class":214},[61,48549,48550],{"class":218},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[47,48552,5189,48554],{"id":48553},"when-to-use-int",[18,48555,3118],{},[14,48557,165,48558,48560],{},[18,48559,3118],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48562,48563],{},"Common uses:",[34,48565,48566,48572,48575,48578],{},[37,48567,48568,48569,48571],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48570,3197],{}," into integers",[37,48573,48574],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[37,48576,48577],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[37,48579,48580,48581,36837],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48582,48037],{},[14,48584,48585],{},"Example with user input:",[52,48587,48589],{"className":54,"code":48588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48590,48591,48605,48620,48624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48592,48593,48596,48598,48600,48603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48594,48595],{"class":67},"age_text ",[61,48597,72],{"class":71},[61,48599,226],{"class":214},[61,48601,48602],{"class":218},"18",[61,48604,1043],{"class":214},[61,48606,48607,48609,48611,48613,48615,48618],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,48608,21848],{"class":67},[61,48610,72],{"class":71},[61,48612,45500],{"class":109},[61,48614,113],{"class":75},[61,48616,48617],{"class":116},"age_text",[61,48619,120],{"class":75},[61,48621,48622],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48623,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,48625,48626,48628,48630,48632,48634,48636],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48627,127],{"class":126},[61,48629,113],{"class":75},[61,48631,21848],{"class":116},[61,48633,2313],{"class":71},[61,48635,587],{"class":79},[61,48637,120],{"class":75},[14,48639,139],{},[52,48641,48643],{"className":54,"code":48642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19\n",[18,48644,48645],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48646,48647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48648,48642],{"class":79},[47,48650,1741],{"id":1740},[14,48652,14954,48653,26],{},[18,48654,3118],{},[819,48656,48658],{"id":48657},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48660,48661],{},"This fails:",[52,48663,48665],{"className":54,"code":48664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48666,48667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48668,48669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48670,48664],{"class":3896},[14,48672,48673,48674,48677],{},"Why: ",[18,48675,48676],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48679,19060],{},[52,48681,48683],{"className":54,"code":48682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48684,48685],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48686,48687,48689,48691,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48688,127],{"class":126},[61,48690,113],{"class":75},[61,48692,1203],{"class":109},[61,48694,113],{"class":75},[61,48696,1213],{"class":109},[61,48698,113],{"class":75},[61,48700,215],{"class":214},[61,48702,41346],{"class":218},[61,48704,215],{"class":214},[61,48706,460],{"class":75},[819,48708,48710],{"id":48709},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48712,48661],{},[52,48714,48716],{"className":54,"code":48715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48717,48718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48719,48720],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48721,48715],{"class":3896},[14,48723,48724],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[819,48726,48728,48729],{"id":48727},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48730,48731],{},"int(None)",[14,48733,48734,48735,48737],{},"This fails because ",[18,48736,4012],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[52,48739,48741],{"className":54,"code":48740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48742,48743,48752,48756,48762,48776,48788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48744,48745,48747,48749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48746,1766],{"class":67},[61,48748,72],{"class":71},[61,48750,48751],{"class":1523}," None\n",[61,48753,48754],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,48755,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,48757,48758,48760],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,48759,30025],{"class":1490},[61,48761,6621],{"class":75},[61,48763,48764,48766,48768,48770,48772,48774],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,48765,8299],{"class":126},[61,48767,113],{"class":75},[61,48769,1203],{"class":109},[61,48771,113],{"class":75},[61,48773,1783],{"class":116},[61,48775,480],{"class":75},[61,48777,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,48779,30056],{"class":1490},[61,48781,48410],{"class":109},[61,48783,47581],{"class":1490},[61,48785,47584],{"class":67},[61,48787,6621],{"class":75},[61,48789,48790,48792,48794,48796],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,48791,8299],{"class":126},[61,48793,113],{"class":75},[61,48795,47613],{"class":116},[61,48797,120],{"class":75},[819,48799,48801],{"id":48800},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48803,48661],{},[52,48805,48806],{"className":54,"code":48192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48807,48808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48809,48810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48811,48192],{"class":3896},[14,48813,48814],{},"Use a string instead:",[52,48816,48817],{"className":54,"code":48045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,48818,48819],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48820,48821,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48822,127],{"class":126},[61,48824,113],{"class":75},[61,48826,1203],{"class":109},[61,48828,113],{"class":75},[61,48830,215],{"class":214},[61,48832,1461],{"class":218},[61,48834,215],{"class":214},[61,48836,83],{"class":75},[61,48838,86],{"class":79},[61,48840,480],{"class":75},[819,48842,1864,48844,48846],{"id":48843},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48845,3118],{}," to round",[14,48848,48849],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[52,48851,48853],{"className":54,"code":48852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48854,48855],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48856,48857,48859,48861,48863,48865,48868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48858,127],{"class":126},[61,48860,113],{"class":75},[61,48862,1203],{"class":109},[61,48864,113],{"class":75},[61,48866,48867],{"class":79},"4.9",[61,48869,480],{"class":75},[14,48871,139],{},[52,48873,48875],{"className":54,"code":48874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n",[18,48876,48877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,48878,48879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,48880,48874],{"class":79},[14,48882,3405,48883,48885,48886,48888],{},[18,48884,945],{},", remember that ",[18,48887,3118],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[47,48890,1987],{"id":1986},[819,48892,12927,48894,48896],{"id":48893},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48895,3118],{}," round numbers?",[14,48898,46589,48899,48901],{},[18,48900,3118],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[819,48903,2093,48905,48908],{"id":48904},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48906,48907],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48910,29282,48911,48913,48914,48916,48917,40151],{},[18,48912,48318],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48915,3124],{}," first, then use ",[18,48918,3118],{},[819,48920,5371,48922,12939],{"id":48921},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48923,48924],{},"int(True)",[14,48926,5377,48927,28535,48929,42378,48931,26],{},[18,48928,80],{},[18,48930,3907],{},[18,48932,582],{},[819,48934,48936],{"id":48935},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48938,48939],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[47,48941,2144],{"id":2143},[34,48943,48944,48950,48956,48962,48967,48971,48977],{},[37,48945,48946],{},[334,48947,48948,3741],{"href":3121},[18,48949,3124],{},[37,48951,48952],{},[334,48953,48954,3741],{"href":42398},[18,48955,47907],{},[37,48957,48958],{},[334,48959,48960,3741],{"href":6008},[18,48961,4045],{},[37,48963,48964],{},[334,48965,48966],{"href":3201},"How to convert string to int in Python",[37,48968,48969],{},[334,48970,9284],{"href":9206},[37,48972,48973],{},[334,48974,48975,3741],{"href":8449},[18,48976,3197],{},[37,48978,48979],{},[334,48980,30568,48981],{"href":46140},[18,48982,46141],{},[2169,48984,48985],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":48987},[48988,48989,48991,48995,49000,49002,49004,49009,49013,49015,49024,49033],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":46852,"depth":101,"text":48990},"What int() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":48992},[48993,48994],{"id":47043,"depth":123,"text":47046},{"id":47143,"depth":123,"text":47146},{"id":47279,"depth":101,"text":48996,"children":48997},"Using int() with strings",[48998,48999],{"id":47401,"depth":123,"text":47402},{"id":47489,"depth":123,"text":47490},{"id":47764,"depth":101,"text":49001},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47910,"depth":101,"text":49003},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48030,"depth":101,"text":48031,"children":49005},[49006,49007,49008],{"id":48041,"depth":123,"text":48042},{"id":48110,"depth":123,"text":48111},{"id":48151,"depth":123,"text":48152},{"id":48209,"depth":101,"text":48210,"children":49010},[49011,49012],{"id":41736,"depth":123,"text":40926},{"id":41802,"depth":123,"text":1334},{"id":48553,"depth":101,"text":49014},"When to use int()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":49016},[49017,49018,49019,49021,49022],{"id":48657,"depth":123,"text":48658},{"id":48709,"depth":123,"text":48710},{"id":48727,"depth":123,"text":49020},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48800,"depth":123,"text":48801},{"id":48843,"depth":123,"text":49023},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":49025},[49026,49028,49030,49032],{"id":48893,"depth":123,"text":49027},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48904,"depth":123,"text":49029},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48921,"depth":123,"text":49031},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48935,"depth":123,"text":48936},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42319,"description":49034},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49041,"title":49042,"body":49043,"description":50878,"extension":2216,"meta":50879,"navigation":271,"path":45026,"seo":50880,"stem":50881,"__hash__":50882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49044,"toc":50834},[49045,49050,49055,49063,49072,49074,49133,49139,49144,49149,49152,49179,49182,49185,49196,49206,49208,49210,49230,49234,49262,49264,49303,49305,49313,49315,49318,49322,49375,49377,49389,49393,49450,49452,49464,49470,49476,49480,49483,49486,49552,49554,49566,49572,49574,49626,49629,49670,49673,49680,49689,49695,49698,49731,49737,49740,49771,49777,49780,49792,49796,49801,49805,49963,49965,49980,49983,49987,50091,50093,50110,50114,50175,50177,50185,50188,50192,50259,50261,50270,50276,50278,50287,50289,50324,50329,50331,50361,50365,50367,50404,50407,50409,50446,50452,50454,50504,50506,50514,50524,50530,50534,50539,50588,50590,50603,50606,50608,50611,50686,50689,50708,50711,50741,50751,50753,50758,50765,50771,50777,50784,50792,50798,50801,50803,50831],[10,49046,3808,49048,3812],{"id":49047},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,49049,45029],{},[14,49051,49052,49054],{},[18,49053,45029],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49056,49057,49058,1881,49060,49062],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,49059,3837],{},[18,49061,3907],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49064,49065,49066,49068,49069,49071],{},"In many cases, ",[18,49067,45029],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,49070,2547],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[47,49073,3842],{"id":3841},[52,49075,49077],{"className":54,"code":49076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,49078,49079,49087,49091,49112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49080,49081,49083,49085],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49082,1766],{"class":67},[61,49084,72],{"class":71},[61,49086,2828],{"class":79},[61,49088,49089],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49090,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49092,49093,49095,49097,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49094,127],{"class":126},[61,49096,113],{"class":75},[61,49098,49099],{"class":126},"isinstance",[61,49101,113],{"class":75},[61,49103,1783],{"class":116},[61,49105,83],{"class":75},[61,49107,45500],{"class":109},[61,49109,5590],{"class":75},[61,49111,44079],{"class":3896},[61,49113,49114,49116,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49129,49131],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,49115,127],{"class":126},[61,49117,113],{"class":75},[61,49119,49099],{"class":126},[61,49121,113],{"class":75},[61,49123,1783],{"class":116},[61,49125,83],{"class":75},[61,49127,49128],{"class":109}," str",[61,49130,5590],{"class":75},[61,49132,44096],{"class":3896},[14,49134,165,49135,49138],{},[18,49136,49137],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[47,49140,3911,49142,3914],{"id":49141},"what-isinstance-does",[18,49143,45029],{},[14,49145,49146,49148],{},[18,49147,45029],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49150,49151],{},"It:",[34,49153,49154,49157,49163,49166],{},[37,49155,49156],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[37,49158,11644,49159,1881,49161],{},[18,49160,3837],{},[18,49162,3907],{},[37,49164,49165],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[37,49167,49168,49169,2437,49171,2437,49173,2437,49175,17293,49177],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49170,1208],{},[18,49172,1203],{},[18,49174,383],{},[18,49176,386],{},[18,49178,799],{},[14,49180,49181],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49183,49184],{},"For example, you might want to:",[34,49186,49187,49190,49193],{},[37,49188,49189],{},"loop through a list",[37,49191,49192],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[37,49194,49195],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49197,49198,49199,1881,49202,26],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[334,49200,45021],{"href":49201},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[334,49203,49205],{"href":49204},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[47,49207,341],{"id":340},[14,49209,344],{},[52,49211,49213],{"className":54,"code":49212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49214,49215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49216,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49218,49099],{"class":126},[61,49220,113],{"class":75},[61,49222,42622],{"class":109},[61,49224,83],{"class":75},[61,49226,49227],{"class":116}," classinfo",[61,49229,120],{"class":75},[819,49231,49233],{"id":49232},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[34,49235,49236,49241,49255],{},[37,49237,49238,49240],{},[18,49239,42622],{}," is the value you want to test",[37,49242,49243,49246,49247,2437,49249,2437,49251,2440,49253],{},[18,49244,49245],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49248,1203],{},[18,49250,1208],{},[18,49252,383],{},[18,49254,799],{},[37,49256,49257,49258,1881,49260],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49259,3837],{},[18,49261,3907],{},[14,49263,197],{},[52,49265,49267],{"className":54,"code":49266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49268,49269,49281,49285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49270,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49272,8106],{"class":67},[61,49274,72],{"class":71},[61,49276,226],{"class":214},[61,49278,11730],{"class":218},[61,49280,1043],{"class":214},[61,49282,49283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49284,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49286,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49288,127],{"class":126},[61,49290,113],{"class":75},[61,49292,49099],{"class":126},[61,49294,113],{"class":75},[61,49296,7899],{"class":116},[61,49298,83],{"class":75},[61,49300,49128],{"class":109},[61,49302,480],{"class":75},[14,49304,139],{},[52,49306,49307],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49308,49309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49310,49311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49312,1524],{"class":1523},[47,49314,11696],{"id":11695},[14,49316,49317],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[819,49319,49321],{"id":49320},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[52,49323,49325],{"className":54,"code":49324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49326,49327,49335,49339,49357],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49328,49329,49331,49333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49330,1766],{"class":67},[61,49332,72],{"class":71},[61,49334,45449],{"class":79},[61,49336,49337],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49338,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49340,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49342,127],{"class":126},[61,49344,113],{"class":75},[61,49346,49099],{"class":126},[61,49348,113],{"class":75},[61,49350,1783],{"class":116},[61,49352,83],{"class":75},[61,49354,45500],{"class":109},[61,49356,480],{"class":75},[61,49358,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,49360,127],{"class":126},[61,49362,113],{"class":75},[61,49364,49099],{"class":126},[61,49366,113],{"class":75},[61,49368,1783],{"class":116},[61,49370,83],{"class":75},[61,49372,49128],{"class":109},[61,49374,480],{"class":75},[14,49376,139],{},[52,49378,49379],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49380,49381,49385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49382,49383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49384,1524],{"class":1523},[61,49386,49387],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49388,1529],{"class":1523},[819,49390,49392],{"id":49391},"check-text","Check text",[52,49394,49396],{"className":54,"code":49395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49397,49398,49410,49414,49432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49399,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49401,1033],{"class":67},[61,49403,72],{"class":71},[61,49405,226],{"class":214},[61,49407,475],{"class":218},[61,49409,1043],{"class":214},[61,49411,49412],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49413,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49415,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49417,127],{"class":126},[61,49419,113],{"class":75},[61,49421,49099],{"class":126},[61,49423,113],{"class":75},[61,49425,1056],{"class":116},[61,49427,83],{"class":75},[61,49429,49128],{"class":109},[61,49431,480],{"class":75},[61,49433,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,49435,127],{"class":126},[61,49437,113],{"class":75},[61,49439,49099],{"class":126},[61,49441,113],{"class":75},[61,49443,1056],{"class":116},[61,49445,83],{"class":75},[61,49447,45500],{"class":109},[61,49449,480],{"class":75},[14,49451,139],{},[52,49453,49454],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49455,49456,49460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49457,49458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49459,1524],{"class":1523},[61,49461,49462],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49463,1529],{"class":1523},[14,49465,49466,49467,49469],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49468,45029],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49471,49472,49473,26],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[334,49474,49475],{"href":3201},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[47,49477,49479],{"id":49478},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49481,49482],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49484,49485],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[52,49487,49489],{"className":54,"code":49488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49490,49491,49500,49504,49528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49492,49493,49495,49497],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49494,1766],{"class":67},[61,49496,72],{"class":71},[61,49498,49499],{"class":79}," 3.5\n",[61,49501,49502],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49503,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49505,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49507,127],{"class":126},[61,49509,113],{"class":75},[61,49511,49099],{"class":126},[61,49513,113],{"class":75},[61,49515,1783],{"class":116},[61,49517,83],{"class":75},[61,49519,942],{"class":75},[61,49521,1203],{"class":109},[61,49523,83],{"class":75},[61,49525,40477],{"class":109},[61,49527,460],{"class":75},[61,49529,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,49531,127],{"class":126},[61,49533,113],{"class":75},[61,49535,49099],{"class":126},[61,49537,113],{"class":75},[61,49539,1783],{"class":116},[61,49541,83],{"class":75},[61,49543,942],{"class":75},[61,49545,1208],{"class":109},[61,49547,83],{"class":75},[61,49549,22780],{"class":109},[61,49551,460],{"class":75},[14,49553,139],{},[52,49555,49556],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,49557,49558,49562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49559,49560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49561,1524],{"class":1523},[61,49563,49564],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49565,1529],{"class":1523},[14,49567,49568,49569,49571],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49570,41059],{}," conditions.",[14,49573,8528],{},[52,49575,49577],{"className":54,"code":49576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49578,49579,49587,49591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49580,49581,49583,49585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49582,1766],{"class":67},[61,49584,72],{"class":71},[61,49586,49499],{"class":79},[61,49588,49589],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49590,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49592,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49594,127],{"class":126},[61,49596,113],{"class":75},[61,49598,648],{"class":109},[61,49600,113],{"class":75},[61,49602,1783],{"class":116},[61,49604,3893],{"class":75},[61,49606,6636],{"class":71},[61,49608,45500],{"class":109},[61,49610,48459],{"class":1490},[61,49612,49613],{"class":109}," type",[61,49615,113],{"class":75},[61,49617,1783],{"class":116},[61,49619,3893],{"class":75},[61,49621,6636],{"class":71},[61,49623,40477],{"class":109},[61,49625,120],{"class":75},[14,49627,49628],{},"you can write this:",[52,49630,49632],{"className":54,"code":49631,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49633,49634,49642,49646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49635,49636,49638,49640],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49637,1766],{"class":67},[61,49639,72],{"class":71},[61,49641,49499],{"class":79},[61,49643,49644],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49645,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49647,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49649,127],{"class":126},[61,49651,113],{"class":75},[61,49653,49099],{"class":126},[61,49655,113],{"class":75},[61,49657,1783],{"class":116},[61,49659,83],{"class":75},[61,49661,942],{"class":75},[61,49663,1203],{"class":109},[61,49665,83],{"class":75},[61,49667,40477],{"class":109},[61,49669,460],{"class":75},[14,49671,49672],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[47,49674,49676,10806,49678],{"id":49675},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49677,45029],{},[18,49679,2547],{},[14,49681,10811,49682,4621,49684,49688],{},[18,49683,45029],{},[334,49685,49686],{"href":2544},[18,49687,2547],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[819,49690,49692],{"id":49691},"typevalue-int",[18,49693,49694],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49696,49697],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[52,49699,49701],{"className":54,"code":49700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49702,49703,49711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49704,49705,49707,49709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49706,1766],{"class":67},[61,49708,72],{"class":71},[61,49710,2828],{"class":79},[61,49712,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49714,127],{"class":126},[61,49716,113],{"class":75},[61,49718,648],{"class":109},[61,49720,113],{"class":75},[61,49722,1783],{"class":116},[61,49724,3893],{"class":75},[61,49726,6636],{"class":71},[61,49728,45500],{"class":109},[61,49730,120],{"class":75},[819,49732,49734],{"id":49733},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49735,49736],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49738,49739],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[52,49741,49743],{"className":54,"code":49742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49744,49745,49753],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49746,49747,49749,49751],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49748,1766],{"class":67},[61,49750,72],{"class":71},[61,49752,2828],{"class":79},[61,49754,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49756,127],{"class":126},[61,49758,113],{"class":75},[61,49760,49099],{"class":126},[61,49762,113],{"class":75},[61,49764,1783],{"class":116},[61,49766,83],{"class":75},[61,49768,45500],{"class":109},[61,49770,480],{"class":75},[14,49772,49773,49774,49776],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49775,45029],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49778,49779],{},"In everyday code:",[34,49781,49782,49787],{},[37,49783,40212,49784,49786],{},[18,49785,2547],{}," when you need the exact type",[37,49788,40212,49789,49791],{},[18,49790,45029],{}," when you want a practical type check",[47,49793,49795],{"id":49794},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49797,49798,49799,26],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49800,45029],{},[819,49802,49804],{"id":49803},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[52,49806,49808],{"className":54,"code":49807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49809,49810,49828,49847,49859,49864,49882,49893,49897,49909,49913,49937],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49811,49812,49814,49817,49819,49821,49823,49826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49813,35072],{"class":675},[61,49815,49816],{"class":35075}," repeat_text",[61,49818,113],{"class":75},[61,49820,1056],{"class":37884},[61,49822,83],{"class":75},[61,49824,49825],{"class":37884}," count",[61,49827,8572],{"class":75},[61,49829,49830,49832,49834,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49831,6626],{"class":1490},[61,49833,8329],{"class":71},[61,49835,49836],{"class":126}," isinstance",[61,49838,113],{"class":75},[61,49840,1056],{"class":116},[61,49842,83],{"class":75},[61,49844,49128],{"class":109},[61,49846,8572],{"class":75},[61,49848,49849,49852,49854,49857],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,49850,49851],{"class":1490},"        return",[61,49853,226],{"class":214},[61,49855,49856],{"class":218},"text must be a string",[61,49858,1043],{"class":214},[61,49860,49861],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,49862,49863],{"class":67},"    \n",[61,49865,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,49867,6626],{"class":1490},[61,49869,8329],{"class":71},[61,49871,49836],{"class":126},[61,49873,113],{"class":75},[61,49875,41482],{"class":116},[61,49877,83],{"class":75},[61,49879,45500],{"class":109},[61,49881,8572],{"class":75},[61,49883,49884,49886,49888,49891],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,49885,49851],{"class":1490},[61,49887,226],{"class":214},[61,49889,49890],{"class":218},"count must be an integer",[61,49892,1043],{"class":214},[61,49894,49895],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,49896,49863],{"class":67},[61,49898,49899,49901,49904,49906],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,49900,35083],{"class":1490},[61,49902,49903],{"class":67}," text ",[61,49905,40094],{"class":71},[61,49907,49908],{"class":67}," count\n",[61,49910,49911],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,49912,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,49914,49915,49917,49919,49922,49924,49926,49929,49931,49933,49935],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,49916,127],{"class":126},[61,49918,113],{"class":75},[61,49920,49921],{"class":116},"repeat_text",[61,49923,113],{"class":75},[61,49925,215],{"class":214},[61,49927,49928],{"class":218},"Hi ",[61,49930,215],{"class":214},[61,49932,83],{"class":75},[61,49934,95],{"class":79},[61,49936,480],{"class":75},[61,49938,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961],{"class":63,"line":11816},[61,49940,127],{"class":126},[61,49942,113],{"class":75},[61,49944,49921],{"class":116},[61,49946,113],{"class":75},[61,49948,215],{"class":214},[61,49950,49928],{"class":218},[61,49952,215],{"class":214},[61,49954,83],{"class":75},[61,49956,226],{"class":214},[61,49958,1321],{"class":218},[61,49960,215],{"class":214},[61,49962,480],{"class":75},[14,49964,139],{},[52,49966,49968],{"className":54,"code":49967,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49969,49970,49975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49971,49972],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49973,49974],{"class":67},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[61,49976,49977],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,49978,49979],{"class":67},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49981,49982],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[819,49984,49986],{"id":49985},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[52,49988,49990],{"className":54,"code":49989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49991,49992,50024,50028,50044,50059,50076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,49993,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,49995,1766],{"class":67},[61,49997,72],{"class":71},[61,49999,76],{"class":75},[61,50001,215],{"class":214},[61,50003,334],{"class":218},[61,50005,215],{"class":214},[61,50007,83],{"class":75},[61,50009,226],{"class":214},[61,50011,765],{"class":218},[61,50013,215],{"class":214},[61,50015,83],{"class":75},[61,50017,226],{"class":214},[61,50019,9961],{"class":218},[61,50021,215],{"class":214},[61,50023,98],{"class":75},[61,50025,50026],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50027,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50029,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50031,7227],{"class":1490},[61,50033,49836],{"class":126},[61,50035,113],{"class":75},[61,50037,1783],{"class":116},[61,50039,83],{"class":75},[61,50041,49128],{"class":109},[61,50043,8572],{"class":75},[61,50045,50046,50048,50050,50052,50055,50057],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50047,8299],{"class":126},[61,50049,113],{"class":75},[61,50051,215],{"class":214},[61,50053,50054],{"class":218},"This is text",[61,50056,215],{"class":214},[61,50058,120],{"class":75},[61,50060,50061,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,50062,50063],{"class":1490},"elif",[61,50065,49836],{"class":126},[61,50067,113],{"class":75},[61,50069,1783],{"class":116},[61,50071,83],{"class":75},[61,50073,22780],{"class":109},[61,50075,8572],{"class":75},[61,50077,50078,50080,50082,50084,50087,50089],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,50079,8299],{"class":126},[61,50081,113],{"class":75},[61,50083,215],{"class":214},[61,50085,50086],{"class":218},"This is a list",[61,50088,215],{"class":214},[61,50090,120],{"class":75},[14,50092,139],{},[52,50094,50096],{"className":54,"code":50095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a list\n",[18,50097,50098],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50099,50100,50103,50105,50107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50101,50102],{"class":67},"This ",[61,50104,12416],{"class":71},[61,50106,44768],{"class":67},[61,50108,50109],{"class":109},"list\n",[819,50111,50113],{"id":50112},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[52,50115,50117],{"className":54,"code":50116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,50118,50119,50131,50135,50151,50165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50120,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50122,1766],{"class":67},[61,50124,72],{"class":71},[61,50126,226],{"class":214},[61,50128,46750],{"class":218},[61,50130,1043],{"class":214},[61,50132,50133],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50134,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50136,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50138,7227],{"class":1490},[61,50140,49836],{"class":126},[61,50142,113],{"class":75},[61,50144,1783],{"class":116},[61,50146,83],{"class":75},[61,50148,49128],{"class":109},[61,50150,8572],{"class":75},[61,50152,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50154,42113],{"class":67},[61,50156,72],{"class":71},[61,50158,45500],{"class":109},[61,50160,113],{"class":75},[61,50162,1783],{"class":116},[61,50164,120],{"class":75},[61,50166,50167,50169,50171,50173],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,50168,8299],{"class":126},[61,50170,113],{"class":75},[61,50172,2486],{"class":116},[61,50174,120],{"class":75},[14,50176,139],{},[52,50178,50179],{"className":54,"code":46835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,50180,50181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50182,50183],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50184,46835],{"class":79},[14,50186,50187],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[819,50189,50191],{"id":50190},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[52,50193,50195],{"className":54,"code":50194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50196,50197,50221,50225,50241],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50198,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50200,1766],{"class":67},[61,50202,72],{"class":71},[61,50204,1235],{"class":75},[61,50206,215],{"class":214},[61,50208,7899],{"class":218},[61,50210,215],{"class":214},[61,50212,378],{"class":75},[61,50214,226],{"class":214},[61,50216,13104],{"class":218},[61,50218,215],{"class":214},[61,50220,162],{"class":75},[61,50222,50223],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50224,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50226,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50228,7227],{"class":1490},[61,50230,49836],{"class":126},[61,50232,113],{"class":75},[61,50234,1783],{"class":116},[61,50236,83],{"class":75},[61,50238,9395],{"class":109},[61,50240,8572],{"class":75},[61,50242,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50244,8299],{"class":126},[61,50246,113],{"class":75},[61,50248,1783],{"class":116},[61,50250,4129],{"class":75},[61,50252,215],{"class":214},[61,50254,7899],{"class":218},[61,50256,215],{"class":214},[61,50258,1474],{"class":75},[14,50260,139],{},[52,50262,50264],{"className":54,"code":50263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n",[18,50265,50266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50267,50268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50269,50263],{"class":67},[14,50271,50272,50273,50275],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50274,1334],{}," messages later.",[47,50277,4747],{"id":4746},[819,50279,50281,50282,11313,50285],{"id":50280},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50283,50284],{},"\"int\"",[18,50286,1203],{},[14,50288,16864],{},[52,50290,50292],{"className":54,"code":50291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50293,50294,50302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50295,50296,50298,50300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50297,1766],{"class":67},[61,50299,72],{"class":71},[61,50301,2828],{"class":79},[61,50303,50304,50306,50308,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50305,127],{"class":126},[61,50307,113],{"class":75},[61,50309,49099],{"class":126},[61,50311,113],{"class":75},[61,50313,1783],{"class":116},[61,50315,83],{"class":75},[61,50317,226],{"class":214},[61,50319,1203],{"class":218},[61,50321,215],{"class":214},[61,50323,480],{"class":75},[14,50325,50326,50328],{},[18,50327,50284],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50330,16876],{},[52,50332,50333],{"className":54,"code":49742,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,50334,50335,50343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50336,50337,50339,50341],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50338,1766],{"class":67},[61,50340,72],{"class":71},[61,50342,2828],{"class":79},[61,50344,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50346,127],{"class":126},[61,50348,113],{"class":75},[61,50350,49099],{"class":126},[61,50352,113],{"class":75},[61,50354,1783],{"class":116},[61,50356,83],{"class":75},[61,50358,45500],{"class":109},[61,50360,480],{"class":75},[819,50362,50364],{"id":50363},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50366,16864],{},[52,50368,50370],{"className":54,"code":50369,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50371,50372,50380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50373,50374,50376,50378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50375,1766],{"class":67},[61,50377,72],{"class":71},[61,50379,35063],{"class":79},[61,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396,50398,50400,50402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50383,127],{"class":126},[61,50385,113],{"class":75},[61,50387,49099],{"class":126},[61,50389,113],{"class":75},[61,50391,1783],{"class":116},[61,50393,83],{"class":75},[61,50395,76],{"class":75},[61,50397,1203],{"class":109},[61,50399,83],{"class":75},[61,50401,40477],{"class":109},[61,50403,433],{"class":75},[14,50405,50406],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50408,16876],{},[52,50410,50412],{"className":54,"code":50411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50413,50414,50422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50415,50416,50418,50420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50417,1766],{"class":67},[61,50419,72],{"class":71},[61,50421,35063],{"class":79},[61,50423,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50425,127],{"class":126},[61,50427,113],{"class":75},[61,50429,49099],{"class":126},[61,50431,113],{"class":75},[61,50433,1783],{"class":116},[61,50435,83],{"class":75},[61,50437,942],{"class":75},[61,50439,1203],{"class":109},[61,50441,83],{"class":75},[61,50443,40477],{"class":109},[61,50445,460],{"class":75},[819,50447,25995,50449,50451],{"id":50448},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50450,45029],{}," converts a value",[14,50453,19133],{},[52,50455,50457],{"className":54,"code":50456,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50458,50459,50472,50490,50494],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50460,50461,50463,50465,50467,50470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50462,1766],{"class":67},[61,50464,72],{"class":71},[61,50466,226],{"class":214},[61,50468,50469],{"class":218},"123",[61,50471,1043],{"class":214},[61,50473,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50475,869],{"class":67},[61,50477,72],{"class":71},[61,50479,49836],{"class":126},[61,50481,113],{"class":75},[61,50483,1783],{"class":116},[61,50485,83],{"class":75},[61,50487,45500],{"class":109},[61,50489,120],{"class":75},[61,50491,50492],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50493,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50495,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50497,127],{"class":126},[61,50499,113],{"class":75},[61,50501,892],{"class":116},[61,50503,120],{"class":75},[14,50505,139],{},[52,50507,50508],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,50509,50510],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50511,50512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50513,1529],{"class":1523},[14,50515,50516,50517,50520,50521,50523],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50518,50519],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50522,50469],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50525,50526,50527,6860],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50528,50529],{},"int(value)",[819,50531,50533],{"id":50532},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50535,50536,50538],{},[18,50537,45029],{}," does not modify anything.",[52,50540,50542],{"className":54,"code":50541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50543,50544,50556,50560,50578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50545,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50547,1766],{"class":67},[61,50549,72],{"class":71},[61,50551,226],{"class":214},[61,50553,13780],{"class":218},[61,50555,1043],{"class":214},[61,50557,50558],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50559,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50561,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50563,127],{"class":126},[61,50565,113],{"class":75},[61,50567,49099],{"class":126},[61,50569,113],{"class":75},[61,50571,1783],{"class":116},[61,50573,83],{"class":75},[61,50575,49128],{"class":109},[61,50577,480],{"class":75},[61,50579,50580,50582,50584,50586],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50581,127],{"class":126},[61,50583,113],{"class":75},[61,50585,1783],{"class":116},[61,50587,120],{"class":75},[14,50589,139],{},[52,50591,50593],{"className":54,"code":50592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n100\n",[18,50594,50595,50599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50596,50597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50598,1524],{"class":1523},[61,50600,50601],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50602,47486],{"class":79},[14,50604,50605],{},"The value stays the same.",[47,50607,26163],{"id":26162},[14,50609,50610],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[52,50612,50614],{"className":54,"code":50613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50615,50616,50630,50648,50672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50617,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50619,127],{"class":126},[61,50621,113],{"class":75},[61,50623,648],{"class":109},[61,50625,113],{"class":75},[61,50627,1783],{"class":116},[61,50629,480],{"class":75},[61,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50633,127],{"class":126},[61,50635,113],{"class":75},[61,50637,49099],{"class":126},[61,50639,113],{"class":75},[61,50641,1783],{"class":116},[61,50643,83],{"class":75},[61,50645,45500],{"class":109},[61,50647,480],{"class":75},[61,50649,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50651,127],{"class":126},[61,50653,113],{"class":75},[61,50655,49099],{"class":126},[61,50657,113],{"class":75},[61,50659,1783],{"class":116},[61,50661,83],{"class":75},[61,50663,942],{"class":75},[61,50665,1203],{"class":109},[61,50667,83],{"class":75},[61,50669,40477],{"class":109},[61,50671,460],{"class":75},[61,50673,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50675,127],{"class":126},[61,50677,113],{"class":75},[61,50679,42002],{"class":126},[61,50681,113],{"class":75},[61,50683,1783],{"class":116},[61,50685,480],{"class":75},[14,50687,50688],{},"These can help when:",[34,50690,50691,50694,50699,50702],{},[37,50692,50693],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[37,50695,50696,50697],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50698,1334],{},[37,50700,50701],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[37,50703,50704,50705,50707],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50706,45029],{}," is invalid",[14,50709,50710],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[34,50712,50713,50727,50733,50738],{},[37,50714,50715,50716,1881,50719,50722,50723,1881,50725],{},"using ",[18,50717,50718],{},"'int'",[18,50720,50721],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50724,1203],{},[18,50726,1208],{},[37,50728,50729,50730,50732],{},"expecting ",[18,50731,45029],{}," to convert a value",[37,50734,50715,50735,50737],{},[18,50736,2547],{}," when inherited types should also match",[37,50739,50740],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50742,50743,50744,26],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[334,50745,50747,50748],{"href":50746},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50749,50750],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[47,50752,1987],{"id":1986},[819,50754,5371,50756,5374],{"id":50755},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50757,45029],{},[14,50759,5377,50760,50762,50763,26],{},[18,50761,3837],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50764,3907],{},[819,50766,5398,50768,50770],{"id":50767},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50769,45029],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50772,50773,50774,26],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50775,50776],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[819,50778,5408,50780,4621,50782,2735],{"id":50779},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50781,45029],{},[18,50783,2547],{},[14,50785,50786,50788,50789,50791],{},[18,50787,2547],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50790,45029],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[819,50793,12927,50795,50797],{"id":50794},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50796,45029],{}," convert a value?",[14,50799,50800],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[47,50802,2144],{"id":2143},[34,50804,50805,50811,50815,50820,50825],{},[37,50806,50807],{},[334,50808,3808,50809,3741],{"href":2544},[18,50810,2547],{},[37,50812,50813],{},[334,50814,45021],{"href":49201},[37,50816,50817],{},[334,50818,50819],{"href":3201},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[37,50821,50822],{},[334,50823,50824],{"href":49204},"What is a data type in Python?",[37,50826,50827],{},[334,50828,50747,50829],{"href":50746},[18,50830,50750],{},[2169,50832,50833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":50835},[50836,50837,50839,50842,50846,50847,50852,50858,50866,50867,50877],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":49141,"depth":101,"text":50838},"What isinstance() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":50840},[50841],{"id":49232,"depth":123,"text":49233},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696,"children":50843},[50844,50845],{"id":49320,"depth":123,"text":49321},{"id":49391,"depth":123,"text":49392},{"id":49478,"depth":101,"text":49479},{"id":49675,"depth":101,"text":50848,"children":50849},"isinstance() vs type()",[50850,50851],{"id":49691,"depth":123,"text":49694},{"id":49733,"depth":123,"text":49736},{"id":49794,"depth":101,"text":49795,"children":50853},[50854,50855,50856,50857],{"id":49803,"depth":123,"text":49804},{"id":49985,"depth":123,"text":49986},{"id":50112,"depth":123,"text":50113},{"id":50190,"depth":123,"text":50191},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":50859},[50860,50862,50863,50865],{"id":50280,"depth":123,"text":50861},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50363,"depth":123,"text":50364},{"id":50448,"depth":123,"text":50864},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50532,"depth":123,"text":50533},{"id":26162,"depth":101,"text":26163},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":50868},[50869,50871,50873,50875],{"id":50755,"depth":123,"text":50870},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50767,"depth":123,"text":50872},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50779,"depth":123,"text":50874},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50794,"depth":123,"text":50876},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49042,"description":50878},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50884,"title":50885,"body":50886,"description":52858,"extension":2216,"meta":52859,"navigation":271,"path":52860,"seo":52861,"stem":52862,"__hash__":52863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50887,"toc":52833},[50888,50891,50896,50901,50915,50918,50920,50995,51000,51004,51009,51012,51026,51028,51194,51207,51209,51211,51226,51229,51232,51245,51247,51345,51349,51354,51357,51366,51368,51403,51408,51429,51434,51439,51471,51474,51531,51535,51541,51544,51597,51599,51639,51642,51710,51713,51764,51771,51775,51781,51866,51872,51878,51927,51930,51933,51983,51985,51990,51994,52044,52048,52095,52099,52176,52180,52245,52248,52252,52257,52262,52274,52276,52295,52301,52304,52323,52328,52355,52362,52366,52372,52375,52470,52473,52476,52525,52530,52532,52536,52571,52574,52631,52641,52644,52678,52681,52683,52687,52690,52694,52697,52701,52704,52708,52721,52725,52730,52732,52782,52794,52796,52830],[10,50889,50885],{"id":50890},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50892,16,50893,50895],{},[18,50894,42584],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50897,29,50898,50900],{},[18,50899,42584],{}," to count:",[34,50902,50903,50906,50909,50912],{},[37,50904,50905],{},"characters in a string",[37,50907,50908],{},"items in a list or tuple",[37,50910,50911],{},"keys in a dictionary",[37,50913,50914],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50916,50917],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[47,50919,50],{"id":49},[52,50921,50923],{"className":54,"code":50922,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50924,50925,50937,50957,50961,50978],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,50926,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,50928,1033],{"class":67},[61,50930,72],{"class":71},[61,50932,226],{"class":214},[61,50934,475],{"class":218},[61,50936,1043],{"class":214},[61,50938,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,50940,1230],{"class":67},[61,50942,72],{"class":71},[61,50944,76],{"class":75},[61,50946,447],{"class":79},[61,50948,83],{"class":75},[61,50950,452],{"class":79},[61,50952,83],{"class":75},[61,50954,8025],{"class":79},[61,50956,98],{"class":75},[61,50958,50959],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,50960,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,50962,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,50964,127],{"class":126},[61,50966,113],{"class":75},[61,50968,1948],{"class":126},[61,50970,113],{"class":75},[61,50972,1056],{"class":116},[61,50974,5590],{"class":75},[61,50976,50977],{"class":3896},"   # 5\n",[61,50979,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,50981,127],{"class":126},[61,50983,113],{"class":75},[61,50985,1948],{"class":126},[61,50987,113],{"class":75},[61,50989,1267],{"class":116},[61,50991,5590],{"class":75},[61,50993,50994],{"class":3896},"  # 3\n",[14,50996,165,50997,50999],{},[18,50998,42584],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[47,51001,51003],{"id":51002},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,51005,51006,51008],{},[18,51007,42584],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,51010,51011],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[34,51013,51014,51017,51020,51023],{},[37,51015,51016],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[37,51018,51019],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[37,51021,51022],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[37,51024,51025],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,51027,197],{},[52,51029,51031],{"className":54,"code":51030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,51032,51033,51045,51070,51102,51122,51126,51143,51160,51177],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51036,8106],{"class":67},[61,51038,72],{"class":71},[61,51040,226],{"class":214},[61,51042,7908],{"class":218},[61,51044,1043],{"class":214},[61,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51068],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51048,68],{"class":67},[61,51050,72],{"class":71},[61,51052,76],{"class":75},[61,51054,447],{"class":79},[61,51056,83],{"class":75},[61,51058,452],{"class":79},[61,51060,83],{"class":75},[61,51062,8025],{"class":79},[61,51064,83],{"class":75},[61,51066,51067],{"class":79}," 40",[61,51069,98],{"class":75},[61,51071,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51073,9390],{"class":67},[61,51075,72],{"class":71},[61,51077,1235],{"class":75},[61,51079,215],{"class":214},[61,51081,334],{"class":218},[61,51083,215],{"class":214},[61,51085,378],{"class":75},[61,51087,587],{"class":79},[61,51089,83],{"class":75},[61,51091,226],{"class":214},[61,51093,765],{"class":218},[61,51095,215],{"class":214},[61,51097,378],{"class":75},[61,51099,86],{"class":79},[61,51101,162],{"class":75},[61,51103,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51105,937],{"class":67},[61,51107,72],{"class":71},[61,51109,1235],{"class":75},[61,51111,945],{"class":79},[61,51113,83],{"class":75},[61,51115,37865],{"class":79},[61,51117,83],{"class":75},[61,51119,6222],{"class":79},[61,51121,162],{"class":75},[61,51123,51124],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,51125,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,51127,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,51129,127],{"class":126},[61,51131,113],{"class":75},[61,51133,1948],{"class":126},[61,51135,113],{"class":75},[61,51137,7899],{"class":116},[61,51139,5590],{"class":75},[61,51141,51142],{"class":3896},"     # 3\n",[61,51144,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,51146,127],{"class":126},[61,51148,113],{"class":75},[61,51150,1948],{"class":126},[61,51152,113],{"class":75},[61,51154,117],{"class":116},[61,51156,5590],{"class":75},[61,51158,51159],{"class":3896},"  # 4\n",[61,51161,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,51163,127],{"class":126},[61,51165,113],{"class":75},[61,51167,1948],{"class":126},[61,51169,113],{"class":75},[61,51171,9429],{"class":116},[61,51173,5590],{"class":75},[61,51175,51176],{"class":3896},"     # 2\n",[61,51178,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,51180,127],{"class":126},[61,51182,113],{"class":75},[61,51184,1948],{"class":126},[61,51186,113],{"class":75},[61,51188,974],{"class":116},[61,51190,5590],{"class":75},[61,51192,51193],{"class":3896},"   # 3\n",[14,51195,51196,51197,2437,51201,17293,51205,26],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[334,51198,51200],{"href":51199},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[334,51202,51204],{"href":51203},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[334,51206,9380],{"href":9379},[47,51208,341],{"id":340},[14,51210,344],{},[52,51212,51214],{"className":54,"code":51213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(object)\n",[18,51215,51216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51217,51218,51220,51222,51224],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51219,1948],{"class":126},[61,51221,113],{"class":75},[61,51223,42622],{"class":109},[61,51225,120],{"class":75},[14,51227,51228],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51230,51231],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[34,51233,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242],{},[37,51235,38129],{},[37,51237,38123],{},[37,51239,38126],{},[37,51241,38132],{},[37,51243,51244],{},"a dictionary",[14,51246,197],{},[52,51248,51250],{"className":54,"code":51249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51251,51252,51273,51297,51319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51253,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51255,127],{"class":126},[61,51257,113],{"class":75},[61,51259,1948],{"class":126},[61,51261,113],{"class":75},[61,51263,215],{"class":214},[61,51265,56],{"class":218},[61,51267,215],{"class":214},[61,51269,5590],{"class":75},[61,51271,51272],{"class":3896},"      # 6\n",[61,51274,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51276,127],{"class":126},[61,51278,113],{"class":75},[61,51280,1948],{"class":126},[61,51282,416],{"class":75},[61,51284,80],{"class":79},[61,51286,83],{"class":75},[61,51288,86],{"class":79},[61,51290,83],{"class":75},[61,51292,95],{"class":79},[61,51294,4963],{"class":75},[61,51296,51142],{"class":3896},[61,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51316],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51300,127],{"class":126},[61,51302,113],{"class":75},[61,51304,1948],{"class":126},[61,51306,444],{"class":75},[61,51308,447],{"class":79},[61,51310,83],{"class":75},[61,51312,452],{"class":79},[61,51314,51315],{"class":75},")))",[61,51317,51318],{"class":3896},"      # 2\n",[61,51320,51321,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51342],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51322,127],{"class":126},[61,51324,113],{"class":75},[61,51326,1948],{"class":126},[61,51328,5757],{"class":75},[61,51330,215],{"class":214},[61,51332,2422],{"class":218},[61,51334,215],{"class":214},[61,51336,378],{"class":75},[61,51338,587],{"class":79},[61,51340,51341],{"class":75},"}))",[61,51343,51344],{"class":3896},"      # 1\n",[47,51346,51348],{"id":51347},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51350,1020,51351,51353],{},[18,51352,42584],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51355,51356],{},"That includes:",[34,51358,51359,51361,51363],{},[37,51360,36365],{},[37,51362,10673],{},[37,51364,51365],{},"punctuation",[14,51367,197],{},[52,51369,51371],{"className":54,"code":51370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51372,51373,51386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51374,51375,51377,51379,51381,51384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51376,1033],{"class":67},[61,51378,72],{"class":71},[61,51380,226],{"class":214},[61,51382,51383],{"class":218},"Hi there!",[61,51385,1043],{"class":214},[61,51387,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51389,127],{"class":126},[61,51391,113],{"class":75},[61,51393,1948],{"class":126},[61,51395,113],{"class":75},[61,51397,1056],{"class":116},[61,51399,5590],{"class":75},[61,51401,51402],{"class":3896},"  # 9\n",[14,51404,51405,51406,2735],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51407,2394],{},[34,51409,51410,51416,51420,51423],{},[37,51411,51412,51415],{},[18,51413,51414],{},"H"," = 1",[37,51417,51418,51415],{},[18,51419,36376],{},[37,51421,51422],{},"space = 1",[37,51424,51425,51428],{},[18,51426,51427],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51430,51431,51432],{},"Total: ",[18,51433,2394],{},[14,51435,51436,51437,378],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51438,582],{},[52,51440,51442],{"className":54,"code":51441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51443,51444,51453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51445,51446,51449,51451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51447,51448],{"class":67},"empty_text ",[61,51450,72],{"class":71},[61,51452,8111],{"class":214},[61,51454,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51466,51468],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51456,127],{"class":126},[61,51458,113],{"class":75},[61,51460,1948],{"class":126},[61,51462,113],{"class":75},[61,51464,51465],{"class":116},"empty_text",[61,51467,5590],{"class":75},[61,51469,51470],{"class":3896},"  # 0\n",[14,51472,51473],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[52,51475,51477],{"className":54,"code":51476,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51478,51479,51492,51496,51516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51480,51481,51484,51486,51488,51490],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51482,51483],{"class":67},"user_name ",[61,51485,72],{"class":71},[61,51487,226],{"class":214},[61,51489,5232],{"class":218},[61,51491,1043],{"class":214},[61,51493,51494],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51495,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,51497,51498,51500,51502,51504,51507,51509,51512,51514],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51499,7227],{"class":1490},[61,51501,38607],{"class":126},[61,51503,113],{"class":75},[61,51505,51506],{"class":116},"user_name",[61,51508,3893],{"class":75},[61,51510,51511],{"class":71}," >=",[61,51513,95],{"class":79},[61,51515,6621],{"class":75},[61,51517,51518,51520,51522,51524,51527,51529],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51519,8299],{"class":126},[61,51521,113],{"class":75},[61,51523,215],{"class":214},[61,51525,51526],{"class":218},"Name is long enough",[61,51528,215],{"class":214},[61,51530,120],{"class":75},[47,51532,51534],{"id":51533},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51536,51537,51538,51540],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51539,42584],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51542,51543],{},"Example with a list:",[52,51545,51547],{"className":54,"code":51546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51548,51549,51581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51550,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51552,207],{"class":67},[61,51554,72],{"class":71},[61,51556,76],{"class":75},[61,51558,215],{"class":214},[61,51560,219],{"class":218},[61,51562,215],{"class":214},[61,51564,83],{"class":75},[61,51566,226],{"class":214},[61,51568,246],{"class":218},[61,51570,215],{"class":214},[61,51572,83],{"class":75},[61,51574,226],{"class":214},[61,51576,229],{"class":218},[61,51578,215],{"class":214},[61,51580,98],{"class":75},[61,51582,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51584,127],{"class":126},[61,51586,113],{"class":75},[61,51588,1948],{"class":126},[61,51590,113],{"class":75},[61,51592,264],{"class":116},[61,51594,5590],{"class":75},[61,51596,50994],{"class":3896},[14,51598,38138],{},[52,51600,51602],{"className":54,"code":51601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51603,51604,51621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51605,51606,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51607,51608],{"class":67},"point ",[61,51610,72],{"class":71},[61,51612,942],{"class":75},[61,51614,447],{"class":79},[61,51616,83],{"class":75},[61,51618,452],{"class":79},[61,51620,120],{"class":75},[61,51622,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631,51634,51636],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51624,127],{"class":126},[61,51626,113],{"class":75},[61,51628,1948],{"class":126},[61,51630,113],{"class":75},[61,51632,51633],{"class":116},"point",[61,51635,5590],{"class":75},[61,51637,51638],{"class":3896},"  # 2\n",[14,51640,51641],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[52,51643,51645],{"className":54,"code":51644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51646,51647,51671,51675,51693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51650,1230],{"class":67},[61,51652,72],{"class":71},[61,51654,76],{"class":75},[61,51656,215],{"class":214},[61,51658,2042],{"class":218},[61,51660,215],{"class":214},[61,51662,83],{"class":75},[61,51664,226],{"class":214},[61,51666,1040],{"class":218},[61,51668,215],{"class":214},[61,51670,98],{"class":75},[61,51672,51673],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51674,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,51676,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51678,7227],{"class":1490},[61,51680,38607],{"class":126},[61,51682,113],{"class":75},[61,51684,1267],{"class":116},[61,51686,3893],{"class":75},[61,51688,38617],{"class":71},[61,51690,587],{"class":79},[61,51692,6621],{"class":75},[61,51694,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705,51707],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51696,8299],{"class":126},[61,51698,113],{"class":75},[61,51700,1267],{"class":116},[61,51702,4129],{"class":75},[61,51704,80],{"class":79},[61,51706,20666],{"class":75},[61,51708,51709],{"class":3896},"  # banana\n",[14,51711,51712],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[52,51714,51716],{"className":54,"code":51715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51717,51718,51741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51719,51720,51722,51724,51726,51729,51731,51734,51736,51739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51721,5292],{"class":67},[61,51723,72],{"class":71},[61,51725,76],{"class":75},[61,51727,51728],{"class":79},"88",[61,51730,83],{"class":75},[61,51732,51733],{"class":79}," 91",[61,51735,83],{"class":75},[61,51737,51738],{"class":79}," 75",[61,51740,98],{"class":75},[61,51742,51743,51745,51747,51749,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51744,127],{"class":126},[61,51746,113],{"class":75},[61,51748,215],{"class":214},[61,51750,51751],{"class":218},"Number of scores:",[61,51753,215],{"class":214},[61,51755,83],{"class":75},[61,51757,38607],{"class":126},[61,51759,113],{"class":75},[61,51761,16609],{"class":116},[61,51763,480],{"class":75},[14,51765,51766,51767,26],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[334,51768,51770],{"href":51769},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[47,51772,51774],{"id":51773},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51776,51777,51778,51780],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51779,42584],{}," counts keys.",[52,51782,51784],{"className":54,"code":51783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51785,51786,51794,51812,51826,51842,51846,51850],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51787,51788,51790,51792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51789,13087],{"class":67},[61,51791,72],{"class":71},[61,51793,11714],{"class":75},[61,51795,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51797,11719],{"class":214},[61,51799,7899],{"class":218},[61,51801,215],{"class":214},[61,51803,378],{"class":75},[61,51805,226],{"class":214},[61,51807,8151],{"class":218},[61,51809,215],{"class":214},[61,51811,11735],{"class":75},[61,51813,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51815,11719],{"class":214},[61,51817,9521],{"class":218},[61,51819,215],{"class":214},[61,51821,378],{"class":75},[61,51823,31163],{"class":79},[61,51825,11735],{"class":75},[61,51827,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51829,11719],{"class":214},[61,51831,20111],{"class":218},[61,51833,215],{"class":214},[61,51835,378],{"class":75},[61,51837,226],{"class":214},[61,51839,22465],{"class":218},[61,51841,1043],{"class":214},[61,51843,51844],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,51845,162],{"class":75},[61,51847,51848],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,51849,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,51851,51852,51854,51856,51858,51860,51862,51864],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,51853,127],{"class":126},[61,51855,113],{"class":75},[61,51857,1948],{"class":126},[61,51859,113],{"class":75},[61,51861,13848],{"class":116},[61,51863,5590],{"class":75},[61,51865,50994],{"class":3896},[14,51867,51868,51869,51871],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51870,42584],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51873,51874,51875,51877],{},"For sets, ",[18,51876,42584],{}," counts unique items:",[52,51879,51881],{"className":54,"code":51880,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51882,51883,51911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51884,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51886,68],{"class":67},[61,51888,72],{"class":71},[61,51890,1235],{"class":75},[61,51892,80],{"class":79},[61,51894,83],{"class":75},[61,51896,86],{"class":79},[61,51898,83],{"class":75},[61,51900,95],{"class":79},[61,51902,83],{"class":75},[61,51904,95],{"class":79},[61,51906,83],{"class":75},[61,51908,86],{"class":79},[61,51910,162],{"class":75},[61,51912,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51925],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51914,127],{"class":126},[61,51916,113],{"class":75},[61,51918,1948],{"class":126},[61,51920,113],{"class":75},[61,51922,117],{"class":116},[61,51924,5590],{"class":75},[61,51926,50994],{"class":3896},[14,51928,51929],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51931,51932],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[52,51934,51936],{"className":54,"code":51935,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51937,51938,51946,51950,51968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,51939,51940,51942,51944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,51941,9390],{"class":67},[61,51943,72],{"class":71},[61,51945,733],{"class":75},[61,51947,51948],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,51949,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,51951,51952,51954,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,51953,7227],{"class":1490},[61,51955,38607],{"class":126},[61,51957,113],{"class":75},[61,51959,9429],{"class":116},[61,51961,3893],{"class":75},[61,51963,6636],{"class":71},[61,51965,4065],{"class":79},[61,51967,6621],{"class":75},[61,51969,51970,51972,51974,51976,51979,51981],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,51971,8299],{"class":126},[61,51973,113],{"class":75},[61,51975,215],{"class":214},[61,51977,51978],{"class":218},"The dictionary is empty",[61,51980,215],{"class":214},[61,51982,120],{"class":75},[47,51984,41268],{"id":41267},[14,51986,51987,51988,26],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51989,42584],{},[819,51991,51993],{"id":51992},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[52,51995,51997],{"className":54,"code":51996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51998,51999,52007,52011,52029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52000,52001,52003,52005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52002,1230],{"class":67},[61,52004,72],{"class":71},[61,52006,8068],{"class":75},[61,52008,52009],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52010,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,52012,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52014,7227],{"class":1490},[61,52016,38607],{"class":126},[61,52018,113],{"class":75},[61,52020,1267],{"class":116},[61,52022,3893],{"class":75},[61,52024,6636],{"class":71},[61,52026,4065],{"class":79},[61,52028,6621],{"class":75},[61,52030,52031,52033,52035,52037,52040,52042],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52032,8299],{"class":126},[61,52034,113],{"class":75},[61,52036,215],{"class":214},[61,52038,52039],{"class":218},"The list is empty",[61,52041,215],{"class":214},[61,52043,120],{"class":75},[819,52045,52047],{"id":52046},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[52,52049,52051],{"className":54,"code":52050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,52052,52053,52072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52054,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52068,52070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52056,6382],{"class":67},[61,52058,72],{"class":71},[61,52060,8472],{"class":126},[61,52062,113],{"class":75},[61,52064,215],{"class":214},[61,52066,52067],{"class":218},"Enter a word: ",[61,52069,215],{"class":214},[61,52071,120],{"class":75},[61,52073,52074,52076,52078,52080,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091,52093],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52075,127],{"class":126},[61,52077,113],{"class":75},[61,52079,215],{"class":214},[61,52081,52082],{"class":218},"Number of characters:",[61,52084,215],{"class":214},[61,52086,83],{"class":75},[61,52088,38607],{"class":126},[61,52090,113],{"class":75},[61,52092,38612],{"class":116},[61,52094,480],{"class":75},[819,52096,52098],{"id":52097},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[52,52100,52102],{"className":54,"code":52101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,52103,52104,52118,52122,52140,52155,52161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52105,52106,52109,52111,52113,52116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52107,52108],{"class":67},"password ",[61,52110,72],{"class":71},[61,52112,226],{"class":214},[61,52114,52115],{"class":218},"secret123",[61,52117,1043],{"class":214},[61,52119,52120],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52121,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,52123,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52125,7227],{"class":1490},[61,52127,38607],{"class":126},[61,52129,113],{"class":75},[61,52131,17841],{"class":116},[61,52133,3893],{"class":75},[61,52135,51511],{"class":71},[61,52137,6587],{"class":79},[61,52139,6621],{"class":75},[61,52141,52142,52144,52146,52148,52151,52153],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52143,8299],{"class":126},[61,52145,113],{"class":75},[61,52147,215],{"class":214},[61,52149,52150],{"class":218},"Password length is valid",[61,52152,215],{"class":214},[61,52154,120],{"class":75},[61,52156,52157,52159],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,52158,27655],{"class":1490},[61,52160,6621],{"class":75},[61,52162,52163,52165,52167,52169,52172,52174],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,52164,8299],{"class":126},[61,52166,113],{"class":75},[61,52168,215],{"class":214},[61,52170,52171],{"class":218},"Password is too short",[61,52173,215],{"class":214},[61,52175,120],{"class":75},[819,52177,52179],{"id":52178},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[52,52181,52183],{"className":54,"code":52182,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,52184,52185,52221],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52186,52187,52190,52192,52194,52196,52199,52201,52203,52205,52208,52210,52212,52214,52217,52219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52188,52189],{"class":67},"results ",[61,52191,72],{"class":71},[61,52193,76],{"class":75},[61,52195,215],{"class":214},[61,52197,52198],{"class":218},"item1",[61,52200,215],{"class":214},[61,52202,83],{"class":75},[61,52204,226],{"class":214},[61,52206,52207],{"class":218},"item2",[61,52209,215],{"class":214},[61,52211,83],{"class":75},[61,52213,226],{"class":214},[61,52215,52216],{"class":218},"item3",[61,52218,215],{"class":214},[61,52220,98],{"class":75},[61,52222,52223,52225,52227,52229,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52243],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52224,127],{"class":126},[61,52226,113],{"class":75},[61,52228,215],{"class":214},[61,52230,52231],{"class":218},"Items found:",[61,52233,215],{"class":214},[61,52235,83],{"class":75},[61,52237,38607],{"class":126},[61,52239,113],{"class":75},[61,52241,52242],{"class":116},"results",[61,52244,480],{"class":75},[14,52246,52247],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[47,52249,52251],{"id":52250},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52253,52254,52256],{},[18,52255,42584],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52258,52259,52260,378],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52261,1334],{},[34,52263,52264,52267,52270],{},[37,52265,52266],{},"plain integers",[37,52268,52269],{},"floats",[37,52271,52272],{},[18,52273,4012],{},[14,52275,197],{},[52,52277,52279],{"className":54,"code":52278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52280,52281],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52282,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291,52293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52284,127],{"class":126},[61,52286,113],{"class":75},[61,52288,1948],{"class":126},[61,52290,113],{"class":75},[61,52292,945],{"class":79},[61,52294,480],{"class":75},[14,52296,52297,52298,52300],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52299,945],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52302,52303],{},"Another example:",[52,52305,52307],{"className":54,"code":52306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52308,52309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52310,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52312,127],{"class":126},[61,52314,113],{"class":75},[61,52316,1948],{"class":126},[61,52318,113],{"class":75},[61,52320,40365],{"class":79},[61,52322,480],{"class":75},[14,52324,52325,52326,378],{},"And with ",[18,52327,4012],{},[52,52329,52331],{"className":54,"code":52330,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52332,52333,52341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52334,52335,52337,52339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52336,1766],{"class":67},[61,52338,72],{"class":71},[61,52340,48751],{"class":1523},[61,52342,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52344,127],{"class":126},[61,52346,113],{"class":75},[61,52348,1948],{"class":126},[61,52350,113],{"class":75},[61,52352,1783],{"class":116},[61,52354,480],{"class":75},[14,52356,52357,52358,26],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[334,52359,52361],{"href":52360},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[47,52363,52365],{"id":52364},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52367,52368,52369,52371],{},"Before using ",[18,52370,42584],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52373,52374],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[52,52376,52378],{"className":54,"code":52377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52379,52380,52388,52392,52402,52416,52434,52452],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52381,52382,52384,52386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52383,1766],{"class":67},[61,52385,72],{"class":71},[61,52387,48751],{"class":1523},[61,52389,52390],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52391,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,52393,52394,52396,52398,52400],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52395,127],{"class":126},[61,52397,113],{"class":75},[61,52399,1783],{"class":116},[61,52401,120],{"class":75},[61,52403,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412,52414],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52405,127],{"class":126},[61,52407,113],{"class":75},[61,52409,648],{"class":109},[61,52411,113],{"class":75},[61,52413,1783],{"class":116},[61,52415,480],{"class":75},[61,52417,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430,52432],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,52419,127],{"class":126},[61,52421,113],{"class":75},[61,52423,49099],{"class":126},[61,52425,113],{"class":75},[61,52427,1783],{"class":116},[61,52429,83],{"class":75},[61,52431,49128],{"class":109},[61,52433,480],{"class":75},[61,52435,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446,52448,52450],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,52437,127],{"class":126},[61,52439,113],{"class":75},[61,52441,49099],{"class":126},[61,52443,113],{"class":75},[61,52445,1783],{"class":116},[61,52447,83],{"class":75},[61,52449,22780],{"class":109},[61,52451,480],{"class":75},[61,52453,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,52455,127],{"class":126},[61,52457,113],{"class":75},[61,52459,49099],{"class":126},[61,52461,113],{"class":75},[61,52463,1783],{"class":116},[61,52465,83],{"class":75},[61,52467,9395],{"class":109},[61,52469,480],{"class":75},[14,52471,52472],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52474,52475],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[52,52477,52479],{"className":54,"code":52478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52480,52481,52493,52497,52511],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52482,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52484,1766],{"class":67},[61,52486,72],{"class":71},[61,52488,226],{"class":214},[61,52490,475],{"class":218},[61,52492,1043],{"class":214},[61,52494,52495],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52496,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,52498,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52500,7227],{"class":1490},[61,52502,21804],{"class":67},[61,52504,12416],{"class":71},[61,52506,8329],{"class":71},[61,52508,4083],{"class":1523},[61,52510,6621],{"class":75},[61,52512,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52514,8299],{"class":126},[61,52516,113],{"class":75},[61,52518,1948],{"class":126},[61,52520,113],{"class":75},[61,52522,1783],{"class":116},[61,52524,480],{"class":75},[14,52526,52527,52528,26],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[334,52529,8672],{"href":2544},[47,52531,1741],{"id":1740},[14,52533,23315,52534,378],{},[18,52535,42584],{},[34,52537,52538,52546,52554,52562,52568],{},[37,52539,1750,52540,52542,52543],{},[18,52541,42584],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52544,52545],{},"len(5)",[37,52547,1750,52548,52550,52551],{},[18,52549,42584],{}," on a float like ",[18,52552,52553],{},"len(3.14)",[37,52555,1750,52556,52558,52559,52561],{},[18,52557,42584],{}," on ",[18,52560,4012],{}," after a function returns nothing",[37,52563,4808,52564,52567],{},[18,52565,52566],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[37,52569,52570],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52572,52573],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[52,52575,52577],{"className":54,"code":52576,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52578,52579,52615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52580,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52582,13426],{"class":67},[61,52584,72],{"class":71},[61,52586,1235],{"class":75},[61,52588,215],{"class":214},[61,52590,7899],{"class":218},[61,52592,215],{"class":214},[61,52594,378],{"class":75},[61,52596,226],{"class":214},[61,52598,13104],{"class":218},[61,52600,215],{"class":214},[61,52602,83],{"class":75},[61,52604,226],{"class":214},[61,52606,9521],{"class":218},[61,52608,215],{"class":214},[61,52610,378],{"class":75},[61,52612,452],{"class":79},[61,52614,162],{"class":75},[61,52616,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52618,127],{"class":126},[61,52620,113],{"class":75},[61,52622,1948],{"class":126},[61,52624,113],{"class":75},[61,52626,17528],{"class":116},[61,52628,5590],{"class":75},[61,52630,51638],{"class":3896},[14,52632,37816,52633,52635,52636,4621,52638,26],{},[18,52634,2310],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52637,15461],{},[18,52639,52640],{},"\"age\"",[14,52642,52643],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[52,52645,52647],{"className":54,"code":52646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52648,52649,52662],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52650,52651,52653,52655,52657,52660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52652,1033],{"class":67},[61,52654,72],{"class":71},[61,52656,226],{"class":214},[61,52658,52659],{"class":218},"a b",[61,52661,1043],{"class":214},[61,52663,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52665,127],{"class":126},[61,52667,113],{"class":75},[61,52669,1948],{"class":126},[61,52671,113],{"class":75},[61,52673,1056],{"class":116},[61,52675,5590],{"class":75},[61,52677,50994],{"class":3896},[14,52679,52680],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[47,52682,1987],{"id":1986},[819,52684,52686],{"id":52685},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52688,52689],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[819,52691,52693],{"id":52692},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52695,52696],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[819,52698,52700],{"id":52699},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52702,52703],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[819,52705,52707],{"id":52706},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52709,52710,52711,52713,52714,1881,52716,52718,52719,26],{},"No. Using ",[18,52712,42584],{}," on an ",[18,52715,1203],{},[18,52717,1213],{}," raises a ",[18,52720,1334],{},[819,52722,52724],{"id":52723},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52726,7994,52727,26],{},[18,52728,52729],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52731,197],{},[52,52733,52735],{"className":54,"code":52734,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52736,52737,52745,52749,52767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52738,52739,52741,52743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52740,8538],{"class":67},[61,52742,72],{"class":71},[61,52744,8068],{"class":75},[61,52746,52747],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52748,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,52750,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52752,7227],{"class":1490},[61,52754,38607],{"class":126},[61,52756,113],{"class":75},[61,52758,8569],{"class":116},[61,52760,3893],{"class":75},[61,52762,6636],{"class":71},[61,52764,4065],{"class":79},[61,52766,6621],{"class":75},[61,52768,52769,52771,52773,52775,52778,52780],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52770,8299],{"class":126},[61,52772,113],{"class":75},[61,52774,215],{"class":214},[61,52776,52777],{"class":218},"Empty list",[61,52779,215],{"class":214},[61,52781,120],{"class":75},[14,52783,52784,52785,52787,52788,52790,52791,52793],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52786,3907],{}," in an ",[18,52789,7227],{}," statement, but ",[18,52792,42584],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[47,52795,2144],{"id":2143},[34,52797,52798,52802,52806,52810,52815,52819,52825],{},[37,52799,52800],{},[334,52801,51200],{"href":51199},[37,52803,52804],{},[334,52805,51204],{"href":51203},[37,52807,52808],{},[334,52809,9380],{"href":9379},[37,52811,52812],{},[334,52813,52814],{"href":51769},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[37,52816,52817],{},[334,52818,8672],{"href":2544},[37,52820,52821],{},[334,52822,52824],{"href":52823},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[37,52826,52827],{},[334,52828,52829],{"href":52360},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2169,52831,52832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":52834},[52835,52836,52837,52838,52839,52840,52841,52847,52848,52849,52850,52857],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":51002,"depth":101,"text":51003},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":51347,"depth":101,"text":51348},{"id":51533,"depth":101,"text":51534},{"id":51773,"depth":101,"text":51774},{"id":41267,"depth":101,"text":41268,"children":52842},[52843,52844,52845,52846],{"id":51992,"depth":123,"text":51993},{"id":52046,"depth":123,"text":52047},{"id":52097,"depth":123,"text":52098},{"id":52178,"depth":123,"text":52179},{"id":52250,"depth":101,"text":52251},{"id":52364,"depth":101,"text":52365},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":52851},[52852,52853,52854,52855,52856],{"id":52685,"depth":123,"text":52686},{"id":52692,"depth":123,"text":52693},{"id":52699,"depth":123,"text":52700},{"id":52706,"depth":123,"text":52707},{"id":52723,"depth":123,"text":52724},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50885,"description":52858},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52865,"title":52866,"body":52867,"description":54552,"extension":2216,"meta":54553,"navigation":271,"path":54554,"seo":54555,"stem":54556,"__hash__":54557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52868,"toc":54525},[52869,52872,52886,52892,52894,52948,52953,52957,52973,52976,52990,52996,52998,53001,53020,53036,53038,53114,53116,53153,53164,53166,53169,53230,53232,53265,53268,53274,53278,53281,53406,53408,53467,53475,53528,53530,53557,53563,53573,53577,53580,53585,53637,53639,53665,53671,53725,53727,53752,53755,53779,53785,53787,53791,53793,53850,53852,53860,53862,53884,53886,53939,53941,53965,53969,53971,54010,54012,54020,54026,54030,54082,54084,54110,54118,54122,54127,54136,54138,54204,54206,54238,54242,54247,54249,54263,54266,54339,54341,54367,54369,54373,54380,54384,54391,54395,54398,54400,54453,54455,54481,54485,54494,54496,54522],[10,52870,52866],{"id":52871},"python-list-append-method",[14,52873,2233,52874,52877,52878,52881,52882,52885],{},[18,52875,52876],{},"append()"," method adds ",[23,52879,52880],{},"one item"," to the ",[23,52883,52884],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52887,52888,52889,52891],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[23,52890,704],{}," create a new list.",[47,52893,3842],{"id":3841},[52,52895,52897],{"className":54,"code":52896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52898,52899,52919,52933,52943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,52900,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,52902,68],{"class":67},[61,52904,72],{"class":71},[61,52906,76],{"class":75},[61,52908,80],{"class":79},[61,52910,83],{"class":75},[61,52912,86],{"class":79},[61,52914,83],{"class":75},[61,52916,95],{"class":79},[61,52918,98],{"class":75},[61,52920,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,52922,117],{"class":67},[61,52924,26],{"class":75},[61,52926,13775],{"class":116},[61,52928,113],{"class":75},[61,52930,498],{"class":79},[61,52932,120],{"class":75},[61,52934,52935,52937,52939,52941],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,52936,127],{"class":126},[61,52938,113],{"class":75},[61,52940,117],{"class":116},[61,52942,120],{"class":75},[61,52944,52945],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,52946,52947],{"class":3896},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52949,165,52950,52952],{},[18,52951,52876],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[47,52954,52956],{"id":52955},"what-append-does","What append() does",[34,52958,52959,52964,52967,52970],{},[37,52960,52961,52963],{},[18,52962,52876],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[37,52965,52966],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[37,52968,52969],{},"It does not create a new list",[37,52971,52972],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52974,52975],{},"This means you can append:",[34,52977,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988],{},[37,52979,117],{},[37,52981,5538],{},[37,52983,40816],{},[37,52985,5529],{},[37,52987,7481],{},[37,52989,34884],{},[14,52991,52992,52993,26],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[334,52994,52995],{"href":51203},"Python lists explained for beginners",[47,52997,5660],{"id":5659},[14,52999,53000],{},"Basic form:",[52,53002,53004],{"className":54,"code":53003,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,53005,53006],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53007,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53009,8569],{"class":67},[61,53011,26],{"class":75},[61,53013,13775],{"class":116},[61,53015,113],{"class":75},[61,53017,23531],{"class":116},[61,53019,120],{"class":75},[34,53021,53022,53027,53032],{},[37,53023,53024,53026],{},[18,53025,8569],{}," is the list you want to change",[37,53028,53029,53031],{},[18,53030,23531],{}," is the value or object to add",[37,53033,12133,53034],{},[18,53035,4012],{},[14,53037,197],{},[52,53039,53041],{"className":54,"code":53040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,53042,53043,53067,53090,53094,53104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53046,36460],{"class":67},[61,53048,72],{"class":71},[61,53050,76],{"class":75},[61,53052,215],{"class":214},[61,53054,2042],{"class":218},[61,53056,215],{"class":214},[61,53058,83],{"class":75},[61,53060,226],{"class":214},[61,53062,1040],{"class":218},[61,53064,215],{"class":214},[61,53066,98],{"class":75},[61,53068,53069,53071,53073,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53070,869],{"class":67},[61,53072,72],{"class":71},[61,53074,53075],{"class":67}," fruits",[61,53077,26],{"class":75},[61,53079,13775],{"class":116},[61,53081,113],{"class":75},[61,53083,215],{"class":214},[61,53085,33442],{"class":218},[61,53087,215],{"class":214},[61,53089,120],{"class":75},[61,53091,53092],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53093,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53095,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53097,127],{"class":126},[61,53099,113],{"class":75},[61,53101,36512],{"class":116},[61,53103,120],{"class":75},[61,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,53107,127],{"class":126},[61,53109,113],{"class":75},[61,53111,892],{"class":116},[61,53113,120],{"class":75},[14,53115,139],{},[52,53117,53119],{"className":54,"code":53118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,53120,53121,53149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53122,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53124,4129],{"class":75},[61,53126,299],{"class":214},[61,53128,2042],{"class":218},[61,53130,299],{"class":214},[61,53132,83],{"class":75},[61,53134,308],{"class":214},[61,53136,1040],{"class":218},[61,53138,299],{"class":214},[61,53140,83],{"class":75},[61,53142,308],{"class":214},[61,53144,33442],{"class":218},[61,53146,299],{"class":214},[61,53148,98],{"class":75},[61,53150,53151],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53152,12030],{"class":1523},[14,53154,53155,53156,53158,53159,53161,53162,26],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,53157,52876],{}," updates ",[18,53160,36512],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,53163,4012],{},[47,53165,11696],{"id":11695},[14,53167,53168],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[52,53170,53172],{"className":54,"code":53171,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,53173,53174,53198,53216,53220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53175,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53177,207],{"class":67},[61,53179,72],{"class":71},[61,53181,76],{"class":75},[61,53183,215],{"class":214},[61,53185,219],{"class":218},[61,53187,215],{"class":214},[61,53189,83],{"class":75},[61,53191,226],{"class":214},[61,53193,229],{"class":218},[61,53195,215],{"class":214},[61,53197,98],{"class":75},[61,53199,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53201,264],{"class":67},[61,53203,26],{"class":75},[61,53205,13775],{"class":116},[61,53207,113],{"class":75},[61,53209,215],{"class":214},[61,53211,246],{"class":218},[61,53213,215],{"class":214},[61,53215,120],{"class":75},[61,53217,53218],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53219,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53221,53222,53224,53226,53228],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53223,127],{"class":126},[61,53225,113],{"class":75},[61,53227,264],{"class":116},[61,53229,120],{"class":75},[14,53231,139],{},[52,53233,53235],{"className":54,"code":53234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,53236,53237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53238,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53240,4129],{"class":75},[61,53242,299],{"class":214},[61,53244,219],{"class":218},[61,53246,299],{"class":214},[61,53248,83],{"class":75},[61,53250,308],{"class":214},[61,53252,229],{"class":218},[61,53254,299],{"class":214},[61,53256,83],{"class":75},[61,53258,308],{"class":214},[61,53260,246],{"class":218},[61,53262,299],{"class":214},[61,53264,98],{"class":75},[14,53266,53267],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53269,31303,53270,26],{},[334,53271,53273],{"href":53272},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[47,53275,53277],{"id":53276},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53279,53280],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[52,53282,53284],{"className":54,"code":53283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53285,53286,53294,53298,53312,53330,53344,53370,53392,53396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53287,53288,53290,53292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53289,1230],{"class":67},[61,53291,72],{"class":71},[61,53293,8068],{"class":75},[61,53295,53296],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53297,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53299,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53301,1267],{"class":67},[61,53303,26],{"class":75},[61,53305,13775],{"class":116},[61,53307,113],{"class":75},[61,53309,447],{"class":79},[61,53311,120],{"class":75},[61,53313,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53315,1267],{"class":67},[61,53317,26],{"class":75},[61,53319,13775],{"class":116},[61,53321,113],{"class":75},[61,53323,215],{"class":214},[61,53325,475],{"class":218},[61,53327,215],{"class":214},[61,53329,120],{"class":75},[61,53331,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,53333,1267],{"class":67},[61,53335,26],{"class":75},[61,53337,13775],{"class":116},[61,53339,113],{"class":75},[61,53341,3837],{"class":1523},[61,53343,120],{"class":75},[61,53345,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,53347,1267],{"class":67},[61,53349,26],{"class":75},[61,53351,13775],{"class":116},[61,53353,5757],{"class":75},[61,53355,215],{"class":214},[61,53357,7899],{"class":218},[61,53359,215],{"class":214},[61,53361,378],{"class":75},[61,53363,226],{"class":214},[61,53365,7908],{"class":218},[61,53367,215],{"class":214},[61,53369,30717],{"class":75},[61,53371,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,53373,1267],{"class":67},[61,53375,26],{"class":75},[61,53377,13775],{"class":116},[61,53379,416],{"class":75},[61,53381,80],{"class":79},[61,53383,83],{"class":75},[61,53385,86],{"class":79},[61,53387,83],{"class":75},[61,53389,95],{"class":79},[61,53391,1474],{"class":75},[61,53393,53394],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,53395,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53397,53398,53400,53402,53404],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,53399,127],{"class":126},[61,53401,113],{"class":75},[61,53403,1267],{"class":116},[61,53405,120],{"class":75},[14,53407,139],{},[52,53409,53411],{"className":54,"code":53410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53412,53413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53414,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53416,4129],{"class":75},[61,53418,447],{"class":79},[61,53420,83],{"class":75},[61,53422,308],{"class":214},[61,53424,475],{"class":218},[61,53426,299],{"class":214},[61,53428,83],{"class":75},[61,53430,4145],{"class":1523},[61,53432,83],{"class":75},[61,53434,1235],{"class":75},[61,53436,299],{"class":214},[61,53438,7899],{"class":218},[61,53440,299],{"class":214},[61,53442,378],{"class":75},[61,53444,308],{"class":214},[61,53446,7908],{"class":218},[61,53448,299],{"class":214},[61,53450,53451],{"class":75},"},",[61,53453,76],{"class":75},[61,53455,80],{"class":79},[61,53457,83],{"class":75},[61,53459,86],{"class":79},[61,53461,83],{"class":75},[61,53463,95],{"class":79},[61,53465,53466],{"class":75},"]]\n",[14,53468,53469,53470,42378,53472,26],{},"A list added with ",[18,53471,52876],{},[23,53473,53474],{},"one single item",[52,53476,53478],{"className":54,"code":53477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53479,53480,53496,53514,53518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53481,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53483,68],{"class":67},[61,53485,72],{"class":71},[61,53487,76],{"class":75},[61,53489,80],{"class":79},[61,53491,83],{"class":75},[61,53493,86],{"class":79},[61,53495,98],{"class":75},[61,53497,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53499,117],{"class":67},[61,53501,26],{"class":75},[61,53503,13775],{"class":116},[61,53505,416],{"class":75},[61,53507,1321],{"class":79},[61,53509,83],{"class":75},[61,53511,1178],{"class":79},[61,53513,1474],{"class":75},[61,53515,53516],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53517,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53519,53520,53522,53524,53526],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53521,127],{"class":126},[61,53523,113],{"class":75},[61,53525,117],{"class":116},[61,53527,120],{"class":75},[14,53529,139],{},[52,53531,53533],{"className":54,"code":53532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53534,53535],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53536,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53538,4129],{"class":75},[61,53540,80],{"class":79},[61,53542,83],{"class":75},[61,53544,86],{"class":79},[61,53546,83],{"class":75},[61,53548,76],{"class":75},[61,53550,1321],{"class":79},[61,53552,83],{"class":75},[61,53554,1178],{"class":79},[61,53556,53466],{"class":75},[14,53558,325,53559,53562],{},[18,53560,53561],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53564,53565,53566,53572],{},"This is different from ",[334,53567,53569],{"href":53568},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53570,53571],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[47,53574,53576],{"id":53575},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53578,53579],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[819,53581,1750,53583],{"id":53582},"using-append",[18,53584,52876],{},[52,53586,53587],{"className":54,"code":53477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53588,53589,53605,53623,53627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53590,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53592,68],{"class":67},[61,53594,72],{"class":71},[61,53596,76],{"class":75},[61,53598,80],{"class":79},[61,53600,83],{"class":75},[61,53602,86],{"class":79},[61,53604,98],{"class":75},[61,53606,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53608,117],{"class":67},[61,53610,26],{"class":75},[61,53612,13775],{"class":116},[61,53614,416],{"class":75},[61,53616,1321],{"class":79},[61,53618,83],{"class":75},[61,53620,1178],{"class":79},[61,53622,1474],{"class":75},[61,53624,53625],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53626,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53628,53629,53631,53633,53635],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53630,127],{"class":126},[61,53632,113],{"class":75},[61,53634,117],{"class":116},[61,53636,120],{"class":75},[14,53638,139],{},[52,53640,53641],{"className":54,"code":53532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53642,53643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53646,4129],{"class":75},[61,53648,80],{"class":79},[61,53650,83],{"class":75},[61,53652,86],{"class":79},[61,53654,83],{"class":75},[61,53656,76],{"class":75},[61,53658,1321],{"class":79},[61,53660,83],{"class":75},[61,53662,1178],{"class":79},[61,53664,53466],{"class":75},[819,53666,1750,53668],{"id":53667},"using-extend",[18,53669,53670],{},"extend()",[52,53672,53674],{"className":54,"code":53673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53675,53676,53692,53711,53715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53677,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53679,68],{"class":67},[61,53681,72],{"class":71},[61,53683,76],{"class":75},[61,53685,80],{"class":79},[61,53687,83],{"class":75},[61,53689,86],{"class":79},[61,53691,98],{"class":75},[61,53693,53694,53696,53698,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53695,117],{"class":67},[61,53697,26],{"class":75},[61,53699,53700],{"class":116},"extend",[61,53702,416],{"class":75},[61,53704,1321],{"class":79},[61,53706,83],{"class":75},[61,53708,1178],{"class":79},[61,53710,1474],{"class":75},[61,53712,53713],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53714,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53716,53717,53719,53721,53723],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53718,127],{"class":126},[61,53720,113],{"class":75},[61,53722,117],{"class":116},[61,53724,120],{"class":75},[14,53726,139],{},[52,53728,53730],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53731,53732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53733,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748,53750],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53735,4129],{"class":75},[61,53737,80],{"class":79},[61,53739,83],{"class":75},[61,53741,86],{"class":79},[61,53743,83],{"class":75},[61,53745,95],{"class":79},[61,53747,83],{"class":75},[61,53749,1178],{"class":79},[61,53751,98],{"class":75},[14,53753,53754],{},"The difference:",[34,53756,53757,53763,53769,53774],{},[37,53758,53759,53762],{},[18,53760,53761],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[37,53764,53765,53768],{},[18,53766,53767],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[37,53770,165,53771,53773],{},[18,53772,52876],{}," for one item",[37,53775,165,53776,53778],{},[18,53777,53670],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53780,53781,53782,26],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[334,53783,53784],{"href":53568},"Python list extend() method",[47,53786,4747],{"id":4746},[819,53788,53790],{"id":53789},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53792,25911],{},[52,53794,53796],{"className":54,"code":53795,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53797,53798,53818,53836,53840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53801,1230],{"class":67},[61,53803,72],{"class":71},[61,53805,76],{"class":75},[61,53807,80],{"class":79},[61,53809,83],{"class":75},[61,53811,86],{"class":79},[61,53813,83],{"class":75},[61,53815,95],{"class":79},[61,53817,98],{"class":75},[61,53819,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53821,1230],{"class":67},[61,53823,72],{"class":71},[61,53825,6194],{"class":67},[61,53827,26],{"class":75},[61,53829,13775],{"class":116},[61,53831,113],{"class":75},[61,53833,498],{"class":79},[61,53835,120],{"class":75},[61,53837,53838],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53839,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53841,53842,53844,53846,53848],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53843,127],{"class":126},[61,53845,113],{"class":75},[61,53847,1267],{"class":116},[61,53849,120],{"class":75},[14,53851,139],{},[52,53853,53854],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53855,53856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53857,53858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53859,12030],{"class":1523},[14,53861,12122],{},[34,53863,53864,53869,53875],{},[37,53865,53866,53868],{},[18,53867,52876],{}," changes the list in place",[37,53870,53871,2642,53873],{},[18,53872,52876],{},[18,53874,4012],{},[37,53876,53877,53878,53881,53882],{},"So ",[18,53879,53880],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53883,4012],{},[14,53885,11028],{},[52,53887,53889],{"className":54,"code":53888,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53890,53891,53911,53925,53929],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53892,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907,53909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53894,1230],{"class":67},[61,53896,72],{"class":71},[61,53898,76],{"class":75},[61,53900,80],{"class":79},[61,53902,83],{"class":75},[61,53904,86],{"class":79},[61,53906,83],{"class":75},[61,53908,95],{"class":79},[61,53910,98],{"class":75},[61,53912,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,53914,1267],{"class":67},[61,53916,26],{"class":75},[61,53918,13775],{"class":116},[61,53920,113],{"class":75},[61,53922,498],{"class":79},[61,53924,120],{"class":75},[61,53926,53927],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,53928,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,53930,53931,53933,53935,53937],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,53932,127],{"class":126},[61,53934,113],{"class":75},[61,53936,1267],{"class":116},[61,53938,120],{"class":75},[14,53940,139],{},[52,53942,53943],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,53944,53945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53948,4129],{"class":75},[61,53950,80],{"class":79},[61,53952,83],{"class":75},[61,53954,86],{"class":79},[61,53956,83],{"class":75},[61,53958,95],{"class":79},[61,53960,83],{"class":75},[61,53962,1178],{"class":79},[61,53964,98],{"class":75},[819,53966,53968],{"id":53967},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53970,19133],{},[52,53972,53974],{"className":54,"code":53973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53975,53976,54000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,53977,53978,53980,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,53979,32103],{"class":67},[61,53981,72],{"class":71},[61,53983,76],{"class":75},[61,53985,80],{"class":79},[61,53987,83],{"class":75},[61,53989,86],{"class":79},[61,53991,13772],{"class":75},[61,53993,13775],{"class":116},[61,53995,113],{"class":75},[61,53997,1321],{"class":79},[61,53999,120],{"class":75},[61,54001,54002,54004,54006,54008],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54003,127],{"class":126},[61,54005,113],{"class":75},[61,54007,32122],{"class":116},[61,54009,120],{"class":75},[14,54011,139],{},[52,54013,54014],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54015,54016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54017,54018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54019,12030],{"class":1523},[14,54021,54022,54023,54025],{},"Remember: ",[18,54024,52876],{}," updates the list you already have.",[819,54027,54029],{"id":54028},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[52,54031,54032],{"className":54,"code":53477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54033,54034,54050,54068,54072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54037,68],{"class":67},[61,54039,72],{"class":71},[61,54041,76],{"class":75},[61,54043,80],{"class":79},[61,54045,83],{"class":75},[61,54047,86],{"class":79},[61,54049,98],{"class":75},[61,54051,54052,54054,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54053,117],{"class":67},[61,54055,26],{"class":75},[61,54057,13775],{"class":116},[61,54059,416],{"class":75},[61,54061,1321],{"class":79},[61,54063,83],{"class":75},[61,54065,1178],{"class":79},[61,54067,1474],{"class":75},[61,54069,54070],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54071,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54073,54074,54076,54078,54080],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54075,127],{"class":126},[61,54077,113],{"class":75},[61,54079,117],{"class":116},[61,54081,120],{"class":75},[14,54083,139],{},[52,54085,54086],{"className":54,"code":53532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54087,54088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54089,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54091,4129],{"class":75},[61,54093,80],{"class":79},[61,54095,83],{"class":75},[61,54097,86],{"class":79},[61,54099,83],{"class":75},[61,54101,76],{"class":75},[61,54103,1321],{"class":79},[61,54105,83],{"class":75},[61,54107,1178],{"class":79},[61,54109,53466],{"class":75},[14,54111,3405,54112,54115,54116,6860],{},[18,54113,54114],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,54117,53670],{},[819,54119,54121],{"id":54120},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54123,54124,54126],{},[18,54125,52876],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54128,54129,54130,26],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[334,54131,54133],{"href":54132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,54134,54135],{},"list.insert()",[14,54137,197],{},[52,54139,54141],{"className":54,"code":54140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,54142,54143,54167,54190,54194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54144,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163,54165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54146,36312],{"class":67},[61,54148,72],{"class":71},[61,54150,76],{"class":75},[61,54152,215],{"class":214},[61,54154,334],{"class":218},[61,54156,215],{"class":214},[61,54158,83],{"class":75},[61,54160,226],{"class":214},[61,54162,9961],{"class":218},[61,54164,215],{"class":214},[61,54166,98],{"class":75},[61,54168,54169,54171,54173,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54170,36365],{"class":67},[61,54172,26],{"class":75},[61,54174,54175],{"class":116},"insert",[61,54177,113],{"class":75},[61,54179,80],{"class":79},[61,54181,83],{"class":75},[61,54183,226],{"class":214},[61,54185,765],{"class":218},[61,54187,215],{"class":214},[61,54189,120],{"class":75},[61,54191,54192],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54193,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54195,54196,54198,54200,54202],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54197,127],{"class":126},[61,54199,113],{"class":75},[61,54201,36365],{"class":116},[61,54203,120],{"class":75},[14,54205,139],{},[52,54207,54208],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54209,54210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54211,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54213,4129],{"class":75},[61,54215,299],{"class":214},[61,54217,334],{"class":218},[61,54219,299],{"class":214},[61,54221,83],{"class":75},[61,54223,308],{"class":214},[61,54225,765],{"class":218},[61,54227,299],{"class":214},[61,54229,83],{"class":75},[61,54231,308],{"class":214},[61,54233,9961],{"class":218},[61,54235,299],{"class":214},[61,54237,98],{"class":75},[47,54239,54241],{"id":54240},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54243,54244,54246],{},[18,54245,52876],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54248,36647],{},[34,54250,54251,54254,54257,54260],{},[37,54252,54253],{},"building a list in a loop",[37,54255,54256],{},"collecting user input",[37,54258,54259],{},"storing results step by step",[37,54261,54262],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54264,54265],{},"Example with a loop:",[52,54267,54269],{"className":54,"code":54268,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54270,54271,54280,54284,54305,54324,54328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54272,54273,54276,54278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54274,54275],{"class":67},"squares ",[61,54277,72],{"class":71},[61,54279,8068],{"class":75},[61,54281,54282],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54283,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54285,54286,54288,54290,54292,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54287,6186],{"class":1490},[61,54289,6614],{"class":67},[61,54291,1433],{"class":1490},[61,54293,54294],{"class":126}," range",[61,54296,113],{"class":75},[61,54298,80],{"class":79},[61,54300,83],{"class":75},[61,54302,950],{"class":79},[61,54304,8572],{"class":75},[61,54306,54307,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54308,54309],{"class":67},"    squares",[61,54311,26],{"class":75},[61,54313,13775],{"class":116},[61,54315,113],{"class":75},[61,54317,2464],{"class":116},[61,54319,40094],{"class":71},[61,54321,2444],{"class":116},[61,54323,120],{"class":75},[61,54325,54326],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,54327,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54329,54330,54332,54334,54337],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,54331,127],{"class":126},[61,54333,113],{"class":75},[61,54335,54336],{"class":116},"squares",[61,54338,120],{"class":75},[14,54340,139],{},[52,54342,54344],{"className":54,"code":54343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54345,54346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54347,54348,54350,54352,54354,54356,54358,54361,54363,54365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54349,4129],{"class":75},[61,54351,80],{"class":79},[61,54353,83],{"class":75},[61,54355,1178],{"class":79},[61,54357,83],{"class":75},[61,54359,54360],{"class":79}," 9",[61,54362,83],{"class":75},[61,54364,14209],{"class":79},[61,54366,98],{"class":75},[47,54368,1987],{"id":1986},[819,54370,54372],{"id":54371},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54374,46589,54375,54377,54378,26],{},[18,54376,52876],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54379,4012],{},[819,54381,54383],{"id":54382},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54385,54386,54387,26],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[334,54388,54389],{"href":53568},[18,54390,53670],{},[819,54392,54394],{"id":54393},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54396,54397],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54399,197],{},[52,54401,54403],{"className":54,"code":54402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54404,54405,54421,54439,54443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54406,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54408,9390],{"class":67},[61,54410,72],{"class":71},[61,54412,76],{"class":75},[61,54414,80],{"class":79},[61,54416,83],{"class":75},[61,54418,86],{"class":79},[61,54420,98],{"class":75},[61,54422,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54424,9429],{"class":67},[61,54426,26],{"class":75},[61,54428,13775],{"class":116},[61,54430,416],{"class":75},[61,54432,1321],{"class":79},[61,54434,83],{"class":75},[61,54436,1178],{"class":79},[61,54438,1474],{"class":75},[61,54440,54441],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54442,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54444,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54446,127],{"class":126},[61,54448,113],{"class":75},[61,54450,9429],{"class":116},[61,54452,120],{"class":75},[14,54454,139],{},[52,54456,54457],{"className":54,"code":53532,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54458,54459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54460,54461,54463,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54462,4129],{"class":75},[61,54464,80],{"class":79},[61,54466,83],{"class":75},[61,54468,86],{"class":79},[61,54470,83],{"class":75},[61,54472,76],{"class":75},[61,54474,1321],{"class":79},[61,54476,83],{"class":75},[61,54478,1178],{"class":79},[61,54480,53466],{"class":75},[819,54482,54484],{"id":54483},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54486,54487,54489,54490,54493],{},[18,54488,52876],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54491,54492],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[47,54495,2144],{"id":2143},[34,54497,54498,54503,54507,54512,54516],{},[37,54499,54500],{},[334,54501,54502],{"href":53272},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[37,54504,54505],{},[334,54506,53784],{"href":53568},[37,54508,54509],{},[334,54510,54511],{"href":54132},"Python list insert() method",[37,54513,54514],{},[334,54515,52995],{"href":51203},[37,54517,54518],{},[334,54519,54521],{"href":54520},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2169,54523,54524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":54526},[54527,54528,54529,54530,54531,54532,54538,54544,54545,54551],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":52955,"depth":101,"text":52956},{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":53276,"depth":101,"text":53277},{"id":53575,"depth":101,"text":53576,"children":54533},[54534,54536],{"id":53582,"depth":123,"text":54535},"Using append()",{"id":53667,"depth":123,"text":54537},"Using extend()",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":54539},[54540,54541,54542,54543],{"id":53789,"depth":123,"text":53790},{"id":53967,"depth":123,"text":53968},{"id":54028,"depth":123,"text":54029},{"id":54120,"depth":123,"text":54121},{"id":54240,"depth":101,"text":54241},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":54546},[54547,54548,54549,54550],{"id":54371,"depth":123,"text":54372},{"id":54382,"depth":123,"text":54383},{"id":54393,"depth":123,"text":54394},{"id":54483,"depth":123,"text":54484},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52866,"description":54552},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54559,"title":54560,"body":54561,"description":55805,"extension":2216,"meta":55806,"navigation":271,"path":55807,"seo":55808,"stem":55809,"__hash__":55810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54562,"toc":55770},[54563,54569,54575,54581,54583,54631,54636,54641,54645,54661,54667,54669,54672,54687,54689,54700,54702,54704,54761,54763,54771,54773,54789,54795,54797,54803,54807,54891,54894,54943,54950,54958,54961,54975,54988,54994,55069,55076,55083,55157,55165,55168,55179,55188,55192,55196,55207,55209,55286,55307,55309,55319,55322,55370,55372,55393,55396,55398,55449,55455,55462,55529,55535,55541,55544,55571,55576,55582,55585,55657,55660,55671,55677,55679,55685,55688,55694,55700,55707,55715,55721,55727,55729,55767],[10,54564,54566,54567,11542],{"id":54565},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54568,11541],{},[14,54570,54571,54574],{},[18,54572,54573],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54576,54577,54578,54580],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[23,54579,11554],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[47,54582,3842],{"id":3841},[52,54584,54586],{"className":54,"code":54585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54587,54588,54608,54618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54589,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602,54604,54606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54591,1230],{"class":67},[61,54593,72],{"class":71},[61,54595,76],{"class":75},[61,54597,80],{"class":79},[61,54599,83],{"class":75},[61,54601,86],{"class":79},[61,54603,83],{"class":75},[61,54605,95],{"class":79},[61,54607,98],{"class":75},[61,54609,54610,54612,54614,54616],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54611,1267],{"class":67},[61,54613,26],{"class":75},[61,54615,11603],{"class":116},[61,54617,628],{"class":75},[61,54619,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54621,127],{"class":126},[61,54623,113],{"class":75},[61,54625,1267],{"class":116},[61,54627,3893],{"class":75},[61,54629,54630],{"class":3896},"  # []\n",[14,54632,165,54633,54635],{},[18,54634,11541],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[47,54637,3911,54639,3914],{"id":54638},"what-listclear-does",[18,54640,54573],{},[14,54642,54643,378],{},[18,54644,54573],{},[34,54646,54647,54650,54653,54658],{},[37,54648,54649],{},"Removes every item from a list",[37,54651,54652],{},"Changes the original list in place",[37,54654,54655,54656],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54657,4021],{},[37,54659,54660],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54662,54663,54664,54666],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54665,11541],{},", but it contains no values.",[47,54668,341],{"id":340},[14,54670,54671],{},"Syntax:",[52,54673,54675],{"className":54,"code":54674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54676,54677],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54678,54679,54681,54683,54685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54680,8569],{"class":67},[61,54682,26],{"class":75},[61,54684,11603],{"class":116},[61,54686,628],{"class":75},[14,54688,11679],{},[34,54690,54691,54694,54697],{},[37,54692,54693],{},"Call it on a list object",[37,54695,54696],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[37,54698,54699],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[47,54701,11696],{"id":11695},[14,54703,11699],{},[52,54705,54707],{"className":54,"code":54706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54708,54709,54733,54737,54747,54751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54710,54711,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729,54731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54712,68],{"class":67},[61,54714,72],{"class":71},[61,54716,76],{"class":75},[61,54718,447],{"class":79},[61,54720,83],{"class":75},[61,54722,452],{"class":79},[61,54724,83],{"class":75},[61,54726,8025],{"class":79},[61,54728,83],{"class":75},[61,54730,51067],{"class":79},[61,54732,98],{"class":75},[61,54734,54735],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54736,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54738,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54740,117],{"class":67},[61,54742,26],{"class":75},[61,54744,11603],{"class":116},[61,54746,628],{"class":75},[61,54748,54749],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54750,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54752,54753,54755,54757,54759],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,54754,127],{"class":126},[61,54756,113],{"class":75},[61,54758,117],{"class":116},[61,54760,120],{"class":75},[14,54762,139],{},[52,54764,54765],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54766,54767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54768,54769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54770,38518],{"class":75},[14,54772,11905],{},[34,54774,54775,54780,54786],{},[37,54776,54777,54779],{},[18,54778,117],{}," starts with four items",[37,54781,54782,54785],{},[18,54783,54784],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[37,54787,54788],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54790,54791,54792,26],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[334,54793,52995],{"href":54794},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[47,54796,17640],{"id":17639},[14,54798,54799,2642,54801,26],{},[18,54800,11541],{},[18,54802,4012],{},[14,54804,41128,54805,52891],{},[23,54806,704],{},[52,54808,54810],{"className":54,"code":54809,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54811,54812,54844,54848,54862,54866,54879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54813,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840,54842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54815,1230],{"class":67},[61,54817,72],{"class":71},[61,54819,76],{"class":75},[61,54821,215],{"class":214},[61,54823,334],{"class":218},[61,54825,215],{"class":214},[61,54827,83],{"class":75},[61,54829,226],{"class":214},[61,54831,765],{"class":218},[61,54833,215],{"class":214},[61,54835,83],{"class":75},[61,54837,226],{"class":214},[61,54839,9961],{"class":218},[61,54841,215],{"class":214},[61,54843,98],{"class":75},[61,54845,54846],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54847,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54849,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54851,869],{"class":67},[61,54853,72],{"class":71},[61,54855,6194],{"class":67},[61,54857,26],{"class":75},[61,54859,11603],{"class":116},[61,54861,628],{"class":75},[61,54863,54864],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,54865,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,54867,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,54869,127],{"class":126},[61,54871,113],{"class":75},[61,54873,1267],{"class":116},[61,54875,3893],{"class":75},[61,54877,54878],{"class":3896},"   # []\n",[61,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,54882,127],{"class":126},[61,54884,113],{"class":75},[61,54886,892],{"class":116},[61,54888,3893],{"class":75},[61,54890,21096],{"class":3896},[14,54892,54893],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[52,54895,54897],{"className":54,"code":54896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54898,54899,54919,54933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54900,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54902,1230],{"class":67},[61,54904,72],{"class":71},[61,54906,76],{"class":75},[61,54908,80],{"class":79},[61,54910,83],{"class":75},[61,54912,86],{"class":79},[61,54914,83],{"class":75},[61,54916,95],{"class":79},[61,54918,98],{"class":75},[61,54920,54921,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,54922,1230],{"class":67},[61,54924,72],{"class":71},[61,54926,6194],{"class":67},[61,54928,26],{"class":75},[61,54930,11603],{"class":116},[61,54932,628],{"class":75},[61,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,54936,127],{"class":126},[61,54938,113],{"class":75},[61,54940,1267],{"class":116},[61,54942,120],{"class":75},[14,54944,12138,54945,42378,54947,54949],{},[18,54946,1267],{},[18,54948,4012],{},", not an empty list.",[47,54951,54953,54955,54956],{"id":54952},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54954,11541],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54957,4021],{},[14,54959,54960],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[52,54962,54963],{"className":54,"code":54674,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,54964,54965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54966,54967,54969,54971,54973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54968,8569],{"class":67},[61,54970,26],{"class":75},[61,54972,11603],{"class":116},[61,54974,628],{"class":75},[52,54976,54978],{"className":54,"code":54977,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n",[18,54979,54980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,54981,54982,54984,54986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,54983,8538],{"class":67},[61,54985,72],{"class":71},[61,54987,8068],{"class":75},[819,54989,54991,54993],{"id":54990},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54992,11541],{}," empties the same list object",[52,54995,54997],{"className":54,"code":54996,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54998,54999,55019,55027,55031,55041,55045,55057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55000,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55002,717],{"class":67},[61,55004,72],{"class":71},[61,55006,76],{"class":75},[61,55008,80],{"class":79},[61,55010,83],{"class":75},[61,55012,86],{"class":79},[61,55014,83],{"class":75},[61,55016,95],{"class":79},[61,55018,98],{"class":75},[61,55020,55021,55023,55025],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55022,728],{"class":67},[61,55024,72],{"class":71},[61,55026,36397],{"class":67},[61,55028,55029],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55030,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55032,55033,55035,55037,55039],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55034,334],{"class":67},[61,55036,26],{"class":75},[61,55038,11603],{"class":116},[61,55040,628],{"class":75},[61,55042,55043],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55044,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55046,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,55048,127],{"class":126},[61,55050,113],{"class":75},[61,55052,334],{"class":116},[61,55054,3893],{"class":75},[61,55056,54630],{"class":3896},[61,55058,55059,55061,55063,55065,55067],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,55060,127],{"class":126},[61,55062,113],{"class":75},[61,55064,765],{"class":116},[61,55066,3893],{"class":75},[61,55068,54630],{"class":3896},[14,55070,10811,55071,4621,55073,55075],{},[18,55072,334],{},[18,55074,765],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[819,55077,55079,55082],{"id":55078},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,55080,55081],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[52,55084,55086],{"className":54,"code":55085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55087,55088,55108,55116,55120,55128,55132,55144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55089,55090,55092,55094,55096,55098,55100,55102,55104,55106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55091,717],{"class":67},[61,55093,72],{"class":71},[61,55095,76],{"class":75},[61,55097,80],{"class":79},[61,55099,83],{"class":75},[61,55101,86],{"class":79},[61,55103,83],{"class":75},[61,55105,95],{"class":79},[61,55107,98],{"class":75},[61,55109,55110,55112,55114],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55111,728],{"class":67},[61,55113,72],{"class":71},[61,55115,36397],{"class":67},[61,55117,55118],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55119,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55121,55122,55124,55126],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55123,717],{"class":67},[61,55125,72],{"class":71},[61,55127,8068],{"class":75},[61,55129,55130],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55131,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55133,55134,55136,55138,55140,55142],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,55135,127],{"class":126},[61,55137,113],{"class":75},[61,55139,334],{"class":116},[61,55141,3893],{"class":75},[61,55143,54630],{"class":3896},[61,55145,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,55147,127],{"class":126},[61,55149,113],{"class":75},[61,55151,765],{"class":116},[61,55153,3893],{"class":75},[61,55155,55156],{"class":3896},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55158,20991,55159,55161,55162,55164],{},[18,55160,334],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,55163,765],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55166,55167],{},"This difference matters when:",[34,55169,55170,55173,55176],{},[37,55171,55172],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[37,55174,55175],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[37,55177,55178],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55180,55181,55182,26],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[334,55183,55185,55186,10961],{"href":55184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,55187,13000],{},[47,55189,5189,55190],{"id":12660},[18,55191,11541],{},[14,55193,165,55194,6545],{},[18,55195,11541],{},[34,55197,55198,55201,55204],{},[37,55199,55200],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[37,55202,55203],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[37,55205,55206],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55208,197],{},[52,55210,55212],{"className":54,"code":55211,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,55213,55214,55250,55254,55259,55270,55274],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55215,55216,55219,55221,55223,55225,55228,55230,55232,55234,55237,55239,55241,55243,55246,55248],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55217,55218],{"class":67},"shopping_cart ",[61,55220,72],{"class":71},[61,55222,76],{"class":75},[61,55224,215],{"class":214},[61,55226,55227],{"class":218},"milk",[61,55229,215],{"class":214},[61,55231,83],{"class":75},[61,55233,226],{"class":214},[61,55235,55236],{"class":218},"bread",[61,55238,215],{"class":214},[61,55240,83],{"class":75},[61,55242,226],{"class":214},[61,55244,55245],{"class":218},"eggs",[61,55247,215],{"class":214},[61,55249,98],{"class":75},[61,55251,55252],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55253,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55255,55256],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55257,55258],{"class":3896},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[61,55260,55261,55264,55266,55268],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55262,55263],{"class":67},"shopping_cart",[61,55265,26],{"class":75},[61,55267,11603],{"class":116},[61,55269,628],{"class":75},[61,55271,55272],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55273,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55275,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,55277,127],{"class":126},[61,55279,113],{"class":75},[61,55281,55263],{"class":116},[61,55283,3893],{"class":75},[61,55285,54630],{"class":3896},[14,55287,55288,55289,55293,55294,55300,55301,26],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[334,55290,55292],{"href":55291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[334,55295,55297,10961],{"href":55296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55298,55299],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[334,55302,55304,10961],{"href":55303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55305,55306],{},"list.pop()",[47,55308,4747],{"id":4746},[819,55310,55312,55313,11313,55316],{"id":55311},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55314,55315],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55317,55318],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55320,55321],{},"This does not call the method.",[52,55323,55325],{"className":54,"code":55324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55326,55327,55347,55351,55360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55328,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55330,1230],{"class":67},[61,55332,72],{"class":71},[61,55334,76],{"class":75},[61,55336,80],{"class":79},[61,55338,83],{"class":75},[61,55340,86],{"class":79},[61,55342,83],{"class":75},[61,55344,95],{"class":79},[61,55346,98],{"class":75},[61,55348,55349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55350,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55352,55353,55355,55357],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55354,1267],{"class":67},[61,55356,26],{"class":75},[61,55358,55359],{"class":24971},"clear\n",[61,55361,55362,55364,55366,55368],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55363,127],{"class":126},[61,55365,113],{"class":75},[61,55367,1267],{"class":116},[61,55369,120],{"class":75},[14,55371,139],{},[52,55373,55375],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55376,55377],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55378,55379,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55380,4129],{"class":75},[61,55382,80],{"class":79},[61,55384,83],{"class":75},[61,55386,86],{"class":79},[61,55388,83],{"class":75},[61,55390,95],{"class":79},[61,55392,98],{"class":75},[14,55394,55395],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55397,11028],{},[52,55399,55401],{"className":54,"code":55400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55402,55403,55423,55427,55437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55404,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55406,1230],{"class":67},[61,55408,72],{"class":71},[61,55410,76],{"class":75},[61,55412,80],{"class":79},[61,55414,83],{"class":75},[61,55416,86],{"class":79},[61,55418,83],{"class":75},[61,55420,95],{"class":79},[61,55422,98],{"class":75},[61,55424,55425],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55426,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55428,55429,55431,55433,55435],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55430,1267],{"class":67},[61,55432,26],{"class":75},[61,55434,11603],{"class":116},[61,55436,628],{"class":75},[61,55438,55439,55441,55443,55445,55447],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55440,127],{"class":126},[61,55442,113],{"class":75},[61,55444,1267],{"class":116},[61,55446,3893],{"class":75},[61,55448,54630],{"class":3896},[819,55450,1864,55452,55454],{"id":55451},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55453,11541],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55456,55457,2642,55459,55461],{},[18,55458,11541],{},[18,55460,4012],{},", not the list.",[52,55463,55465],{"className":54,"code":55464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55466,55467,55487,55501,55505,55517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55468,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55470,1230],{"class":67},[61,55472,72],{"class":71},[61,55474,76],{"class":75},[61,55476,80],{"class":79},[61,55478,83],{"class":75},[61,55480,86],{"class":79},[61,55482,83],{"class":75},[61,55484,95],{"class":79},[61,55486,98],{"class":75},[61,55488,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55490,869],{"class":67},[61,55492,72],{"class":71},[61,55494,6194],{"class":67},[61,55496,26],{"class":75},[61,55498,11603],{"class":116},[61,55500,628],{"class":75},[61,55502,55503],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55504,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55506,55507,55509,55511,55513,55515],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55508,127],{"class":126},[61,55510,113],{"class":75},[61,55512,892],{"class":116},[61,55514,3893],{"class":75},[61,55516,21096],{"class":3896},[61,55518,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55520,127],{"class":126},[61,55522,113],{"class":75},[61,55524,1267],{"class":116},[61,55526,3893],{"class":75},[61,55528,54878],{"class":3896},[819,55530,1750,55532,55534],{"id":55531},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55533,11541],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55536,55537,55538,55540],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55539,11541],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55542,55543],{},"This will fail:",[52,55545,55547],{"className":54,"code":55546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55548,55549,55561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55550,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55552,1033],{"class":67},[61,55554,72],{"class":71},[61,55556,226],{"class":214},[61,55558,475],{"class":218},[61,55560,1043],{"class":214},[61,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55564,1056],{"class":67},[61,55566,26],{"class":75},[61,55568,11603],{"class":116},[61,55570,628],{"class":75},[14,55572,55573,55574,33822],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55575,11541],{},[14,55577,55578,55579,55581],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55580,4012],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55583,55584],{},"Useful checks:",[52,55586,55588],{"className":54,"code":55587,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55589,55590,55600,55614,55628,55637,55647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55591,55592,55594,55596,55598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55593,127],{"class":126},[61,55595,113],{"class":75},[61,55597,8569],{"class":116},[61,55599,120],{"class":75},[61,55601,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55603,127],{"class":126},[61,55605,113],{"class":75},[61,55607,648],{"class":109},[61,55609,113],{"class":75},[61,55611,8569],{"class":116},[61,55613,480],{"class":75},[61,55615,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55617,127],{"class":126},[61,55619,113],{"class":75},[61,55621,12872],{"class":126},[61,55623,113],{"class":75},[61,55625,8569],{"class":116},[61,55627,480],{"class":75},[61,55629,55630,55632,55634],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55631,43773],{"class":67},[61,55633,72],{"class":71},[61,55635,55636],{"class":67}," my_list\n",[61,55638,55639,55641,55643,55645],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55640,8569],{"class":67},[61,55642,26],{"class":75},[61,55644,11603],{"class":116},[61,55646,628],{"class":75},[61,55648,55649,55651,55653,55655],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,55650,127],{"class":126},[61,55652,113],{"class":75},[61,55654,30963],{"class":116},[61,55656,120],{"class":75},[14,55658,55659],{},"These can help you see:",[34,55661,55662,55665,55668],{},[37,55663,55664],{},"What the variable currently contains",[37,55666,55667],{},"Whether it is really a list",[37,55669,55670],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55672,55673,55674,26],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[334,55675,55676],{"href":54520},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[47,55678,1987],{"id":1986},[819,55680,12927,55682,55684],{"id":55681},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55683,54573],{}," delete the list?",[14,55686,55687],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[819,55689,12927,55691,55693],{"id":55690},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55692,54573],{}," return a new list?",[14,55695,55696,55697,55699],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55698,4012],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[819,55701,5408,55703,4621,55705,2735],{"id":55702},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55704,11541],{},[18,55706,55081],{},[14,55708,55709,55711,55712,55714],{},[18,55710,11541],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55713,55081],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[819,55716,28550,55718,55720],{"id":55717},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55719,11541],{}," on other types?",[14,55722,55723,55724,55726],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55725,11541],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[47,55728,2144],{"id":2143},[34,55730,55731,55735,55740,55747,55754,55760],{},[37,55732,55733],{},[334,55734,52995],{"href":54794},[37,55736,55737],{},[334,55738,55739],{"href":55291},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[37,55741,55742],{},[334,55743,55744,55745,10961],{"href":55303},"Python list ",[18,55746,12986],{},[37,55748,55749],{},[334,55750,55744,55751,10961],{"href":55296},[18,55752,55753],{},"remove()",[37,55755,55756],{},[334,55757,55744,55758,10961],{"href":55184},[18,55759,13000],{},[37,55761,55762],{},[334,55763,30568,55764,33855],{"href":54520},[18,55765,55766],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2169,55768,55769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":54952,"depth":101,"text":55779,"children":55780},"clear() vs assigning []",[55781,55783],{"id":54990,"depth":123,"text":55782},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55078,"depth":123,"text":55784},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12660,"depth":101,"text":13032},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":55787},[55788,55790,55792],{"id":55311,"depth":123,"text":55789},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55451,"depth":123,"text":55791},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55531,"depth":123,"text":55793},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":55795},[55796,55798,55800,55802],{"id":55681,"depth":123,"text":55797},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55690,"depth":123,"text":55799},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55702,"depth":123,"text":55801},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55717,"depth":123,"text":55803},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54560,"description":55805},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55812,"title":55813,"body":55814,"description":57499,"extension":2216,"meta":57500,"navigation":271,"path":57501,"seo":57502,"stem":57503,"__hash__":57504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55815,"toc":57467},[55816,55821,55827,55835,55837,55926,55933,55938,55942,55956,55958,56035,56037,56098,56101,56103,56105,56126,56129,56143,56146,56191,56193,56201,56204,56210,56216,56219,56296,56298,56343,56346,56351,56434,56436,56477,56482,56486,56492,56494,56502,56505,56598,56600,56658,56661,56677,56682,56692,56697,56699,56704,56709,56712,56714,56771,56774,56827,56833,56838,56842,56859,56861,56945,56947,56988,56996,56998,57003,57009,57011,57074,57079,57149,57153,57188,57191,57193,57232,57236,57312,57318,57324,57329,57351,57354,57373,57381,57383,57389,57392,57399,57407,57412,57415,57419,57425,57433,57436,57438,57464],[10,55817,54566,55819,11542],{"id":55818},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55820,13000],{},[14,55822,55823,55826],{},[18,55824,55825],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55828,55829,55830,14274,55832,55834],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55831,72],{},[23,55833,704],{}," make a real copy.",[47,55836,50],{"id":49},[52,55838,55840],{"className":54,"code":55839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55841,55842,55862,55877,55881,55896,55900,55913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55843,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55845,68],{"class":67},[61,55847,72],{"class":71},[61,55849,76],{"class":75},[61,55851,80],{"class":79},[61,55853,83],{"class":75},[61,55855,86],{"class":79},[61,55857,83],{"class":75},[61,55859,95],{"class":79},[61,55861,98],{"class":75},[61,55863,55864,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55865,55866],{"class":67},"new_numbers ",[61,55868,72],{"class":71},[61,55870,4490],{"class":67},[61,55872,26],{"class":75},[61,55874,13135],{"class":116},[61,55876,628],{"class":75},[61,55878,55879],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,55880,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55882,55883,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,55884,55885],{"class":67},"new_numbers",[61,55887,26],{"class":75},[61,55889,13775],{"class":116},[61,55891,113],{"class":75},[61,55893,498],{"class":79},[61,55895,120],{"class":75},[61,55897,55898],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,55899,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,55901,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,55903,127],{"class":126},[61,55905,113],{"class":75},[61,55907,117],{"class":116},[61,55909,3893],{"class":75},[61,55911,55912],{"class":3896},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,55914,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,55916,127],{"class":126},[61,55918,113],{"class":75},[61,55920,55885],{"class":116},[61,55922,3893],{"class":75},[61,55924,55925],{"class":3896},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55927,165,55928,55930,55931,26],{},[18,55929,55825],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[23,55932,13074],{},[47,55934,3911,55936,3914],{"id":55935},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55937,55825],{},[14,55939,55940,378],{},[18,55941,55825],{},[34,55943,55944,55947,55950,55953],{},[37,55945,55946],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[37,55948,55949],{},"Returns that new list",[37,55951,55952],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[37,55954,55955],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55957,197],{},[52,55959,55961],{"className":54,"code":55960,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55962,55963,55995,56010,56014,56024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,55964,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,55966,36460],{"class":67},[61,55968,72],{"class":71},[61,55970,76],{"class":75},[61,55972,215],{"class":214},[61,55974,2042],{"class":218},[61,55976,215],{"class":214},[61,55978,83],{"class":75},[61,55980,226],{"class":214},[61,55982,1040],{"class":218},[61,55984,215],{"class":214},[61,55986,83],{"class":75},[61,55988,226],{"class":214},[61,55990,33442],{"class":218},[61,55992,215],{"class":214},[61,55994,98],{"class":75},[61,55996,55997,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,55998,55999],{"class":67},"copied_fruits ",[61,56001,72],{"class":71},[61,56003,53075],{"class":67},[61,56005,26],{"class":75},[61,56007,13135],{"class":116},[61,56009,628],{"class":75},[61,56011,56012],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56013,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56015,56016,56018,56020,56022],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56017,127],{"class":126},[61,56019,113],{"class":75},[61,56021,36512],{"class":116},[61,56023,120],{"class":75},[61,56025,56026,56028,56030,56033],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,56027,127],{"class":126},[61,56029,113],{"class":75},[61,56031,56032],{"class":116},"copied_fruits",[61,56034,120],{"class":75},[14,56036,139],{},[52,56038,56040],{"className":54,"code":56039,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,56041,56042,56070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56043,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56045,4129],{"class":75},[61,56047,299],{"class":214},[61,56049,2042],{"class":218},[61,56051,299],{"class":214},[61,56053,83],{"class":75},[61,56055,308],{"class":214},[61,56057,1040],{"class":218},[61,56059,299],{"class":214},[61,56061,83],{"class":75},[61,56063,308],{"class":214},[61,56065,33442],{"class":218},[61,56067,299],{"class":214},[61,56069,98],{"class":75},[61,56071,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56073,4129],{"class":75},[61,56075,299],{"class":214},[61,56077,2042],{"class":218},[61,56079,299],{"class":214},[61,56081,83],{"class":75},[61,56083,308],{"class":214},[61,56085,1040],{"class":218},[61,56087,299],{"class":214},[61,56089,83],{"class":75},[61,56091,308],{"class":214},[61,56093,33442],{"class":218},[61,56095,299],{"class":214},[61,56097,98],{"class":75},[14,56099,56100],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[47,56102,341],{"id":340},[14,56104,344],{},[52,56106,56108],{"className":54,"code":56107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,56109,56110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56111,56112,56115,56117,56120,56122,56124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56113,56114],{"class":67},"new_list ",[61,56116,72],{"class":71},[61,56118,56119],{"class":67}," old_list",[61,56121,26],{"class":75},[61,56123,13135],{"class":116},[61,56125,628],{"class":75},[14,56127,56128],{},"How it works:",[34,56130,56131,56137,56140],{},[37,56132,56133,56134,56136],{},"Call ",[18,56135,13000],{}," on an existing list",[37,56138,56139],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[37,56141,56142],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56144,56145],{},"Example with an empty list:",[52,56147,56149],{"className":54,"code":56148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,56150,56151,56160,56176,56180],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56152,56153,56156,56158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56154,56155],{"class":67},"empty_list ",[61,56157,72],{"class":71},[61,56159,8068],{"class":75},[61,56161,56162,56165,56167,56170,56172,56174],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56163,56164],{"class":67},"new_empty_list ",[61,56166,72],{"class":71},[61,56168,56169],{"class":67}," empty_list",[61,56171,26],{"class":75},[61,56173,13135],{"class":116},[61,56175,628],{"class":75},[61,56177,56178],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56179,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56181,56182,56184,56186,56189],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56183,127],{"class":126},[61,56185,113],{"class":75},[61,56187,56188],{"class":116},"new_empty_list",[61,56190,120],{"class":75},[14,56192,139],{},[52,56194,56195],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,56196,56197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56198,56199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56200,38518],{"class":75},[14,56202,56203],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[47,56205,56207,56208],{"id":56206},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,56209,72],{},[14,56211,1750,56212,14274,56214,52891],{},[18,56213,72],{},[23,56215,704],{},[14,56217,56218],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[52,56220,56222],{"className":54,"code":56221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,56223,56224,56244,56253,56257,56272,56276,56286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56225,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56227,68],{"class":67},[61,56229,72],{"class":71},[61,56231,76],{"class":75},[61,56233,80],{"class":79},[61,56235,83],{"class":75},[61,56237,86],{"class":79},[61,56239,83],{"class":75},[61,56241,95],{"class":79},[61,56243,98],{"class":75},[61,56245,56246,56249,56251],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56247,56248],{"class":67},"same_list ",[61,56250,72],{"class":71},[61,56252,44206],{"class":67},[61,56254,56255],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56256,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56258,56259,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56260,56261],{"class":67},"same_list",[61,56263,26],{"class":75},[61,56265,13775],{"class":116},[61,56267,113],{"class":75},[61,56269,498],{"class":79},[61,56271,120],{"class":75},[61,56273,56274],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,56275,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56277,56278,56280,56282,56284],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,56279,127],{"class":126},[61,56281,113],{"class":75},[61,56283,117],{"class":116},[61,56285,120],{"class":75},[61,56287,56288,56290,56292,56294],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,56289,127],{"class":126},[61,56291,113],{"class":75},[61,56293,56261],{"class":116},[61,56295,120],{"class":75},[14,56297,139],{},[52,56299,56301],{"className":54,"code":56300,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56302,56303,56323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56304,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56306,4129],{"class":75},[61,56308,80],{"class":79},[61,56310,83],{"class":75},[61,56312,86],{"class":79},[61,56314,83],{"class":75},[61,56316,95],{"class":79},[61,56318,83],{"class":75},[61,56320,1178],{"class":79},[61,56322,98],{"class":75},[61,56324,56325,56327,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56326,4129],{"class":75},[61,56328,80],{"class":79},[61,56330,83],{"class":75},[61,56332,86],{"class":79},[61,56334,83],{"class":75},[61,56336,95],{"class":79},[61,56338,83],{"class":75},[61,56340,1178],{"class":79},[61,56342,98],{"class":75},[14,56344,56345],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56347,56348,56349,378],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56350,13000],{},[52,56352,56354],{"className":54,"code":56353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56355,56356,56376,56391,56395,56410,56414,56424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56357,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56359,68],{"class":67},[61,56361,72],{"class":71},[61,56363,76],{"class":75},[61,56365,80],{"class":79},[61,56367,83],{"class":75},[61,56369,86],{"class":79},[61,56371,83],{"class":75},[61,56373,95],{"class":79},[61,56375,98],{"class":75},[61,56377,56378,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56379,56380],{"class":67},"copied_numbers ",[61,56382,72],{"class":71},[61,56384,4490],{"class":67},[61,56386,26],{"class":75},[61,56388,13135],{"class":116},[61,56390,628],{"class":75},[61,56392,56393],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56394,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56396,56397,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56398,56399],{"class":67},"copied_numbers",[61,56401,26],{"class":75},[61,56403,13775],{"class":116},[61,56405,113],{"class":75},[61,56407,498],{"class":79},[61,56409,120],{"class":75},[61,56411,56412],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,56413,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56415,56416,56418,56420,56422],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,56417,127],{"class":126},[61,56419,113],{"class":75},[61,56421,117],{"class":116},[61,56423,120],{"class":75},[61,56425,56426,56428,56430,56432],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,56427,127],{"class":126},[61,56429,113],{"class":75},[61,56431,56399],{"class":116},[61,56433,120],{"class":75},[14,56435,139],{},[52,56437,56439],{"className":54,"code":56438,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56440,56441,56457],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56442,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56444,4129],{"class":75},[61,56446,80],{"class":79},[61,56448,83],{"class":75},[61,56450,86],{"class":79},[61,56452,83],{"class":75},[61,56454,95],{"class":79},[61,56456,98],{"class":75},[61,56458,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56460,4129],{"class":75},[61,56462,80],{"class":79},[61,56464,83],{"class":75},[61,56466,86],{"class":79},[61,56468,83],{"class":75},[61,56470,95],{"class":79},[61,56472,83],{"class":75},[61,56474,1178],{"class":79},[61,56476,98],{"class":75},[14,56478,56479,56480,26],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[334,56481,52995],{"href":51203},[47,56483,56485],{"id":56484},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56487,56488,13071,56490,26],{},[18,56489,55825],{},[23,56491,13074],{},[14,56493,2359],{},[34,56495,56496,56499],{},[37,56497,56498],{},"The outer list is new",[37,56500,56501],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56503,56504],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[52,56506,56508],{"className":54,"code":56507,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56509,56510,56537,56551,56555,56574,56578,56588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56511,56512,56514,56516,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56513,12308],{"class":67},[61,56515,72],{"class":71},[61,56517,56518],{"class":75}," [[",[61,56520,80],{"class":79},[61,56522,83],{"class":75},[61,56524,86],{"class":79},[61,56526,1316],{"class":75},[61,56528,76],{"class":75},[61,56530,1321],{"class":79},[61,56532,83],{"class":75},[61,56534,1178],{"class":79},[61,56536,53466],{"class":75},[61,56538,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56540,14532],{"class":67},[61,56542,72],{"class":71},[61,56544,12383],{"class":67},[61,56546,26],{"class":75},[61,56548,13135],{"class":116},[61,56550,628],{"class":75},[61,56552,56553],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56554,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56556,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56572],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56558,14551],{"class":67},[61,56560,4129],{"class":75},[61,56562,582],{"class":79},[61,56564,13772],{"class":75},[61,56566,13775],{"class":116},[61,56568,113],{"class":75},[61,56570,56571],{"class":79},"99",[61,56573,120],{"class":75},[61,56575,56576],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,56577,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56579,56580,56582,56584,56586],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,56581,127],{"class":126},[61,56583,113],{"class":75},[61,56585,12355],{"class":116},[61,56587,120],{"class":75},[61,56589,56590,56592,56594,56596],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,56591,127],{"class":126},[61,56593,113],{"class":75},[61,56595,14551],{"class":116},[61,56597,120],{"class":75},[14,56599,139],{},[52,56601,56603],{"className":54,"code":56602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56604,56605,56632],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56606,56607,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622,56624,56626,56628,56630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56608,56609],{"class":75},"[[",[61,56611,80],{"class":79},[61,56613,83],{"class":75},[61,56615,86],{"class":79},[61,56617,83],{"class":75},[61,56619,10418],{"class":79},[61,56621,1316],{"class":75},[61,56623,76],{"class":75},[61,56625,1321],{"class":79},[61,56627,83],{"class":75},[61,56629,1178],{"class":79},[61,56631,53466],{"class":75},[61,56633,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56635,56609],{"class":75},[61,56637,80],{"class":79},[61,56639,83],{"class":75},[61,56641,86],{"class":79},[61,56643,83],{"class":75},[61,56645,10418],{"class":79},[61,56647,1316],{"class":75},[61,56649,76],{"class":75},[61,56651,1321],{"class":79},[61,56653,83],{"class":75},[61,56655,1178],{"class":79},[61,56657,53466],{"class":75},[14,56659,56660],{},"Why did both change?",[34,56662,56663,56670],{},[37,56664,56665,4621,56667,56669],{},[18,56666,12355],{},[18,56668,14551],{}," are different outer lists",[37,56671,56672,56673,56676],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56674,56675],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56678,53877,56679,56681],{},[18,56680,13000],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[34,56683,56684,56687,56690],{},[37,56685,56686],{},"Numbers",[37,56688,56689],{},"Strings",[37,56691,40817],{},[14,56693,56694,56695,26],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[334,56696,14012],{"href":14011},[47,56698,17640],{"id":17639},[14,56700,56701,56703],{},[18,56702,55825],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56705,41128,56706,56708],{},[23,56707,704],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56710,56711],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56713,16876],{},[52,56715,56717],{"className":54,"code":56716,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56718,56719,56743,56757,56761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56720,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56722,207],{"class":67},[61,56724,72],{"class":71},[61,56726,76],{"class":75},[61,56728,215],{"class":214},[61,56730,219],{"class":218},[61,56732,215],{"class":214},[61,56734,83],{"class":75},[61,56736,226],{"class":214},[61,56738,229],{"class":218},[61,56740,215],{"class":214},[61,56742,98],{"class":75},[61,56744,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56746,13340],{"class":67},[61,56748,72],{"class":71},[61,56750,13345],{"class":67},[61,56752,26],{"class":75},[61,56754,13135],{"class":116},[61,56756,628],{"class":75},[61,56758,56759],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56760,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56762,56763,56765,56767,56769],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56764,127],{"class":126},[61,56766,113],{"class":75},[61,56768,13364],{"class":116},[61,56770,120],{"class":75},[14,56772,56773],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[52,56775,56777],{"className":54,"code":56776,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56778,56779,56803,56813,56817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56780,56781,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56782,207],{"class":67},[61,56784,72],{"class":71},[61,56786,76],{"class":75},[61,56788,215],{"class":214},[61,56790,219],{"class":218},[61,56792,215],{"class":214},[61,56794,83],{"class":75},[61,56796,226],{"class":214},[61,56798,229],{"class":218},[61,56800,215],{"class":214},[61,56802,98],{"class":75},[61,56804,56805,56807,56809,56811],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56806,264],{"class":67},[61,56808,26],{"class":75},[61,56810,13135],{"class":116},[61,56812,628],{"class":75},[61,56814,56815],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56816,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56818,56819,56821,56823,56825],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56820,127],{"class":126},[61,56822,113],{"class":75},[61,56824,264],{"class":116},[61,56826,120],{"class":75},[14,56828,56829,56830,56832],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56831,13000],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[47,56834,5189,56836],{"id":56835},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56837,55825],{},[14,56839,165,56840,1422],{},[18,56841,55825],{},[34,56843,56844,56847,56850,56853],{},[37,56845,56846],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[37,56848,56849],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[37,56851,56852],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[37,56854,56855,56856],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56857,56858],{},"[:]",[14,56860,197],{},[52,56862,56864],{"className":54,"code":56863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56865,56866,56886,56901,56905,56920,56924,56934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56867,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56869,5292],{"class":67},[61,56871,72],{"class":71},[61,56873,76],{"class":75},[61,56875,447],{"class":79},[61,56877,83],{"class":75},[61,56879,452],{"class":79},[61,56881,83],{"class":75},[61,56883,8025],{"class":79},[61,56885,98],{"class":75},[61,56887,56888,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56889,56890],{"class":67},"backup_scores ",[61,56892,72],{"class":71},[61,56894,5339],{"class":67},[61,56896,26],{"class":75},[61,56898,13135],{"class":116},[61,56900,628],{"class":75},[61,56902,56903],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,56904,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56906,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56918],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,56908,16609],{"class":67},[61,56910,26],{"class":75},[61,56912,13775],{"class":116},[61,56914,113],{"class":75},[61,56916,56917],{"class":79},"40",[61,56919,120],{"class":75},[61,56921,56922],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,56923,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,56925,56926,56928,56930,56932],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,56927,127],{"class":126},[61,56929,113],{"class":75},[61,56931,16609],{"class":116},[61,56933,120],{"class":75},[61,56935,56936,56938,56940,56943],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,56937,127],{"class":126},[61,56939,113],{"class":75},[61,56941,56942],{"class":116},"backup_scores",[61,56944,120],{"class":75},[14,56946,139],{},[52,56948,56950],{"className":54,"code":56949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56951,56952,56972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,56953,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,56955,4129],{"class":75},[61,56957,447],{"class":79},[61,56959,83],{"class":75},[61,56961,452],{"class":79},[61,56963,83],{"class":75},[61,56965,8025],{"class":79},[61,56967,83],{"class":75},[61,56969,51067],{"class":79},[61,56971,98],{"class":75},[61,56973,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,56975,4129],{"class":75},[61,56977,447],{"class":79},[61,56979,83],{"class":75},[61,56981,452],{"class":79},[61,56983,83],{"class":75},[61,56985,8025],{"class":79},[61,56987,98],{"class":75},[14,56989,56990,56991,26],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[334,56992,55744,56994,10961],{"href":56993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56995,52876],{},[47,56997,4747],{"id":4746},[14,56999,57000,57001,26],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,57002,55825],{},[819,57004,1750,57006,57008],{"id":57005},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,57007,72],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,57010,39420],{},[52,57012,57014],{"className":54,"code":57013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,57015,57016,57036,57044,57058,57062],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57017,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032,57034],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57019,717],{"class":67},[61,57021,72],{"class":71},[61,57023,76],{"class":75},[61,57025,80],{"class":79},[61,57027,83],{"class":75},[61,57029,86],{"class":79},[61,57031,83],{"class":75},[61,57033,95],{"class":79},[61,57035,98],{"class":75},[61,57037,57038,57040,57042],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57039,728],{"class":67},[61,57041,72],{"class":71},[61,57043,36397],{"class":67},[61,57045,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,57047,765],{"class":67},[61,57049,26],{"class":75},[61,57051,13775],{"class":116},[61,57053,113],{"class":75},[61,57055,498],{"class":79},[61,57057,120],{"class":75},[61,57059,57060],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,57061,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,57065,127],{"class":126},[61,57067,113],{"class":75},[61,57069,334],{"class":116},[61,57071,3893],{"class":75},[61,57073,55925],{"class":3896},[14,57075,57076,57077,6860],{},"Fix: use ",[18,57078,13000],{},[52,57080,57082],{"className":54,"code":57081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,57083,57084,57104,57119,57133,57137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57085,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57087,717],{"class":67},[61,57089,72],{"class":71},[61,57091,76],{"class":75},[61,57093,80],{"class":79},[61,57095,83],{"class":75},[61,57097,86],{"class":79},[61,57099,83],{"class":75},[61,57101,95],{"class":79},[61,57103,98],{"class":75},[61,57105,57106,57108,57110,57113,57115,57117],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57107,728],{"class":67},[61,57109,72],{"class":71},[61,57111,57112],{"class":67}," a",[61,57114,26],{"class":75},[61,57116,13135],{"class":116},[61,57118,628],{"class":75},[61,57120,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,57122,765],{"class":67},[61,57124,26],{"class":75},[61,57126,13775],{"class":116},[61,57128,113],{"class":75},[61,57130,498],{"class":79},[61,57132,120],{"class":75},[61,57134,57135],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,57136,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,57138,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,57140,127],{"class":126},[61,57142,113],{"class":75},[61,57144,334],{"class":116},[61,57146,3893],{"class":75},[61,57148,55156],{"class":3896},[819,57150,57152],{"id":57151},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[52,57154,57156],{"className":54,"code":57155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,57157,57158,57178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57159,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57161,68],{"class":67},[61,57163,72],{"class":71},[61,57165,76],{"class":75},[61,57167,80],{"class":79},[61,57169,83],{"class":75},[61,57171,86],{"class":79},[61,57173,83],{"class":75},[61,57175,95],{"class":79},[61,57177,98],{"class":75},[61,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57181,117],{"class":67},[61,57183,26],{"class":75},[61,57185,13135],{"class":116},[61,57187,628],{"class":75},[14,57189,57190],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57192,39483],{},[52,57194,57196],{"className":54,"code":57195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,57197,57198,57218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57199,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57201,68],{"class":67},[61,57203,72],{"class":71},[61,57205,76],{"class":75},[61,57207,80],{"class":79},[61,57209,83],{"class":75},[61,57211,86],{"class":79},[61,57213,83],{"class":75},[61,57215,95],{"class":79},[61,57217,98],{"class":75},[61,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57221,56380],{"class":67},[61,57223,72],{"class":71},[61,57225,4490],{"class":67},[61,57227,26],{"class":75},[61,57229,13135],{"class":116},[61,57231,628],{"class":75},[819,57233,57235],{"id":57234},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[52,57237,57239],{"className":54,"code":57238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,57240,57241,57259,57273,57277,57295,57299],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57242,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57244,717],{"class":67},[61,57246,72],{"class":71},[61,57248,56518],{"class":75},[61,57250,80],{"class":79},[61,57252,1316],{"class":75},[61,57254,76],{"class":75},[61,57256,2310],{"class":79},[61,57258,53466],{"class":75},[61,57260,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57262,728],{"class":67},[61,57264,72],{"class":71},[61,57266,57112],{"class":67},[61,57268,26],{"class":75},[61,57270,13135],{"class":116},[61,57272,628],{"class":75},[61,57274,57275],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,57276,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,57278,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,57280,765],{"class":67},[61,57282,4129],{"class":75},[61,57284,582],{"class":79},[61,57286,13772],{"class":75},[61,57288,13775],{"class":116},[61,57290,113],{"class":75},[61,57292,56571],{"class":79},[61,57294,120],{"class":75},[61,57296,57297],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,57298,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,57300,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,57302,127],{"class":126},[61,57304,113],{"class":75},[61,57306,334],{"class":116},[61,57308,3893],{"class":75},[61,57310,57311],{"class":3896},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57313,57314,57315,57317],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57316,55825],{}," is shallow.",[819,57319,25837,57321,57323],{"id":57320},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57322,13000],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57325,57326,57328],{},[18,57327,13000],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[52,57330,57332],{"className":54,"code":57331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57333,57334,57346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57335,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57337,8106],{"class":67},[61,57339,72],{"class":71},[61,57341,226],{"class":214},[61,57343,5232],{"class":218},[61,57345,1043],{"class":214},[61,57347,57348],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57349,57350],{"class":3896},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57352,57353],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[52,57355,57357],{"className":54,"code":57356,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57358,57359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57360,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57362,127],{"class":126},[61,57364,113],{"class":75},[61,57366,648],{"class":109},[61,57368,113],{"class":75},[61,57370,7899],{"class":116},[61,57372,480],{"class":75},[14,57374,57375,57376,57380],{},"You can also review ",[334,57377,57379],{"href":57378},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[47,57382,1987],{"id":1986},[819,57384,12927,57386,57388],{"id":57385},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57387,55825],{}," change the original list?",[14,57390,57391],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[819,57393,5408,57395,4621,57397,2735],{"id":57394},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57396,55825],{},[18,57398,72],{},[14,57400,57401,57403,57404,57406],{},[18,57402,13000],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57405,72],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[819,57408,15124,57410,15127],{"id":57409},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57411,55825],{},[14,57413,57414],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[819,57416,57418],{"id":57417},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57420,42375,57421,57424],{},[18,57422,57423],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[819,57426,15124,57428,57430,57431,2735],{"id":57427},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57429,55825],{}," the same as ",[18,57432,56858],{},[14,57434,57435],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[47,57437,2144],{"id":2143},[34,57439,57440,57445,57449,57454,57460],{},[37,57441,57442],{},[334,57443,15186],{"href":57444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[37,57446,57447],{},[334,57448,52995],{"href":51203},[37,57450,57451],{},[334,57452,57453],{"href":57378},"Creating a list in Python",[37,57455,57456],{},[334,57457,55744,57458,10961],{"href":56993},[18,57459,52876],{},[37,57461,57462],{},[334,57463,14012],{"href":14011},[2169,57465,57466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":57468},[57469,57470,57472,57473,57475,57476,57477,57479,57487,57498],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":55935,"depth":101,"text":57471},"What list.copy() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":56206,"depth":101,"text":57474},"Why not use =",{"id":56484,"depth":101,"text":56485},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":56835,"depth":101,"text":57478},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":57480},[57481,57483,57484,57485],{"id":57005,"depth":123,"text":57482},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57151,"depth":123,"text":57152},{"id":57234,"depth":123,"text":57235},{"id":57320,"depth":123,"text":57486},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":57488},[57489,57491,57493,57495,57496],{"id":57385,"depth":123,"text":57490},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57394,"depth":123,"text":57492},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57409,"depth":123,"text":57494},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57417,"depth":123,"text":57418},{"id":57427,"depth":123,"text":57497},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55813,"description":57499},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57506,"title":57507,"body":57508,"description":59250,"extension":2216,"meta":59251,"navigation":271,"path":59252,"seo":59253,"stem":59254,"__hash__":59255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57509,"toc":59209},[57510,57516,57522,57525,57536,57539,57541,57604,57610,57615,57619,57633,57636,57641,57646,57648,57650,57669,57681,57683,57750,57752,57760,57765,57767,57775,57778,57795,57797,57921,57932,57936,57941,57944,57946,57964,57968,58054,58063,58071,58140,58142,58145,58157,58162,58166,58237,58240,58244,58248,58313,58315,58323,58327,58410,58412,58420,58424,58485,58487,58495,58499,58586,58588,58596,58601,58606,58609,58620,58622,58707,58712,58721,58723,58727,58731,58736,58798,58802,58810,58816,58825,58830,58879,58882,58903,58907,58969,58976,58981,58984,59071,59074,59085,59088,59108,59110,59116,59119,59123,59127,59133,59136,59142,59149,59157,59168,59170,59206],[10,57511,54566,57513,11542],{"id":57512},"python-list-count-method",[18,57514,57515],{},"count()",[14,57517,57518,57521],{},[18,57519,57520],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57523,57524],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[34,57526,57527,57530,57533],{},[37,57528,57529],{},"count one specific item",[37,57531,57532],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[37,57534,57535],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57537,57538],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[47,57540,3842],{"id":3841},[52,57542,57544],{"className":54,"code":57543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57545,57546,57574,57592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57547,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57549,68],{"class":67},[61,57551,72],{"class":71},[61,57553,76],{"class":75},[61,57555,80],{"class":79},[61,57557,83],{"class":75},[61,57559,86],{"class":79},[61,57561,83],{"class":75},[61,57563,86],{"class":79},[61,57565,83],{"class":75},[61,57567,95],{"class":79},[61,57569,83],{"class":75},[61,57571,86],{"class":79},[61,57573,98],{"class":75},[61,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57577,869],{"class":67},[61,57579,72],{"class":71},[61,57581,4490],{"class":67},[61,57583,26],{"class":75},[61,57585,41482],{"class":116},[61,57587,113],{"class":75},[61,57589,2310],{"class":79},[61,57591,120],{"class":75},[61,57593,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,57595,127],{"class":126},[61,57597,113],{"class":75},[61,57599,892],{"class":116},[61,57601,3893],{"class":75},[61,57603,50994],{"class":3896},[14,57605,165,57606,57609],{},[18,57607,57608],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[47,57611,3911,57613,3914],{"id":57612},"what-listcount-does",[18,57614,57520],{},[14,57616,57617,378],{},[18,57618,57520],{},[34,57620,57621,57624,57627,57630],{},[37,57622,57623],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[37,57625,57626],{},"returns an integer",[37,57628,57629],{},"does not change the original list",[37,57631,57632],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57634,57635],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57637,57638,57639,26],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57640,1321],{},[14,57642,57643,57644,26],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57645,582],{},[47,57647,341],{"id":340},[14,57649,344],{},[52,57651,57653],{"className":54,"code":57652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57654,57655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57656,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57658,8569],{"class":67},[61,57660,26],{"class":75},[61,57662,41482],{"class":116},[61,57664,113],{"class":75},[61,57666,1783],{"class":116},[61,57668,120],{"class":75},[34,57670,57671,57676],{},[37,57672,57673,57675],{},[18,57674,8569],{}," is the list you want to search",[37,57677,57678,57680],{},[18,57679,1783],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57682,197],{},[52,57684,57686],{"className":54,"code":57685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57687,57688,57728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57691,36312],{"class":67},[61,57693,72],{"class":71},[61,57695,76],{"class":75},[61,57697,215],{"class":214},[61,57699,334],{"class":218},[61,57701,215],{"class":214},[61,57703,83],{"class":75},[61,57705,226],{"class":214},[61,57707,765],{"class":218},[61,57709,215],{"class":214},[61,57711,83],{"class":75},[61,57713,226],{"class":214},[61,57715,334],{"class":218},[61,57717,215],{"class":214},[61,57719,83],{"class":75},[61,57721,226],{"class":214},[61,57723,9961],{"class":218},[61,57725,215],{"class":214},[61,57727,98],{"class":75},[61,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57731,127],{"class":126},[61,57733,113],{"class":75},[61,57735,36365],{"class":116},[61,57737,26],{"class":75},[61,57739,41482],{"class":116},[61,57741,113],{"class":75},[61,57743,215],{"class":214},[61,57745,334],{"class":218},[61,57747,215],{"class":214},[61,57749,480],{"class":75},[14,57751,139],{},[52,57753,57754],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,57755,57756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57757,57758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57759,17277],{"class":79},[14,57761,57762,57763,26],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57764,582],{},[47,57766,38241],{"id":38240},[14,57768,57769,57770,57772,57773,26],{},"The return value from ",[18,57771,57515],{}," is always an ",[18,57774,1203],{},[14,57776,57777],{},"Possible results:",[34,57779,57780,57785,57790],{},[37,57781,57782,57784],{},[18,57783,582],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[37,57786,57787,57789],{},[18,57788,80],{}," if it appears once",[37,57791,57792,57794],{},[18,57793,2310],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57796,197],{},[52,57798,57800],{"className":54,"code":57799,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57801,57802,57842,57846,57871,57896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57803,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57805,207],{"class":67},[61,57807,72],{"class":71},[61,57809,76],{"class":75},[61,57811,215],{"class":214},[61,57813,219],{"class":218},[61,57815,215],{"class":214},[61,57817,83],{"class":75},[61,57819,226],{"class":214},[61,57821,229],{"class":218},[61,57823,215],{"class":214},[61,57825,83],{"class":75},[61,57827,226],{"class":214},[61,57829,246],{"class":218},[61,57831,215],{"class":214},[61,57833,83],{"class":75},[61,57835,226],{"class":214},[61,57837,229],{"class":218},[61,57839,215],{"class":214},[61,57841,98],{"class":75},[61,57843,57844],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,57845,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,57847,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,57849,127],{"class":126},[61,57851,113],{"class":75},[61,57853,264],{"class":116},[61,57855,26],{"class":75},[61,57857,41482],{"class":116},[61,57859,113],{"class":75},[61,57861,215],{"class":214},[61,57863,229],{"class":218},[61,57865,215],{"class":214},[61,57867,5590],{"class":75},[61,57869,57870],{"class":3896},"   # 2\n",[61,57872,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,57874,127],{"class":126},[61,57876,113],{"class":75},[61,57878,264],{"class":116},[61,57880,26],{"class":75},[61,57882,41482],{"class":116},[61,57884,113],{"class":75},[61,57886,215],{"class":214},[61,57888,219],{"class":218},[61,57890,215],{"class":214},[61,57892,5590],{"class":75},[61,57894,57895],{"class":3896},"    # 1\n",[61,57897,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,57899,127],{"class":126},[61,57901,113],{"class":75},[61,57903,264],{"class":116},[61,57905,26],{"class":75},[61,57907,41482],{"class":116},[61,57909,113],{"class":75},[61,57911,215],{"class":214},[61,57913,22744],{"class":218},[61,57915,215],{"class":214},[61,57917,5590],{"class":75},[61,57919,57920],{"class":3896}," # 0\n",[14,57922,57923,57924,57926,57927,57929,57930,26],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57925,57515],{}," works, but using ",[18,57928,1433],{}," is often simpler. See ",[334,57931,6426],{"href":6425},[47,57933,57935],{"id":57934},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57937,57938,57940],{},[18,57939,57520],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57942,57943],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57945,43874],{},[34,57947,57948,57951,57954,57961],{},[37,57949,57950],{},"matches are based on equality",[37,57952,57953],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[37,57955,57956,4621,57958,57960],{},[18,57957,80],{},[18,57959,3837],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[37,57962,57963],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[819,57965,57967],{"id":57966},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[52,57969,57971],{"className":54,"code":57970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57972,57973,58006,58030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,57974,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,57976,4298],{"class":67},[61,57978,72],{"class":71},[61,57980,76],{"class":75},[61,57982,215],{"class":214},[61,57984,2042],{"class":218},[61,57986,215],{"class":214},[61,57988,83],{"class":75},[61,57990,226],{"class":214},[61,57992,57993],{"class":218},"Apple",[61,57995,215],{"class":214},[61,57997,83],{"class":75},[61,57999,226],{"class":214},[61,58001,2042],{"class":218},[61,58003,215],{"class":214},[61,58005,98],{"class":75},[61,58007,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58009,127],{"class":126},[61,58011,113],{"class":75},[61,58013,4340],{"class":116},[61,58015,26],{"class":75},[61,58017,41482],{"class":116},[61,58019,113],{"class":75},[61,58021,215],{"class":214},[61,58023,2042],{"class":218},[61,58025,215],{"class":214},[61,58027,5590],{"class":75},[61,58029,51638],{"class":3896},[61,58031,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58033,127],{"class":126},[61,58035,113],{"class":75},[61,58037,4340],{"class":116},[61,58039,26],{"class":75},[61,58041,41482],{"class":116},[61,58043,113],{"class":75},[61,58045,215],{"class":214},[61,58047,57993],{"class":218},[61,58049,215],{"class":214},[61,58051,5590],{"class":75},[61,58053,28001],{"class":3896},[14,58055,58056,4621,58059,58062],{},[18,58057,58058],{},"\"apple\"",[18,58060,58061],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[819,58064,58066,4621,58068,58070],{"id":58065},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,58067,80],{},[18,58069,3837],{}," can match",[52,58072,58074],{"className":54,"code":58073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,58075,58076,58100,58120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58077,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58079,937],{"class":67},[61,58081,72],{"class":71},[61,58083,76],{"class":75},[61,58085,80],{"class":79},[61,58087,83],{"class":75},[61,58089,4145],{"class":1523},[61,58091,83],{"class":75},[61,58093,86],{"class":79},[61,58095,83],{"class":75},[61,58097,587],{"class":79},[61,58099,98],{"class":75},[61,58101,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58103,127],{"class":126},[61,58105,113],{"class":75},[61,58107,974],{"class":116},[61,58109,26],{"class":75},[61,58111,41482],{"class":116},[61,58113,113],{"class":75},[61,58115,80],{"class":79},[61,58117,5590],{"class":75},[61,58119,51142],{"class":3896},[61,58121,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58123,127],{"class":126},[61,58125,113],{"class":75},[61,58127,974],{"class":116},[61,58129,26],{"class":75},[61,58131,41482],{"class":116},[61,58133,113],{"class":75},[61,58135,3837],{"class":1523},[61,58137,5590],{"class":75},[61,58139,50994],{"class":3896},[14,58141,4638],{},[14,58143,58144],{},"In Python:",[34,58146,58147,58152],{},[37,58148,58149],{},[18,58150,58151],{},"True == 1",[37,58153,58154],{},[18,58155,58156],{},"False == 0",[14,58158,53877,58159,58161],{},[18,58160,57515],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[819,58163,58165],{"id":58164},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[52,58167,58169],{"className":54,"code":58168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,58170,58171,58213],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58172,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58174,1230],{"class":67},[61,58176,72],{"class":71},[61,58178,56518],{"class":75},[61,58180,80],{"class":79},[61,58182,83],{"class":75},[61,58184,86],{"class":79},[61,58186,1316],{"class":75},[61,58188,76],{"class":75},[61,58190,1321],{"class":79},[61,58192,83],{"class":75},[61,58194,1178],{"class":79},[61,58196,1316],{"class":75},[61,58198,76],{"class":75},[61,58200,80],{"class":79},[61,58202,83],{"class":75},[61,58204,86],{"class":79},[61,58206,1316],{"class":75},[61,58208,76],{"class":75},[61,58210,80],{"class":79},[61,58212,53466],{"class":75},[61,58214,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58216,127],{"class":126},[61,58218,113],{"class":75},[61,58220,1267],{"class":116},[61,58222,26],{"class":75},[61,58224,41482],{"class":116},[61,58226,416],{"class":75},[61,58228,80],{"class":79},[61,58230,83],{"class":75},[61,58232,86],{"class":79},[61,58234,4963],{"class":75},[61,58236,51638],{"class":3896},[14,58238,58239],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[47,58241,58243],{"id":58242},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[819,58245,58247],{"id":58246},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[52,58249,58251],{"className":54,"code":58250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58252,58253,58281,58299,58303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58254,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58256,68],{"class":67},[61,58258,72],{"class":71},[61,58260,76],{"class":75},[61,58262,447],{"class":79},[61,58264,83],{"class":75},[61,58266,452],{"class":79},[61,58268,83],{"class":75},[61,58270,457],{"class":79},[61,58272,83],{"class":75},[61,58274,8025],{"class":79},[61,58276,83],{"class":75},[61,58278,457],{"class":79},[61,58280,98],{"class":75},[61,58282,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58284,869],{"class":67},[61,58286,72],{"class":71},[61,58288,4490],{"class":67},[61,58290,26],{"class":75},[61,58292,41482],{"class":116},[61,58294,113],{"class":75},[61,58296,447],{"class":79},[61,58298,120],{"class":75},[61,58300,58301],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58302,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,58304,58305,58307,58309,58311],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,58306,127],{"class":126},[61,58308,113],{"class":75},[61,58310,892],{"class":116},[61,58312,120],{"class":75},[14,58314,139],{},[52,58316,58317],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58318,58319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58320,58321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58322,46840],{"class":79},[819,58324,58326],{"id":58325},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[52,58328,58330],{"className":54,"code":58329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58331,58332,58374,58396,58400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58333,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58370,58372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58335,4298],{"class":67},[61,58337,72],{"class":71},[61,58339,76],{"class":75},[61,58341,215],{"class":214},[61,58343,37269],{"class":218},[61,58345,215],{"class":214},[61,58347,83],{"class":75},[61,58349,226],{"class":214},[61,58351,58352],{"class":218},"dog",[61,58354,215],{"class":214},[61,58356,83],{"class":75},[61,58358,226],{"class":214},[61,58360,37269],{"class":218},[61,58362,215],{"class":214},[61,58364,83],{"class":75},[61,58366,226],{"class":214},[61,58368,58369],{"class":218},"bird",[61,58371,215],{"class":214},[61,58373,98],{"class":75},[61,58375,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58377,869],{"class":67},[61,58379,72],{"class":71},[61,58381,6396],{"class":67},[61,58383,26],{"class":75},[61,58385,41482],{"class":116},[61,58387,113],{"class":75},[61,58389,215],{"class":214},[61,58391,37269],{"class":218},[61,58393,215],{"class":214},[61,58395,120],{"class":75},[61,58397,58398],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58399,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,58401,58402,58404,58406,58408],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,58403,127],{"class":126},[61,58405,113],{"class":75},[61,58407,892],{"class":116},[61,58409,120],{"class":75},[14,58411,139],{},[52,58413,58414],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58415,58416],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58417,58418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58419,17277],{"class":79},[819,58421,58423],{"id":58422},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[52,58425,58427],{"className":54,"code":58426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58428,58429,58453,58471,58475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58430,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58432,68],{"class":67},[61,58434,72],{"class":71},[61,58436,76],{"class":75},[61,58438,80],{"class":79},[61,58440,83],{"class":75},[61,58442,86],{"class":79},[61,58444,83],{"class":75},[61,58446,95],{"class":79},[61,58448,83],{"class":75},[61,58450,1178],{"class":79},[61,58452,98],{"class":75},[61,58454,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58456,869],{"class":67},[61,58458,72],{"class":71},[61,58460,4490],{"class":67},[61,58462,26],{"class":75},[61,58464,41482],{"class":116},[61,58466,113],{"class":75},[61,58468,945],{"class":79},[61,58470,120],{"class":75},[61,58472,58473],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58474,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,58476,58477,58479,58481,58483],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,58478,127],{"class":126},[61,58480,113],{"class":75},[61,58482,892],{"class":116},[61,58484,120],{"class":75},[14,58486,139],{},[52,58488,58489],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58490,58491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58492,58493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58494,47475],{"class":79},[819,58496,58498],{"id":58497},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[52,58500,58502],{"className":54,"code":58501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58503,58504,58550,58572,58576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58507,9390],{"class":67},[61,58509,72],{"class":71},[61,58511,56518],{"class":75},[61,58513,80],{"class":79},[61,58515,83],{"class":75},[61,58517,86],{"class":79},[61,58519,1316],{"class":75},[61,58521,76],{"class":75},[61,58523,80],{"class":79},[61,58525,83],{"class":75},[61,58527,86],{"class":79},[61,58529,1316],{"class":75},[61,58531,76],{"class":75},[61,58533,2310],{"class":79},[61,58535,83],{"class":75},[61,58537,95],{"class":79},[61,58539,1316],{"class":75},[61,58541,76],{"class":75},[61,58543,80],{"class":79},[61,58545,83],{"class":75},[61,58547,86],{"class":79},[61,58549,53466],{"class":75},[61,58551,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58553,869],{"class":67},[61,58555,72],{"class":71},[61,58557,14787],{"class":67},[61,58559,26],{"class":75},[61,58561,41482],{"class":116},[61,58563,416],{"class":75},[61,58565,80],{"class":79},[61,58567,83],{"class":75},[61,58569,86],{"class":79},[61,58571,1474],{"class":75},[61,58573,58574],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58575,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,58577,58578,58580,58582,58584],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,58579,127],{"class":126},[61,58581,113],{"class":75},[61,58583,892],{"class":116},[61,58585,120],{"class":75},[14,58587,139],{},[52,58589,58590],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,58591,58592],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58593,58594],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58595,46840],{"class":79},[47,58597,5189,58599],{"id":58598},"when-to-use-count",[18,58600,57515],{},[14,58602,165,58603,58605],{},[18,58604,57515],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58607,58608],{},"Good use cases:",[34,58610,58611,58614,58617],{},[37,58612,58613],{},"counting one specific item",[37,58615,58616],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[37,58618,58619],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58621,197],{},[52,58623,58625],{"className":54,"code":58624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58626,58627,58668,58692,58696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58628,58629,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58630,58631],{"class":67},"votes ",[61,58633,72],{"class":71},[61,58635,76],{"class":75},[61,58637,215],{"class":214},[61,58639,8887],{"class":218},[61,58641,215],{"class":214},[61,58643,83],{"class":75},[61,58645,226],{"class":214},[61,58647,8827],{"class":218},[61,58649,215],{"class":214},[61,58651,83],{"class":75},[61,58653,226],{"class":214},[61,58655,8887],{"class":218},[61,58657,215],{"class":214},[61,58659,83],{"class":75},[61,58661,226],{"class":214},[61,58663,8887],{"class":218},[61,58665,215],{"class":214},[61,58667,98],{"class":75},[61,58669,58670,58673,58675,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58671,58672],{"class":67},"yes_votes ",[61,58674,72],{"class":71},[61,58676,58677],{"class":67}," votes",[61,58679,26],{"class":75},[61,58681,41482],{"class":116},[61,58683,113],{"class":75},[61,58685,215],{"class":214},[61,58687,8887],{"class":218},[61,58689,215],{"class":214},[61,58691,120],{"class":75},[61,58693,58694],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,58695,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,58697,58698,58700,58702,58705],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,58699,127],{"class":126},[61,58701,113],{"class":75},[61,58703,58704],{"class":116},"yes_votes",[61,58706,120],{"class":75},[14,58708,58709,58711],{},[18,58710,57515],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58713,58714,58715,4621,58717,26],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[334,58716,52995],{"href":51203},[334,58718,58720],{"href":58719},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[47,58722,1741],{"id":1740},[14,58724,8677,58725,26],{},[18,58726,57520],{},[819,58728,58730],{"id":58729},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58732,58733,58735],{},[18,58734,57520],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[52,58737,58739],{"className":54,"code":58738,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58740,58741,58774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58742,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58744,4298],{"class":67},[61,58746,72],{"class":71},[61,58748,76],{"class":75},[61,58750,215],{"class":214},[61,58752,58753],{"class":218},"apple pie",[61,58755,215],{"class":214},[61,58757,83],{"class":75},[61,58759,226],{"class":214},[61,58761,1040],{"class":218},[61,58763,215],{"class":214},[61,58765,83],{"class":75},[61,58767,226],{"class":214},[61,58769,58753],{"class":218},[61,58771,215],{"class":214},[61,58773,98],{"class":75},[61,58775,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58777,127],{"class":126},[61,58779,113],{"class":75},[61,58781,4340],{"class":116},[61,58783,26],{"class":75},[61,58785,41482],{"class":116},[61,58787,113],{"class":75},[61,58789,215],{"class":214},[61,58791,2042],{"class":218},[61,58793,215],{"class":214},[61,58795,5590],{"class":75},[61,58797,51470],{"class":3896},[14,58799,2731,58800,2735],{},[18,58801,582],{},[14,58803,29282,58804,58806,58807,26],{},[18,58805,58058],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58808,58809],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58811,58812,58813,26],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58814,58815],{},"str.count()",[819,58817,1864,58819,8685,58821,1881,58823],{"id":58818},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58820,57515],{},[18,58822,3837],{},[18,58824,3907],{},[14,58826,58827,58829],{},[18,58828,57515],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[52,58831,58833],{"className":54,"code":58832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58834,58835,58859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58836,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58838,68],{"class":67},[61,58840,72],{"class":71},[61,58842,76],{"class":75},[61,58844,80],{"class":79},[61,58846,83],{"class":75},[61,58848,86],{"class":79},[61,58850,83],{"class":75},[61,58852,86],{"class":79},[61,58854,83],{"class":75},[61,58856,95],{"class":79},[61,58858,98],{"class":75},[61,58860,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58862,127],{"class":126},[61,58864,113],{"class":75},[61,58866,117],{"class":116},[61,58868,26],{"class":75},[61,58870,41482],{"class":116},[61,58872,113],{"class":75},[61,58874,2310],{"class":79},[61,58876,5590],{"class":75},[61,58878,51638],{"class":3896},[14,58880,58881],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[52,58883,58885],{"className":54,"code":58884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58886,58887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58890,127],{"class":126},[61,58892,113],{"class":75},[61,58894,2310],{"class":79},[61,58896,1491],{"class":1490},[61,58898,4490],{"class":116},[61,58900,3893],{"class":75},[61,58902,3897],{"class":3896},[819,58904,58906],{"id":58905},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[52,58908,58910],{"className":54,"code":58909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58911,58912,58945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58913,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58941,58943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58915,5223],{"class":67},[61,58917,72],{"class":71},[61,58919,76],{"class":75},[61,58921,215],{"class":214},[61,58923,7908],{"class":218},[61,58925,215],{"class":214},[61,58927,83],{"class":75},[61,58929,226],{"class":214},[61,58931,20438],{"class":218},[61,58933,215],{"class":214},[61,58935,83],{"class":75},[61,58937,226],{"class":214},[61,58939,58940],{"class":218},"SAM",[61,58942,215],{"class":214},[61,58944,98],{"class":75},[61,58946,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,58948,127],{"class":126},[61,58950,113],{"class":75},[61,58952,5267],{"class":116},[61,58954,26],{"class":75},[61,58956,41482],{"class":116},[61,58958,113],{"class":75},[61,58960,215],{"class":214},[61,58962,20438],{"class":218},[61,58964,215],{"class":214},[61,58966,5590],{"class":75},[61,58968,28001],{"class":3896},[14,58970,58971,58972,58975],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58973,58974],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[819,58977,29871,58979,33770],{"id":58978},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58980,57515],{},[14,58982,58983],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[52,58985,58987],{"className":54,"code":58986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58988,58989,58999,59013,59031,59045,59057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,58990,58991,58993,58995,58997],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,58992,127],{"class":126},[61,58994,113],{"class":75},[61,58996,8569],{"class":116},[61,58998,120],{"class":75},[61,59000,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59002,127],{"class":126},[61,59004,113],{"class":75},[61,59006,648],{"class":109},[61,59008,113],{"class":75},[61,59010,8569],{"class":116},[61,59012,480],{"class":75},[61,59014,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59016,127],{"class":126},[61,59018,113],{"class":75},[61,59020,8569],{"class":116},[61,59022,26],{"class":75},[61,59024,41482],{"class":116},[61,59026,113],{"class":75},[61,59028,1783],{"class":116},[61,59030,480],{"class":75},[61,59032,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59034,127],{"class":126},[61,59036,113],{"class":75},[61,59038,1766],{"class":116},[61,59040,1433],{"class":1490},[61,59042,8626],{"class":116},[61,59044,120],{"class":75},[61,59046,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,59048,6186],{"class":1490},[61,59050,6189],{"class":67},[61,59052,1433],{"class":1490},[61,59054,8626],{"class":67},[61,59056,6621],{"class":75},[61,59058,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,59060,8299],{"class":126},[61,59062,113],{"class":75},[61,59064,42002],{"class":126},[61,59066,113],{"class":75},[61,59068,23531],{"class":116},[61,59070,480],{"class":75},[14,59072,59073],{},"These checks can help you see:",[34,59075,59076,59079,59082],{},[37,59077,59078],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[37,59080,59081],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[37,59083,59084],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59086,59087],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[34,59089,59090,59095,59098,59105],{},[37,59091,50715,59092,59094],{},[18,59093,57515],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[37,59096,59097],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[37,59099,11328,59100,59102,59103],{},[18,59101,57520],{}," with string ",[18,59104,57515],{},[37,59106,59107],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[47,59109,1987],{"id":1986},[819,59111,12927,59113,59115],{"id":59112},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,59114,57520],{}," change the list?",[14,59117,59118],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[819,59120,59122],{"id":59121},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59124,12133,59125,26],{},[18,59126,582],{},[819,59128,5398,59130,59132],{"id":59129},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,59131,57520],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59134,59135],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[819,59137,15124,59139,59141],{"id":59138},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,59140,57520],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59143,42375,59144,4621,59146,59148],{},[18,59145,58061],{},[18,59147,58058],{}," are different values.",[819,59150,2093,59152,59154,59155,2735],{"id":59151},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,59153,3837],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,59156,80],{},[14,59158,9014,59159,59161,59162,4621,59164,59161,59166,26],{},[18,59160,3837],{}," compares equal to ",[18,59163,80],{},[18,59165,3907],{},[18,59167,582],{},[47,59169,2144],{"id":2143},[34,59171,59172,59176,59182,59186,59194,59201],{},[37,59173,59174],{},[334,59175,52995],{"href":51203},[37,59177,59178],{},[334,59179,59181],{"href":59180},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[37,59183,59184],{},[334,59185,7165],{"href":6425},[37,59187,59188],{},[334,59189,55744,59191,10961],{"href":59190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,59192,59193],{},"index()",[37,59195,59196],{},[334,59197,3808,59199],{"href":59198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,59200,42584],{},[37,59202,59203],{},[334,59204,59205],{"href":58719},"What is a list in Python",[2169,59207,59208],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":59210},[59211,59212,59214,59215,59216,59222,59228,59230,59238,59249],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":57612,"depth":101,"text":59213},"What list.count() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":38240,"depth":101,"text":38241},{"id":57934,"depth":101,"text":57935,"children":59217},[59218,59219,59221],{"id":57966,"depth":123,"text":57967},{"id":58065,"depth":123,"text":59220},"1 and True can match",{"id":58164,"depth":123,"text":58165},{"id":58242,"depth":101,"text":58243,"children":59223},[59224,59225,59226,59227],{"id":58246,"depth":123,"text":58247},{"id":58325,"depth":123,"text":58326},{"id":58422,"depth":123,"text":58423},{"id":58497,"depth":123,"text":58498},{"id":58598,"depth":101,"text":59229},"When to use count()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":59231},[59232,59233,59235,59236],{"id":58729,"depth":123,"text":58730},{"id":58818,"depth":123,"text":59234},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58905,"depth":123,"text":58906},{"id":58978,"depth":123,"text":59237},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":59239},[59240,59242,59243,59245,59247],{"id":59112,"depth":123,"text":59241},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59121,"depth":123,"text":59122},{"id":59129,"depth":123,"text":59244},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59138,"depth":123,"text":59246},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59151,"depth":123,"text":59248},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57507,"description":59250},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59257,"title":59258,"body":59259,"description":61215,"extension":2216,"meta":61216,"navigation":271,"path":61217,"seo":61218,"stem":61219,"__hash__":61220},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59260,"toc":61178},[59261,59264,59267,59269,59397,59401,59482,59493,59495,59514,59518,59521,59524,59542,59544,59587,59591,59616,59625,59629,59634,59637,59754,59758,59827,59831,59843,59847,59850,59891,59895,59908,59911,59996,60000,60033,60040,60046,60051,60053,60065,60069,60102,60106,60138,60142,60179,60183,60203,60207,60240,60244,60273,60284,60288,60291,60294,60307,60364,60368,60407,60413,60416,60418,60421,60425,60428,60453,60455,60480,60487,60490,60535,60539,60558,60561,60600,60607,60612,60646,60650,60747,60754,60787,60791,60817,60821,60824,60862,60865,60902,60906,60909,60928,60930,60991,60993,61011,61015,61018,61021,61050,61052,61056,61059,61067,61071,61074,61094,61100,61106,61110,61113,61120,61128,61130,61169,61175],[10,59262,59258],{"id":59263},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59265,59266],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[47,59268,3842],{"id":3841},[52,59270,59272],{"className":54,"code":59271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59273,59274,59294,59326,59334,59352,59356,59366,59376,59387],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59275,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59277,68],{"class":67},[61,59279,72],{"class":71},[61,59281,76],{"class":75},[61,59283,80],{"class":79},[61,59285,83],{"class":75},[61,59287,86],{"class":79},[61,59289,83],{"class":75},[61,59291,95],{"class":79},[61,59293,98],{"class":75},[61,59295,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59297,5223],{"class":67},[61,59299,72],{"class":71},[61,59301,76],{"class":75},[61,59303,215],{"class":214},[61,59305,13104],{"class":218},[61,59307,215],{"class":214},[61,59309,83],{"class":75},[61,59311,226],{"class":214},[61,59313,36162],{"class":218},[61,59315,215],{"class":214},[61,59317,83],{"class":75},[61,59319,226],{"class":214},[61,59321,36171],{"class":218},[61,59323,215],{"class":214},[61,59325,98],{"class":75},[61,59327,59328,59330,59332],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59329,56155],{"class":67},[61,59331,72],{"class":71},[61,59333,8068],{"class":75},[61,59335,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59337,36312],{"class":67},[61,59339,72],{"class":71},[61,59341,22780],{"class":109},[61,59343,113],{"class":75},[61,59345,215],{"class":214},[61,59347,41783],{"class":218},[61,59349,215],{"class":214},[61,59351,120],{"class":75},[61,59353,59354],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,59355,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59357,59358,59360,59362,59364],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,59359,127],{"class":126},[61,59361,113],{"class":75},[61,59363,117],{"class":116},[61,59365,120],{"class":75},[61,59367,59368,59370,59372,59374],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,59369,127],{"class":126},[61,59371,113],{"class":75},[61,59373,5267],{"class":116},[61,59375,120],{"class":75},[61,59377,59378,59380,59382,59385],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,59379,127],{"class":126},[61,59381,113],{"class":75},[61,59383,59384],{"class":116},"empty_list",[61,59386,120],{"class":75},[61,59388,59389,59391,59393,59395],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,59390,127],{"class":126},[61,59392,113],{"class":75},[61,59394,36365],{"class":116},[61,59396,120],{"class":75},[14,59398,59399],{},[23,59400,139],{},[52,59402,59404],{"className":54,"code":59403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59405,59406,59422,59450,59454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59407,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59409,4129],{"class":75},[61,59411,80],{"class":79},[61,59413,83],{"class":75},[61,59415,86],{"class":79},[61,59417,83],{"class":75},[61,59419,95],{"class":79},[61,59421,98],{"class":75},[61,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59425,4129],{"class":75},[61,59427,299],{"class":214},[61,59429,13104],{"class":218},[61,59431,299],{"class":214},[61,59433,83],{"class":75},[61,59435,308],{"class":214},[61,59437,36162],{"class":218},[61,59439,299],{"class":214},[61,59441,83],{"class":75},[61,59443,308],{"class":214},[61,59445,36171],{"class":218},[61,59447,299],{"class":214},[61,59449,98],{"class":75},[61,59451,59452],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59453,38518],{"class":75},[61,59455,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59457,4129],{"class":75},[61,59459,299],{"class":214},[61,59461,334],{"class":218},[61,59463,299],{"class":214},[61,59465,83],{"class":75},[61,59467,308],{"class":214},[61,59469,765],{"class":218},[61,59471,299],{"class":214},[61,59473,83],{"class":75},[61,59475,308],{"class":214},[61,59477,9961],{"class":218},[61,59479,299],{"class":214},[61,59481,98],{"class":75},[14,59483,59484,59485,59487,59488,59490,59491,26],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59486,4021],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59489,1880],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59492,394],{},[47,59494,15384],{"id":15383},[34,59496,59497,59500,59503,59506,59511],{},[37,59498,59499],{},"What a list is in Python",[37,59501,59502],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[37,59504,59505],{},"How to create an empty list",[37,59507,59508,59509,2548],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59510,1880],{},[37,59512,59513],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[47,59515,59517],{"id":59516},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59519,59520],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59522,59523],{},"This means:",[34,59525,59526,59529,59532,59535],{},[37,59527,59528],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[37,59530,59531],{},"The order of items is kept",[37,59533,59534],{},"A list can hold different data types",[37,59536,59537,59538,59541],{},"A list is ",[23,59539,59540],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59543,197],{},[52,59545,59547],{"className":54,"code":59546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59548,59549,59573,59577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59550,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59552,1230],{"class":67},[61,59554,72],{"class":71},[61,59556,76],{"class":75},[61,59558,215],{"class":214},[61,59560,2042],{"class":218},[61,59562,215],{"class":214},[61,59564,83],{"class":75},[61,59566,457],{"class":79},[61,59568,83],{"class":75},[61,59570,4145],{"class":1523},[61,59572,98],{"class":75},[61,59574,59575],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59576,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59578,59579,59581,59583,59585],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59580,127],{"class":126},[61,59582,113],{"class":75},[61,59584,1267],{"class":116},[61,59586,120],{"class":75},[14,59588,59589],{},[23,59590,139],{},[52,59592,59594],{"className":54,"code":59593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59595,59596],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59597,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59599,4129],{"class":75},[61,59601,299],{"class":214},[61,59603,2042],{"class":218},[61,59605,299],{"class":214},[61,59607,83],{"class":75},[61,59609,457],{"class":79},[61,59611,83],{"class":75},[61,59613,4145],{"class":1523},[61,59615,98],{"class":75},[14,59617,59618,59619,1881,59622,26],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[334,59620,59621],{"href":51203},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[334,59623,59624],{"href":58719},"What is a List in Python?",[47,59626,59628],{"id":59627},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59630,59484,59631,59633],{},[18,59632,4021],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59635,59636],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[52,59638,59640],{"className":54,"code":59639,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59641,59642,59662,59694,59719,59723,59733,59743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59643,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59645,68],{"class":67},[61,59647,72],{"class":71},[61,59649,76],{"class":75},[61,59651,80],{"class":79},[61,59653,83],{"class":75},[61,59655,86],{"class":79},[61,59657,83],{"class":75},[61,59659,95],{"class":79},[61,59661,98],{"class":75},[61,59663,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59665,5223],{"class":67},[61,59667,72],{"class":71},[61,59669,76],{"class":75},[61,59671,215],{"class":214},[61,59673,13104],{"class":218},[61,59675,215],{"class":214},[61,59677,83],{"class":75},[61,59679,226],{"class":214},[61,59681,36162],{"class":218},[61,59683,215],{"class":214},[61,59685,83],{"class":75},[61,59687,226],{"class":214},[61,59689,36171],{"class":218},[61,59691,215],{"class":214},[61,59693,98],{"class":75},[61,59695,59696,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59697,59698],{"class":67},"mixed ",[61,59700,72],{"class":71},[61,59702,76],{"class":75},[61,59704,447],{"class":79},[61,59706,83],{"class":75},[61,59708,226],{"class":214},[61,59710,475],{"class":218},[61,59712,215],{"class":214},[61,59714,83],{"class":75},[61,59716,4136],{"class":1523},[61,59718,98],{"class":75},[61,59720,59721],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59722,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59724,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,59726,127],{"class":126},[61,59728,113],{"class":75},[61,59730,117],{"class":116},[61,59732,120],{"class":75},[61,59734,59735,59737,59739,59741],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,59736,127],{"class":126},[61,59738,113],{"class":75},[61,59740,5267],{"class":116},[61,59742,120],{"class":75},[61,59744,59745,59747,59749,59752],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,59746,127],{"class":126},[61,59748,113],{"class":75},[61,59750,59751],{"class":116},"mixed",[61,59753,120],{"class":75},[14,59755,59756],{},[23,59757,139],{},[52,59759,59761],{"className":54,"code":59760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59762,59763,59779,59807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59764,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59766,4129],{"class":75},[61,59768,80],{"class":79},[61,59770,83],{"class":75},[61,59772,86],{"class":79},[61,59774,83],{"class":75},[61,59776,95],{"class":79},[61,59778,98],{"class":75},[61,59780,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59782,4129],{"class":75},[61,59784,299],{"class":214},[61,59786,13104],{"class":218},[61,59788,299],{"class":214},[61,59790,83],{"class":75},[61,59792,308],{"class":214},[61,59794,36162],{"class":218},[61,59796,299],{"class":214},[61,59798,83],{"class":75},[61,59800,308],{"class":214},[61,59802,36171],{"class":218},[61,59804,299],{"class":214},[61,59806,98],{"class":75},[61,59808,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59810,4129],{"class":75},[61,59812,447],{"class":79},[61,59814,83],{"class":75},[61,59816,308],{"class":214},[61,59818,475],{"class":218},[61,59820,299],{"class":214},[61,59822,83],{"class":75},[61,59824,4136],{"class":1523},[61,59826,98],{"class":75},[819,59828,59830],{"id":59829},"key-points","Key points",[34,59832,59833,59838,59840],{},[37,59834,165,59835,59837],{},[18,59836,4021],{}," to make a new list",[37,59839,15654],{},[37,59841,59842],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[47,59844,59846],{"id":59845},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59848,59849],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[52,59851,59853],{"className":54,"code":59852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59854,59855,59863,59867,59877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59856,59857,59859,59861],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59858,8538],{"class":67},[61,59860,72],{"class":71},[61,59862,8068],{"class":75},[61,59864,59865],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59866,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59868,59869,59871,59873,59875],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59870,127],{"class":126},[61,59872,113],{"class":75},[61,59874,8569],{"class":116},[61,59876,120],{"class":75},[61,59878,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59880,127],{"class":126},[61,59882,113],{"class":75},[61,59884,1948],{"class":126},[61,59886,113],{"class":75},[61,59888,8569],{"class":116},[61,59890,480],{"class":75},[14,59892,59893],{},[23,59894,139],{},[52,59896,59898],{"className":54,"code":59897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[]\n0\n",[18,59899,59900,59904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59901,59902],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59903,38518],{"class":75},[61,59905,59906],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59907,47475],{"class":79},[14,59909,59910],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[52,59912,59914],{"className":54,"code":59913,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59915,59916,59924,59928,59946,59964,59982,59986],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,59917,59918,59920,59922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,59919,5223],{"class":67},[61,59921,72],{"class":71},[61,59923,8068],{"class":75},[61,59925,59926],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,59927,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59929,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,59931,5267],{"class":67},[61,59933,26],{"class":75},[61,59935,13775],{"class":116},[61,59937,113],{"class":75},[61,59939,215],{"class":214},[61,59941,13104],{"class":218},[61,59943,215],{"class":214},[61,59945,120],{"class":75},[61,59947,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,59949,5267],{"class":67},[61,59951,26],{"class":75},[61,59953,13775],{"class":116},[61,59955,113],{"class":75},[61,59957,215],{"class":214},[61,59959,36162],{"class":218},[61,59961,215],{"class":214},[61,59963,120],{"class":75},[61,59965,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,59967,5267],{"class":67},[61,59969,26],{"class":75},[61,59971,13775],{"class":116},[61,59973,113],{"class":75},[61,59975,215],{"class":214},[61,59977,36171],{"class":218},[61,59979,215],{"class":214},[61,59981,120],{"class":75},[61,59983,59984],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,59985,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,59987,59988,59990,59992,59994],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,59989,127],{"class":126},[61,59991,113],{"class":75},[61,59993,5267],{"class":116},[61,59995,120],{"class":75},[14,59997,59998],{},[23,59999,139],{},[52,60001,60003],{"className":54,"code":60002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,60004,60005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60006,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60008,4129],{"class":75},[61,60010,299],{"class":214},[61,60012,13104],{"class":218},[61,60014,299],{"class":214},[61,60016,83],{"class":75},[61,60018,308],{"class":214},[61,60020,36162],{"class":218},[61,60022,299],{"class":214},[61,60024,83],{"class":75},[61,60026,308],{"class":214},[61,60028,36171],{"class":218},[61,60030,299],{"class":214},[61,60032,98],{"class":75},[14,60034,60035,60036,26],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[334,60037,60038,10961],{"href":56993},[18,60039,52876],{},[47,60041,60043,60044],{"id":60042},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,60045,1880],{},[14,60047,165,60048,60050],{},[18,60049,1880],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,60052,5686],{},[34,60054,60055,60057,60059,60061],{},[37,60056,5538],{},[37,60058,5532],{},[37,60060,5535],{},[37,60062,60063],{},[18,60064,394],{},[819,60066,60068],{"id":60067},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[52,60070,60072],{"className":54,"code":60071,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,60073,60074,60092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60075,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60077,36312],{"class":67},[61,60079,72],{"class":71},[61,60081,22780],{"class":109},[61,60083,113],{"class":75},[61,60085,215],{"class":214},[61,60087,41783],{"class":218},[61,60089,215],{"class":214},[61,60091,120],{"class":75},[61,60093,60094,60096,60098,60100],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60095,127],{"class":126},[61,60097,113],{"class":75},[61,60099,36365],{"class":116},[61,60101,120],{"class":75},[14,60103,60104],{},[23,60105,139],{},[52,60107,60108],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,60109,60110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60111,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60113,4129],{"class":75},[61,60115,299],{"class":214},[61,60117,334],{"class":218},[61,60119,299],{"class":214},[61,60121,83],{"class":75},[61,60123,308],{"class":214},[61,60125,765],{"class":218},[61,60127,299],{"class":214},[61,60129,83],{"class":75},[61,60131,308],{"class":214},[61,60133,9961],{"class":218},[61,60135,299],{"class":214},[61,60137,98],{"class":75},[819,60139,60141],{"id":60140},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[52,60143,60145],{"className":54,"code":60144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,60146,60147,60169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60148,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60150,68],{"class":67},[61,60152,72],{"class":71},[61,60154,22780],{"class":109},[61,60156,444],{"class":75},[61,60158,80],{"class":79},[61,60160,83],{"class":75},[61,60162,86],{"class":79},[61,60164,83],{"class":75},[61,60166,95],{"class":79},[61,60168,480],{"class":75},[61,60170,60171,60173,60175,60177],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60172,127],{"class":126},[61,60174,113],{"class":75},[61,60176,117],{"class":116},[61,60178,120],{"class":75},[14,60180,60181],{},[23,60182,139],{},[52,60184,60185],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,60186,60187],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60188,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60190,4129],{"class":75},[61,60192,80],{"class":79},[61,60194,83],{"class":75},[61,60196,86],{"class":79},[61,60198,83],{"class":75},[61,60200,95],{"class":79},[61,60202,98],{"class":75},[819,60204,60206],{"id":60205},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[52,60208,60210],{"className":54,"code":60209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,60211,60212,60230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60213,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60215,937],{"class":67},[61,60217,72],{"class":71},[61,60219,22780],{"class":109},[61,60221,113],{"class":75},[61,60223,493],{"class":126},[61,60225,113],{"class":75},[61,60227,945],{"class":79},[61,60229,480],{"class":75},[61,60231,60232,60234,60236,60238],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60233,127],{"class":126},[61,60235,113],{"class":75},[61,60237,974],{"class":116},[61,60239,120],{"class":75},[14,60241,60242],{},[23,60243,139],{},[52,60245,60247],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60248,60249],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60250,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60252,4129],{"class":75},[61,60254,582],{"class":79},[61,60256,83],{"class":75},[61,60258,587],{"class":79},[61,60260,83],{"class":75},[61,60262,86],{"class":79},[61,60264,83],{"class":75},[61,60266,95],{"class":79},[61,60268,83],{"class":75},[61,60270,1178],{"class":79},[61,60272,98],{"class":75},[14,60274,60275,60277,60278,26],{},[18,60276,1880],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[334,60279,60281,60283],{"href":60280},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60282,1880],{},": Function Explained",[47,60285,60287],{"id":60286},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60289,60290],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60292,60293],{},"Examples include:",[34,60295,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304],{},[37,60297,5538],{},[37,60299,40646],{},[37,60301,52269],{},[37,60303,40816],{},[37,60305,60306],{},"other lists",[52,60308,60310],{"className":54,"code":60309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60311,60312,60350,60354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60313,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60315,9390],{"class":67},[61,60317,72],{"class":71},[61,60319,76],{"class":75},[61,60321,215],{"class":214},[61,60323,13104],{"class":218},[61,60325,215],{"class":214},[61,60327,83],{"class":75},[61,60329,9528],{"class":79},[61,60331,83],{"class":75},[61,60333,4145],{"class":1523},[61,60335,83],{"class":75},[61,60337,76],{"class":75},[61,60339,80],{"class":79},[61,60341,83],{"class":75},[61,60343,86],{"class":79},[61,60345,83],{"class":75},[61,60347,95],{"class":79},[61,60349,53466],{"class":75},[61,60351,60352],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60353,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,60355,60356,60358,60360,60362],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,60357,127],{"class":126},[61,60359,113],{"class":75},[61,60361,9429],{"class":116},[61,60363,120],{"class":75},[14,60365,60366],{},[23,60367,139],{},[52,60369,60371],{"className":54,"code":60370,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60372,60373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60374,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60376,4129],{"class":75},[61,60378,299],{"class":214},[61,60380,13104],{"class":218},[61,60382,299],{"class":214},[61,60384,83],{"class":75},[61,60386,9528],{"class":79},[61,60388,83],{"class":75},[61,60390,4145],{"class":1523},[61,60392,83],{"class":75},[61,60394,76],{"class":75},[61,60396,80],{"class":79},[61,60398,83],{"class":75},[61,60400,86],{"class":79},[61,60402,83],{"class":75},[61,60404,95],{"class":79},[61,60406,53466],{"class":75},[14,60408,60409,60410,26],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[23,60411,60412],{},"nested list",[14,60414,60415],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[47,60417,4747],{"id":4746},[14,60419,60420],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[819,60422,60424],{"id":60423},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60426,60427],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[52,60429,60431],{"className":54,"code":60430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60432,60433,60437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60434,60435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60436,4764],{"class":3896},[61,60438,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60440,68],{"class":67},[61,60442,72],{"class":71},[61,60444,76],{"class":75},[61,60446,80],{"class":79},[61,60448,86],{"class":79},[61,60450,95],{"class":79},[61,60452,98],{"class":75},[14,60454,11028],{},[52,60456,60458],{"className":54,"code":60457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60459,60460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60461,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60463,68],{"class":67},[61,60465,72],{"class":71},[61,60467,76],{"class":75},[61,60469,80],{"class":79},[61,60471,83],{"class":75},[61,60473,86],{"class":79},[61,60475,83],{"class":75},[61,60477,95],{"class":79},[61,60479,98],{"class":75},[819,60481,1750,60483,11313,60485],{"id":60482},"using-instead-of",[18,60484,7596],{},[18,60486,4021],{},[14,60488,60489],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[52,60491,60493],{"className":54,"code":60492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60494,60495,60516,60520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60496,60497,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60498,60499],{"class":67},"my_values ",[61,60501,72],{"class":71},[61,60503,942],{"class":75},[61,60505,80],{"class":79},[61,60507,83],{"class":75},[61,60509,86],{"class":79},[61,60511,83],{"class":75},[61,60513,95],{"class":79},[61,60515,120],{"class":75},[61,60517,60518],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60519,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,60521,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530,60533],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,60523,127],{"class":126},[61,60525,113],{"class":75},[61,60527,648],{"class":109},[61,60529,113],{"class":75},[61,60531,60532],{"class":116},"my_values",[61,60534,480],{"class":75},[14,60536,60537],{},[23,60538,139],{},[52,60540,60542],{"className":54,"code":60541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60543,60544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60545,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60547,672],{"class":71},[61,60549,676],{"class":675},[61,60551,308],{"class":214},[61,60553,386],{"class":218},[61,60555,299],{"class":214},[61,60557,685],{"class":71},[14,60559,60560],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[52,60562,60564],{"className":54,"code":60563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60565,60566,60586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60567,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60569,60499],{"class":67},[61,60571,72],{"class":71},[61,60573,76],{"class":75},[61,60575,80],{"class":79},[61,60577,83],{"class":75},[61,60579,86],{"class":79},[61,60581,83],{"class":75},[61,60583,95],{"class":79},[61,60585,98],{"class":75},[61,60587,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60589,127],{"class":126},[61,60591,113],{"class":75},[61,60593,648],{"class":109},[61,60595,113],{"class":75},[61,60597,60532],{"class":116},[61,60599,480],{"class":75},[819,60601,1864,60603,60606],{"id":60602},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60604,60605],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60608,60609,60611],{},[18,60610,1880],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[52,60613,60615],{"className":54,"code":60614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60616,60617,60636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60618,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60632,60634],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60620,869],{"class":67},[61,60622,72],{"class":71},[61,60624,22780],{"class":109},[61,60626,113],{"class":75},[61,60628,215],{"class":214},[61,60630,60631],{"class":218},"hello world",[61,60633,215],{"class":214},[61,60635,120],{"class":75},[61,60637,60638,60640,60642,60644],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60639,127],{"class":126},[61,60641,113],{"class":75},[61,60643,892],{"class":116},[61,60645,120],{"class":75},[14,60647,60648],{},[23,60649,139],{},[52,60651,60653],{"className":54,"code":60652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60654,60655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60656,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701,60703,60705,60707,60710,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60658,4129],{"class":75},[61,60660,299],{"class":214},[61,60662,544],{"class":218},[61,60664,299],{"class":214},[61,60666,83],{"class":75},[61,60668,308],{"class":214},[61,60670,553],{"class":218},[61,60672,299],{"class":214},[61,60674,83],{"class":75},[61,60676,308],{"class":214},[61,60678,562],{"class":218},[61,60680,299],{"class":214},[61,60682,83],{"class":75},[61,60684,308],{"class":214},[61,60686,562],{"class":218},[61,60688,299],{"class":214},[61,60690,83],{"class":75},[61,60692,308],{"class":214},[61,60694,571],{"class":218},[61,60696,299],{"class":214},[61,60698,83],{"class":75},[61,60700,308],{"class":214},[61,60702,308],{"class":214},[61,60704,83],{"class":75},[61,60706,308],{"class":214},[61,60708,60709],{"class":218},"w",[61,60711,299],{"class":214},[61,60713,83],{"class":75},[61,60715,308],{"class":214},[61,60717,571],{"class":218},[61,60719,299],{"class":214},[61,60721,83],{"class":75},[61,60723,308],{"class":214},[61,60725,60726],{"class":218},"r",[61,60728,299],{"class":214},[61,60730,83],{"class":75},[61,60732,308],{"class":214},[61,60734,562],{"class":218},[61,60736,299],{"class":214},[61,60738,83],{"class":75},[61,60740,308],{"class":214},[61,60742,18987],{"class":218},[61,60744,299],{"class":214},[61,60746,98],{"class":75},[14,60748,60749,60750,60753],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60751,60752],{},"split()"," instead:",[52,60755,60757],{"className":54,"code":60756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60758,60759,60777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60760,60761,60763,60765,60767,60769,60771,60773,60775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60762,4298],{"class":67},[61,60764,72],{"class":71},[61,60766,226],{"class":214},[61,60768,60631],{"class":218},[61,60770,215],{"class":214},[61,60772,26],{"class":75},[61,60774,34691],{"class":116},[61,60776,628],{"class":75},[61,60778,60779,60781,60783,60785],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60780,127],{"class":126},[61,60782,113],{"class":75},[61,60784,4340],{"class":116},[61,60786,120],{"class":75},[14,60788,60789],{},[23,60790,139],{},[52,60792,60794],{"className":54,"code":60793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60795,60796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60797,60798,60800,60802,60804,60806,60808,60810,60813,60815],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60799,4129],{"class":75},[61,60801,299],{"class":214},[61,60803,475],{"class":218},[61,60805,299],{"class":214},[61,60807,83],{"class":75},[61,60809,308],{"class":214},[61,60811,60812],{"class":218},"world",[61,60814,299],{"class":214},[61,60816,98],{"class":75},[819,60818,60820],{"id":60819},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60822,60823],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[52,60825,60827],{"className":54,"code":60826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60828,60829,60833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60830,60831],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60832,4764],{"class":3896},[61,60834,60835,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60854,60856,60858,60860],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60836,5223],{"class":67},[61,60838,72],{"class":71},[61,60840,76],{"class":75},[61,60842,215],{"class":214},[61,60844,13104],{"class":218},[61,60846,215],{"class":214},[61,60848,83],{"class":75},[61,60850,226],{"class":214},[61,60852,60853],{"class":218},"Ben', ",[61,60855,215],{"class":214},[61,60857,36171],{"class":67},[61,60859,215],{"class":214},[61,60861,98],{"class":218},[14,60863,60864],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[52,60866,60868],{"className":54,"code":60867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60869,60870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60871,60872,60874,60876,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60873,5223],{"class":67},[61,60875,72],{"class":71},[61,60877,76],{"class":75},[61,60879,215],{"class":214},[61,60881,13104],{"class":218},[61,60883,215],{"class":214},[61,60885,83],{"class":75},[61,60887,226],{"class":214},[61,60889,36162],{"class":218},[61,60891,215],{"class":214},[61,60893,83],{"class":75},[61,60895,226],{"class":214},[61,60897,36171],{"class":218},[61,60899,215],{"class":214},[61,60901,98],{"class":75},[819,60903,60905],{"id":60904},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60907,60908],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[34,60910,60911,60914,60917,60922],{},[37,60912,60913],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[37,60915,60916],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[37,60918,60919,60920],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60921,1880],{},[37,60923,1864,60924,60927],{},[18,60925,60926],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[819,60929,1891],{"id":1890},[52,60931,60933],{"className":54,"code":60932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60934,60935,60945,60959,60973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,60936,60937,60939,60941,60943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,60938,127],{"class":126},[61,60940,113],{"class":75},[61,60942,8569],{"class":116},[61,60944,120],{"class":75},[61,60946,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955,60957],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,60948,127],{"class":126},[61,60950,113],{"class":75},[61,60952,648],{"class":109},[61,60954,113],{"class":75},[61,60956,8569],{"class":116},[61,60958,480],{"class":75},[61,60960,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969,60971],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,60962,127],{"class":126},[61,60964,113],{"class":75},[61,60966,1948],{"class":126},[61,60968,113],{"class":75},[61,60970,8569],{"class":116},[61,60972,480],{"class":75},[61,60974,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60987,60989],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,60976,127],{"class":126},[61,60978,113],{"class":75},[61,60980,383],{"class":109},[61,60982,113],{"class":75},[61,60984,493],{"class":126},[61,60986,113],{"class":75},[61,60988,945],{"class":79},[61,60990,460],{"class":75},[14,60992,26229],{},[34,60994,60995,60998,61001,61004],{},[37,60996,60997],{},"what the list contains",[37,60999,61000],{},"whether the value is really a list",[37,61002,61003],{},"how many items it has",[37,61005,26240,61006,61008,61009],{},[18,61007,1880],{}," does with ",[18,61010,394],{},[47,61012,61014],{"id":61013},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,61016,61017],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,61019,61020],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[34,61022,61023,61038,61043],{},[37,61024,165,61025,2437,61029,17293,61033,61037],{},[334,61026,61027],{"href":56993},[18,61028,52876],{},[334,61030,61031],{"href":53568},[18,61032,53670],{},[334,61034,61035],{"href":54132},[18,61036,54492],{}," to add items later",[37,61039,165,61040,61042],{},[334,61041,59621],{"href":51203}," for a broader introduction",[37,61044,165,61045,61049],{},[334,61046,61047,60283],{"href":60280},[18,61048,1880],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[47,61051,1987],{"id":1986},[819,61053,61055],{"id":61054},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61057,61058],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[52,61060,61061],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,61062,61063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61064,61065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61066,38518],{"class":75},[819,61068,61070],{"id":61069},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61072,61073],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[52,61075,61076],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,61077,61078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61079,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61081,4129],{"class":75},[61,61083,80],{"class":79},[61,61085,83],{"class":75},[61,61087,86],{"class":79},[61,61089,83],{"class":75},[61,61091,95],{"class":79},[61,61093,98],{"class":75},[819,61095,5371,61097,61099],{"id":61096},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,61098,1880],{}," do in Python?",[14,61101,61102,61103,61105],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,61104,394],{},", into a list.",[819,61107,61109],{"id":61108},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61111,61112],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[819,61114,5408,61116,4621,61118,2735],{"id":61115},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,61117,4021],{},[18,61119,7596],{},[14,61121,61122,61124,61125,61127],{},[18,61123,4021],{}," creates a list. ",[18,61126,7596],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[47,61129,2144],{"id":2143},[34,61131,61132,61136,61142,61148,61154,61160,61164],{},[37,61133,61134],{},[334,61135,59621],{"href":51203},[37,61137,61138],{},[334,61139,55744,61140,11542],{"href":56993},[18,61141,52876],{},[37,61143,61144],{},[334,61145,55744,61146,11542],{"href":53568},[18,61147,53670],{},[37,61149,61150],{},[334,61151,55744,61152,11542],{"href":54132},[18,61153,54492],{},[37,61155,61156],{},[334,61157,3808,61158,3812],{"href":60280},[18,61159,1880],{},[37,61161,61162],{},[334,61163,59624],{"href":58719},[37,61165,61166],{},[334,61167,61168],{"href":12287},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61170,61171,61172,61174],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,61173,52876],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2169,61176,61177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":61179},[61180,61181,61182,61183,61186,61187,61193,61194,61204,61205,61214],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":59516,"depth":101,"text":59517},{"id":59627,"depth":101,"text":59628,"children":61184},[61185],{"id":59829,"depth":123,"text":59830},{"id":59845,"depth":101,"text":59846},{"id":60042,"depth":101,"text":61188,"children":61189},"Create a list with list()",[61190,61191,61192],{"id":60067,"depth":123,"text":60068},{"id":60140,"depth":123,"text":60141},{"id":60205,"depth":123,"text":60206},{"id":60286,"depth":101,"text":60287},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":61195},[61196,61197,61199,61201,61202,61203],{"id":60423,"depth":123,"text":60424},{"id":60482,"depth":123,"text":61198},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60602,"depth":123,"text":61200},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60819,"depth":123,"text":60820},{"id":60904,"depth":123,"text":60905},{"id":1890,"depth":123,"text":1891},{"id":61013,"depth":101,"text":61014},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":61206},[61207,61208,61209,61211,61212],{"id":61054,"depth":123,"text":61055},{"id":61069,"depth":123,"text":61070},{"id":61096,"depth":123,"text":61210},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61108,"depth":123,"text":61109},{"id":61115,"depth":123,"text":61213},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59258,"description":61215},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61222,"title":61223,"body":61224,"description":62964,"extension":2216,"meta":62965,"navigation":271,"path":62966,"seo":62967,"stem":62968,"__hash__":62969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61225,"toc":62919},[61226,61231,61236,61239,61241,61312,61317,61322,61326,61340,61345,61347,61367,61372,61375,61397,61401,61406,61498,61500,61522,61528,61534,61541,61548,61554,61611,61617,61675,61677,61689,61697,61703,61708,61712,61769,61772,61776,61835,61838,61842,61900,61912,61916,61969,61972,61976,61982,61988,62050,62053,62114,62117,62173,62178,62180,62184,62191,62252,62257,62266,62322,62329,62333,62391,62400,62458,62462,62497,62501,62511,62514,62569,62583,62586,62701,62706,62710,62721,62723,62802,62812,62814,62819,62824,62831,62839,62845,62848,62854,62857,62863,62869,62871,62907,62916],[10,61227,54566,61229,11542],{"id":61228},"python-list-extend-method",[18,61230,53670],{},[14,61232,61233,61235],{},[18,61234,53571],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61237,61238],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[47,61240,50],{"id":49},[52,61242,61244],{"className":54,"code":61243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61245,61246,61262,61279,61283,61298,61308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61247,61248,61250,61252,61254,61256,61258,61260],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61249,68],{"class":67},[61,61251,72],{"class":71},[61,61253,76],{"class":75},[61,61255,80],{"class":79},[61,61257,83],{"class":75},[61,61259,86],{"class":79},[61,61261,98],{"class":75},[61,61263,61264,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61265,61266],{"class":67},"more_numbers ",[61,61268,72],{"class":71},[61,61270,76],{"class":75},[61,61272,1321],{"class":79},[61,61274,83],{"class":75},[61,61276,1178],{"class":79},[61,61278,98],{"class":75},[61,61280,61281],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61282,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61284,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61296],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61286,117],{"class":67},[61,61288,26],{"class":75},[61,61290,53700],{"class":116},[61,61292,113],{"class":75},[61,61294,61295],{"class":116},"more_numbers",[61,61297,120],{"class":75},[61,61299,61300,61302,61304,61306],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61301,127],{"class":126},[61,61303,113],{"class":75},[61,61305,117],{"class":116},[61,61307,120],{"class":75},[61,61309,61310],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,61311,52947],{"class":3896},[14,61313,165,61314,61316],{},[18,61315,53670],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[47,61318,3911,61320,3914],{"id":61319},"what-listextend-does",[18,61321,53571],{},[14,61323,61324,378],{},[18,61325,53670],{},[34,61327,61328,61331,61333,61336],{},[37,61329,61330],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[37,61332,54652],{},[37,61334,61335],{},"Does not create a new list",[37,61337,11644,61338],{},[18,61339,4012],{},[14,61341,61342,61343,54025],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61344,53670],{},[47,61346,341],{"id":340},[52,61348,61350],{"className":54,"code":61349,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61351,61352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61353,61354,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61355,61356],{"class":67},"list_name",[61,61358,26],{"class":75},[61,61360,53700],{"class":116},[61,61362,113],{"class":75},[61,61364,359],{"class":116},[61,61366,120],{"class":75},[14,61368,5681,61369,61371],{},[23,61370,359],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61373,61374],{},"Common iterables include:",[34,61376,61377,61381,61385,61389,61393],{},[37,61378,61379],{},[18,61380,383],{},[37,61382,61383],{},[18,61384,386],{},[37,61386,61387],{},[18,61388,354],{},[37,61390,61391],{},[18,61392,389],{},[37,61394,61395],{},[18,61396,493],{},[47,61398,61400],{"id":61399},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61402,61403,61404,378],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61405,53670],{},[52,61407,61409],{"className":54,"code":61408,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61410,61411,61435,61460,61464,61479,61483,61493],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61412,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61414,36460],{"class":67},[61,61416,72],{"class":71},[61,61418,76],{"class":75},[61,61420,215],{"class":214},[61,61422,2042],{"class":218},[61,61424,215],{"class":214},[61,61426,83],{"class":75},[61,61428,226],{"class":214},[61,61430,1040],{"class":218},[61,61432,215],{"class":214},[61,61434,98],{"class":75},[61,61436,61437,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61438,61439],{"class":67},"more_fruits ",[61,61441,72],{"class":71},[61,61443,76],{"class":75},[61,61445,215],{"class":214},[61,61447,33442],{"class":218},[61,61449,215],{"class":214},[61,61451,83],{"class":75},[61,61453,226],{"class":214},[61,61455,22753],{"class":218},[61,61457,215],{"class":214},[61,61459,98],{"class":75},[61,61461,61462],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61463,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61477],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61467,36512],{"class":67},[61,61469,26],{"class":75},[61,61471,53700],{"class":116},[61,61473,113],{"class":75},[61,61475,61476],{"class":116},"more_fruits",[61,61478,120],{"class":75},[61,61480,61481],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61482,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61484,61485,61487,61489,61491],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,61486,127],{"class":126},[61,61488,113],{"class":75},[61,61490,36512],{"class":116},[61,61492,120],{"class":75},[61,61494,61495],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,61496,61497],{"class":3896},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61499,11905],{},[34,61501,61502,61507,61512],{},[37,61503,61504,61506],{},[18,61505,36512],{}," starts with two items",[37,61508,61509,61511],{},[18,61510,61476],{}," has two more items",[37,61513,61514,61516,61517,61519,61520],{},[18,61515,53670],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61518,61476],{}," to ",[18,61521,36512],{},[14,61523,61524,61525,61527],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61526,36512],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61529,54791,61530,4621,61532,26],{},[334,61531,52995],{"href":51203},[334,61533,57379],{"href":57378},[47,61535,61537,10806,61539],{"id":61536},"extend-vs-append",[18,61538,53670],{},[18,61540,52876],{},[14,61542,61543,4621,61545,61547],{},[18,61544,53670],{},[18,61546,52876],{}," are often confused.",[819,61549,61551,61553],{"id":61550},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61552,53670],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[52,61555,61557],{"className":54,"code":61556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61558,61559,61575,61593,61597,61607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61560,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61562,68],{"class":67},[61,61564,72],{"class":71},[61,61566,76],{"class":75},[61,61568,80],{"class":79},[61,61570,83],{"class":75},[61,61572,86],{"class":79},[61,61574,98],{"class":75},[61,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61578,117],{"class":67},[61,61580,26],{"class":75},[61,61582,53700],{"class":116},[61,61584,416],{"class":75},[61,61586,1321],{"class":79},[61,61588,83],{"class":75},[61,61590,1178],{"class":79},[61,61592,1474],{"class":75},[61,61594,61595],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61596,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61598,61599,61601,61603,61605],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61600,127],{"class":126},[61,61602,113],{"class":75},[61,61604,117],{"class":116},[61,61606,120],{"class":75},[61,61608,61609],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61610,52947],{"class":3896},[819,61612,61614,61616],{"id":61613},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61615,52876],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[52,61618,61620],{"className":54,"code":61619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61621,61622,61638,61656,61660,61670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61623,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61625,68],{"class":67},[61,61627,72],{"class":71},[61,61629,76],{"class":75},[61,61631,80],{"class":79},[61,61633,83],{"class":75},[61,61635,86],{"class":79},[61,61637,98],{"class":75},[61,61639,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61641,117],{"class":67},[61,61643,26],{"class":75},[61,61645,13775],{"class":116},[61,61647,416],{"class":75},[61,61649,1321],{"class":79},[61,61651,83],{"class":75},[61,61653,1178],{"class":79},[61,61655,1474],{"class":75},[61,61657,61658],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61659,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61661,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61663,127],{"class":126},[61,61665,113],{"class":75},[61,61667,117],{"class":116},[61,61669,120],{"class":75},[61,61671,61672],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61673,61674],{"class":3896},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61676,18914],{},[34,61678,61679,61684],{},[37,61680,61681,61683],{},[18,61682,53670],{}," to combine values",[37,61685,61686,61688],{},[18,61687,52876],{}," to add one item",[14,61690,42316,61691,4621,61695,26],{},[334,61692,55744,61693,10961],{"href":56993},[18,61694,52876],{},[334,61696,53273],{"href":53272},[47,61698,1750,61700,61702],{"id":61699},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61701,53670],{}," with different iterables",[14,61704,61705,61707],{},[18,61706,53670],{}," works with more than just lists.",[819,61709,61711],{"id":61710},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[52,61713,61715],{"className":54,"code":61714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61716,61717,61733,61751,61755,61765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61720,937],{"class":67},[61,61722,72],{"class":71},[61,61724,76],{"class":75},[61,61726,80],{"class":79},[61,61728,83],{"class":75},[61,61730,86],{"class":79},[61,61732,98],{"class":75},[61,61734,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61736,974],{"class":67},[61,61738,26],{"class":75},[61,61740,53700],{"class":116},[61,61742,444],{"class":75},[61,61744,1321],{"class":79},[61,61746,83],{"class":75},[61,61748,1178],{"class":79},[61,61750,480],{"class":75},[61,61752,61753],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61754,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61756,61757,61759,61761,61763],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61758,127],{"class":126},[61,61760,113],{"class":75},[61,61762,974],{"class":116},[61,61764,120],{"class":75},[61,61766,61767],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61768,52947],{"class":3896},[14,61770,61771],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[819,61773,61775],{"id":61774},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[52,61777,61779],{"className":54,"code":61778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61780,61781,61797,61816,61820,61830],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61782,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61784,36312],{"class":67},[61,61786,72],{"class":71},[61,61788,76],{"class":75},[61,61790,215],{"class":214},[61,61792,334],{"class":218},[61,61794,215],{"class":214},[61,61796,98],{"class":75},[61,61798,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61812,61814],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61800,36365],{"class":67},[61,61802,26],{"class":75},[61,61804,53700],{"class":116},[61,61806,113],{"class":75},[61,61808,215],{"class":214},[61,61810,61811],{"class":218},"bc",[61,61813,215],{"class":214},[61,61815,120],{"class":75},[61,61817,61818],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61819,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61821,61822,61824,61826,61828],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61823,127],{"class":126},[61,61825,113],{"class":75},[61,61827,36365],{"class":116},[61,61829,120],{"class":75},[61,61831,61832],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61833,61834],{"class":3896},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61836,61837],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[819,61839,61841],{"id":61840},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[52,61843,61845],{"className":54,"code":61844,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61846,61847,61859,61881,61885,61895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61848,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61850,68],{"class":67},[61,61852,72],{"class":71},[61,61854,76],{"class":75},[61,61856,582],{"class":79},[61,61858,98],{"class":75},[61,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61862,117],{"class":67},[61,61864,26],{"class":75},[61,61866,53700],{"class":116},[61,61868,113],{"class":75},[61,61870,493],{"class":126},[61,61872,113],{"class":75},[61,61874,80],{"class":79},[61,61876,83],{"class":75},[61,61878,1178],{"class":79},[61,61880,480],{"class":75},[61,61882,61883],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61884,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61886,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61888,127],{"class":126},[61,61890,113],{"class":75},[61,61892,117],{"class":116},[61,61894,120],{"class":75},[61,61896,61897],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,61898,61899],{"class":3896},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61901,61902,61905,61906,2437,61908,17293,61910,26],{},[18,61903,61904],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61907,80],{},[18,61909,2310],{},[18,61911,1321],{},[819,61913,61915],{"id":61914},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[52,61917,61919],{"className":54,"code":61918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61920,61921,61937,61955,61959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61924,1230],{"class":67},[61,61926,72],{"class":71},[61,61928,76],{"class":75},[61,61930,80],{"class":79},[61,61932,83],{"class":75},[61,61934,86],{"class":79},[61,61936,98],{"class":75},[61,61938,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,61940,1267],{"class":67},[61,61942,26],{"class":75},[61,61944,53700],{"class":116},[61,61946,5757],{"class":75},[61,61948,1321],{"class":79},[61,61950,83],{"class":75},[61,61952,1178],{"class":79},[61,61954,30717],{"class":75},[61,61956,61957],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,61958,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,61960,61961,61963,61965,61967],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,61962,127],{"class":126},[61,61964,113],{"class":75},[61,61966,1267],{"class":116},[61,61968,120],{"class":75},[14,61970,61971],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[47,61973,61975],{"id":61974},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61977,61978,2642,61980,26],{},[18,61979,53670],{},[18,61981,4012],{},[14,61983,61984,61985,378],{},"That means this is ",[23,61986,61987],{},"wrong",[52,61989,61991],{"className":54,"code":61990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61992,61993,62009,62031,62035,62045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,61994,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,61996,68],{"class":67},[61,61998,72],{"class":71},[61,62000,76],{"class":75},[61,62002,80],{"class":79},[61,62004,83],{"class":75},[61,62006,86],{"class":79},[61,62008,98],{"class":75},[61,62010,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62012,869],{"class":67},[61,62014,72],{"class":71},[61,62016,4490],{"class":67},[61,62018,26],{"class":75},[61,62020,53700],{"class":116},[61,62022,416],{"class":75},[61,62024,1321],{"class":79},[61,62026,83],{"class":75},[61,62028,1178],{"class":79},[61,62030,1474],{"class":75},[61,62032,62033],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62034,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62036,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62038,127],{"class":126},[61,62040,113],{"class":75},[61,62042,892],{"class":116},[61,62044,120],{"class":75},[61,62046,62047],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62048,62049],{"class":3896},"# None\n",[14,62051,62052],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[52,62054,62056],{"className":54,"code":62055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62057,62058,62074,62096,62100,62110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62061,68],{"class":67},[61,62063,72],{"class":71},[61,62065,76],{"class":75},[61,62067,80],{"class":79},[61,62069,83],{"class":75},[61,62071,86],{"class":79},[61,62073,98],{"class":75},[61,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62077,68],{"class":67},[61,62079,72],{"class":71},[61,62081,4490],{"class":67},[61,62083,26],{"class":75},[61,62085,53700],{"class":116},[61,62087,416],{"class":75},[61,62089,1321],{"class":79},[61,62091,83],{"class":75},[61,62093,1178],{"class":79},[61,62095,1474],{"class":75},[61,62097,62098],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62099,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62103,127],{"class":126},[61,62105,113],{"class":75},[61,62107,117],{"class":116},[61,62109,120],{"class":75},[61,62111,62112],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62113,62049],{"class":3896},[14,62115,62116],{},"The correct way is:",[52,62118,62119],{"className":54,"code":61556,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62120,62121,62137,62155,62159,62169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62122,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62124,68],{"class":67},[61,62126,72],{"class":71},[61,62128,76],{"class":75},[61,62130,80],{"class":79},[61,62132,83],{"class":75},[61,62134,86],{"class":79},[61,62136,98],{"class":75},[61,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62140,117],{"class":67},[61,62142,26],{"class":75},[61,62144,53700],{"class":116},[61,62146,416],{"class":75},[61,62148,1321],{"class":79},[61,62150,83],{"class":75},[61,62152,1178],{"class":79},[61,62154,1474],{"class":75},[61,62156,62157],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62158,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62162,127],{"class":126},[61,62164,113],{"class":75},[61,62166,117],{"class":116},[61,62168,120],{"class":75},[61,62170,62171],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62172,52947],{"class":3896},[14,62174,56133,62175,62177],{},[18,62176,53670],{}," first, then use the original list.",[47,62179,4747],{"id":4746},[14,62181,14954,62182,26],{},[18,62183,53670],{},[819,62185,62187,62188,62190],{"id":62186},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,62189,53670],{}," to return a new list",[52,62192,62194],{"className":54,"code":62193,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62195,62196,62212,62234,62238,62248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62199,68],{"class":67},[61,62201,72],{"class":71},[61,62203,76],{"class":75},[61,62205,80],{"class":79},[61,62207,83],{"class":75},[61,62209,86],{"class":79},[61,62211,98],{"class":75},[61,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62215,55866],{"class":67},[61,62217,72],{"class":71},[61,62219,4490],{"class":67},[61,62221,26],{"class":75},[61,62223,53700],{"class":116},[61,62225,416],{"class":75},[61,62227,1321],{"class":79},[61,62229,83],{"class":75},[61,62231,1178],{"class":79},[61,62233,1474],{"class":75},[61,62235,62236],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62237,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62241,127],{"class":126},[61,62243,113],{"class":75},[61,62245,55885],{"class":116},[61,62247,120],{"class":75},[61,62249,62250],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62251,62049],{"class":3896},[14,62253,62254,62255,26],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62256,53670],{},[819,62258,62260,62261,44853,62263,62265],{"id":62259},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62262,52876],{},[18,62264,53670],{}," is needed",[52,62267,62268],{"className":54,"code":61619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,62269,62270,62286,62304,62308,62318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62273,68],{"class":67},[61,62275,72],{"class":71},[61,62277,76],{"class":75},[61,62279,80],{"class":79},[61,62281,83],{"class":75},[61,62283,86],{"class":79},[61,62285,98],{"class":75},[61,62287,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62289,117],{"class":67},[61,62291,26],{"class":75},[61,62293,13775],{"class":116},[61,62295,416],{"class":75},[61,62297,1321],{"class":79},[61,62299,83],{"class":75},[61,62301,1178],{"class":79},[61,62303,1474],{"class":75},[61,62305,62306],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62307,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62311,127],{"class":126},[61,62313,113],{"class":75},[61,62315,117],{"class":116},[61,62317,120],{"class":75},[61,62319,62320],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62321,61674],{"class":3896},[14,62323,62324,62325,54115,62327,6860],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62326,54114],{},[18,62328,53670],{},[819,62330,62332],{"id":62331},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[52,62334,62336],{"className":54,"code":62335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62337,62338,62354,62372,62376,62386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62339,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62341,4298],{"class":67},[61,62343,72],{"class":71},[61,62345,76],{"class":75},[61,62347,215],{"class":214},[61,62349,475],{"class":218},[61,62351,215],{"class":214},[61,62353,98],{"class":75},[61,62355,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62357,4340],{"class":67},[61,62359,26],{"class":75},[61,62361,53700],{"class":116},[61,62363,113],{"class":75},[61,62365,215],{"class":214},[61,62367,60812],{"class":218},[61,62369,215],{"class":214},[61,62371,120],{"class":75},[61,62373,62374],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62375,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62377,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62379,127],{"class":126},[61,62381,113],{"class":75},[61,62383,4340],{"class":116},[61,62385,120],{"class":75},[61,62387,62388],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62389,62390],{"class":3896},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62392,62393,62394,62397,62398,378],{},"If you want ",[18,62395,62396],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62399,52876],{},[52,62401,62403],{"className":54,"code":62402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62404,62405,62421,62439,62443,62453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62406,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62408,4298],{"class":67},[61,62410,72],{"class":71},[61,62412,76],{"class":75},[61,62414,215],{"class":214},[61,62416,475],{"class":218},[61,62418,215],{"class":214},[61,62420,98],{"class":75},[61,62422,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62424,4340],{"class":67},[61,62426,26],{"class":75},[61,62428,13775],{"class":116},[61,62430,113],{"class":75},[61,62432,215],{"class":214},[61,62434,60812],{"class":218},[61,62436,215],{"class":214},[61,62438,120],{"class":75},[61,62440,62441],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62442,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62444,62445,62447,62449,62451],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62446,127],{"class":126},[61,62448,113],{"class":75},[61,62450,4340],{"class":116},[61,62452,120],{"class":75},[61,62454,62455],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62456,62457],{"class":3896},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[819,62459,62461],{"id":62460},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[52,62463,62465],{"className":54,"code":62464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62466,62467,62483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62468,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62470,68],{"class":67},[61,62472,72],{"class":71},[61,62474,76],{"class":75},[61,62476,80],{"class":79},[61,62478,83],{"class":75},[61,62480,86],{"class":79},[61,62482,98],{"class":75},[61,62484,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62486,117],{"class":67},[61,62488,26],{"class":75},[61,62490,53700],{"class":116},[61,62492,113],{"class":75},[61,62494,945],{"class":79},[61,62496,120],{"class":75},[14,62498,39875,62499,6780],{},[18,62500,945],{},[14,62502,62503,62504,62506,62507,62510],{},"You will get a ",[18,62505,1334],{},". See ",[334,62508,62509],{"href":52823},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62512,62513],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[52,62515,62517],{"className":54,"code":62516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62518,62519,62529,62543,62555],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62520,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62522,127],{"class":126},[61,62524,113],{"class":75},[61,62526,8569],{"class":116},[61,62528,120],{"class":75},[61,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62532,127],{"class":126},[61,62534,113],{"class":75},[61,62536,648],{"class":109},[61,62538,113],{"class":75},[61,62540,974],{"class":116},[61,62542,480],{"class":75},[61,62544,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62546,127],{"class":126},[61,62548,113],{"class":75},[61,62550,892],{"class":116},[61,62552,3893],{"class":75},[61,62554,120],{"class":67},[61,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62558,32373],{"class":126},[61,62560,113],{"class":75},[61,62562,383],{"class":109},[61,62564,26],{"class":75},[61,62566,53700],{"class":24971},[61,62568,120],{"class":75},[43804,62570,62571],{},[14,62572,62573,62574,62577,62578,62580,62581,26],{},"Note: ",[18,62575,62576],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62579,3893],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62582,33248],{},[14,62584,62585],{},"Correct debugging example:",[52,62587,62589],{"className":54,"code":62588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62590,62591,62607,62623,62627,62641,62645,62653,62663,62677,62687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62592,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62594,8538],{"class":67},[61,62596,72],{"class":71},[61,62598,76],{"class":75},[61,62600,80],{"class":79},[61,62602,83],{"class":75},[61,62604,86],{"class":79},[61,62606,98],{"class":75},[61,62608,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62610,937],{"class":67},[61,62612,72],{"class":71},[61,62614,76],{"class":75},[61,62616,1321],{"class":79},[61,62618,83],{"class":75},[61,62620,1178],{"class":79},[61,62622,98],{"class":75},[61,62624,62625],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62626,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62630,8569],{"class":67},[61,62632,26],{"class":75},[61,62634,53700],{"class":116},[61,62636,113],{"class":75},[61,62638,974],{"class":116},[61,62640,120],{"class":75},[61,62642,62643],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62644,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62646,62647,62649,62651],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,62648,869],{"class":67},[61,62650,72],{"class":71},[61,62652,48751],{"class":1523},[61,62654,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,62656,127],{"class":126},[61,62658,113],{"class":75},[61,62660,8569],{"class":116},[61,62662,120],{"class":75},[61,62664,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,62666,127],{"class":126},[61,62668,113],{"class":75},[61,62670,648],{"class":109},[61,62672,113],{"class":75},[61,62674,974],{"class":116},[61,62676,480],{"class":75},[61,62678,62679,62681,62683,62685],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,62680,127],{"class":126},[61,62682,113],{"class":75},[61,62684,892],{"class":116},[61,62686,120],{"class":75},[61,62688,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,62690,32373],{"class":126},[61,62692,113],{"class":75},[61,62694,383],{"class":109},[61,62696,26],{"class":75},[61,62698,53700],{"class":24971},[61,62700,120],{"class":75},[47,62702,5189,62704],{"id":62703},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62705,53670],{},[14,62707,165,62708,6545],{},[18,62709,53670],{},[34,62711,62712,62715,62718],{},[37,62713,62714],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[37,62716,62717],{},"Add multiple values at once",[37,62719,62720],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62722,5701],{},[52,62724,62726],{"className":54,"code":62725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62727,62728,62745,62763,62767,62783,62787,62797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,62729,62730,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,62731,62732],{"class":67},"all_scores ",[61,62734,72],{"class":71},[61,62736,76],{"class":75},[61,62738,13724],{"class":79},[61,62740,83],{"class":75},[61,62742,13729],{"class":79},[61,62744,98],{"class":75},[61,62746,62747,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62761],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,62748,62749],{"class":67},"new_scores ",[61,62751,72],{"class":71},[61,62753,76],{"class":75},[61,62755,51728],{"class":79},[61,62757,83],{"class":75},[61,62759,62760],{"class":79}," 92",[61,62762,98],{"class":75},[61,62764,62765],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,62766,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62768,62769,62772,62774,62776,62778,62781],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,62770,62771],{"class":67},"all_scores",[61,62773,26],{"class":75},[61,62775,53700],{"class":116},[61,62777,113],{"class":75},[61,62779,62780],{"class":116},"new_scores",[61,62782,120],{"class":75},[61,62784,62785],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,62786,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,62788,62789,62791,62793,62795],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,62790,127],{"class":126},[61,62792,113],{"class":75},[61,62794,62771],{"class":116},[61,62796,120],{"class":75},[61,62798,62799],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,62800,62801],{"class":3896},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62803,62804,62805,62807,62808,26],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62806,52876],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[334,62809,55744,62810,10961],{"href":54132},[18,62811,54492],{},[47,62813,1987],{"id":1986},[819,62815,12927,62817,55693],{"id":62816},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62818,53571],{},[14,62820,62821,62822,26],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62823,4012],{},[819,62825,5408,62827,4621,62829,2735],{"id":62826},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62828,53670],{},[18,62830,52876],{},[14,62832,62833,62835,62836,62838],{},[18,62834,53670],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62837,52876],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[819,62840,28550,62842,62844],{"id":62841},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62843,53670],{}," with a string?",[14,62846,62847],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[819,62849,28550,62851,62853],{"id":62850},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62852,53670],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62855,62856],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[819,62858,62860,62861,2735],{"id":62859},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62862,53670],{},[14,62864,62865,62866,62868],{},"You get a ",[18,62867,1334],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[47,62870,2144],{"id":2143},[34,62872,62873,62879,62883,62887,62891,62897,62901],{},[37,62874,62875],{},[334,62876,55744,62877,10961],{"href":56993},[18,62878,52876],{},[37,62880,62881],{},[334,62882,54502],{"href":53272},[37,62884,62885],{},[334,62886,57453],{"href":57378},[37,62888,62889],{},[334,62890,52995],{"href":51203},[37,62892,62893],{},[334,62894,55744,62895,10961],{"href":54132},[18,62896,54492],{},[37,62898,62899],{},[334,62900,62509],{"href":52823},[37,62902,62903],{},[334,62904,55744,62905,10961],{"href":55184},[18,62906,13000],{},[14,62908,62909,62910,62912,62913,62915],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62911,52876],{},", when to use ",[18,62914,54492],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2169,62917,62918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":62920},[62921,62922,62924,62925,62926,62933,62940,62941,62949,62951,62963],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":61319,"depth":101,"text":62923},"What list.extend() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":61399,"depth":101,"text":61400},{"id":61536,"depth":101,"text":62927,"children":62928},"extend() vs append()",[62929,62931],{"id":61550,"depth":123,"text":62930},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61613,"depth":123,"text":62932},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61699,"depth":101,"text":62934,"children":62935},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62936,62937,62938,62939],{"id":61710,"depth":123,"text":61711},{"id":61774,"depth":123,"text":61775},{"id":61840,"depth":123,"text":61841},{"id":61914,"depth":123,"text":61915},{"id":61974,"depth":101,"text":61975},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":62942},[62943,62945,62947,62948],{"id":62186,"depth":123,"text":62944},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62259,"depth":123,"text":62946},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62331,"depth":123,"text":62332},{"id":62460,"depth":123,"text":62461},{"id":62703,"depth":101,"text":62950},"When to use extend()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":62952},[62953,62955,62957,62959,62961],{"id":62816,"depth":123,"text":62954},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62826,"depth":123,"text":62956},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62841,"depth":123,"text":62958},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62850,"depth":123,"text":62960},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62859,"depth":123,"text":62962},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61223,"description":62964},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62971,"title":62972,"body":62973,"description":65064,"extension":2216,"meta":65065,"navigation":271,"path":603,"seo":65066,"stem":65067,"__hash__":65068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62974,"toc":65027},[62975,62978,62983,62989,63000,63006,63008,63077,63079,63128,63136,63140,63145,63148,63159,63164,63166,63168,63189,63202,63205,63218,63220,63225,63250,63252,63260,63263,63332,63334,63358,63364,63368,63372,63408,63410,63430,63437,63441,63474,63476,63510,63515,63519,63552,63554,63582,63590,63594,63631,63633,63654,63657,63661,63730,63732,63756,63762,63769,63773,63776,63778,63792,63795,63819,63821,63846,63849,63868,63870,63896,63905,63909,63916,63993,63995,64036,64042,64048,64139,64141,64197,64200,64205,64209,64214,64218,64277,64279,64304,64308,64371,64373,64398,64402,64465,64467,64510,64513,64517,64521,64543,64547,64629,64631,64666,64674,64676,64680,64684,64686,64713,64718,64720,64747,64754,64757,64780,64782,64831,64834,64837,64856,64860,64863,64914,64917,64923,64927,64932,64935,64937,64943,64952,64956,64962,64966,64969,64973,64976,64980,64986,64988,65024],[10,62976,62972],{"id":62977},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62979,16,62980,62982],{},[18,62981,1880],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62984,62985,62986,62988],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62987,1880],{}," for two main reasons:",[34,62990,62991,62994],{},[37,62992,62993],{},"to make an empty list",[37,62995,62996,62997,62999],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62998,493],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,63001,63002,63003,63005],{},"This page explains how ",[18,63004,1880],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[47,63007,50],{"id":49},[52,63009,63011],{"className":54,"code":63010,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63012,63013,63035,63053,63057,63067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63014,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63016,68],{"class":67},[61,63018,72],{"class":71},[61,63020,22780],{"class":109},[61,63022,444],{"class":75},[61,63024,80],{"class":79},[61,63026,83],{"class":75},[61,63028,86],{"class":79},[61,63030,83],{"class":75},[61,63032,95],{"class":79},[61,63034,480],{"class":75},[61,63036,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63038,36312],{"class":67},[61,63040,72],{"class":71},[61,63042,22780],{"class":109},[61,63044,113],{"class":75},[61,63046,215],{"class":214},[61,63048,41783],{"class":218},[61,63050,215],{"class":214},[61,63052,120],{"class":75},[61,63054,63055],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,63056,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,63058,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,63060,127],{"class":126},[61,63062,113],{"class":75},[61,63064,117],{"class":116},[61,63066,120],{"class":75},[61,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,63070,127],{"class":126},[61,63072,113],{"class":75},[61,63074,36365],{"class":116},[61,63076,120],{"class":75},[14,63078,139],{},[52,63080,63082],{"className":54,"code":63081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,63083,63084,63100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63087,4129],{"class":75},[61,63089,80],{"class":79},[61,63091,83],{"class":75},[61,63093,86],{"class":79},[61,63095,83],{"class":75},[61,63097,95],{"class":79},[61,63099,98],{"class":75},[61,63101,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63103,4129],{"class":75},[61,63105,299],{"class":214},[61,63107,334],{"class":218},[61,63109,299],{"class":214},[61,63111,83],{"class":75},[61,63113,308],{"class":214},[61,63115,765],{"class":218},[61,63117,299],{"class":214},[61,63119,83],{"class":75},[61,63121,308],{"class":214},[61,63123,9961],{"class":218},[61,63125,299],{"class":214},[61,63127,98],{"class":75},[14,63129,165,63130,63132,63133,63135],{},[18,63131,1880],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,63134,493],{},", set, or dictionary.",[47,63137,63139],{"id":63138},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63141,63142,63144],{},[18,63143,1880],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63146,63147],{},"It can:",[34,63149,63150,63153,63156],{},[37,63151,63152],{},"create a new list object",[37,63154,63155],{},"make an empty list",[37,63157,63158],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63160,63161,63162,26],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[334,63163,52995],{"href":51203},[47,63165,341],{"id":340},[14,63167,26708],{},[52,63169,63171],{"className":54,"code":63170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,63172,63173,63179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63174,63175,63177],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63176,383],{"class":109},[61,63178,628],{"class":75},[61,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63182,383],{"class":109},[61,63184,113],{"class":75},[61,63186,359],{"class":116},[61,63188,120],{"class":75},[34,63190,63191,63196],{},[37,63192,63193,63195],{},[18,63194,1880],{}," makes an empty list",[37,63197,63198,63201],{},[18,63199,63200],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63203,63204],{},"Common iterable values include:",[34,63206,63207,63209,63211,63213,63216],{},[37,63208,5538],{},[37,63210,5532],{},[37,63212,5535],{},[37,63214,63215],{},"ranges",[37,63217,7481],{},[47,63219,59846],{"id":59845},[14,63221,165,63222,63224],{},[18,63223,1880],{}," with no arguments:",[52,63226,63228],{"className":54,"code":63227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,63229,63230,63240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63231,63232,63234,63236,63238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63233,1230],{"class":67},[61,63235,72],{"class":71},[61,63237,22780],{"class":109},[61,63239,628],{"class":75},[61,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63243,127],{"class":126},[61,63245,113],{"class":75},[61,63247,1267],{"class":116},[61,63249,120],{"class":75},[14,63251,139],{},[52,63253,63254],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63255,63256],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63257,63258],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63259,38518],{"class":75},[14,63261,63262],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[52,63264,63266],{"className":54,"code":63265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,63267,63268,63278,63282,63300,63318,63322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63271,1230],{"class":67},[61,63273,72],{"class":71},[61,63275,22780],{"class":109},[61,63277,628],{"class":75},[61,63279,63280],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63281,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,63285,1267],{"class":67},[61,63287,26],{"class":75},[61,63289,13775],{"class":116},[61,63291,113],{"class":75},[61,63293,215],{"class":214},[61,63295,2042],{"class":218},[61,63297,215],{"class":214},[61,63299,120],{"class":75},[61,63301,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,63303,1267],{"class":67},[61,63305,26],{"class":75},[61,63307,13775],{"class":116},[61,63309,113],{"class":75},[61,63311,215],{"class":214},[61,63313,1040],{"class":218},[61,63315,215],{"class":214},[61,63317,120],{"class":75},[61,63319,63320],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,63321,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,63325,127],{"class":126},[61,63327,113],{"class":75},[61,63329,1267],{"class":116},[61,63331,120],{"class":75},[14,63333,139],{},[52,63335,63336],{"className":54,"code":38644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63337,63338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63339,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63341,4129],{"class":75},[61,63343,299],{"class":214},[61,63345,2042],{"class":218},[61,63347,299],{"class":214},[61,63349,83],{"class":75},[61,63351,308],{"class":214},[61,63353,1040],{"class":218},[61,63355,299],{"class":214},[61,63357,98],{"class":75},[14,63359,63360,63361,63363],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63362,4021],{},". Both are valid.",[47,63365,63367],{"id":63366},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[819,63369,63371],{"id":63370},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[52,63373,63374],{"className":54,"code":60144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63375,63376,63398],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63377,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63379,68],{"class":67},[61,63381,72],{"class":71},[61,63383,22780],{"class":109},[61,63385,444],{"class":75},[61,63387,80],{"class":79},[61,63389,83],{"class":75},[61,63391,86],{"class":79},[61,63393,83],{"class":75},[61,63395,95],{"class":79},[61,63397,480],{"class":75},[61,63399,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63401,127],{"class":126},[61,63403,113],{"class":75},[61,63405,117],{"class":116},[61,63407,120],{"class":75},[14,63409,139],{},[52,63411,63412],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63413,63414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63417,4129],{"class":75},[61,63419,80],{"class":79},[61,63421,83],{"class":75},[61,63423,86],{"class":79},[61,63425,83],{"class":75},[61,63427,95],{"class":79},[61,63429,98],{"class":75},[14,63431,63432,63433,26],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[334,63434,63436],{"href":63435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[819,63438,63440],{"id":63439},"string-to-list","String to list",[52,63442,63444],{"className":54,"code":63443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63445,63446,63464],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63447,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63449,36312],{"class":67},[61,63451,72],{"class":71},[61,63453,22780],{"class":109},[61,63455,113],{"class":75},[61,63457,215],{"class":214},[61,63459,37269],{"class":218},[61,63461,215],{"class":214},[61,63463,120],{"class":75},[61,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63467,127],{"class":126},[61,63469,113],{"class":75},[61,63471,36365],{"class":116},[61,63473,120],{"class":75},[14,63475,139],{},[52,63477,63479],{"className":54,"code":63478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63480,63481],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63482,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63506,63508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63484,4129],{"class":75},[61,63486,299],{"class":214},[61,63488,9961],{"class":218},[61,63490,299],{"class":214},[61,63492,83],{"class":75},[61,63494,308],{"class":214},[61,63496,334],{"class":218},[61,63498,299],{"class":214},[61,63500,83],{"class":75},[61,63502,308],{"class":214},[61,63504,63505],{"class":218},"t",[61,63507,299],{"class":214},[61,63509,98],{"class":75},[14,63511,63512,63514],{},[18,63513,1880],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[819,63516,63518],{"id":63517},"range-to-list","Range to list",[52,63520,63522],{"className":54,"code":63521,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63523,63524,63542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63527,68],{"class":67},[61,63529,72],{"class":71},[61,63531,22780],{"class":109},[61,63533,113],{"class":75},[61,63535,493],{"class":126},[61,63537,113],{"class":75},[61,63539,945],{"class":79},[61,63541,480],{"class":75},[61,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63545,127],{"class":126},[61,63547,113],{"class":75},[61,63549,117],{"class":116},[61,63551,120],{"class":75},[14,63553,139],{},[52,63555,63556],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63557,63558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63559,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63561,4129],{"class":75},[61,63563,582],{"class":79},[61,63565,83],{"class":75},[61,63567,587],{"class":79},[61,63569,83],{"class":75},[61,63571,86],{"class":79},[61,63573,83],{"class":75},[61,63575,95],{"class":79},[61,63577,83],{"class":75},[61,63579,1178],{"class":79},[61,63581,98],{"class":75},[14,63583,63584,63585,63589],{},"This is common when working with ",[334,63586,63587],{"href":36417},[18,63588,394],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[819,63591,63593],{"id":63592},"set-to-list","Set to list",[52,63595,63597],{"className":54,"code":63596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63598,63599,63621],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63602,937],{"class":67},[61,63604,72],{"class":71},[61,63606,22780],{"class":109},[61,63608,5757],{"class":75},[61,63610,447],{"class":79},[61,63612,83],{"class":75},[61,63614,452],{"class":79},[61,63616,83],{"class":75},[61,63618,8025],{"class":79},[61,63620,30717],{"class":75},[61,63622,63623,63625,63627,63629],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63624,127],{"class":126},[61,63626,113],{"class":75},[61,63628,974],{"class":116},[61,63630,120],{"class":75},[14,63632,17179],{},[52,63634,63636],{"className":54,"code":63635,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63637,63638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63639,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63641,4129],{"class":75},[61,63643,447],{"class":79},[61,63645,83],{"class":75},[61,63647,452],{"class":79},[61,63649,83],{"class":75},[61,63651,8025],{"class":79},[61,63653,98],{"class":75},[14,63655,63656],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[819,63658,63660],{"id":63659},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[52,63662,63664],{"className":54,"code":63663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63665,63666,63702,63716,63720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63669,13426],{"class":67},[61,63671,72],{"class":71},[61,63673,1235],{"class":75},[61,63675,215],{"class":214},[61,63677,7899],{"class":218},[61,63679,215],{"class":214},[61,63681,378],{"class":75},[61,63683,226],{"class":214},[61,63685,13104],{"class":218},[61,63687,215],{"class":214},[61,63689,83],{"class":75},[61,63691,226],{"class":214},[61,63693,9521],{"class":218},[61,63695,215],{"class":214},[61,63697,378],{"class":75},[61,63699,9528],{"class":79},[61,63701,162],{"class":75},[61,63703,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63705,869],{"class":67},[61,63707,72],{"class":71},[61,63709,22780],{"class":109},[61,63711,113],{"class":75},[61,63713,17528],{"class":116},[61,63715,120],{"class":75},[61,63717,63718],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,63719,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,63721,63722,63724,63726,63728],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,63723,127],{"class":126},[61,63725,113],{"class":75},[61,63727,892],{"class":116},[61,63729,120],{"class":75},[14,63731,139],{},[52,63733,63734],{"className":54,"code":25701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,63735,63736],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63737,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63739,4129],{"class":75},[61,63741,299],{"class":214},[61,63743,7899],{"class":218},[61,63745,299],{"class":214},[61,63747,83],{"class":75},[61,63749,308],{"class":214},[61,63751,9521],{"class":218},[61,63753,299],{"class":214},[61,63755,98],{"class":75},[14,63757,63758,63759,63761],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63760,1880],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63763,63764,63765,26],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[334,63766,63768],{"href":63767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[47,63770,63772],{"id":63771},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63774,63775],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63777,61374],{},[34,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790],{},[37,63781,5529],{},[37,63783,5532],{},[37,63785,5538],{},[37,63787,5535],{},[37,63789,63215],{},[37,63791,7481],{},[14,63793,63794],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[52,63796,63798],{"className":54,"code":63797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63799,63800],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63801,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63815,63817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63803,127],{"class":126},[61,63805,113],{"class":75},[61,63807,383],{"class":109},[61,63809,113],{"class":75},[61,63811,215],{"class":214},[61,63813,63814],{"class":218},"hi",[61,63816,215],{"class":214},[61,63818,480],{"class":75},[14,63820,139],{},[52,63822,63824],{"className":54,"code":63823,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63825,63826],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63827,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63829,4129],{"class":75},[61,63831,299],{"class":214},[61,63833,544],{"class":218},[61,63835,299],{"class":214},[61,63837,83],{"class":75},[61,63839,308],{"class":214},[61,63841,36376],{"class":218},[61,63843,299],{"class":214},[61,63845,98],{"class":75},[14,63847,63848],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[52,63850,63852],{"className":54,"code":63851,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63853,63854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63857,127],{"class":126},[61,63859,113],{"class":75},[61,63861,383],{"class":109},[61,63863,113],{"class":75},[61,63865,945],{"class":79},[61,63867,480],{"class":75},[14,63869,139],{},[52,63871,63873],{"className":54,"code":63872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63874,63875],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63878,1334],{"class":109},[61,63880,378],{"class":75},[61,63882,308],{"class":214},[61,63884,1203],{"class":218},[61,63886,299],{"class":214},[61,63888,24838],{"class":109},[61,63890,8326],{"class":71},[61,63892,8329],{"class":71},[61,63894,63895],{"class":67}," iterable\n",[14,63897,63898,63899,63901,63902,26],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[334,63900,5365],{"href":5814},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[334,63903,63904],{"href":52823},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[47,63906,63908],{"id":63907},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63910,63911,63912,63915],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63913,63914],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[52,63917,63919],{"className":54,"code":63918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63920,63921,63941,63955,63959,63969,63979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,63922,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,63924,12308],{"class":67},[61,63926,72],{"class":71},[61,63928,76],{"class":75},[61,63930,80],{"class":79},[61,63932,83],{"class":75},[61,63934,86],{"class":79},[61,63936,83],{"class":75},[61,63938,95],{"class":79},[61,63940,98],{"class":75},[61,63942,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,63944,14532],{"class":67},[61,63946,72],{"class":71},[61,63948,22780],{"class":109},[61,63950,113],{"class":75},[61,63952,12355],{"class":116},[61,63954,120],{"class":75},[61,63956,63957],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,63958,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,63960,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,63962,127],{"class":126},[61,63964,113],{"class":75},[61,63966,12355],{"class":116},[61,63968,120],{"class":75},[61,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,63972,127],{"class":126},[61,63974,113],{"class":75},[61,63976,14551],{"class":116},[61,63978,120],{"class":75},[61,63980,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,63982,127],{"class":126},[61,63984,113],{"class":75},[61,63986,12308],{"class":116},[61,63988,12416],{"class":1490},[61,63990,14605],{"class":116},[61,63992,120],{"class":75},[14,63994,139],{},[52,63996,63998],{"className":54,"code":63997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63999,64000,64016,64032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64003,4129],{"class":75},[61,64005,80],{"class":79},[61,64007,83],{"class":75},[61,64009,86],{"class":79},[61,64011,83],{"class":75},[61,64013,95],{"class":79},[61,64015,98],{"class":75},[61,64017,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64019,4129],{"class":75},[61,64021,80],{"class":79},[61,64023,83],{"class":75},[61,64025,86],{"class":79},[61,64027,83],{"class":75},[61,64029,95],{"class":79},[61,64031,98],{"class":75},[61,64033,64034],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,64035,1529],{"class":1523},[14,64037,64038,64039,64041],{},"This means ",[18,64040,14551],{}," is a different list object.",[14,64043,64044,64045,64047],{},"However, this is only a ",[23,64046,13074],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[52,64049,64051],{"className":54,"code":64050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,64052,64053,64079,64093,64097,64115,64119,64129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64054,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64056,12308],{"class":67},[61,64058,72],{"class":71},[61,64060,56518],{"class":75},[61,64062,80],{"class":79},[61,64064,83],{"class":75},[61,64066,86],{"class":79},[61,64068,1316],{"class":75},[61,64070,76],{"class":75},[61,64072,1321],{"class":79},[61,64074,83],{"class":75},[61,64076,1178],{"class":79},[61,64078,53466],{"class":75},[61,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64082,14532],{"class":67},[61,64084,72],{"class":71},[61,64086,22780],{"class":109},[61,64088,113],{"class":75},[61,64090,12355],{"class":116},[61,64092,120],{"class":75},[61,64094,64095],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,64096,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,64098,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,64100,14551],{"class":67},[61,64102,4129],{"class":75},[61,64104,582],{"class":79},[61,64106,13772],{"class":75},[61,64108,13775],{"class":116},[61,64110,113],{"class":75},[61,64112,56571],{"class":79},[61,64114,120],{"class":75},[61,64116,64117],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,64118,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,64120,64121,64123,64125,64127],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,64122,127],{"class":126},[61,64124,113],{"class":75},[61,64126,12355],{"class":116},[61,64128,120],{"class":75},[61,64130,64131,64133,64135,64137],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,64132,127],{"class":126},[61,64134,113],{"class":75},[61,64136,14551],{"class":116},[61,64138,120],{"class":75},[14,64140,139],{},[52,64142,64143],{"className":54,"code":56602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,64144,64145,64171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64146,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64148,56609],{"class":75},[61,64150,80],{"class":79},[61,64152,83],{"class":75},[61,64154,86],{"class":79},[61,64156,83],{"class":75},[61,64158,10418],{"class":79},[61,64160,1316],{"class":75},[61,64162,76],{"class":75},[61,64164,1321],{"class":79},[61,64166,83],{"class":75},[61,64168,1178],{"class":79},[61,64170,53466],{"class":75},[61,64172,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64174,56609],{"class":75},[61,64176,80],{"class":79},[61,64178,83],{"class":75},[61,64180,86],{"class":79},[61,64182,83],{"class":75},[61,64184,10418],{"class":79},[61,64186,1316],{"class":75},[61,64188,76],{"class":75},[61,64190,1321],{"class":79},[61,64192,83],{"class":75},[61,64194,1178],{"class":79},[61,64196,53466],{"class":75},[14,64198,64199],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64201,64202,64203,26],{},"For more on this, see ",[334,64204,14012],{"href":14011},[47,64206,64208],{"id":64207},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64210,64211,64212,26],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,64213,1880],{},[819,64215,64217],{"id":64216},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[52,64219,64221],{"className":54,"code":64220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,64222,64223,64263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64224,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64226,13087],{"class":67},[61,64228,72],{"class":71},[61,64230,1235],{"class":75},[61,64232,215],{"class":214},[61,64234,7899],{"class":218},[61,64236,215],{"class":214},[61,64238,378],{"class":75},[61,64240,226],{"class":214},[61,64242,8151],{"class":218},[61,64244,215],{"class":214},[61,64246,83],{"class":75},[61,64248,226],{"class":214},[61,64250,20111],{"class":218},[61,64252,215],{"class":214},[61,64254,378],{"class":75},[61,64256,226],{"class":214},[61,64258,22465],{"class":218},[61,64260,215],{"class":214},[61,64262,162],{"class":75},[61,64264,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64266,127],{"class":126},[61,64268,113],{"class":75},[61,64270,383],{"class":109},[61,64272,113],{"class":75},[61,64274,13848],{"class":116},[61,64276,480],{"class":75},[14,64278,139],{},[52,64280,64282],{"className":54,"code":64281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64283,64284],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64287,4129],{"class":75},[61,64289,299],{"class":214},[61,64291,7899],{"class":218},[61,64293,299],{"class":214},[61,64295,83],{"class":75},[61,64297,308],{"class":214},[61,64299,20111],{"class":218},[61,64301,299],{"class":214},[61,64303,98],{"class":75},[819,64305,64307],{"id":64306},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[52,64309,64311],{"className":54,"code":64310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64312,64313,64353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64314,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64316,13087],{"class":67},[61,64318,72],{"class":71},[61,64320,1235],{"class":75},[61,64322,215],{"class":214},[61,64324,7899],{"class":218},[61,64326,215],{"class":214},[61,64328,378],{"class":75},[61,64330,226],{"class":214},[61,64332,8151],{"class":218},[61,64334,215],{"class":214},[61,64336,83],{"class":75},[61,64338,226],{"class":214},[61,64340,20111],{"class":218},[61,64342,215],{"class":214},[61,64344,378],{"class":75},[61,64346,226],{"class":214},[61,64348,22465],{"class":218},[61,64350,215],{"class":214},[61,64352,162],{"class":75},[61,64354,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64356,127],{"class":126},[61,64358,113],{"class":75},[61,64360,383],{"class":109},[61,64362,113],{"class":75},[61,64364,13848],{"class":116},[61,64366,26],{"class":75},[61,64368,974],{"class":116},[61,64370,6517],{"class":75},[14,64372,139],{},[52,64374,64376],{"className":54,"code":64375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64377,64378],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64379,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64381,4129],{"class":75},[61,64383,299],{"class":214},[61,64385,8151],{"class":218},[61,64387,299],{"class":214},[61,64389,83],{"class":75},[61,64391,308],{"class":214},[61,64393,22465],{"class":218},[61,64395,299],{"class":214},[61,64397,98],{"class":75},[819,64399,64401],{"id":64400},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[52,64403,64405],{"className":54,"code":64404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64406,64407,64447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64410,13087],{"class":67},[61,64412,72],{"class":71},[61,64414,1235],{"class":75},[61,64416,215],{"class":214},[61,64418,7899],{"class":218},[61,64420,215],{"class":214},[61,64422,378],{"class":75},[61,64424,226],{"class":214},[61,64426,8151],{"class":218},[61,64428,215],{"class":214},[61,64430,83],{"class":75},[61,64432,226],{"class":214},[61,64434,20111],{"class":218},[61,64436,215],{"class":214},[61,64438,378],{"class":75},[61,64440,226],{"class":214},[61,64442,22465],{"class":218},[61,64444,215],{"class":214},[61,64446,162],{"class":75},[61,64448,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64450,127],{"class":126},[61,64452,113],{"class":75},[61,64454,383],{"class":109},[61,64456,113],{"class":75},[61,64458,13848],{"class":116},[61,64460,26],{"class":75},[61,64462,1267],{"class":116},[61,64464,6517],{"class":75},[14,64466,139],{},[52,64468,64470],{"className":54,"code":64469,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64471,64472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64473,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64475,21960],{"class":75},[61,64477,299],{"class":214},[61,64479,7899],{"class":218},[61,64481,299],{"class":214},[61,64483,83],{"class":75},[61,64485,308],{"class":214},[61,64487,8151],{"class":218},[61,64489,299],{"class":214},[61,64491,1362],{"class":75},[61,64493,942],{"class":75},[61,64495,299],{"class":214},[61,64497,20111],{"class":218},[61,64499,299],{"class":214},[61,64501,83],{"class":75},[61,64503,308],{"class":214},[61,64505,22465],{"class":218},[61,64507,299],{"class":214},[61,64509,9472],{"class":75},[14,64511,64512],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[47,64514,64516],{"id":64515},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64518,165,64519,1422],{},[18,64520,1880],{},[34,64522,64523,64531,64540],{},[37,64524,64525,64526,1881,64528],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64527,52876],{},[18,64529,64530],{},"sort()",[37,64532,64533,64534,1881,64536,64539],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64535,394],{},[18,64537,64538],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[37,64541,64542],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64544,46264,64545,378],{},[18,64546,64538],{},[52,64548,64550],{"className":54,"code":64549,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64551,64552,64576,64592,64596,64619],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64553,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64555,5223],{"class":67},[61,64557,72],{"class":71},[61,64559,76],{"class":75},[61,64561,215],{"class":214},[61,64563,13104],{"class":218},[61,64565,215],{"class":214},[61,64567,83],{"class":75},[61,64569,226],{"class":214},[61,64571,36162],{"class":218},[61,64573,215],{"class":214},[61,64575,98],{"class":75},[61,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64579,5292],{"class":67},[61,64581,72],{"class":71},[61,64583,76],{"class":75},[61,64585,13724],{"class":79},[61,64587,83],{"class":75},[61,64589,13729],{"class":79},[61,64591,98],{"class":75},[61,64593,64594],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,64595,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,64597,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,64599,9440],{"class":67},[61,64601,72],{"class":71},[61,64603,22780],{"class":109},[61,64605,113],{"class":75},[61,64607,64608],{"class":126},"zip",[61,64610,113],{"class":75},[61,64612,5267],{"class":116},[61,64614,83],{"class":75},[61,64616,5339],{"class":116},[61,64618,480],{"class":75},[61,64620,64621,64623,64625,64627],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,64622,127],{"class":126},[61,64624,113],{"class":75},[61,64626,9485],{"class":116},[61,64628,120],{"class":75},[14,64630,139],{},[52,64632,64634],{"className":54,"code":64633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64635,64636],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64637,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64639,21960],{"class":75},[61,64641,299],{"class":214},[61,64643,13104],{"class":218},[61,64645,299],{"class":214},[61,64647,83],{"class":75},[61,64649,20118],{"class":79},[61,64651,1362],{"class":75},[61,64653,942],{"class":75},[61,64655,299],{"class":214},[61,64657,36162],{"class":218},[61,64659,299],{"class":214},[61,64661,83],{"class":75},[61,64663,13729],{"class":79},[61,64665,9472],{"class":75},[14,64667,64668,64669,64671,64672,26],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64670,52876],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[334,64673,53273],{"href":53272},[47,64675,4747],{"id":4746},[14,64677,57000,64678,26],{},[18,64679,1880],{},[819,64681,64683],{"id":64682},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64685,4754],{},[52,64687,64689],{"className":54,"code":64688,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64690,64691,64695],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64692,64693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64694,4764],{"class":3896},[61,64696,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64698,383],{"class":109},[61,64700,113],{"class":75},[61,64702,80],{"class":79},[61,64704,83],{"class":75},[61,64706,86],{"class":79},[61,64708,83],{"class":75},[61,64710,95],{"class":79},[61,64712,120],{"class":75},[14,64714,64715,64717],{},[18,64716,1880],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64719,18914],{},[52,64721,64723],{"className":54,"code":64722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64724,64725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64728,127],{"class":126},[61,64730,113],{"class":75},[61,64732,383],{"class":109},[61,64734,444],{"class":75},[61,64736,80],{"class":79},[61,64738,83],{"class":75},[61,64740,86],{"class":79},[61,64742,83],{"class":75},[61,64744,95],{"class":79},[61,64746,460],{"class":75},[819,64748,64750,64751],{"id":64749},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[61,64752,64753],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64755,64756],{},"This is a common surprise:",[52,64758,64760],{"className":54,"code":64759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64761,64762],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64765,127],{"class":126},[61,64767,113],{"class":75},[61,64769,383],{"class":109},[61,64771,113],{"class":75},[61,64773,215],{"class":214},[61,64775,475],{"class":218},[61,64777,215],{"class":214},[61,64779,480],{"class":75},[14,64781,139],{},[52,64783,64785],{"className":54,"code":64784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64786,64787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64788,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64790,4129],{"class":75},[61,64792,299],{"class":214},[61,64794,544],{"class":218},[61,64796,299],{"class":214},[61,64798,83],{"class":75},[61,64800,308],{"class":214},[61,64802,553],{"class":218},[61,64804,299],{"class":214},[61,64806,83],{"class":75},[61,64808,308],{"class":214},[61,64810,562],{"class":218},[61,64812,299],{"class":214},[61,64814,83],{"class":75},[61,64816,308],{"class":214},[61,64818,562],{"class":218},[61,64820,299],{"class":214},[61,64822,83],{"class":75},[61,64824,308],{"class":214},[61,64826,571],{"class":218},[61,64828,299],{"class":214},[61,64830,98],{"class":75},[14,64832,64833],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64835,64836],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[52,64838,64840],{"className":54,"code":64839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64841,64842],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64843,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64845,127],{"class":126},[61,64847,416],{"class":75},[61,64849,215],{"class":214},[61,64851,475],{"class":218},[61,64853,215],{"class":214},[61,64855,1474],{"class":75},[819,64857,64859],{"id":64858},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64861,64862],{},"This:",[52,64864,64866],{"className":54,"code":64865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64867,64868,64900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,64869,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,64871,9390],{"class":67},[61,64873,72],{"class":71},[61,64875,1235],{"class":75},[61,64877,215],{"class":214},[61,64879,334],{"class":218},[61,64881,215],{"class":214},[61,64883,378],{"class":75},[61,64885,587],{"class":79},[61,64887,83],{"class":75},[61,64889,226],{"class":214},[61,64891,765],{"class":218},[61,64893,215],{"class":214},[61,64895,378],{"class":75},[61,64897,86],{"class":79},[61,64899,162],{"class":75},[61,64901,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,64903,127],{"class":126},[61,64905,113],{"class":75},[61,64907,383],{"class":109},[61,64909,113],{"class":75},[61,64911,9429],{"class":116},[61,64913,480],{"class":75},[14,64915,64916],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64918,165,64919,64922],{},[18,64920,64921],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[819,64924,64926],{"id":64925},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64928,64929,64931],{},[18,64930,1880],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64933,64934],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[47,64936,1987],{"id":1986},[819,64938,5408,64940,64942],{"id":64939},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[61,64941],{}," and list()?",[14,64944,64945,64946,64948,64949,64951],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64947,4021],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64950,1880],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[819,64953,64955],{"id":64954},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64957,64958,64959,64961],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64960,1880],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[819,64963,64965],{"id":64964},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64967,64968],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[819,64970,64972],{"id":64971},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64974,64975],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[819,64977,64979],{"id":64978},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64981,64982,64983,64985],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64984,1880],{}," cannot loop through it.",[47,64987,2144],{"id":2143},[34,64989,64990,64994,64999,65003,65007,65011,65015,65020],{},[37,64991,64992],{},[334,64993,52995],{"href":51203},[37,64995,64996],{},[334,64997,64998],{"href":36417},"Python range() function explained",[37,65000,65001],{},[334,65002,63436],{"href":63435},[37,65004,65005],{},[334,65006,63768],{"href":63767},[37,65008,65009],{},[334,65010,5445],{"href":5814},[37,65012,65013],{},[334,65014,14012],{"href":14011},[37,65016,65017],{},[334,65018,65019],{"href":52823},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[37,65021,65022],{},[334,65023,54502],{"href":53272},[2169,65025,65026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":65028},[65029,65030,65031,65032,65033,65040,65041,65042,65047,65048,65055,65063],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":63138,"depth":101,"text":63139},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":59845,"depth":101,"text":59846},{"id":63366,"depth":101,"text":63367,"children":65034},[65035,65036,65037,65038,65039],{"id":63370,"depth":123,"text":63371},{"id":63439,"depth":123,"text":63440},{"id":63517,"depth":123,"text":63518},{"id":63592,"depth":123,"text":63593},{"id":63659,"depth":123,"text":63660},{"id":63771,"depth":101,"text":63772},{"id":63907,"depth":101,"text":63908},{"id":64207,"depth":101,"text":64208,"children":65043},[65044,65045,65046],{"id":64216,"depth":123,"text":64217},{"id":64306,"depth":123,"text":64307},{"id":64400,"depth":123,"text":64401},{"id":64515,"depth":101,"text":64516},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":65049},[65050,65051,65053,65054],{"id":64682,"depth":123,"text":64683},{"id":64749,"depth":123,"text":65052},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64858,"depth":123,"text":64859},{"id":64925,"depth":123,"text":64926},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":65056},[65057,65059,65060,65061,65062],{"id":64939,"depth":123,"text":65058},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64954,"depth":123,"text":64955},{"id":64964,"depth":123,"text":64965},{"id":64971,"depth":123,"text":64972},{"id":64978,"depth":123,"text":64979},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":62972,"description":65064},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65070,"title":65071,"body":65072,"description":66422,"extension":2216,"meta":66423,"navigation":271,"path":66424,"seo":66425,"stem":66426,"__hash__":66427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65073,"toc":66396},[65074,65079,65085,65094,65096,65169,65178,65183,65187,65203,65207,65209,65211,65230,65233,65261,65264,65289,65297,65299,65304,65311,65313,65370,65372,65380,65386,65390,65393,65466,65468,65476,65479,65502,65509,65515,65519,65525,65596,65598,65606,65614,65621,65628,65636,65780,65782,65799,65802,65841,65844,65848,65853,65855,65914,65920,65923,66030,66032,66047,66050,66057,66059,66063,66211,66214,66275,66278,66281,66302,66307,66311,66322,66325,66327,66332,66335,66343,66348,66354,66357,66363,66371,66373,66393],[10,65075,54566,65077,11542],{"id":65076},"python-list-index-method",[18,65078,59193],{},[14,65080,65081,65084],{},[18,65082,65083],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65086,65087,65088,65091,65092,26],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[23,65089,65090],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65093,40926],{},[47,65095,3842],{"id":3841},[52,65097,65099],{"className":54,"code":65098,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,65100,65101,65133,65156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65102,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65104,1230],{"class":67},[61,65106,72],{"class":71},[61,65108,76],{"class":75},[61,65110,215],{"class":214},[61,65112,2042],{"class":218},[61,65114,215],{"class":214},[61,65116,83],{"class":75},[61,65118,226],{"class":214},[61,65120,1040],{"class":218},[61,65122,215],{"class":214},[61,65124,83],{"class":75},[61,65126,226],{"class":214},[61,65128,4323],{"class":218},[61,65130,215],{"class":214},[61,65132,98],{"class":75},[61,65134,65135,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65136,65137],{"class":67},"position ",[61,65139,72],{"class":71},[61,65141,6194],{"class":67},[61,65143,26],{"class":75},[61,65145,36067],{"class":116},[61,65147,113],{"class":75},[61,65149,215],{"class":214},[61,65151,1040],{"class":218},[61,65153,215],{"class":214},[61,65155,120],{"class":75},[61,65157,65158,65160,65162,65165,65167],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65159,127],{"class":126},[61,65161,113],{"class":75},[61,65163,65164],{"class":116},"position",[61,65166,3893],{"class":75},[61,65168,28001],{"class":3896},[14,65170,165,65171,65174,65175,65177],{},[18,65172,65173],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,65176,40926],{}," if the item is not found.",[47,65179,3911,65181,3914],{"id":65180},"what-listindex-does",[18,65182,65083],{},[14,65184,65185,378],{},[18,65186,65083],{},[34,65188,65189,65192,65195,65200],{},[37,65190,65191],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[37,65193,65194],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[37,65196,65197,65198],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,65199,582],{},[37,65201,65202],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65204,54791,65205,26],{},[334,65206,52995],{"href":54794},[47,65208,341],{"id":340},[14,65210,30945],{},[52,65212,65214],{"className":54,"code":65213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,65215,65216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65217,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65219,8569],{"class":67},[61,65221,26],{"class":75},[61,65223,36067],{"class":116},[61,65225,113],{"class":75},[61,65227,1783],{"class":116},[61,65229,120],{"class":75},[14,65231,65232],{},"You can also limit the search:",[52,65234,65236],{"className":54,"code":65235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,65237,65238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65239,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65241,8569],{"class":67},[61,65243,26],{"class":75},[61,65245,36067],{"class":116},[61,65247,113],{"class":75},[61,65249,1783],{"class":116},[61,65251,83],{"class":75},[61,65253,36273],{"class":116},[61,65255,83],{"class":75},[61,65257,65258],{"class":116}," end",[61,65260,120],{"class":75},[14,65262,65263],{},"Here is what each part means:",[34,65265,65266,65271,65276,65281],{},[37,65267,65268,65270],{},[18,65269,1783],{},": the item to search for",[37,65272,65273,65275],{},[18,65274,36294],{},": where the search begins",[37,65277,65278,65280],{},[18,65279,52884],{},": where the search stops",[37,65282,65283,5011,65285,65288],{},[18,65284,52884],{},[23,65286,65287],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65290,65291,65292,65294,65295,26],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65293,36294],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65296,52884],{},[47,65298,38241],{"id":38240},[14,65300,65301,65303],{},[18,65302,65083],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65305,65306,65307,65310],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[23,65308,65309],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65312,197],{},[52,65314,65316],{"className":54,"code":65315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65317,65318,65338,65356,65360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65319,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65321,68],{"class":67},[61,65323,72],{"class":71},[61,65325,76],{"class":75},[61,65327,447],{"class":79},[61,65329,83],{"class":75},[61,65331,452],{"class":79},[61,65333,83],{"class":75},[61,65335,8025],{"class":79},[61,65337,98],{"class":75},[61,65339,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65341,869],{"class":67},[61,65343,72],{"class":71},[61,65345,4490],{"class":67},[61,65347,26],{"class":75},[61,65349,36067],{"class":116},[61,65351,113],{"class":75},[61,65353,15974],{"class":79},[61,65355,120],{"class":75},[61,65357,65358],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65359,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,65361,65362,65364,65366,65368],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,65363,127],{"class":126},[61,65365,113],{"class":75},[61,65367,892],{"class":116},[61,65369,120],{"class":75},[14,65371,139],{},[52,65373,65374],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,65375,65376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65377,65378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65379,47140],{"class":79},[14,65381,65382,65383,65385],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65384,59193],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[47,65387,65389],{"id":65388},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65391,65392],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[52,65394,65396],{"className":54,"code":65395,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65397,65398,65430,65452,65456],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65399,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65401,36460],{"class":67},[61,65403,72],{"class":71},[61,65405,76],{"class":75},[61,65407,215],{"class":214},[61,65409,2042],{"class":218},[61,65411,215],{"class":214},[61,65413,83],{"class":75},[61,65415,226],{"class":214},[61,65417,1040],{"class":218},[61,65419,215],{"class":214},[61,65421,83],{"class":75},[61,65423,226],{"class":214},[61,65425,4323],{"class":218},[61,65427,215],{"class":214},[61,65429,98],{"class":75},[61,65431,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65433,65137],{"class":67},[61,65435,72],{"class":71},[61,65437,53075],{"class":67},[61,65439,26],{"class":75},[61,65441,36067],{"class":116},[61,65443,113],{"class":75},[61,65445,215],{"class":214},[61,65447,4323],{"class":218},[61,65449,215],{"class":214},[61,65451,120],{"class":75},[61,65453,65454],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65455,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,65457,65458,65460,65462,65464],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,65459,127],{"class":126},[61,65461,113],{"class":75},[61,65463,65164],{"class":116},[61,65465,120],{"class":75},[14,65467,139],{},[52,65469,65470],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,65471,65472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65473,65474],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65475,17277],{"class":79},[14,65477,65478],{},"In this list:",[34,65480,65481,65488,65495],{},[37,65482,65483,65485,65486],{},[18,65484,58058],{}," is at index ",[18,65487,582],{},[37,65489,65490,65485,65493],{},[18,65491,65492],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65494,80],{},[37,65496,65497,65485,65500],{},[18,65498,65499],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65501,2310],{},[14,65503,53877,65504,2642,65507,26],{},[18,65505,65506],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65508,2310],{},[14,65510,51766,65511,26],{},[334,65512,65514],{"href":65513},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[47,65516,65518],{"id":65517},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65520,65521,65522,65524],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65523,59193],{}," returns the first match only.",[52,65526,65528],{"className":54,"code":65527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65529,65530,65570,65574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65531,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65533,207],{"class":67},[61,65535,72],{"class":71},[61,65537,76],{"class":75},[61,65539,215],{"class":214},[61,65541,219],{"class":218},[61,65543,215],{"class":214},[61,65545,83],{"class":75},[61,65547,226],{"class":214},[61,65549,229],{"class":218},[61,65551,215],{"class":214},[61,65553,83],{"class":75},[61,65555,226],{"class":214},[61,65557,219],{"class":218},[61,65559,215],{"class":214},[61,65561,83],{"class":75},[61,65563,226],{"class":214},[61,65565,246],{"class":218},[61,65567,215],{"class":214},[61,65569,98],{"class":75},[61,65571,65572],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65573,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,65575,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65577,127],{"class":126},[61,65579,113],{"class":75},[61,65581,264],{"class":116},[61,65583,26],{"class":75},[61,65585,36067],{"class":116},[61,65587,113],{"class":75},[61,65589,215],{"class":214},[61,65591,219],{"class":218},[61,65593,215],{"class":214},[61,65595,480],{"class":75},[14,65597,139],{},[52,65599,65600],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,65601,65602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65603,65604],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65605,47475],{"class":79},[14,65607,21198,65608,65610,65611,65613],{},[18,65609,328],{}," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65612,582],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65615,65616,65617,26],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[334,65618,55744,65619,10961],{"href":59252},[18,65620,57515],{},[47,65622,1750,65624,4621,65626],{"id":65623},"using-start-and-end",[18,65625,36294],{},[18,65627,52884],{},[14,65629,65630,65631,4621,65633,65635],{},"The optional ",[18,65632,36294],{},[18,65634,52884],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[52,65637,65639],{"className":54,"code":65638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65640,65641,65689,65693,65718,65747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65642,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65644,36312],{"class":67},[61,65646,72],{"class":71},[61,65648,76],{"class":75},[61,65650,215],{"class":214},[61,65652,334],{"class":218},[61,65654,215],{"class":214},[61,65656,83],{"class":75},[61,65658,226],{"class":214},[61,65660,765],{"class":218},[61,65662,215],{"class":214},[61,65664,83],{"class":75},[61,65666,226],{"class":214},[61,65668,9961],{"class":218},[61,65670,215],{"class":214},[61,65672,83],{"class":75},[61,65674,226],{"class":214},[61,65676,765],{"class":218},[61,65678,215],{"class":214},[61,65680,83],{"class":75},[61,65682,226],{"class":214},[61,65684,18987],{"class":218},[61,65686,215],{"class":214},[61,65688,98],{"class":75},[61,65690,65691],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65692,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,65694,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65696,127],{"class":126},[61,65698,113],{"class":75},[61,65700,36365],{"class":116},[61,65702,26],{"class":75},[61,65704,36067],{"class":116},[61,65706,113],{"class":75},[61,65708,215],{"class":214},[61,65710,765],{"class":218},[61,65712,215],{"class":214},[61,65714,5590],{"class":75},[61,65716,65717],{"class":3896},"        # first match\n",[61,65719,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,65721,127],{"class":126},[61,65723,113],{"class":75},[61,65725,36365],{"class":116},[61,65727,26],{"class":75},[61,65729,36067],{"class":116},[61,65731,113],{"class":75},[61,65733,215],{"class":214},[61,65735,765],{"class":218},[61,65737,215],{"class":214},[61,65739,83],{"class":75},[61,65741,86],{"class":79},[61,65743,5590],{"class":75},[61,65745,65746],{"class":3896},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[61,65748,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,65750,127],{"class":126},[61,65752,113],{"class":75},[61,65754,36365],{"class":116},[61,65756,26],{"class":75},[61,65758,36067],{"class":116},[61,65760,113],{"class":75},[61,65762,215],{"class":214},[61,65764,765],{"class":218},[61,65766,215],{"class":214},[61,65768,83],{"class":75},[61,65770,587],{"class":79},[61,65772,83],{"class":75},[61,65774,1178],{"class":79},[61,65776,5590],{"class":75},[61,65778,65779],{"class":3896},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65781,139],{},[52,65783,65785],{"className":54,"code":65784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65786,65787,65791,65795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65788,65789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65790,47140],{"class":79},[61,65792,65793],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65794,46840],{"class":79},[61,65796,65797],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65798,47140],{"class":79},[14,65800,65801],{},"How this works:",[34,65803,65804,65816,65829],{},[37,65805,65806,65809,65810,65813,65814],{},[18,65807,65808],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65811,65812],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65815,80],{},[37,65817,65818,65821,65822,65824,65825,65813,65827],{},[18,65819,65820],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65823,2310],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65826,65812],{},[18,65828,1321],{},[37,65830,65831,65834,65835,2437,65837,17293,65839],{},[18,65832,65833],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65836,80],{},[18,65838,2310],{},[18,65840,1321],{},[14,65842,65843],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[47,65845,65847],{"id":65846},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65849,65850,65851,26],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65852,40926],{},[14,65854,197],{},[52,65856,65858],{"className":54,"code":65857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65859,65860,65892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65861,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65863,1230],{"class":67},[61,65865,72],{"class":71},[61,65867,76],{"class":75},[61,65869,215],{"class":214},[61,65871,2042],{"class":218},[61,65873,215],{"class":214},[61,65875,83],{"class":75},[61,65877,226],{"class":214},[61,65879,1040],{"class":218},[61,65881,215],{"class":214},[61,65883,83],{"class":75},[61,65885,226],{"class":214},[61,65887,4323],{"class":218},[61,65889,215],{"class":214},[61,65891,98],{"class":75},[61,65893,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65895,127],{"class":126},[61,65897,113],{"class":75},[61,65899,1267],{"class":116},[61,65901,26],{"class":75},[61,65903,36067],{"class":116},[61,65905,113],{"class":75},[61,65907,215],{"class":214},[61,65909,33442],{"class":218},[61,65911,215],{"class":214},[61,65913,480],{"class":75},[14,65915,39875,65916,65919],{},[18,65917,65918],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65921,65922],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[52,65924,65926],{"className":54,"code":65925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65927,65928,65960,65973,65977,65990,66009,66015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,65929,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,65931,1230],{"class":67},[61,65933,72],{"class":71},[61,65935,76],{"class":75},[61,65937,215],{"class":214},[61,65939,2042],{"class":218},[61,65941,215],{"class":214},[61,65943,83],{"class":75},[61,65945,226],{"class":214},[61,65947,1040],{"class":218},[61,65949,215],{"class":214},[61,65951,83],{"class":75},[61,65953,226],{"class":214},[61,65955,4323],{"class":218},[61,65957,215],{"class":214},[61,65959,98],{"class":75},[61,65961,65962,65965,65967,65969,65971],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,65963,65964],{"class":67},"search_value ",[61,65966,72],{"class":71},[61,65968,226],{"class":214},[61,65970,33442],{"class":218},[61,65972,1043],{"class":214},[61,65974,65975],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,65976,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,65978,65979,65981,65984,65986,65988],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,65980,7227],{"class":1490},[61,65982,65983],{"class":67}," search_value ",[61,65985,1433],{"class":71},[61,65987,6194],{"class":67},[61,65989,6621],{"class":75},[61,65991,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66007],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,65993,8299],{"class":126},[61,65995,113],{"class":75},[61,65997,1267],{"class":116},[61,65999,26],{"class":75},[61,66001,36067],{"class":116},[61,66003,113],{"class":75},[61,66005,66006],{"class":116},"search_value",[61,66008,480],{"class":75},[61,66010,66011,66013],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,66012,27655],{"class":1490},[61,66014,6621],{"class":75},[61,66016,66017,66019,66021,66023,66026,66028],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,66018,8299],{"class":126},[61,66020,113],{"class":75},[61,66022,215],{"class":214},[61,66024,66025],{"class":218},"Item not found",[61,66027,215],{"class":214},[61,66029,120],{"class":75},[14,66031,139],{},[52,66033,66035],{"className":54,"code":66034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Item not found\n",[18,66036,66037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66038,66039,66042,66044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66040,66041],{"class":67},"Item ",[61,66043,704],{"class":71},[61,66045,66046],{"class":67}," found\n",[14,66048,66049],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,66051,66052,66053,26],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[334,66054,66056],{"href":66055},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[47,66058,4747],{"id":4746},[14,66060,21431,66061,378],{},[18,66062,65083],{},[34,66064,66065,66083,66095,66155],{},[37,66066,25995,66067,2642,66069,66072,66073,66075,66076,5389,66078,66080,66081,26],{},[18,66068,59193],{},[18,66070,66071],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10067,66074],{},"\nPython does ",[23,66077,704],{},[18,66079,66071],{},". It raises ",[18,66082,40926],{},[37,66084,66085,66086,66088,66091,66092,66094],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10067,66087],{},[18,66089,66090],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,66093,65492],{},", not the value itself.",[37,66096,1750,66097,11313,66100,66102,66104,66105,16876,66107,66130,16864,66132],{},[18,66098,66099],{},"index[]",[18,66101,59193],{},[10067,66103],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10067,66106],{},[52,66108,66110],{"className":54,"code":66109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,66111,66112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66113,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66115,1267],{"class":67},[61,66117,26],{"class":75},[61,66119,36067],{"class":116},[61,66121,113],{"class":75},[61,66123,215],{"class":214},[61,66125,1040],{"class":218},[61,66127,215],{"class":214},[61,66129,120],{"class":75},[10067,66131],{},[52,66133,66135],{"className":54,"code":66134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,66136,66137],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66140,1267],{"class":67},[61,66142,26],{"class":75},[61,66144,36067],{"class":24971},[61,66146,4129],{"class":75},[61,66148,215],{"class":214},[61,66150,1040],{"class":218},[61,66152,215],{"class":214},[61,66154,98],{"class":75},[37,66156,66157,66158,66160,4621,66163,66165,66166],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10067,66159],{},[18,66161,66162],{},"\"3\"",[18,66164,1321],{}," are different values in Python.",[52,66167,66169],{"className":54,"code":66168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,66170,66171,66191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66174,68],{"class":67},[61,66176,72],{"class":71},[61,66178,76],{"class":75},[61,66180,80],{"class":79},[61,66182,83],{"class":75},[61,66184,86],{"class":79},[61,66186,83],{"class":75},[61,66188,95],{"class":79},[61,66190,98],{"class":75},[61,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66194,127],{"class":126},[61,66196,113],{"class":75},[61,66198,215],{"class":214},[61,66200,1321],{"class":218},[61,66202,215],{"class":214},[61,66204,1491],{"class":1490},[61,66206,4490],{"class":116},[61,66208,3893],{"class":75},[61,66210,4999],{"class":3896},[14,66212,66213],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[52,66215,66217],{"className":54,"code":66216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,66218,66219,66229,66243,66257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66222,127],{"class":126},[61,66224,113],{"class":75},[61,66226,8569],{"class":116},[61,66228,120],{"class":75},[61,66230,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66232,127],{"class":126},[61,66234,113],{"class":75},[61,66236,648],{"class":109},[61,66238,113],{"class":75},[61,66240,66006],{"class":116},[61,66242,480],{"class":75},[61,66244,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,66246,127],{"class":126},[61,66248,113],{"class":75},[61,66250,65964],{"class":116},[61,66252,1433],{"class":1490},[61,66254,8626],{"class":116},[61,66256,120],{"class":75},[61,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,66260,127],{"class":126},[61,66262,113],{"class":75},[61,66264,8569],{"class":116},[61,66266,26],{"class":75},[61,66268,36067],{"class":116},[61,66270,113],{"class":75},[61,66272,66006],{"class":116},[61,66274,480],{"class":75},[14,66276,66277],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66279,66280],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[34,66282,66283,66286,66293,66299],{},[37,66284,66285],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[37,66287,66288,66289,11313,66291],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66290,66162],{},[18,66292,1321],{},[37,66294,66295,66296,66298],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66297,59193],{}," returns only the first one",[37,66300,66301],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[47,66303,5189,66305],{"id":66304},"when-to-use-index",[18,66306,59193],{},[14,66308,165,66309,1422],{},[18,66310,59193],{},[34,66312,66313,66316,66319],{},[37,66314,66315],{},"You need the position of a known value",[37,66317,66318],{},"You are working with a small list",[37,66320,66321],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66323,66324],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[47,66326,1987],{"id":1986},[819,66328,5371,66330,5374],{"id":66329},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66331,65083],{},[14,66333,66334],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[819,66336,12927,66338,5389,66340,66342],{"id":66337},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66339,65083],{},[18,66341,66071],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66344,66345,66346,6860],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66347,40926],{},[819,66349,5398,66351,66353],{"id":66350},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66352,65083],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66355,66356],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[819,66358,66360,66361,2735],{"id":66359},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66362,59193],{},[14,66364,66365,66366,4621,66368,66370],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66367,36294],{},[18,66369,52884],{}," arguments.",[47,66372,2144],{"id":2143},[34,66374,66375,66379,66383,66387],{},[37,66376,66377],{},[334,66378,59181],{"href":65513},[37,66380,66381],{},[334,66382,52995],{"href":54794},[37,66384,66385],{},[334,66386,66056],{"href":66055},[37,66388,66389],{},[334,66390,55744,66391,10961],{"href":59252},[18,66392,57515],{},[2169,66394,66395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":66397},[66398,66399,66401,66402,66403,66404,66405,66407,66408,66409,66411,66421],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":65180,"depth":101,"text":66400},"What list.index() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":38240,"depth":101,"text":38241},{"id":65388,"depth":101,"text":65389},{"id":65517,"depth":101,"text":65518},{"id":65623,"depth":101,"text":66406},"Using start and end",{"id":65846,"depth":101,"text":65847},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747},{"id":66304,"depth":101,"text":66410},"When to use index()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":66412},[66413,66415,66417,66419],{"id":66329,"depth":123,"text":66414},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66337,"depth":123,"text":66416},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66350,"depth":123,"text":66418},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66359,"depth":123,"text":66420},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65071,"description":66422},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66429,"title":66430,"body":66431,"description":68373,"extension":2216,"meta":68374,"navigation":271,"path":68375,"seo":68376,"stem":68377,"__hash__":68378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66432,"toc":68333},[66433,66438,66443,66446,66455,66512,66518,66523,66527,66541,66547,66549,66572,66589,66591,66652,66654,66686,66699,66701,66704,66804,66806,66884,66890,66894,66902,66906,66912,66967,66969,66993,66997,67000,67053,67055,67079,67083,67086,67139,67141,67165,67169,67175,67246,67248,67289,67295,67302,67305,67310,67318,67323,67331,67333,67430,67432,67501,67508,67513,67515,67519,67524,67526,67597,67599,67628,67634,67636,67663,67666,67689,67693,67696,67718,67721,67744,67746,67806,67808,67840,67846,67851,67904,67906,67931,67934,67983,67985,68006,68010,68015,68018,68073,68075,68102,68109,68113,68118,68189,68192,68206,68211,68216,68218,68232,68244,68249,68251,68256,68261,68265,68268,68274,68280,68287,68295,68297,68330],[10,66434,54566,66436,11542],{"id":66435},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66437,54492],{},[14,66439,66440,66442],{},[18,66441,54135],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66444,66445],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66447,165,66448,66450,66451,26],{},[18,66449,54492],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[334,66452,55744,66453,10961],{"href":56993},[18,66454,52876],{},[52,66456,66458],{"className":54,"code":66457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66459,66460,66480,66498,66508],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66461,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66463,68],{"class":67},[61,66465,72],{"class":71},[61,66467,76],{"class":75},[61,66469,80],{"class":79},[61,66471,83],{"class":75},[61,66473,86],{"class":79},[61,66475,83],{"class":75},[61,66477,1178],{"class":79},[61,66479,98],{"class":75},[61,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66483,117],{"class":67},[61,66485,26],{"class":75},[61,66487,54175],{"class":116},[61,66489,113],{"class":75},[61,66491,2310],{"class":79},[61,66493,83],{"class":75},[61,66495,95],{"class":79},[61,66497,120],{"class":75},[61,66499,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,66501,127],{"class":126},[61,66503,113],{"class":75},[61,66505,117],{"class":116},[61,66507,120],{"class":75},[61,66509,66510],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,66511,52947],{"class":3896},[14,66513,165,66514,66517],{},[18,66515,66516],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[47,66519,3911,66521,3914],{"id":66520},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66522,54135],{},[14,66524,66525,378],{},[18,66526,54135],{},[34,66528,66529,66532,66535,66537],{},[37,66530,66531],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[37,66533,66534],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[37,66536,54652],{},[37,66538,11644,66539],{},[18,66540,4012],{},[14,66542,66543,66544,66546],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66545,54492],{}," does not create a new list.",[47,66548,5660],{"id":5659},[52,66550,66552],{"className":54,"code":66551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66553,66554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66557,8569],{"class":67},[61,66559,26],{"class":75},[61,66561,54175],{"class":116},[61,66563,113],{"class":75},[61,66565,36067],{"class":116},[61,66567,83],{"class":75},[61,66569,29728],{"class":116},[61,66571,120],{"class":75},[34,66573,66574,66579,66584],{},[37,66575,66576,66578],{},[18,66577,36067],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[37,66580,66581,66583],{},[18,66582,23531],{}," is the value to add",[37,66585,66586,66587],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66588,582],{},[14,66590,197],{},[52,66592,66594],{"className":54,"code":66593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66595,66596,66620,66642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66597,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66599,36312],{"class":67},[61,66601,72],{"class":71},[61,66603,76],{"class":75},[61,66605,215],{"class":214},[61,66607,334],{"class":218},[61,66609,215],{"class":214},[61,66611,83],{"class":75},[61,66613,226],{"class":214},[61,66615,9961],{"class":218},[61,66617,215],{"class":214},[61,66619,98],{"class":75},[61,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66623,36365],{"class":67},[61,66625,26],{"class":75},[61,66627,54175],{"class":116},[61,66629,113],{"class":75},[61,66631,80],{"class":79},[61,66633,83],{"class":75},[61,66635,226],{"class":214},[61,66637,765],{"class":218},[61,66639,215],{"class":214},[61,66641,120],{"class":75},[61,66643,66644,66646,66648,66650],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,66645,127],{"class":126},[61,66647,113],{"class":75},[61,66649,36365],{"class":116},[61,66651,120],{"class":75},[14,66653,139],{},[52,66655,66656],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66657,66658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66659,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66661,4129],{"class":75},[61,66663,299],{"class":214},[61,66665,334],{"class":218},[61,66667,299],{"class":214},[61,66669,83],{"class":75},[61,66671,308],{"class":214},[61,66673,765],{"class":218},[61,66675,299],{"class":214},[61,66677,83],{"class":75},[61,66679,308],{"class":214},[61,66681,9961],{"class":218},[61,66683,299],{"class":214},[61,66685,98],{"class":75},[14,66687,20991,66688,66690,66691,66693,66694,4621,66696,26],{},[18,66689,65812],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66692,80],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66695,18315],{},[18,66697,66698],{},"\"c\"",[47,66700,6015],{"id":6014},[14,66702,66703],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[52,66705,66707],{"className":54,"code":66706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66708,66709,66741,66759,66763,66785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66710,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66712,207],{"class":67},[61,66714,72],{"class":71},[61,66716,76],{"class":75},[61,66718,215],{"class":214},[61,66720,219],{"class":218},[61,66722,215],{"class":214},[61,66724,83],{"class":75},[61,66726,226],{"class":214},[61,66728,229],{"class":218},[61,66730,215],{"class":214},[61,66732,83],{"class":75},[61,66734,226],{"class":214},[61,66736,246],{"class":218},[61,66738,215],{"class":214},[61,66740,98],{"class":75},[61,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66744,127],{"class":126},[61,66746,113],{"class":75},[61,66748,215],{"class":214},[61,66750,11785],{"class":218},[61,66752,215],{"class":214},[61,66754,83],{"class":75},[61,66756,13345],{"class":116},[61,66758,120],{"class":75},[61,66760,66761],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,66762,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,66764,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,66766,264],{"class":67},[61,66768,26],{"class":75},[61,66770,54175],{"class":116},[61,66772,113],{"class":75},[61,66774,80],{"class":79},[61,66776,83],{"class":75},[61,66778,226],{"class":214},[61,66780,22744],{"class":218},[61,66782,215],{"class":214},[61,66784,120],{"class":75},[61,66786,66787,66789,66791,66793,66796,66798,66800,66802],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,66788,127],{"class":126},[61,66790,113],{"class":75},[61,66792,215],{"class":214},[61,66794,66795],{"class":218},"After: ",[61,66797,215],{"class":214},[61,66799,83],{"class":75},[61,66801,13345],{"class":116},[61,66803,120],{"class":75},[14,66805,139],{},[52,66807,66809],{"className":54,"code":66808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66810,66811,66843],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66812,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66814,11845],{"class":67},[61,66816,378],{"class":75},[61,66818,76],{"class":75},[61,66820,299],{"class":214},[61,66822,219],{"class":218},[61,66824,299],{"class":214},[61,66826,83],{"class":75},[61,66828,308],{"class":214},[61,66830,229],{"class":218},[61,66832,299],{"class":214},[61,66834,83],{"class":75},[61,66836,308],{"class":214},[61,66838,246],{"class":218},[61,66840,299],{"class":214},[61,66842,98],{"class":75},[61,66844,66845,66847,66849,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66846,11898],{"class":67},[61,66848,378],{"class":75},[61,66850,66851],{"class":75},"  [",[61,66853,299],{"class":214},[61,66855,219],{"class":218},[61,66857,299],{"class":214},[61,66859,83],{"class":75},[61,66861,308],{"class":214},[61,66863,22744],{"class":218},[61,66865,299],{"class":214},[61,66867,83],{"class":75},[61,66869,308],{"class":214},[61,66871,229],{"class":218},[61,66873,299],{"class":214},[61,66875,83],{"class":75},[61,66877,308],{"class":214},[61,66879,246],{"class":218},[61,66881,299],{"class":214},[61,66883,98],{"class":75},[14,66885,66886,66887,66889],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66888,80],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[47,66891,66893],{"id":66892},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66895,2233,66896,35551,66898,66901],{},[18,66897,36067],{},[18,66899,66900],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[819,66903,66905],{"id":66904},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66907,66908,66909,66911],{},"Use index ",[18,66910,582],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[52,66913,66915],{"className":54,"code":66914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66916,66917,66938,66957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66918,66919,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66920,66921],{"class":67},"nums ",[61,66923,72],{"class":71},[61,66925,76],{"class":75},[61,66927,2310],{"class":79},[61,66929,83],{"class":75},[61,66931,95],{"class":79},[61,66933,83],{"class":75},[61,66935,1178],{"class":79},[61,66937,98],{"class":75},[61,66939,66940,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,66941,66942],{"class":67},"nums",[61,66944,26],{"class":75},[61,66946,54175],{"class":116},[61,66948,113],{"class":75},[61,66950,582],{"class":79},[61,66952,83],{"class":75},[61,66954,587],{"class":79},[61,66956,120],{"class":75},[61,66958,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,66960,127],{"class":126},[61,66962,113],{"class":75},[61,66964,66942],{"class":116},[61,66966,120],{"class":75},[14,66968,139],{},[52,66970,66971],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,66972,66973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,66974,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,66976,4129],{"class":75},[61,66978,80],{"class":79},[61,66980,83],{"class":75},[61,66982,86],{"class":79},[61,66984,83],{"class":75},[61,66986,95],{"class":79},[61,66988,83],{"class":75},[61,66990,1178],{"class":79},[61,66992,98],{"class":75},[819,66994,66996],{"id":66995},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66998,66999],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[52,67001,67003],{"className":54,"code":67002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,67004,67005,67025,67043],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67006,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67008,66921],{"class":67},[61,67010,72],{"class":71},[61,67012,76],{"class":75},[61,67014,80],{"class":79},[61,67016,83],{"class":75},[61,67018,86],{"class":79},[61,67020,83],{"class":75},[61,67022,1178],{"class":79},[61,67024,98],{"class":75},[61,67026,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67028,66942],{"class":67},[61,67030,26],{"class":75},[61,67032,54175],{"class":116},[61,67034,113],{"class":75},[61,67036,2310],{"class":79},[61,67038,83],{"class":75},[61,67040,95],{"class":79},[61,67042,120],{"class":75},[61,67044,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67046,127],{"class":126},[61,67048,113],{"class":75},[61,67050,66942],{"class":116},[61,67052,120],{"class":75},[14,67054,139],{},[52,67056,67057],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67058,67059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67062,4129],{"class":75},[61,67064,80],{"class":79},[61,67066,83],{"class":75},[61,67068,86],{"class":79},[61,67070,83],{"class":75},[61,67072,95],{"class":79},[61,67074,83],{"class":75},[61,67076,1178],{"class":79},[61,67078,98],{"class":75},[819,67080,67082],{"id":67081},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67084,67085],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[52,67087,67089],{"className":54,"code":67088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,67090,67091,67111,67129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67092,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67094,66921],{"class":67},[61,67096,72],{"class":71},[61,67098,76],{"class":75},[61,67100,80],{"class":79},[61,67102,83],{"class":75},[61,67104,86],{"class":79},[61,67106,83],{"class":75},[61,67108,95],{"class":79},[61,67110,98],{"class":75},[61,67112,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67114,66942],{"class":67},[61,67116,26],{"class":75},[61,67118,54175],{"class":116},[61,67120,113],{"class":75},[61,67122,447],{"class":79},[61,67124,83],{"class":75},[61,67126,1178],{"class":79},[61,67128,120],{"class":75},[61,67130,67131,67133,67135,67137],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67132,127],{"class":126},[61,67134,113],{"class":75},[61,67136,66942],{"class":116},[61,67138,120],{"class":75},[14,67140,139],{},[52,67142,67143],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67144,67145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67146,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67148,4129],{"class":75},[61,67150,80],{"class":79},[61,67152,83],{"class":75},[61,67154,86],{"class":79},[61,67156,83],{"class":75},[61,67158,95],{"class":79},[61,67160,83],{"class":75},[61,67162,1178],{"class":79},[61,67164,98],{"class":75},[819,67166,67168],{"id":67167},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67170,67171,67172,67174],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,67173,54492],{}," places the item before that position.",[52,67176,67178],{"className":54,"code":67177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67179,67180,67212,67236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67181,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67183,36312],{"class":67},[61,67185,72],{"class":71},[61,67187,76],{"class":75},[61,67189,215],{"class":214},[61,67191,334],{"class":218},[61,67193,215],{"class":214},[61,67195,83],{"class":75},[61,67197,226],{"class":214},[61,67199,765],{"class":218},[61,67201,215],{"class":214},[61,67203,83],{"class":75},[61,67205,226],{"class":214},[61,67207,18987],{"class":218},[61,67209,215],{"class":214},[61,67211,98],{"class":75},[61,67213,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67215,36365],{"class":67},[61,67217,26],{"class":75},[61,67219,54175],{"class":116},[61,67221,113],{"class":75},[61,67223,2275],{"class":71},[61,67225,80],{"class":79},[61,67227,83],{"class":75},[61,67229,226],{"class":214},[61,67231,9961],{"class":218},[61,67233,215],{"class":214},[61,67235,120],{"class":75},[61,67237,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67239,127],{"class":126},[61,67241,113],{"class":75},[61,67243,36365],{"class":116},[61,67245,120],{"class":75},[14,67247,139],{},[52,67249,67251],{"className":54,"code":67250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67252,67253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67254,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67256,4129],{"class":75},[61,67258,299],{"class":214},[61,67260,334],{"class":218},[61,67262,299],{"class":214},[61,67264,83],{"class":75},[61,67266,308],{"class":214},[61,67268,765],{"class":218},[61,67270,299],{"class":214},[61,67272,83],{"class":75},[61,67274,308],{"class":214},[61,67276,9961],{"class":218},[61,67278,299],{"class":214},[61,67280,83],{"class":75},[61,67282,308],{"class":214},[61,67284,18987],{"class":218},[61,67286,299],{"class":214},[61,67288,98],{"class":75},[14,67290,67291,67292,2549],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[334,67293,67294],{"href":51203},"Python lists beginner guide",[47,67296,67298,10806,67300],{"id":67297},"insert-vs-append",[18,67299,54492],{},[18,67301,52876],{},[14,67303,67304],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[819,67306,165,67308,1422],{"id":67307},"use-insert-when",[18,67309,54492],{},[34,67311,67312,67315],{},[37,67313,67314],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[37,67316,67317],{},"The order of the list matters",[819,67319,165,67321,1422],{"id":67320},"use-append-when",[18,67322,52876],{},[34,67324,67325,67328],{},[37,67326,67327],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[37,67329,67330],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67332,197],{},[52,67334,67336],{"className":54,"code":67335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67337,67338,67362,67366,67388,67398,67402,67420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67339,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67341,1230],{"class":67},[61,67343,72],{"class":71},[61,67345,76],{"class":75},[61,67347,215],{"class":214},[61,67349,2042],{"class":218},[61,67351,215],{"class":214},[61,67353,83],{"class":75},[61,67355,226],{"class":214},[61,67357,33442],{"class":218},[61,67359,215],{"class":214},[61,67361,98],{"class":75},[61,67363,67364],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67365,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,67367,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67369,1267],{"class":67},[61,67371,26],{"class":75},[61,67373,54175],{"class":116},[61,67375,113],{"class":75},[61,67377,80],{"class":79},[61,67379,83],{"class":75},[61,67381,226],{"class":214},[61,67383,1040],{"class":218},[61,67385,215],{"class":214},[61,67387,120],{"class":75},[61,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,67391,127],{"class":126},[61,67393,113],{"class":75},[61,67395,1267],{"class":116},[61,67397,120],{"class":75},[61,67399,67400],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,67401,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,67403,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,67405,1267],{"class":67},[61,67407,26],{"class":75},[61,67409,13775],{"class":116},[61,67411,113],{"class":75},[61,67413,215],{"class":214},[61,67415,22753],{"class":218},[61,67417,215],{"class":214},[61,67419,120],{"class":75},[61,67421,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,67423,127],{"class":126},[61,67425,113],{"class":75},[61,67427,1267],{"class":116},[61,67429,120],{"class":75},[14,67431,139],{},[52,67433,67435],{"className":54,"code":67434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67436,67437,67465],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67438,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67440,4129],{"class":75},[61,67442,299],{"class":214},[61,67444,2042],{"class":218},[61,67446,299],{"class":214},[61,67448,83],{"class":75},[61,67450,308],{"class":214},[61,67452,1040],{"class":218},[61,67454,299],{"class":214},[61,67456,83],{"class":75},[61,67458,308],{"class":214},[61,67460,33442],{"class":218},[61,67462,299],{"class":214},[61,67464,98],{"class":75},[61,67466,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67468,4129],{"class":75},[61,67470,299],{"class":214},[61,67472,2042],{"class":218},[61,67474,299],{"class":214},[61,67476,83],{"class":75},[61,67478,308],{"class":214},[61,67480,1040],{"class":218},[61,67482,299],{"class":214},[61,67484,83],{"class":75},[61,67486,308],{"class":214},[61,67488,33442],{"class":218},[61,67490,299],{"class":214},[61,67492,83],{"class":75},[61,67494,308],{"class":214},[61,67496,22753],{"class":218},[61,67498,299],{"class":214},[61,67500,98],{"class":75},[14,67502,67503,67504,26],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[334,67505,55744,67506,10961],{"href":56993},[18,67507,52876],{},[14,67509,67510,67511,26],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[334,67512,53273],{"href":53272},[47,67514,4747],{"id":4746},[14,67516,14954,67517,26],{},[18,67518,54492],{},[819,67520,12817,67522],{"id":67521},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67523,54492],{},[14,67525,25911],{},[52,67527,67529],{"className":54,"code":67528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67530,67531,67551,67573,67577,67587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67532,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67534,68],{"class":67},[61,67536,72],{"class":71},[61,67538,76],{"class":75},[61,67540,80],{"class":79},[61,67542,83],{"class":75},[61,67544,86],{"class":79},[61,67546,83],{"class":75},[61,67548,95],{"class":79},[61,67550,98],{"class":75},[61,67552,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67554,869],{"class":67},[61,67556,72],{"class":71},[61,67558,4490],{"class":67},[61,67560,26],{"class":75},[61,67562,54175],{"class":116},[61,67564,113],{"class":75},[61,67566,80],{"class":79},[61,67568,83],{"class":75},[61,67570,10418],{"class":79},[61,67572,120],{"class":75},[61,67574,67575],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67576,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,67578,67579,67581,67583,67585],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,67580,127],{"class":126},[61,67582,113],{"class":75},[61,67584,892],{"class":116},[61,67586,120],{"class":75},[61,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,67590,127],{"class":126},[61,67592,113],{"class":75},[61,67594,117],{"class":116},[61,67596,120],{"class":75},[14,67598,139],{},[52,67600,67602],{"className":54,"code":67601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67603,67604,67608],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67605,67606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67607,12030],{"class":1523},[61,67609,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67611,4129],{"class":75},[61,67613,80],{"class":79},[61,67615,83],{"class":75},[61,67617,10418],{"class":79},[61,67619,83],{"class":75},[61,67621,86],{"class":79},[61,67623,83],{"class":75},[61,67625,95],{"class":79},[61,67627,98],{"class":75},[14,67629,67630,54377,67632,26],{},[18,67631,54492],{},[18,67633,4012],{},[14,67635,16864],{},[52,67637,67639],{"className":54,"code":67638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67640,67641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67642,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67644,56114],{"class":67},[61,67646,72],{"class":71},[61,67648,4490],{"class":67},[61,67650,26],{"class":75},[61,67652,54175],{"class":116},[61,67654,113],{"class":75},[61,67656,80],{"class":79},[61,67658,83],{"class":75},[61,67660,10418],{"class":79},[61,67662,120],{"class":75},[14,67664,67665],{},"Right:",[52,67667,67669],{"className":54,"code":67668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67670,67671],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67674,117],{"class":67},[61,67676,26],{"class":75},[61,67678,54175],{"class":116},[61,67680,113],{"class":75},[61,67682,80],{"class":79},[61,67684,83],{"class":75},[61,67686,10418],{"class":79},[61,67688,120],{"class":75},[819,67690,67692],{"id":67691},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67694,67695],{},"The correct order is:",[52,67697,67698],{"className":54,"code":66551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67699,67700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67703,8569],{"class":67},[61,67705,26],{"class":75},[61,67707,54175],{"class":116},[61,67709,113],{"class":75},[61,67711,36067],{"class":116},[61,67713,83],{"class":75},[61,67715,29728],{"class":116},[61,67717,120],{"class":75},[14,67719,67720],{},"Not:",[52,67722,67724],{"className":54,"code":67723,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67725,67726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67727,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67729,8569],{"class":67},[61,67731,26],{"class":75},[61,67733,54175],{"class":116},[61,67735,113],{"class":75},[61,67737,23531],{"class":116},[61,67739,83],{"class":75},[61,67741,36042],{"class":116},[61,67743,120],{"class":75},[14,67745,197],{},[52,67747,67748],{"className":54,"code":66593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67749,67750,67774,67796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67751,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67753,36312],{"class":67},[61,67755,72],{"class":71},[61,67757,76],{"class":75},[61,67759,215],{"class":214},[61,67761,334],{"class":218},[61,67763,215],{"class":214},[61,67765,83],{"class":75},[61,67767,226],{"class":214},[61,67769,9961],{"class":218},[61,67771,215],{"class":214},[61,67773,98],{"class":75},[61,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67777,36365],{"class":67},[61,67779,26],{"class":75},[61,67781,54175],{"class":116},[61,67783,113],{"class":75},[61,67785,80],{"class":79},[61,67787,83],{"class":75},[61,67789,226],{"class":214},[61,67791,765],{"class":218},[61,67793,215],{"class":214},[61,67795,120],{"class":75},[61,67797,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67799,127],{"class":126},[61,67801,113],{"class":75},[61,67803,36365],{"class":116},[61,67805,120],{"class":75},[14,67807,139],{},[52,67809,67810],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,67811,67812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67815,4129],{"class":75},[61,67817,299],{"class":214},[61,67819,334],{"class":218},[61,67821,299],{"class":214},[61,67823,83],{"class":75},[61,67825,308],{"class":214},[61,67827,765],{"class":218},[61,67829,299],{"class":214},[61,67831,83],{"class":75},[61,67833,308],{"class":214},[61,67835,9961],{"class":218},[61,67837,299],{"class":214},[61,67839,98],{"class":75},[819,67841,1864,67843,67845],{"id":67842},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67844,54492],{}," to replace an item",[14,67847,67848,67850],{},[18,67849,54492],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[52,67852,67854],{"className":54,"code":67853,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67855,67856,67876,67894],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67859,68],{"class":67},[61,67861,72],{"class":71},[61,67863,76],{"class":75},[61,67865,80],{"class":79},[61,67867,83],{"class":75},[61,67869,86],{"class":79},[61,67871,83],{"class":75},[61,67873,95],{"class":79},[61,67875,98],{"class":75},[61,67877,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67879,117],{"class":67},[61,67881,26],{"class":75},[61,67883,54175],{"class":116},[61,67885,113],{"class":75},[61,67887,80],{"class":79},[61,67889,83],{"class":75},[61,67891,10418],{"class":79},[61,67893,120],{"class":75},[61,67895,67896,67898,67900,67902],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67897,127],{"class":126},[61,67899,113],{"class":75},[61,67901,117],{"class":116},[61,67903,120],{"class":75},[14,67905,139],{},[52,67907,67909],{"className":54,"code":67908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67910,67911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67912,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67914,4129],{"class":75},[61,67916,80],{"class":79},[61,67918,83],{"class":75},[61,67920,10418],{"class":79},[61,67922,83],{"class":75},[61,67924,86],{"class":79},[61,67926,83],{"class":75},[61,67928,95],{"class":79},[61,67930,98],{"class":75},[14,67932,67933],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[52,67935,67937],{"className":54,"code":67936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67938,67939,67959,67973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67940,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67942,68],{"class":67},[61,67944,72],{"class":71},[61,67946,76],{"class":75},[61,67948,80],{"class":79},[61,67950,83],{"class":75},[61,67952,86],{"class":79},[61,67954,83],{"class":75},[61,67956,95],{"class":79},[61,67958,98],{"class":75},[61,67960,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,67962,117],{"class":67},[61,67964,4129],{"class":75},[61,67966,80],{"class":79},[61,67968,13495],{"class":75},[61,67970,13498],{"class":71},[61,67972,14351],{"class":79},[61,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,67976,127],{"class":126},[61,67978,113],{"class":75},[61,67980,117],{"class":116},[61,67982,120],{"class":75},[14,67984,139],{},[52,67986,67988],{"className":54,"code":67987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67989,67990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,67991,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,67993,4129],{"class":75},[61,67995,80],{"class":79},[61,67997,83],{"class":75},[61,67999,10418],{"class":79},[61,68001,83],{"class":75},[61,68003,95],{"class":79},[61,68005,98],{"class":75},[819,68007,68009],{"id":68008},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,68011,68012,68014],{},[18,68013,54492],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,68016,68017],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[52,68019,68021],{"className":54,"code":68020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,68022,68023,68039,68063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68026,68],{"class":67},[61,68028,72],{"class":71},[61,68030,76],{"class":75},[61,68032,80],{"class":79},[61,68034,83],{"class":75},[61,68036,1178],{"class":79},[61,68038,98],{"class":75},[61,68040,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053,68055,68057,68059,68061],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68042,117],{"class":67},[61,68044,26],{"class":75},[61,68046,54175],{"class":116},[61,68048,113],{"class":75},[61,68050,80],{"class":79},[61,68052,83],{"class":75},[61,68054,76],{"class":75},[61,68056,2310],{"class":79},[61,68058,83],{"class":75},[61,68060,95],{"class":79},[61,68062,1474],{"class":75},[61,68064,68065,68067,68069,68071],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,68066,127],{"class":126},[61,68068,113],{"class":75},[61,68070,117],{"class":116},[61,68072,120],{"class":75},[14,68074,139],{},[52,68076,68078],{"className":54,"code":68077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,68079,68080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68081,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68083,4129],{"class":75},[61,68085,80],{"class":79},[61,68087,83],{"class":75},[61,68089,76],{"class":75},[61,68091,2310],{"class":79},[61,68093,83],{"class":75},[61,68095,95],{"class":79},[61,68097,1316],{"class":75},[61,68099,1178],{"class":79},[61,68101,98],{"class":75},[14,68103,68104,68105,26],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[334,68106,55744,68107,10961],{"href":53568},[18,68108,53670],{},[819,68110,68112],{"id":68111},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68114,9101,68115,68117],{},[18,68116,54492],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[52,68119,68121],{"className":54,"code":68120,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,68122,68123,68133,68147,68165,68179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68124,68125,68127,68129,68131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68126,127],{"class":126},[61,68128,113],{"class":75},[61,68130,8569],{"class":116},[61,68132,120],{"class":75},[61,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68136,127],{"class":126},[61,68138,113],{"class":75},[61,68140,1948],{"class":126},[61,68142,113],{"class":75},[61,68144,8569],{"class":116},[61,68146,480],{"class":75},[61,68148,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,68150,127],{"class":126},[61,68152,113],{"class":75},[61,68154,8569],{"class":116},[61,68156,26],{"class":75},[61,68158,54175],{"class":24971},[61,68160,26],{"class":75},[61,68162,34668],{"class":34675},[61,68164,120],{"class":75},[61,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,68168,32373],{"class":126},[61,68170,113],{"class":75},[61,68172,383],{"class":109},[61,68174,26],{"class":75},[61,68176,54175],{"class":24971},[61,68178,120],{"class":75},[61,68180,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,68182,648],{"class":109},[61,68184,113],{"class":75},[61,68186,8569],{"class":116},[61,68188,120],{"class":75},[14,68190,68191],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[34,68193,68194,68197,68200,68203],{},[37,68195,68196],{},"What is currently in the list",[37,68198,68199],{},"How long the list is",[37,68201,68202],{},"That you are working with a real list",[37,68204,68205],{},"How Python describes the method",[47,68207,5189,68209],{"id":68208},"when-to-use-insert",[18,68210,54492],{},[14,68212,165,68213,68215],{},[18,68214,54492],{}," when position matters.",[14,68217,36647],{},[34,68219,68220,68223,68226,68229],{},[37,68221,68222],{},"Ordered menus",[37,68224,68225],{},"Rankings or score lists",[37,68227,68228],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[37,68230,68231],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68233,68234,68235,68237,68238,68240,68241,68243],{},"You usually do ",[23,68236,704],{}," need ",[18,68239,54492],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,68242,52876],{}," is simpler.",[14,68245,68246,68247,26],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[334,68248,57379],{"href":57378},[47,68250,1987],{"id":1986},[819,68252,12927,68254,55693],{"id":68253},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68255,54135],{},[14,68257,68258,68259,26],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68260,4012],{},[819,68262,68264],{"id":68263},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68266,68267],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[819,68269,5398,68271,68273],{"id":68270},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68272,54135],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68275,68276,68277,68279],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68278,53670],{}," or slicing.",[819,68281,5408,68283,4621,68285,2735],{"id":68282},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68284,54492],{},[18,68286,52876],{},[14,68288,68289,68291,68292,68294],{},[18,68290,54492],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68293,52876],{}," adds only at the end.",[47,68296,2144],{"id":2143},[34,68298,68299,68305,68311,68315,68319,68323],{},[37,68300,68301],{},[334,68302,55744,68303,10961],{"href":56993},[18,68304,52876],{},[37,68306,68307],{},[334,68308,55744,68309,10961],{"href":53568},[18,68310,53670],{},[37,68312,68313],{},[334,68314,54502],{"href":53272},[37,68316,68317],{},[334,68318,52995],{"href":51203},[37,68320,68321],{},[334,68322,57453],{"href":57378},[37,68324,68325],{},[334,68326,30568,68327,33855],{"href":54520},[18,68328,68329],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2169,68331,68332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":68334},[68335,68337,68338,68339,68345,68352,68361,68363,68372],{"id":66520,"depth":101,"text":68336},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660},{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":66892,"depth":101,"text":66893,"children":68340},[68341,68342,68343,68344],{"id":66904,"depth":123,"text":66905},{"id":66995,"depth":123,"text":66996},{"id":67081,"depth":123,"text":67082},{"id":67167,"depth":123,"text":67168},{"id":67297,"depth":101,"text":68346,"children":68347},"insert() vs append()",[68348,68350],{"id":67307,"depth":123,"text":68349},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67320,"depth":123,"text":68351},"Use append() when:",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":68353},[68354,68356,68357,68359,68360],{"id":67521,"depth":123,"text":68355},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67691,"depth":123,"text":67692},{"id":67842,"depth":123,"text":68358},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68008,"depth":123,"text":68009},{"id":68111,"depth":123,"text":68112},{"id":68208,"depth":101,"text":68362},"When to use insert()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":68364},[68365,68367,68368,68370],{"id":68253,"depth":123,"text":68366},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68263,"depth":123,"text":68264},{"id":68270,"depth":123,"text":68369},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68282,"depth":123,"text":68371},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66430,"description":68373},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68380,"title":68381,"body":68382,"description":69937,"extension":2216,"meta":69938,"navigation":271,"path":59198,"seo":69939,"stem":69940,"__hash__":69941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68383,"toc":69910},[68384,68390,68399,68448,68450,68458,68464,68466,68484,68490,68495,68498,68501,68516,68518,68570,68572,68580,68588,68595,68597,68603,68668,68670,68678,68680,68699,68702,68753,68757,68762,68789,68791,68799,68802,68871,68873,68888,68894,68898,68907,68910,68965,68967,68975,68978,68980,69025,69027,69035,69041,69043,69051,69054,69056,69095,69097,69136,69141,69143,69145,69180,69183,69185,69223,69227,69233,69235,69286,69288,69296,69303,69306,69327,69330,69385,69396,69398,69459,69461,69470,69477,69483,69486,69489,69546,69549,69562,69569,69575,69581,69583,69596,69599,69696,69698,69715,69718,69800,69802,69824,69831,69837,69839,69843,69849,69855,69860,69864,69867,69873,69880,69882,69907],[10,68385,68387,68388,3893],{"id":68386},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68389,1948],{},[14,68391,68392,68393,68395,68396,68398],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68394,42584],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68397,42584],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[52,68400,68402],{"className":54,"code":68401,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68403,68404,68424,68438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68405,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68407,68],{"class":67},[61,68409,72],{"class":71},[61,68411,76],{"class":75},[61,68413,447],{"class":79},[61,68415,83],{"class":75},[61,68417,452],{"class":79},[61,68419,83],{"class":75},[61,68421,8025],{"class":79},[61,68423,98],{"class":75},[61,68425,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68427,41464],{"class":67},[61,68429,72],{"class":71},[61,68431,38607],{"class":126},[61,68433,113],{"class":75},[61,68435,117],{"class":116},[61,68437,120],{"class":75},[61,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,68441,127],{"class":126},[61,68443,113],{"class":75},[61,68445,41482],{"class":116},[61,68447,120],{"class":75},[14,68449,139],{},[52,68451,68452],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68453,68454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68455,68456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68457,46840],{"class":79},[14,68459,165,68460,68463],{},[18,68461,68462],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[47,68465,15384],{"id":15383},[34,68467,68468,68473,68478,68481],{},[37,68469,4425,68470,68472],{},[18,68471,42584],{}," works with Python lists",[37,68474,68475,68476,11927],{},"What value ",[18,68477,42584],{},[37,68479,68480],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[37,68482,68483],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[47,68485,3911,68487,68489],{"id":68486},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68488,42584],{}," returns for a list",[14,68491,68492,65303],{},[18,68493,68494],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68496,68497],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68499,68500],{},"A few important points:",[34,68502,68503,68506,68511],{},[37,68504,68505],{},"It counts list items",[37,68507,41128,68508,68510],{},[23,68509,704],{}," count characters inside a string item",[37,68512,68513,68514],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68515,582],{},[14,68517,197],{},[52,68519,68521],{"className":54,"code":68520,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68522,68523,68556],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68524,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68526,4298],{"class":67},[61,68528,72],{"class":71},[61,68530,76],{"class":75},[61,68532,215],{"class":214},[61,68534,37269],{"class":218},[61,68536,215],{"class":214},[61,68538,83],{"class":75},[61,68540,226],{"class":214},[61,68542,68543],{"class":218},"elephant",[61,68545,215],{"class":214},[61,68547,83],{"class":75},[61,68549,226],{"class":214},[61,68551,58352],{"class":218},[61,68553,215],{"class":214},[61,68555,98],{"class":75},[61,68557,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68559,127],{"class":126},[61,68561,113],{"class":75},[61,68563,1948],{"class":126},[61,68565,113],{"class":75},[61,68567,4340],{"class":116},[61,68569,480],{"class":75},[14,68571,139],{},[52,68573,68574],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68575,68576],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68577,68578],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68579,46840],{"class":79},[14,68581,21198,68582,68585,68586,65310],{},[18,68583,68584],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[23,68587,52880],{},[14,68589,68590,68591,26],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[334,68592,3808,68593,3741],{"href":42581},[18,68594,42584],{},[47,68596,6015],{"id":6014},[14,68598,68599,68600,68602],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68601,42584],{},", and print the result.",[52,68604,68606],{"className":54,"code":68605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68607,68608,68640,68654,68658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68611,207],{"class":67},[61,68613,72],{"class":71},[61,68615,76],{"class":75},[61,68617,215],{"class":214},[61,68619,219],{"class":218},[61,68621,215],{"class":214},[61,68623,83],{"class":75},[61,68625,226],{"class":214},[61,68627,246],{"class":218},[61,68629,215],{"class":214},[61,68631,83],{"class":75},[61,68633,226],{"class":214},[61,68635,229],{"class":218},[61,68637,215],{"class":214},[61,68639,98],{"class":75},[61,68641,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68643,41464],{"class":67},[61,68645,72],{"class":71},[61,68647,38607],{"class":126},[61,68649,113],{"class":75},[61,68651,264],{"class":116},[61,68653,120],{"class":75},[61,68655,68656],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,68657,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,68659,68660,68662,68664,68666],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,68661,127],{"class":126},[61,68663,113],{"class":75},[61,68665,41482],{"class":116},[61,68667,120],{"class":75},[14,68669,139],{},[52,68671,68672],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68673,68674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68675,68676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68677,46840],{"class":79},[14,68679,11905],{},[34,68681,68682,68687,68694],{},[37,68683,68684,68686],{},[18,68685,264],{}," is a list with 3 items",[37,68688,68689,2642,68692],{},[18,68690,68691],{},"len(colors)",[18,68693,1321],{},[37,68695,68696,68697],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68698,41482],{},[14,68700,68701],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[52,68703,68705],{"className":54,"code":68704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68706,68707,68739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68708,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68710,207],{"class":67},[61,68712,72],{"class":71},[61,68714,76],{"class":75},[61,68716,215],{"class":214},[61,68718,219],{"class":218},[61,68720,215],{"class":214},[61,68722,83],{"class":75},[61,68724,226],{"class":214},[61,68726,246],{"class":218},[61,68728,215],{"class":214},[61,68730,83],{"class":75},[61,68732,226],{"class":214},[61,68734,229],{"class":218},[61,68736,215],{"class":214},[61,68738,98],{"class":75},[61,68740,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68742,127],{"class":126},[61,68744,113],{"class":75},[61,68746,1948],{"class":126},[61,68748,113],{"class":75},[61,68750,264],{"class":116},[61,68752,480],{"class":75},[47,68754,68756],{"id":68755},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68758,68759,68760,26],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68761,582],{},[52,68763,68765],{"className":54,"code":68764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68766,68767,68775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68768,68769,68771,68773],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68770,1230],{"class":67},[61,68772,72],{"class":71},[61,68774,8068],{"class":75},[61,68776,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68778,127],{"class":126},[61,68780,113],{"class":75},[61,68782,1948],{"class":126},[61,68784,113],{"class":75},[61,68786,1267],{"class":116},[61,68788,480],{"class":75},[14,68790,139],{},[52,68792,68793],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68794,68795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68796,68797],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68798,47475],{"class":79},[14,68800,68801],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[52,68803,68805],{"className":54,"code":68804,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68806,68807,68815,68819,68837,68851,68857],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68808,68809,68811,68813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68810,1230],{"class":67},[61,68812,72],{"class":71},[61,68814,8068],{"class":75},[61,68816,68817],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68818,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,68820,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,68822,7227],{"class":1490},[61,68824,38607],{"class":126},[61,68826,113],{"class":75},[61,68828,1267],{"class":116},[61,68830,3893],{"class":75},[61,68832,38617],{"class":71},[61,68834,4065],{"class":79},[61,68836,6621],{"class":75},[61,68838,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,68840,8299],{"class":126},[61,68842,113],{"class":75},[61,68844,1267],{"class":116},[61,68846,4129],{"class":75},[61,68848,582],{"class":79},[61,68850,1474],{"class":75},[61,68852,68853,68855],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,68854,27655],{"class":1490},[61,68856,6621],{"class":75},[61,68858,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,68860,8299],{"class":126},[61,68862,113],{"class":75},[61,68864,215],{"class":214},[61,68866,52039],{"class":218},[61,68868,215],{"class":214},[61,68870,120],{"class":75},[14,68872,139],{},[52,68874,68876],{"className":54,"code":68875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The list is empty\n",[18,68877,68878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68879,68880,68882,68884,68886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68881,2233],{"class":67},[61,68883,383],{"class":109},[61,68885,8326],{"class":71},[61,68887,8332],{"class":67},[14,68889,68890,68891,68893],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[334,68892,52995],{"href":51203}," is a good next step.",[47,68895,68897],{"id":68896},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68899,68900,68902,68903,68906],{},[18,68901,42584],{}," counts only the ",[23,68904,68905],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68908,68909],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[52,68911,68913],{"className":54,"code":68912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68914,68915,68951],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68916,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68918,9390],{"class":67},[61,68920,72],{"class":71},[61,68922,56518],{"class":75},[61,68924,80],{"class":79},[61,68926,83],{"class":75},[61,68928,86],{"class":79},[61,68930,1316],{"class":75},[61,68932,76],{"class":75},[61,68934,1321],{"class":79},[61,68936,83],{"class":75},[61,68938,1178],{"class":79},[61,68940,1316],{"class":75},[61,68942,76],{"class":75},[61,68944,945],{"class":79},[61,68946,83],{"class":75},[61,68948,37865],{"class":79},[61,68950,53466],{"class":75},[61,68952,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,68954,127],{"class":126},[61,68956,113],{"class":75},[61,68958,1948],{"class":126},[61,68960,113],{"class":75},[61,68962,9429],{"class":116},[61,68964,480],{"class":75},[14,68966,139],{},[52,68968,68969],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,68970,68971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68972,68973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68974,46840],{"class":79},[14,68976,68977],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68979,52303],{},[52,68981,68983],{"className":54,"code":68982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68984,68985,69011],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,68986,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,68988,59698],{"class":67},[61,68990,72],{"class":71},[61,68992,76],{"class":75},[61,68994,80],{"class":79},[61,68996,83],{"class":75},[61,68998,76],{"class":75},[61,69000,2310],{"class":79},[61,69002,83],{"class":75},[61,69004,95],{"class":79},[61,69006,1316],{"class":75},[61,69008,1178],{"class":79},[61,69010,98],{"class":75},[61,69012,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69014,127],{"class":126},[61,69016,113],{"class":75},[61,69018,1948],{"class":126},[61,69020,113],{"class":75},[61,69022,59751],{"class":116},[61,69024,480],{"class":75},[14,69026,139],{},[52,69028,69029],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,69030,69031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69032,69033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69034,46840],{"class":79},[14,69036,21198,69037,69040],{},[18,69038,69039],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[47,69042,4747],{"id":4746},[819,69044,1750,69046,11313,69049],{"id":69045},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,69047,69048],{},"my_list.len()",[18,69050,68494],{},[14,69052,69053],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,69055,16864],{},[52,69057,69059],{"className":54,"code":69058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,69060,69061,69081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69062,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69064,68],{"class":67},[61,69066,72],{"class":71},[61,69068,76],{"class":75},[61,69070,447],{"class":79},[61,69072,83],{"class":75},[61,69074,452],{"class":79},[61,69076,83],{"class":75},[61,69078,8025],{"class":79},[61,69080,98],{"class":75},[61,69082,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69084,127],{"class":126},[61,69086,113],{"class":75},[61,69088,117],{"class":116},[61,69090,26],{"class":75},[61,69092,1948],{"class":116},[61,69094,7424],{"class":75},[14,69096,16876],{},[52,69098,69100],{"className":54,"code":69099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,69101,69102,69122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69103,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69105,68],{"class":67},[61,69107,72],{"class":71},[61,69109,76],{"class":75},[61,69111,447],{"class":79},[61,69113,83],{"class":75},[61,69115,452],{"class":79},[61,69117,83],{"class":75},[61,69119,8025],{"class":79},[61,69121,98],{"class":75},[61,69123,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69125,127],{"class":126},[61,69127,113],{"class":75},[61,69129,1948],{"class":126},[61,69131,113],{"class":75},[61,69133,117],{"class":116},[61,69135,480],{"class":75},[14,69137,69138,69140],{},[18,69139,42584],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[819,69142,25908],{"id":25907},[14,69144,16864],{},[52,69146,69148],{"className":54,"code":69147,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,69149,69150,69170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69151,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69153,68],{"class":67},[61,69155,72],{"class":71},[61,69157,76],{"class":75},[61,69159,447],{"class":79},[61,69161,83],{"class":75},[61,69163,452],{"class":79},[61,69165,83],{"class":75},[61,69167,8025],{"class":79},[61,69169,98],{"class":75},[61,69171,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69173,127],{"class":126},[61,69175,113],{"class":75},[61,69177,1948],{"class":126},[61,69179,120],{"class":75},[14,69181,69182],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69184,16876],{},[52,69186,69187],{"className":54,"code":69099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,69188,69189,69209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69190,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69192,68],{"class":67},[61,69194,72],{"class":71},[61,69196,76],{"class":75},[61,69198,447],{"class":79},[61,69200,83],{"class":75},[61,69202,452],{"class":79},[61,69204,83],{"class":75},[61,69206,8025],{"class":79},[61,69208,98],{"class":75},[61,69210,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69212,127],{"class":126},[61,69214,113],{"class":75},[61,69216,1948],{"class":126},[61,69218,113],{"class":75},[61,69220,117],{"class":116},[61,69222,480],{"class":75},[819,69224,69226],{"id":69225},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69228,69229,69230,69232],{},"The length of a list is ",[23,69231,704],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69234,197],{},[52,69236,69238],{"className":54,"code":69237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,69239,69240,69272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69241,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69243,36312],{"class":67},[61,69245,72],{"class":71},[61,69247,76],{"class":75},[61,69249,215],{"class":214},[61,69251,334],{"class":218},[61,69253,215],{"class":214},[61,69255,83],{"class":75},[61,69257,226],{"class":214},[61,69259,765],{"class":218},[61,69261,215],{"class":214},[61,69263,83],{"class":75},[61,69265,226],{"class":214},[61,69267,9961],{"class":218},[61,69269,215],{"class":214},[61,69271,98],{"class":75},[61,69273,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69275,127],{"class":126},[61,69277,113],{"class":75},[61,69279,1948],{"class":126},[61,69281,113],{"class":75},[61,69283,36365],{"class":116},[61,69285,480],{"class":75},[14,69287,139],{},[52,69289,69290],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,69291,69292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69293,69294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69295,46840],{"class":79},[14,69297,69298,69299,19183,69301,26],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69300,2310],{},[18,69302,1321],{},[14,69304,69305],{},"Indexes are:",[34,69307,69308,69315,69321],{},[37,69309,69310,69312,69313],{},[18,69311,582],{}," for ",[18,69314,18315],{},[37,69316,69317,69312,69319],{},[18,69318,80],{},[18,69320,65812],{},[37,69322,69323,69312,69325],{},[18,69324,2310],{},[18,69326,66698],{},[14,69328,69329],{},"So this causes an error:",[52,69331,69333],{"className":54,"code":69332,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69334,69335,69367],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69336,69337,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69338,36312],{"class":67},[61,69340,72],{"class":71},[61,69342,76],{"class":75},[61,69344,215],{"class":214},[61,69346,334],{"class":218},[61,69348,215],{"class":214},[61,69350,83],{"class":75},[61,69352,226],{"class":214},[61,69354,765],{"class":218},[61,69356,215],{"class":214},[61,69358,83],{"class":75},[61,69360,226],{"class":214},[61,69362,9961],{"class":218},[61,69364,215],{"class":214},[61,69366,98],{"class":75},[61,69368,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69370,127],{"class":126},[61,69372,113],{"class":75},[61,69374,36365],{"class":116},[61,69376,4129],{"class":75},[61,69378,1948],{"class":126},[61,69380,113],{"class":75},[61,69382,36365],{"class":116},[61,69384,10899],{"class":75},[14,69386,8725,69387,5011,69390,69392,69393,69395],{},[18,69388,69389],{},"len(letters)",[18,69391,1321],{},", and index ",[18,69394,1321],{}," does not exist.",[14,69397,19060],{},[52,69399,69401],{"className":54,"code":69400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69402,69403,69435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69404,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69406,36312],{"class":67},[61,69408,72],{"class":71},[61,69410,76],{"class":75},[61,69412,215],{"class":214},[61,69414,334],{"class":218},[61,69416,215],{"class":214},[61,69418,83],{"class":75},[61,69420,226],{"class":214},[61,69422,765],{"class":218},[61,69424,215],{"class":214},[61,69426,83],{"class":75},[61,69428,226],{"class":214},[61,69430,9961],{"class":218},[61,69432,215],{"class":214},[61,69434,98],{"class":75},[61,69436,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69438,127],{"class":126},[61,69440,113],{"class":75},[61,69442,36365],{"class":116},[61,69444,4129],{"class":75},[61,69446,1948],{"class":126},[61,69448,113],{"class":75},[61,69450,36365],{"class":116},[61,69452,3893],{"class":75},[61,69454,2469],{"class":71},[61,69456,587],{"class":79},[61,69458,1474],{"class":75},[14,69460,139],{},[52,69462,69464],{"className":54,"code":69463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"c\n",[18,69465,69466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69467,69468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69469,69463],{"class":67},[14,69471,69472,69473,26],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[334,69474,69476],{"href":69475},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[819,69478,1750,69480,69482],{"id":69479},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69481,42584],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69484,69485],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69487,69488],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[52,69490,69492],{"className":54,"code":69491,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69493,69494,69504,69518,69532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69495,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69497,127],{"class":126},[61,69499,113],{"class":75},[61,69501,8569],{"class":116},[61,69503,120],{"class":75},[61,69505,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69507,127],{"class":126},[61,69509,113],{"class":75},[61,69511,1948],{"class":126},[61,69513,113],{"class":75},[61,69515,8569],{"class":116},[61,69517,480],{"class":75},[61,69519,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,69521,127],{"class":126},[61,69523,113],{"class":75},[61,69525,648],{"class":109},[61,69527,113],{"class":75},[61,69529,8569],{"class":116},[61,69531,480],{"class":75},[61,69533,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,69535,127],{"class":126},[61,69537,113],{"class":75},[61,69539,8569],{"class":116},[61,69541,4129],{"class":75},[61,69543,582],{"class":79},[61,69545,1474],{"class":75},[14,69547,69548],{},"These help you verify:",[34,69550,69551,69554,69556,69559],{},[37,69552,69553],{},"what the variable contains",[37,69555,61003],{},[37,69557,69558],{},"whether it is really a list",[37,69560,69561],{},"what the first item is",[14,69563,69564,69565,69568],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69566,69567],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[47,69570,5189,69572,69574],{"id":69571},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69573,42584],{}," with lists",[14,69576,69577,69578,69580],{},"You will often use ",[18,69579,42584],{}," in real programs.",[14,69582,9595],{},[34,69584,69585,69587,69590,69593],{},[37,69586,51993],{},[37,69588,69589],{},"Control loops",[37,69591,69592],{},"Validate input or results",[37,69594,69595],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69597,69598],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[52,69600,69602],{"className":54,"code":69601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69603,69604,69624,69640,69644,69658,69672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69605,69606,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69607,717],{"class":67},[61,69609,72],{"class":71},[61,69611,76],{"class":75},[61,69613,80],{"class":79},[61,69615,83],{"class":75},[61,69617,86],{"class":79},[61,69619,83],{"class":75},[61,69621,95],{"class":79},[61,69623,98],{"class":75},[61,69625,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69627,728],{"class":67},[61,69629,72],{"class":71},[61,69631,76],{"class":75},[61,69633,447],{"class":79},[61,69635,83],{"class":75},[61,69637,452],{"class":79},[61,69639,98],{"class":75},[61,69641,69642],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,69643,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,69645,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,69647,127],{"class":126},[61,69649,113],{"class":75},[61,69651,1948],{"class":126},[61,69653,113],{"class":75},[61,69655,334],{"class":116},[61,69657,480],{"class":75},[61,69659,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,69661,127],{"class":126},[61,69663,113],{"class":75},[61,69665,1948],{"class":126},[61,69667,113],{"class":75},[61,69669,765],{"class":116},[61,69671,480],{"class":75},[61,69673,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,69675,127],{"class":126},[61,69677,113],{"class":75},[61,69679,1948],{"class":126},[61,69681,113],{"class":75},[61,69683,334],{"class":116},[61,69685,3893],{"class":75},[61,69687,38617],{"class":71},[61,69689,38607],{"class":126},[61,69691,113],{"class":75},[61,69693,765],{"class":116},[61,69695,480],{"class":75},[14,69697,139],{},[52,69699,69701],{"className":54,"code":69700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69702,69703,69707,69711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69704,69705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69706,46840],{"class":79},[61,69708,69709],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69710,17277],{"class":79},[61,69712,69713],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,69714,1524],{"class":1523},[14,69716,69717],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[52,69719,69721],{"className":54,"code":69720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69722,69723,69755,69759,69781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69724,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69726,5223],{"class":67},[61,69728,72],{"class":71},[61,69730,76],{"class":75},[61,69732,215],{"class":214},[61,69734,13104],{"class":218},[61,69736,215],{"class":214},[61,69738,83],{"class":75},[61,69740,226],{"class":214},[61,69742,36162],{"class":218},[61,69744,215],{"class":214},[61,69746,83],{"class":75},[61,69748,226],{"class":214},[61,69750,36171],{"class":218},[61,69752,215],{"class":214},[61,69754,98],{"class":75},[61,69756,69757],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69758,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,69760,69761,69763,69766,69768,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,69762,6186],{"class":1490},[61,69764,69765],{"class":67}," i ",[61,69767,1433],{"class":1490},[61,69769,54294],{"class":126},[61,69771,113],{"class":75},[61,69773,1948],{"class":126},[61,69775,113],{"class":75},[61,69777,5267],{"class":116},[61,69779,69780],{"class":75},")):\n",[61,69782,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69794,69796,69798],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,69784,8299],{"class":126},[61,69786,113],{"class":75},[61,69788,36376],{"class":116},[61,69790,83],{"class":75},[61,69792,69793],{"class":116}," names",[61,69795,4129],{"class":75},[61,69797,36376],{"class":116},[61,69799,1474],{"class":75},[14,69801,139],{},[52,69803,69804],{"className":54,"code":36220,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,69805,69806,69812,69818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69807,69808,69810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69809,582],{"class":79},[61,69811,36229],{"class":67},[61,69813,69814,69816],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,69815,80],{"class":79},[61,69817,36236],{"class":67},[61,69819,69820,69822],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,69821,2310],{"class":79},[61,69823,36243],{"class":67},[14,69825,69826,69827,26],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[334,69828,69830],{"href":69829},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69832,69833,69834,69836],{},"You can also read ",[334,69835,51770],{"href":51769}," for a task-focused guide.",[47,69838,1987],{"id":1986},[819,69840,69842],{"id":69841},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69844,165,69845,69848],{},[18,69846,69847],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[819,69850,5371,69852,12939],{"id":69851},"what-does-len-return",[18,69853,69854],{},"len([])",[14,69856,5377,69857,69859],{},[18,69858,582],{}," because the list is empty.",[819,69861,69863],{"id":69862},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69865,69866],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[819,69868,28550,69870,69872],{"id":69869},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69871,69048],{}," in Python?",[14,69874,30491,69875,8452,69877,69879],{},[18,69876,68494],{},[18,69878,42584],{}," is a built-in function.",[47,69881,2144],{"id":2143},[34,69883,69884,69890,69894,69898,69902],{},[37,69885,69886],{},[334,69887,3808,69888,3741],{"href":42581},[18,69889,42584],{},[37,69891,69892],{},[334,69893,52814],{"href":51769},[37,69895,69896],{},[334,69897,52995],{"href":51203},[37,69899,69900],{},[334,69901,69476],{"href":69475},[37,69903,69904],{},[334,69905,69906],{"href":69829},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2169,69908,69909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":69911},[69912,69913,69915,69916,69917,69918,69926,69928,69936],{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":68486,"depth":101,"text":69914},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":68755,"depth":101,"text":68756},{"id":68896,"depth":101,"text":68897},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":69919},[69920,69922,69923,69924],{"id":69045,"depth":123,"text":69921},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25907,"depth":123,"text":25908},{"id":69225,"depth":123,"text":69226},{"id":69479,"depth":123,"text":69925},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69571,"depth":101,"text":69927},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":69929},[69930,69931,69933,69934],{"id":69841,"depth":123,"text":69842},{"id":69851,"depth":123,"text":69932},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69862,"depth":123,"text":69863},{"id":69869,"depth":123,"text":69935},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68381,"description":69937},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69943,"title":69944,"body":69945,"description":71927,"extension":2216,"meta":71928,"navigation":271,"path":71929,"seo":71930,"stem":71931,"__hash__":71932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69946,"toc":71900},[69947,69950,69955,69958,69966,69979,69981,70046,70048,70070,70075,70079,70084,70092,70094,70104,70106,70187,70189,70219,70221,70240,70245,70262,70264,70348,70350,70380,70385,70389,70395,70479,70481,70511,70514,70518,70521,70612,70614,70652,70655,70740,70742,70772,70778,70785,70789,70794,70803,70805,70890,70892,70921,70924,70932,70936,70940,70949,70972,70974,70996,70998,71012,71014,71074,71078,71083,71122,71124,71141,71143,71153,71252,71257,71261,71266,71309,71311,71339,71341,71355,71430,71432,71454,71458,71461,71466,71477,71482,71490,71493,71564,71566,71591,71648,71650,71671,71680,71688,71693,71695,71700,71721,71724,71799,71802,71816,71823,71825,71829,71835,71839,71849,71853,71860,71864,71870,71872,71897],[10,69948,69944],{"id":69949},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69951,69952,69954],{},[18,69953,55306],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69956,69957],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[34,69959,69960,69963],{},[37,69961,69962],{},"delete an item from a list",[37,69964,69965],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69967,69968,69969,69971,69972,1877,69974,69978],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69970,12986],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69973,12986],{},[334,69975,69976],{"href":55296},[18,69977,55753],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[47,69980,50],{"id":49},[52,69982,69984],{"className":54,"code":69983,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69985,69986,70006,70021,70025,70036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,69987,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,69989,68],{"class":67},[61,69991,72],{"class":71},[61,69993,76],{"class":75},[61,69995,447],{"class":79},[61,69997,83],{"class":75},[61,69999,452],{"class":79},[61,70001,83],{"class":75},[61,70003,8025],{"class":79},[61,70005,98],{"class":75},[61,70007,70008,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70009,70010],{"class":67},"last_item ",[61,70012,72],{"class":71},[61,70014,4490],{"class":67},[61,70016,26],{"class":75},[61,70018,26462],{"class":116},[61,70020,628],{"class":75},[61,70022,70023],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70024,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70026,70027,70029,70031,70034],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70028,127],{"class":126},[61,70030,113],{"class":75},[61,70032,70033],{"class":116},"last_item",[61,70035,120],{"class":75},[61,70037,70038,70040,70042,70044],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70039,127],{"class":126},[61,70041,113],{"class":75},[61,70043,117],{"class":116},[61,70045,120],{"class":75},[14,70047,139],{},[52,70049,70051],{"className":54,"code":70050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,70052,70053,70058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70054,70055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70056,70057],{"class":79},"30\n",[61,70059,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70061,4129],{"class":75},[61,70063,447],{"class":79},[61,70065,83],{"class":75},[61,70067,452],{"class":79},[61,70069,98],{"class":75},[14,70071,165,70072,70074],{},[18,70073,12986],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[47,70076,70078],{"id":70077},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,70080,70081,70083],{},[18,70082,12986],{}," has two main jobs:",[34,70085,70086,70089],{},[37,70087,70088],{},"It removes one item from a list",[37,70090,70091],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,70093,43874],{},[34,70095,70096,70099,70102],{},[37,70097,70098],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[37,70100,70101],{},"It changes the original list",[37,70103,52969],{},[14,70105,197],{},[52,70107,70109],{"className":54,"code":70108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,70110,70111,70143,70147,70162,70166,70177],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70112,70113,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70114,207],{"class":67},[61,70116,72],{"class":71},[61,70118,76],{"class":75},[61,70120,215],{"class":214},[61,70122,219],{"class":218},[61,70124,215],{"class":214},[61,70126,83],{"class":75},[61,70128,226],{"class":214},[61,70130,246],{"class":218},[61,70132,215],{"class":214},[61,70134,83],{"class":75},[61,70136,226],{"class":214},[61,70138,229],{"class":218},[61,70140,215],{"class":214},[61,70142,98],{"class":75},[61,70144,70145],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70146,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70148,70149,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70150,70151],{"class":67},"removed ",[61,70153,72],{"class":71},[61,70155,13345],{"class":67},[61,70157,26],{"class":75},[61,70159,26462],{"class":116},[61,70161,628],{"class":75},[61,70163,70164],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70165,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70167,70168,70170,70172,70175],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70169,127],{"class":126},[61,70171,113],{"class":75},[61,70173,70174],{"class":116},"removed",[61,70176,120],{"class":75},[61,70178,70179,70181,70183,70185],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70180,127],{"class":126},[61,70182,113],{"class":75},[61,70184,264],{"class":116},[61,70186,120],{"class":75},[14,70188,139],{},[52,70190,70192],{"className":54,"code":70191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,70193,70194,70199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70195,70196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70197,70198],{"class":67},"blue\n",[61,70200,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70202,4129],{"class":75},[61,70204,299],{"class":214},[61,70206,219],{"class":218},[61,70208,299],{"class":214},[61,70210,83],{"class":75},[61,70212,308],{"class":214},[61,70214,246],{"class":218},[61,70216,299],{"class":214},[61,70218,98],{"class":75},[47,70220,341],{"id":340},[52,70222,70224],{"className":54,"code":70223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,70225,70226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70227,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70229,383],{"class":109},[61,70231,26],{"class":75},[61,70233,26462],{"class":116},[61,70235,416],{"class":75},[61,70237,36067],{"class":116},[61,70239,1474],{"class":75},[14,70241,2233,70242,70244],{},[18,70243,36067],{}," is optional.",[34,70246,70247,70253,70259],{},[37,70248,70249,70250,70252],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70251,12986],{}," removes the last item",[37,70254,70255,70256,70258],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70257,12986],{}," removes the item at that position",[37,70260,70261],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70263,197],{},[52,70265,70267],{"className":54,"code":70266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70268,70269,70301,70305,70324,70328,70338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70270,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70272,36312],{"class":67},[61,70274,72],{"class":71},[61,70276,76],{"class":75},[61,70278,215],{"class":214},[61,70280,334],{"class":218},[61,70282,215],{"class":214},[61,70284,83],{"class":75},[61,70286,226],{"class":214},[61,70288,765],{"class":218},[61,70290,215],{"class":214},[61,70292,83],{"class":75},[61,70294,226],{"class":214},[61,70296,9961],{"class":218},[61,70298,215],{"class":214},[61,70300,98],{"class":75},[61,70302,70303],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70304,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70306,70307,70309,70311,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70308,28760],{"class":67},[61,70310,72],{"class":71},[61,70312,70313],{"class":67}," letters",[61,70315,26],{"class":75},[61,70317,26462],{"class":116},[61,70319,113],{"class":75},[61,70321,80],{"class":79},[61,70323,120],{"class":75},[61,70325,70326],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70327,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70329,70330,70332,70334,70336],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70331,127],{"class":126},[61,70333,113],{"class":75},[61,70335,23531],{"class":116},[61,70337,120],{"class":75},[61,70339,70340,70342,70344,70346],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70341,127],{"class":126},[61,70343,113],{"class":75},[61,70345,36365],{"class":116},[61,70347,120],{"class":75},[14,70349,139],{},[52,70351,70353],{"className":54,"code":70352,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70354,70355,70360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70356,70357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70358,70359],{"class":67},"b\n",[61,70361,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70363,4129],{"class":75},[61,70365,299],{"class":214},[61,70367,334],{"class":218},[61,70369,299],{"class":214},[61,70371,83],{"class":75},[61,70373,308],{"class":214},[61,70375,9961],{"class":218},[61,70377,299],{"class":214},[61,70379,98],{"class":75},[14,70381,70382,70383,26],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[334,70384,52995],{"href":51203},[47,70386,70388],{"id":70387},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70390,70391,70392,70394],{},"When you call ",[18,70393,12986],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[52,70396,70398],{"className":54,"code":70397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70399,70400,70435,70439,70454,70458,70469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70401,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70413,70415,70417,70419,70422,70424,70426,70428,70431,70433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70403,30119],{"class":67},[61,70405,72],{"class":71},[61,70407,76],{"class":75},[61,70409,215],{"class":214},[61,70411,70412],{"class":218},"write",[61,70414,215],{"class":214},[61,70416,83],{"class":75},[61,70418,226],{"class":214},[61,70420,70421],{"class":218},"test",[61,70423,215],{"class":214},[61,70425,83],{"class":75},[61,70427,226],{"class":214},[61,70429,70430],{"class":218},"submit",[61,70432,215],{"class":214},[61,70434,98],{"class":75},[61,70436,70437],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70438,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70440,70441,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70442,70443],{"class":67},"last_task ",[61,70445,72],{"class":71},[61,70447,30197],{"class":67},[61,70449,26],{"class":75},[61,70451,26462],{"class":116},[61,70453,628],{"class":75},[61,70455,70456],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70457,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70459,70460,70462,70464,70467],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70461,127],{"class":126},[61,70463,113],{"class":75},[61,70465,70466],{"class":116},"last_task",[61,70468,120],{"class":75},[61,70470,70471,70473,70475,70477],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70472,127],{"class":126},[61,70474,113],{"class":75},[61,70476,36727],{"class":116},[61,70478,120],{"class":75},[14,70480,139],{},[52,70482,70484],{"className":54,"code":70483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70485,70486,70491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70487,70488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70489,70490],{"class":67},"submit\n",[61,70492,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70494,4129],{"class":75},[61,70496,299],{"class":214},[61,70498,70412],{"class":218},[61,70500,299],{"class":214},[61,70502,83],{"class":75},[61,70504,308],{"class":214},[61,70506,70421],{"class":218},[61,70508,299],{"class":214},[61,70510,98],{"class":75},[14,70512,70513],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[47,70515,70517],{"id":70516},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70519,70520],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[52,70522,70524],{"className":54,"code":70523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70525,70526,70566,70570,70588,70592,70602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70527,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70529,36460],{"class":67},[61,70531,72],{"class":71},[61,70533,76],{"class":75},[61,70535,215],{"class":214},[61,70537,2042],{"class":218},[61,70539,215],{"class":214},[61,70541,83],{"class":75},[61,70543,226],{"class":214},[61,70545,1040],{"class":218},[61,70547,215],{"class":214},[61,70549,83],{"class":75},[61,70551,226],{"class":214},[61,70553,4323],{"class":218},[61,70555,215],{"class":214},[61,70557,83],{"class":75},[61,70559,226],{"class":214},[61,70561,33442],{"class":218},[61,70563,215],{"class":214},[61,70565,98],{"class":75},[61,70567,70568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70569,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70571,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70573,70151],{"class":67},[61,70575,72],{"class":71},[61,70577,53075],{"class":67},[61,70579,26],{"class":75},[61,70581,26462],{"class":116},[61,70583,113],{"class":75},[61,70585,80],{"class":79},[61,70587,120],{"class":75},[61,70589,70590],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70591,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70593,70594,70596,70598,70600],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70595,127],{"class":126},[61,70597,113],{"class":75},[61,70599,70174],{"class":116},[61,70601,120],{"class":75},[61,70603,70604,70606,70608,70610],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70605,127],{"class":126},[61,70607,113],{"class":75},[61,70609,36512],{"class":116},[61,70611,120],{"class":75},[14,70613,139],{},[52,70615,70617],{"className":54,"code":70616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70618,70619,70624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70620,70621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70622,70623],{"class":67},"banana\n",[61,70625,70626,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70627,4129],{"class":75},[61,70629,299],{"class":214},[61,70631,2042],{"class":218},[61,70633,299],{"class":214},[61,70635,83],{"class":75},[61,70637,308],{"class":214},[61,70639,4323],{"class":218},[61,70641,299],{"class":214},[61,70643,83],{"class":75},[61,70645,308],{"class":214},[61,70647,33442],{"class":218},[61,70649,299],{"class":214},[61,70651,98],{"class":75},[14,70653,70654],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[52,70656,70658],{"className":54,"code":70657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70659,70660,70692,70696,70716,70720,70730],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70661,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70663,36460],{"class":67},[61,70665,72],{"class":71},[61,70667,76],{"class":75},[61,70669,215],{"class":214},[61,70671,2042],{"class":218},[61,70673,215],{"class":214},[61,70675,83],{"class":75},[61,70677,226],{"class":214},[61,70679,1040],{"class":218},[61,70681,215],{"class":214},[61,70683,83],{"class":75},[61,70685,226],{"class":214},[61,70687,4323],{"class":218},[61,70689,215],{"class":214},[61,70691,98],{"class":75},[61,70693,70694],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70695,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70697,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70699,70151],{"class":67},[61,70701,72],{"class":71},[61,70703,53075],{"class":67},[61,70705,26],{"class":75},[61,70707,26462],{"class":116},[61,70709,113],{"class":75},[61,70711,2275],{"class":71},[61,70713,80],{"class":79},[61,70715,120],{"class":75},[61,70717,70718],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70719,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70723,127],{"class":126},[61,70725,113],{"class":75},[61,70727,70174],{"class":116},[61,70729,120],{"class":75},[61,70731,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70733,127],{"class":126},[61,70735,113],{"class":75},[61,70737,36512],{"class":116},[61,70739,120],{"class":75},[14,70741,139],{},[52,70743,70745],{"className":54,"code":70744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70746,70747,70752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70748,70749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70750,70751],{"class":67},"cherry\n",[61,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70755,4129],{"class":75},[61,70757,299],{"class":214},[61,70759,2042],{"class":218},[61,70761,299],{"class":214},[61,70763,83],{"class":75},[61,70765,308],{"class":214},[61,70767,1040],{"class":218},[61,70769,299],{"class":214},[61,70771,98],{"class":75},[14,70773,70774,70775,70777],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70776,66071],{}," means the last item.",[14,70779,70780,70781,26],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[334,70782,70783,10961],{"href":59190},[18,70784,65083],{},[47,70786,70788],{"id":70787},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70790,70791,70793],{},[18,70792,12986],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70795,70796,70797,4621,70799,26],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70798,12986],{},[334,70800,70801],{"href":55296},[18,70802,55753],{},[14,70804,197],{},[52,70806,70808],{"className":54,"code":70807,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70809,70810,70842,70846,70865,70869,70880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70811,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70813,5223],{"class":67},[61,70815,72],{"class":71},[61,70817,76],{"class":75},[61,70819,215],{"class":214},[61,70821,13104],{"class":218},[61,70823,215],{"class":214},[61,70825,83],{"class":75},[61,70827,226],{"class":214},[61,70829,36162],{"class":218},[61,70831,215],{"class":214},[61,70833,83],{"class":75},[61,70835,226],{"class":214},[61,70837,36171],{"class":218},[61,70839,215],{"class":214},[61,70841,98],{"class":75},[61,70843,70844],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70845,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70847,70848,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,70849,70850],{"class":67},"removed_name ",[61,70852,72],{"class":71},[61,70854,69793],{"class":67},[61,70856,26],{"class":75},[61,70858,26462],{"class":116},[61,70860,113],{"class":75},[61,70862,582],{"class":79},[61,70864,120],{"class":75},[61,70866,70867],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,70868,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,70870,70871,70873,70875,70878],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,70872,127],{"class":126},[61,70874,113],{"class":75},[61,70876,70877],{"class":116},"removed_name",[61,70879,120],{"class":75},[61,70881,70882,70884,70886,70888],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,70883,127],{"class":126},[61,70885,113],{"class":75},[61,70887,5267],{"class":116},[61,70889,120],{"class":75},[14,70891,139],{},[52,70893,70895],{"className":54,"code":70894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70896,70897,70901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70898,70899],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70900,50263],{"class":67},[61,70902,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70904,4129],{"class":75},[61,70906,299],{"class":214},[61,70908,36162],{"class":218},[61,70910,299],{"class":214},[61,70912,83],{"class":75},[61,70914,308],{"class":214},[61,70916,36171],{"class":218},[61,70918,299],{"class":214},[61,70920,98],{"class":75},[14,70922,70923],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70925,70926,70927,70929,70930,26],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70928,55753],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70931,4012],{},[47,70933,70935],{"id":70934},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[819,70937,70939],{"id":70938},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70941,70942,70943,70945,70946,26],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70944,12986],{}," raises an ",[18,70947,70948],{},"IndexError",[52,70950,70952],{"className":54,"code":70951,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70953,70954,70962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70955,70956,70958,70960],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70957,1230],{"class":67},[61,70959,72],{"class":71},[61,70961,8068],{"class":75},[61,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,70965,1267],{"class":67},[61,70967,26],{"class":75},[61,70969,26462],{"class":116},[61,70971,628],{"class":75},[14,70973,139],{},[52,70975,70977],{"className":54,"code":70976,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70978,70979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,70980,70981,70983,70985,70988,70991,70994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,70982,70948],{"class":109},[61,70984,378],{"class":75},[61,70986,70987],{"class":67}," pop ",[61,70989,70990],{"class":1490},"from",[61,70992,70993],{"class":67}," empty ",[61,70995,50109],{"class":109},[14,70997,39483],{},[34,70999,71000,71005],{},[37,71001,71002,71003],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,71004,12986],{},[37,71006,71007,71008,4621,71010],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,71009,30025],{},[18,71011,30056],{},[14,71013,197],{},[52,71015,71017],{"className":54,"code":71016,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,71018,71019,71027,71031,71039,71053,71059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71020,71021,71023,71025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71022,1230],{"class":67},[61,71024,72],{"class":71},[61,71026,8068],{"class":75},[61,71028,71029],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71030,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,71032,71033,71035,71037],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71034,7227],{"class":1490},[61,71036,6194],{"class":67},[61,71038,6621],{"class":75},[61,71040,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71042,8299],{"class":126},[61,71044,113],{"class":75},[61,71046,1267],{"class":116},[61,71048,26],{"class":75},[61,71050,26462],{"class":116},[61,71052,7424],{"class":75},[61,71054,71055,71057],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,71056,27655],{"class":1490},[61,71058,6621],{"class":75},[61,71060,71061,71063,71065,71067,71070,71072],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,71062,8299],{"class":126},[61,71064,113],{"class":75},[61,71066,215],{"class":214},[61,71068,71069],{"class":218},"The list is empty.",[61,71071,215],{"class":214},[61,71073,120],{"class":75},[819,71075,71077],{"id":71076},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,71079,71080,71081,26],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,71082,70948],{},[52,71084,71086],{"className":54,"code":71085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,71087,71088,71108],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71089,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71091,68],{"class":67},[61,71093,72],{"class":71},[61,71095,76],{"class":75},[61,71097,447],{"class":79},[61,71099,83],{"class":75},[61,71101,452],{"class":79},[61,71103,83],{"class":75},[61,71105,8025],{"class":79},[61,71107,98],{"class":75},[61,71109,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71111,117],{"class":67},[61,71113,26],{"class":75},[61,71115,26462],{"class":116},[61,71117,113],{"class":75},[61,71119,945],{"class":79},[61,71121,120],{"class":75},[14,71123,139],{},[52,71125,71127],{"className":54,"code":71126,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,71128,71129],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71130,71131,71133,71135,71138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71132,70948],{"class":109},[61,71134,378],{"class":75},[61,71136,71137],{"class":67}," pop index out of ",[61,71139,71140],{"class":126},"range\n",[14,71142,39483],{},[34,71144,71145,71150],{},[37,71146,71147,71148],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,71149,42584],{},[37,71151,71152],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[52,71154,71156],{"className":54,"code":71155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,71157,71158,71178,71187,71191,71213,71231,71237],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71161,68],{"class":67},[61,71163,72],{"class":71},[61,71165,76],{"class":75},[61,71167,447],{"class":79},[61,71169,83],{"class":75},[61,71171,452],{"class":79},[61,71173,83],{"class":75},[61,71175,8025],{"class":79},[61,71177,98],{"class":75},[61,71179,71180,71183,71185],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71181,71182],{"class":67},"index ",[61,71184,72],{"class":71},[61,71186,45813],{"class":79},[61,71188,71189],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71190,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,71192,71193,71195,71197,71200,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71194,7227],{"class":1490},[61,71196,4065],{"class":79},[61,71198,71199],{"class":71}," \u003C=",[61,71201,71202],{"class":67}," index ",[61,71204,672],{"class":71},[61,71206,38607],{"class":126},[61,71208,113],{"class":75},[61,71210,117],{"class":116},[61,71212,8572],{"class":75},[61,71214,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,71216,8299],{"class":126},[61,71218,113],{"class":75},[61,71220,117],{"class":116},[61,71222,26],{"class":75},[61,71224,26462],{"class":116},[61,71226,113],{"class":75},[61,71228,36067],{"class":116},[61,71230,480],{"class":75},[61,71232,71233,71235],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,71234,27655],{"class":1490},[61,71236,6621],{"class":75},[61,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71248,71250],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,71240,8299],{"class":126},[61,71242,113],{"class":75},[61,71244,215],{"class":214},[61,71246,71247],{"class":218},"Index is out of range.",[61,71249,215],{"class":214},[61,71251,120],{"class":75},[14,71253,71254,71255,26],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[334,71256,69476],{"href":69475},[819,71258,71260],{"id":71259},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71262,71263,71265],{},[18,71264,12986],{}," expects an integer index.",[52,71267,71269],{"className":54,"code":71268,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71270,71271,71291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71272,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71274,68],{"class":67},[61,71276,72],{"class":71},[61,71278,76],{"class":75},[61,71280,447],{"class":79},[61,71282,83],{"class":75},[61,71284,452],{"class":79},[61,71286,83],{"class":75},[61,71288,8025],{"class":79},[61,71290,98],{"class":75},[61,71292,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71294,117],{"class":67},[61,71296,26],{"class":75},[61,71298,26462],{"class":116},[61,71300,113],{"class":75},[61,71302,215],{"class":214},[61,71304,80],{"class":218},[61,71306,215],{"class":214},[61,71308,120],{"class":75},[14,71310,139],{},[52,71312,71314],{"className":54,"code":71313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71315,71316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71333,71336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71319,1334],{"class":109},[61,71321,378],{"class":75},[61,71323,308],{"class":214},[61,71325,1208],{"class":218},[61,71327,299],{"class":214},[61,71329,24838],{"class":109},[61,71331,71332],{"class":67}," cannot be interpreted ",[61,71334,71335],{"class":1490},"as",[61,71337,71338],{"class":67}," an integer\n",[14,71340,39483],{},[34,71342,71343,71352],{},[37,71344,71345,71346,2437,71348,2440,71350],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71347,582],{},[18,71349,80],{},[18,71351,66071],{},[37,71353,71354],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[52,71356,71358],{"className":54,"code":71357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71359,71360,71380,71398,71402,71420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71361,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71363,68],{"class":67},[61,71365,72],{"class":71},[61,71367,76],{"class":75},[61,71369,447],{"class":79},[61,71371,83],{"class":75},[61,71373,452],{"class":79},[61,71375,83],{"class":75},[61,71377,8025],{"class":79},[61,71379,98],{"class":75},[61,71381,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71383,71182],{"class":67},[61,71385,72],{"class":71},[61,71387,45500],{"class":109},[61,71389,113],{"class":75},[61,71391,215],{"class":214},[61,71393,80],{"class":218},[61,71395,215],{"class":214},[61,71397,120],{"class":75},[61,71399,71400],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71401,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,71403,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71405,127],{"class":126},[61,71407,113],{"class":75},[61,71409,117],{"class":116},[61,71411,26],{"class":75},[61,71413,26462],{"class":116},[61,71415,113],{"class":75},[61,71417,36067],{"class":116},[61,71419,480],{"class":75},[61,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,71423,127],{"class":126},[61,71425,113],{"class":75},[61,71427,117],{"class":116},[61,71429,120],{"class":75},[14,71431,139],{},[52,71433,71435],{"className":54,"code":71434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71436,71437,71442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71438,71439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71440,71441],{"class":79},"20\n",[61,71443,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71445,4129],{"class":75},[61,71447,447],{"class":79},[61,71449,83],{"class":75},[61,71451,8025],{"class":79},[61,71453,98],{"class":75},[47,71455,71457],{"id":71456},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71459,71460],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[819,71462,165,71464,1422],{"id":71463},"use-pop-when",[18,71465,12986],{},[34,71467,71468,71471,71474],{},[37,71469,71470],{},"you want to remove by index",[37,71472,71473],{},"you want the removed item returned",[37,71475,71476],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[819,71478,165,71480,1422],{"id":71479},"use-remove-when",[18,71481,55753],{},[34,71483,71484,71487],{},[37,71485,71486],{},"you want to remove by value",[37,71488,71489],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71491,71492],{},"Compare these examples:",[52,71494,71496],{"className":54,"code":71495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71497,71498,71522,71526,71544,71554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71499,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71501,68],{"class":67},[61,71503,72],{"class":71},[61,71505,76],{"class":75},[61,71507,447],{"class":79},[61,71509,83],{"class":75},[61,71511,452],{"class":79},[61,71513,83],{"class":75},[61,71515,8025],{"class":79},[61,71517,83],{"class":75},[61,71519,452],{"class":79},[61,71521,98],{"class":75},[61,71523,71524],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71525,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,71527,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71529,70151],{"class":67},[61,71531,72],{"class":71},[61,71533,4490],{"class":67},[61,71535,26],{"class":75},[61,71537,26462],{"class":116},[61,71539,113],{"class":75},[61,71541,80],{"class":79},[61,71543,120],{"class":75},[61,71545,71546,71548,71550,71552],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71547,127],{"class":126},[61,71549,113],{"class":75},[61,71551,70174],{"class":116},[61,71553,120],{"class":75},[61,71555,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,71557,127],{"class":126},[61,71559,113],{"class":75},[61,71561,117],{"class":116},[61,71563,120],{"class":75},[14,71565,139],{},[52,71567,71569],{"className":54,"code":71568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71570,71571,71575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71572,71573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71574,71441],{"class":79},[61,71576,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71578,4129],{"class":75},[61,71580,447],{"class":79},[61,71582,83],{"class":75},[61,71584,8025],{"class":79},[61,71586,83],{"class":75},[61,71588,452],{"class":79},[61,71590,98],{"class":75},[52,71592,71594],{"className":54,"code":71593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71595,71596,71620,71624,71638],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71597,71598,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71599,68],{"class":67},[61,71601,72],{"class":71},[61,71603,76],{"class":75},[61,71605,447],{"class":79},[61,71607,83],{"class":75},[61,71609,452],{"class":79},[61,71611,83],{"class":75},[61,71613,8025],{"class":79},[61,71615,83],{"class":75},[61,71617,452],{"class":79},[61,71619,98],{"class":75},[61,71621,71622],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71623,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71627,117],{"class":67},[61,71629,26],{"class":75},[61,71631,35015],{"class":116},[61,71633,113],{"class":75},[61,71635,15974],{"class":79},[61,71637,120],{"class":75},[61,71639,71640,71642,71644,71646],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71641,127],{"class":126},[61,71643,113],{"class":75},[61,71645,117],{"class":116},[61,71647,120],{"class":75},[14,71649,139],{},[52,71651,71653],{"className":54,"code":71652,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71654,71655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71658,4129],{"class":75},[61,71660,447],{"class":79},[61,71662,83],{"class":75},[61,71664,8025],{"class":79},[61,71666,83],{"class":75},[61,71668,452],{"class":79},[61,71670,98],{"class":75},[14,71672,71673,71674,71677,71678,26],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71675,71676],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71679,80],{},[14,71681,56829,71682,71685,71686,26],{},[18,71683,71684],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71687,15974],{},[14,71689,71690,71691,26],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[334,71692,55292],{"href":55291},[47,71694,1741],{"id":1740},[14,71696,71697,71698,378],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71699,12986],{},[34,71701,71702,71705,71708,71714,71718],{},[37,71703,71704],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[37,71706,71707],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[37,71709,1874,71710,1877,71712],{},[18,71711,12986],{},[18,71713,55753],{},[37,71715,1864,71716,62190],{},[18,71717,12986],{},[37,71719,71720],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71722,71723],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[52,71725,71727],{"className":54,"code":71726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71728,71729,71739,71753,71767,71785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71730,71731,71733,71735,71737],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71732,127],{"class":126},[61,71734,113],{"class":75},[61,71736,8569],{"class":116},[61,71738,120],{"class":75},[61,71740,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71742,127],{"class":126},[61,71744,113],{"class":75},[61,71746,1948],{"class":126},[61,71748,113],{"class":75},[61,71750,8569],{"class":116},[61,71752,480],{"class":75},[61,71754,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,71756,127],{"class":126},[61,71758,113],{"class":75},[61,71760,8569],{"class":116},[61,71762,26],{"class":75},[61,71764,26462],{"class":116},[61,71766,7424],{"class":75},[61,71768,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,71770,127],{"class":126},[61,71772,113],{"class":75},[61,71774,8569],{"class":116},[61,71776,26],{"class":75},[61,71778,26462],{"class":116},[61,71780,113],{"class":75},[61,71782,582],{"class":79},[61,71784,480],{"class":75},[61,71786,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,71788,127],{"class":126},[61,71790,113],{"class":75},[61,71792,648],{"class":109},[61,71794,113],{"class":75},[61,71796,36067],{"class":116},[61,71798,480],{"class":75},[14,71800,71801],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[34,71803,71804,71810],{},[37,71805,71806,71809],{},[18,71807,71808],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[37,71811,71812,71815],{},[18,71813,71814],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71817,71818,71819,71822],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71820,71821],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[47,71824,1987],{"id":1986},[819,71826,71828],{"id":71827},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71830,71831,71832,71834],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71833,12986],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[819,71836,71838],{"id":71837},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71840,71841,71843,71844,71846,71847,26],{},[18,71842,12986],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71845,55753],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71848,4012],{},[819,71850,71852],{"id":71851},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71854,71855,71856,71859],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71857,71858],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[819,71861,71863],{"id":71862},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71865,71866,71867,71869],{},"Python raises ",[18,71868,70948],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[47,71871,2144],{"id":2143},[34,71873,71874,71878,71883,71888,71893],{},[37,71875,71876],{},[334,71877,55739],{"href":55291},[37,71879,71880],{},[334,71881,71882],{"href":55296},"Python list remove() method",[37,71884,71885],{},[334,71886,71887],{"href":59190},"Python list index() method",[37,71889,71890],{},[334,71891,71892],{"href":51203},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[37,71894,71895],{},[334,71896,69476],{"href":69475},[2169,71898,71899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":71901},[71902,71903,71904,71905,71906,71907,71908,71913,71919,71920,71926],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":70077,"depth":101,"text":70078},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":70387,"depth":101,"text":70388},{"id":70516,"depth":101,"text":70517},{"id":70787,"depth":101,"text":70788},{"id":70934,"depth":101,"text":70935,"children":71909},[71910,71911,71912],{"id":70938,"depth":123,"text":70939},{"id":71076,"depth":123,"text":71077},{"id":71259,"depth":123,"text":71260},{"id":71456,"depth":101,"text":71457,"children":71914},[71915,71917],{"id":71463,"depth":123,"text":71916},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71479,"depth":123,"text":71918},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":71921},[71922,71923,71924,71925],{"id":71827,"depth":123,"text":71828},{"id":71837,"depth":123,"text":71838},{"id":71851,"depth":123,"text":71852},{"id":71862,"depth":123,"text":71863},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69944,"description":71927},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71934,"title":71935,"body":71936,"description":73722,"extension":2216,"meta":73723,"navigation":271,"path":73724,"seo":73725,"stem":73726,"__hash__":73727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71937,"toc":73704},[71938,71941,71946,71952,71954,72024,72030,72034,72039,72060,72063,72130,72132,72153,72161,72163,72182,72198,72200,72265,72267,72292,72294,72296,72361,72363,72388,72390,72404,72407,72460,72462,72483,72487,72495,72568,72570,72603,72609,72615,72706,72708,72733,72739,72828,72830,72854,72856,72860,72915,72917,72949,72952,72955,73049,73051,73084,73090,73096,73100,73107,73133,73137,73202,73204,73229,73233,73314,73316,73345,73350,73355,73361,73365,73372,73394,73398,73457,73459,73483,73492,73497,73499,73503,73532,73534,73609,73612,73626,73632,73634,73638,73641,73645,73650,73654,73663,73667,73675,73677,73701],[10,71939,71935],{"id":71940},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71942,2233,71943,71945],{},[18,71944,55299],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71947,71948,71949,71951],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[23,71950,1783],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[47,71953,50],{"id":49},[52,71955,71957],{"className":54,"code":71956,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71958,71959,71991,72009,72019],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,71962,1230],{"class":67},[61,71964,72],{"class":71},[61,71966,76],{"class":75},[61,71968,215],{"class":214},[61,71970,2042],{"class":218},[61,71972,215],{"class":214},[61,71974,83],{"class":75},[61,71976,226],{"class":214},[61,71978,1040],{"class":218},[61,71980,215],{"class":214},[61,71982,83],{"class":75},[61,71984,226],{"class":214},[61,71986,33442],{"class":218},[61,71988,215],{"class":214},[61,71990,98],{"class":75},[61,71992,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,71994,1267],{"class":67},[61,71996,26],{"class":75},[61,71998,35015],{"class":116},[61,72000,113],{"class":75},[61,72002,215],{"class":214},[61,72004,1040],{"class":218},[61,72006,215],{"class":214},[61,72008,120],{"class":75},[61,72010,72011,72013,72015,72017],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72012,127],{"class":126},[61,72014,113],{"class":75},[61,72016,1267],{"class":116},[61,72018,120],{"class":75},[61,72020,72021],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,72022,72023],{"class":3896},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,72025,165,72026,72029],{},[18,72027,72028],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[47,72031,72033],{"id":72032},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,72035,72036,72038],{},[18,72037,55753],{}," is a list method that:",[34,72040,72041,72047,72052,72057],{},[37,72042,72043,72044,72046],{},"Deletes the ",[23,72045,30130],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[37,72048,72049,72050],{},"Changes the original list ",[23,72051,11554],{},[37,72053,12927,72054,72056],{},[23,72055,704],{}," return a new list",[37,72058,72059],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,72061,72062],{},"This is important for beginners:",[52,72064,72066],{"className":54,"code":72065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,72067,72068,72088,72106,72110,72120],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72069,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72071,68],{"class":67},[61,72073,72],{"class":71},[61,72075,76],{"class":75},[61,72077,80],{"class":79},[61,72079,83],{"class":75},[61,72081,86],{"class":79},[61,72083,83],{"class":75},[61,72085,95],{"class":79},[61,72087,98],{"class":75},[61,72089,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72091,869],{"class":67},[61,72093,72],{"class":71},[61,72095,4490],{"class":67},[61,72097,26],{"class":75},[61,72099,35015],{"class":116},[61,72101,113],{"class":75},[61,72103,2310],{"class":79},[61,72105,120],{"class":75},[61,72107,72108],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72109,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,72111,72112,72114,72116,72118],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,72113,127],{"class":126},[61,72115,113],{"class":75},[61,72117,117],{"class":116},[61,72119,120],{"class":75},[61,72121,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,72123,127],{"class":126},[61,72125,113],{"class":75},[61,72127,892],{"class":116},[61,72129,120],{"class":75},[14,72131,139],{},[52,72133,72135],{"className":54,"code":72134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,72136,72137,72149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72138,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72140,4129],{"class":75},[61,72142,80],{"class":79},[61,72144,83],{"class":75},[61,72146,95],{"class":79},[61,72148,98],{"class":75},[61,72150,72151],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72152,12030],{"class":1523},[14,72154,72155,72156,72158,72159,26],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,72157,55753],{}," itself returned ",[18,72160,4012],{},[47,72162,5660],{"id":5659},[52,72164,72166],{"className":54,"code":72165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,72167,72168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72169,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72171,383],{"class":109},[61,72173,26],{"class":75},[61,72175,35015],{"class":116},[61,72177,113],{"class":75},[61,72179,1783],{"class":116},[61,72181,120],{"class":75},[34,72183,72184,72189,72192],{},[37,72185,72186,72188],{},[18,72187,1783],{}," is the item you want to delete",[37,72190,72191],{},"Python searches from left to right",[37,72193,72194,72195,72197],{},"Only the ",[23,72196,30130],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72199,197],{},[52,72201,72203],{"className":54,"code":72202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72204,72205,72237,72255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72206,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72208,36312],{"class":67},[61,72210,72],{"class":71},[61,72212,76],{"class":75},[61,72214,215],{"class":214},[61,72216,334],{"class":218},[61,72218,215],{"class":214},[61,72220,83],{"class":75},[61,72222,226],{"class":214},[61,72224,765],{"class":218},[61,72226,215],{"class":214},[61,72228,83],{"class":75},[61,72230,226],{"class":214},[61,72232,9961],{"class":218},[61,72234,215],{"class":214},[61,72236,98],{"class":75},[61,72238,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72240,36365],{"class":67},[61,72242,26],{"class":75},[61,72244,35015],{"class":116},[61,72246,113],{"class":75},[61,72248,215],{"class":214},[61,72250,765],{"class":218},[61,72252,215],{"class":214},[61,72254,120],{"class":75},[61,72256,72257,72259,72261,72263],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72258,127],{"class":126},[61,72260,113],{"class":75},[61,72262,36365],{"class":116},[61,72264,120],{"class":75},[14,72266,139],{},[52,72268,72270],{"className":54,"code":72269,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72271,72272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72273,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72275,4129],{"class":75},[61,72277,299],{"class":214},[61,72279,334],{"class":218},[61,72281,299],{"class":214},[61,72283,83],{"class":75},[61,72285,308],{"class":214},[61,72287,9961],{"class":218},[61,72289,299],{"class":214},[61,72291,98],{"class":75},[47,72293,6015],{"id":6014},[14,72295,65392],{},[52,72297,72299],{"className":54,"code":72298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72300,72301,72333,72351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72302,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72304,207],{"class":67},[61,72306,72],{"class":71},[61,72308,76],{"class":75},[61,72310,215],{"class":214},[61,72312,219],{"class":218},[61,72314,215],{"class":214},[61,72316,83],{"class":75},[61,72318,226],{"class":214},[61,72320,229],{"class":218},[61,72322,215],{"class":214},[61,72324,83],{"class":75},[61,72326,226],{"class":214},[61,72328,246],{"class":218},[61,72330,215],{"class":214},[61,72332,98],{"class":75},[61,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72336,264],{"class":67},[61,72338,26],{"class":75},[61,72340,35015],{"class":116},[61,72342,113],{"class":75},[61,72344,215],{"class":214},[61,72346,229],{"class":218},[61,72348,215],{"class":214},[61,72350,120],{"class":75},[61,72352,72353,72355,72357,72359],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72354,127],{"class":126},[61,72356,113],{"class":75},[61,72358,264],{"class":116},[61,72360,120],{"class":75},[14,72362,139],{},[52,72364,72366],{"className":54,"code":72365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72367,72368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72369,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72371,4129],{"class":75},[61,72373,299],{"class":214},[61,72375,219],{"class":218},[61,72377,299],{"class":214},[61,72379,83],{"class":75},[61,72381,308],{"class":214},[61,72383,246],{"class":218},[61,72385,299],{"class":214},[61,72387,98],{"class":75},[14,72389,11905],{},[34,72391,72392,72395,72401],{},[37,72393,72394],{},"A list is created with three values",[37,72396,72397,72400],{},[18,72398,72399],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[37,72402,72403],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72405,72406],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[52,72408,72410],{"className":54,"code":72409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72411,72412,72436,72450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72413,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72415,5292],{"class":67},[61,72417,72],{"class":71},[61,72419,76],{"class":75},[61,72421,447],{"class":79},[61,72423,83],{"class":75},[61,72425,452],{"class":79},[61,72427,83],{"class":75},[61,72429,8025],{"class":79},[61,72431,83],{"class":75},[61,72433,51067],{"class":79},[61,72435,98],{"class":75},[61,72437,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72439,16609],{"class":67},[61,72441,26],{"class":75},[61,72443,35015],{"class":116},[61,72445,113],{"class":75},[61,72447,37063],{"class":79},[61,72449,120],{"class":75},[61,72451,72452,72454,72456,72458],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72453,127],{"class":126},[61,72455,113],{"class":75},[61,72457,16609],{"class":116},[61,72459,120],{"class":75},[14,72461,139],{},[52,72463,72465],{"className":54,"code":72464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72466,72467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72468,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72470,4129],{"class":75},[61,72472,447],{"class":79},[61,72474,83],{"class":75},[61,72476,452],{"class":79},[61,72478,83],{"class":75},[61,72480,51067],{"class":79},[61,72482,98],{"class":75},[47,72484,72486],{"id":72485},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72488,65382,72489,72491,72492,72494],{},[18,72490,55753],{}," deletes only the ",[23,72493,30130],{}," one.",[52,72496,72498],{"className":54,"code":72497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72499,72500,72540,72558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72501,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72503,1230],{"class":67},[61,72505,72],{"class":71},[61,72507,76],{"class":75},[61,72509,215],{"class":214},[61,72511,2042],{"class":218},[61,72513,215],{"class":214},[61,72515,83],{"class":75},[61,72517,226],{"class":214},[61,72519,1040],{"class":218},[61,72521,215],{"class":214},[61,72523,83],{"class":75},[61,72525,226],{"class":214},[61,72527,2042],{"class":218},[61,72529,215],{"class":214},[61,72531,83],{"class":75},[61,72533,226],{"class":214},[61,72535,33442],{"class":218},[61,72537,215],{"class":214},[61,72539,98],{"class":75},[61,72541,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72543,1267],{"class":67},[61,72545,26],{"class":75},[61,72547,35015],{"class":116},[61,72549,113],{"class":75},[61,72551,215],{"class":214},[61,72553,2042],{"class":218},[61,72555,215],{"class":214},[61,72557,120],{"class":75},[61,72559,72560,72562,72564,72566],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72561,127],{"class":126},[61,72563,113],{"class":75},[61,72565,1267],{"class":116},[61,72567,120],{"class":75},[14,72569,139],{},[52,72571,72573],{"className":54,"code":72572,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72574,72575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72576,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72578,4129],{"class":75},[61,72580,299],{"class":214},[61,72582,1040],{"class":218},[61,72584,299],{"class":214},[61,72586,83],{"class":75},[61,72588,308],{"class":214},[61,72590,2042],{"class":218},[61,72592,299],{"class":214},[61,72594,83],{"class":75},[61,72596,308],{"class":214},[61,72598,33442],{"class":218},[61,72600,299],{"class":214},[61,72602,98],{"class":75},[14,72604,72605,72606,72608],{},"Only the first ",[18,72607,58058],{}," was removed.",[14,72610,72611,72612,72614],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72613,55753],{}," again:",[52,72616,72618],{"className":54,"code":72617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72619,72620,72660,72678,72696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72621,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72623,1230],{"class":67},[61,72625,72],{"class":71},[61,72627,76],{"class":75},[61,72629,215],{"class":214},[61,72631,2042],{"class":218},[61,72633,215],{"class":214},[61,72635,83],{"class":75},[61,72637,226],{"class":214},[61,72639,1040],{"class":218},[61,72641,215],{"class":214},[61,72643,83],{"class":75},[61,72645,226],{"class":214},[61,72647,2042],{"class":218},[61,72649,215],{"class":214},[61,72651,83],{"class":75},[61,72653,226],{"class":214},[61,72655,33442],{"class":218},[61,72657,215],{"class":214},[61,72659,98],{"class":75},[61,72661,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72663,1267],{"class":67},[61,72665,26],{"class":75},[61,72667,35015],{"class":116},[61,72669,113],{"class":75},[61,72671,215],{"class":214},[61,72673,2042],{"class":218},[61,72675,215],{"class":214},[61,72677,120],{"class":75},[61,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72681,1267],{"class":67},[61,72683,26],{"class":75},[61,72685,35015],{"class":116},[61,72687,113],{"class":75},[61,72689,215],{"class":214},[61,72691,2042],{"class":218},[61,72693,215],{"class":214},[61,72695,120],{"class":75},[61,72697,72698,72700,72702,72704],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,72699,127],{"class":126},[61,72701,113],{"class":75},[61,72703,1267],{"class":116},[61,72705,120],{"class":75},[14,72707,139],{},[52,72709,72711],{"className":54,"code":72710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72712,72713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72714,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72716,4129],{"class":75},[61,72718,299],{"class":214},[61,72720,1040],{"class":218},[61,72722,299],{"class":214},[61,72724,83],{"class":75},[61,72726,308],{"class":214},[61,72728,33442],{"class":218},[61,72730,299],{"class":214},[61,72732,98],{"class":75},[14,72734,72735,72736,72738],{},"If you need to remove ",[23,72737,3950],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[52,72740,72742],{"className":54,"code":72741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72743,72744,72784,72818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72745,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72747,1230],{"class":67},[61,72749,72],{"class":71},[61,72751,76],{"class":75},[61,72753,215],{"class":214},[61,72755,2042],{"class":218},[61,72757,215],{"class":214},[61,72759,83],{"class":75},[61,72761,226],{"class":214},[61,72763,1040],{"class":218},[61,72765,215],{"class":214},[61,72767,83],{"class":75},[61,72769,226],{"class":214},[61,72771,2042],{"class":218},[61,72773,215],{"class":214},[61,72775,83],{"class":75},[61,72777,226],{"class":214},[61,72779,33442],{"class":218},[61,72781,215],{"class":214},[61,72783,98],{"class":75},[61,72785,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72803,72805,72807,72810,72812,72814,72816],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72787,1230],{"class":67},[61,72789,72],{"class":71},[61,72791,76],{"class":75},[61,72793,28760],{"class":67},[61,72795,6186],{"class":1490},[61,72797,6189],{"class":67},[61,72799,1433],{"class":1490},[61,72801,72802],{"class":67}," items ",[61,72804,7227],{"class":1490},[61,72806,6189],{"class":67},[61,72808,72809],{"class":71},"!=",[61,72811,226],{"class":214},[61,72813,2042],{"class":218},[61,72815,215],{"class":214},[61,72817,98],{"class":75},[61,72819,72820,72822,72824,72826],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,72821,127],{"class":126},[61,72823,113],{"class":75},[61,72825,1267],{"class":116},[61,72827,120],{"class":75},[14,72829,139],{},[52,72831,72832],{"className":54,"code":72710,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,72833,72834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72835,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72837,4129],{"class":75},[61,72839,299],{"class":214},[61,72841,1040],{"class":218},[61,72843,299],{"class":214},[61,72845,83],{"class":75},[61,72847,308],{"class":214},[61,72849,33442],{"class":218},[61,72851,299],{"class":214},[61,72853,98],{"class":75},[47,72855,65847],{"id":65846},[14,72857,65850,72858,26],{},[18,72859,40926],{},[52,72861,72863],{"className":54,"code":72862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72864,72865,72897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72866,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72868,1230],{"class":67},[61,72870,72],{"class":71},[61,72872,76],{"class":75},[61,72874,215],{"class":214},[61,72876,2042],{"class":218},[61,72878,215],{"class":214},[61,72880,83],{"class":75},[61,72882,226],{"class":214},[61,72884,1040],{"class":218},[61,72886,215],{"class":214},[61,72888,83],{"class":75},[61,72890,226],{"class":214},[61,72892,33442],{"class":218},[61,72894,215],{"class":214},[61,72896,98],{"class":75},[61,72898,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72900,1267],{"class":67},[61,72902,26],{"class":75},[61,72904,35015],{"class":116},[61,72906,113],{"class":75},[61,72908,215],{"class":214},[61,72910,22753],{"class":218},[61,72912,215],{"class":214},[61,72914,120],{"class":75},[14,72916,139],{},[52,72918,72920],{"className":54,"code":72919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72921,72922],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72925,40926],{"class":109},[61,72927,378],{"class":75},[61,72929,22780],{"class":109},[61,72931,26],{"class":75},[61,72933,35015],{"class":116},[61,72935,113],{"class":75},[61,72937,2422],{"class":116},[61,72939,16672],{"class":75},[61,72941,4110],{"class":67},[61,72943,704],{"class":71},[61,72945,1491],{"class":71},[61,72947,72948],{"class":109}," list\n",[14,72950,72951],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72953,72954],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[52,72956,72958],{"className":54,"code":72957,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72959,72960,72992,73004,73008,73020,73035,73039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,72961,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,72963,1230],{"class":67},[61,72965,72],{"class":71},[61,72967,76],{"class":75},[61,72969,215],{"class":214},[61,72971,2042],{"class":218},[61,72973,215],{"class":214},[61,72975,83],{"class":75},[61,72977,226],{"class":214},[61,72979,1040],{"class":218},[61,72981,215],{"class":214},[61,72983,83],{"class":75},[61,72985,226],{"class":214},[61,72987,33442],{"class":218},[61,72989,215],{"class":214},[61,72991,98],{"class":75},[61,72993,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,72995,1766],{"class":67},[61,72997,72],{"class":71},[61,72999,226],{"class":214},[61,73001,22753],{"class":218},[61,73003,1043],{"class":214},[61,73005,73006],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73007,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,73009,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,73011,7227],{"class":1490},[61,73013,21804],{"class":67},[61,73015,1433],{"class":71},[61,73017,6194],{"class":67},[61,73019,6621],{"class":75},[61,73021,73022,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,73023,73024],{"class":67},"    items",[61,73026,26],{"class":75},[61,73028,35015],{"class":116},[61,73030,113],{"class":75},[61,73032,1783],{"class":116},[61,73034,120],{"class":75},[61,73036,73037],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,73038,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,73040,73041,73043,73045,73047],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,73042,127],{"class":126},[61,73044,113],{"class":75},[61,73046,1267],{"class":116},[61,73048,120],{"class":75},[14,73050,139],{},[52,73052,73054],{"className":54,"code":73053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,73055,73056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73057,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73059,4129],{"class":75},[61,73061,299],{"class":214},[61,73063,2042],{"class":218},[61,73065,299],{"class":214},[61,73067,83],{"class":75},[61,73069,308],{"class":214},[61,73071,1040],{"class":218},[61,73073,299],{"class":214},[61,73075,83],{"class":75},[61,73077,308],{"class":214},[61,73079,33442],{"class":218},[61,73081,299],{"class":214},[61,73083,98],{"class":75},[14,73085,73086,73087,73089],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,73088,55753],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,73091,73092,73093,26],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[334,73094,66056],{"href":73095},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[47,73097,73099],{"id":73098},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,73101,73102,4621,73104,73106],{},[18,73103,55753],{},[18,73105,12986],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[34,73108,73109,73116,73122,73128],{},[37,73110,73111,73113,73114],{},[18,73112,55753],{}," deletes by ",[23,73115,1783],{},[37,73117,73118,73113,73120],{},[18,73119,12986],{},[23,73121,36067],{},[37,73123,73124,2642,73126],{},[18,73125,55753],{},[18,73127,4012],{},[37,73129,73130,73132],{},[18,73131,12986],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73134,46264,73135,378],{},[18,73136,55753],{},[52,73138,73140],{"className":54,"code":73139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,73141,73142,73174,73192],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73143,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73145,1230],{"class":67},[61,73147,72],{"class":71},[61,73149,76],{"class":75},[61,73151,215],{"class":214},[61,73153,2042],{"class":218},[61,73155,215],{"class":214},[61,73157,83],{"class":75},[61,73159,226],{"class":214},[61,73161,1040],{"class":218},[61,73163,215],{"class":214},[61,73165,83],{"class":75},[61,73167,226],{"class":214},[61,73169,33442],{"class":218},[61,73171,215],{"class":214},[61,73173,98],{"class":75},[61,73175,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73177,1267],{"class":67},[61,73179,26],{"class":75},[61,73181,35015],{"class":116},[61,73183,113],{"class":75},[61,73185,215],{"class":214},[61,73187,1040],{"class":218},[61,73189,215],{"class":214},[61,73191,120],{"class":75},[61,73193,73194,73196,73198,73200],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73195,127],{"class":126},[61,73197,113],{"class":75},[61,73199,1267],{"class":116},[61,73201,120],{"class":75},[14,73203,139],{},[52,73205,73207],{"className":54,"code":73206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,73208,73209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73210,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73212,4129],{"class":75},[61,73214,299],{"class":214},[61,73216,2042],{"class":218},[61,73218,299],{"class":214},[61,73220,83],{"class":75},[61,73222,308],{"class":214},[61,73224,33442],{"class":218},[61,73226,299],{"class":214},[61,73228,98],{"class":75},[14,73230,46264,73231,378],{},[18,73232,12986],{},[52,73234,73236],{"className":54,"code":73235,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,73237,73238,73270,73289,73293,73303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73239,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73241,1230],{"class":67},[61,73243,72],{"class":71},[61,73245,76],{"class":75},[61,73247,215],{"class":214},[61,73249,2042],{"class":218},[61,73251,215],{"class":214},[61,73253,83],{"class":75},[61,73255,226],{"class":214},[61,73257,1040],{"class":218},[61,73259,215],{"class":214},[61,73261,83],{"class":75},[61,73263,226],{"class":214},[61,73265,33442],{"class":218},[61,73267,215],{"class":214},[61,73269,98],{"class":75},[61,73271,73272,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73273,73274],{"class":67},"removed_item ",[61,73276,72],{"class":71},[61,73278,6194],{"class":67},[61,73280,26],{"class":75},[61,73282,26462],{"class":116},[61,73284,113],{"class":75},[61,73286,80],{"class":79},[61,73288,120],{"class":75},[61,73290,73291],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73292,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,73294,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,73296,127],{"class":126},[61,73298,113],{"class":75},[61,73300,1267],{"class":116},[61,73302,120],{"class":75},[61,73304,73305,73307,73309,73312],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,73306,127],{"class":126},[61,73308,113],{"class":75},[61,73310,73311],{"class":116},"removed_item",[61,73313,120],{"class":75},[14,73315,139],{},[52,73317,73319],{"className":54,"code":73318,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73320,73321,73341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73322,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73324,4129],{"class":75},[61,73326,299],{"class":214},[61,73328,2042],{"class":218},[61,73330,299],{"class":214},[61,73332,83],{"class":75},[61,73334,308],{"class":214},[61,73336,33442],{"class":218},[61,73338,299],{"class":214},[61,73340,98],{"class":75},[61,73342,73343],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73344,70623],{"class":67},[14,73346,165,73347,73349],{},[18,73348,55753],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73351,165,73352,73354],{},[18,73353,12986],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73356,73357,73358,26],{},"For more detail, see the ",[334,73359,73360],{"href":55303},"Python list pop() method",[47,73362,73364],{"id":73363},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73366,73367,4621,73369,73371],{},[18,73368,55753],{},[18,73370,27246],{}," are also different.",[34,73373,73374,73379,73384,73389],{},[37,73375,73376,73378],{},[18,73377,55753],{}," deletes by matching value",[37,73380,73381,73383],{},[18,73382,27246],{}," deletes by index or slice",[37,73385,165,73386,73388],{},[18,73387,27246],{}," when you know the position",[37,73390,165,73391,73393],{},[18,73392,55753],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73395,46264,73396,378],{},[18,73397,27246],{},[52,73399,73401],{"className":54,"code":73400,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73402,73403,73435,73447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73404,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73406,1230],{"class":67},[61,73408,72],{"class":71},[61,73410,76],{"class":75},[61,73412,215],{"class":214},[61,73414,2042],{"class":218},[61,73416,215],{"class":214},[61,73418,83],{"class":75},[61,73420,226],{"class":214},[61,73422,1040],{"class":218},[61,73424,215],{"class":214},[61,73426,83],{"class":75},[61,73428,226],{"class":214},[61,73430,33442],{"class":218},[61,73432,215],{"class":214},[61,73434,98],{"class":75},[61,73436,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73438,27246],{"class":1490},[61,73440,6194],{"class":67},[61,73442,4129],{"class":75},[61,73444,80],{"class":79},[61,73446,98],{"class":75},[61,73448,73449,73451,73453,73455],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73450,127],{"class":126},[61,73452,113],{"class":75},[61,73454,1267],{"class":116},[61,73456,120],{"class":75},[14,73458,139],{},[52,73460,73461],{"className":54,"code":73206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,73462,73463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73464,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73466,4129],{"class":75},[61,73468,299],{"class":214},[61,73470,2042],{"class":218},[61,73472,299],{"class":214},[61,73474,83],{"class":75},[61,73476,308],{"class":214},[61,73478,33442],{"class":218},[61,73480,299],{"class":214},[61,73482,98],{"class":75},[14,73484,73485,73486,73488,73489,73491],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73487,80],{},", not the value ",[18,73490,65492],{}," directly.",[14,73493,73494,73495,26],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[334,73496,55292],{"href":55291},[47,73498,1741],{"id":1740},[14,73500,21431,73501,378],{},[18,73502,55753],{},[34,73504,73505,73508,73513,73520,73529],{},[37,73506,73507],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[37,73509,1864,73510,73512],{},[18,73511,55753],{}," to delete all matching values",[37,73514,12817,73515,73517,73518],{},[18,73516,55753],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73519,4012],{},[37,73521,1750,73522,44853,73524,1881,73526,73528],{},[18,73523,55753],{},[18,73525,12986],{},[18,73527,27246],{}," would be a better fit",[37,73530,73531],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73533,71723],{},[52,73535,73537],{"className":54,"code":73536,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73538,73539,73549,73563,73581,73595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73540,73541,73543,73545,73547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73542,127],{"class":126},[61,73544,113],{"class":75},[61,73546,8569],{"class":116},[61,73548,120],{"class":75},[61,73550,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73552,127],{"class":126},[61,73554,113],{"class":75},[61,73556,1766],{"class":116},[61,73558,1433],{"class":1490},[61,73560,8626],{"class":116},[61,73562,120],{"class":75},[61,73564,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73566,127],{"class":126},[61,73568,113],{"class":75},[61,73570,8569],{"class":116},[61,73572,26],{"class":75},[61,73574,41482],{"class":116},[61,73576,113],{"class":75},[61,73578,1783],{"class":116},[61,73580,480],{"class":75},[61,73582,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,73584,127],{"class":126},[61,73586,113],{"class":75},[61,73588,648],{"class":109},[61,73590,113],{"class":75},[61,73592,8569],{"class":116},[61,73594,480],{"class":75},[61,73596,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,73598,32373],{"class":126},[61,73600,113],{"class":75},[61,73602,383],{"class":109},[61,73604,26],{"class":75},[61,73606,35015],{"class":24971},[61,73608,120],{"class":75},[14,73610,73611],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[34,73613,73614,73617,73620,73623],{},[37,73615,73616],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[37,73618,73619],{},"How many times does it appear?",[37,73621,73622],{},"Am I working with a list?",[37,73624,73625],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73627,73628,73629,73631],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[334,73630,71887],{"href":59190}," may also help.",[47,73633,1987],{"id":1986},[819,73635,73637],{"id":73636},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73639,73640],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[819,73642,73644],{"id":73643},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73646,5377,73647,73649],{},[18,73648,4012],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[819,73651,73653],{"id":73652},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73655,73656,73657,73660,73661,26],{},"Check with ",[18,73658,73659],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73662,55753],{},[819,73664,73666],{"id":73665},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73668,165,73669,73671,73672,73674],{},[18,73670,55753],{}," for a value and ",[18,73673,12986],{}," for an index.",[47,73676,2144],{"id":2143},[34,73678,73679,73683,73687,73691,73695],{},[37,73680,73681],{},[334,73682,55739],{"href":55291},[37,73684,73685],{},[334,73686,73360],{"href":55303},[37,73688,73689],{},[334,73690,71887],{"href":59190},[37,73692,73693],{},[334,73694,66056],{"href":73095},[37,73696,73697],{},[334,73698,73700],{"href":73699},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2169,73702,73703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":73705},[73706,73707,73708,73709,73710,73711,73712,73713,73714,73715,73721],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":72032,"depth":101,"text":72033},{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660},{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":72485,"depth":101,"text":72486},{"id":65846,"depth":101,"text":65847},{"id":73098,"depth":101,"text":73099},{"id":73363,"depth":101,"text":73364},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":73716},[73717,73718,73719,73720],{"id":73636,"depth":123,"text":73637},{"id":73643,"depth":123,"text":73644},{"id":73652,"depth":123,"text":73653},{"id":73665,"depth":123,"text":73666},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71935,"description":73722},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73729,"title":73730,"body":73731,"description":75622,"extension":2216,"meta":75623,"navigation":271,"path":75624,"seo":75625,"stem":75626,"__hash__":75627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73732,"toc":75592},[73733,73739,73745,73748,73759,73761,73810,73815,73820,73824,73839,73841,73906,73908,73949,73951,73953,73968,73970,73981,73983,74040,74042,74075,74077,74080,74129,74131,74156,74158,74174,74180,74187,74248,74250,74283,74288,74291,74371,74373,74434,74440,74444,74447,74511,74513,74538,74540,74560,74562,74611,74613,74634,74643,74646,74650,74655,74700,74702,74723,74729,74734,74742,74806,74808,74845,74851,74855,74862,74927,74929,74966,74970,74987,74997,75002,75007,75018,75025,75027,75033,75056,75059,75086,75091,75094,75195,75197,75252,75255,75362,75364,75435,75438,75464,75466,75471,75475,75483,75488,75493,75499,75504,75508,75511,75528,75531,75551,75559,75561,75589],[10,73734,54566,73736,11542],{"id":73735},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73737,73738],{},"reverse()",[14,73740,73741,73744],{},[18,73742,73743],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73746,73747],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73749,73750,73751,73753,73754,73758],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73752,73738],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[334,73755,73757],{"href":73756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[47,73760,3842],{"id":3841},[52,73762,73764],{"className":54,"code":73763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73765,73766,73786,73797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73769,68],{"class":67},[61,73771,72],{"class":71},[61,73773,76],{"class":75},[61,73775,80],{"class":79},[61,73777,83],{"class":75},[61,73779,86],{"class":79},[61,73781,83],{"class":75},[61,73783,95],{"class":79},[61,73785,98],{"class":75},[61,73787,73788,73790,73792,73795],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73789,117],{"class":67},[61,73791,26],{"class":75},[61,73793,73794],{"class":116},"reverse",[61,73796,628],{"class":75},[61,73798,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73800,127],{"class":126},[61,73802,113],{"class":75},[61,73804,117],{"class":116},[61,73806,3893],{"class":75},[61,73808,73809],{"class":3896},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73811,73812,73814],{},[18,73813,73738],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[47,73816,3911,73818,3914],{"id":73817},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73819,73743],{},[14,73821,73822,378],{},[18,73823,73743],{},[34,73825,73826,73829,73832,73836],{},[37,73827,73828],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[37,73830,73831],{},"Changes the original list directly",[37,73833,11644,73834],{},[18,73835,4012],{},[37,73837,73838],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73840,197],{},[52,73842,73844],{"className":54,"code":73843,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73845,73846,73886,73896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73849,36312],{"class":67},[61,73851,72],{"class":71},[61,73853,76],{"class":75},[61,73855,215],{"class":214},[61,73857,334],{"class":218},[61,73859,215],{"class":214},[61,73861,83],{"class":75},[61,73863,226],{"class":214},[61,73865,765],{"class":218},[61,73867,215],{"class":214},[61,73869,83],{"class":75},[61,73871,226],{"class":214},[61,73873,9961],{"class":218},[61,73875,215],{"class":214},[61,73877,83],{"class":75},[61,73879,226],{"class":214},[61,73881,18987],{"class":218},[61,73883,215],{"class":214},[61,73885,98],{"class":75},[61,73887,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,73889,36365],{"class":67},[61,73891,26],{"class":75},[61,73893,73794],{"class":116},[61,73895,628],{"class":75},[61,73897,73898,73900,73902,73904],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,73899,127],{"class":126},[61,73901,113],{"class":75},[61,73903,36365],{"class":116},[61,73905,120],{"class":75},[14,73907,139],{},[52,73909,73911],{"className":54,"code":73910,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73912,73913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73914,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73916,4129],{"class":75},[61,73918,299],{"class":214},[61,73920,18987],{"class":218},[61,73922,299],{"class":214},[61,73924,83],{"class":75},[61,73926,308],{"class":214},[61,73928,9961],{"class":218},[61,73930,299],{"class":214},[61,73932,83],{"class":75},[61,73934,308],{"class":214},[61,73936,765],{"class":218},[61,73938,299],{"class":214},[61,73940,83],{"class":75},[61,73942,308],{"class":214},[61,73944,334],{"class":218},[61,73946,299],{"class":214},[61,73948,98],{"class":75},[47,73950,341],{"id":340},[14,73952,344],{},[52,73954,73956],{"className":54,"code":73955,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73957,73958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73959,73960,73962,73964,73966],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73961,8569],{"class":67},[61,73963,26],{"class":75},[61,73965,73794],{"class":116},[61,73967,628],{"class":75},[14,73969,13276],{},[34,73971,73972,73975,73978],{},[37,73973,73974],{},"No arguments are needed",[37,73976,73977],{},"You call it on an existing list",[37,73979,73980],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73982,197],{},[52,73984,73986],{"className":54,"code":73985,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73987,73988,74020,74030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,73989,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,73991,207],{"class":67},[61,73993,72],{"class":71},[61,73995,76],{"class":75},[61,73997,215],{"class":214},[61,73999,219],{"class":218},[61,74001,215],{"class":214},[61,74003,83],{"class":75},[61,74005,226],{"class":214},[61,74007,246],{"class":218},[61,74009,215],{"class":214},[61,74011,83],{"class":75},[61,74013,226],{"class":214},[61,74015,229],{"class":218},[61,74017,215],{"class":214},[61,74019,98],{"class":75},[61,74021,74022,74024,74026,74028],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74023,264],{"class":67},[61,74025,26],{"class":75},[61,74027,73794],{"class":116},[61,74029,628],{"class":75},[61,74031,74032,74034,74036,74038],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74033,127],{"class":126},[61,74035,113],{"class":75},[61,74037,264],{"class":116},[61,74039,120],{"class":75},[14,74041,139],{},[52,74043,74045],{"className":54,"code":74044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,74046,74047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74048,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74050,4129],{"class":75},[61,74052,299],{"class":214},[61,74054,229],{"class":218},[61,74056,299],{"class":214},[61,74058,83],{"class":75},[61,74060,308],{"class":214},[61,74062,246],{"class":218},[61,74064,299],{"class":214},[61,74066,83],{"class":75},[61,74068,308],{"class":214},[61,74070,219],{"class":218},[61,74072,299],{"class":214},[61,74074,98],{"class":75},[47,74076,11696],{"id":11695},[14,74078,74079],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[52,74081,74083],{"className":54,"code":74082,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74084,74085,74109,74119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74086,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74088,68],{"class":67},[61,74090,72],{"class":71},[61,74092,76],{"class":75},[61,74094,447],{"class":79},[61,74096,83],{"class":75},[61,74098,452],{"class":79},[61,74100,83],{"class":75},[61,74102,8025],{"class":79},[61,74104,83],{"class":75},[61,74106,51067],{"class":79},[61,74108,98],{"class":75},[61,74110,74111,74113,74115,74117],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74112,117],{"class":67},[61,74114,26],{"class":75},[61,74116,73794],{"class":116},[61,74118,628],{"class":75},[61,74120,74121,74123,74125,74127],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74122,127],{"class":126},[61,74124,113],{"class":75},[61,74126,117],{"class":116},[61,74128,120],{"class":75},[14,74130,139],{},[52,74132,74134],{"className":54,"code":74133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,74135,74136],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74139,4129],{"class":75},[61,74141,56917],{"class":79},[61,74143,83],{"class":75},[61,74145,8025],{"class":79},[61,74147,83],{"class":75},[61,74149,452],{"class":79},[61,74151,83],{"class":75},[61,74153,457],{"class":79},[61,74155,98],{"class":75},[14,74157,11905],{},[34,74159,74160,74166,74171],{},[37,74161,74162,74163],{},"The list starts as ",[18,74164,74165],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[37,74167,74168,74170],{},[18,74169,73738],{}," flips the order",[37,74172,74173],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[47,74175,74177,74179],{"id":74176},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,74178,73738],{}," changes the original list",[14,74181,74182,74183,74186],{},"This method is ",[23,74184,74185],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[52,74188,74190],{"className":54,"code":74189,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,74191,74192,74224,74234,74238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74195,36460],{"class":67},[61,74197,72],{"class":71},[61,74199,76],{"class":75},[61,74201,215],{"class":214},[61,74203,2042],{"class":218},[61,74205,215],{"class":214},[61,74207,83],{"class":75},[61,74209,226],{"class":214},[61,74211,1040],{"class":218},[61,74213,215],{"class":214},[61,74215,83],{"class":75},[61,74217,226],{"class":214},[61,74219,4323],{"class":218},[61,74221,215],{"class":214},[61,74223,98],{"class":75},[61,74225,74226,74228,74230,74232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74227,36512],{"class":67},[61,74229,26],{"class":75},[61,74231,73794],{"class":116},[61,74233,628],{"class":75},[61,74235,74236],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74237,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74239,74240,74242,74244,74246],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74241,127],{"class":126},[61,74243,113],{"class":75},[61,74245,36512],{"class":116},[61,74247,120],{"class":75},[14,74249,139],{},[52,74251,74253],{"className":54,"code":74252,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74254,74255],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74256,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74258,4129],{"class":75},[61,74260,299],{"class":214},[61,74262,4323],{"class":218},[61,74264,299],{"class":214},[61,74266,83],{"class":75},[61,74268,308],{"class":214},[61,74270,1040],{"class":218},[61,74272,299],{"class":214},[61,74274,83],{"class":75},[61,74276,308],{"class":214},[61,74278,2042],{"class":218},[61,74280,299],{"class":214},[61,74282,98],{"class":75},[14,74284,165,74285,74287],{},[18,74286,73738],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74289,74290],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[52,74292,74294],{"className":54,"code":74293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74295,74296,74328,74346,74350,74360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74297,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74299,36460],{"class":67},[61,74301,72],{"class":71},[61,74303,76],{"class":75},[61,74305,215],{"class":214},[61,74307,2042],{"class":218},[61,74309,215],{"class":214},[61,74311,83],{"class":75},[61,74313,226],{"class":214},[61,74315,1040],{"class":218},[61,74317,215],{"class":214},[61,74319,83],{"class":75},[61,74321,226],{"class":214},[61,74323,4323],{"class":218},[61,74325,215],{"class":214},[61,74327,98],{"class":75},[61,74329,74330,74333,74335,74337,74340,74342,74344],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74331,74332],{"class":67},"reversed_fruits ",[61,74334,72],{"class":71},[61,74336,53075],{"class":67},[61,74338,74339],{"class":75},"[::",[61,74341,2275],{"class":71},[61,74343,80],{"class":79},[61,74345,98],{"class":75},[61,74347,74348],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74349,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74351,74352,74354,74356,74358],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74353,127],{"class":126},[61,74355,113],{"class":75},[61,74357,36512],{"class":116},[61,74359,120],{"class":75},[61,74361,74362,74364,74366,74369],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,74363,127],{"class":126},[61,74365,113],{"class":75},[61,74367,74368],{"class":116},"reversed_fruits",[61,74370,120],{"class":75},[14,74372,139],{},[52,74374,74376],{"className":54,"code":74375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74377,74378,74406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74381,4129],{"class":75},[61,74383,299],{"class":214},[61,74385,2042],{"class":218},[61,74387,299],{"class":214},[61,74389,83],{"class":75},[61,74391,308],{"class":214},[61,74393,1040],{"class":218},[61,74395,299],{"class":214},[61,74397,83],{"class":75},[61,74399,308],{"class":214},[61,74401,4323],{"class":218},[61,74403,299],{"class":214},[61,74405,98],{"class":75},[61,74407,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74409,4129],{"class":75},[61,74411,299],{"class":214},[61,74413,4323],{"class":218},[61,74415,299],{"class":214},[61,74417,83],{"class":75},[61,74419,308],{"class":214},[61,74421,1040],{"class":218},[61,74423,299],{"class":214},[61,74425,83],{"class":75},[61,74427,308],{"class":214},[61,74429,2042],{"class":218},[61,74431,299],{"class":214},[61,74433,98],{"class":75},[14,74435,74436,74437,26],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[334,74438,74439],{"href":73756},"Python list slicing explained",[47,74441,74443],{"id":74442},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74445,74446],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[52,74448,74450],{"className":54,"code":74449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74451,74452,74472,74486,74490,74501],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74453,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74455,68],{"class":67},[61,74457,72],{"class":71},[61,74459,76],{"class":75},[61,74461,80],{"class":79},[61,74463,83],{"class":75},[61,74465,86],{"class":79},[61,74467,83],{"class":75},[61,74469,95],{"class":79},[61,74471,98],{"class":75},[61,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74475,56114],{"class":67},[61,74477,72],{"class":71},[61,74479,4490],{"class":67},[61,74481,26],{"class":75},[61,74483,73794],{"class":116},[61,74485,628],{"class":75},[61,74487,74488],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74489,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74491,74492,74494,74496,74499],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74493,127],{"class":126},[61,74495,113],{"class":75},[61,74497,74498],{"class":116},"new_list",[61,74500,120],{"class":75},[61,74502,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,74504,127],{"class":126},[61,74506,113],{"class":75},[61,74508,117],{"class":116},[61,74510,120],{"class":75},[14,74512,139],{},[52,74514,74516],{"className":54,"code":74515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74517,74518,74522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74519,74520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74521,12030],{"class":1523},[61,74523,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74525,4129],{"class":75},[61,74527,1321],{"class":79},[61,74529,83],{"class":75},[61,74531,86],{"class":79},[61,74533,83],{"class":75},[61,74535,587],{"class":79},[61,74537,98],{"class":75},[14,74539,12122],{},[34,74541,74542,74550,74554],{},[37,74543,74544,74546,74547,74549],{},[18,74545,73738],{}," changes ",[18,74548,117],{}," directly",[37,74551,41128,74552,72056],{},[23,74553,704],{},[37,74555,53877,74556,42378,74558],{},[18,74557,74498],{},[18,74559,4012],{},[14,74561,62116],{},[52,74563,74565],{"className":54,"code":74564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74566,74567,74587,74597,74601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74568,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74570,68],{"class":67},[61,74572,72],{"class":71},[61,74574,76],{"class":75},[61,74576,80],{"class":79},[61,74578,83],{"class":75},[61,74580,86],{"class":79},[61,74582,83],{"class":75},[61,74584,95],{"class":79},[61,74586,98],{"class":75},[61,74588,74589,74591,74593,74595],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74590,117],{"class":67},[61,74592,26],{"class":75},[61,74594,73794],{"class":116},[61,74596,628],{"class":75},[61,74598,74599],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74600,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74602,74603,74605,74607,74609],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74604,127],{"class":126},[61,74606,113],{"class":75},[61,74608,117],{"class":116},[61,74610,120],{"class":75},[14,74612,139],{},[52,74614,74616],{"className":54,"code":74615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74617,74618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74619,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74621,4129],{"class":75},[61,74623,1321],{"class":79},[61,74625,83],{"class":75},[61,74627,86],{"class":79},[61,74629,83],{"class":75},[61,74631,587],{"class":79},[61,74633,98],{"class":75},[47,74635,74637,10806,74639,74642],{"id":74636},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74638,73738],{},[18,74640,74641],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74644,74645],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[819,74647,74648],{"id":73794},[18,74649,73738],{},[14,74651,74652,74654],{},[18,74653,73738],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[52,74656,74658],{"className":54,"code":74657,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74659,74660,74680,74690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74663,68],{"class":67},[61,74665,72],{"class":71},[61,74667,76],{"class":75},[61,74669,1321],{"class":79},[61,74671,83],{"class":75},[61,74673,587],{"class":79},[61,74675,83],{"class":75},[61,74677,86],{"class":79},[61,74679,98],{"class":75},[61,74681,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74683,117],{"class":67},[61,74685,26],{"class":75},[61,74687,73794],{"class":116},[61,74689,628],{"class":75},[61,74691,74692,74694,74696,74698],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74693,127],{"class":126},[61,74695,113],{"class":75},[61,74697,117],{"class":116},[61,74699,120],{"class":75},[14,74701,139],{},[52,74703,74705],{"className":54,"code":74704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74706,74707],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74710,4129],{"class":75},[61,74712,2310],{"class":79},[61,74714,83],{"class":75},[61,74716,587],{"class":79},[61,74718,83],{"class":75},[61,74720,95],{"class":79},[61,74722,98],{"class":75},[14,74724,74725,74726,74728],{},"Notice that this is ",[23,74727,704],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[819,74730,74732],{"id":74731},"sorted",[18,74733,74641],{},[14,74735,74736,74741],{},[334,74737,74739],{"href":74738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74740,74641],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[52,74743,74745],{"className":54,"code":74744,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74746,74747,74767,74782,74786,74796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74750,68],{"class":67},[61,74752,72],{"class":71},[61,74754,76],{"class":75},[61,74756,1321],{"class":79},[61,74758,83],{"class":75},[61,74760,587],{"class":79},[61,74762,83],{"class":75},[61,74764,86],{"class":79},[61,74766,98],{"class":75},[61,74768,74769,74771,74773,74776,74778,74780],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74770,869],{"class":67},[61,74772,72],{"class":71},[61,74774,74775],{"class":126}," sorted",[61,74777,113],{"class":75},[61,74779,117],{"class":116},[61,74781,120],{"class":75},[61,74783,74784],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74785,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74789,127],{"class":126},[61,74791,113],{"class":75},[61,74793,117],{"class":116},[61,74795,120],{"class":75},[61,74797,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,74799,127],{"class":126},[61,74801,113],{"class":75},[61,74803,892],{"class":116},[61,74805,120],{"class":75},[14,74807,139],{},[52,74809,74811],{"className":54,"code":74810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74812,74813,74829],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74814,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74816,4129],{"class":75},[61,74818,1321],{"class":79},[61,74820,83],{"class":75},[61,74822,587],{"class":79},[61,74824,83],{"class":75},[61,74826,86],{"class":79},[61,74828,98],{"class":75},[61,74830,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74832,4129],{"class":75},[61,74834,80],{"class":79},[61,74836,83],{"class":75},[61,74838,86],{"class":79},[61,74840,83],{"class":75},[61,74842,95],{"class":79},[61,74844,98],{"class":75},[14,74846,74847,74848,26],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74849,74850],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[819,74852,74854],{"id":74853},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74856,74857,74858,74861],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74859,74860],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[52,74863,74865],{"className":54,"code":74864,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74866,74867,74887,74903,74907,74917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74868,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74870,68],{"class":67},[61,74872,72],{"class":71},[61,74874,76],{"class":75},[61,74876,1321],{"class":79},[61,74878,83],{"class":75},[61,74880,587],{"class":79},[61,74882,83],{"class":75},[61,74884,86],{"class":79},[61,74886,98],{"class":75},[61,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74890,869],{"class":67},[61,74892,72],{"class":71},[61,74894,4490],{"class":67},[61,74896,74339],{"class":75},[61,74898,2275],{"class":71},[61,74900,80],{"class":79},[61,74902,98],{"class":75},[61,74904,74905],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,74906,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,74908,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,74910,127],{"class":126},[61,74912,113],{"class":75},[61,74914,117],{"class":116},[61,74916,120],{"class":75},[61,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,74920,127],{"class":126},[61,74922,113],{"class":75},[61,74924,892],{"class":116},[61,74926,120],{"class":75},[14,74928,139],{},[52,74930,74932],{"className":54,"code":74931,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74933,74934,74950],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,74935,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,74937,4129],{"class":75},[61,74939,1321],{"class":79},[61,74941,83],{"class":75},[61,74943,587],{"class":79},[61,74945,83],{"class":75},[61,74947,86],{"class":79},[61,74949,98],{"class":75},[61,74951,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,74953,4129],{"class":75},[61,74955,2310],{"class":79},[61,74957,83],{"class":75},[61,74959,587],{"class":79},[61,74961,83],{"class":75},[61,74963,95],{"class":79},[61,74965,98],{"class":75},[819,74967,74969],{"id":74968},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[34,74971,74972,74977,74982],{},[37,74973,165,74974,74976],{},[18,74975,73738],{}," when you want to change the original list",[37,74978,165,74979,74981],{},[18,74980,74860],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[37,74983,165,74984,74986],{},[18,74985,74641],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74988,74989,74990,74996],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[334,74991,74993,74994,10961],{"href":74992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74995,64530],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[47,74998,5189,75000],{"id":74999},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,75001,73738],{},[14,75003,75004,75006],{},[18,75005,73738],{}," is a good choice:",[34,75008,75009,75012,75015],{},[37,75010,75011],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[37,75013,75014],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[37,75016,75017],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,75019,75020,75021,26],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[334,75022,75024],{"href":75023},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[47,75026,1741],{"id":1740},[14,75028,75029,75030,75032],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,75031,73738],{}," for these reasons:",[34,75034,75035,75039,75044,75049],{},[37,75036,12817,75037,12820],{},[18,75038,73738],{},[37,75040,1864,75041,75043],{},[18,75042,73738],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[37,75045,1750,75046,75048],{},[18,75047,73738],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[37,75050,1874,75051,1877,75053],{},[18,75052,73738],{},[18,75054,75055],{},"reversed()",[14,75057,75058],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[52,75060,75062],{"className":54,"code":75061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,75063,75064,75076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75065,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75067,1033],{"class":67},[61,75069,72],{"class":71},[61,75071,226],{"class":214},[61,75073,475],{"class":218},[61,75075,1043],{"class":214},[61,75077,75078,75080,75082,75084],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75079,1056],{"class":67},[61,75081,26],{"class":75},[61,75083,73794],{"class":116},[61,75085,628],{"class":75},[14,75087,75088,75089,33822],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,75090,73738],{},[14,75092,75093],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[52,75095,75097],{"className":54,"code":75096,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75098,75099,75119,75123,75133,75147,75151,75165,75175,75179],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75100,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75102,8538],{"class":67},[61,75104,72],{"class":71},[61,75106,76],{"class":75},[61,75108,80],{"class":79},[61,75110,83],{"class":75},[61,75112,86],{"class":79},[61,75114,83],{"class":75},[61,75116,95],{"class":79},[61,75118,98],{"class":75},[61,75120,75121],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75122,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75126,127],{"class":126},[61,75128,113],{"class":75},[61,75130,8569],{"class":116},[61,75132,120],{"class":75},[61,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75136,127],{"class":126},[61,75138,113],{"class":75},[61,75140,648],{"class":109},[61,75142,113],{"class":75},[61,75144,8569],{"class":116},[61,75146,480],{"class":75},[61,75148,75149],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,75150,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75152,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,75154,869],{"class":67},[61,75156,72],{"class":71},[61,75158,8626],{"class":67},[61,75160,26],{"class":75},[61,75162,73794],{"class":116},[61,75164,628],{"class":75},[61,75166,75167,75169,75171,75173],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,75168,127],{"class":126},[61,75170,113],{"class":75},[61,75172,892],{"class":116},[61,75174,120],{"class":75},[61,75176,75177],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,75178,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75180,75181,75183,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,75182,127],{"class":126},[61,75184,113],{"class":75},[61,75186,8569],{"class":116},[61,75188,74339],{"class":75},[61,75190,2275],{"class":71},[61,75192,80],{"class":79},[61,75194,1474],{"class":75},[14,75196,139],{},[52,75198,75200],{"className":54,"code":75199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,75201,75202,75218,75232,75236],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75205,4129],{"class":75},[61,75207,80],{"class":79},[61,75209,83],{"class":75},[61,75211,86],{"class":79},[61,75213,83],{"class":75},[61,75215,95],{"class":79},[61,75217,98],{"class":75},[61,75219,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75221,672],{"class":71},[61,75223,676],{"class":675},[61,75225,308],{"class":214},[61,75227,383],{"class":218},[61,75229,299],{"class":214},[61,75231,685],{"class":71},[61,75233,75234],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75235,12030],{"class":1523},[61,75237,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75239,4129],{"class":75},[61,75241,80],{"class":79},[61,75243,83],{"class":75},[61,75245,86],{"class":79},[61,75247,83],{"class":75},[61,75249,587],{"class":79},[61,75251,98],{"class":75},[14,75253,75254],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[52,75256,75258],{"className":54,"code":75257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75259,75260,75280,75284,75294,75308,75312,75326,75336,75346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75261,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75263,8538],{"class":67},[61,75265,72],{"class":71},[61,75267,76],{"class":75},[61,75269,80],{"class":79},[61,75271,83],{"class":75},[61,75273,86],{"class":79},[61,75275,83],{"class":75},[61,75277,95],{"class":79},[61,75279,98],{"class":75},[61,75281,75282],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75283,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75285,75286,75288,75290,75292],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75287,127],{"class":126},[61,75289,113],{"class":75},[61,75291,8569],{"class":116},[61,75293,120],{"class":75},[61,75295,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75297,127],{"class":126},[61,75299,113],{"class":75},[61,75301,648],{"class":109},[61,75303,113],{"class":75},[61,75305,8569],{"class":116},[61,75307,480],{"class":75},[61,75309,75310],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,75311,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75313,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,75315,869],{"class":67},[61,75317,72],{"class":71},[61,75319,8626],{"class":67},[61,75321,26],{"class":75},[61,75323,73794],{"class":116},[61,75325,628],{"class":75},[61,75327,75328,75330,75332,75334],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,75329,127],{"class":126},[61,75331,113],{"class":75},[61,75333,892],{"class":116},[61,75335,120],{"class":75},[61,75337,75338,75340,75342,75344],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,75339,127],{"class":126},[61,75341,113],{"class":75},[61,75343,8569],{"class":116},[61,75345,120],{"class":75},[61,75347,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,75349,127],{"class":126},[61,75351,113],{"class":75},[61,75353,8569],{"class":116},[61,75355,74339],{"class":75},[61,75357,2275],{"class":71},[61,75359,80],{"class":79},[61,75361,1474],{"class":75},[14,75363,139],{},[52,75365,75367],{"className":54,"code":75366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75368,75369,75385,75399,75403,75419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75370,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75372,4129],{"class":75},[61,75374,80],{"class":79},[61,75376,83],{"class":75},[61,75378,86],{"class":79},[61,75380,83],{"class":75},[61,75382,95],{"class":79},[61,75384,98],{"class":75},[61,75386,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75388,672],{"class":71},[61,75390,676],{"class":675},[61,75392,308],{"class":214},[61,75394,383],{"class":218},[61,75396,299],{"class":214},[61,75398,685],{"class":71},[61,75400,75401],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75402,12030],{"class":1523},[61,75404,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75406,4129],{"class":75},[61,75408,1321],{"class":79},[61,75410,83],{"class":75},[61,75412,86],{"class":79},[61,75414,83],{"class":75},[61,75416,587],{"class":79},[61,75418,98],{"class":75},[61,75420,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,75422,4129],{"class":75},[61,75424,80],{"class":79},[61,75426,83],{"class":75},[61,75428,86],{"class":79},[61,75430,83],{"class":75},[61,75432,95],{"class":79},[61,75434,98],{"class":75},[14,75436,75437],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[34,75439,75440,75449,75458],{},[37,75441,28017,75442,75445,75446],{},[18,75443,75444],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75447,75448],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[37,75450,12138,75451,75454,75455,22780],{},[18,75452,75453],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[23,75456,75457],{},"current",[37,75459,75460,75461],{},"So it prints ",[18,75462,75463],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[47,75465,1987],{"id":1986},[819,75467,12927,75469,55693],{"id":75468},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75470,73743],{},[14,75472,62821,75473,26],{},[18,75474,4012],{},[819,75476,34427,75478,34430,75480,2735],{"id":75477},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75479,73738],{},[18,75481,75482],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75484,75485,75487],{},[18,75486,73738],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75489,75490,75492],{},[18,75491,75482],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[819,75494,28550,75496,75498],{"id":75495},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75497,73738],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75500,46589,75501,75503],{},[18,75502,73738],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[819,75505,75507],{"id":75506},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75509,75510],{},"Use slicing:",[52,75512,75514],{"className":54,"code":75513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75515,75516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75517,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75519,8569],{"class":67},[61,75521,74339],{"class":75},[61,75523,2275],{"class":71},[61,75525,80],{"class":79},[61,75527,98],{"class":75},[14,75529,75530],{},"Or use:",[52,75532,75534],{"className":54,"code":75533,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75535,75536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75537,75538,75540,75542,75545,75547,75549],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75539,383],{"class":109},[61,75541,113],{"class":75},[61,75543,75544],{"class":126},"reversed",[61,75546,113],{"class":75},[61,75548,8569],{"class":116},[61,75550,480],{"class":75},[14,75552,75553,75554,75558],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[334,75555,55744,75556],{"href":55184},[18,75557,13000],{}," can also help.",[47,75560,2144],{"id":2143},[34,75562,75563,75569,75575,75579,75583],{},[37,75564,75565],{},[334,75566,55744,75567,10961],{"href":74992},[18,75568,64530],{},[37,75570,75571],{},[334,75572,3808,75573,3741],{"href":74738},[18,75574,74641],{},[37,75576,75577],{},[334,75578,75024],{"href":75023},[37,75580,75581],{},[334,75582,74439],{"href":73756},[37,75584,75585],{},[334,75586,55744,75587,10961],{"href":55184},[18,75588,13000],{},[2169,75590,75591],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":75593},[75594,75595,75597,75598,75599,75601,75602,75609,75611,75612,75621],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":73817,"depth":101,"text":75596},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":74176,"depth":101,"text":75600},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74442,"depth":101,"text":74443},{"id":74636,"depth":101,"text":75603,"children":75604},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75605,75606,75607,75608],{"id":73794,"depth":123,"text":73738},{"id":74731,"depth":123,"text":74641},{"id":74853,"depth":123,"text":74854},{"id":74968,"depth":123,"text":74969},{"id":74999,"depth":101,"text":75610},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":75613},[75614,75616,75618,75620],{"id":75468,"depth":123,"text":75615},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75477,"depth":123,"text":75617},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75495,"depth":123,"text":75619},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75506,"depth":123,"text":75507},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73730,"description":75622},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75629,"title":75630,"body":75631,"description":78062,"extension":2216,"meta":78063,"navigation":271,"path":78064,"seo":78065,"stem":78066,"__hash__":78067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75632,"toc":78030},[75633,75636,75648,75651,75674,75682,75684,75796,75805,75809,75812,75815,75902,75904,75937,75939,75962,75968,75972,75975,75997,75999,76016,76019,76039,76041,76151,76153,76230,76234,76237,76279,76281,76414,76416,76518,76523,76527,76530,76532,76546,76549,76663,76665,76739,76741,76769,76773,76778,76808,76811,76937,76939,77021,77027,77031,77033,77072,77080,77084,77087,77091,77138,77140,77148,77152,77203,77205,77218,77220,77234,77237,77245,77247,77294,77296,77304,77307,77350,77355,77358,77361,77384,77388,77439,77442,77463,77473,77477,77479,77509,77512,77535,77539,77542,77609,77611,77648,77651,77659,77726,77728,77765,77771,77778,77782,77785,77815,77820,77824,77827,77851,77854,77948,77958,77960,77964,77967,77971,77974,77979,77982,77988,77991,77993,78021,78027],[10,75634,75630],{"id":75635},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75637,75638,75639,2437,75641,17293,75644,75647],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75640,36294],{},[18,75642,75643],{},"stop",[18,75645,75646],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75649,75650],{},"The basic slice form is:",[52,75652,75654],{"className":54,"code":75653,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75655,75656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75657,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75659,8569],{"class":67},[61,75661,4129],{"class":75},[61,75663,36294],{"class":67},[61,75665,378],{"class":75},[61,75667,75643],{"class":67},[61,75669,378],{"class":75},[61,75671,75646],{"class":67},[61,75673,98],{"class":75},[14,75675,75676,75677,75679,75680,26],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75678,75643],{}," position is ",[23,75681,65287],{},[47,75683,50],{"id":49},[52,75685,75687],{"className":54,"code":75686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75688,75689,75717,75721,75742,75760,75777],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75690,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75692,68],{"class":67},[61,75694,72],{"class":71},[61,75696,76],{"class":75},[61,75698,447],{"class":79},[61,75700,83],{"class":75},[61,75702,452],{"class":79},[61,75704,83],{"class":75},[61,75706,8025],{"class":79},[61,75708,83],{"class":75},[61,75710,51067],{"class":79},[61,75712,83],{"class":75},[61,75714,5309],{"class":79},[61,75716,98],{"class":75},[61,75718,75719],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75720,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75722,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75724,127],{"class":126},[61,75726,113],{"class":75},[61,75728,117],{"class":116},[61,75730,4129],{"class":75},[61,75732,80],{"class":79},[61,75734,378],{"class":75},[61,75736,498],{"class":79},[61,75738,20666],{"class":75},[61,75740,75741],{"class":3896},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[61,75743,75744,75746,75748,75750,75753,75755,75757],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75745,127],{"class":126},[61,75747,113],{"class":75},[61,75749,117],{"class":116},[61,75751,75752],{"class":75},"[:",[61,75754,1321],{"class":79},[61,75756,20666],{"class":75},[61,75758,75759],{"class":3896},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[61,75761,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,75763,127],{"class":126},[61,75765,113],{"class":75},[61,75767,117],{"class":116},[61,75769,74339],{"class":75},[61,75771,2310],{"class":79},[61,75773,20666],{"class":75},[61,75775,75776],{"class":3896},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[61,75778,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,75780,127],{"class":126},[61,75782,113],{"class":75},[61,75784,117],{"class":116},[61,75786,74339],{"class":75},[61,75788,2275],{"class":71},[61,75790,80],{"class":79},[61,75792,20666],{"class":75},[61,75794,75795],{"class":3896},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75797,165,75798,75801,75802,75804],{},[18,75799,75800],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75803,75643],{}," value is not included.",[47,75806,75808],{"id":75807},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75810,75811],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75813,75814],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[52,75816,75818],{"className":54,"code":75817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75819,75820,75868,75872,75891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75823,36312],{"class":67},[61,75825,72],{"class":71},[61,75827,76],{"class":75},[61,75829,215],{"class":214},[61,75831,334],{"class":218},[61,75833,215],{"class":214},[61,75835,83],{"class":75},[61,75837,226],{"class":214},[61,75839,765],{"class":218},[61,75841,215],{"class":214},[61,75843,83],{"class":75},[61,75845,226],{"class":214},[61,75847,9961],{"class":218},[61,75849,215],{"class":214},[61,75851,83],{"class":75},[61,75853,226],{"class":214},[61,75855,18987],{"class":218},[61,75857,215],{"class":214},[61,75859,83],{"class":75},[61,75861,226],{"class":214},[61,75863,553],{"class":218},[61,75865,215],{"class":214},[61,75867,98],{"class":75},[61,75869,75870],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,75871,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,75873,75874,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,75875,75876],{"class":67},"part ",[61,75878,72],{"class":71},[61,75880,70313],{"class":67},[61,75882,4129],{"class":75},[61,75884,80],{"class":79},[61,75886,378],{"class":75},[61,75888,498],{"class":79},[61,75890,98],{"class":75},[61,75892,75893,75895,75897,75900],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,75894,127],{"class":126},[61,75896,113],{"class":75},[61,75898,75899],{"class":116},"part",[61,75901,120],{"class":75},[14,75903,139],{},[52,75905,75907],{"className":54,"code":75906,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75908,75909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75910,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75912,4129],{"class":75},[61,75914,299],{"class":214},[61,75916,765],{"class":218},[61,75918,299],{"class":214},[61,75920,83],{"class":75},[61,75922,308],{"class":214},[61,75924,9961],{"class":218},[61,75926,299],{"class":214},[61,75928,83],{"class":75},[61,75930,308],{"class":214},[61,75932,18987],{"class":218},[61,75934,299],{"class":214},[61,75936,98],{"class":75},[14,75938,13276],{},[34,75940,75941,75944,75947,75953,75959],{},[37,75942,75943],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[37,75945,75946],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[37,75948,75949,75950],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75951,75952],{},"list[start:stop]",[37,75954,75955,75956,75958],{},"The item at ",[18,75957,75643],{}," is not included",[37,75960,75961],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75963,75964,75965,26],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[334,75966,75967],{"href":51203},"beginner guide to Python lists",[47,75969,75971],{"id":75970},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75973,75974],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[52,75976,75977],{"className":54,"code":75653,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,75978,75979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,75980,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,75982,8569],{"class":67},[61,75984,4129],{"class":75},[61,75986,36294],{"class":67},[61,75988,378],{"class":75},[61,75990,75643],{"class":67},[61,75992,378],{"class":75},[61,75994,75646],{"class":67},[61,75996,98],{"class":75},[14,75998,65263],{},[34,76000,76001,76006,76011],{},[37,76002,76003,76005],{},[18,76004,36294],{}," is where slicing begins",[37,76007,76008,76010],{},[18,76009,75643],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[37,76012,76013,76015],{},[18,76014,75646],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,76017,76018],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[34,76020,76021,76027,76032],{},[37,76022,76023,76024,76026],{},"Missing ",[18,76025,36294],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[37,76028,76023,76029,76031],{},[18,76030,75643],{}," means go to the end of the list",[37,76033,76023,76034,76036,76037],{},[18,76035,75646],{}," means use ",[18,76038,80],{},[14,76040,197],{},[52,76042,76044],{"className":54,"code":76043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,76045,76046,76074,76078,76099,76116,76134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76047,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76049,68],{"class":67},[61,76051,72],{"class":71},[61,76053,76],{"class":75},[61,76055,447],{"class":79},[61,76057,83],{"class":75},[61,76059,452],{"class":79},[61,76061,83],{"class":75},[61,76063,8025],{"class":79},[61,76065,83],{"class":75},[61,76067,51067],{"class":79},[61,76069,83],{"class":75},[61,76071,5309],{"class":79},[61,76073,98],{"class":75},[61,76075,76076],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76077,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,76079,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76081,127],{"class":126},[61,76083,113],{"class":75},[61,76085,117],{"class":116},[61,76087,4129],{"class":75},[61,76089,80],{"class":79},[61,76091,378],{"class":75},[61,76093,498],{"class":79},[61,76095,20666],{"class":75},[61,76097,76098],{"class":3896},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[61,76100,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76102,127],{"class":126},[61,76104,113],{"class":75},[61,76106,117],{"class":116},[61,76108,75752],{"class":75},[61,76110,1321],{"class":79},[61,76112,20666],{"class":75},[61,76114,76115],{"class":3896},"    # start from the beginning\n",[61,76117,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76131],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,76119,127],{"class":126},[61,76121,113],{"class":75},[61,76123,117],{"class":116},[61,76125,4129],{"class":75},[61,76127,2310],{"class":79},[61,76129,76130],{"class":75},":])",[61,76132,76133],{"class":3896},"    # go to the end\n",[61,76135,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,76137,127],{"class":126},[61,76139,113],{"class":75},[61,76141,117],{"class":116},[61,76143,74339],{"class":75},[61,76145,80],{"class":79},[61,76147,20666],{"class":75},[61,76149,76150],{"class":3896},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76152,139],{},[52,76154,76156],{"className":54,"code":76155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,76157,76158,76174,76190,76206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76159,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76161,4129],{"class":75},[61,76163,15974],{"class":79},[61,76165,83],{"class":75},[61,76167,8025],{"class":79},[61,76169,83],{"class":75},[61,76171,51067],{"class":79},[61,76173,98],{"class":75},[61,76175,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76177,4129],{"class":75},[61,76179,447],{"class":79},[61,76181,83],{"class":75},[61,76183,452],{"class":79},[61,76185,83],{"class":75},[61,76187,8025],{"class":79},[61,76189,98],{"class":75},[61,76191,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76193,4129],{"class":75},[61,76195,37063],{"class":79},[61,76197,83],{"class":75},[61,76199,51067],{"class":79},[61,76201,83],{"class":75},[61,76203,5309],{"class":79},[61,76205,98],{"class":75},[61,76207,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76209,4129],{"class":75},[61,76211,447],{"class":79},[61,76213,83],{"class":75},[61,76215,452],{"class":79},[61,76217,83],{"class":75},[61,76219,8025],{"class":79},[61,76221,83],{"class":75},[61,76223,51067],{"class":79},[61,76225,83],{"class":75},[61,76227,5309],{"class":79},[61,76229,98],{"class":75},[47,76231,76233],{"id":76232},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76235,76236],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[34,76238,76239,76247,76256,76267,76273],{},[37,76240,76241,76244,76245,6194],{},[18,76242,76243],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,76246,1104],{},[37,76248,76249,76252,76253,76255],{},[18,76250,76251],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,76254,1104],{}," to the end",[37,76257,76258,76261,76262,76264,76265],{},[18,76259,76260],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,76263,334],{}," up to ",[18,76266,765],{},[37,76268,76269,76272],{},[18,76270,76271],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[37,76274,76275,76278],{},[18,76276,76277],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76280,197],{},[52,76282,76284],{"className":54,"code":76283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,76285,76286,76319,76323,76340,76357,76378,76395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76287,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76289,68],{"class":67},[61,76291,72],{"class":71},[61,76293,76],{"class":75},[61,76295,447],{"class":79},[61,76297,83],{"class":75},[61,76299,452],{"class":79},[61,76301,83],{"class":75},[61,76303,8025],{"class":79},[61,76305,83],{"class":75},[61,76307,51067],{"class":79},[61,76309,83],{"class":75},[61,76311,5309],{"class":79},[61,76313,83],{"class":75},[61,76315,76316],{"class":79}," 60",[61,76318,98],{"class":75},[61,76320,76321],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76322,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,76324,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76326,127],{"class":126},[61,76328,113],{"class":75},[61,76330,117],{"class":116},[61,76332,75752],{"class":75},[61,76334,1321],{"class":79},[61,76336,20666],{"class":75},[61,76338,76339],{"class":3896},"    # first 3 items\n",[61,76341,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76343,127],{"class":126},[61,76345,113],{"class":75},[61,76347,117],{"class":116},[61,76349,4129],{"class":75},[61,76351,1321],{"class":79},[61,76353,76130],{"class":75},[61,76355,76356],{"class":3896},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[61,76358,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,76360,127],{"class":126},[61,76362,113],{"class":75},[61,76364,117],{"class":116},[61,76366,4129],{"class":75},[61,76368,80],{"class":79},[61,76370,378],{"class":75},[61,76372,945],{"class":79},[61,76374,20666],{"class":75},[61,76376,76377],{"class":3896},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[61,76379,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,76381,127],{"class":126},[61,76383,113],{"class":75},[61,76385,117],{"class":116},[61,76387,74339],{"class":75},[61,76389,2310],{"class":79},[61,76391,20666],{"class":75},[61,76393,76394],{"class":3896},"   # every second item\n",[61,76396,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409,76411],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,76398,127],{"class":126},[61,76400,113],{"class":75},[61,76402,117],{"class":116},[61,76404,74339],{"class":75},[61,76406,2275],{"class":71},[61,76408,80],{"class":79},[61,76410,20666],{"class":75},[61,76412,76413],{"class":3896},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76415,139],{},[52,76417,76419],{"className":54,"code":76418,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76420,76421,76437,76453,76473,76489],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76424,4129],{"class":75},[61,76426,447],{"class":79},[61,76428,83],{"class":75},[61,76430,452],{"class":79},[61,76432,83],{"class":75},[61,76434,8025],{"class":79},[61,76436,98],{"class":75},[61,76438,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76440,4129],{"class":75},[61,76442,56917],{"class":79},[61,76444,83],{"class":75},[61,76446,5309],{"class":79},[61,76448,83],{"class":75},[61,76450,76316],{"class":79},[61,76452,98],{"class":75},[61,76454,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76456,4129],{"class":75},[61,76458,15974],{"class":79},[61,76460,83],{"class":75},[61,76462,8025],{"class":79},[61,76464,83],{"class":75},[61,76466,51067],{"class":79},[61,76468,83],{"class":75},[61,76470,5309],{"class":79},[61,76472,98],{"class":75},[61,76474,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76476,4129],{"class":75},[61,76478,447],{"class":79},[61,76480,83],{"class":75},[61,76482,8025],{"class":79},[61,76484,83],{"class":75},[61,76486,5309],{"class":79},[61,76488,98],{"class":75},[61,76490,76491,76493,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,76492,4129],{"class":75},[61,76494,76495],{"class":79},"60",[61,76497,83],{"class":75},[61,76499,5309],{"class":79},[61,76501,83],{"class":75},[61,76503,51067],{"class":79},[61,76505,83],{"class":75},[61,76507,8025],{"class":79},[61,76509,83],{"class":75},[61,76511,452],{"class":79},[61,76513,83],{"class":75},[61,76515,457],{"class":79},[61,76517,98],{"class":75},[14,76519,76520,76521,26],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[334,76522,15109],{"href":57444},[47,76524,76526],{"id":76525},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76528,76529],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76531,5701],{},[34,76533,76534,76540],{},[37,76535,76536,76539],{},[18,76537,76538],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[37,76541,76542,76545],{},[18,76543,76544],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76547,76548],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[52,76550,76552],{"className":54,"code":76551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76553,76554,76602,76606,76625,76644],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76555,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76557,36312],{"class":67},[61,76559,72],{"class":71},[61,76561,76],{"class":75},[61,76563,215],{"class":214},[61,76565,334],{"class":218},[61,76567,215],{"class":214},[61,76569,83],{"class":75},[61,76571,226],{"class":214},[61,76573,765],{"class":218},[61,76575,215],{"class":214},[61,76577,83],{"class":75},[61,76579,226],{"class":214},[61,76581,9961],{"class":218},[61,76583,215],{"class":214},[61,76585,83],{"class":75},[61,76587,226],{"class":214},[61,76589,18987],{"class":218},[61,76591,215],{"class":214},[61,76593,83],{"class":75},[61,76595,226],{"class":214},[61,76597,553],{"class":218},[61,76599,215],{"class":214},[61,76601,98],{"class":75},[61,76603,76604],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76605,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,76607,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76609,127],{"class":126},[61,76611,113],{"class":75},[61,76613,36365],{"class":116},[61,76615,4129],{"class":75},[61,76617,2275],{"class":71},[61,76619,80],{"class":79},[61,76621,20666],{"class":75},[61,76623,76624],{"class":3896},"    # last item\n",[61,76626,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76628,127],{"class":126},[61,76630,113],{"class":75},[61,76632,36365],{"class":116},[61,76634,4129],{"class":75},[61,76636,2275],{"class":71},[61,76638,1321],{"class":79},[61,76640,76130],{"class":75},[61,76642,76643],{"class":3896},"   # last 3 items\n",[61,76645,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,76647,127],{"class":126},[61,76649,113],{"class":75},[61,76651,36365],{"class":116},[61,76653,75752],{"class":75},[61,76655,2275],{"class":71},[61,76657,80],{"class":79},[61,76659,20666],{"class":75},[61,76661,76662],{"class":3896},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76664,139],{},[52,76666,76668],{"className":54,"code":76667,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76669,76670,76675,76703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76671,76672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76673,76674],{"class":67},"e\n",[61,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76678,4129],{"class":75},[61,76680,299],{"class":214},[61,76682,9961],{"class":218},[61,76684,299],{"class":214},[61,76686,83],{"class":75},[61,76688,308],{"class":214},[61,76690,18987],{"class":218},[61,76692,299],{"class":214},[61,76694,83],{"class":75},[61,76696,308],{"class":214},[61,76698,553],{"class":218},[61,76700,299],{"class":214},[61,76702,98],{"class":75},[61,76704,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76706,4129],{"class":75},[61,76708,299],{"class":214},[61,76710,334],{"class":218},[61,76712,299],{"class":214},[61,76714,83],{"class":75},[61,76716,308],{"class":214},[61,76718,765],{"class":218},[61,76720,299],{"class":214},[61,76722,83],{"class":75},[61,76724,308],{"class":214},[61,76726,9961],{"class":218},[61,76728,299],{"class":214},[61,76730,83],{"class":75},[61,76732,308],{"class":214},[61,76734,18987],{"class":218},[61,76736,299],{"class":214},[61,76738,98],{"class":75},[14,76740,13276],{},[34,76742,76743,76746,76750,76756,76762],{},[37,76744,76745],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[37,76747,76748,76539],{},[18,76749,76538],{},[37,76751,76752,76755],{},[18,76753,76754],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[37,76757,76758,76761],{},[18,76759,76760],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[37,76763,76764,76765,4621,76767],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76766,36294],{},[18,76768,75643],{},[47,76770,76772],{"id":76771},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76774,2233,76775,76777],{},[18,76776,75646],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[34,76779,76780,76783,76786,76791,76801],{},[37,76781,76782],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[37,76784,76785],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[37,76787,76788,76790],{},[18,76789,76277],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[37,76792,9101,76793,76795,76796,76798,76799],{},[18,76794,75646],{}," is negative, ",[18,76797,36294],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76800,75643],{},[37,76802,76803,76805,76806],{},[18,76804,75646],{}," cannot be ",[18,76807,582],{},[14,76809,76810],{},"Example with different step values:",[52,76812,76814],{"className":54,"code":76813,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76815,76816,76848,76852,76869,76891,76910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76819,68],{"class":67},[61,76821,72],{"class":71},[61,76823,76],{"class":75},[61,76825,447],{"class":79},[61,76827,83],{"class":75},[61,76829,452],{"class":79},[61,76831,83],{"class":75},[61,76833,8025],{"class":79},[61,76835,83],{"class":75},[61,76837,51067],{"class":79},[61,76839,83],{"class":75},[61,76841,5309],{"class":79},[61,76843,83],{"class":75},[61,76845,76316],{"class":79},[61,76847,98],{"class":75},[61,76849,76850],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76851,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,76853,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76855,127],{"class":126},[61,76857,113],{"class":75},[61,76859,117],{"class":116},[61,76861,74339],{"class":75},[61,76863,2310],{"class":79},[61,76865,20666],{"class":75},[61,76867,76868],{"class":3896},"     # every second item\n",[61,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76884,76886,76888],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,76872,127],{"class":126},[61,76874,113],{"class":75},[61,76876,117],{"class":116},[61,76878,4129],{"class":75},[61,76880,80],{"class":79},[61,76882,76883],{"class":75},"::",[61,76885,2310],{"class":79},[61,76887,20666],{"class":75},[61,76889,76890],{"class":3896},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[61,76892,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,76894,127],{"class":126},[61,76896,113],{"class":75},[61,76898,117],{"class":116},[61,76900,74339],{"class":75},[61,76902,2275],{"class":71},[61,76904,80],{"class":79},[61,76906,20666],{"class":75},[61,76908,76909],{"class":3896},"    # reverse the list\n",[61,76911,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,76913,127],{"class":126},[61,76915,113],{"class":75},[61,76917,117],{"class":116},[61,76919,4129],{"class":75},[61,76921,498],{"class":79},[61,76923,378],{"class":75},[61,76925,80],{"class":79},[61,76927,378],{"class":75},[61,76929,2275],{"class":71},[61,76931,80],{"class":79},[61,76933,20666],{"class":75},[61,76935,76936],{"class":3896},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76938,139],{},[52,76940,76942],{"className":54,"code":76941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76943,76944,76960,76976,77004],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,76945,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,76947,4129],{"class":75},[61,76949,447],{"class":79},[61,76951,83],{"class":75},[61,76953,8025],{"class":79},[61,76955,83],{"class":75},[61,76957,5309],{"class":79},[61,76959,98],{"class":75},[61,76961,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,76963,4129],{"class":75},[61,76965,15974],{"class":79},[61,76967,83],{"class":75},[61,76969,51067],{"class":79},[61,76971,83],{"class":75},[61,76973,76316],{"class":79},[61,76975,98],{"class":75},[61,76977,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,76979,4129],{"class":75},[61,76981,76495],{"class":79},[61,76983,83],{"class":75},[61,76985,5309],{"class":79},[61,76987,83],{"class":75},[61,76989,51067],{"class":79},[61,76991,83],{"class":75},[61,76993,8025],{"class":79},[61,76995,83],{"class":75},[61,76997,452],{"class":79},[61,76999,83],{"class":75},[61,77001,457],{"class":79},[61,77003,98],{"class":75},[61,77005,77006,77008,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,77007,4129],{"class":75},[61,77009,77010],{"class":79},"50",[61,77012,83],{"class":75},[61,77014,51067],{"class":79},[61,77016,83],{"class":75},[61,77018,8025],{"class":79},[61,77020,98],{"class":75},[14,77022,77023,77024,26],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[334,77025,77026],{"href":75023},"how to reverse a list in Python",[819,77028,77030],{"id":77029},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,77032,3077],{},[52,77034,77036],{"className":54,"code":77035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77037,77038,77058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77039,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77041,68],{"class":67},[61,77043,72],{"class":71},[61,77045,76],{"class":75},[61,77047,80],{"class":79},[61,77049,83],{"class":75},[61,77051,86],{"class":79},[61,77053,83],{"class":75},[61,77055,95],{"class":79},[61,77057,98],{"class":75},[61,77059,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77061,127],{"class":126},[61,77063,113],{"class":75},[61,77065,117],{"class":116},[61,77067,74339],{"class":75},[61,77069,582],{"class":79},[61,77071,1474],{"class":75},[14,77073,1331,77074,77076,77077,77079],{},[18,77075,40926],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,77078,582],{}," does not make sense.",[47,77081,77083],{"id":77082},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,77085,77086],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[819,77088,77090],{"id":77089},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[52,77092,77094],{"className":54,"code":77093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,77095,77096,77120,77124],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77097,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77099,68],{"class":67},[61,77101,72],{"class":71},[61,77103,76],{"class":75},[61,77105,447],{"class":79},[61,77107,83],{"class":75},[61,77109,452],{"class":79},[61,77111,83],{"class":75},[61,77113,8025],{"class":79},[61,77115,83],{"class":75},[61,77117,51067],{"class":79},[61,77119,98],{"class":75},[61,77121,77122],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77123,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77125,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77127,127],{"class":126},[61,77129,113],{"class":75},[61,77131,117],{"class":116},[61,77133,4129],{"class":75},[61,77135,2310],{"class":79},[61,77137,1474],{"class":75},[14,77139,139],{},[52,77141,77142],{"className":54,"code":70057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,77143,77144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77145,77146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77147,70057],{"class":79},[819,77149,77151],{"id":77150},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[52,77153,77155],{"className":54,"code":77154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,77156,77157,77181,77185],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77158,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77160,68],{"class":67},[61,77162,72],{"class":71},[61,77164,76],{"class":75},[61,77166,447],{"class":79},[61,77168,83],{"class":75},[61,77170,452],{"class":79},[61,77172,83],{"class":75},[61,77174,8025],{"class":79},[61,77176,83],{"class":75},[61,77178,51067],{"class":79},[61,77180,98],{"class":75},[61,77182,77183],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77184,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77186,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77188,127],{"class":126},[61,77190,113],{"class":75},[61,77192,117],{"class":116},[61,77194,4129],{"class":75},[61,77196,2310],{"class":79},[61,77198,378],{"class":75},[61,77200,1321],{"class":79},[61,77202,1474],{"class":75},[14,77204,139],{},[52,77206,77208],{"className":54,"code":77207,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30]\n",[18,77209,77210],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77211,77212,77214,77216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77213,4129],{"class":75},[61,77215,37063],{"class":79},[61,77217,98],{"class":75},[14,77219,13984],{},[34,77221,77222,77228],{},[37,77223,77224,77227],{},[18,77225,77226],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[37,77229,77230,77233],{},[18,77231,77232],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77235,77236],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[34,77238,77239,77242],{},[37,77240,77241],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[37,77243,77244],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77246,197],{},[52,77248,77250],{"className":54,"code":77249,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,77251,77252,77272,77276],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77253,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77255,68],{"class":67},[61,77257,72],{"class":71},[61,77259,76],{"class":75},[61,77261,447],{"class":79},[61,77263,83],{"class":75},[61,77265,452],{"class":79},[61,77267,83],{"class":75},[61,77269,8025],{"class":79},[61,77271,98],{"class":75},[61,77273,77274],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77275,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77277,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77279,127],{"class":126},[61,77281,113],{"class":75},[61,77283,117],{"class":116},[61,77285,4129],{"class":75},[61,77287,945],{"class":79},[61,77289,378],{"class":75},[61,77291,447],{"class":79},[61,77293,1474],{"class":75},[14,77295,139],{},[52,77297,77298],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,77299,77300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77301,77302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77303,38518],{"class":75},[14,77305,77306],{},"But this would raise an error:",[52,77308,77310],{"className":54,"code":77309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,77311,77312,77332,77336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77313,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77315,68],{"class":67},[61,77317,72],{"class":71},[61,77319,76],{"class":75},[61,77321,447],{"class":79},[61,77323,83],{"class":75},[61,77325,452],{"class":79},[61,77327,83],{"class":75},[61,77329,8025],{"class":79},[61,77331,98],{"class":75},[61,77333,77334],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77335,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77337,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77339,127],{"class":126},[61,77341,113],{"class":75},[61,77343,117],{"class":116},[61,77345,4129],{"class":75},[61,77347,945],{"class":79},[61,77349,1474],{"class":75},[14,77351,77352,77353,26],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[334,77354,69476],{"href":69475},[47,77356,15398],{"id":77357},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77359,77360],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[34,77362,77363,77367,77369,77372,77378],{},[37,77364,4932,77365,75958],{},[18,77366,75643],{},[37,77368,60913],{},[37,77370,77371],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[37,77373,1874,77374,1877,77376],{},[18,77375,76277],{},[18,77377,73743],{},[37,77379,77380,77381,77383],{},"Using step ",[18,77382,582],{},", which causes an error",[819,77385,77387],{"id":77386},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[52,77389,77391],{"className":54,"code":77390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77392,77393,77421],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77394,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77396,68],{"class":67},[61,77398,72],{"class":71},[61,77400,76],{"class":75},[61,77402,447],{"class":79},[61,77404,83],{"class":75},[61,77406,452],{"class":79},[61,77408,83],{"class":75},[61,77410,8025],{"class":79},[61,77412,83],{"class":75},[61,77414,51067],{"class":79},[61,77416,83],{"class":75},[61,77418,5309],{"class":79},[61,77420,98],{"class":75},[61,77422,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77424,127],{"class":126},[61,77426,113],{"class":75},[61,77428,117],{"class":116},[61,77430,4129],{"class":75},[61,77432,80],{"class":79},[61,77434,378],{"class":75},[61,77436,498],{"class":79},[61,77438,1474],{"class":75},[14,77440,77441],{},"This returns:",[52,77443,77445],{"className":54,"code":77444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77446,77447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77448,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459,77461],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77450,4129],{"class":75},[61,77452,15974],{"class":79},[61,77454,83],{"class":75},[61,77456,8025],{"class":79},[61,77458,83],{"class":75},[61,77460,51067],{"class":79},[61,77462,98],{"class":75},[14,77464,41128,77465,77467,77468,77470,77471,26],{},[23,77466,704],{}," include ",[18,77469,77010],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77472,498],{},[819,77474,77476],{"id":77475},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77478,16864],{},[52,77480,77482],{"className":54,"code":77481,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77483,77484,77504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77485,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77487,68],{"class":67},[61,77489,72],{"class":71},[61,77491,76],{"class":75},[61,77493,447],{"class":79},[61,77495,83],{"class":75},[61,77497,452],{"class":79},[61,77499,83],{"class":75},[61,77501,8025],{"class":79},[61,77503,98],{"class":75},[61,77505,77506],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77507,77508],{"class":3896},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77510,77511],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[52,77513,77515],{"className":54,"code":77514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77516,77517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77518,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77520,127],{"class":126},[61,77522,113],{"class":75},[61,77524,117],{"class":116},[61,77526,4129],{"class":75},[61,77528,80],{"class":79},[61,77530,378],{"class":75},[61,77532,1321],{"class":79},[61,77534,1474],{"class":75},[819,77536,77538],{"id":77537},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77540,77541],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[52,77543,77545],{"className":54,"code":77544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77546,77547,77571,77585,77589,77599],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77548,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77550,68],{"class":67},[61,77552,72],{"class":71},[61,77554,76],{"class":75},[61,77556,447],{"class":79},[61,77558,83],{"class":75},[61,77560,452],{"class":79},[61,77562,83],{"class":75},[61,77564,8025],{"class":79},[61,77566,83],{"class":75},[61,77568,51067],{"class":79},[61,77570,98],{"class":75},[61,77572,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77574,75876],{"class":67},[61,77576,72],{"class":71},[61,77578,4490],{"class":67},[61,77580,75752],{"class":75},[61,77582,2310],{"class":79},[61,77584,98],{"class":75},[61,77586,77587],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77588,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77590,77591,77593,77595,77597],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,77592,127],{"class":126},[61,77594,113],{"class":75},[61,77596,75899],{"class":116},[61,77598,120],{"class":75},[61,77600,77601,77603,77605,77607],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,77602,127],{"class":126},[61,77604,113],{"class":75},[61,77606,117],{"class":116},[61,77608,120],{"class":75},[14,77610,139],{},[52,77612,77614],{"className":54,"code":77613,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77615,77616,77628],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77617,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77619,4129],{"class":75},[61,77621,447],{"class":79},[61,77623,83],{"class":75},[61,77625,452],{"class":79},[61,77627,98],{"class":75},[61,77629,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77631,4129],{"class":75},[61,77633,447],{"class":79},[61,77635,83],{"class":75},[61,77637,452],{"class":79},[61,77639,83],{"class":75},[61,77641,8025],{"class":79},[61,77643,83],{"class":75},[61,77645,51067],{"class":79},[61,77647,98],{"class":75},[14,77649,77650],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[819,77652,77654,77655,1877,77657],{"id":77653},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77656,76277],{},[18,77658,73743],{},[52,77660,77662],{"className":54,"code":77661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77663,77664,77684,77688,77705,77716],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77665,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77667,68],{"class":67},[61,77669,72],{"class":71},[61,77671,76],{"class":75},[61,77673,447],{"class":79},[61,77675,83],{"class":75},[61,77677,452],{"class":79},[61,77679,83],{"class":75},[61,77681,8025],{"class":79},[61,77683,98],{"class":75},[61,77685,77686],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77687,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,77689,77690,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77691,77692],{"class":67},"reversed_copy ",[61,77694,72],{"class":71},[61,77696,4490],{"class":67},[61,77698,74339],{"class":75},[61,77700,2275],{"class":71},[61,77702,80],{"class":79},[61,77704,98],{"class":75},[61,77706,77707,77709,77711,77714],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,77708,127],{"class":126},[61,77710,113],{"class":75},[61,77712,77713],{"class":116},"reversed_copy",[61,77715,120],{"class":75},[61,77717,77718,77720,77722,77724],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,77719,127],{"class":126},[61,77721,113],{"class":75},[61,77723,117],{"class":116},[61,77725,120],{"class":75},[14,77727,139],{},[52,77729,77731],{"className":54,"code":77730,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77732,77733,77749],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77734,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77736,4129],{"class":75},[61,77738,37063],{"class":79},[61,77740,83],{"class":75},[61,77742,452],{"class":79},[61,77744,83],{"class":75},[61,77746,457],{"class":79},[61,77748,98],{"class":75},[61,77750,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77752,4129],{"class":75},[61,77754,447],{"class":79},[61,77756,83],{"class":75},[61,77758,452],{"class":79},[61,77760,83],{"class":75},[61,77762,8025],{"class":79},[61,77764,98],{"class":75},[14,77766,77767,77770],{},[18,77768,77769],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77772,77773,77774,77777],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77775,77776],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[819,77779,77781],{"id":77780},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77783,77784],{},"This is not allowed:",[52,77786,77788],{"className":54,"code":77787,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77789,77790,77810],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77793,68],{"class":67},[61,77795,72],{"class":71},[61,77797,76],{"class":75},[61,77799,447],{"class":79},[61,77801,83],{"class":75},[61,77803,452],{"class":79},[61,77805,83],{"class":75},[61,77807,8025],{"class":79},[61,77809,98],{"class":75},[61,77811,77812],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77813,77814],{"class":3896},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77816,77817,77818,26],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77819,40926],{},[47,77821,77823],{"id":77822},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77825,77826],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[34,77828,77829,77836,77842,77845,77848],{},[37,77830,1874,77831,4621,77833,77835],{},[18,77832,36294],{},[18,77834,75643],{}," positions",[37,77837,77838,77839,77841],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77840,75643],{}," index is included",[37,77843,77844],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[37,77846,77847],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[37,77849,77850],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77852,77853],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[52,77855,77857],{"className":54,"code":77856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77858,77859,77869,77883,77901,77915,77932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,77860,77861,77863,77865,77867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,77862,127],{"class":126},[61,77864,113],{"class":75},[61,77866,8569],{"class":116},[61,77868,120],{"class":75},[61,77870,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,77872,127],{"class":126},[61,77874,113],{"class":75},[61,77876,1948],{"class":126},[61,77878,113],{"class":75},[61,77880,8569],{"class":116},[61,77882,480],{"class":75},[61,77884,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,77886,127],{"class":126},[61,77888,113],{"class":75},[61,77890,8569],{"class":116},[61,77892,4129],{"class":75},[61,77894,80],{"class":79},[61,77896,378],{"class":75},[61,77898,498],{"class":79},[61,77900,1474],{"class":75},[61,77902,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,77904,127],{"class":126},[61,77906,113],{"class":75},[61,77908,8569],{"class":116},[61,77910,75752],{"class":75},[61,77912,1321],{"class":79},[61,77914,1474],{"class":75},[61,77916,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,77918,127],{"class":126},[61,77920,113],{"class":75},[61,77922,8569],{"class":116},[61,77924,4129],{"class":75},[61,77926,2275],{"class":71},[61,77928,1321],{"class":79},[61,77930,77931],{"class":75},":])\n",[61,77933,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,77935,127],{"class":126},[61,77937,113],{"class":75},[61,77939,8569],{"class":116},[61,77941,74339],{"class":75},[61,77943,2275],{"class":71},[61,77945,80],{"class":79},[61,77947,1474],{"class":75},[14,77949,1750,77950,77952,77953,77957],{},[18,77951,42584],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[334,77954,77956],{"href":77955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[47,77959,1987],{"id":1986},[819,77961,77963],{"id":77962},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77965,77966],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[819,77968,77970],{"id":77969},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77972,77973],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[819,77975,5371,77977,40182],{"id":77976},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77978,76277],{},[14,77980,77981],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[819,77983,77985,77986,2735],{"id":77984},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77987,70948],{},[14,77989,77990],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[47,77992,2144],{"id":2143},[34,77994,77995,78000,78005,78009,78013,78017],{},[37,77996,77997],{},[334,77998,77999],{"href":51203},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[37,78001,78002],{},[334,78003,78004],{"href":57378},"How to create a list in Python",[37,78006,78007],{},[334,78008,15186],{"href":57444},[37,78010,78011],{},[334,78012,75024],{"href":75023},[37,78014,78015],{},[334,78016,77956],{"href":77955},[37,78018,78019],{},[334,78020,69476],{"href":69475},[14,78022,78023,78024,78026],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,78025,42584],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2169,78028,78029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":78031},[78032,78033,78034,78035,78036,78037,78040,78044,78052,78053,78061],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":75807,"depth":101,"text":75808},{"id":75970,"depth":101,"text":75971},{"id":76232,"depth":101,"text":76233},{"id":76525,"depth":101,"text":76526},{"id":76771,"depth":101,"text":76772,"children":78038},[78039],{"id":77029,"depth":123,"text":77030},{"id":77082,"depth":101,"text":77083,"children":78041},[78042,78043],{"id":77089,"depth":123,"text":77090},{"id":77150,"depth":123,"text":77151},{"id":77357,"depth":101,"text":15398,"children":78045},[78046,78047,78048,78049,78051],{"id":77386,"depth":123,"text":77387},{"id":77475,"depth":123,"text":77476},{"id":77537,"depth":123,"text":77538},{"id":77653,"depth":123,"text":78050},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77780,"depth":123,"text":77781},{"id":77822,"depth":101,"text":77823},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":78054},[78055,78056,78057,78059],{"id":77962,"depth":123,"text":77963},{"id":77969,"depth":123,"text":77970},{"id":77976,"depth":123,"text":78058},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77984,"depth":123,"text":78060},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75630,"description":78062},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78069,"title":78070,"body":78071,"description":80140,"extension":2216,"meta":80141,"navigation":271,"path":80142,"seo":80143,"stem":80144,"__hash__":80145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78072,"toc":80106},[78073,78078,78084,78090,78092,78139,78146,78151,78155,78170,78173,78226,78228,78253,78258,78260,78292,78295,78311,78313,78374,78376,78401,78405,78410,78463,78465,78490,78495,78556,78558,78583,78586,78593,78597,78600,78661,78663,78696,78699,78760,78762,78795,78801,78874,78876,78908,78915,78920,78925,78927,78939,78942,79020,79022,79063,79066,79140,79142,79175,79180,79187,79194,79198,79207,79211,79219,79221,79288,79290,79326,79331,79342,79344,79349,79354,79356,79419,79421,79446,79453,79458,79462,79465,79505,79510,79516,79521,79523,79550,79555,79558,79605,79607,79664,79671,79676,79682,79751,79755,79758,79821,79823,79856,79861,79863,79866,79947,79949,79973,79979,79981,79986,79990,79997,80005,80009,80011,80034,80038,80040,80067,80070,80077,80080,80082,80103],[10,78074,54566,78076,11542],{"id":78075},"python-list-sort-method",[18,78077,64530],{},[14,78079,78080,78083],{},[18,78081,78082],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,78085,78086,78087,78089],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,78088,64530],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[47,78091,50],{"id":49},[52,78093,78095],{"className":54,"code":78094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78096,78097,78117,78127],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78098,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78100,68],{"class":67},[61,78102,72],{"class":71},[61,78104,76],{"class":75},[61,78106,1321],{"class":79},[61,78108,83],{"class":75},[61,78110,587],{"class":79},[61,78112,83],{"class":75},[61,78114,86],{"class":79},[61,78116,98],{"class":75},[61,78118,78119,78121,78123,78125],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78120,117],{"class":67},[61,78122,26],{"class":75},[61,78124,35020],{"class":116},[61,78126,628],{"class":75},[61,78128,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78130,127],{"class":126},[61,78132,113],{"class":75},[61,78134,117],{"class":116},[61,78136,3893],{"class":75},[61,78138,55156],{"class":3896},[14,78140,165,78141,78143,78144,26],{},[18,78142,78082],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,78145,4012],{},[47,78147,3911,78149,3914],{"id":78148},"what-listsort-does",[18,78150,78082],{},[14,78152,78153,378],{},[18,78154,78082],{},[34,78156,78157,78160,78163,78167],{},[37,78158,78159],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[37,78161,78162],{},"Changes the original list",[37,78164,11644,78165],{},[18,78166,4012],{},[37,78168,78169],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78171,78172],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[52,78174,78176],{"className":54,"code":78175,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78177,78178,78202,78212,78216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78181,68],{"class":67},[61,78183,72],{"class":71},[61,78185,76],{"class":75},[61,78187,945],{"class":79},[61,78189,83],{"class":75},[61,78191,86],{"class":79},[61,78193,83],{"class":75},[61,78195,54360],{"class":79},[61,78197,83],{"class":75},[61,78199,587],{"class":79},[61,78201,98],{"class":75},[61,78203,78204,78206,78208,78210],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78205,117],{"class":67},[61,78207,26],{"class":75},[61,78209,35020],{"class":116},[61,78211,628],{"class":75},[61,78213,78214],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78215,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78217,78218,78220,78222,78224],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78219,127],{"class":126},[61,78221,113],{"class":75},[61,78223,117],{"class":116},[61,78225,120],{"class":75},[14,78227,139],{},[52,78229,78231],{"className":54,"code":78230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,78232,78233],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78234,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78236,4129],{"class":75},[61,78238,80],{"class":79},[61,78240,83],{"class":75},[61,78242,86],{"class":79},[61,78244,83],{"class":75},[61,78246,950],{"class":79},[61,78248,83],{"class":75},[61,78250,54360],{"class":79},[61,78252,98],{"class":75},[14,78254,78255,78256,26],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[334,78257,67294],{"href":51203},[47,78259,341],{"id":340},[52,78261,78263],{"className":54,"code":78262,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,78264,78265],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78266,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78286,78288,78290],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78268,8569],{"class":67},[61,78270,26],{"class":75},[61,78272,35020],{"class":116},[61,78274,113],{"class":75},[61,78276,15062],{"class":9400},[61,78278,72],{"class":71},[61,78280,4012],{"class":1523},[61,78282,83],{"class":75},[61,78284,78285],{"class":9400}," reverse",[61,78287,72],{"class":71},[61,78289,3907],{"class":1523},[61,78291,120],{"class":75},[14,78293,78294],{},"Main arguments:",[34,78296,78297,78302,78308],{},[37,78298,78299,78301],{},[18,78300,15062],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[37,78303,78304,78307],{},[18,78305,78306],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[37,78309,78310],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78312,197],{},[52,78314,78316],{"className":54,"code":78315,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78317,78318,78342,78360,78364],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78319,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78321,68],{"class":67},[61,78323,72],{"class":71},[61,78325,76],{"class":75},[61,78327,498],{"class":79},[61,78329,83],{"class":75},[61,78331,587],{"class":79},[61,78333,83],{"class":75},[61,78335,6222],{"class":79},[61,78337,83],{"class":75},[61,78339,86],{"class":79},[61,78341,98],{"class":75},[61,78343,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78345,117],{"class":67},[61,78347,26],{"class":75},[61,78349,35020],{"class":116},[61,78351,113],{"class":75},[61,78353,73794],{"class":9400},[61,78355,72],{"class":71},[61,78357,3837],{"class":1523},[61,78359,120],{"class":75},[61,78361,78362],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78363,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78365,78366,78368,78370,78372],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78367,127],{"class":126},[61,78369,113],{"class":75},[61,78371,117],{"class":116},[61,78373,120],{"class":75},[14,78375,139],{},[52,78377,78379],{"className":54,"code":78378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78380,78381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78382,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78384,4129],{"class":75},[61,78386,2278],{"class":79},[61,78388,83],{"class":75},[61,78390,1178],{"class":79},[61,78392,83],{"class":75},[61,78394,86],{"class":79},[61,78396,83],{"class":75},[61,78398,587],{"class":79},[61,78400,98],{"class":75},[47,78402,78404],{"id":78403},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78406,165,78407,78409],{},[18,78408,64530],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[52,78411,78413],{"className":54,"code":78412,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78414,78415,78439,78449,78453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78416,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78418,68],{"class":67},[61,78420,72],{"class":71},[61,78422,76],{"class":75},[61,78424,447],{"class":79},[61,78426,83],{"class":75},[61,78428,95],{"class":79},[61,78430,83],{"class":75},[61,78432,6587],{"class":79},[61,78434,83],{"class":75},[61,78436,587],{"class":79},[61,78438,98],{"class":75},[61,78440,78441,78443,78445,78447],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78442,117],{"class":67},[61,78444,26],{"class":75},[61,78446,35020],{"class":116},[61,78448,628],{"class":75},[61,78450,78451],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78452,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78454,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78456,127],{"class":126},[61,78458,113],{"class":75},[61,78460,117],{"class":116},[61,78462,120],{"class":75},[14,78464,139],{},[52,78466,78468],{"className":54,"code":78467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78469,78470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78473,4129],{"class":75},[61,78475,80],{"class":79},[61,78477,83],{"class":75},[61,78479,95],{"class":79},[61,78481,83],{"class":75},[61,78483,6587],{"class":79},[61,78485,83],{"class":75},[61,78487,457],{"class":79},[61,78489,98],{"class":75},[14,78491,165,78492,78494],{},[18,78493,78306],{}," for descending order:",[52,78496,78498],{"className":54,"code":78497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78499,78500,78524,78542,78546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78501,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78503,68],{"class":67},[61,78505,72],{"class":71},[61,78507,76],{"class":75},[61,78509,447],{"class":79},[61,78511,83],{"class":75},[61,78513,95],{"class":79},[61,78515,83],{"class":75},[61,78517,6587],{"class":79},[61,78519,83],{"class":75},[61,78521,587],{"class":79},[61,78523,98],{"class":75},[61,78525,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78527,117],{"class":67},[61,78529,26],{"class":75},[61,78531,35020],{"class":116},[61,78533,113],{"class":75},[61,78535,73794],{"class":9400},[61,78537,72],{"class":71},[61,78539,3837],{"class":1523},[61,78541,120],{"class":75},[61,78543,78544],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78545,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78547,78548,78550,78552,78554],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78549,127],{"class":126},[61,78551,113],{"class":75},[61,78553,117],{"class":116},[61,78555,120],{"class":75},[14,78557,139],{},[52,78559,78561],{"className":54,"code":78560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78562,78563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78564,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78566,4129],{"class":75},[61,78568,447],{"class":79},[61,78570,83],{"class":75},[61,78572,6587],{"class":79},[61,78574,83],{"class":75},[61,78576,95],{"class":79},[61,78578,83],{"class":75},[61,78580,587],{"class":79},[61,78582,98],{"class":75},[14,78584,78585],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78587,78588,78589,26],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[334,78590,78592],{"href":78591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[47,78594,78596],{"id":78595},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78598,78599],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[52,78601,78603],{"className":54,"code":78602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78604,78605,78637,78647,78651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78608,4298],{"class":67},[61,78610,72],{"class":71},[61,78612,76],{"class":75},[61,78614,215],{"class":214},[61,78616,1040],{"class":218},[61,78618,215],{"class":214},[61,78620,83],{"class":75},[61,78622,226],{"class":214},[61,78624,2042],{"class":218},[61,78626,215],{"class":214},[61,78628,83],{"class":75},[61,78630,226],{"class":214},[61,78632,4323],{"class":218},[61,78634,215],{"class":214},[61,78636,98],{"class":75},[61,78638,78639,78641,78643,78645],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78640,4340],{"class":67},[61,78642,26],{"class":75},[61,78644,35020],{"class":116},[61,78646,628],{"class":75},[61,78648,78649],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78650,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78652,78653,78655,78657,78659],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78654,127],{"class":126},[61,78656,113],{"class":75},[61,78658,4340],{"class":116},[61,78660,120],{"class":75},[14,78662,139],{},[52,78664,78666],{"className":54,"code":78665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78667,78668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78669,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78671,4129],{"class":75},[61,78673,299],{"class":214},[61,78675,2042],{"class":218},[61,78677,299],{"class":214},[61,78679,83],{"class":75},[61,78681,308],{"class":214},[61,78683,1040],{"class":218},[61,78685,299],{"class":214},[61,78687,83],{"class":75},[61,78689,308],{"class":214},[61,78691,4323],{"class":218},[61,78693,299],{"class":214},[61,78695,98],{"class":75},[14,78697,78698],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[52,78700,78702],{"className":54,"code":78701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78703,78704,78736,78746,78750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78705,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78707,4298],{"class":67},[61,78709,72],{"class":71},[61,78711,76],{"class":75},[61,78713,215],{"class":214},[61,78715,1040],{"class":218},[61,78717,215],{"class":214},[61,78719,83],{"class":75},[61,78721,226],{"class":214},[61,78723,57993],{"class":218},[61,78725,215],{"class":214},[61,78727,83],{"class":75},[61,78729,226],{"class":214},[61,78731,4323],{"class":218},[61,78733,215],{"class":214},[61,78735,98],{"class":75},[61,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78739,4340],{"class":67},[61,78741,26],{"class":75},[61,78743,35020],{"class":116},[61,78745,628],{"class":75},[61,78747,78748],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78749,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78751,78752,78754,78756,78758],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78753,127],{"class":126},[61,78755,113],{"class":75},[61,78757,4340],{"class":116},[61,78759,120],{"class":75},[14,78761,139],{},[52,78763,78765],{"className":54,"code":78764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78766,78767],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78768,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78770,4129],{"class":75},[61,78772,299],{"class":214},[61,78774,57993],{"class":218},[61,78776,299],{"class":214},[61,78778,83],{"class":75},[61,78780,308],{"class":214},[61,78782,1040],{"class":218},[61,78784,299],{"class":214},[61,78786,83],{"class":75},[61,78788,308],{"class":214},[61,78790,4323],{"class":218},[61,78792,299],{"class":214},[61,78794,98],{"class":75},[14,78796,78797,78798,378],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78799,78800],{},"key=str.lower",[52,78802,78804],{"className":54,"code":78803,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78805,78806,78838,78860,78864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78807,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78809,4298],{"class":67},[61,78811,72],{"class":71},[61,78813,76],{"class":75},[61,78815,215],{"class":214},[61,78817,1040],{"class":218},[61,78819,215],{"class":214},[61,78821,83],{"class":75},[61,78823,226],{"class":214},[61,78825,57993],{"class":218},[61,78827,215],{"class":214},[61,78829,83],{"class":75},[61,78831,226],{"class":214},[61,78833,4323],{"class":218},[61,78835,215],{"class":214},[61,78837,98],{"class":75},[61,78839,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78841,4340],{"class":67},[61,78843,26],{"class":75},[61,78845,35020],{"class":116},[61,78847,113],{"class":75},[61,78849,15062],{"class":9400},[61,78851,72],{"class":71},[61,78853,1208],{"class":109},[61,78855,26],{"class":75},[61,78857,8870],{"class":24971},[61,78859,120],{"class":75},[61,78861,78862],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,78863,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,78865,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,78867,127],{"class":126},[61,78869,113],{"class":75},[61,78871,4340],{"class":116},[61,78873,120],{"class":75},[14,78875,139],{},[52,78877,78878],{"className":54,"code":78764,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,78879,78880],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78881,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78883,4129],{"class":75},[61,78885,299],{"class":214},[61,78887,57993],{"class":218},[61,78889,299],{"class":214},[61,78891,83],{"class":75},[61,78893,308],{"class":214},[61,78895,1040],{"class":218},[61,78897,299],{"class":214},[61,78899,83],{"class":75},[61,78901,308],{"class":214},[61,78903,4323],{"class":218},[61,78905,299],{"class":214},[61,78907,98],{"class":75},[14,78909,78910,78911,78914],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78912,78913],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[47,78916,36834,78918,36837],{"id":78917},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78919,15062],{},[14,78921,2233,78922,78924],{},[18,78923,15062],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78926,7573],{},[34,78928,78929,78934],{},[37,78930,78931,78933],{},[18,78932,1948],{}," to sort by length",[37,78935,78936,78938],{},[18,78937,78913],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78940,78941],{},"Sort words by length:",[52,78943,78945],{"className":54,"code":78944,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78946,78947,78988,79006,79010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,78948,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,78950,4298],{"class":67},[61,78952,72],{"class":71},[61,78954,76],{"class":75},[61,78956,215],{"class":214},[61,78958,78959],{"class":218},"pear",[61,78961,215],{"class":214},[61,78963,83],{"class":75},[61,78965,226],{"class":214},[61,78967,1040],{"class":218},[61,78969,215],{"class":214},[61,78971,83],{"class":75},[61,78973,226],{"class":214},[61,78975,38579],{"class":218},[61,78977,215],{"class":214},[61,78979,83],{"class":75},[61,78981,226],{"class":214},[61,78983,2042],{"class":218},[61,78985,215],{"class":214},[61,78987,98],{"class":75},[61,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,78991,4340],{"class":67},[61,78993,26],{"class":75},[61,78995,35020],{"class":116},[61,78997,113],{"class":75},[61,78999,15062],{"class":9400},[61,79001,72],{"class":71},[61,79003,1948],{"class":126},[61,79005,120],{"class":75},[61,79007,79008],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79009,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79011,79012,79014,79016,79018],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79013,127],{"class":126},[61,79015,113],{"class":75},[61,79017,4340],{"class":116},[61,79019,120],{"class":75},[14,79021,139],{},[52,79023,79025],{"className":54,"code":79024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,79026,79027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79028,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79030,4129],{"class":75},[61,79032,299],{"class":214},[61,79034,38579],{"class":218},[61,79036,299],{"class":214},[61,79038,83],{"class":75},[61,79040,308],{"class":214},[61,79042,78959],{"class":218},[61,79044,299],{"class":214},[61,79046,83],{"class":75},[61,79048,308],{"class":214},[61,79050,2042],{"class":218},[61,79052,299],{"class":214},[61,79054,83],{"class":75},[61,79056,308],{"class":214},[61,79058,1040],{"class":218},[61,79060,299],{"class":214},[61,79062,98],{"class":75},[14,79064,79065],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[52,79067,79069],{"className":54,"code":79068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79070,79071,79104,79126,79130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79100,79102],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79074,4298],{"class":67},[61,79076,72],{"class":71},[61,79078,76],{"class":75},[61,79080,215],{"class":214},[61,79082,5241],{"class":218},[61,79084,215],{"class":214},[61,79086,83],{"class":75},[61,79088,226],{"class":214},[61,79090,18023],{"class":218},[61,79092,215],{"class":214},[61,79094,83],{"class":75},[61,79096,226],{"class":214},[61,79098,79099],{"class":218},"Carol",[61,79101,215],{"class":214},[61,79103,98],{"class":75},[61,79105,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79107,4340],{"class":67},[61,79109,26],{"class":75},[61,79111,35020],{"class":116},[61,79113,113],{"class":75},[61,79115,15062],{"class":9400},[61,79117,72],{"class":71},[61,79119,1208],{"class":109},[61,79121,26],{"class":75},[61,79123,8870],{"class":24971},[61,79125,120],{"class":75},[61,79127,79128],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79129,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79131,79132,79134,79136,79138],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79133,127],{"class":126},[61,79135,113],{"class":75},[61,79137,4340],{"class":116},[61,79139,120],{"class":75},[14,79141,139],{},[52,79143,79145],{"className":54,"code":79144,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,79146,79147],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79148,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79150,4129],{"class":75},[61,79152,299],{"class":214},[61,79154,18023],{"class":218},[61,79156,299],{"class":214},[61,79158,83],{"class":75},[61,79160,308],{"class":214},[61,79162,5241],{"class":218},[61,79164,299],{"class":214},[61,79166,83],{"class":75},[61,79168,308],{"class":214},[61,79170,79099],{"class":218},[61,79172,299],{"class":214},[61,79174,98],{"class":75},[14,79176,2233,79177,79179],{},[18,79178,15062],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[47,79181,79183,10806,79185],{"id":79182},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,79184,78082],{},[18,79186,74641],{},[14,79188,79189,4621,79191,79193],{},[18,79190,78082],{},[18,79192,74641],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79195,79196,378],{},[18,79197,78082],{},[34,79199,79200,79203],{},[37,79201,79202],{},"Changes the existing list",[37,79204,11644,79205],{},[18,79206,4012],{},[14,79208,79209,378],{},[18,79210,74641],{},[34,79212,79213,79216],{},[37,79214,79215],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[37,79217,79218],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79220,197],{},[52,79222,79224],{"className":54,"code":79223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,79225,79226,79246,79250,79264,79268,79278],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79227,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79229,68],{"class":67},[61,79231,72],{"class":71},[61,79233,76],{"class":75},[61,79235,1321],{"class":79},[61,79237,83],{"class":75},[61,79239,587],{"class":79},[61,79241,83],{"class":75},[61,79243,86],{"class":79},[61,79245,98],{"class":75},[61,79247,79248],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79249,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79253,56114],{"class":67},[61,79255,72],{"class":71},[61,79257,74775],{"class":126},[61,79259,113],{"class":75},[61,79261,117],{"class":116},[61,79263,120],{"class":75},[61,79265,79266],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79267,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79269,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,79271,127],{"class":126},[61,79273,113],{"class":75},[61,79275,117],{"class":116},[61,79277,120],{"class":75},[61,79279,79280,79282,79284,79286],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,79281,127],{"class":126},[61,79283,113],{"class":75},[61,79285,74498],{"class":116},[61,79287,120],{"class":75},[14,79289,139],{},[52,79291,79292],{"className":54,"code":74810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,79293,79294,79310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79295,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79297,4129],{"class":75},[61,79299,1321],{"class":79},[61,79301,83],{"class":75},[61,79303,587],{"class":79},[61,79305,83],{"class":75},[61,79307,86],{"class":79},[61,79309,98],{"class":75},[61,79311,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79313,4129],{"class":75},[61,79315,80],{"class":79},[61,79317,83],{"class":75},[61,79319,86],{"class":79},[61,79321,83],{"class":75},[61,79323,95],{"class":79},[61,79325,98],{"class":75},[14,79327,165,79328,79330],{},[18,79329,74641],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79332,79333,79334,4621,79338,26],{},"You can learn more in ",[334,79335,3808,79336,6011],{"href":74738},[18,79337,74641],{},[334,79339,79341],{"href":79340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[47,79343,1741],{"id":1740},[14,79345,79346,79347,26],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79348,78082],{},[819,79350,12817,79352],{"id":79351},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79353,64530],{},[14,79355,25911],{},[52,79357,79359],{"className":54,"code":79358,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79360,79361,79381,79395,79399,79409],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79362,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79364,68],{"class":67},[61,79366,72],{"class":71},[61,79368,76],{"class":75},[61,79370,1321],{"class":79},[61,79372,83],{"class":75},[61,79374,587],{"class":79},[61,79376,83],{"class":75},[61,79378,86],{"class":79},[61,79380,98],{"class":75},[61,79382,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79384,869],{"class":67},[61,79386,72],{"class":71},[61,79388,4490],{"class":67},[61,79390,26],{"class":75},[61,79392,35020],{"class":116},[61,79394,628],{"class":75},[61,79396,79397],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79398,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79400,79401,79403,79405,79407],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79402,127],{"class":126},[61,79404,113],{"class":75},[61,79406,892],{"class":116},[61,79408,120],{"class":75},[61,79410,79411,79413,79415,79417],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,79412,127],{"class":126},[61,79414,113],{"class":75},[61,79416,117],{"class":116},[61,79418,120],{"class":75},[14,79420,139],{},[52,79422,79424],{"className":54,"code":79423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79425,79426,79430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79427,79428],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79429,12030],{"class":1523},[61,79431,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79433,4129],{"class":75},[61,79435,80],{"class":79},[61,79437,83],{"class":75},[61,79439,86],{"class":79},[61,79441,83],{"class":75},[61,79443,95],{"class":79},[61,79445,98],{"class":75},[14,79447,79448,79450,79451,26],{},[18,79449,64530],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79452,4012],{},[14,79454,79455,79456,6860],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79457,74641],{},[819,79459,79461],{"id":79460},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79463,79464],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[52,79466,79468],{"className":54,"code":79467,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79469,79470,79495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79487,79489,79491,79493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79473,1230],{"class":67},[61,79475,72],{"class":71},[61,79477,76],{"class":75},[61,79479,80],{"class":79},[61,79481,83],{"class":75},[61,79483,226],{"class":214},[61,79485,79486],{"class":218},"two",[61,79488,215],{"class":214},[61,79490,83],{"class":75},[61,79492,95],{"class":79},[61,79494,98],{"class":75},[61,79496,79497,79499,79501,79503],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79498,1267],{"class":67},[61,79500,26],{"class":75},[61,79502,35020],{"class":116},[61,79504,628],{"class":75},[14,79506,1815,79507,79509],{},[18,79508,1334],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[819,79511,4932,79513,79515],{"id":79512},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79514,64530],{}," only works on lists",[14,79517,79518,79520],{},[18,79519,64530],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79522,16864],{},[52,79524,79526],{"className":54,"code":79525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79527,79528,79540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79529,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79531,1033],{"class":67},[61,79533,72],{"class":71},[61,79535,226],{"class":214},[61,79537,56],{"class":218},[61,79539,1043],{"class":214},[61,79541,79542,79544,79546,79548],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79543,1056],{"class":67},[61,79545,26],{"class":75},[61,79547,35020],{"class":116},[61,79549,628],{"class":75},[14,79551,79552,79553,33822],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79554,64530],{},[14,79556,79557],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[52,79559,79561],{"className":54,"code":79560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79562,79563,79581,79591,79595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79564,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79566,36312],{"class":67},[61,79568,72],{"class":71},[61,79570,22780],{"class":109},[61,79572,113],{"class":75},[61,79574,215],{"class":214},[61,79576,56],{"class":218},[61,79578,215],{"class":214},[61,79580,120],{"class":75},[61,79582,79583,79585,79587,79589],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79584,36365],{"class":67},[61,79586,26],{"class":75},[61,79588,35020],{"class":116},[61,79590,628],{"class":75},[61,79592,79593],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79594,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79596,79597,79599,79601,79603],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79598,127],{"class":126},[61,79600,113],{"class":75},[61,79602,36365],{"class":116},[61,79604,120],{"class":75},[14,79606,139],{},[52,79608,79610],{"className":54,"code":79609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79611,79612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79613,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79615,4129],{"class":75},[61,79617,299],{"class":214},[61,79619,544],{"class":218},[61,79621,299],{"class":214},[61,79623,83],{"class":75},[61,79625,308],{"class":214},[61,79627,1104],{"class":218},[61,79629,299],{"class":214},[61,79631,83],{"class":75},[61,79633,308],{"class":214},[61,79635,571],{"class":218},[61,79637,299],{"class":214},[61,79639,83],{"class":75},[61,79641,308],{"class":214},[61,79643,14],{"class":218},[61,79645,299],{"class":214},[61,79647,83],{"class":75},[61,79649,308],{"class":214},[61,79651,63505],{"class":218},[61,79653,299],{"class":214},[61,79655,83],{"class":75},[61,79657,308],{"class":214},[61,79659,11967],{"class":218},[61,79661,299],{"class":214},[61,79663,98],{"class":75},[819,79665,79667,79668,79670],{"id":79666},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79669,15062],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79672,79673,79674,26],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79675,15062],{},[14,79677,79678,79679,79681],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79680,64530],{}," will not do that:",[52,79683,79685],{"className":54,"code":79684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79686,79687,79719,79737,79741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79688,79689,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79690,4298],{"class":67},[61,79692,72],{"class":71},[61,79694,76],{"class":75},[61,79696,215],{"class":214},[61,79698,1040],{"class":218},[61,79700,215],{"class":214},[61,79702,83],{"class":75},[61,79704,226],{"class":214},[61,79706,38579],{"class":218},[61,79708,215],{"class":214},[61,79710,83],{"class":75},[61,79712,226],{"class":214},[61,79714,2042],{"class":218},[61,79716,215],{"class":214},[61,79718,98],{"class":75},[61,79720,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79722,4340],{"class":67},[61,79724,26],{"class":75},[61,79726,35020],{"class":116},[61,79728,113],{"class":75},[61,79730,15062],{"class":9400},[61,79732,72],{"class":71},[61,79734,1948],{"class":126},[61,79736,120],{"class":75},[61,79738,79739],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79740,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79742,79743,79745,79747,79749],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79744,127],{"class":126},[61,79746,113],{"class":75},[61,79748,4340],{"class":116},[61,79750,120],{"class":75},[819,79752,79754],{"id":79753},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79756,79757],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[52,79759,79761],{"className":54,"code":79760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79762,79763,79797,79807,79811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79776,79778,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788,79790,79793,79795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79766,4298],{"class":67},[61,79768,72],{"class":71},[61,79770,76],{"class":75},[61,79772,215],{"class":214},[61,79774,79775],{"class":218},"zebra",[61,79777,215],{"class":214},[61,79779,83],{"class":75},[61,79781,226],{"class":214},[61,79783,57993],{"class":218},[61,79785,215],{"class":214},[61,79787,83],{"class":75},[61,79789,226],{"class":214},[61,79791,79792],{"class":218},"monkey",[61,79794,215],{"class":214},[61,79796,98],{"class":75},[61,79798,79799,79801,79803,79805],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79800,4340],{"class":67},[61,79802,26],{"class":75},[61,79804,35020],{"class":116},[61,79806,628],{"class":75},[61,79808,79809],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79810,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,79812,79813,79815,79817,79819],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79814,127],{"class":126},[61,79816,113],{"class":75},[61,79818,4340],{"class":116},[61,79820,120],{"class":75},[14,79822,139],{},[52,79824,79826],{"className":54,"code":79825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79827,79828],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79829,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79831,4129],{"class":75},[61,79833,299],{"class":214},[61,79835,57993],{"class":218},[61,79837,299],{"class":214},[61,79839,83],{"class":75},[61,79841,308],{"class":214},[61,79843,79792],{"class":218},[61,79845,299],{"class":214},[61,79847,83],{"class":75},[61,79849,308],{"class":214},[61,79851,79775],{"class":218},[61,79853,299],{"class":214},[61,79855,98],{"class":75},[14,79857,165,79858,79860],{},[18,79859,78800],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[819,79862,1891],{"id":1890},[14,79864,79865],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,79867,79869],{"className":54,"code":79868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79870,79871,79881,79895,79909,79923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,79872,79873,79875,79877,79879],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,79874,127],{"class":126},[61,79876,113],{"class":75},[61,79878,8569],{"class":116},[61,79880,120],{"class":75},[61,79882,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,79884,127],{"class":126},[61,79886,113],{"class":75},[61,79888,648],{"class":109},[61,79890,113],{"class":75},[61,79892,8569],{"class":116},[61,79894,480],{"class":75},[61,79896,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,79898,127],{"class":126},[61,79900,113],{"class":75},[61,79902,8569],{"class":116},[61,79904,26],{"class":75},[61,79906,35020],{"class":116},[61,79908,7424],{"class":75},[61,79910,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,79912,127],{"class":126},[61,79914,113],{"class":75},[61,79916,74731],{"class":126},[61,79918,113],{"class":75},[61,79920,8569],{"class":116},[61,79922,480],{"class":75},[61,79924,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,79926,127],{"class":126},[61,79928,416],{"class":75},[61,79930,648],{"class":109},[61,79932,113],{"class":75},[61,79934,23531],{"class":116},[61,79936,3893],{"class":75},[61,79938,4107],{"class":1490},[61,79940,6189],{"class":116},[61,79942,1433],{"class":1490},[61,79944,8626],{"class":116},[61,79946,1474],{"class":75},[14,79948,11390],{},[34,79950,79951,79954,79957,79964,79970],{},[37,79952,79953],{},"What values are in the list",[37,79955,79956],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[37,79958,79959,79960,2642,79962],{},"That ",[18,79961,64530],{},[18,79963,4012],{},[37,79965,79966,79967,79969],{},"Whether ",[18,79968,74641],{}," works better for your case",[37,79971,79972],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79974,79975,79976,79978],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79977,1334],{}," problems.",[47,79980,1987],{"id":1986},[819,79982,12927,79984,55693],{"id":79983},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79985,78082],{},[14,79987,62821,79988,26],{},[18,79989,4012],{},[819,79991,5408,79993,4621,79995,2735],{"id":79992},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79994,64530],{},[18,79996,74641],{},[14,79998,79999,80001,80002,80004],{},[18,80000,64530],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,80003,74641],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[819,80006,80008],{"id":80007},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,80010,18914],{},[52,80012,80014],{"className":54,"code":80013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,80015,80016],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80017,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80019,8569],{"class":67},[61,80021,26],{"class":75},[61,80023,35020],{"class":116},[61,80025,113],{"class":75},[61,80027,73794],{"class":9400},[61,80029,72],{"class":71},[61,80031,3837],{"class":1523},[61,80033,120],{"class":75},[819,80035,80037],{"id":80036},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,80039,18914],{},[52,80041,80043],{"className":54,"code":80042,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,80044,80045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80046,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80048,8569],{"class":67},[61,80050,26],{"class":75},[61,80052,35020],{"class":116},[61,80054,113],{"class":75},[61,80056,15062],{"class":9400},[61,80058,72],{"class":71},[61,80060,1208],{"class":109},[61,80062,26],{"class":75},[61,80064,8870],{"class":24971},[61,80066,120],{"class":75},[14,80068,80069],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[819,80071,80073,80074,80076],{"id":80072},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,80075,1334],{}," when sorting?",[14,80078,80079],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[47,80081,2144],{"id":2143},[34,80083,80084,80089,80095,80099],{},[37,80085,80086],{},[334,80087,80088],{"href":78591},"How to sort a list in Python",[37,80090,80091],{},[334,80092,3808,80093,6011],{"href":74738},[18,80094,74641],{},[37,80096,80097],{},[334,80098,67294],{"href":51203},[37,80100,80101],{},[334,80102,79341],{"href":79340},[2169,80104,80105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":80107},[80108,80109,80111,80112,80113,80114,80116,80118,80129,80139],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":78148,"depth":101,"text":80110},"What list.sort() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":78403,"depth":101,"text":78404},{"id":78595,"depth":101,"text":78596},{"id":78917,"depth":101,"text":80115},"Using the key argument",{"id":79182,"depth":101,"text":80117},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":80119},[80120,80122,80123,80125,80127,80128],{"id":79351,"depth":123,"text":80121},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79460,"depth":123,"text":79461},{"id":79512,"depth":123,"text":80124},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79666,"depth":123,"text":80126},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79753,"depth":123,"text":79754},{"id":1890,"depth":123,"text":1891},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":80130},[80131,80133,80135,80136,80137],{"id":79983,"depth":123,"text":80132},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79992,"depth":123,"text":80134},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80007,"depth":123,"text":80008},{"id":80036,"depth":123,"text":80037},{"id":80072,"depth":123,"text":80138},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78070,"description":80140},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80147,"title":80148,"body":80149,"description":82780,"extension":2216,"meta":82781,"navigation":271,"path":82782,"seo":82783,"stem":82784,"__hash__":82785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80150,"toc":82739},[80151,80156,80161,80164,80175,80178,80198,80200,80262,80264,80305,80314,80319,80324,80330,80341,80343,80362,80365,80370,80375,80377,80382,80396,80398,80416,80419,80436,80439,80445,80468,80473,80475,80478,80539,80541,80574,80576,80615,80623,80633,80639,80644,80737,80739,80763,80765,80783,80786,80817,80823,80828,80831,80833,80958,80960,80984,80986,81005,81011,81017,81136,81138,81155,81162,81168,81173,81180,81186,81188,81245,81248,81269,81272,81275,81336,81338,81371,81375,81445,81447,81464,81468,81471,81546,81548,81585,81588,81591,81662,81664,81725,81730,81735,81738,81752,81754,81827,81829,81849,81852,81855,81912,81974,81977,82009,82012,82027,82032,82034,82040,82043,82099,82102,82104,82123,82127,82129,82173,82182,82184,82244,82248,82251,82253,82346,82348,82463,82467,82469,82543,82546,82549,82551,82556,82621,82623,82647,82657,82659,82665,82674,82683,82692,82698,82701,82705,82708,82710,82736],[10,80152,3808,80154,3812],{"id":80153},"python-map-function-explained",[18,80155,39938],{},[14,80157,3815,80158,80160],{},[18,80159,39938],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80162,80163],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[34,80165,80166,80169,80172],{},[37,80167,80168],{},"converting numbers to strings",[37,80170,80171],{},"changing strings to integers",[37,80173,80174],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80176,80177],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[34,80179,80180,80187,80193],{},[37,80181,80182,14274,80184,80186],{},[18,80183,39938],{},[23,80185,704],{}," return a list in Python 3",[37,80188,80189,80190],{},"it returns a ",[23,80191,80192],{},"map object",[37,80194,80195,80196],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,80197,1880],{},[47,80199,50],{"id":49},[52,80201,80203],{"className":54,"code":80202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80204,80205,80229,80248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80206,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80208,68],{"class":67},[61,80210,72],{"class":71},[61,80212,76],{"class":75},[61,80214,80],{"class":79},[61,80216,83],{"class":75},[61,80218,86],{"class":79},[61,80220,83],{"class":75},[61,80222,95],{"class":79},[61,80224,83],{"class":75},[61,80226,1178],{"class":79},[61,80228,98],{"class":75},[61,80230,80231,80233,80235,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,80232,869],{"class":67},[61,80234,72],{"class":71},[61,80236,80237],{"class":126}," map",[61,80239,113],{"class":75},[61,80241,1208],{"class":109},[61,80243,83],{"class":75},[61,80245,4490],{"class":116},[61,80247,120],{"class":75},[61,80249,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,80251,127],{"class":126},[61,80253,113],{"class":75},[61,80255,383],{"class":109},[61,80257,113],{"class":75},[61,80259,892],{"class":116},[61,80261,480],{"class":75},[14,80263,139],{},[52,80265,80267],{"className":54,"code":80266,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80268,80269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80272,4129],{"class":75},[61,80274,299],{"class":214},[61,80276,80],{"class":218},[61,80278,299],{"class":214},[61,80280,83],{"class":75},[61,80282,308],{"class":214},[61,80284,2310],{"class":218},[61,80286,299],{"class":214},[61,80288,83],{"class":75},[61,80290,308],{"class":214},[61,80292,1321],{"class":218},[61,80294,299],{"class":214},[61,80296,83],{"class":75},[61,80298,308],{"class":214},[61,80300,498],{"class":218},[61,80302,299],{"class":214},[61,80304,98],{"class":75},[14,80306,165,80307,80310,80311,80313],{},[18,80308,80309],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80312,1880],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[47,80315,3911,80317,3914],{"id":80316},"what-map-does",[18,80318,39938],{},[14,80320,80321,80323],{},[18,80322,39938],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80325,80326,80327,80329],{},"An ",[23,80328,359],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[34,80331,80332,80334,80336,80338],{},[37,80333,38123],{},[37,80335,38126],{},[37,80337,38129],{},[37,80339,80340],{},"a range object",[14,80342,30945],{},[52,80344,80346],{"className":54,"code":80345,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80347,80348],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80349,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80351,40081],{"class":126},[61,80353,113],{"class":75},[61,80355,38082],{"class":116},[61,80357,83],{"class":75},[61,80359,38087],{"class":116},[61,80361,120],{"class":75},[14,80363,80364],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80366,80367,80368,33963],{},"Important: the result is a ",[23,80369,80192],{},[14,80371,80372,80373,26],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[334,80374,5365],{"href":5364},[47,80376,341],{"id":340},[14,80378,80379,80381],{},[18,80380,39938],{}," needs at least two parts:",[34,80383,80384,80390],{},[37,80385,80386,80389],{},[23,80387,80388],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[37,80391,80392,80395],{},[23,80393,80394],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80397,3940],{},[52,80399,80400],{"className":54,"code":80345,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,80401,80402],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80403,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80405,40081],{"class":126},[61,80407,113],{"class":75},[61,80409,38082],{"class":116},[61,80411,83],{"class":75},[61,80413,38087],{"class":116},[61,80415,120],{"class":75},[14,80417,80418],{},"You can pass:",[34,80420,80421,80430,80433],{},[37,80422,80423,80424,2437,80426,2440,80428],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80425,1208],{},[18,80427,1203],{},[18,80429,2270],{},[37,80431,80432],{},"your own custom function",[37,80434,80435],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80437,80438],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80440,80441,80442,80444],{},"You will often see ",[18,80443,39938],{}," used like this:",[52,80446,80448],{"className":54,"code":80447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80449,80450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80451,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80453,383],{"class":109},[61,80455,113],{"class":75},[61,80457,40081],{"class":126},[61,80459,113],{"class":75},[61,80461,38082],{"class":116},[61,80463,83],{"class":75},[61,80465,4115],{"class":116},[61,80467,480],{"class":75},[14,80469,6906,80470,80472],{},[18,80471,1880],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[47,80474,11696],{"id":11695},[14,80476,80477],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[52,80479,80481],{"className":54,"code":80480,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80482,80483,80503,80521,80525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80484,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80486,68],{"class":67},[61,80488,72],{"class":71},[61,80490,76],{"class":75},[61,80492,447],{"class":79},[61,80494,83],{"class":75},[61,80496,452],{"class":79},[61,80498,83],{"class":75},[61,80500,8025],{"class":79},[61,80502,98],{"class":75},[61,80504,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,80506,869],{"class":67},[61,80508,72],{"class":71},[61,80510,80237],{"class":126},[61,80512,113],{"class":75},[61,80514,1208],{"class":109},[61,80516,83],{"class":75},[61,80518,4490],{"class":116},[61,80520,120],{"class":75},[61,80522,80523],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,80524,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80526,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,80528,127],{"class":126},[61,80530,113],{"class":75},[61,80532,383],{"class":109},[61,80534,113],{"class":75},[61,80536,892],{"class":116},[61,80538,480],{"class":75},[14,80540,139],{},[52,80542,80544],{"className":54,"code":80543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80545,80546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80547,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80549,4129],{"class":75},[61,80551,299],{"class":214},[61,80553,447],{"class":218},[61,80555,299],{"class":214},[61,80557,83],{"class":75},[61,80559,308],{"class":214},[61,80561,15974],{"class":218},[61,80563,299],{"class":214},[61,80565,83],{"class":75},[61,80567,308],{"class":214},[61,80569,37063],{"class":218},[61,80571,299],{"class":214},[61,80573,98],{"class":75},[14,80575,11905],{},[34,80577,80578,80583,80591,80599,80607],{},[37,80579,80580,80582],{},[18,80581,117],{}," contains integers",[37,80584,80585,80588,80589],{},[18,80586,80587],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80590,47907],{},[37,80592,80593,42378,80596],{},[18,80594,80595],{},"str(10)",[18,80597,80598],{},"'10'",[37,80600,80601,42378,80604],{},[18,80602,80603],{},"str(20)",[18,80605,80606],{},"'20'",[37,80608,80609,42378,80612],{},[18,80610,80611],{},"str(30)",[18,80613,80614],{},"'30'",[14,80616,53877,80617,80619,80620,80622],{},[18,80618,39938],{}," applies ",[18,80621,47907],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80624,80625,80626,80628,80629,26],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80627,1880],{}," better, see ",[334,80630,3808,80631,3741],{"href":603},[18,80632,1880],{},[47,80634,1750,80636,80638],{"id":80635},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80637,39938],{}," with your own function",[14,80640,15934,80641,80643],{},[18,80642,39938],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[52,80645,80647],{"className":54,"code":80646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80648,80649,80662,80672,80676,80700,80719,80723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80650,80651,80653,80656,80658,80660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80652,35072],{"class":675},[61,80654,80655],{"class":35075}," double",[61,80657,113],{"class":75},[61,80659,2422],{"class":37884},[61,80661,8572],{"class":75},[61,80663,80664,80666,80668,80670],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,80665,35083],{"class":1490},[61,80667,4110],{"class":67},[61,80669,40094],{"class":71},[61,80671,45813],{"class":79},[61,80673,80674],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,80675,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,80679,68],{"class":67},[61,80681,72],{"class":71},[61,80683,76],{"class":75},[61,80685,80],{"class":79},[61,80687,83],{"class":75},[61,80689,86],{"class":79},[61,80691,83],{"class":75},[61,80693,95],{"class":79},[61,80695,83],{"class":75},[61,80697,1178],{"class":79},[61,80699,98],{"class":75},[61,80701,80702,80704,80706,80708,80710,80713,80715,80717],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,80703,869],{"class":67},[61,80705,72],{"class":71},[61,80707,80237],{"class":126},[61,80709,113],{"class":75},[61,80711,80712],{"class":116},"double",[61,80714,83],{"class":75},[61,80716,4490],{"class":116},[61,80718,120],{"class":75},[61,80720,80721],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,80722,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80724,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,80726,127],{"class":126},[61,80728,113],{"class":75},[61,80730,383],{"class":109},[61,80732,113],{"class":75},[61,80734,892],{"class":116},[61,80736,480],{"class":75},[14,80738,139],{},[52,80740,80741],{"className":54,"code":40107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,80742,80743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80744,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80746,4129],{"class":75},[61,80748,2310],{"class":79},[61,80750,83],{"class":75},[61,80752,1178],{"class":79},[61,80754,83],{"class":75},[61,80756,37865],{"class":79},[61,80758,83],{"class":75},[61,80760,6587],{"class":79},[61,80762,98],{"class":75},[14,80764,65801],{},[34,80766,80767,80774,80780],{},[37,80768,80769,80771,80772],{},[18,80770,39938],{}," takes the function ",[18,80773,80712],{},[37,80775,80776,80777,80779],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80778,117],{}," into that function",[37,80781,80782],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80784,80785],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[34,80787,80788,80795,80802,80810],{},[37,80789,80790,6300,80793],{},[18,80791,80792],{},"double(1)",[18,80794,2310],{},[37,80796,80797,6300,80800],{},[18,80798,80799],{},"double(2)",[18,80801,498],{},[37,80803,80804,6300,80807],{},[18,80805,80806],{},"double(3)",[18,80808,80809],{},"6",[37,80811,80812,6300,80815],{},[18,80813,80814],{},"double(4)",[18,80816,2590],{},[47,80818,1750,80820,80822],{"id":80819},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80821,39938],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80824,80825,80827],{},[18,80826,39938],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80829,80830],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80832,197],{},[52,80834,80836],{"className":54,"code":80835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80837,80838,80855,80865,80869,80890,80911,80915,80940,80944],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80839,80840,80842,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80841,35072],{"class":675},[61,80843,80844],{"class":35075}," add_numbers",[61,80846,113],{"class":75},[61,80848,334],{"class":37884},[61,80850,83],{"class":75},[61,80852,2801],{"class":37884},[61,80854,8572],{"class":75},[61,80856,80857,80859,80861,80863],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,80858,35083],{"class":1490},[61,80860,44768],{"class":67},[61,80862,2313],{"class":71},[61,80864,36404],{"class":67},[61,80866,80867],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,80868,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80870,80871,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,80872,80873],{"class":67},"list1 ",[61,80875,72],{"class":71},[61,80877,76],{"class":75},[61,80879,80],{"class":79},[61,80881,83],{"class":75},[61,80883,86],{"class":79},[61,80885,83],{"class":75},[61,80887,95],{"class":79},[61,80889,98],{"class":75},[61,80891,80892,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,80893,80894],{"class":67},"list2 ",[61,80896,72],{"class":71},[61,80898,76],{"class":75},[61,80900,447],{"class":79},[61,80902,83],{"class":75},[61,80904,452],{"class":79},[61,80906,83],{"class":75},[61,80908,8025],{"class":79},[61,80910,98],{"class":75},[61,80912,80913],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,80914,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80916,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80928,80930,80933,80935,80938],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,80918,869],{"class":67},[61,80920,72],{"class":71},[61,80922,80237],{"class":126},[61,80924,113],{"class":75},[61,80926,80927],{"class":116},"add_numbers",[61,80929,83],{"class":75},[61,80931,80932],{"class":116}," list1",[61,80934,83],{"class":75},[61,80936,80937],{"class":116}," list2",[61,80939,120],{"class":75},[61,80941,80942],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,80943,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,80947,127],{"class":126},[61,80949,113],{"class":75},[61,80951,383],{"class":109},[61,80953,113],{"class":75},[61,80955,892],{"class":116},[61,80957,480],{"class":75},[14,80959,139],{},[52,80961,80963],{"className":54,"code":80962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80964,80965],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,80966,80967,80969,80972,80974,80977,80979,80982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,80968,4129],{"class":75},[61,80970,80971],{"class":79},"11",[61,80973,83],{"class":75},[61,80975,80976],{"class":79}," 22",[61,80978,83],{"class":75},[61,80980,80981],{"class":79}," 33",[61,80983,98],{"class":75},[14,80985,2427],{},[34,80987,80988,80994,81000],{},[37,80989,80990,80991],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80992,80993],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[37,80995,80996,80997],{},"then ",[18,80998,80999],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[37,81001,80996,81002],{},[18,81003,81004],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[819,81006,81008,81010],{"id":81007},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,81009,39938],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,81012,81013,81014,81016],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,81015,39938],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[52,81018,81020],{"className":54,"code":81019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81021,81022,81038,81048,81052,81076,81092,81096,81118,81122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81023,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81025,35072],{"class":675},[61,81027,80844],{"class":35075},[61,81029,113],{"class":75},[61,81031,334],{"class":37884},[61,81033,83],{"class":75},[61,81035,2801],{"class":37884},[61,81037,8572],{"class":75},[61,81039,81040,81042,81044,81046],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81041,35083],{"class":1490},[61,81043,44768],{"class":67},[61,81045,2313],{"class":71},[61,81047,36404],{"class":67},[61,81049,81050],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81051,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81053,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81055,80873],{"class":67},[61,81057,72],{"class":71},[61,81059,76],{"class":75},[61,81061,80],{"class":79},[61,81063,83],{"class":75},[61,81065,86],{"class":79},[61,81067,83],{"class":75},[61,81069,95],{"class":79},[61,81071,83],{"class":75},[61,81073,1178],{"class":79},[61,81075,98],{"class":75},[61,81077,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,81079,80894],{"class":67},[61,81081,72],{"class":71},[61,81083,76],{"class":75},[61,81085,447],{"class":79},[61,81087,83],{"class":75},[61,81089,452],{"class":79},[61,81091,98],{"class":75},[61,81093,81094],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,81095,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81097,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,81099,869],{"class":67},[61,81101,72],{"class":71},[61,81103,80237],{"class":126},[61,81105,113],{"class":75},[61,81107,80927],{"class":116},[61,81109,83],{"class":75},[61,81111,80932],{"class":116},[61,81113,83],{"class":75},[61,81115,80937],{"class":116},[61,81117,120],{"class":75},[61,81119,81120],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,81121,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81123,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,81125,127],{"class":126},[61,81127,113],{"class":75},[61,81129,383],{"class":109},[61,81131,113],{"class":75},[61,81133,892],{"class":116},[61,81135,480],{"class":75},[14,81137,139],{},[52,81139,81141],{"className":54,"code":81140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[11, 22]\n",[18,81142,81143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81144,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81146,4129],{"class":75},[61,81148,80971],{"class":79},[61,81150,83],{"class":75},[61,81152,80976],{"class":79},[61,81154,98],{"class":75},[14,81156,81157,81158,81161],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,81159,81160],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[47,81163,81165,81167],{"id":81164},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,81166,39938],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81169,38244,81170,81172],{},[18,81171,39938],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81174,81175,81176,81179],{},"This object is ",[23,81177,81178],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[819,81181,2731,81183,81185],{"id":81182},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,81184,33248],{}," looks strange",[14,81187,33864],{},[52,81189,81191],{"className":54,"code":81190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,81192,81193,81213,81231,81235],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81194,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81196,68],{"class":67},[61,81198,72],{"class":71},[61,81200,76],{"class":75},[61,81202,80],{"class":79},[61,81204,83],{"class":75},[61,81206,86],{"class":79},[61,81208,83],{"class":75},[61,81210,95],{"class":79},[61,81212,98],{"class":75},[61,81214,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81216,869],{"class":67},[61,81218,72],{"class":71},[61,81220,80237],{"class":126},[61,81222,113],{"class":75},[61,81224,1208],{"class":109},[61,81226,83],{"class":75},[61,81228,4490],{"class":116},[61,81230,120],{"class":75},[61,81232,81233],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81234,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81238,127],{"class":126},[61,81240,113],{"class":75},[61,81242,892],{"class":116},[61,81244,120],{"class":75},[14,81246,81247],{},"Output will look something like this:",[52,81249,81251],{"className":54,"code":81250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,81252,81253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81254,81255,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81256,672],{"class":71},[61,81258,40081],{"class":126},[61,81260,24838],{"class":109},[61,81262,37585],{"class":67},[61,81264,37589],{"class":37588},[61,81266,37592],{"class":34675},[61,81268,685],{"class":71},[14,81270,81271],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81273,81274],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[52,81276,81278],{"className":54,"code":81277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81279,81280,81300,81318,81322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81283,68],{"class":67},[61,81285,72],{"class":71},[61,81287,76],{"class":75},[61,81289,80],{"class":79},[61,81291,83],{"class":75},[61,81293,86],{"class":79},[61,81295,83],{"class":75},[61,81297,95],{"class":79},[61,81299,98],{"class":75},[61,81301,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81303,869],{"class":67},[61,81305,72],{"class":71},[61,81307,80237],{"class":126},[61,81309,113],{"class":75},[61,81311,1208],{"class":109},[61,81313,83],{"class":75},[61,81315,4490],{"class":116},[61,81317,120],{"class":75},[61,81319,81320],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81321,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81323,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81325,127],{"class":126},[61,81327,113],{"class":75},[61,81329,383],{"class":109},[61,81331,113],{"class":75},[61,81333,892],{"class":116},[61,81335,480],{"class":75},[14,81337,139],{},[52,81339,81341],{"className":54,"code":81340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81342,81343],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81344,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81346,4129],{"class":75},[61,81348,299],{"class":214},[61,81350,80],{"class":218},[61,81352,299],{"class":214},[61,81354,83],{"class":75},[61,81356,308],{"class":214},[61,81358,2310],{"class":218},[61,81360,299],{"class":214},[61,81362,83],{"class":75},[61,81364,308],{"class":214},[61,81366,1321],{"class":218},[61,81368,299],{"class":214},[61,81370,98],{"class":75},[819,81372,81374],{"id":81373},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[52,81376,81378],{"className":54,"code":81377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81379,81380,81400,81418,81422,81435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81381,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81383,68],{"class":67},[61,81385,72],{"class":71},[61,81387,76],{"class":75},[61,81389,80],{"class":79},[61,81391,83],{"class":75},[61,81393,86],{"class":79},[61,81395,83],{"class":75},[61,81397,95],{"class":79},[61,81399,98],{"class":75},[61,81401,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81403,869],{"class":67},[61,81405,72],{"class":71},[61,81407,80237],{"class":126},[61,81409,113],{"class":75},[61,81411,1208],{"class":109},[61,81413,83],{"class":75},[61,81415,4490],{"class":116},[61,81417,120],{"class":75},[61,81419,81420],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81421,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81423,81424,81426,81428,81430,81433],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81425,6186],{"class":1490},[61,81427,6189],{"class":67},[61,81429,1433],{"class":1490},[61,81431,81432],{"class":67}," result",[61,81434,6621],{"class":75},[61,81436,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,81438,8299],{"class":126},[61,81440,113],{"class":75},[61,81442,23531],{"class":116},[61,81444,120],{"class":75},[14,81446,139],{},[52,81448,81450],{"className":54,"code":81449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81451,81452,81456,81460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81453,81454],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81455,47140],{"class":79},[61,81457,81458],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81459,17277],{"class":79},[61,81461,81462],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81463,46840],{"class":79},[819,81465,81467],{"id":81466},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81469,81470],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[52,81472,81474],{"className":54,"code":81473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81475,81476,81496,81514,81518,81532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81479,68],{"class":67},[61,81481,72],{"class":71},[61,81483,76],{"class":75},[61,81485,80],{"class":79},[61,81487,83],{"class":75},[61,81489,86],{"class":79},[61,81491,83],{"class":75},[61,81493,95],{"class":79},[61,81495,98],{"class":75},[61,81497,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81499,869],{"class":67},[61,81501,72],{"class":71},[61,81503,80237],{"class":126},[61,81505,113],{"class":75},[61,81507,1208],{"class":109},[61,81509,83],{"class":75},[61,81511,4490],{"class":116},[61,81513,120],{"class":75},[61,81515,81516],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81517,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81519,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81521,127],{"class":126},[61,81523,113],{"class":75},[61,81525,383],{"class":109},[61,81527,113],{"class":75},[61,81529,892],{"class":116},[61,81531,480],{"class":75},[61,81533,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,81535,127],{"class":126},[61,81537,113],{"class":75},[61,81539,383],{"class":109},[61,81541,113],{"class":75},[61,81543,892],{"class":116},[61,81545,480],{"class":75},[14,81547,139],{},[52,81549,81551],{"className":54,"code":81550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81552,81553,81581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81556,4129],{"class":75},[61,81558,299],{"class":214},[61,81560,80],{"class":218},[61,81562,299],{"class":214},[61,81564,83],{"class":75},[61,81566,308],{"class":214},[61,81568,2310],{"class":218},[61,81570,299],{"class":214},[61,81572,83],{"class":75},[61,81574,308],{"class":214},[61,81576,1321],{"class":218},[61,81578,299],{"class":214},[61,81580,98],{"class":75},[61,81582,81583],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81584,38518],{"class":75},[14,81586,81587],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81589,81590],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[52,81592,81594],{"className":54,"code":81593,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81595,81596,81616,81638,81642,81652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81597,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81599,68],{"class":67},[61,81601,72],{"class":71},[61,81603,76],{"class":75},[61,81605,80],{"class":79},[61,81607,83],{"class":75},[61,81609,86],{"class":79},[61,81611,83],{"class":75},[61,81613,95],{"class":79},[61,81615,98],{"class":75},[61,81617,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81619,869],{"class":67},[61,81621,72],{"class":71},[61,81623,22780],{"class":109},[61,81625,113],{"class":75},[61,81627,40081],{"class":126},[61,81629,113],{"class":75},[61,81631,1208],{"class":109},[61,81633,83],{"class":75},[61,81635,4490],{"class":116},[61,81637,480],{"class":75},[61,81639,81640],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81641,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81643,81644,81646,81648,81650],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81645,127],{"class":126},[61,81647,113],{"class":75},[61,81649,892],{"class":116},[61,81651,120],{"class":75},[61,81653,81654,81656,81658,81660],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,81655,127],{"class":126},[61,81657,113],{"class":75},[61,81659,892],{"class":116},[61,81661,120],{"class":75},[14,81663,139],{},[52,81665,81667],{"className":54,"code":81666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81668,81669,81697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81670,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81672,4129],{"class":75},[61,81674,299],{"class":214},[61,81676,80],{"class":218},[61,81678,299],{"class":214},[61,81680,83],{"class":75},[61,81682,308],{"class":214},[61,81684,2310],{"class":218},[61,81686,299],{"class":214},[61,81688,83],{"class":75},[61,81690,308],{"class":214},[61,81692,1321],{"class":218},[61,81694,299],{"class":214},[61,81696,98],{"class":75},[61,81698,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81700,4129],{"class":75},[61,81702,299],{"class":214},[61,81704,80],{"class":218},[61,81706,299],{"class":214},[61,81708,83],{"class":75},[61,81710,308],{"class":214},[61,81712,2310],{"class":218},[61,81714,299],{"class":214},[61,81716,83],{"class":75},[61,81718,308],{"class":214},[61,81720,1321],{"class":218},[61,81722,299],{"class":214},[61,81724,98],{"class":75},[47,81726,5189,81728],{"id":81727},"when-to-use-map",[18,81729,39938],{},[14,81731,81732,81734],{},[18,81733,39938],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81736,81737],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[34,81739,81740,81744,81748],{},[37,81741,81742],{},[18,81743,1208],{},[37,81745,81746],{},[18,81747,1203],{},[37,81749,81750],{},[18,81751,2270],{},[14,81753,197],{},[52,81755,81757],{"className":54,"code":81756,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81758,81759,81791,81813,81817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81762,937],{"class":67},[61,81764,72],{"class":71},[61,81766,76],{"class":75},[61,81768,299],{"class":214},[61,81770,80],{"class":218},[61,81772,299],{"class":214},[61,81774,83],{"class":75},[61,81776,308],{"class":214},[61,81778,2310],{"class":218},[61,81780,299],{"class":214},[61,81782,83],{"class":75},[61,81784,308],{"class":214},[61,81786,1321],{"class":218},[61,81788,299],{"class":214},[61,81790,98],{"class":75},[61,81792,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81794,68],{"class":67},[61,81796,72],{"class":71},[61,81798,22780],{"class":109},[61,81800,113],{"class":75},[61,81802,40081],{"class":126},[61,81804,113],{"class":75},[61,81806,1203],{"class":109},[61,81808,83],{"class":75},[61,81810,4115],{"class":116},[61,81812,480],{"class":75},[61,81814,81815],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81816,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,81818,81819,81821,81823,81825],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,81820,127],{"class":126},[61,81822,113],{"class":75},[61,81824,117],{"class":116},[61,81826,120],{"class":75},[14,81828,139],{},[52,81830,81831],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81832,81833],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81834,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81836,4129],{"class":75},[61,81838,80],{"class":79},[61,81840,83],{"class":75},[61,81842,86],{"class":79},[61,81844,83],{"class":75},[61,81846,95],{"class":79},[61,81848,98],{"class":75},[14,81850,81851],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81853,81854],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[52,81856,81858],{"className":54,"code":81857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81859,81860,81880,81902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81863,68],{"class":67},[61,81865,72],{"class":71},[61,81867,76],{"class":75},[61,81869,80],{"class":79},[61,81871,83],{"class":75},[61,81873,86],{"class":79},[61,81875,83],{"class":75},[61,81877,95],{"class":79},[61,81879,98],{"class":75},[61,81881,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81883,869],{"class":67},[61,81885,72],{"class":71},[61,81887,22780],{"class":109},[61,81889,113],{"class":75},[61,81891,40081],{"class":126},[61,81893,113],{"class":75},[61,81895,1208],{"class":109},[61,81897,83],{"class":75},[61,81899,4490],{"class":116},[61,81901,480],{"class":75},[61,81903,81904,81906,81908,81910],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81905,127],{"class":126},[61,81907,113],{"class":75},[61,81909,892],{"class":116},[61,81911,120],{"class":75},[52,81913,81915],{"className":54,"code":81914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81916,81917,81937,81964],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81918,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81920,68],{"class":67},[61,81922,72],{"class":71},[61,81924,76],{"class":75},[61,81926,80],{"class":79},[61,81928,83],{"class":75},[61,81930,86],{"class":79},[61,81932,83],{"class":75},[61,81934,95],{"class":79},[61,81936,98],{"class":75},[61,81938,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81958,81960,81962],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,81940,869],{"class":67},[61,81942,72],{"class":71},[61,81944,76],{"class":75},[61,81946,1208],{"class":109},[61,81948,113],{"class":75},[61,81950,1104],{"class":116},[61,81952,3893],{"class":75},[61,81954,4107],{"class":1490},[61,81956,81957],{"class":67}," n ",[61,81959,1433],{"class":1490},[61,81961,4490],{"class":67},[61,81963,98],{"class":75},[61,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,81967,127],{"class":126},[61,81969,113],{"class":75},[61,81971,892],{"class":116},[61,81973,120],{"class":75},[14,81975,81976],{},"Both produce:",[52,81978,81979],{"className":54,"code":81340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,81980,81981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,81982,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,81984,4129],{"class":75},[61,81986,299],{"class":214},[61,81988,80],{"class":218},[61,81990,299],{"class":214},[61,81992,83],{"class":75},[61,81994,308],{"class":214},[61,81996,2310],{"class":218},[61,81998,299],{"class":214},[61,82000,83],{"class":75},[61,82002,308],{"class":214},[61,82004,1321],{"class":218},[61,82006,299],{"class":214},[61,82008,98],{"class":75},[14,82010,82011],{},"A simple rule:",[34,82013,82014,82019,82024],{},[37,82015,40212,82016,82018],{},[18,82017,39938],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[37,82020,40218,82021,82023],{},[18,82022,6186],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[37,82025,82026],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,82028,82029,82030,26],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[334,82031,4620],{"href":4619},[47,82033,4747],{"id":4746},[819,82035,82037,82038],{"id":82036},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,82039,1880],{},[14,82041,82042],{},"This is very common:",[52,82044,82045],{"className":54,"code":81190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82046,82047,82067,82085,82089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82048,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82050,68],{"class":67},[61,82052,72],{"class":71},[61,82054,76],{"class":75},[61,82056,80],{"class":79},[61,82058,83],{"class":75},[61,82060,86],{"class":79},[61,82062,83],{"class":75},[61,82064,95],{"class":79},[61,82066,98],{"class":75},[61,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82070,869],{"class":67},[61,82072,72],{"class":71},[61,82074,80237],{"class":126},[61,82076,113],{"class":75},[61,82078,1208],{"class":109},[61,82080,83],{"class":75},[61,82082,4490],{"class":116},[61,82084,120],{"class":75},[61,82086,82087],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82088,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82090,82091,82093,82095,82097],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82092,127],{"class":126},[61,82094,113],{"class":75},[61,82096,892],{"class":116},[61,82098,120],{"class":75},[14,82100,82101],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,82103,39483],{},[52,82105,82107],{"className":54,"code":82106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(result))\n",[18,82108,82109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82110,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82112,127],{"class":126},[61,82114,113],{"class":75},[61,82116,383],{"class":109},[61,82118,113],{"class":75},[61,82120,892],{"class":116},[61,82122,480],{"class":75},[819,82124,82126],{"id":82125},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82128,16864],{},[52,82130,82132],{"className":54,"code":82131,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,82133,82134,82154],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82135,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82137,68],{"class":67},[61,82139,72],{"class":71},[61,82141,76],{"class":75},[61,82143,80],{"class":79},[61,82145,83],{"class":75},[61,82147,86],{"class":79},[61,82149,83],{"class":75},[61,82151,95],{"class":79},[61,82153,98],{"class":75},[61,82155,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82169,82171],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82157,869],{"class":67},[61,82159,72],{"class":71},[61,82161,80237],{"class":126},[61,82163,113],{"class":75},[61,82165,1208],{"class":109},[61,82167,82168],{"class":75},"(),",[61,82170,4490],{"class":116},[61,82172,120],{"class":75},[14,82174,82175,82176,82178,82179,82181],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,82177,47907],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,82180,39938],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82183,16876],{},[52,82185,82186],{"className":54,"code":81277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82187,82188,82208,82226,82230],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82189,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82191,68],{"class":67},[61,82193,72],{"class":71},[61,82195,76],{"class":75},[61,82197,80],{"class":79},[61,82199,83],{"class":75},[61,82201,86],{"class":79},[61,82203,83],{"class":75},[61,82205,95],{"class":79},[61,82207,98],{"class":75},[61,82209,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82211,869],{"class":67},[61,82213,72],{"class":71},[61,82215,80237],{"class":126},[61,82217,113],{"class":75},[61,82219,1208],{"class":109},[61,82221,83],{"class":75},[61,82223,4490],{"class":116},[61,82225,120],{"class":75},[61,82227,82228],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82229,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82231,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82233,127],{"class":126},[61,82235,113],{"class":75},[61,82237,383],{"class":109},[61,82239,113],{"class":75},[61,82241,892],{"class":116},[61,82243,480],{"class":75},[819,82245,82247],{"id":82246},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82249,82250],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82252,16864],{},[52,82254,82256],{"className":54,"code":82255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82257,82258,82275,82285,82289,82309,82328,82332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82259,82260,82262,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82261,35072],{"class":675},[61,82263,82264],{"class":35075}," add",[61,82266,113],{"class":75},[61,82268,334],{"class":37884},[61,82270,83],{"class":75},[61,82272,2801],{"class":37884},[61,82274,8572],{"class":75},[61,82276,82277,82279,82281,82283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82278,35083],{"class":1490},[61,82280,44768],{"class":67},[61,82282,2313],{"class":71},[61,82284,36404],{"class":67},[61,82286,82287],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82288,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82290,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82292,68],{"class":67},[61,82294,72],{"class":71},[61,82296,76],{"class":75},[61,82298,80],{"class":79},[61,82300,83],{"class":75},[61,82302,86],{"class":79},[61,82304,83],{"class":75},[61,82306,95],{"class":79},[61,82308,98],{"class":75},[61,82310,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82322,82324,82326],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,82312,869],{"class":67},[61,82314,72],{"class":71},[61,82316,80237],{"class":126},[61,82318,113],{"class":75},[61,82320,82321],{"class":116},"add",[61,82323,83],{"class":75},[61,82325,4490],{"class":116},[61,82327,120],{"class":75},[61,82329,82330],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,82331,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82333,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,82335,127],{"class":126},[61,82337,113],{"class":75},[61,82339,383],{"class":109},[61,82341,113],{"class":75},[61,82343,892],{"class":116},[61,82345,480],{"class":75},[14,82347,16876],{},[52,82349,82351],{"className":54,"code":82350,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82352,82353,82369,82379,82383,82403,82423,82445,82449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82354,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82356,35072],{"class":675},[61,82358,82264],{"class":35075},[61,82360,113],{"class":75},[61,82362,334],{"class":37884},[61,82364,83],{"class":75},[61,82366,2801],{"class":37884},[61,82368,8572],{"class":75},[61,82370,82371,82373,82375,82377],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82372,35083],{"class":1490},[61,82374,44768],{"class":67},[61,82376,2313],{"class":71},[61,82378,36404],{"class":67},[61,82380,82381],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82382,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82384,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82386,80873],{"class":67},[61,82388,72],{"class":71},[61,82390,76],{"class":75},[61,82392,80],{"class":79},[61,82394,83],{"class":75},[61,82396,86],{"class":79},[61,82398,83],{"class":75},[61,82400,95],{"class":79},[61,82402,98],{"class":75},[61,82404,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,82406,80894],{"class":67},[61,82408,72],{"class":71},[61,82410,76],{"class":75},[61,82412,447],{"class":79},[61,82414,83],{"class":75},[61,82416,452],{"class":79},[61,82418,83],{"class":75},[61,82420,8025],{"class":79},[61,82422,98],{"class":75},[61,82424,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,82426,869],{"class":67},[61,82428,72],{"class":71},[61,82430,80237],{"class":126},[61,82432,113],{"class":75},[61,82434,82321],{"class":116},[61,82436,83],{"class":75},[61,82438,80932],{"class":116},[61,82440,83],{"class":75},[61,82442,80937],{"class":116},[61,82444,120],{"class":75},[61,82446,82447],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,82448,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82450,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,82452,127],{"class":126},[61,82454,113],{"class":75},[61,82456,383],{"class":109},[61,82458,113],{"class":75},[61,82460,892],{"class":116},[61,82462,480],{"class":75},[819,82464,82466],{"id":82465},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82468,16864],{},[52,82470,82471],{"className":54,"code":81473,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,82472,82473,82493,82511,82515,82529],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82474,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82476,68],{"class":67},[61,82478,72],{"class":71},[61,82480,76],{"class":75},[61,82482,80],{"class":79},[61,82484,83],{"class":75},[61,82486,86],{"class":79},[61,82488,83],{"class":75},[61,82490,95],{"class":79},[61,82492,98],{"class":75},[61,82494,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82496,869],{"class":67},[61,82498,72],{"class":71},[61,82500,80237],{"class":126},[61,82502,113],{"class":75},[61,82504,1208],{"class":109},[61,82506,83],{"class":75},[61,82508,4490],{"class":116},[61,82510,120],{"class":75},[61,82512,82513],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82514,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82516,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82518,127],{"class":126},[61,82520,113],{"class":75},[61,82522,383],{"class":109},[61,82524,113],{"class":75},[61,82526,892],{"class":116},[61,82528,480],{"class":75},[61,82530,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,82532,127],{"class":126},[61,82534,113],{"class":75},[61,82536,383],{"class":109},[61,82538,113],{"class":75},[61,82540,892],{"class":116},[61,82542,480],{"class":75},[14,82544,82545],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82547,82548],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[47,82550,68112],{"id":68111},[14,82552,9101,82553,82555],{},[18,82554,39938],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,82557,82559],{"className":54,"code":82558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82560,82561,82571,82585,82599,82611],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82562,82563,82565,82567,82569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82564,127],{"class":126},[61,82566,113],{"class":75},[61,82568,892],{"class":116},[61,82570,120],{"class":75},[61,82572,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82574,127],{"class":126},[61,82576,113],{"class":75},[61,82578,383],{"class":109},[61,82580,113],{"class":75},[61,82582,892],{"class":116},[61,82584,480],{"class":75},[61,82586,82587,82589,82591,82593,82595,82597],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82588,127],{"class":126},[61,82590,113],{"class":75},[61,82592,648],{"class":109},[61,82594,113],{"class":75},[61,82596,892],{"class":116},[61,82598,480],{"class":75},[61,82600,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82602,6186],{"class":1490},[61,82604,6189],{"class":67},[61,82606,1433],{"class":1490},[61,82608,81432],{"class":67},[61,82610,6621],{"class":75},[61,82612,82613,82615,82617,82619],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,82614,8299],{"class":126},[61,82616,113],{"class":75},[61,82618,23531],{"class":116},[61,82620,120],{"class":75},[14,82622,12895],{},[34,82624,82625,82630,82635,82641],{},[37,82626,82627,82629],{},[18,82628,33248],{}," shows that you have a map object",[37,82631,82632,82634],{},[18,82633,33256],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[37,82636,82637,82640],{},[18,82638,82639],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[37,82642,82643,82644,82646],{},"looping over ",[18,82645,892],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82648,82649,82650,82653,82654,82656],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82651,82652],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82655,6186],{}," loop consume the map object.",[47,82658,1987],{"id":1986},[819,82660,12927,82662,82664],{"id":82661},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82663,39938],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82666,82667,82668,82670,82671,24159],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82669,39938],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82672,82673],{},"list(map(...))",[819,82675,15124,82677,82679,82680,82682],{"id":82676},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82678,39938],{}," better than a ",[18,82681,6186],{}," loop?",[14,82684,82685,82686,82688,82689,82691],{},"Not always. ",[18,82687,39938],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82690,6186],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[819,82693,5398,82695,82697],{"id":82694},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82696,39938],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82699,82700],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[819,82702,82704],{"id":82703},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82706,82707],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[47,82709,2144],{"id":2143},[34,82711,82712,82718,82724,82728,82732],{},[37,82713,82714],{},[334,82715,3808,82716,3741],{"href":40307},[18,82717,37797],{},[37,82719,82720],{},[334,82721,3808,82722,3741],{"href":603},[18,82723,1880],{},[37,82725,82726],{},[334,82727,5450],{"href":5360},[37,82729,82730],{},[334,82731,5455],{"href":4619},[37,82733,82734],{},[334,82735,5445],{"href":5364},[2169,82737,82738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":82740},[82741,82742,82744,82745,82746,82748,82753,82760,82762,82769,82770,82779],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":80316,"depth":101,"text":82743},"What map() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":80635,"depth":101,"text":82747},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80819,"depth":101,"text":82749,"children":82750},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82751],{"id":81007,"depth":123,"text":82752},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81164,"depth":101,"text":82754,"children":82755},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82756,82758,82759],{"id":81182,"depth":123,"text":82757},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81373,"depth":123,"text":81374},{"id":81466,"depth":123,"text":81467},{"id":81727,"depth":101,"text":82761},"When to use map()",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":82763},[82764,82766,82767,82768],{"id":82036,"depth":123,"text":82765},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82125,"depth":123,"text":82126},{"id":82246,"depth":123,"text":82247},{"id":82465,"depth":123,"text":82466},{"id":68111,"depth":101,"text":68112},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":82771},[82772,82774,82776,82778],{"id":82661,"depth":123,"text":82773},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82676,"depth":123,"text":82775},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82694,"depth":123,"text":82777},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82703,"depth":123,"text":82704},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80148,"description":82780},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82787,"title":82788,"body":82789,"description":84809,"extension":2216,"meta":84810,"navigation":271,"path":84811,"seo":84812,"stem":84813,"__hash__":84814},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82790,"toc":84767},[82791,82797,82802,82805,82813,82816,82818,82942,82944,82962,82964,82984,82989,82993,83007,83010,83013,83015,83020,83132,83135,83153,83159,83162,83224,83226,83235,83238,83252,83254,83302,83304,83313,83323,83329,83332,83359,83361,83369,83372,83375,83445,83447,83455,83458,83463,83468,83519,83521,83529,83532,83534,83551,83553,83605,83608,83614,83618,83623,83626,83630,83689,83691,83700,83706,83715,83719,83782,83784,83792,83797,83801,83806,83886,83888,83897,83904,83909,83914,83917,83952,83954,83962,83965,83971,83973,84023,84025,84034,84037,84055,84057,84062,84068,84075,84102,84104,84127,84132,84167,84172,84178,84183,84226,84229,84232,84271,84278,84284,84289,84304,84308,84315,84318,84322,84327,84331,84336,84338,84399,84401,84430,84435,84442,84451,84453,84456,84481,84483,84586,84589,84607,84616,84618,84623,84626,84632,84635,84637,84647,84653,84657,84715,84722,84730,84732,84764],[10,82792,3808,82794,3812],{"id":82793},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82795,82796],{},"max()",[14,82798,16,82799,82801],{},[18,82800,82796],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82803,82804],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[34,82806,82807,82810],{},[37,82808,82809],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[37,82811,82812],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82814,82815],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[47,82817,50],{"id":49},[52,82819,82821],{"className":54,"code":82820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82822,82823,82847,82862,82866,82892,82896,82928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82824,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82826,68],{"class":67},[61,82828,72],{"class":71},[61,82830,76],{"class":75},[61,82832,1321],{"class":79},[61,82834,83],{"class":75},[61,82836,6587],{"class":79},[61,82838,83],{"class":75},[61,82840,86],{"class":79},[61,82842,83],{"class":75},[61,82844,950],{"class":79},[61,82846,98],{"class":75},[61,82848,82849,82851,82853,82856,82858,82860],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82850,127],{"class":126},[61,82852,113],{"class":75},[61,82854,82855],{"class":126},"max",[61,82857,113],{"class":75},[61,82859,117],{"class":116},[61,82861,480],{"class":75},[61,82863,82864],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82865,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82867,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,82869,127],{"class":126},[61,82871,113],{"class":75},[61,82873,82855],{"class":126},[61,82875,113],{"class":75},[61,82877,1321],{"class":79},[61,82879,83],{"class":75},[61,82881,6587],{"class":79},[61,82883,83],{"class":75},[61,82885,86],{"class":79},[61,82887,83],{"class":75},[61,82889,950],{"class":79},[61,82891,480],{"class":75},[61,82893,82894],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,82895,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,82897,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,82899,4298],{"class":67},[61,82901,72],{"class":71},[61,82903,76],{"class":75},[61,82905,215],{"class":214},[61,82907,2042],{"class":218},[61,82909,215],{"class":214},[61,82911,83],{"class":75},[61,82913,226],{"class":214},[61,82915,1040],{"class":218},[61,82917,215],{"class":214},[61,82919,83],{"class":75},[61,82921,226],{"class":214},[61,82923,78959],{"class":218},[61,82925,215],{"class":214},[61,82927,98],{"class":75},[61,82929,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,82931,127],{"class":126},[61,82933,113],{"class":75},[61,82935,82855],{"class":126},[61,82937,113],{"class":75},[61,82939,4340],{"class":116},[61,82941,480],{"class":75},[14,82943,139],{},[52,82945,82947],{"className":54,"code":82946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82948,82949,82953,82957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,82950,82951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,82952,2626],{"class":79},[61,82954,82955],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,82956,2626],{"class":79},[61,82958,82959],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,82960,82961],{"class":67},"pear\n",[14,82963,20177],{},[34,82965,82966,82972,82978],{},[37,82967,82968,82971],{},[18,82969,82970],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[37,82973,82974,82977],{},[18,82975,82976],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[37,82979,82980,82983],{},[18,82981,82982],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[47,82985,3911,82987,3914],{"id":82986},"what-max-does",[18,82988,82796],{},[14,82990,82991,378],{},[18,82992,82796],{},[34,82994,82995,82998,83001,83004],{},[37,82996,82997],{},"Returns the largest item",[37,82999,83000],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[37,83002,83003],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[37,83005,83006],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,83008,83009],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,83011,83012],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[47,83014,341],{"id":340},[14,83016,83017,83018,378],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,83019,82796],{},[52,83021,83023],{"className":54,"code":83022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,83024,83025,83035,83059,83081,83104],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83026,83027,83029,83031,83033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83028,82855],{"class":126},[61,83030,113],{"class":75},[61,83032,359],{"class":116},[61,83034,120],{"class":75},[61,83036,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83048,83050,83052,83054,83057],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83038,82855],{"class":126},[61,83040,113],{"class":75},[61,83042,359],{"class":116},[61,83044,83],{"class":75},[61,83046,83047],{"class":71}," *",[61,83049,83],{"class":75},[61,83051,21799],{"class":9400},[61,83053,72],{"class":71},[61,83055,83056],{"class":116},"func",[61,83058,120],{"class":75},[61,83060,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,83062,82855],{"class":126},[61,83064,113],{"class":75},[61,83066,359],{"class":116},[61,83068,83],{"class":75},[61,83070,83047],{"class":71},[61,83072,83],{"class":75},[61,83074,26744],{"class":9400},[61,83076,72],{"class":71},[61,83078,1783],{"class":116},[61,83080,120],{"class":75},[61,83082,83083,83085,83087,83090,83092,83095,83097,83099,83102],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,83084,82855],{"class":126},[61,83086,113],{"class":75},[61,83088,83089],{"class":116},"arg1",[61,83091,83],{"class":75},[61,83093,83094],{"class":116}," arg2",[61,83096,83],{"class":75},[61,83098,83047],{"class":71},[61,83100,83101],{"class":116},"args",[61,83103,120],{"class":75},[61,83105,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,83107,82855],{"class":126},[61,83109,113],{"class":75},[61,83111,83089],{"class":116},[61,83113,83],{"class":75},[61,83115,83094],{"class":116},[61,83117,83],{"class":75},[61,83119,83047],{"class":71},[61,83121,83101],{"class":116},[61,83123,83],{"class":75},[61,83125,21799],{"class":9400},[61,83127,72],{"class":71},[61,83129,83056],{"class":116},[61,83131,120],{"class":75},[14,83133,83134],{},"The most important parts are:",[34,83136,83137,83142,83147],{},[37,83138,83139,83141],{},[18,83140,359],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[37,83143,83144,83146],{},[18,83145,15062],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[37,83148,83149,83152],{},[18,83150,83151],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[47,83154,1750,83156,83158],{"id":83155},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,83157,82796],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83160,83161],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[52,83163,83165],{"className":54,"code":83164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,83166,83167,83193,83209,83213],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83168,83169,83171,83173,83175,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83170,5292],{"class":67},[61,83172,72],{"class":71},[61,83174,76],{"class":75},[61,83176,83177],{"class":79},"72",[61,83179,83],{"class":75},[61,83181,51733],{"class":79},[61,83183,83],{"class":75},[61,83185,13729],{"class":79},[61,83187,83],{"class":75},[61,83189,83190],{"class":79}," 66",[61,83192,98],{"class":75},[61,83194,83195,83198,83200,83203,83205,83207],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83196,83197],{"class":67},"highest_score ",[61,83199,72],{"class":71},[61,83201,83202],{"class":126}," max",[61,83204,113],{"class":75},[61,83206,16609],{"class":116},[61,83208,120],{"class":75},[61,83210,83211],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,83212,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,83214,83215,83217,83219,83222],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,83216,127],{"class":126},[61,83218,113],{"class":75},[61,83220,83221],{"class":116},"highest_score",[61,83223,120],{"class":75},[14,83225,139],{},[52,83227,83229],{"className":54,"code":83228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"91\n",[18,83230,83231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83232,83233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83234,83228],{"class":79},[14,83236,83237],{},"This works well for:",[34,83239,83240,83243,83246,83249],{},[37,83241,83242],{},"Scores",[37,83244,83245],{},"Prices",[37,83247,83248],{},"Ages",[37,83250,83251],{},"Counts",[14,83253,52303],{},[52,83255,83257],{"className":54,"code":83256,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,83258,83259,83287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83260,83261,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83275,83277,83280,83282,83285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83262,83263],{"class":67},"prices ",[61,83265,72],{"class":71},[61,83267,76],{"class":75},[61,83269,40620],{"class":79},[61,83271,83],{"class":75},[61,83273,83274],{"class":79}," 5.50",[61,83276,83],{"class":75},[61,83278,83279],{"class":79}," 12.75",[61,83281,83],{"class":75},[61,83283,83284],{"class":79}," 29.00",[61,83286,98],{"class":75},[61,83288,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83300],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83290,127],{"class":126},[61,83292,113],{"class":75},[61,83294,82855],{"class":126},[61,83296,113],{"class":75},[61,83298,83299],{"class":116},"prices",[61,83301,480],{"class":75},[14,83303,139],{},[52,83305,83307],{"className":54,"code":83306,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"29.0\n",[18,83308,83309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83310,83311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83312,83306],{"class":79},[14,83314,83315,83316,83318,83319,26],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83317,82796],{}," is simpler than ",[334,83320,83321],{"href":74738},[18,83322,74641],{},[47,83324,1750,83326,83328],{"id":83325},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83327,82796],{}," with separate values",[14,83330,83331],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[52,83333,83335],{"className":54,"code":83334,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83336,83337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83338,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83340,127],{"class":126},[61,83342,113],{"class":75},[61,83344,82855],{"class":126},[61,83346,113],{"class":75},[61,83348,498],{"class":79},[61,83350,83],{"class":75},[61,83352,31163],{"class":79},[61,83354,83],{"class":75},[61,83356,6222],{"class":79},[61,83358,480],{"class":75},[14,83360,139],{},[52,83362,83363],{"className":54,"code":2472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83364,83365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83366,83367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83368,2472],{"class":79},[14,83370,83371],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83373,83374],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[52,83376,83378],{"className":54,"code":83377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83379,83380,83389,83397,83407,83411,83434],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83381,83382,83384,83386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83383,717],{"class":67},[61,83385,72],{"class":71},[61,83387,83388],{"class":79}," 15\n",[61,83390,83391,83393,83395],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83392,728],{"class":67},[61,83394,72],{"class":71},[61,83396,3010],{"class":79},[61,83398,83399,83402,83404],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,83400,83401],{"class":67},"c ",[61,83403,72],{"class":71},[61,83405,83406],{"class":79}," 27\n",[61,83408,83409],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,83410,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,83412,83413,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,83414,83415],{"class":67},"largest ",[61,83417,72],{"class":71},[61,83419,83202],{"class":126},[61,83421,113],{"class":75},[61,83423,334],{"class":116},[61,83425,83],{"class":75},[61,83427,2801],{"class":116},[61,83429,83],{"class":75},[61,83431,9903],{"class":116},[61,83433,120],{"class":75},[61,83435,83436,83438,83440,83443],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,83437,127],{"class":126},[61,83439,113],{"class":75},[61,83441,83442],{"class":116},"largest",[61,83444,120],{"class":75},[14,83446,139],{},[52,83448,83449],{"className":54,"code":46835,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83450,83451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83452,83453],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83454,46835],{"class":79},[14,83456,83457],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[47,83459,1750,83461,47282],{"id":83460},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83462,82796],{},[14,83464,83465,83467],{},[18,83466,82796],{}," can compare strings too.",[52,83469,83471],{"className":54,"code":83470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83472,83473,83505],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83474,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83476,4298],{"class":67},[61,83478,72],{"class":71},[61,83480,76],{"class":75},[61,83482,215],{"class":214},[61,83484,2042],{"class":218},[61,83486,215],{"class":214},[61,83488,83],{"class":75},[61,83490,226],{"class":214},[61,83492,1040],{"class":218},[61,83494,215],{"class":214},[61,83496,83],{"class":75},[61,83498,226],{"class":214},[61,83500,78959],{"class":218},[61,83502,215],{"class":214},[61,83504,98],{"class":75},[61,83506,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83508,127],{"class":126},[61,83510,113],{"class":75},[61,83512,82855],{"class":126},[61,83514,113],{"class":75},[61,83516,4340],{"class":116},[61,83518,480],{"class":75},[14,83520,139],{},[52,83522,83523],{"className":54,"code":82961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83524,83525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83526,83527],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83528,82961],{"class":67},[14,83530,83531],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83533,68500],{},[34,83535,83536,83545,83548],{},[37,83537,83538,83541,83542,83544],{},[18,83539,83540],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83543,65492],{}," alphabetically",[37,83546,83547],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[37,83549,83550],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83552,197],{},[52,83554,83556],{"className":54,"code":83555,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83557,83558,83591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83561,4298],{"class":67},[61,83563,72],{"class":71},[61,83565,76],{"class":75},[61,83567,215],{"class":214},[61,83569,2042],{"class":218},[61,83571,215],{"class":214},[61,83573,83],{"class":75},[61,83575,226],{"class":214},[61,83577,83578],{"class":218},"Banana",[61,83580,215],{"class":214},[61,83582,83],{"class":75},[61,83584,226],{"class":214},[61,83586,78959],{"class":218},[61,83588,215],{"class":214},[61,83590,98],{"class":75},[61,83592,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83594,127],{"class":126},[61,83596,113],{"class":75},[61,83598,82855],{"class":126},[61,83600,113],{"class":75},[61,83602,4340],{"class":116},[61,83604,480],{"class":75},[14,83606,83607],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83609,83610,83611,83613],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83612,15062],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[47,83615,36834,83616,36837],{"id":78917},[18,83617,15062],{},[14,83619,2233,83620,83622],{},[18,83621,15062],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83624,83625],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[819,83627,83629],{"id":83628},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[52,83631,83633],{"className":54,"code":83632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83634,83635,83667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83636,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83638,4298],{"class":67},[61,83640,72],{"class":71},[61,83642,76],{"class":75},[61,83644,215],{"class":214},[61,83646,37269],{"class":218},[61,83648,215],{"class":214},[61,83650,83],{"class":75},[61,83652,226],{"class":214},[61,83654,68543],{"class":218},[61,83656,215],{"class":214},[61,83658,83],{"class":75},[61,83660,226],{"class":214},[61,83662,58352],{"class":218},[61,83664,215],{"class":214},[61,83666,98],{"class":75},[61,83668,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83670,127],{"class":126},[61,83672,113],{"class":75},[61,83674,82855],{"class":126},[61,83676,113],{"class":75},[61,83678,4340],{"class":116},[61,83680,83],{"class":75},[61,83682,21799],{"class":9400},[61,83684,72],{"class":71},[61,83686,1948],{"class":126},[61,83688,480],{"class":75},[14,83690,139],{},[52,83692,83694],{"className":54,"code":83693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"elephant\n",[18,83695,83696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83697,83698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83699,83693],{"class":67},[14,83701,20991,83702,83705],{},[18,83703,83704],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83707,83708,83709,33850,83711,26],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83710,42584],{},[334,83712,83713,6011],{"href":42581},[18,83714,42584],{},[819,83716,83718],{"id":83717},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[52,83720,83722],{"className":54,"code":83721,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83723,83724,83756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83725,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83727,4298],{"class":67},[61,83729,72],{"class":71},[61,83731,76],{"class":75},[61,83733,215],{"class":214},[61,83735,2042],{"class":218},[61,83737,215],{"class":214},[61,83739,83],{"class":75},[61,83741,226],{"class":214},[61,83743,83578],{"class":218},[61,83745,215],{"class":214},[61,83747,83],{"class":75},[61,83749,226],{"class":214},[61,83751,78959],{"class":218},[61,83753,215],{"class":214},[61,83755,98],{"class":75},[61,83757,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83759,127],{"class":126},[61,83761,113],{"class":75},[61,83763,82855],{"class":126},[61,83765,113],{"class":75},[61,83767,4340],{"class":116},[61,83769,83],{"class":75},[61,83771,21799],{"class":9400},[61,83773,72],{"class":71},[61,83775,1208],{"class":109},[61,83777,26],{"class":75},[61,83779,8870],{"class":24971},[61,83781,480],{"class":75},[14,83783,139],{},[52,83785,83786],{"className":54,"code":82961,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83787,83788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83789,83790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83791,82961],{"class":67},[14,83793,20991,83794,83796],{},[18,83795,78913],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[819,83798,83800],{"id":83799},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83802,83803,83804,378],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83805,37881],{},[52,83807,83809],{"className":54,"code":83808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83810,83811,83854],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83812,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83832,83834,83836,83838,83841,83843,83845,83847,83850,83852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83814,1230],{"class":67},[61,83816,72],{"class":71},[61,83818,76],{"class":75},[61,83820,215],{"class":214},[61,83822,334],{"class":218},[61,83824,215],{"class":214},[61,83826,83],{"class":75},[61,83828,226],{"class":214},[61,83830,83831],{"class":218},"bb",[61,83833,215],{"class":214},[61,83835,83],{"class":75},[61,83837,226],{"class":214},[61,83839,83840],{"class":218},"cccc",[61,83842,215],{"class":214},[61,83844,83],{"class":75},[61,83846,226],{"class":214},[61,83848,83849],{"class":218},"ddd",[61,83851,215],{"class":214},[61,83853,98],{"class":75},[61,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83857,127],{"class":126},[61,83859,113],{"class":75},[61,83861,82855],{"class":126},[61,83863,113],{"class":75},[61,83865,1267],{"class":116},[61,83867,83],{"class":75},[61,83869,21799],{"class":9400},[61,83871,72],{"class":71},[61,83873,37881],{"class":675},[61,83875,43065],{"class":37884},[61,83877,378],{"class":75},[61,83879,38607],{"class":126},[61,83881,113],{"class":75},[61,83883,1056],{"class":116},[61,83885,460],{"class":75},[14,83887,139],{},[52,83889,83891],{"className":54,"code":83890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cccc\n",[18,83892,83893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83894,83895],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83896,83890],{"class":67},[14,83898,49773,83899,4621,83901,83903],{},[18,83900,83704],{},[18,83902,78800],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[47,83905,36834,83907,36837],{"id":83906},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83908,83151],{},[14,83910,2233,83911,83913],{},[18,83912,83151],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83915,83916],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[52,83918,83920],{"className":54,"code":83919,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83921,83922,83930],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83923,83924,83926,83928],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83925,68],{"class":67},[61,83927,72],{"class":71},[61,83929,8068],{"class":75},[61,83931,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83933,127],{"class":126},[61,83935,113],{"class":75},[61,83937,82855],{"class":126},[61,83939,113],{"class":75},[61,83941,117],{"class":116},[61,83943,83],{"class":75},[61,83945,26744],{"class":9400},[61,83947,72],{"class":71},[61,83949,582],{"class":79},[61,83951,480],{"class":75},[14,83953,139],{},[52,83955,83956],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,83957,83958],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83959,83960],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83961,47475],{"class":79},[14,83963,83964],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83966,83967,83968,83970],{},"Without ",[18,83969,83151],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83972,52303],{},[52,83974,83976],{"className":54,"code":83975,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83977,83978,83986,84013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,83979,83980,83982,83984],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,83981,4298],{"class":67},[61,83983,72],{"class":71},[61,83985,8068],{"class":75},[61,83987,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006,84009,84011],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,83989,869],{"class":67},[61,83991,72],{"class":71},[61,83993,83202],{"class":126},[61,83995,113],{"class":75},[61,83997,4340],{"class":116},[61,83999,83],{"class":75},[61,84001,26744],{"class":9400},[61,84003,72],{"class":71},[61,84005,215],{"class":214},[61,84007,84008],{"class":218},"no words found",[61,84010,215],{"class":214},[61,84012,120],{"class":75},[61,84014,84015,84017,84019,84021],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,84016,127],{"class":126},[61,84018,113],{"class":75},[61,84020,892],{"class":116},[61,84022,120],{"class":75},[14,84024,139],{},[52,84026,84028],{"className":54,"code":84027,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"no words found\n",[18,84029,84030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84031,84032],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84033,84027],{"class":67},[14,84035,84036],{},"Important:",[34,84038,84039,84047],{},[37,84040,84041,84043,84044],{},[18,84042,83151],{}," works with ",[18,84045,84046],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[37,84048,41128,84049,84051,84052],{},[23,84050,704],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,84053,84054],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[47,84056,48210],{"id":48209},[14,84058,84059,84060,26],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,84061,82796],{},[819,84063,84065,84067],{"id":84064},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,84066,40926],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,84069,84070,84071,46132,84073,26],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,84072,83151],{},[18,84074,40926],{},[52,84076,84078],{"className":54,"code":84077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,84079,84080,84088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84081,84082,84084,84086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84083,68],{"class":67},[61,84085,72],{"class":71},[61,84087,8068],{"class":75},[61,84089,84090,84092,84094,84096,84098,84100],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84091,127],{"class":126},[61,84093,113],{"class":75},[61,84095,82855],{"class":126},[61,84097,113],{"class":75},[61,84099,117],{"class":116},[61,84101,480],{"class":75},[14,84103,29902],{},[52,84105,84107],{"className":54,"code":84106,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,84108,84109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84110,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84122,84124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84112,40926],{"class":109},[61,84114,378],{"class":75},[61,84116,83202],{"class":126},[61,84118,7596],{"class":75},[61,84120,84121],{"class":67}," arg ",[61,84123,12416],{"class":71},[61,84125,84126],{"class":67}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84128,84129,84130,378],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,84131,83151],{},[52,84133,84135],{"className":54,"code":84134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,84136,84137,84145],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84138,84139,84141,84143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84140,68],{"class":67},[61,84142,72],{"class":71},[61,84144,8068],{"class":75},[61,84146,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163,84165],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84148,127],{"class":126},[61,84150,113],{"class":75},[61,84152,82855],{"class":126},[61,84154,113],{"class":75},[61,84156,117],{"class":116},[61,84158,83],{"class":75},[61,84160,26744],{"class":9400},[61,84162,72],{"class":71},[61,84164,4012],{"class":1523},[61,84166,480],{"class":75},[14,84168,84169,84170,26],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[334,84171,66056],{"href":73095},[819,84173,84175,84177],{"id":84174},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,84176,1334],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84179,84180,84181,26],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,84182,1334],{},[52,84184,84186],{"className":54,"code":84185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84187,84188,84212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84189,84190,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84191,1230],{"class":67},[61,84193,72],{"class":71},[61,84195,76],{"class":75},[61,84197,447],{"class":79},[61,84199,83],{"class":75},[61,84201,226],{"class":214},[61,84203,15974],{"class":218},[61,84205,215],{"class":214},[61,84207,83],{"class":75},[61,84209,8025],{"class":79},[61,84211,98],{"class":75},[61,84213,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84215,127],{"class":126},[61,84217,113],{"class":75},[61,84219,82855],{"class":126},[61,84221,113],{"class":75},[61,84223,1267],{"class":116},[61,84225,480],{"class":75},[14,84227,84228],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84230,84231],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[52,84233,84235],{"className":54,"code":84234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84236,84237,84257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84238,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84240,1230],{"class":67},[61,84242,72],{"class":71},[61,84244,76],{"class":75},[61,84246,447],{"class":79},[61,84248,83],{"class":75},[61,84250,452],{"class":79},[61,84252,83],{"class":75},[61,84254,8025],{"class":79},[61,84256,98],{"class":75},[61,84258,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84260,127],{"class":126},[61,84262,113],{"class":75},[61,84264,82855],{"class":126},[61,84266,113],{"class":75},[61,84268,1267],{"class":116},[61,84270,480],{"class":75},[14,84272,84273,84274,26],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[334,84275,84277],{"href":84276},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[819,84279,84281,84283],{"id":84280},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84282,1334],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84285,84286,84288],{},[18,84287,82796],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[52,84290,84292],{"className":54,"code":84291,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(max())\n",[18,84293,84294],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84295,84296,84298,84300,84302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84297,127],{"class":126},[61,84299,113],{"class":75},[61,84301,82855],{"class":126},[61,84303,7424],{"class":75},[14,84305,1815,84306,26],{},[18,84307,1334],{},[47,84309,84311,10806,84313],{"id":84310},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84312,82796],{},[18,84314,74641],{},[14,84316,84317],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84319,84320,378],{},[18,84321,82796],{},[34,84323,84324],{},[37,84325,84326],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84328,84329,378],{},[18,84330,74641],{},[34,84332,84333],{},[37,84334,84335],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84337,197],{},[52,84339,84341],{"className":54,"code":84340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84342,84343,84367,84371,84385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84344,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84346,68],{"class":67},[61,84348,72],{"class":71},[61,84350,76],{"class":75},[61,84352,1321],{"class":79},[61,84354,83],{"class":75},[61,84356,6587],{"class":79},[61,84358,83],{"class":75},[61,84360,86],{"class":79},[61,84362,83],{"class":75},[61,84364,950],{"class":79},[61,84366,98],{"class":75},[61,84368,84369],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84370,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,84372,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,84374,127],{"class":126},[61,84376,113],{"class":75},[61,84378,82855],{"class":126},[61,84380,113],{"class":75},[61,84382,117],{"class":116},[61,84384,480],{"class":75},[61,84386,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,84388,127],{"class":126},[61,84390,113],{"class":75},[61,84392,74731],{"class":126},[61,84394,113],{"class":75},[61,84396,117],{"class":116},[61,84398,480],{"class":75},[14,84400,139],{},[52,84402,84404],{"className":54,"code":84403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84405,84406,84410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84407,84408],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84409,2626],{"class":79},[61,84411,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84413,4129],{"class":75},[61,84415,2310],{"class":79},[61,84417,83],{"class":75},[61,84419,95],{"class":79},[61,84421,83],{"class":75},[61,84423,950],{"class":79},[61,84425,83],{"class":75},[61,84427,6587],{"class":79},[61,84429,98],{"class":75},[14,84431,165,84432,84434],{},[18,84433,82796],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84436,165,84437,84441],{},[334,84438,84439],{"href":74738},[18,84440,74641],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84443,84444,84445,26],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[334,84446,84448],{"href":84447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84449,84450],{},"min()",[47,84452,1741],{"id":1740},[14,84454,84455],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[34,84457,84458,84465,84468,84473,84476],{},[37,84459,29871,84460,84462,84463],{},[18,84461,82796],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84464,83151],{},[37,84466,84467],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[37,84469,1864,84470,84472],{},[18,84471,82796],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[37,84474,84475],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[37,84477,1750,84478,84480],{},[18,84479,83151],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84482,1894],{},[52,84484,84486],{"className":54,"code":84485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84487,84488,84498,84512,84526,84540,84562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84489,84490,84492,84494,84496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84491,127],{"class":126},[61,84493,113],{"class":75},[61,84495,1267],{"class":116},[61,84497,120],{"class":75},[61,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84501,127],{"class":126},[61,84503,113],{"class":75},[61,84505,648],{"class":109},[61,84507,113],{"class":75},[61,84509,1267],{"class":116},[61,84511,480],{"class":75},[61,84513,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,84515,127],{"class":126},[61,84517,113],{"class":75},[61,84519,1948],{"class":126},[61,84521,113],{"class":75},[61,84523,1267],{"class":116},[61,84525,480],{"class":75},[61,84527,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,84529,127],{"class":126},[61,84531,113],{"class":75},[61,84533,82855],{"class":126},[61,84535,113],{"class":75},[61,84537,1267],{"class":116},[61,84539,480],{"class":75},[61,84541,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,84543,127],{"class":126},[61,84545,113],{"class":75},[61,84547,82855],{"class":126},[61,84549,113],{"class":75},[61,84551,1267],{"class":116},[61,84553,83],{"class":75},[61,84555,26744],{"class":9400},[61,84557,72],{"class":71},[61,84559,4012],{"class":1523},[61,84561,480],{"class":75},[61,84563,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,84565,127],{"class":126},[61,84567,416],{"class":75},[61,84569,648],{"class":109},[61,84571,113],{"class":75},[61,84573,2422],{"class":116},[61,84575,3893],{"class":75},[61,84577,4107],{"class":1490},[61,84579,4110],{"class":116},[61,84581,1433],{"class":1490},[61,84583,6194],{"class":116},[61,84585,1474],{"class":75},[14,84587,84588],{},"These are useful for checking:",[34,84590,84591,84596,84601,84604],{},[37,84592,84593,84594],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84595,1267],{},[37,84597,79966,84598,84600],{},[18,84599,1267],{}," is a list or some other type",[37,84602,84603],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[37,84605,84606],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84608,69564,84609,84612,84613,84615],{},[18,84610,84611],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84614,1267],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[47,84617,1987],{"id":1986},[819,84619,5371,84621,5374],{"id":84620},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84622,82796],{},[14,84624,84625],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[819,84627,5398,84629,84631],{"id":84628},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84630,82796],{}," work with strings?",[14,84633,84634],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[819,84636,71863],{"id":71862},[14,84638,84639,52718,84641,84643,84644,84646],{},[18,84640,82796],{},[18,84642,40926],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84645,83151],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[819,84648,84650,84651,2735],{"id":84649},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84652,82796],{},[14,84654,165,84655,378],{},[18,84656,83704],{},[52,84658,84659],{"className":54,"code":83632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,84660,84661,84693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84662,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84664,4298],{"class":67},[61,84666,72],{"class":71},[61,84668,76],{"class":75},[61,84670,215],{"class":214},[61,84672,37269],{"class":218},[61,84674,215],{"class":214},[61,84676,83],{"class":75},[61,84678,226],{"class":214},[61,84680,68543],{"class":218},[61,84682,215],{"class":214},[61,84684,83],{"class":75},[61,84686,226],{"class":214},[61,84688,58352],{"class":218},[61,84690,215],{"class":214},[61,84692,98],{"class":75},[61,84694,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84696,127],{"class":126},[61,84698,113],{"class":75},[61,84700,82855],{"class":126},[61,84702,113],{"class":75},[61,84704,4340],{"class":116},[61,84706,83],{"class":75},[61,84708,21799],{"class":9400},[61,84710,72],{"class":71},[61,84712,1948],{"class":126},[61,84714,480],{"class":75},[819,84716,5408,84718,4621,84720,2735],{"id":84717},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84719,82796],{},[18,84721,74641],{},[14,84723,84724,84726,84727,84729],{},[18,84725,82796],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84728,74641],{}," returns all items in order.",[47,84731,2144],{"id":2143},[34,84733,84734,84740,84746,84752,84756,84760],{},[37,84735,84736],{},[334,84737,84738,3741],{"href":84447},[18,84739,84450],{},[37,84741,84742],{},[334,84743,84744,3741],{"href":74738},[18,84745,74641],{},[37,84747,84748],{},[334,84749,84750,3741],{"href":42581},[18,84751,42584],{},[37,84753,84754],{},[334,84755,59181],{"href":59180},[37,84757,84758],{},[334,84759,66056],{"href":73095},[37,84761,84762],{},[334,84763,84277],{"href":84276},[2169,84765,84766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":84768},[84769,84770,84772,84773,84775,84777,84779,84784,84786,84794,84796,84797,84808],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":82986,"depth":101,"text":84771},"What max() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":83155,"depth":101,"text":84774},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83325,"depth":101,"text":84776},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83460,"depth":101,"text":84778},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78917,"depth":101,"text":80115,"children":84780},[84781,84782,84783],{"id":83628,"depth":123,"text":83629},{"id":83717,"depth":123,"text":83718},{"id":83799,"depth":123,"text":83800},{"id":83906,"depth":101,"text":84785},"Using the default argument",{"id":48209,"depth":101,"text":48210,"children":84787},[84788,84790,84792],{"id":84064,"depth":123,"text":84789},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84174,"depth":123,"text":84791},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84280,"depth":123,"text":84793},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84310,"depth":101,"text":84795},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":84798},[84799,84801,84803,84804,84806],{"id":84620,"depth":123,"text":84800},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84628,"depth":123,"text":84802},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71862,"depth":123,"text":71863},{"id":84649,"depth":123,"text":84805},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84717,"depth":123,"text":84807},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82788,"description":84809},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84816,"title":84817,"body":84818,"description":86772,"extension":2216,"meta":86773,"navigation":271,"path":86774,"seo":86775,"stem":86776,"__hash__":86777},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84819,"toc":86729},[84820,84825,84830,84836,84838,84912,84914,84927,84932,84937,84953,84957,84962,85038,85044,85047,85090,85092,85100,85106,85109,85140,85142,85150,85156,85161,85220,85222,85231,85234,85244,85250,85255,85290,85292,85300,85306,85312,85317,85361,85363,85372,85375,85415,85417,85426,85429,85441,85446,85451,85502,85504,85513,85516,85567,85569,85578,85581,85588,85594,85599,85601,85616,85620,85680,85682,85691,85695,85867,85869,85906,85913,85919,85922,85949,85951,85972,85977,86012,86014,86022,86025,86028,86044,86049,86051,86055,86061,86065,86092,86095,86105,86145,86149,86152,86195,86197,86206,86209,86214,86283,86285,86293,86298,86302,86305,86356,86358,86366,86369,86432,86434,86442,86445,86450,86454,86467,86474,86482,86484,86486,86516,86522,86623,86633,86635,86640,86643,86648,86651,86653,86661,86669,86677,86684,86692,86694,86726],[10,84821,3808,84823,3812],{"id":84822},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84824,84450],{},[14,84826,84827,84829],{},[18,84828,84450],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84831,84832,84833,84835],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84834,84450],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[47,84837,50],{"id":49},[52,84839,84841],{"className":54,"code":84840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84842,84843,84867,84882,84886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84844,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84846,68],{"class":67},[61,84848,72],{"class":71},[61,84850,76],{"class":75},[61,84852,945],{"class":79},[61,84854,83],{"class":75},[61,84856,86],{"class":79},[61,84858,83],{"class":75},[61,84860,54360],{"class":79},[61,84862,83],{"class":75},[61,84864,587],{"class":79},[61,84866,98],{"class":75},[61,84868,84869,84871,84873,84876,84878,84880],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84870,127],{"class":126},[61,84872,113],{"class":75},[61,84874,84875],{"class":126},"min",[61,84877,113],{"class":75},[61,84879,117],{"class":116},[61,84881,480],{"class":75},[61,84883,84884],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,84885,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,84887,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,84889,127],{"class":126},[61,84891,113],{"class":75},[61,84893,84875],{"class":126},[61,84895,113],{"class":75},[61,84897,945],{"class":79},[61,84899,83],{"class":75},[61,84901,86],{"class":79},[61,84903,83],{"class":75},[61,84905,54360],{"class":79},[61,84907,83],{"class":75},[61,84909,587],{"class":79},[61,84911,480],{"class":75},[14,84913,139],{},[52,84915,84917],{"className":54,"code":84916,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1\n1\n",[18,84918,84919,84923],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84920,84921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84922,47140],{"class":79},[61,84924,84925],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84926,47140],{"class":79},[14,84928,165,84929,84931],{},[18,84930,84450],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[47,84933,3911,84935,3914],{"id":84934},"what-min-does",[18,84936,84450],{},[34,84938,84939,84944,84947,84950],{},[37,84940,84941,84943],{},[18,84942,84450],{}," returns the smallest item",[37,84945,84946],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[37,84948,84949],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[37,84951,84952],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[47,84954,84956],{"id":84955},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84958,84959,84960,378],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84961,84450],{},[52,84963,84965],{"className":54,"code":84964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84966,84967,84977,85002,85020],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,84968,84969,84971,84973,84975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,84970,84875],{"class":126},[61,84972,113],{"class":75},[61,84974,359],{"class":116},[61,84976,120],{"class":75},[61,84978,84979,84981,84983,84986,84988,84991,84993,84996,84998,85000],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,84980,84875],{"class":126},[61,84982,113],{"class":75},[61,84984,84985],{"class":116},"value1",[61,84987,83],{"class":75},[61,84989,84990],{"class":116}," value2",[61,84992,83],{"class":75},[61,84994,84995],{"class":116}," value3",[61,84997,83],{"class":75},[61,84999,34676],{"class":126},[61,85001,120],{"class":75},[61,85003,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,85005,84875],{"class":126},[61,85007,113],{"class":75},[61,85009,359],{"class":116},[61,85011,83],{"class":75},[61,85013,21799],{"class":9400},[61,85015,72],{"class":71},[61,85017,37592],{"class":126},[61,85019,120],{"class":75},[61,85021,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,85023,84875],{"class":126},[61,85025,113],{"class":75},[61,85027,359],{"class":116},[61,85029,83],{"class":75},[61,85031,26744],{"class":9400},[61,85033,72],{"class":71},[61,85035,37592],{"class":126},[61,85037,120],{"class":75},[819,85039,85041],{"id":85040},"miniterable",[18,85042,85043],{},"min(iterable)",[14,85045,85046],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[52,85048,85050],{"className":54,"code":85049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85051,85052,85076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85053,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85055,68],{"class":67},[61,85057,72],{"class":71},[61,85059,76],{"class":75},[61,85061,2590],{"class":79},[61,85063,83],{"class":75},[61,85065,95],{"class":79},[61,85067,83],{"class":75},[61,85069,31163],{"class":79},[61,85071,83],{"class":75},[61,85073,587],{"class":79},[61,85075,98],{"class":75},[61,85077,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85079,127],{"class":126},[61,85081,113],{"class":75},[61,85083,84875],{"class":126},[61,85085,113],{"class":75},[61,85087,117],{"class":116},[61,85089,480],{"class":75},[14,85091,139],{},[52,85093,85094],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85095,85096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85097,85098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85099,47140],{"class":79},[819,85101,85103],{"id":85102},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,85104,85105],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,85107,85108],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[52,85110,85112],{"className":54,"code":85111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,85113,85114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85117,127],{"class":126},[61,85119,113],{"class":75},[61,85121,84875],{"class":126},[61,85123,113],{"class":75},[61,85125,2590],{"class":79},[61,85127,83],{"class":75},[61,85129,95],{"class":79},[61,85131,83],{"class":75},[61,85133,31163],{"class":79},[61,85135,83],{"class":75},[61,85137,587],{"class":79},[61,85139,480],{"class":75},[14,85141,139],{},[52,85143,85144],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85145,85146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85147,85148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85149,47140],{"class":79},[819,85151,85153],{"id":85152},"miniterable-key",[18,85154,85155],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85157,165,85158,85160],{},[18,85159,15062],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[52,85162,85164],{"className":54,"code":85163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85165,85166,85198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85167,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85169,4298],{"class":67},[61,85171,72],{"class":71},[61,85173,76],{"class":75},[61,85175,215],{"class":214},[61,85177,78959],{"class":218},[61,85179,215],{"class":214},[61,85181,83],{"class":75},[61,85183,226],{"class":214},[61,85185,38562],{"class":218},[61,85187,215],{"class":214},[61,85189,83],{"class":75},[61,85191,226],{"class":214},[61,85193,1040],{"class":218},[61,85195,215],{"class":214},[61,85197,98],{"class":75},[61,85199,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85201,127],{"class":126},[61,85203,113],{"class":75},[61,85205,84875],{"class":126},[61,85207,113],{"class":75},[61,85209,4340],{"class":116},[61,85211,83],{"class":75},[61,85213,21799],{"class":9400},[61,85215,72],{"class":71},[61,85217,1948],{"class":126},[61,85219,480],{"class":75},[14,85221,139],{},[52,85223,85225],{"className":54,"code":85224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"kiwi\n",[18,85226,85227],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85228,85229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85230,85224],{"class":67},[14,85232,85233],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85235,85236,85237,85239,85240,26],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,85238,42584],{},", see the ",[334,85241,85242,3741],{"href":42581},[18,85243,42584],{},[819,85245,85247],{"id":85246},"miniterable-default",[18,85248,85249],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85251,165,85252,85254],{},[18,85253,83151],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[52,85256,85258],{"className":54,"code":85257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,85259,85260,85268],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85261,85262,85264,85266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85263,68],{"class":67},[61,85265,72],{"class":71},[61,85267,8068],{"class":75},[61,85269,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85271,127],{"class":126},[61,85273,113],{"class":75},[61,85275,84875],{"class":126},[61,85277,113],{"class":75},[61,85279,117],{"class":116},[61,85281,83],{"class":75},[61,85283,26744],{"class":9400},[61,85285,72],{"class":71},[61,85287,582],{"class":79},[61,85289,480],{"class":75},[14,85291,139],{},[52,85293,85294],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,85295,85296],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85297,85298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85299,47475],{"class":79},[14,85301,85302,85303,85305],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85304,40926],{}," when there is no item to return.",[47,85307,1750,85309,85311],{"id":85308},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85310,84450],{}," with numbers",[14,85313,85314,85316],{},[18,85315,84450],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[52,85318,85320],{"className":54,"code":85319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85321,85322,85347],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85323,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85325,5292],{"class":67},[61,85327,72],{"class":71},[61,85329,76],{"class":75},[61,85331,51728],{"class":79},[61,85333,83],{"class":75},[61,85335,85336],{"class":79}," 72",[61,85338,83],{"class":75},[61,85340,29127],{"class":79},[61,85342,83],{"class":75},[61,85344,76316],{"class":79},[61,85346,98],{"class":75},[61,85348,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85350,127],{"class":126},[61,85352,113],{"class":75},[61,85354,84875],{"class":126},[61,85356,113],{"class":75},[61,85358,16609],{"class":116},[61,85360,480],{"class":75},[14,85362,139],{},[52,85364,85366],{"className":54,"code":85365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"60\n",[18,85367,85368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85369,85370],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85371,85365],{"class":79},[14,85373,85374],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[52,85376,85378],{"className":54,"code":85377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85379,85380,85401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85381,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85395,85397,85399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85383,83263],{"class":67},[61,85385,72],{"class":71},[61,85387,76],{"class":75},[61,85389,40620],{"class":79},[61,85391,83],{"class":75},[61,85393,85394],{"class":79}," 5.49",[61,85396,83],{"class":75},[61,85398,83279],{"class":79},[61,85400,98],{"class":75},[61,85402,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85404,127],{"class":126},[61,85406,113],{"class":75},[61,85408,84875],{"class":126},[61,85410,113],{"class":75},[61,85412,83299],{"class":116},[61,85414,480],{"class":75},[14,85416,139],{},[52,85418,85420],{"className":54,"code":85419,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5.49\n",[18,85421,85422],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85423,85424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85425,85419],{"class":79},[14,85427,85428],{},"This is useful for things like:",[34,85430,85431,85433,85435,85438],{},[37,85432,16609],{},[37,85434,83299],{},[37,85436,85437],{},"measurements",[37,85439,85440],{},"ages",[47,85442,1750,85444,47282],{"id":85443},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85445,84450],{},[14,85447,85448,85450],{},[18,85449,84450],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[52,85452,85454],{"className":54,"code":85453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85455,85456,85488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85457,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85459,4298],{"class":67},[61,85461,72],{"class":71},[61,85463,76],{"class":75},[61,85465,215],{"class":214},[61,85467,1040],{"class":218},[61,85469,215],{"class":214},[61,85471,83],{"class":75},[61,85473,226],{"class":214},[61,85475,2042],{"class":218},[61,85477,215],{"class":214},[61,85479,83],{"class":75},[61,85481,226],{"class":214},[61,85483,4323],{"class":218},[61,85485,215],{"class":214},[61,85487,98],{"class":75},[61,85489,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85491,127],{"class":126},[61,85493,113],{"class":75},[61,85495,84875],{"class":126},[61,85497,113],{"class":75},[61,85499,4340],{"class":116},[61,85501,480],{"class":75},[14,85503,139],{},[52,85505,85507],{"className":54,"code":85506,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple\n",[18,85508,85509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85510,85511],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85512,85506],{"class":67},[14,85514,85515],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[52,85517,85519],{"className":54,"code":85518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85520,85521,85553],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85522,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85524,4298],{"class":67},[61,85526,72],{"class":71},[61,85528,76],{"class":75},[61,85530,215],{"class":214},[61,85532,1040],{"class":218},[61,85534,215],{"class":214},[61,85536,83],{"class":75},[61,85538,226],{"class":214},[61,85540,57993],{"class":218},[61,85542,215],{"class":214},[61,85544,83],{"class":75},[61,85546,226],{"class":214},[61,85548,4323],{"class":218},[61,85550,215],{"class":214},[61,85552,98],{"class":75},[61,85554,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85556,127],{"class":126},[61,85558,113],{"class":75},[61,85560,84875],{"class":126},[61,85562,113],{"class":75},[61,85564,4340],{"class":116},[61,85566,480],{"class":75},[14,85568,139],{},[52,85570,85572],{"className":54,"code":85571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\n",[18,85573,85574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85575,85576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85577,85571],{"class":67},[14,85579,85580],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85582,85583,85584,26],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[334,85585,85586,6011],{"href":74738},[18,85587,74641],{},[47,85589,1750,85591,85593],{"id":85590},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85592,84450],{}," with a key function",[14,85595,2233,85596,85598],{},[18,85597,15062],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85600,11679],{},[34,85602,85603,85608,85613],{},[37,85604,85605,85607],{},[18,85606,15062],{}," changes the comparison rule",[37,85609,85610,85612],{},[18,85611,84450],{}," still returns the original item",[37,85614,85615],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[819,85617,85619],{"id":85618},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[52,85621,85623],{"className":54,"code":85622,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85624,85625,85658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85626,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85654,85656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85628,4298],{"class":67},[61,85630,72],{"class":71},[61,85632,76],{"class":75},[61,85634,215],{"class":214},[61,85636,68543],{"class":218},[61,85638,215],{"class":214},[61,85640,83],{"class":75},[61,85642,226],{"class":214},[61,85644,37269],{"class":218},[61,85646,215],{"class":214},[61,85648,83],{"class":75},[61,85650,226],{"class":214},[61,85652,85653],{"class":218},"giraffe",[61,85655,215],{"class":214},[61,85657,98],{"class":75},[61,85659,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85661,127],{"class":126},[61,85663,113],{"class":75},[61,85665,84875],{"class":126},[61,85667,113],{"class":75},[61,85669,4340],{"class":116},[61,85671,83],{"class":75},[61,85673,21799],{"class":9400},[61,85675,72],{"class":71},[61,85677,1948],{"class":126},[61,85679,480],{"class":75},[14,85681,139],{},[52,85683,85685],{"className":54,"code":85684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat\n",[18,85686,85687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85688,85689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85690,85684],{"class":67},[819,85692,85694],{"id":85693},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[52,85696,85698],{"className":54,"code":85697,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85699,85700,85710,85745,85777,85809,85813,85817,85856],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85701,85702,85705,85707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85703,85704],{"class":67},"students ",[61,85706,72],{"class":71},[61,85708,85709],{"class":75}," [\n",[61,85711,85712,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85736,85738,85740,85742],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85713,85714],{"class":75},"    {",[61,85716,215],{"class":214},[61,85718,7899],{"class":218},[61,85720,215],{"class":214},[61,85722,378],{"class":75},[61,85724,226],{"class":214},[61,85726,13104],{"class":218},[61,85728,215],{"class":214},[61,85730,83],{"class":75},[61,85732,226],{"class":214},[61,85734,85735],{"class":218},"score",[61,85737,215],{"class":214},[61,85739,378],{"class":75},[61,85741,13729],{"class":79},[61,85743,85744],{"class":75},"},\n",[61,85746,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,85748,85714],{"class":75},[61,85750,215],{"class":214},[61,85752,7899],{"class":218},[61,85754,215],{"class":214},[61,85756,378],{"class":75},[61,85758,226],{"class":214},[61,85760,36162],{"class":218},[61,85762,215],{"class":214},[61,85764,83],{"class":75},[61,85766,226],{"class":214},[61,85768,85735],{"class":218},[61,85770,215],{"class":214},[61,85772,378],{"class":75},[61,85774,85336],{"class":79},[61,85776,85744],{"class":75},[61,85778,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,85780,85714],{"class":75},[61,85782,215],{"class":214},[61,85784,7899],{"class":218},[61,85786,215],{"class":214},[61,85788,378],{"class":75},[61,85790,226],{"class":214},[61,85792,36171],{"class":218},[61,85794,215],{"class":214},[61,85796,83],{"class":75},[61,85798,226],{"class":214},[61,85800,85735],{"class":218},[61,85802,215],{"class":214},[61,85804,378],{"class":75},[61,85806,20118],{"class":79},[61,85808,162],{"class":75},[61,85810,85811],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,85812,98],{"class":75},[61,85814,85815],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,85816,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,85818,85819,85822,85824,85827,85829,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,85820,85821],{"class":67},"lowest ",[61,85823,72],{"class":71},[61,85825,85826],{"class":126}," min",[61,85828,113],{"class":75},[61,85830,85831],{"class":116},"students",[61,85833,83],{"class":75},[61,85835,21799],{"class":9400},[61,85837,72],{"class":71},[61,85839,37881],{"class":675},[61,85841,13130],{"class":37884},[61,85843,378],{"class":75},[61,85845,13130],{"class":116},[61,85847,4129],{"class":75},[61,85849,215],{"class":214},[61,85851,85735],{"class":218},[61,85853,215],{"class":214},[61,85855,1474],{"class":75},[61,85857,85858,85860,85862,85865],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,85859,127],{"class":126},[61,85861,113],{"class":75},[61,85863,85864],{"class":116},"lowest",[61,85866,120],{"class":75},[14,85868,139],{},[52,85870,85872],{"className":54,"code":85871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85873,85874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85875,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85877,149],{"class":75},[61,85879,299],{"class":214},[61,85881,7899],{"class":218},[61,85883,299],{"class":214},[61,85885,378],{"class":75},[61,85887,308],{"class":214},[61,85889,36162],{"class":218},[61,85891,299],{"class":214},[61,85893,83],{"class":75},[61,85895,308],{"class":214},[61,85897,85735],{"class":218},[61,85899,299],{"class":214},[61,85901,378],{"class":75},[61,85903,85336],{"class":79},[61,85905,162],{"class":75},[14,85907,85908,85909,85912],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85910,85911],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[47,85914,1750,85916,85918],{"id":85915},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85917,83151],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85920,85921],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[52,85923,85925],{"className":54,"code":85924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85926,85927,85935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85928,85929,85931,85933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85930,68],{"class":67},[61,85932,72],{"class":71},[61,85934,8068],{"class":75},[61,85936,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85938,127],{"class":126},[61,85940,113],{"class":75},[61,85942,84875],{"class":126},[61,85944,113],{"class":75},[61,85946,117],{"class":116},[61,85948,480],{"class":75},[14,85950,139],{},[52,85952,85954],{"className":54,"code":85953,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85955,85956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85957,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85959,40926],{"class":109},[61,85961,378],{"class":75},[61,85963,85826],{"class":126},[61,85965,7596],{"class":75},[61,85967,84121],{"class":67},[61,85969,12416],{"class":71},[61,85971,84126],{"class":67},[14,85973,85974,85975,378],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85976,83151],{},[52,85978,85980],{"className":54,"code":85979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85981,85982,85990],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,85983,85984,85986,85988],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,85985,68],{"class":67},[61,85987,72],{"class":71},[61,85989,8068],{"class":75},[61,85991,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,85993,127],{"class":126},[61,85995,113],{"class":75},[61,85997,84875],{"class":126},[61,85999,113],{"class":75},[61,86001,117],{"class":116},[61,86003,83],{"class":75},[61,86005,26744],{"class":9400},[61,86007,72],{"class":71},[61,86009,4012],{"class":1523},[61,86011,480],{"class":75},[14,86013,139],{},[52,86015,86016],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,86017,86018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86019,86020],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86021,12030],{"class":1523},[14,86023,86024],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,86026,86027],{},"Remember:",[34,86029,86030,86038],{},[37,86031,86032,86034,86035,86037],{},[18,86033,83151],{}," works only when ",[18,86036,84450],{}," gets one iterable argument",[37,86039,86040,86041],{},"It does not work with ",[18,86042,86043],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,86045,86046,86047,26],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[334,86048,66056],{"href":73095},[47,86050,10965],{"id":10964},[14,86052,57000,86053,26],{},[18,86054,84450],{},[819,86056,86058,86059],{"id":86057},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,86060,83151],{},[14,86062,1815,86063,378],{},[18,86064,40926],{},[52,86066,86068],{"className":54,"code":86067,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,86069,86070,86078],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86071,86072,86074,86076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86073,1230],{"class":67},[61,86075,72],{"class":71},[61,86077,8068],{"class":75},[61,86079,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86081,127],{"class":126},[61,86083,113],{"class":75},[61,86085,84875],{"class":126},[61,86087,113],{"class":75},[61,86089,1267],{"class":116},[61,86091,480],{"class":75},[14,86093,86094],{},"Fix it by:",[34,86096,86097,86100],{},[37,86098,86099],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[37,86101,86102,86103],{},"or using ",[18,86104,83151],{},[52,86106,86108],{"className":54,"code":86107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,86109,86110,86118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86111,86112,86114,86116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86113,1230],{"class":67},[61,86115,72],{"class":71},[61,86117,8068],{"class":75},[61,86119,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86141,86143],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86121,127],{"class":126},[61,86123,113],{"class":75},[61,86125,84875],{"class":126},[61,86127,113],{"class":75},[61,86129,1267],{"class":116},[61,86131,83],{"class":75},[61,86133,26744],{"class":9400},[61,86135,72],{"class":71},[61,86137,215],{"class":214},[61,86139,86140],{"class":218},"no items",[61,86142,215],{"class":214},[61,86144,480],{"class":75},[819,86146,86148],{"id":86147},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86150,86151],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[52,86153,86155],{"className":54,"code":86154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,86156,86157,86181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86158,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86160,9390],{"class":67},[61,86162,72],{"class":71},[61,86164,76],{"class":75},[61,86166,447],{"class":79},[61,86168,83],{"class":75},[61,86170,226],{"class":214},[61,86172,15974],{"class":218},[61,86174,215],{"class":214},[61,86176,83],{"class":75},[61,86178,950],{"class":79},[61,86180,98],{"class":75},[61,86182,86183,86185,86187,86189,86191,86193],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86184,127],{"class":126},[61,86186,113],{"class":75},[61,86188,84875],{"class":126},[61,86190,113],{"class":75},[61,86192,9429],{"class":116},[61,86194,480],{"class":75},[14,86196,139],{},[52,86198,86200],{"className":54,"code":86199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError\n",[18,86201,86202],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86203,86204],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86205,86199],{"class":109},[14,86207,86208],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86210,86211,86212,26],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,86213,84450],{},[52,86215,86217],{"className":54,"code":86216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86218,86219,86243,86269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86220,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86222,9390],{"class":67},[61,86224,72],{"class":71},[61,86226,76],{"class":75},[61,86228,447],{"class":79},[61,86230,83],{"class":75},[61,86232,226],{"class":214},[61,86234,15974],{"class":218},[61,86236,215],{"class":214},[61,86238,83],{"class":75},[61,86240,950],{"class":79},[61,86242,98],{"class":75},[61,86244,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86246,68],{"class":67},[61,86248,72],{"class":71},[61,86250,76],{"class":75},[61,86252,1203],{"class":109},[61,86254,113],{"class":75},[61,86256,2422],{"class":116},[61,86258,3893],{"class":75},[61,86260,4107],{"class":1490},[61,86262,4110],{"class":67},[61,86264,1433],{"class":1490},[61,86266,14787],{"class":67},[61,86268,98],{"class":75},[61,86270,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,86272,127],{"class":126},[61,86274,113],{"class":75},[61,86276,84875],{"class":126},[61,86278,113],{"class":75},[61,86280,117],{"class":116},[61,86282,480],{"class":75},[14,86284,139],{},[52,86286,86287],{"className":54,"code":3186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,86288,86289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86290,86291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86292,3186],{"class":79},[14,86294,86295,86296,26],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86297,1334],{},[819,86299,86301],{"id":86300},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86303,86304],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[52,86306,86308],{"className":54,"code":86307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86309,86310,86342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86311,86312,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86313,4298],{"class":67},[61,86315,72],{"class":71},[61,86317,76],{"class":75},[61,86319,215],{"class":214},[61,86321,79775],{"class":218},[61,86323,215],{"class":214},[61,86325,83],{"class":75},[61,86327,226],{"class":214},[61,86329,57993],{"class":218},[61,86331,215],{"class":214},[61,86333,83],{"class":75},[61,86335,226],{"class":214},[61,86337,79792],{"class":218},[61,86339,215],{"class":214},[61,86341,98],{"class":75},[61,86343,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86345,127],{"class":126},[61,86347,113],{"class":75},[61,86349,84875],{"class":126},[61,86351,113],{"class":75},[61,86353,4340],{"class":116},[61,86355,480],{"class":75},[14,86357,139],{},[52,86359,86360],{"className":54,"code":85571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,86361,86362],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86363,86364],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86365,85571],{"class":67},[14,86367,86368],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[52,86370,86372],{"className":54,"code":86371,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86373,86374,86406],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86375,86376,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86398,86400,86402,86404],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86377,4298],{"class":67},[61,86379,72],{"class":71},[61,86381,76],{"class":75},[61,86383,215],{"class":214},[61,86385,79775],{"class":218},[61,86387,215],{"class":214},[61,86389,83],{"class":75},[61,86391,226],{"class":214},[61,86393,57993],{"class":218},[61,86395,215],{"class":214},[61,86397,83],{"class":75},[61,86399,226],{"class":214},[61,86401,79792],{"class":218},[61,86403,215],{"class":214},[61,86405,98],{"class":75},[61,86407,86408,86410,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86409,127],{"class":126},[61,86411,113],{"class":75},[61,86413,84875],{"class":126},[61,86415,113],{"class":75},[61,86417,4340],{"class":116},[61,86419,83],{"class":75},[61,86421,21799],{"class":9400},[61,86423,72],{"class":71},[61,86425,1208],{"class":109},[61,86427,26],{"class":75},[61,86429,8870],{"class":24971},[61,86431,480],{"class":75},[14,86433,139],{},[52,86435,86436],{"className":54,"code":85571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,86437,86438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86439,86440],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86441,85571],{"class":67},[14,86443,86444],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[47,86446,5189,86448],{"id":86447},"when-to-use-min",[18,86449,84450],{},[14,86451,165,86452,1422],{},[18,86453,84450],{},[34,86455,86456,86459,86464],{},[37,86457,86458],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[37,86460,86461,86462],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86463,15062],{},[37,86465,86466],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86468,165,86469,86473],{},[334,86470,86471],{"href":74738},[18,86472,74641],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86475,165,86476,86481],{},[334,86477,86479],{"href":86478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86480,82796],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[47,86483,1741],{"id":1740},[14,86485,84455],{},[34,86487,86488,86496,86499,86504,86511],{},[37,86489,86490,86491,86493,86494],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86492,84450],{}," without using ",[18,86495,83151],{},[37,86497,86498],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[37,86500,1864,86501,86503],{},[18,86502,84450],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[37,86505,4932,86506,86508,86509,85612],{},[18,86507,15062],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86510,84450],{},[37,86512,1750,86513,86515],{},[18,86514,83151],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86517,86518,86519,86521],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86520,84450],{},", these quick checks can help:",[52,86523,86525],{"className":54,"code":86524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86526,86527,86541,86551,86565,86579,86601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86528,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86530,127],{"class":126},[61,86532,113],{"class":75},[61,86534,648],{"class":109},[61,86536,113],{"class":75},[61,86538,9429],{"class":116},[61,86540,480],{"class":75},[61,86542,86543,86545,86547,86549],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86544,127],{"class":126},[61,86546,113],{"class":75},[61,86548,9429],{"class":116},[61,86550,120],{"class":75},[61,86552,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,86554,127],{"class":126},[61,86556,113],{"class":75},[61,86558,1948],{"class":126},[61,86560,113],{"class":75},[61,86562,9429],{"class":116},[61,86564,480],{"class":75},[61,86566,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,86568,127],{"class":126},[61,86570,113],{"class":75},[61,86572,84875],{"class":126},[61,86574,113],{"class":75},[61,86576,9429],{"class":116},[61,86578,480],{"class":75},[61,86580,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,86582,127],{"class":126},[61,86584,113],{"class":75},[61,86586,84875],{"class":126},[61,86588,113],{"class":75},[61,86590,9429],{"class":116},[61,86592,83],{"class":75},[61,86594,26744],{"class":9400},[61,86596,72],{"class":71},[61,86598,4012],{"class":1523},[61,86600,480],{"class":75},[61,86602,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,86604,127],{"class":126},[61,86606,113],{"class":75},[61,86608,84875],{"class":126},[61,86610,113],{"class":75},[61,86612,4340],{"class":116},[61,86614,83],{"class":75},[61,86616,21799],{"class":9400},[61,86618,72],{"class":71},[61,86620,1948],{"class":126},[61,86622,480],{"class":75},[14,86624,86625,86626,86629,86630,86632],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86627,86628],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86631,9429],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[47,86634,1987],{"id":1986},[819,86636,5371,86638,5374],{"id":86637},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86639,84450],{},[14,86641,86642],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[819,86644,5398,86646,84631],{"id":86645},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86647,84450],{},[14,86649,86650],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[819,86652,71863],{"id":71862},[14,86654,86655,52718,86657,84643,86659,36843],{},[18,86656,84450],{},[18,86658,40926],{},[18,86660,83151],{},[819,86662,5371,86664,86666,86667,2735],{"id":86663},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86665,15062],{}," do in ",[18,86668,84450],{},[14,86670,86671,86673,86674,86676],{},[18,86672,15062],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86675,83704],{}," compares strings by length.",[819,86678,5408,86680,4621,86682,2735],{"id":86679},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86681,84450],{},[18,86683,74641],{},[14,86685,86686,86688,86689,86691],{},[18,86687,84450],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86690,74641],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[47,86693,2144],{"id":2143},[34,86695,86696,86702,86708,86714,86718,86722],{},[37,86697,86698],{},[334,86699,86700,3741],{"href":86478},[18,86701,82796],{},[37,86703,86704],{},[334,86705,86706,3741],{"href":74738},[18,86707,74641],{},[37,86709,86710],{},[334,86711,86712,3741],{"href":42581},[18,86713,42584],{},[37,86715,86716],{},[334,86717,80088],{"href":78591},[37,86719,86720],{},[334,86721,59181],{"href":59180},[37,86723,86724],{},[334,86725,66056],{"href":73095},[2169,86727,86728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":86730},[86731,86732,86734,86740,86742,86744,86749,86751,86757,86759,86760,86771],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":84934,"depth":101,"text":86733},"What min() does",{"id":84955,"depth":101,"text":84956,"children":86735},[86736,86737,86738,86739],{"id":85040,"depth":123,"text":85043},{"id":85102,"depth":123,"text":85105},{"id":85152,"depth":123,"text":85155},{"id":85246,"depth":123,"text":85249},{"id":85308,"depth":101,"text":86741},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85443,"depth":101,"text":86743},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85590,"depth":101,"text":86745,"children":86746},"Using min() with a key function",[86747,86748],{"id":85618,"depth":123,"text":85619},{"id":85693,"depth":123,"text":85694},{"id":85915,"depth":101,"text":86750},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10964,"depth":101,"text":10965,"children":86752},[86753,86755,86756],{"id":86057,"depth":123,"text":86754},"Empty list without default",{"id":86147,"depth":123,"text":86148},{"id":86300,"depth":123,"text":86301},{"id":86447,"depth":101,"text":86758},"When to use min()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":86761},[86762,86764,86766,86767,86769],{"id":86637,"depth":123,"text":86763},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86645,"depth":123,"text":86765},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71862,"depth":123,"text":71863},{"id":86663,"depth":123,"text":86768},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86679,"depth":123,"text":86770},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84817,"description":86772},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86779,"title":86780,"body":86781,"description":88960,"extension":2216,"meta":88961,"navigation":271,"path":88962,"seo":88963,"stem":88964,"__hash__":88965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86782,"toc":88924},[86783,86786,86792,86798,86800,86881,86890,86894,86899,86901,86946,86948,87028,87034,87036,87039,87071,87073,87091,87093,87166,87168,87187,87191,87194,87230,87232,87299,87373,87446,87451,87455,87461,87464,87481,87484,87486,87547,87549,87569,87575,87579,87582,87652,87655,87674,87679,87755,87758,87762,87768,87772,87777,87847,87851,87856,87930,87934,87937,88012,88023,88027,88032,88122,88127,88195,88198,88217,88228,88232,88235,88240,88243,88305,88308,88319,88324,88327,88330,88335,88338,88341,88345,88348,88354,88357,88368,88370,88432,88447,88453,88456,88459,88470,88481,88487,88490,88492,88554,88564,88570,88575,88581,88585,88591,88594,88615,88617,88622,88649,88652,88679,88682,88721,88724,88762,88765,88826,88829,88831,88835,88838,88842,88848,88856,88864,88868,88871,88875,88881,88883,88921],[10,86784,86780],{"id":86785},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86787,86788,86791],{},[18,86789,86790],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86793,86794,86795,86797],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86796,86790],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[47,86799,50],{"id":49},[52,86801,86803],{"className":54,"code":86802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86804,86805,86854,86870],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86806,86807,86810,86813,86815,86817,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86835,86837,86839,86842,86844,86846,86848,86852],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86808,86809],{"class":1490},"with",[61,86811,86812],{"class":126}," open",[61,86814,113],{"class":75},[61,86816,215],{"class":214},[61,86818,86819],{"class":218},"example.txt",[61,86821,215],{"class":214},[61,86823,83],{"class":75},[61,86825,226],{"class":214},[61,86827,60726],{"class":218},[61,86829,215],{"class":214},[61,86831,83],{"class":75},[61,86833,86834],{"class":9400}," encoding",[61,86836,72],{"class":71},[61,86838,215],{"class":214},[61,86840,86841],{"class":218},"utf-8",[61,86843,215],{"class":214},[61,86845,3893],{"class":75},[61,86847,47581],{"class":1490},[61,86849,86851],{"class":86850},"sMMDD"," file",[61,86853,6621],{"class":75},[61,86855,86856,86859,86861,86863,86865,86868],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86857,86858],{"class":67},"    content ",[61,86860,72],{"class":71},[61,86862,86851],{"class":86850},[61,86864,26],{"class":75},[61,86866,86867],{"class":116},"read",[61,86869,628],{"class":75},[61,86871,86872,86874,86876,86879],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,86873,8299],{"class":126},[61,86875,113],{"class":75},[61,86877,86878],{"class":116},"content",[61,86880,120],{"class":75},[14,86882,165,86883,86885,86886,86889],{},[18,86884,86809],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86887,86888],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[47,86891,86893],{"id":86892},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86895,86896,86898],{},[18,86897,86790],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86900,11679],{},[34,86902,86903,86906,86911,86916],{},[37,86904,86905],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[37,86907,41128,86908,86910],{},[23,86909,704],{}," read or write anything by itself",[37,86912,17643,86913],{},[23,86914,86915],{},"file object",[37,86917,86918,86919],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[34,86920,86921,86926,86931,86936,86941],{},[37,86922,86923],{},[18,86924,86925],{},"read()",[37,86927,86928],{},[18,86929,86930],{},"readline()",[37,86932,86933],{},[18,86934,86935],{},"readlines()",[37,86937,86938],{},[18,86939,86940],{},"write()",[37,86942,86943],{},[18,86944,86945],{},"close()",[14,86947,197],{},[52,86949,86951],{"className":54,"code":86950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86952,86953,86992,87007,87017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,86954,86955,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,86956,86957],{"class":86850},"file",[61,86959,13498],{"class":71},[61,86961,86812],{"class":126},[61,86963,113],{"class":75},[61,86965,215],{"class":214},[61,86967,86819],{"class":218},[61,86969,215],{"class":214},[61,86971,83],{"class":75},[61,86973,226],{"class":214},[61,86975,60726],{"class":218},[61,86977,215],{"class":214},[61,86979,83],{"class":75},[61,86981,86834],{"class":9400},[61,86983,72],{"class":71},[61,86985,215],{"class":214},[61,86987,86841],{"class":218},[61,86989,215],{"class":214},[61,86991,120],{"class":75},[61,86993,86994,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,86995,86996],{"class":67},"content ",[61,86998,72],{"class":71},[61,87000,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87002,26],{"class":75},[61,87004,86867],{"class":116},[61,87006,628],{"class":75},[61,87008,87009,87011,87013,87015],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87010,127],{"class":126},[61,87012,113],{"class":75},[61,87014,86878],{"class":116},[61,87016,120],{"class":75},[61,87018,87019,87021,87023,87026],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,87020,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87022,26],{"class":75},[61,87024,87025],{"class":116},"close",[61,87027,628],{"class":75},[14,87029,87030,87031,87033],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,87032,86809],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[47,87035,341],{"id":340},[14,87037,87038],{},"A common form is:",[52,87040,87042],{"className":54,"code":87041,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,87043,87044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87045,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87047,42650],{"class":126},[61,87049,113],{"class":75},[61,87051,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87053,83],{"class":75},[61,87055,87056],{"class":116}," mode",[61,87058,83],{"class":75},[61,87060,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87062,72],{"class":71},[61,87064,215],{"class":214},[61,87066,86841],{"class":218},[61,87068,215],{"class":214},[61,87070,120],{"class":75},[14,87072,65263],{},[34,87074,87075,87080,87085],{},[37,87076,87077,87079],{},[18,87078,86957],{}," is the file name or file path",[37,87081,87082,87084],{},[18,87083,21139],{}," controls how the file is opened",[37,87086,87087,87090],{},[18,87088,87089],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,87092,197],{},[52,87094,87096],{"className":54,"code":87095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,87097,87098,87141,87156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87101,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87103,86812],{"class":126},[61,87105,113],{"class":75},[61,87107,215],{"class":214},[61,87109,87110],{"class":218},"notes.txt",[61,87112,215],{"class":214},[61,87114,83],{"class":75},[61,87116,226],{"class":214},[61,87118,60726],{"class":218},[61,87120,215],{"class":214},[61,87122,83],{"class":75},[61,87124,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87126,72],{"class":71},[61,87128,215],{"class":214},[61,87130,86841],{"class":218},[61,87132,215],{"class":214},[61,87134,3893],{"class":75},[61,87136,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87138,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87140,6621],{"class":75},[61,87142,87143,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87144,87145],{"class":67},"    text ",[61,87147,72],{"class":71},[61,87149,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87151,26],{"class":75},[61,87153,86867],{"class":116},[61,87155,628],{"class":75},[61,87157,87158,87160,87162,87164],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87159,8299],{"class":126},[61,87161,113],{"class":75},[61,87163,1056],{"class":116},[61,87165,120],{"class":75},[14,87167,20177],{},[34,87169,87170,87176,87181],{},[37,87171,87172,87175],{},[18,87173,87174],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[37,87177,87178,87180],{},[18,87179,86888],{}," means open for reading",[37,87182,87183,87186],{},[18,87184,87185],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[47,87188,87190],{"id":87189},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87192,87193],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[34,87195,87196,87201,87207,87212,87218,87224],{},[37,87197,87198,87200],{},[18,87199,86888],{}," = read a text file",[37,87202,87203,87206],{},[18,87204,87205],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[37,87208,87209,87211],{},[18,87210,18315],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[37,87213,87214,87217],{},[18,87215,87216],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[37,87219,87220,87223],{},[18,87221,87222],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[37,87225,87226,87229],{},[18,87227,87228],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87231,400],{},[52,87233,87235],{"className":54,"code":87234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87236,87237,87242,87285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87238,87239],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87240,87241],{"class":3896},"# Read a text file\n",[61,87243,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87245,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87247,86812],{"class":126},[61,87249,113],{"class":75},[61,87251,215],{"class":214},[61,87253,87254],{"class":218},"data.txt",[61,87256,215],{"class":214},[61,87258,83],{"class":75},[61,87260,226],{"class":214},[61,87262,60726],{"class":218},[61,87264,215],{"class":214},[61,87266,83],{"class":75},[61,87268,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87270,72],{"class":71},[61,87272,215],{"class":214},[61,87274,86841],{"class":218},[61,87276,215],{"class":214},[61,87278,3893],{"class":75},[61,87280,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87282,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87284,6621],{"class":75},[61,87286,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87288,8299],{"class":126},[61,87290,113],{"class":75},[61,87292,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87294,26],{"class":75},[61,87296,86867],{"class":116},[61,87298,7424],{"class":75},[52,87300,87302],{"className":54,"code":87301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87303,87304,87309,87351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87305,87306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87307,87308],{"class":3896},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[61,87310,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87312,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87314,86812],{"class":126},[61,87316,113],{"class":75},[61,87318,215],{"class":214},[61,87320,87254],{"class":218},[61,87322,215],{"class":214},[61,87324,83],{"class":75},[61,87326,226],{"class":214},[61,87328,60709],{"class":218},[61,87330,215],{"class":214},[61,87332,83],{"class":75},[61,87334,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87336,72],{"class":71},[61,87338,215],{"class":214},[61,87340,86841],{"class":218},[61,87342,215],{"class":214},[61,87344,3893],{"class":75},[61,87346,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87348,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87350,6621],{"class":75},[61,87352,87353,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87369,87371],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87354,87355],{"class":86850},"    file",[61,87357,26],{"class":75},[61,87359,70412],{"class":116},[61,87361,113],{"class":75},[61,87363,215],{"class":214},[61,87365,35088],{"class":218},[61,87367,87368],{"class":34675},"\\n",[61,87370,215],{"class":214},[61,87372,120],{"class":75},[52,87374,87376],{"className":54,"code":87375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87377,87378,87383,87425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87379,87380],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87381,87382],{"class":3896},"# Append to a text file\n",[61,87384,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87386,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87388,86812],{"class":126},[61,87390,113],{"class":75},[61,87392,215],{"class":214},[61,87394,87254],{"class":218},[61,87396,215],{"class":214},[61,87398,83],{"class":75},[61,87400,226],{"class":214},[61,87402,334],{"class":218},[61,87404,215],{"class":214},[61,87406,83],{"class":75},[61,87408,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87410,72],{"class":71},[61,87412,215],{"class":214},[61,87414,86841],{"class":218},[61,87416,215],{"class":214},[61,87418,3893],{"class":75},[61,87420,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87422,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87424,6621],{"class":75},[61,87426,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87440,87442,87444],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87428,87355],{"class":86850},[61,87430,26],{"class":75},[61,87432,70412],{"class":116},[61,87434,113],{"class":75},[61,87436,215],{"class":214},[61,87438,87439],{"class":218},"Another line",[61,87441,87368],{"class":34675},[61,87443,215],{"class":214},[61,87445,120],{"class":75},[14,87447,69564,87448,87450],{},[18,87449,87205],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[47,87452,87454],{"id":87453},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87456,87457,22195,87459,26],{},[18,87458,86790],{},[23,87460,86915],{},[14,87462,87463],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[34,87465,87466,87471,87476],{},[37,87467,87468],{},[18,87469,87470],{},"file.read()",[37,87472,87473],{},[18,87474,87475],{},"file.write()",[37,87477,87478],{},[18,87479,87480],{},"file.close()",[14,87482,87483],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87485,197],{},[52,87487,87489],{"className":54,"code":87488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87490,87491,87533],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87492,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87494,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87496,86812],{"class":126},[61,87498,113],{"class":75},[61,87500,215],{"class":214},[61,87502,86819],{"class":218},[61,87504,215],{"class":214},[61,87506,83],{"class":75},[61,87508,226],{"class":214},[61,87510,60726],{"class":218},[61,87512,215],{"class":214},[61,87514,83],{"class":75},[61,87516,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87518,72],{"class":71},[61,87520,215],{"class":214},[61,87522,86841],{"class":218},[61,87524,215],{"class":214},[61,87526,3893],{"class":75},[61,87528,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87530,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87532,6621],{"class":75},[61,87534,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87536,8299],{"class":126},[61,87538,113],{"class":75},[61,87540,648],{"class":109},[61,87542,113],{"class":75},[61,87544,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87546,480],{"class":75},[14,87548,287],{},[52,87550,87552],{"className":54,"code":87551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87553,87554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87555,87556,87558,87560,87562,87565,87567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87557,672],{"class":71},[61,87559,676],{"class":675},[61,87561,308],{"class":214},[61,87563,87564],{"class":218},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[61,87566,299],{"class":214},[61,87568,685],{"class":71},[14,87570,87571,87572,87574],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87573,86790],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[47,87576,87578],{"id":87577},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87580,87581],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[52,87583,87584],{"className":54,"code":86802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87585,87586,87628,87642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87587,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87589,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87591,86812],{"class":126},[61,87593,113],{"class":75},[61,87595,215],{"class":214},[61,87597,86819],{"class":218},[61,87599,215],{"class":214},[61,87601,83],{"class":75},[61,87603,226],{"class":214},[61,87605,60726],{"class":218},[61,87607,215],{"class":214},[61,87609,83],{"class":75},[61,87611,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87613,72],{"class":71},[61,87615,215],{"class":214},[61,87617,86841],{"class":218},[61,87619,215],{"class":214},[61,87621,3893],{"class":75},[61,87623,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87625,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87627,6621],{"class":75},[61,87629,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87631,86858],{"class":67},[61,87633,72],{"class":71},[61,87635,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87637,26],{"class":75},[61,87639,86867],{"class":116},[61,87641,628],{"class":75},[61,87643,87644,87646,87648,87650],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87645,8299],{"class":126},[61,87647,113],{"class":75},[61,87649,86878],{"class":116},[61,87651,120],{"class":75},[14,87653,87654],{},"Why this is recommended:",[34,87656,87657,87662,87668,87671],{},[37,87658,87659,87661],{},[18,87660,86809],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[37,87663,87664,87665,87667],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87666,86945],{}," yourself",[37,87669,87670],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[37,87672,87673],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87675,83967,87676,87678],{},[18,87677,86809],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[52,87680,87681],{"className":54,"code":86950,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87682,87683,87721,87735,87745],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87684,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87686,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87688,13498],{"class":71},[61,87690,86812],{"class":126},[61,87692,113],{"class":75},[61,87694,215],{"class":214},[61,87696,86819],{"class":218},[61,87698,215],{"class":214},[61,87700,83],{"class":75},[61,87702,226],{"class":214},[61,87704,60726],{"class":218},[61,87706,215],{"class":214},[61,87708,83],{"class":75},[61,87710,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87712,72],{"class":71},[61,87714,215],{"class":214},[61,87716,86841],{"class":218},[61,87718,215],{"class":214},[61,87720,120],{"class":75},[61,87722,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87724,86996],{"class":67},[61,87726,72],{"class":71},[61,87728,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87730,26],{"class":75},[61,87732,86867],{"class":116},[61,87734,628],{"class":75},[61,87736,87737,87739,87741,87743],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87738,127],{"class":126},[61,87740,113],{"class":75},[61,87742,86878],{"class":116},[61,87744,120],{"class":75},[61,87746,87747,87749,87751,87753],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,87748,86957],{"class":86850},[61,87750,26],{"class":75},[61,87752,87025],{"class":116},[61,87754,628],{"class":75},[14,87756,87757],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[47,87759,87761],{"id":87760},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87763,87764,87765,87767],{},"Use mode ",[18,87766,86888],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[819,87769,87771],{"id":87770},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87773,87774,87776],{},[18,87775,86925],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[52,87778,87779],{"className":54,"code":86802,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,87780,87781,87823,87837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87782,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87784,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87786,86812],{"class":126},[61,87788,113],{"class":75},[61,87790,215],{"class":214},[61,87792,86819],{"class":218},[61,87794,215],{"class":214},[61,87796,83],{"class":75},[61,87798,226],{"class":214},[61,87800,60726],{"class":218},[61,87802,215],{"class":214},[61,87804,83],{"class":75},[61,87806,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87808,72],{"class":71},[61,87810,215],{"class":214},[61,87812,86841],{"class":218},[61,87814,215],{"class":214},[61,87816,3893],{"class":75},[61,87818,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87820,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87822,6621],{"class":75},[61,87824,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87826,86858],{"class":67},[61,87828,72],{"class":71},[61,87830,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87832,26],{"class":75},[61,87834,86867],{"class":116},[61,87836,628],{"class":75},[61,87838,87839,87841,87843,87845],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87840,8299],{"class":126},[61,87842,113],{"class":75},[61,87844,86878],{"class":116},[61,87846,120],{"class":75},[819,87848,87850],{"id":87849},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87852,87853,87855],{},[18,87854,86930],{}," reads one line at a time.",[52,87857,87859],{"className":54,"code":87858,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87860,87861,87903,87919],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87862,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87864,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87866,86812],{"class":126},[61,87868,113],{"class":75},[61,87870,215],{"class":214},[61,87872,86819],{"class":218},[61,87874,215],{"class":214},[61,87876,83],{"class":75},[61,87878,226],{"class":214},[61,87880,60726],{"class":218},[61,87882,215],{"class":214},[61,87884,83],{"class":75},[61,87886,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87888,72],{"class":71},[61,87890,215],{"class":214},[61,87892,86841],{"class":218},[61,87894,215],{"class":214},[61,87896,3893],{"class":75},[61,87898,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87900,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87902,6621],{"class":75},[61,87904,87905,87908,87910,87912,87914,87917],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87906,87907],{"class":67},"    first_line ",[61,87909,72],{"class":71},[61,87911,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87913,26],{"class":75},[61,87915,87916],{"class":116},"readline",[61,87918,628],{"class":75},[61,87920,87921,87923,87925,87928],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,87922,8299],{"class":126},[61,87924,113],{"class":75},[61,87926,87927],{"class":116},"first_line",[61,87929,120],{"class":75},[819,87931,87933],{"id":87932},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87935,87936],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[52,87938,87940],{"className":54,"code":87939,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87941,87942,87984,87998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,87943,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,87945,86809],{"class":1490},[61,87947,86812],{"class":126},[61,87949,113],{"class":75},[61,87951,215],{"class":214},[61,87953,86819],{"class":218},[61,87955,215],{"class":214},[61,87957,83],{"class":75},[61,87959,226],{"class":214},[61,87961,60726],{"class":218},[61,87963,215],{"class":214},[61,87965,83],{"class":75},[61,87967,86834],{"class":9400},[61,87969,72],{"class":71},[61,87971,215],{"class":214},[61,87973,86841],{"class":218},[61,87975,215],{"class":214},[61,87977,3893],{"class":75},[61,87979,47581],{"class":1490},[61,87981,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87983,6621],{"class":75},[61,87985,87986,87989,87992,87994,87996],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,87987,87988],{"class":1490},"    for",[61,87990,87991],{"class":67}," line ",[61,87993,1433],{"class":1490},[61,87995,86851],{"class":86850},[61,87997,6621],{"class":75},[61,87999,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,88001,47561],{"class":126},[61,88003,113],{"class":75},[61,88005,63],{"class":116},[61,88007,26],{"class":75},[61,88009,8864],{"class":116},[61,88011,7424],{"class":75},[14,88013,88014,88015,1881,88019,26],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[334,88016,88018],{"href":88017},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[334,88020,88022],{"href":88021},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[47,88024,88026],{"id":88025},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,88028,165,88029,88031],{},[18,88030,87205],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[52,88033,88035],{"className":54,"code":88034,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,88036,88037,88080,88101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88038,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88040,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88042,86812],{"class":126},[61,88044,113],{"class":75},[61,88046,215],{"class":214},[61,88048,88049],{"class":218},"output.txt",[61,88051,215],{"class":214},[61,88053,83],{"class":75},[61,88055,226],{"class":214},[61,88057,60709],{"class":218},[61,88059,215],{"class":214},[61,88061,83],{"class":75},[61,88063,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88065,72],{"class":71},[61,88067,215],{"class":214},[61,88069,86841],{"class":218},[61,88071,215],{"class":214},[61,88073,3893],{"class":75},[61,88075,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88077,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88079,6621],{"class":75},[61,88081,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88095,88097,88099],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88083,87355],{"class":86850},[61,88085,26],{"class":75},[61,88087,70412],{"class":116},[61,88089,113],{"class":75},[61,88091,215],{"class":214},[61,88093,88094],{"class":218},"First line",[61,88096,87368],{"class":34675},[61,88098,215],{"class":214},[61,88100,120],{"class":75},[61,88102,88103,88105,88107,88109,88111,88113,88116,88118,88120],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,88104,87355],{"class":86850},[61,88106,26],{"class":75},[61,88108,70412],{"class":116},[61,88110,113],{"class":75},[61,88112,215],{"class":214},[61,88114,88115],{"class":218},"Second line",[61,88117,87368],{"class":34675},[61,88119,215],{"class":214},[61,88121,120],{"class":75},[14,88123,165,88124,88126],{},[18,88125,18315],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[52,88128,88130],{"className":54,"code":88129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,88131,88132,88174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88133,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88135,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88137,86812],{"class":126},[61,88139,113],{"class":75},[61,88141,215],{"class":214},[61,88143,88049],{"class":218},[61,88145,215],{"class":214},[61,88147,83],{"class":75},[61,88149,226],{"class":214},[61,88151,334],{"class":218},[61,88153,215],{"class":214},[61,88155,83],{"class":75},[61,88157,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88159,72],{"class":71},[61,88161,215],{"class":214},[61,88163,86841],{"class":218},[61,88165,215],{"class":214},[61,88167,3893],{"class":75},[61,88169,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88171,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88173,6621],{"class":75},[61,88175,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88189,88191,88193],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88177,87355],{"class":86850},[61,88179,26],{"class":75},[61,88181,70412],{"class":116},[61,88183,113],{"class":75},[61,88185,215],{"class":214},[61,88187,88188],{"class":218},"Third line",[61,88190,87368],{"class":34675},[61,88192,215],{"class":214},[61,88194,120],{"class":75},[14,88196,88197],{},"Important detail:",[34,88199,88200,88205,88212],{},[37,88201,88202,88204],{},[18,88203,86940],{}," writes a string",[37,88206,88207,14274,88209,88211],{},[18,88208,86940],{},[23,88210,704],{}," add a newline for you",[37,88213,88214,88215,87667],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,88216,87368],{},[14,88218,88219,88220,1881,88224,26],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[334,88221,88223],{"href":88222},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[334,88225,88227],{"href":88226},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[47,88229,88231],{"id":88230},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88233,88234],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[819,88236,88238],{"id":88237},"encodingutf-8",[18,88239,87185],{},[14,88241,88242],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[52,88244,88246],{"className":54,"code":88245,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88247,88248,88291],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88249,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88251,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88253,86812],{"class":126},[61,88255,113],{"class":75},[61,88257,215],{"class":214},[61,88259,88260],{"class":218},"message.txt",[61,88262,215],{"class":214},[61,88264,83],{"class":75},[61,88266,226],{"class":214},[61,88268,60726],{"class":218},[61,88270,215],{"class":214},[61,88272,83],{"class":75},[61,88274,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88276,72],{"class":71},[61,88278,215],{"class":214},[61,88280,86841],{"class":218},[61,88282,215],{"class":214},[61,88284,3893],{"class":75},[61,88286,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88288,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88290,6621],{"class":75},[61,88292,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301,88303],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88294,8299],{"class":126},[61,88296,113],{"class":75},[61,88298,86957],{"class":86850},[61,88300,26],{"class":75},[61,88302,86867],{"class":116},[61,88304,7424],{"class":75},[14,88306,88307],{},"Why it matters:",[34,88309,88310,88313,88316],{},[37,88311,88312],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[37,88314,88315],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[37,88317,88318],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[819,88320,88322],{"id":88321},"newline",[18,88323,88321],{},[14,88325,88326],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88328,88329],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[819,88331,88333],{"id":88332},"buffering",[18,88334,88332],{},[14,88336,88337],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88339,88340],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[47,88342,88344],{"id":88343},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88346,88347],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[819,88349,88351],{"id":88350},"filenotfounderror",[18,88352,88353],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88355,88356],{},"This happens when:",[34,88358,88359,88362,88365],{},[37,88360,88361],{},"the file does not exist",[37,88363,88364],{},"the path is wrong",[37,88366,88367],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88369,197],{},[52,88371,88373],{"className":54,"code":88372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88374,88375,88418],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88376,88377,88379,88381,88383,88385,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88378,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88380,86812],{"class":126},[61,88382,113],{"class":75},[61,88384,215],{"class":214},[61,88386,88387],{"class":218},"missing.txt",[61,88389,215],{"class":214},[61,88391,83],{"class":75},[61,88393,226],{"class":214},[61,88395,60726],{"class":218},[61,88397,215],{"class":214},[61,88399,83],{"class":75},[61,88401,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88403,72],{"class":71},[61,88405,215],{"class":214},[61,88407,86841],{"class":218},[61,88409,215],{"class":214},[61,88411,3893],{"class":75},[61,88413,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88415,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88417,6621],{"class":75},[61,88419,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88421,8299],{"class":126},[61,88423,113],{"class":75},[61,88425,86957],{"class":86850},[61,88427,26],{"class":75},[61,88429,86867],{"class":116},[61,88431,7424],{"class":75},[14,88433,88434,88435,4621,88443,26],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[334,88436,88438,88439,88442],{"href":88437},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[61,88440,88441],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[334,88444,88446],{"href":88445},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[819,88448,88450],{"id":88449},"permissionerror",[18,88451,88452],{},"PermissionError",[14,88454,88455],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88457,88458],{},"Example causes:",[34,88460,88461,88464,88467],{},[37,88462,88463],{},"the file is protected",[37,88465,88466],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[37,88468,88469],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88471,88472,88473],{},"Related page: ",[334,88474,88476,88477,88480],{"href":88475},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[61,88478,88479],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[819,88482,88484],{"id":88483},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88485,88486],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88488,88489],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88491,197],{},[52,88493,88495],{"className":54,"code":88494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88496,88497,88540],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88498,88499,88501,88503,88505,88507,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88500,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88502,86812],{"class":126},[61,88504,113],{"class":75},[61,88506,215],{"class":214},[61,88508,88509],{"class":218},"my_folder",[61,88511,215],{"class":214},[61,88513,83],{"class":75},[61,88515,226],{"class":214},[61,88517,60726],{"class":218},[61,88519,215],{"class":214},[61,88521,83],{"class":75},[61,88523,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88525,72],{"class":71},[61,88527,215],{"class":214},[61,88529,86841],{"class":218},[61,88531,215],{"class":214},[61,88533,3893],{"class":75},[61,88535,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88537,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88539,6621],{"class":75},[61,88541,88542,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88543,8299],{"class":126},[61,88545,113],{"class":75},[61,88547,86957],{"class":86850},[61,88549,26],{"class":75},[61,88551,86867],{"class":116},[61,88553,7424],{"class":75},[14,88555,88472,88556],{},[334,88557,88559,88560,88563],{"href":88558},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[61,88561,88562],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[819,88565,88567],{"id":88566},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88568,88569],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88571,88572,88573,26],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88574,86790],{},[14,88576,88472,88577],{},[334,88578,88580],{"href":88579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[47,88582,88584],{"id":88583},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88586,88587,88588,88590],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88589,86790],{}," function.",[14,88592,88593],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[34,88595,88596,88599,88602,88608],{},[37,88597,88598],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[37,88600,88601],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[37,88603,88604,88605,88607],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88606,86790],{}," itself",[37,88609,88610,88611],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[334,88612,88614],{"href":88613},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[47,88616,1741],{"id":1740},[14,88618,88619,88620,378],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88621,86790],{},[34,88623,88624,88629,88635,88640,88643,88646],{},[37,88625,1750,88626,88628],{},[18,88627,86888],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[37,88630,88631,88632,88634],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88633,87089],{}," for text files",[37,88636,1750,88637,88639],{},[18,88638,87205],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[37,88641,88642],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[37,88644,88645],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[37,88647,88648],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88650,88651],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[52,88653,88655],{"className":54,"code":88654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88656,88657,88664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88658,88659,88661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88660,35312],{"class":1490},[61,88662,88663],{"class":67}," os\n",[61,88665,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88677],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88667,127],{"class":126},[61,88669,113],{"class":75},[61,88671,42849],{"class":116},[61,88673,26],{"class":75},[61,88675,88676],{"class":116},"getcwd",[61,88678,7424],{"class":75},[14,88680,88681],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[52,88683,88685],{"className":54,"code":88684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88686,88687,88693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88688,88689,88691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88690,35312],{"class":1490},[61,88692,88663],{"class":67},[61,88694,88695,88697,88699,88701,88703,88706,88708,88711,88713,88715,88717,88719],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88696,127],{"class":126},[61,88698,113],{"class":75},[61,88700,42849],{"class":116},[61,88702,26],{"class":75},[61,88704,88705],{"class":24971},"path",[61,88707,26],{"class":75},[61,88709,88710],{"class":116},"exists",[61,88712,113],{"class":75},[61,88714,215],{"class":214},[61,88716,86819],{"class":218},[61,88718,215],{"class":214},[61,88720,480],{"class":75},[14,88722,88723],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[52,88725,88727],{"className":54,"code":88726,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88728,88729,88735],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88730,88731,88733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88732,35312],{"class":1490},[61,88734,88663],{"class":67},[61,88736,88737,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747,88749,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88738,127],{"class":126},[61,88740,113],{"class":75},[61,88742,42849],{"class":116},[61,88744,26],{"class":75},[61,88746,88705],{"class":24971},[61,88748,26],{"class":75},[61,88750,88751],{"class":116},"isfile",[61,88753,113],{"class":75},[61,88755,215],{"class":214},[61,88757,86819],{"class":218},[61,88759,215],{"class":214},[61,88761,480],{"class":75},[14,88763,88764],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[52,88766,88768],{"className":54,"code":88767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88769,88770,88812],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88771,88772,88774,88776,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88773,86809],{"class":1490},[61,88775,86812],{"class":126},[61,88777,113],{"class":75},[61,88779,215],{"class":214},[61,88781,86819],{"class":218},[61,88783,215],{"class":214},[61,88785,83],{"class":75},[61,88787,226],{"class":214},[61,88789,60726],{"class":218},[61,88791,215],{"class":214},[61,88793,83],{"class":75},[61,88795,86834],{"class":9400},[61,88797,72],{"class":71},[61,88799,215],{"class":214},[61,88801,86841],{"class":218},[61,88803,215],{"class":214},[61,88805,3893],{"class":75},[61,88807,47581],{"class":1490},[61,88809,86851],{"class":86850},[61,88811,6621],{"class":75},[61,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,88815,8299],{"class":126},[61,88817,113],{"class":75},[61,88819,86957],{"class":86850},[61,88821,26],{"class":75},[61,88823,86867],{"class":116},[61,88825,7424],{"class":75},[14,88827,88828],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[47,88830,1987],{"id":1986},[819,88832,88834],{"id":88833},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88836,88837],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[819,88839,88841],{"id":88840},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88843,88844,88845,88847],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88846,86809],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[819,88849,5408,88851,4621,88853,88855],{"id":88850},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88852,87205],{},[18,88854,18315],{}," mode?",[14,88857,88858,88860,88861,88863],{},[18,88859,87205],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88862,18315],{}," adds new content to the end.",[819,88865,88867],{"id":88866},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88869,88870],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[819,88872,88874],{"id":88873},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88876,88877,88878,88880],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88879,87185],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[47,88882,2144],{"id":2143},[34,88884,88885,88889,88893,88897,88901,88905,88909,88915],{},[37,88886,88887],{},[334,88888,88018],{"href":88017},[37,88890,88891],{},[334,88892,88223],{"href":88222},[37,88894,88895],{},[334,88896,88227],{"href":88226},[37,88898,88899],{},[334,88900,88022],{"href":88021},[37,88902,88903],{},[334,88904,88614],{"href":88613},[37,88906,88907],{},[334,88908,88446],{"href":88445},[37,88910,88911],{},[334,88912,88438,88913,88442],{"href":88437},[61,88914,88441],{},[37,88916,88917],{},[334,88918,88476,88919,88480],{"href":88475},[61,88920,88479],{},[2169,88922,88923],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":88925},[88926,88927,88928,88929,88930,88931,88932,88937,88938,88943,88949,88950,88951,88959],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":86892,"depth":101,"text":86893},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":87189,"depth":101,"text":87190},{"id":87453,"depth":101,"text":87454},{"id":87577,"depth":101,"text":87578},{"id":87760,"depth":101,"text":87761,"children":88933},[88934,88935,88936],{"id":87770,"depth":123,"text":87771},{"id":87849,"depth":123,"text":87850},{"id":87932,"depth":123,"text":87933},{"id":88025,"depth":101,"text":88026},{"id":88230,"depth":101,"text":88231,"children":88939},[88940,88941,88942],{"id":88237,"depth":123,"text":87185},{"id":88321,"depth":123,"text":88321},{"id":88332,"depth":123,"text":88332},{"id":88343,"depth":101,"text":88344,"children":88944},[88945,88946,88947,88948],{"id":88350,"depth":123,"text":88353},{"id":88449,"depth":123,"text":88452},{"id":88483,"depth":123,"text":88486},{"id":88566,"depth":123,"text":88569},{"id":88583,"depth":101,"text":88584},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":88952},[88953,88954,88955,88957,88958],{"id":88833,"depth":123,"text":88834},{"id":88840,"depth":123,"text":88841},{"id":88850,"depth":123,"text":88956},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88866,"depth":123,"text":88867},{"id":88873,"depth":123,"text":88874},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86780,"description":88960},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88967,"title":88968,"body":88969,"description":90963,"extension":2216,"meta":90964,"navigation":271,"path":90965,"seo":90966,"stem":90967,"__hash__":90968},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88970,"toc":90910},[88971,88976,88981,88987,88989,89057,89059,89078,89083,89088,89093,89096,89108,89110,89153,89155,89173,89184,89186,89188,89213,89215,89226,89228,89288,89290,89316,89319,89323,89328,89332,89335,89369,89373,89376,89401,89405,89428,89432,89465,89470,89474,89479,89482,89550,89552,89576,89581,89584,89615,89617,89649,89666,89670,89675,89699,89706,89711,89716,89719,89723,89758,89760,89769,89773,89864,89866,89897,89902,89909,89914,89923,89926,89960,89962,89976,89980,90021,90023,90032,90036,90084,90086,90100,90105,90116,90123,90129,90131,90166,90168,90182,90185,90207,90213,90242,90253,90259,90265,90279,90281,90360,90362,90412,90419,90421,90426,90430,90433,90448,90453,90455,90474,90480,90483,90498,90500,90518,90524,90529,90559,90562,90585,90588,90615,90622,90628,90636,90659,90664,90672,90674,90694,90698,90704,90754,90757,90778,90780,90786,90794,90800,90806,90814,90819,90823,90826,90849,90854,90861,90873,90875,90907],[10,88972,3808,88974,3812],{"id":88973},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88975,46676],{},[14,88977,32538,88978,88980],{},[18,88979,46676],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88982,88983,88984,88986],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88985,46676],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[47,88988,50],{"id":49},[52,88990,88992],{"className":54,"code":88991,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88993,88994,89006,89015,89019,89029,89039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,88995,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,88997,8106],{"class":67},[61,88999,72],{"class":71},[61,89001,226],{"class":214},[61,89003,8151],{"class":218},[61,89005,1043],{"class":214},[61,89007,89008,89010,89012],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89009,21848],{"class":67},[61,89011,72],{"class":71},[61,89013,89014],{"class":79}," 12\n",[61,89016,89017],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89018,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,89020,89021,89023,89025,89027],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,89022,127],{"class":126},[61,89024,113],{"class":75},[61,89026,7899],{"class":116},[61,89028,120],{"class":75},[61,89030,89031,89033,89035,89037],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,89032,127],{"class":126},[61,89034,113],{"class":75},[61,89036,9521],{"class":116},[61,89038,120],{"class":75},[61,89040,89041,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,89042,127],{"class":126},[61,89044,113],{"class":75},[61,89046,215],{"class":214},[61,89048,35088],{"class":218},[61,89050,215],{"class":214},[61,89052,83],{"class":75},[61,89054,36213],{"class":116},[61,89056,120],{"class":75},[14,89058,139],{},[52,89060,89062],{"className":54,"code":89061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,89063,89064,89069,89073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89065,89066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89067,89068],{"class":67},"Mia\n",[61,89070,89071],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89072,2472],{"class":79},[61,89074,89075],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89076,89077],{"class":67},"Hello Mia\n",[14,89079,165,89080,89082],{},[18,89081,46676],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[47,89084,3911,89086,3914],{"id":89085},"what-print-does",[18,89087,46676],{},[14,89089,89090,89092],{},[18,89091,46676],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,89094,89095],{},"You can use it to display:",[34,89097,89098,89100,89102,89105],{},[37,89099,1056],{},[37,89101,117],{},[37,89103,89104],{},"variables",[37,89106,89107],{},"expressions",[14,89109,197],{},[52,89111,89113],{"className":54,"code":89112,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,89114,89115,89129,89139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89118,127],{"class":126},[61,89120,113],{"class":75},[61,89122,215],{"class":214},[61,89124,35088],{"class":218},[61,89126,215],{"class":214},[61,89128,120],{"class":75},[61,89130,89131,89133,89135,89137],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89132,127],{"class":126},[61,89134,113],{"class":75},[61,89136,945],{"class":79},[61,89138,120],{"class":75},[61,89140,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149,89151],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89142,127],{"class":126},[61,89144,113],{"class":75},[61,89146,2310],{"class":79},[61,89148,2698],{"class":71},[61,89150,95],{"class":79},[61,89152,120],{"class":75},[14,89154,139],{},[52,89156,89158],{"className":54,"code":89157,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,89159,89160,89165,89169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89161,89162],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89163,89164],{"class":67},"Hello\n",[61,89166,89167],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89168,3186],{"class":79},[61,89170,89171],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89172,3186],{"class":79},[14,89174,89175,89176,89178,89179,89183],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,89177,46676],{}," ",[23,89180,3926,89181],{},[18,89182,4012],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[47,89185,341],{"id":340},[14,89187,30945],{},[52,89189,89191],{"className":54,"code":89190,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,89192,89193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89194,89195,89197,89199,89202,89204,89207,89209,89211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89196,127],{"class":126},[61,89198,113],{"class":75},[61,89200,89201],{"class":116},"object1",[61,89203,83],{"class":75},[61,89205,89206],{"class":116}," object2",[61,89208,83],{"class":75},[61,89210,34676],{"class":126},[61,89212,120],{"class":75},[14,89214,80418],{},[34,89216,89217,89220,89223],{},[37,89218,89219],{},"one value",[37,89221,89222],{},"many values",[37,89224,89225],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89227,197],{},[52,89229,89231],{"className":54,"code":89230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,89232,89233,89247,89266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89234,89235,89237,89239,89241,89243,89245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89236,127],{"class":126},[61,89238,113],{"class":75},[61,89240,215],{"class":214},[61,89242,57993],{"class":218},[61,89244,215],{"class":214},[61,89246,120],{"class":75},[61,89248,89249,89251,89253,89255,89258,89260,89262,89264],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89250,127],{"class":126},[61,89252,113],{"class":75},[61,89254,215],{"class":214},[61,89256,89257],{"class":218},"Score:",[61,89259,215],{"class":214},[61,89261,83],{"class":75},[61,89263,457],{"class":79},[61,89265,120],{"class":75},[61,89267,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89269,127],{"class":126},[61,89271,113],{"class":75},[61,89273,215],{"class":214},[61,89275,45787],{"class":218},[61,89277,215],{"class":214},[61,89279,83],{"class":75},[61,89281,1178],{"class":79},[61,89283,2698],{"class":71},[61,89285,37865],{"class":79},[61,89287,120],{"class":75},[14,89289,139],{},[52,89291,89293],{"className":54,"code":89292,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89294,89295,89299,89308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89296,89297],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89298,85571],{"class":67},[61,89300,89301,89304,89306],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89302,89303],{"class":67},"Score",[61,89305,378],{"class":75},[61,89307,2828],{"class":79},[61,89309,89310,89312,89314],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89311,45827],{"class":67},[61,89313,378],{"class":75},[61,89315,2828],{"class":79},[14,89317,89318],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[47,89320,89322],{"id":89321},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89324,89325,89326,26],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89327,46676],{},[819,89329,89331],{"id":89330},"print-text","Print text",[14,89333,89334],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[52,89336,89338],{"className":54,"code":89337,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89339,89340,89354],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89341,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350,89352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89343,127],{"class":126},[61,89345,113],{"class":75},[61,89347,215],{"class":214},[61,89349,35088],{"class":218},[61,89351,215],{"class":214},[61,89353,120],{"class":75},[61,89355,89356,89358,89360,89362,89365,89367],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89357,127],{"class":126},[61,89359,113],{"class":75},[61,89361,215],{"class":214},[61,89363,89364],{"class":218},"Python is fun",[61,89366,215],{"class":214},[61,89368,120],{"class":75},[819,89370,89372],{"id":89371},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89374,89375],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[52,89377,89379],{"className":54,"code":89378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89380,89381,89391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89382,89383,89385,89387,89389],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89384,127],{"class":126},[61,89386,113],{"class":75},[61,89388,945],{"class":79},[61,89390,120],{"class":75},[61,89392,89393,89395,89397,89399],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89394,127],{"class":126},[61,89396,113],{"class":75},[61,89398,40365],{"class":79},[61,89400,120],{"class":75},[819,89402,89404],{"id":89403},"print-variables","Print variables",[52,89406,89408],{"className":54,"code":89407,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89409,89410,89418],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89411,89412,89414,89416],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89413,5324],{"class":67},[61,89415,72],{"class":71},[61,89417,14351],{"class":79},[61,89419,89420,89422,89424,89426],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89421,127],{"class":126},[61,89423,113],{"class":75},[61,89425,85735],{"class":116},[61,89427,120],{"class":75},[819,89429,89431],{"id":89430},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[52,89433,89435],{"className":54,"code":89434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89436,89437,89451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89438,89439,89441,89443,89445,89447,89449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89440,127],{"class":126},[61,89442,113],{"class":75},[61,89444,2310],{"class":79},[61,89446,2698],{"class":71},[61,89448,95],{"class":79},[61,89450,120],{"class":75},[61,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89454,127],{"class":126},[61,89456,113],{"class":75},[61,89458,447],{"class":79},[61,89460,83047],{"class":71},[61,89462,1178],{"class":79},[61,89464,120],{"class":75},[14,89466,89467,89468,26],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[334,89469,51200],{"href":51199},[47,89471,89473],{"id":89472},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89475,89476,89478],{},[18,89477,46676],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89480,89481],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[52,89483,89485],{"className":54,"code":89484,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89486,89487,89500,89508,89512,89531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89488,89489,89491,89493,89495,89498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89490,8106],{"class":67},[61,89492,72],{"class":71},[61,89494,226],{"class":214},[61,89496,89497],{"class":218},"Ava",[61,89499,1043],{"class":214},[61,89501,89502,89504,89506],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89503,21848],{"class":67},[61,89505,72],{"class":71},[61,89507,2828],{"class":79},[61,89509,89510],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,89511,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520,89523,89525,89527,89529],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,89515,127],{"class":126},[61,89517,113],{"class":75},[61,89519,215],{"class":214},[61,89521,89522],{"class":218},"Name:",[61,89524,215],{"class":214},[61,89526,83],{"class":75},[61,89528,36213],{"class":116},[61,89530,120],{"class":75},[61,89532,89533,89535,89537,89539,89542,89544,89546,89548],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,89534,127],{"class":126},[61,89536,113],{"class":75},[61,89538,215],{"class":214},[61,89540,89541],{"class":218},"Age:",[61,89543,215],{"class":214},[61,89545,83],{"class":75},[61,89547,9413],{"class":116},[61,89549,120],{"class":75},[14,89551,139],{},[52,89553,89555],{"className":54,"code":89554,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89556,89557,89567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89558,89559,89562,89564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89560,89561],{"class":67},"Name",[61,89563,378],{"class":75},[61,89565,89566],{"class":67}," Ava\n",[61,89568,89569,89572,89574],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89570,89571],{"class":67},"Age",[61,89573,378],{"class":75},[61,89575,2828],{"class":79},[14,89577,89578,89579,26],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89580,2313],{},[14,89582,89583],{},"For example, this works:",[52,89585,89587],{"className":54,"code":89586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89588,89589,89597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89590,89591,89593,89595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89592,21848],{"class":67},[61,89594,72],{"class":71},[61,89596,2828],{"class":79},[61,89598,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89600,127],{"class":126},[61,89602,113],{"class":75},[61,89604,215],{"class":214},[61,89606,89541],{"class":218},[61,89608,215],{"class":214},[61,89610,83],{"class":75},[61,89612,9413],{"class":116},[61,89614,120],{"class":75},[14,89616,37148],{},[52,89618,89620],{"className":54,"code":89619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89621,89622,89630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89623,89624,89626,89628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89625,21848],{"class":67},[61,89627,72],{"class":71},[61,89629,2828],{"class":79},[61,89631,89632,89634,89636,89638,89641,89643,89645,89647],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89633,127],{"class":126},[61,89635,113],{"class":75},[61,89637,215],{"class":214},[61,89639,89640],{"class":218},"Age: ",[61,89642,215],{"class":214},[61,89644,2698],{"class":71},[61,89646,9413],{"class":116},[61,89648,120],{"class":75},[14,89650,89651,89652,89655,89656,89658,89659,89661,89662,26],{},"That fails because ",[18,89653,89654],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89657,9521],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89660,2313],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[334,89663,89664],{"href":42398},[18,89665,47907],{},[47,89667,89669],{"id":89668},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89671,89672,89674],{},[18,89673,46676],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[34,89676,89677,89683,89688,89693],{},[37,89678,89679,89682],{},[18,89680,89681],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[37,89684,89685,89687],{},[18,89686,52884],{}," controls what is added after the output",[37,89689,89690,89692],{},[18,89691,86957],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[37,89694,89695,89698],{},[18,89696,89697],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89700,89701,89702,4621,89704,26],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89703,89681],{},[18,89705,52884],{},[47,89707,89709,36837],{"id":89708},"sep-argument",[18,89710,89681],{},[14,89712,2233,89713,89715],{},[18,89714,89681],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89717,89718],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[819,89720,89722],{"id":89721},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[52,89724,89726],{"className":54,"code":89725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89727,89728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89729,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89731,127],{"class":126},[61,89733,113],{"class":75},[61,89735,215],{"class":214},[61,89737,219],{"class":218},[61,89739,215],{"class":214},[61,89741,83],{"class":75},[61,89743,226],{"class":214},[61,89745,246],{"class":218},[61,89747,215],{"class":214},[61,89749,83],{"class":75},[61,89751,226],{"class":214},[61,89753,229],{"class":218},[61,89755,215],{"class":214},[61,89757,120],{"class":75},[14,89759,139],{},[52,89761,89763],{"className":54,"code":89762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red green blue\n",[18,89764,89765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89766,89767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89768,89762],{"class":67},[819,89770,89772],{"id":89771},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[52,89774,89776],{"className":54,"code":89775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89777,89778,89821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89779,89780,89782,89784,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804,89806,89808,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89781,127],{"class":126},[61,89783,113],{"class":75},[61,89785,215],{"class":214},[61,89787,219],{"class":218},[61,89789,215],{"class":214},[61,89791,83],{"class":75},[61,89793,226],{"class":214},[61,89795,246],{"class":218},[61,89797,215],{"class":214},[61,89799,83],{"class":75},[61,89801,226],{"class":214},[61,89803,229],{"class":218},[61,89805,215],{"class":214},[61,89807,83],{"class":75},[61,89809,89810],{"class":9400}," sep",[61,89812,72],{"class":71},[61,89814,215],{"class":214},[61,89816,83],{"class":218},[61,89818,215],{"class":214},[61,89820,120],{"class":75},[61,89822,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89860,89862],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89824,127],{"class":126},[61,89826,113],{"class":75},[61,89828,215],{"class":214},[61,89830,219],{"class":218},[61,89832,215],{"class":214},[61,89834,83],{"class":75},[61,89836,226],{"class":214},[61,89838,246],{"class":218},[61,89840,215],{"class":214},[61,89842,83],{"class":75},[61,89844,226],{"class":214},[61,89846,229],{"class":218},[61,89848,215],{"class":214},[61,89850,83],{"class":75},[61,89852,89810],{"class":9400},[61,89854,72],{"class":71},[61,89856,215],{"class":214},[61,89858,89859],{"class":218}," - ",[61,89861,215],{"class":214},[61,89863,120],{"class":75},[14,89865,139],{},[52,89867,89869],{"className":54,"code":89868,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89870,89871,89883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89872,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89874,219],{"class":67},[61,89876,83],{"class":75},[61,89878,246],{"class":67},[61,89880,83],{"class":75},[61,89882,70198],{"class":67},[61,89884,89885,89888,89890,89893,89895],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89886,89887],{"class":67},"red ",[61,89889,2275],{"class":71},[61,89891,89892],{"class":67}," green ",[61,89894,2275],{"class":71},[61,89896,36102],{"class":67},[14,89898,89899,89901],{},[18,89900,89681],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89903,89904,89905,26],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[334,89906,89908],{"href":89907},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[47,89910,89912,36837],{"id":89911},"end-argument",[18,89913,52884],{},[14,89915,89916,89917,89919,89920,89922],{},"By default, ",[18,89918,46676],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89921,46676],{}," starts on a new line.",[819,89924,89722],{"id":89925},"default-behavior-1",[52,89927,89929],{"className":54,"code":89928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89930,89931,89945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89932,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89934,127],{"class":126},[61,89936,113],{"class":75},[61,89938,215],{"class":214},[61,89940,35088],{"class":218},[61,89942,215],{"class":214},[61,89944,120],{"class":75},[61,89946,89947,89949,89951,89953,89956,89958],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89948,127],{"class":126},[61,89950,113],{"class":75},[61,89952,215],{"class":214},[61,89954,89955],{"class":218},"World",[61,89957,215],{"class":214},[61,89959,120],{"class":75},[14,89961,139],{},[52,89963,89965],{"className":54,"code":89964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89966,89967,89971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89968,89969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89970,89164],{"class":67},[61,89972,89973],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,89974,89975],{"class":67},"World\n",[819,89977,89979],{"id":89978},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[52,89981,89983],{"className":54,"code":89982,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89984,89985,90007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,89986,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,89988,127],{"class":126},[61,89990,113],{"class":75},[61,89992,215],{"class":214},[61,89994,35088],{"class":218},[61,89996,215],{"class":214},[61,89998,83],{"class":75},[61,90000,65258],{"class":9400},[61,90002,72],{"class":71},[61,90004,6500],{"class":214},[61,90006,120],{"class":75},[61,90008,90009,90011,90013,90015,90017,90019],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90010,127],{"class":126},[61,90012,113],{"class":75},[61,90014,215],{"class":214},[61,90016,89955],{"class":218},[61,90018,215],{"class":214},[61,90020,120],{"class":75},[14,90022,139],{},[52,90024,90026],{"className":54,"code":90025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloWorld\n",[18,90027,90028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90029,90030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90031,90025],{"class":67},[819,90033,90035],{"id":90034},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[52,90037,90039],{"className":54,"code":90038,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,90040,90041,90070],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90064,90066,90068],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90044,127],{"class":126},[61,90046,113],{"class":75},[61,90048,215],{"class":214},[61,90050,35088],{"class":218},[61,90052,215],{"class":214},[61,90054,83],{"class":75},[61,90056,65258],{"class":9400},[61,90058,72],{"class":71},[61,90060,215],{"class":214},[61,90062,90063],{"class":218},"!",[61,90065,87368],{"class":34675},[61,90067,215],{"class":214},[61,90069,120],{"class":75},[61,90071,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90073,127],{"class":126},[61,90075,113],{"class":75},[61,90077,215],{"class":214},[61,90079,89955],{"class":218},[61,90081,215],{"class":214},[61,90083,120],{"class":75},[14,90085,139],{},[52,90087,90089],{"className":54,"code":90088,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,90090,90091,90096],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90092,90093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90094,90095],{"class":67},"Hello!\n",[61,90097,90098],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90099,89975],{"class":67},[14,90101,2233,90102,90104],{},[18,90103,52884],{}," argument is useful for:",[34,90106,90107,90110,90113],{},[37,90108,90109],{},"progress messages",[37,90111,90112],{},"inline output",[37,90114,90115],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[47,90117,90119,2642,90121],{"id":90118},"print-returns-none",[18,90120,46676],{},[18,90122,4012],{},[14,90124,90125,90126,90128],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,90127,46676],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90130,197],{},[52,90132,90134],{"className":54,"code":90133,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,90135,90136,90156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90137,90138,90140,90142,90145,90147,90149,90152,90154],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90139,869],{"class":67},[61,90141,72],{"class":71},[61,90143,90144],{"class":126}," print",[61,90146,113],{"class":75},[61,90148,215],{"class":214},[61,90150,90151],{"class":218},"Hi",[61,90153,215],{"class":214},[61,90155,120],{"class":75},[61,90157,90158,90160,90162,90164],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90159,127],{"class":126},[61,90161,113],{"class":75},[61,90163,892],{"class":116},[61,90165,120],{"class":75},[14,90167,139],{},[52,90169,90171],{"className":54,"code":90170,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,90172,90173,90178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90174,90175],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90176,90177],{"class":67},"Hi\n",[61,90179,90180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90181,12030],{"class":1523},[14,90183,90184],{},"Why does this happen?",[34,90186,90187,90195,90200],{},[37,90188,90189,90192,90193],{},[18,90190,90191],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,90194,90151],{},[37,90196,90197,90198],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,90199,4012],{},[37,90201,90202,90203,12142,90205],{},"so ",[18,90204,892],{},[18,90206,4012],{},[14,90208,90209,90210,90212],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,90211,46676],{}," call.",[52,90214,90216],{"className":54,"code":90215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,90217,90218,90231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90219,90220,90223,90225,90227,90229],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90221,90222],{"class":67},"message ",[61,90224,72],{"class":71},[61,90226,226],{"class":214},[61,90228,90151],{"class":218},[61,90230,1043],{"class":214},[61,90232,90233,90235,90237,90240],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90234,127],{"class":126},[61,90236,113],{"class":75},[61,90238,90239],{"class":116},"message",[61,90241,120],{"class":75},[14,90243,90244,90245,90247,90248,90252],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,90246,46676],{}," with functions like ",[334,90249,90250],{"href":8449},[18,90251,3197],{},", which do return a value.",[47,90254,90256,90257],{"id":90255},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,90258,46676],{},[14,90260,90261,90262,90264],{},"Beginners use ",[18,90263,46676],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[34,90266,90267,90270,90273,90276],{},[37,90268,90269],{},"to display results to the user",[37,90271,90272],{},"to show messages in a script",[37,90274,90275],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[37,90277,90278],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90280,197],{},[52,90282,90284],{"className":54,"code":90283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90285,90286,90294,90298,90318,90329],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90287,90288,90290,90292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90289,41405],{"class":67},[61,90291,72],{"class":71},[61,90293,38734],{"class":79},[61,90295,90296],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90297,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,90299,90300,90302,90304,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,90301,6186],{"class":1490},[61,90303,6614],{"class":67},[61,90305,1433],{"class":1490},[61,90307,54294],{"class":126},[61,90309,113],{"class":75},[61,90311,80],{"class":79},[61,90313,83],{"class":75},[61,90315,1178],{"class":79},[61,90317,8572],{"class":75},[61,90319,90320,90323,90326],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,90321,90322],{"class":67},"    total ",[61,90324,90325],{"class":71},"+=",[61,90327,90328],{"class":67}," number\n",[61,90330,90331,90333,90335,90337,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354,90356,90358],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,90332,8299],{"class":126},[61,90334,113],{"class":75},[61,90336,215],{"class":214},[61,90338,90339],{"class":218},"Current number:",[61,90341,215],{"class":214},[61,90343,83],{"class":75},[61,90345,2444],{"class":116},[61,90347,83],{"class":75},[61,90349,226],{"class":214},[61,90351,45787],{"class":218},[61,90353,215],{"class":214},[61,90355,83],{"class":75},[61,90357,45794],{"class":116},[61,90359,120],{"class":75},[14,90361,139],{},[52,90363,90365],{"className":54,"code":90364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90366,90367,90383,90397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90368,90369,90372,90374,90376,90379,90381],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90370,90371],{"class":67},"Current number",[61,90373,378],{"class":75},[61,90375,587],{"class":79},[61,90377,90378],{"class":67}," Total",[61,90380,378],{"class":75},[61,90382,29836],{"class":79},[61,90384,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90386,90371],{"class":67},[61,90388,378],{"class":75},[61,90390,86],{"class":79},[61,90392,90378],{"class":67},[61,90394,378],{"class":75},[61,90396,2819],{"class":79},[61,90398,90399,90401,90403,90405,90407,90409],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,90400,90371],{"class":67},[61,90402,378],{"class":75},[61,90404,95],{"class":79},[61,90406,90378],{"class":67},[61,90408,378],{"class":75},[61,90410,90411],{"class":79}," 6\n",[14,90413,90414,90415,26],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[334,90416,90418],{"href":90417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[47,90420,1741],{"id":1740},[14,90422,90423,90424,26],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90425,46676],{},[819,90427,90429],{"id":90428},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90431,90432],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[52,90434,90436],{"className":54,"code":90435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90437,90438],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90439,90440,90442,90444,90446],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90441,127],{"class":126},[61,90443,113],{"class":75},[61,90445,35088],{"class":116},[61,90447,120],{"class":75},[14,90449,9101,90450,90452],{},[18,90451,35088],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90454,11028],{},[52,90456,90458],{"className":54,"code":90457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90459,90460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90461,90462,90464,90466,90468,90470,90472],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90463,127],{"class":126},[61,90465,113],{"class":75},[61,90467,215],{"class":214},[61,90469,35088],{"class":218},[61,90471,215],{"class":214},[61,90473,120],{"class":75},[819,90475,1750,90477,90479],{"id":90476},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90478,127],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90481,90482],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[52,90484,90486],{"className":54,"code":90485,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90487,90488],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90489,90490,90492,90494,90496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90491,127],{"class":126},[61,90493,226],{"class":214},[61,90495,35088],{"class":218},[61,90497,1043],{"class":214},[14,90499,11028],{},[52,90501,90502],{"className":54,"code":90457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90503,90504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90505,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90507,127],{"class":126},[61,90509,113],{"class":75},[61,90511,215],{"class":214},[61,90513,35088],{"class":218},[61,90515,215],{"class":214},[61,90517,120],{"class":75},[819,90519,90521,90522],{"id":90520},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90523,2313],{},[14,90525,90526,90527,26],{},"This causes a ",[18,90528,1334],{},[52,90530,90531],{"className":54,"code":89619,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,90532,90533,90541],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90534,90535,90537,90539],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90536,21848],{"class":67},[61,90538,72],{"class":71},[61,90540,2828],{"class":79},[61,90542,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90544,127],{"class":126},[61,90546,113],{"class":75},[61,90548,215],{"class":214},[61,90550,89640],{"class":218},[61,90552,215],{"class":214},[61,90554,2698],{"class":71},[61,90556,9413],{"class":116},[61,90558,120],{"class":75},[14,90560,90561],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[52,90563,90565],{"className":54,"code":90564,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90566,90567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90568,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577,90579,90581,90583],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90570,127],{"class":126},[61,90572,113],{"class":75},[61,90574,215],{"class":214},[61,90576,89541],{"class":218},[61,90578,215],{"class":214},[61,90580,83],{"class":75},[61,90582,9413],{"class":116},[61,90584,120],{"class":75},[14,90586,90587],{},"Or convert the number first:",[52,90589,90591],{"className":54,"code":90590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90592,90593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90594,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90596,127],{"class":126},[61,90598,113],{"class":75},[61,90600,215],{"class":214},[61,90602,89640],{"class":218},[61,90604,215],{"class":214},[61,90606,2698],{"class":71},[61,90608,49128],{"class":109},[61,90610,113],{"class":75},[61,90612,9521],{"class":116},[61,90614,480],{"class":75},[14,90616,90617,90618,26],{},"If you see this error, read ",[334,90619,90621],{"href":90620},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[819,90623,1864,90625,90627],{"id":90624},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90626,46676],{}," to return a value",[14,90629,90630,90631,35551,90634,378],{},"This does not store ",[18,90632,90633],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90635,892],{},[52,90637,90639],{"className":54,"code":90638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90640,90641],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90642,90643,90645,90647,90649,90651,90653,90655,90657],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90644,869],{"class":67},[61,90646,72],{"class":71},[61,90648,90144],{"class":126},[61,90650,113],{"class":75},[61,90652,215],{"class":214},[61,90654,35088],{"class":218},[61,90656,215],{"class":214},[61,90658,120],{"class":75},[14,90660,90661,90662,26],{},"It stores ",[18,90663,4012],{},[819,90665,90667,90668,4621,90670],{"id":90666},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90669,89681],{},[18,90671,52884],{},[14,90673,86027],{},[34,90675,90676,90685],{},[37,90677,90678,90680,90681,90684],{},[18,90679,89681],{}," changes what goes ",[23,90682,90683],{},"between"," multiple values",[37,90686,90687,90689,90690,90693],{},[18,90688,52884],{}," changes what appears ",[23,90691,90692],{},"after"," the output",[47,90695,90697],{"id":90696},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90699,90700,90701,90703],{},"These simple ",[18,90702,46676],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[52,90705,90707],{"className":54,"code":90706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90708,90709,90729,90744],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90710,90711,90713,90715,90717,90720,90722,90724,90727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90712,127],{"class":126},[61,90714,113],{"class":75},[61,90716,215],{"class":214},[61,90718,90719],{"class":218},"Debug:",[61,90721,215],{"class":214},[61,90723,83],{"class":75},[61,90725,90726],{"class":116}," variable_name",[61,90728,120],{"class":75},[61,90730,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90742],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,90732,127],{"class":126},[61,90734,113],{"class":75},[61,90736,648],{"class":109},[61,90738,113],{"class":75},[61,90740,90741],{"class":116},"variable_name",[61,90743,480],{"class":75},[61,90745,90746,90748,90750,90752],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,90747,32373],{"class":126},[61,90749,113],{"class":75},[61,90751,127],{"class":126},[61,90753,120],{"class":75},[14,90755,90756],{},"What they do:",[34,90758,90759,90764,90770],{},[37,90760,90761,1971],{},[18,90762,90763],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)",[37,90765,90766,90769],{},[18,90767,90768],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[37,90771,90772,90775,90776],{},[18,90773,90774],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90777,46676],{},[47,90779,1987],{"id":1986},[819,90781,12927,90783,90785],{"id":90782},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90784,46676],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90787,90788,90789,90791,90792,36843],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90790,46676],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90793,52884],{},[819,90795,5398,90797,90799],{"id":90796},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90798,46676],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90801,90802,90803,90805],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90804,46676],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[819,90807,2093,90809,5389,90812,2735],{"id":90808},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90810,90811],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90813,4012],{},[14,90815,29282,90816,90818],{},[18,90817,46676],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[819,90820,90822],{"id":90821},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90824,90825],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[52,90827,90829],{"className":54,"code":90828,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90830,90831],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,90832,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,90834,127],{"class":126},[61,90836,113],{"class":75},[61,90838,215],{"class":214},[61,90840,89541],{"class":218},[61,90842,215],{"class":214},[61,90844,83],{"class":75},[61,90846,457],{"class":79},[61,90848,120],{"class":75},[14,90850,90851,90852,40151],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90853,47907],{},[819,90855,5408,90857,4621,90859,2735],{"id":90856},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90858,89681],{},[18,90860,52884],{},[34,90862,90863,90868],{},[37,90864,90865,90867],{},[18,90866,89681],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[37,90869,90870,90872],{},[18,90871,52884],{}," changes what appears after the output",[47,90874,2144],{"id":2143},[34,90876,90877,90881,90887,90893,90898,90903],{},[37,90878,90879],{},[334,90880,51200],{"href":51199},[37,90882,90883],{},[334,90884,3808,90885,3741],{"href":8449},[18,90886,3197],{},[37,90888,90889],{},[334,90890,3808,90891,3741],{"href":42398},[18,90892,47907],{},[37,90894,90895],{},[334,90896,90897],{"href":89907},"How to format strings in Python",[37,90899,90900],{},[334,90901,90902],{"href":90417},"How to debug Python code",[37,90904,90905],{},[334,90906,90621],{"href":90620},[2169,90908,90909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":90911},[90912,90913,90915,90916,90922,90923,90924,90929,90935,90937,90939,90950,90951,90962],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":89085,"depth":101,"text":90914},"What print() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":89321,"depth":101,"text":89322,"children":90917},[90918,90919,90920,90921],{"id":89330,"depth":123,"text":89331},{"id":89371,"depth":123,"text":89372},{"id":89403,"depth":123,"text":89404},{"id":89430,"depth":123,"text":89431},{"id":89472,"depth":101,"text":89473},{"id":89668,"depth":101,"text":89669},{"id":89708,"depth":101,"text":90925,"children":90926},"sep argument",[90927,90928],{"id":89721,"depth":123,"text":89722},{"id":89771,"depth":123,"text":89772},{"id":89911,"depth":101,"text":90930,"children":90931},"end argument",[90932,90933,90934],{"id":89925,"depth":123,"text":89722},{"id":89978,"depth":123,"text":89979},{"id":90034,"depth":123,"text":90035},{"id":90118,"depth":101,"text":90936},"print() returns None",{"id":90255,"depth":101,"text":90938},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":90940},[90941,90942,90944,90946,90948],{"id":90428,"depth":123,"text":90429},{"id":90476,"depth":123,"text":90943},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90520,"depth":123,"text":90945},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90624,"depth":123,"text":90947},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90666,"depth":123,"text":90949},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90696,"depth":101,"text":90697},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":90952},[90953,90955,90957,90959,90960],{"id":90782,"depth":123,"text":90954},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90796,"depth":123,"text":90956},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90808,"depth":123,"text":90958},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90821,"depth":123,"text":90822},{"id":90856,"depth":123,"text":90961},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88968,"description":90963},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90970,"title":90971,"body":90972,"description":93276,"extension":2216,"meta":93277,"navigation":271,"path":93278,"seo":93279,"stem":93280,"__hash__":93281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90973,"toc":93222},[90974,90979,90984,90997,90999,91064,91075,91080,91085,91087,91110,91113,91144,91146,91163,91168,91174,91179,91228,91231,91248,91254,91259,91282,91284,91312,91318,91326,91353,91355,91380,91386,91389,91420,91422,91451,91455,91458,91463,91485,91487,91515,91521,91527,91553,91555,91579,91585,91591,91621,91623,91651,91661,91665,91671,91704,91706,91735,91738,91741,91774,91776,91784,91790,91792,91815,91820,91829,91834,91848,91850,91890,91892,91922,91926,91961,91967,91971,92015,92017,92047,92053,92056,92135,92137,92159,92167,92170,92233,92241,92316,92322,92329,92334,92339,92362,92364,92385,92387,92400,92402,92449,92451,92490,92499,92501,92505,92509,92512,92539,92542,92571,92574,92598,92601,92609,92615,92637,92639,92667,92671,92676,92731,92736,92738,92795,92802,92811,92814,92846,92848,92856,92859,92865,92867,92890,92893,92899,92902,92921,92923,92942,92945,92967,92969,92997,93001,93005,93110,93112,93125,93127,93133,93136,93144,93149,93155,93161,93166,93174,93180,93187,93189,93219],[10,90975,3808,90977,3812],{"id":90976},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90978,394],{},[14,90980,32538,90981,90983],{},[18,90982,394],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90985,90986,90987,90989,90990,90992,90993,90996],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90988,6186],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90991,394],{}," stops ",[23,90994,90995],{},"before"," the end value.",[47,90998,50],{"id":49},[52,91000,91002],{"className":54,"code":91001,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,91003,91004,91020,91030,91034,91039,91044,91049,91054,91059],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91007,6186],{"class":1490},[61,91009,69765],{"class":67},[61,91011,1433],{"class":1490},[61,91013,54294],{"class":126},[61,91015,113],{"class":75},[61,91017,945],{"class":79},[61,91019,8572],{"class":75},[61,91021,91022,91024,91026,91028],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91023,8299],{"class":126},[61,91025,113],{"class":75},[61,91027,36376],{"class":116},[61,91029,120],{"class":75},[61,91031,91032],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,91033,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,91035,91036],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,91037,91038],{"class":3896},"# Output:\n",[61,91040,91041],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,91042,91043],{"class":3896},"# 0\n",[61,91045,91046],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,91047,91048],{"class":3896},"# 1\n",[61,91050,91051],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,91052,91053],{"class":3896},"# 2\n",[61,91055,91056],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,91057,91058],{"class":3896},"# 3\n",[61,91060,91061],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,91062,91063],{"class":3896},"# 4\n",[14,91065,91066,91069,91070,91072,91073,26],{},[18,91067,91068],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,91071,582],{}," and stopping before ",[18,91074,945],{},[47,91076,3911,91078,3914],{"id":91077},"what-range-does",[18,91079,394],{},[14,91081,91082,91084],{},[18,91083,394],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,91086,13276],{},[34,91088,91089,91094,91100,91105],{},[37,91090,91091,91093],{},[18,91092,394],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[37,91095,91096,91097,91099],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,91098,6186],{}," loops",[37,91101,91102,91103],{},"The stop value is ",[23,91104,65287],{},[37,91106,17643,91107,91109],{},[18,91108,493],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,91111,91112],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[52,91114,91116],{"className":54,"code":91115,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,91117,91118,91134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91119,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91121,6186],{"class":1490},[61,91123,6614],{"class":67},[61,91125,1433],{"class":1490},[61,91127,54294],{"class":126},[61,91129,113],{"class":75},[61,91131,1321],{"class":79},[61,91133,8572],{"class":75},[61,91135,91136,91138,91140,91142],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91137,8299],{"class":126},[61,91139,113],{"class":75},[61,91141,2486],{"class":116},[61,91143,120],{"class":75},[14,91145,139],{},[52,91147,91149],{"className":54,"code":91148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,91150,91151,91155,91159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91152,91153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91154,47475],{"class":79},[61,91156,91157],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91158,47140],{"class":79},[61,91160,91161],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,91162,17277],{"class":79},[14,91164,91165,91166,26],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[334,91167,36250],{"href":36249},[47,91169,91171,91173],{"id":91170},"range-syntax",[18,91172,394],{}," syntax",[14,91175,91176,91178],{},[18,91177,394],{}," has three common forms:",[52,91180,91182],{"className":54,"code":91181,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,91183,91184,91194,91209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91185,91186,91188,91190,91192],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91187,493],{"class":126},[61,91189,113],{"class":75},[61,91191,75643],{"class":116},[61,91193,120],{"class":75},[61,91195,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91207],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91197,493],{"class":126},[61,91199,113],{"class":75},[61,91201,36294],{"class":116},[61,91203,83],{"class":75},[61,91205,91206],{"class":116}," stop",[61,91208,120],{"class":75},[61,91210,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91226],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,91212,493],{"class":126},[61,91214,113],{"class":75},[61,91216,36294],{"class":116},[61,91218,83],{"class":75},[61,91220,91206],{"class":116},[61,91222,83],{"class":75},[61,91224,91225],{"class":116}," step",[61,91227,120],{"class":75},[14,91229,91230],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[34,91232,91233,91238,91243],{},[37,91234,91235,91237],{},[18,91236,36294],{}," = first number",[37,91239,91240,91242],{},[18,91241,75643],{}," = end limit, not included",[37,91244,91245,91247],{},[18,91246,75646],{}," = amount to move each time",[819,91249,91251],{"id":91250},"rangestop",[18,91252,91253],{},"range(stop)",[14,91255,91256,91257,26],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,91258,582],{},[52,91260,91262],{"className":54,"code":91261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,91263,91264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91265,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91267,127],{"class":126},[61,91269,113],{"class":75},[61,91271,383],{"class":109},[61,91273,113],{"class":75},[61,91275,493],{"class":126},[61,91277,113],{"class":75},[61,91279,945],{"class":79},[61,91281,460],{"class":75},[14,91283,139],{},[52,91285,91286],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91287,91288],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91289,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91291,4129],{"class":75},[61,91293,582],{"class":79},[61,91295,83],{"class":75},[61,91297,587],{"class":79},[61,91299,83],{"class":75},[61,91301,86],{"class":79},[61,91303,83],{"class":75},[61,91305,95],{"class":79},[61,91307,83],{"class":75},[61,91309,1178],{"class":79},[61,91311,98],{"class":75},[819,91313,91315],{"id":91314},"rangestart-stop",[18,91316,91317],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91319,91320,91321,91323,91324,26],{},"This starts at ",[18,91322,36294],{}," and stops before ",[18,91325,75643],{},[52,91327,91329],{"className":54,"code":91328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91330,91331],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91332,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91334,127],{"class":126},[61,91336,113],{"class":75},[61,91338,383],{"class":109},[61,91340,113],{"class":75},[61,91342,493],{"class":126},[61,91344,113],{"class":75},[61,91346,2310],{"class":79},[61,91348,83],{"class":75},[61,91350,37865],{"class":79},[61,91352,460],{"class":75},[14,91354,139],{},[52,91356,91358],{"className":54,"code":91357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91359,91360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91361,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91363,4129],{"class":75},[61,91365,2310],{"class":79},[61,91367,83],{"class":75},[61,91369,95],{"class":79},[61,91371,83],{"class":75},[61,91373,1178],{"class":79},[61,91375,83],{"class":75},[61,91377,950],{"class":79},[61,91379,98],{"class":75},[819,91381,91383],{"id":91382},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91384,91385],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91387,91388],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[52,91390,91392],{"className":54,"code":91391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91393,91394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91395,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91397,127],{"class":126},[61,91399,113],{"class":75},[61,91401,383],{"class":109},[61,91403,113],{"class":75},[61,91405,493],{"class":126},[61,91407,113],{"class":75},[61,91409,80],{"class":79},[61,91411,83],{"class":75},[61,91413,457],{"class":79},[61,91415,83],{"class":75},[61,91417,86],{"class":79},[61,91419,460],{"class":75},[14,91421,139],{},[52,91423,91425],{"className":54,"code":91424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91426,91427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91428,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91430,4129],{"class":75},[61,91432,80],{"class":79},[61,91434,83],{"class":75},[61,91436,95],{"class":79},[61,91438,83],{"class":75},[61,91440,950],{"class":79},[61,91442,83],{"class":75},[61,91444,6222],{"class":79},[61,91446,83],{"class":75},[61,91448,54360],{"class":79},[61,91450,98],{"class":75},[47,91452,91454],{"id":91453},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91456,91457],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[819,91459,91461],{"id":91460},"range5",[18,91462,91068],{},[52,91464,91465],{"className":54,"code":91261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91466,91467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91468,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91470,127],{"class":126},[61,91472,113],{"class":75},[61,91474,383],{"class":109},[61,91476,113],{"class":75},[61,91478,493],{"class":126},[61,91480,113],{"class":75},[61,91482,945],{"class":79},[61,91484,460],{"class":75},[14,91486,139],{},[52,91488,91489],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91490,91491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91492,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91494,4129],{"class":75},[61,91496,582],{"class":79},[61,91498,83],{"class":75},[61,91500,587],{"class":79},[61,91502,83],{"class":75},[61,91504,86],{"class":79},[61,91506,83],{"class":75},[61,91508,95],{"class":79},[61,91510,83],{"class":75},[61,91512,1178],{"class":79},[61,91514,98],{"class":75},[14,91516,91320,91517,91323,91519,26],{},[18,91518,582],{},[18,91520,945],{},[819,91522,91524],{"id":91523},"range2-6",[18,91525,91526],{},"range(2, 6)",[52,91528,91529],{"className":54,"code":91328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91530,91531],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91532,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91534,127],{"class":126},[61,91536,113],{"class":75},[61,91538,383],{"class":109},[61,91540,113],{"class":75},[61,91542,493],{"class":126},[61,91544,113],{"class":75},[61,91546,2310],{"class":79},[61,91548,83],{"class":75},[61,91550,37865],{"class":79},[61,91552,460],{"class":75},[14,91554,139],{},[52,91556,91557],{"className":54,"code":91357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91562,4129],{"class":75},[61,91564,2310],{"class":79},[61,91566,83],{"class":75},[61,91568,95],{"class":79},[61,91570,83],{"class":75},[61,91572,1178],{"class":79},[61,91574,83],{"class":75},[61,91576,950],{"class":79},[61,91578,98],{"class":75},[14,91580,91320,91581,91323,91583,26],{},[18,91582,2310],{},[18,91584,80809],{},[819,91586,91588],{"id":91587},"range1-10-2",[18,91589,91590],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[52,91592,91593],{"className":54,"code":91391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91594,91595],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91596,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91598,127],{"class":126},[61,91600,113],{"class":75},[61,91602,383],{"class":109},[61,91604,113],{"class":75},[61,91606,493],{"class":126},[61,91608,113],{"class":75},[61,91610,80],{"class":79},[61,91612,83],{"class":75},[61,91614,457],{"class":79},[61,91616,83],{"class":75},[61,91618,86],{"class":79},[61,91620,460],{"class":75},[14,91622,139],{},[52,91624,91625],{"className":54,"code":91424,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91626,91627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91628,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91630,4129],{"class":75},[61,91632,80],{"class":79},[61,91634,83],{"class":75},[61,91636,95],{"class":79},[61,91638,83],{"class":75},[61,91640,950],{"class":79},[61,91642,83],{"class":75},[61,91644,6222],{"class":79},[61,91646,83],{"class":75},[61,91648,54360],{"class":79},[61,91650,98],{"class":75},[14,91652,91653,91654,91656,91657,61519,91659,26],{},"This moves by ",[18,91655,2310],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91658,80],{},[18,91660,2394],{},[819,91662,91664],{"id":91663},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91666,91667,91668,91670],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91669,394],{}," count backward.",[52,91672,91674],{"className":54,"code":91673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91675,91676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91677,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91679,127],{"class":126},[61,91681,113],{"class":75},[61,91683,383],{"class":109},[61,91685,113],{"class":75},[61,91687,493],{"class":126},[61,91689,113],{"class":75},[61,91691,945],{"class":79},[61,91693,83],{"class":75},[61,91695,4065],{"class":79},[61,91697,83],{"class":75},[61,91699,2469],{"class":71},[61,91701,80],{"class":79},[61,91703,460],{"class":75},[14,91705,139],{},[52,91707,91709],{"className":54,"code":91708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91710,91711],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91712,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91714,4129],{"class":75},[61,91716,945],{"class":79},[61,91718,83],{"class":75},[61,91720,1178],{"class":79},[61,91722,83],{"class":75},[61,91724,95],{"class":79},[61,91726,83],{"class":75},[61,91728,86],{"class":79},[61,91730,83],{"class":75},[61,91732,587],{"class":79},[61,91734,98],{"class":75},[14,91736,91737],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91739,91740],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[52,91742,91744],{"className":54,"code":91743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91745,91746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91747,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762,91764,91766,91768,91770,91772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91749,127],{"class":126},[61,91751,113],{"class":75},[61,91753,383],{"class":109},[61,91755,113],{"class":75},[61,91757,493],{"class":126},[61,91759,113],{"class":75},[61,91761,80],{"class":79},[61,91763,83],{"class":75},[61,91765,950],{"class":79},[61,91767,83],{"class":75},[61,91769,2469],{"class":71},[61,91771,80],{"class":79},[61,91773,460],{"class":75},[14,91775,139],{},[52,91777,91778],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,91779,91780],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91781,91782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91783,38518],{"class":75},[819,91785,91786,76805,91788],{"id":77029},[18,91787,75646],{},[18,91789,582],{},[14,91791,3077],{},[52,91793,91795],{"className":54,"code":91794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91796,91797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91798,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91800,493],{"class":126},[61,91802,113],{"class":75},[61,91804,80],{"class":79},[61,91806,83],{"class":75},[61,91808,950],{"class":79},[61,91810,83],{"class":75},[61,91812,4065],{"class":79},[61,91814,120],{"class":75},[14,91816,1331,91817,91819],{},[18,91818,40926],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[47,91821,1750,91823,91825,91826,91828],{"id":91822},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91824,394],{}," in a ",[18,91827,6186],{}," loop",[14,91830,91831,91833],{},[18,91832,394],{}," is most useful when:",[34,91835,91836,91839,91842],{},[37,91837,91838],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[37,91840,91841],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[37,91843,91844,91845],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91846,91847],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91849,197],{},[52,91851,91853],{"className":54,"code":91852,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91854,91855,91871],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91856,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91858,6186],{"class":1490},[61,91860,69765],{"class":67},[61,91862,1433],{"class":1490},[61,91864,54294],{"class":126},[61,91866,113],{"class":75},[61,91868,1321],{"class":79},[61,91870,8572],{"class":75},[61,91872,91873,91875,91877,91879,91882,91884,91886,91888],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91874,8299],{"class":126},[61,91876,113],{"class":75},[61,91878,215],{"class":214},[61,91880,91881],{"class":218},"Loop number:",[61,91883,215],{"class":214},[61,91885,83],{"class":75},[61,91887,36351],{"class":116},[61,91889,120],{"class":75},[14,91891,139],{},[52,91893,91895],{"className":54,"code":91894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91896,91897,91906,91914],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91898,91899,91902,91904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91900,91901],{"class":67},"Loop number",[61,91903,378],{"class":75},[61,91905,38734],{"class":79},[61,91907,91908,91910,91912],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91909,91901],{"class":67},[61,91911,378],{"class":75},[61,91913,29836],{"class":79},[61,91915,91916,91918,91920],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,91917,91901],{"class":67},[61,91919,378],{"class":75},[61,91921,45813],{"class":79},[819,91923,91925],{"id":91924},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[52,91927,91929],{"className":54,"code":91928,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91930,91931,91947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91932,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91934,6186],{"class":1490},[61,91936,69765],{"class":67},[61,91938,1433],{"class":1490},[61,91940,54294],{"class":126},[61,91942,113],{"class":75},[61,91944,945],{"class":79},[61,91946,8572],{"class":75},[61,91948,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91950,8299],{"class":126},[61,91952,113],{"class":75},[61,91954,215],{"class":214},[61,91956,35088],{"class":218},[61,91958,215],{"class":214},[61,91960,120],{"class":75},[14,91962,91963,91964,91966],{},"This prints ",[18,91965,90633],{}," five times.",[819,91968,91970],{"id":91969},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[52,91972,91974],{"className":54,"code":91973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91975,91976,91996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,91977,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,91979,6186],{"class":1490},[61,91981,69765],{"class":67},[61,91983,1433],{"class":1490},[61,91985,54294],{"class":126},[61,91987,113],{"class":75},[61,91989,80],{"class":79},[61,91991,83],{"class":75},[61,91993,1178],{"class":79},[61,91995,8572],{"class":75},[61,91997,91998,92000,92002,92004,92007,92009,92011,92013],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,91999,8299],{"class":126},[61,92001,113],{"class":75},[61,92003,215],{"class":214},[61,92005,92006],{"class":218},"Current number is",[61,92008,215],{"class":214},[61,92010,83],{"class":75},[61,92012,36351],{"class":116},[61,92014,120],{"class":75},[14,92016,139],{},[52,92018,92020],{"className":54,"code":92019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,92021,92022,92031,92039],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92023,92024,92027,92029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92025,92026],{"class":67},"Current number ",[61,92028,12416],{"class":71},[61,92030,29836],{"class":79},[61,92032,92033,92035,92037],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92034,92026],{"class":67},[61,92036,12416],{"class":71},[61,92038,45813],{"class":79},[61,92040,92041,92043,92045],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92042,92026],{"class":67},[61,92044,12416],{"class":71},[61,92046,2819],{"class":79},[819,92048,92050,92052],{"id":92049},"range-and-indexing",[18,92051,394],{}," and indexing",[14,92054,92055],{},"You may see code like this:",[52,92057,92059],{"className":54,"code":92058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,92060,92061,92093,92097,92117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92062,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92064,1230],{"class":67},[61,92066,72],{"class":71},[61,92068,76],{"class":75},[61,92070,215],{"class":214},[61,92072,334],{"class":218},[61,92074,215],{"class":214},[61,92076,83],{"class":75},[61,92078,226],{"class":214},[61,92080,765],{"class":218},[61,92082,215],{"class":214},[61,92084,83],{"class":75},[61,92086,226],{"class":214},[61,92088,9961],{"class":218},[61,92090,215],{"class":214},[61,92092,98],{"class":75},[61,92094,92095],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92096,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92098,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92100,6186],{"class":1490},[61,92102,69765],{"class":67},[61,92104,1433],{"class":1490},[61,92106,54294],{"class":126},[61,92108,113],{"class":75},[61,92110,1948],{"class":126},[61,92112,113],{"class":75},[61,92114,1267],{"class":116},[61,92116,69780],{"class":75},[61,92118,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92120,8299],{"class":126},[61,92122,113],{"class":75},[61,92124,36376],{"class":116},[61,92126,83],{"class":75},[61,92128,6194],{"class":116},[61,92130,4129],{"class":75},[61,92132,36376],{"class":116},[61,92134,1474],{"class":75},[14,92136,139],{},[52,92138,92139],{"className":54,"code":36388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92140,92141,92147,92153],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92142,92143,92145],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92144,582],{"class":79},[61,92146,36397],{"class":67},[61,92148,92149,92151],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92150,80],{"class":79},[61,92152,36404],{"class":67},[61,92154,92155,92157],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92156,2310],{"class":79},[61,92158,36411],{"class":67},[14,92160,92161,92162,92166],{},"This works, and it uses ",[334,92163,92164],{"href":42581},[18,92165,42584],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92168,92169],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[52,92171,92173],{"className":54,"code":92172,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,92174,92175,92207,92211,92223],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92176,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92178,1230],{"class":67},[61,92180,72],{"class":71},[61,92182,76],{"class":75},[61,92184,215],{"class":214},[61,92186,334],{"class":218},[61,92188,215],{"class":214},[61,92190,83],{"class":75},[61,92192,226],{"class":214},[61,92194,765],{"class":218},[61,92196,215],{"class":214},[61,92198,83],{"class":75},[61,92200,226],{"class":214},[61,92202,9961],{"class":218},[61,92204,215],{"class":214},[61,92206,98],{"class":75},[61,92208,92209],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92212,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92214,6186],{"class":1490},[61,92216,6189],{"class":67},[61,92218,1433],{"class":1490},[61,92220,6194],{"class":67},[61,92222,6621],{"class":75},[61,92224,92225,92227,92229,92231],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92226,8299],{"class":126},[61,92228,113],{"class":75},[61,92230,23531],{"class":116},[61,92232,120],{"class":75},[14,92234,36814,92235,92240],{},[334,92236,92238],{"href":92237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,92239,35970],{}," is usually a better choice:",[52,92242,92244],{"className":54,"code":92243,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,92245,92246,92278,92282,92302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92247,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92249,1230],{"class":67},[61,92251,72],{"class":71},[61,92253,76],{"class":75},[61,92255,215],{"class":214},[61,92257,334],{"class":218},[61,92259,215],{"class":214},[61,92261,83],{"class":75},[61,92263,226],{"class":214},[61,92265,765],{"class":218},[61,92267,215],{"class":214},[61,92269,83],{"class":75},[61,92271,226],{"class":214},[61,92273,9961],{"class":218},[61,92275,215],{"class":214},[61,92277,98],{"class":75},[61,92279,92280],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92281,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92283,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92285,6186],{"class":1490},[61,92287,36042],{"class":67},[61,92289,83],{"class":75},[61,92291,6189],{"class":67},[61,92293,1433],{"class":1490},[61,92295,36052],{"class":126},[61,92297,113],{"class":75},[61,92299,1267],{"class":116},[61,92301,8572],{"class":75},[61,92303,92304,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92305,8299],{"class":126},[61,92307,113],{"class":75},[61,92309,36067],{"class":116},[61,92311,83],{"class":75},[61,92313,29728],{"class":116},[61,92315,120],{"class":75},[14,92317,79333,92318,26],{},[334,92319,36827,92320,36830],{"href":36826},[18,92321,35970],{},[47,92323,92325,92326,92328],{"id":92324},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92327,394],{}," to a list",[14,92330,92331,92333],{},[18,92332,394],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92335,92336,92337,378],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92338,1880],{},[52,92340,92342],{"className":54,"code":92341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92343,92344],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92345,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92347,127],{"class":126},[61,92349,113],{"class":75},[61,92351,383],{"class":109},[61,92353,113],{"class":75},[61,92355,493],{"class":126},[61,92357,113],{"class":75},[61,92359,1321],{"class":79},[61,92361,460],{"class":75},[14,92363,139],{},[52,92365,92367],{"className":54,"code":92366,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92368,92369],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92370,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92372,4129],{"class":75},[61,92374,582],{"class":79},[61,92376,83],{"class":75},[61,92378,587],{"class":79},[61,92380,83],{"class":75},[61,92382,86],{"class":79},[61,92384,98],{"class":75},[14,92386,33533],{},[34,92388,92389,92394,92397],{},[37,92390,92391,92392,42308],{},"learning how ",[18,92393,394],{},[37,92395,92396],{},"checking your values",[37,92398,92399],{},"debugging code",[14,92401,5701],{},[52,92403,92405],{"className":54,"code":92404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92406,92407,92421,92425,92435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92408,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92410,68],{"class":67},[61,92412,72],{"class":71},[61,92414,54294],{"class":126},[61,92416,113],{"class":75},[61,92418,498],{"class":79},[61,92420,120],{"class":75},[61,92422,92423],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92424,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92426,92427,92429,92431,92433],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92428,127],{"class":126},[61,92430,113],{"class":75},[61,92432,117],{"class":116},[61,92434,120],{"class":75},[61,92436,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92438,127],{"class":126},[61,92440,113],{"class":75},[61,92442,383],{"class":109},[61,92444,113],{"class":75},[61,92446,117],{"class":116},[61,92448,480],{"class":75},[14,92450,139],{},[52,92452,92454],{"className":54,"code":92453,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92455,92456,92470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92457,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92459,493],{"class":126},[61,92461,113],{"class":75},[61,92463,582],{"class":79},[61,92465,83],{"class":75},[61,92467,1178],{"class":79},[61,92469,120],{"class":75},[61,92471,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92473,4129],{"class":75},[61,92475,582],{"class":79},[61,92477,83],{"class":75},[61,92479,587],{"class":79},[61,92481,83],{"class":75},[61,92483,86],{"class":79},[61,92485,83],{"class":75},[61,92487,95],{"class":79},[61,92489,98],{"class":75},[14,92491,92492,92493,10806,92495,92498],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92494,493],{},[18,92496,92497],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[47,92500,4747],{"id":4746},[14,92502,33762,92503,26],{},[18,92504,394],{},[819,92506,92508],{"id":92507},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92510,92511],{},"Many beginners think this:",[52,92513,92515],{"className":54,"code":92514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92516,92517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92518,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92520,127],{"class":126},[61,92522,113],{"class":75},[61,92524,383],{"class":109},[61,92526,113],{"class":75},[61,92528,493],{"class":126},[61,92530,113],{"class":75},[61,92532,80],{"class":79},[61,92534,83],{"class":75},[61,92536,950],{"class":79},[61,92538,460],{"class":75},[14,92540,92541],{},"will produce:",[52,92543,92545],{"className":54,"code":92544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92546,92547],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92548,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92550,4129],{"class":75},[61,92552,80],{"class":79},[61,92554,83],{"class":75},[61,92556,86],{"class":79},[61,92558,83],{"class":75},[61,92560,95],{"class":79},[61,92562,83],{"class":75},[61,92564,1178],{"class":79},[61,92566,83],{"class":75},[61,92568,950],{"class":79},[61,92570,98],{"class":75},[14,92572,92573],{},"But the real output is:",[52,92575,92576],{"className":54,"code":53729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92577,92578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92581,4129],{"class":75},[61,92583,80],{"class":79},[61,92585,83],{"class":75},[61,92587,86],{"class":79},[61,92589,83],{"class":75},[61,92591,95],{"class":79},[61,92593,83],{"class":75},[61,92595,1178],{"class":79},[61,92597,98],{"class":75},[14,92599,92600],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[819,92602,4808,92604,92606,92607],{"id":92603},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92605,91068],{}," starts at ",[18,92608,80],{},[14,92610,37689,92611,19183,92613,26],{},[18,92612,582],{},[18,92614,80],{},[52,92616,92617],{"className":54,"code":91261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92618,92619],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92620,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92622,127],{"class":126},[61,92624,113],{"class":75},[61,92626,383],{"class":109},[61,92628,113],{"class":75},[61,92630,493],{"class":126},[61,92632,113],{"class":75},[61,92634,945],{"class":79},[61,92636,460],{"class":75},[14,92638,139],{},[52,92640,92641],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92642,92643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92644,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92646,4129],{"class":75},[61,92648,582],{"class":79},[61,92650,83],{"class":75},[61,92652,587],{"class":79},[61,92654,83],{"class":75},[61,92656,86],{"class":79},[61,92658,83],{"class":75},[61,92660,95],{"class":79},[61,92662,83],{"class":75},[61,92664,1178],{"class":79},[61,92666,98],{"class":75},[819,92668,92670],{"id":92669},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92672,92673,92674,378],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92675,3197],{},[52,92677,92679],{"className":54,"code":92678,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92680,92681,92700,92704,92721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92682,92683,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92684,92685],{"class":67},"user_number ",[61,92687,72],{"class":71},[61,92689,8472],{"class":126},[61,92691,113],{"class":75},[61,92693,215],{"class":214},[61,92695,42094],{"class":218},[61,92697,215],{"class":214},[61,92699,120],{"class":75},[61,92701,92702],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92703,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92719],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92707,6186],{"class":1490},[61,92709,69765],{"class":67},[61,92711,1433],{"class":1490},[61,92713,54294],{"class":126},[61,92715,113],{"class":75},[61,92717,92718],{"class":116},"user_number",[61,92720,8572],{"class":75},[61,92722,92723,92725,92727,92729],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92724,8299],{"class":126},[61,92726,113],{"class":75},[61,92728,36376],{"class":116},[61,92730,120],{"class":75},[14,92732,48734,92733,92735],{},[18,92734,3197],{}," returns a string.",[14,92737,11028],{},[52,92739,92741],{"className":54,"code":92740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92742,92743,92765,92769,92785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92744,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92746,92685],{"class":67},[61,92748,72],{"class":71},[61,92750,45500],{"class":109},[61,92752,113],{"class":75},[61,92754,42686],{"class":126},[61,92756,113],{"class":75},[61,92758,215],{"class":214},[61,92760,42094],{"class":218},[61,92762,215],{"class":214},[61,92764,480],{"class":75},[61,92766,92767],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,92768,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,92770,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,92772,6186],{"class":1490},[61,92774,69765],{"class":67},[61,92776,1433],{"class":1490},[61,92778,54294],{"class":126},[61,92780,113],{"class":75},[61,92782,92718],{"class":116},[61,92784,8572],{"class":75},[61,92786,92787,92789,92791,92793],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,92788,8299],{"class":126},[61,92790,113],{"class":75},[61,92792,36376],{"class":116},[61,92794,120],{"class":75},[14,92796,92797,92798,26],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[334,92799,50747,92800],{"href":50746},[18,92801,50750],{},[819,92803,92805,92806,92808,92809],{"id":92804},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92807,36294],{}," smaller than ",[18,92810,75643],{},[14,92812,92813],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[52,92815,92816],{"className":54,"code":91743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92817,92818],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92819,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92821,127],{"class":126},[61,92823,113],{"class":75},[61,92825,383],{"class":109},[61,92827,113],{"class":75},[61,92829,493],{"class":126},[61,92831,113],{"class":75},[61,92833,80],{"class":79},[61,92835,83],{"class":75},[61,92837,950],{"class":79},[61,92839,83],{"class":75},[61,92841,2469],{"class":71},[61,92843,80],{"class":79},[61,92845,460],{"class":75},[14,92847,139],{},[52,92849,92850],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92851,92852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92853,92854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92855,38518],{"class":75},[14,92857,92858],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[819,92860,25837,92862],{"id":92861},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92863,92864],{},"step = 0",[14,92866,77784],{},[52,92868,92870],{"className":54,"code":92869,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92871,92872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92873,92874,92876,92878,92880,92882,92884,92886,92888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92875,493],{"class":126},[61,92877,113],{"class":75},[61,92879,80],{"class":79},[61,92881,83],{"class":75},[61,92883,457],{"class":79},[61,92885,83],{"class":75},[61,92887,4065],{"class":79},[61,92889,120],{"class":75},[14,92891,92892],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[819,92894,4932,92896,92898],{"id":92895},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92897,394],{}," is not a list",[14,92900,92901],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[52,92903,92905],{"className":54,"code":92904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92906,92907],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92908,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92910,127],{"class":126},[61,92912,113],{"class":75},[61,92914,493],{"class":126},[61,92916,113],{"class":75},[61,92918,945],{"class":79},[61,92920,480],{"class":75},[14,92922,139],{},[52,92924,92926],{"className":54,"code":92925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92927,92928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92929,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92931,493],{"class":126},[61,92933,113],{"class":75},[61,92935,582],{"class":79},[61,92937,83],{"class":75},[61,92939,950],{"class":79},[61,92941,120],{"class":75},[14,92943,92944],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[52,92946,92947],{"className":54,"code":91261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92948,92949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92950,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92952,127],{"class":126},[61,92954,113],{"class":75},[61,92956,383],{"class":109},[61,92958,113],{"class":75},[61,92960,493],{"class":126},[61,92962,113],{"class":75},[61,92964,945],{"class":79},[61,92966,460],{"class":75},[14,92968,139],{},[52,92970,92971],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,92972,92973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,92974,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,92976,4129],{"class":75},[61,92978,582],{"class":79},[61,92980,83],{"class":75},[61,92982,587],{"class":79},[61,92984,83],{"class":75},[61,92986,86],{"class":79},[61,92988,83],{"class":75},[61,92990,95],{"class":79},[61,92992,83],{"class":75},[61,92994,1178],{"class":79},[61,92996,98],{"class":75},[47,92998,93000],{"id":92999},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,93002,9101,93003,82555],{},[18,93004,394],{},[52,93006,93008],{"className":54,"code":93007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,93009,93010,93024,93042,93064,93092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93011,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020,93022],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93013,127],{"class":126},[61,93015,113],{"class":75},[61,93017,493],{"class":126},[61,93019,113],{"class":75},[61,93021,945],{"class":79},[61,93023,480],{"class":75},[61,93025,93026,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036,93038,93040],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93027,127],{"class":126},[61,93029,113],{"class":75},[61,93031,383],{"class":109},[61,93033,113],{"class":75},[61,93035,493],{"class":126},[61,93037,113],{"class":75},[61,93039,945],{"class":79},[61,93041,460],{"class":75},[61,93043,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93045,127],{"class":126},[61,93047,113],{"class":75},[61,93049,383],{"class":109},[61,93051,113],{"class":75},[61,93053,493],{"class":126},[61,93055,113],{"class":75},[61,93057,2310],{"class":79},[61,93059,83],{"class":75},[61,93061,6587],{"class":79},[61,93063,460],{"class":75},[61,93065,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,93067,127],{"class":126},[61,93069,113],{"class":75},[61,93071,383],{"class":109},[61,93073,113],{"class":75},[61,93075,493],{"class":126},[61,93077,113],{"class":75},[61,93079,447],{"class":79},[61,93081,83],{"class":75},[61,93083,4065],{"class":79},[61,93085,83],{"class":75},[61,93087,2469],{"class":71},[61,93089,2310],{"class":79},[61,93091,460],{"class":75},[61,93093,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,93095,127],{"class":126},[61,93097,113],{"class":75},[61,93099,648],{"class":109},[61,93101,113],{"class":75},[61,93103,493],{"class":126},[61,93105,113],{"class":75},[61,93107,945],{"class":79},[61,93109,460],{"class":75},[14,93111,26229],{},[34,93113,93114,93117,93120],{},[37,93115,93116],{},"what values are being created",[37,93118,93119],{},"whether the direction is correct",[37,93121,93122,93123,24838],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,93124,493],{},[47,93126,1987],{"id":1986},[819,93128,12927,93130,93132],{"id":93129},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,93131,394],{}," include the last number?",[14,93134,93135],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[819,93137,2093,93139,93141,93142,2735],{"id":93138},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,93140,91068],{}," start at ",[18,93143,582],{},[14,93145,93146,93147,26],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,93148,582],{},[819,93150,5398,93152,93154],{"id":93151},"can-range-count-backward",[18,93153,394],{}," count backward?",[14,93156,93157,93158,26],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,93159,93160],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[819,93162,15124,93164,26264],{"id":93163},"is-range-a-list",[18,93165,394],{},[14,93167,26267,93168,93170,93171,24159],{},[18,93169,493],{}," object. Use ",[18,93172,93173],{},"list(range(...))",[819,93175,2093,93177,48908],{"id":93176},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,93178,93179],{},"range(input())",[14,93181,93182,3716,93184,26],{},[18,93183,3197],{},[18,93185,93186],{},"int(input())",[47,93188,2144],{"id":2143},[34,93190,93191,93195,93201,93207,93213],{},[37,93192,93193],{},[334,93194,36250],{"href":36249},[37,93196,93197],{},[334,93198,3808,93199,3741],{"href":42581},[18,93200,42584],{},[37,93202,93203],{},[334,93204,3808,93205,3741],{"href":92237},[18,93206,35970],{},[37,93208,93209],{},[334,93210,37740,93211,36830],{"href":36826},[18,93212,35970],{},[37,93214,93215],{},[334,93216,50747,93217],{"href":50746},[18,93218,50750],{},[2169,93220,93221],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":93223},[93224,93225,93227,93233,93241,93248,93250,93262,93263,93275],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":91077,"depth":101,"text":93226},"What range() does",{"id":91170,"depth":101,"text":93228,"children":93229},"range() syntax",[93230,93231,93232],{"id":91250,"depth":123,"text":91253},{"id":91314,"depth":123,"text":91317},{"id":91382,"depth":123,"text":91385},{"id":91453,"depth":101,"text":91454,"children":93234},[93235,93236,93237,93238,93239],{"id":91460,"depth":123,"text":91068},{"id":91523,"depth":123,"text":91526},{"id":91587,"depth":123,"text":91590},{"id":91663,"depth":123,"text":91664},{"id":77029,"depth":123,"text":93240},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91822,"depth":101,"text":93242,"children":93243},"Using range() in a for loop",[93244,93245,93246],{"id":91924,"depth":123,"text":91925},{"id":91969,"depth":123,"text":91970},{"id":92049,"depth":123,"text":93247},"range() and indexing",{"id":92324,"depth":101,"text":93249},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":93251},[93252,93253,93255,93256,93258,93260],{"id":92507,"depth":123,"text":92508},{"id":92603,"depth":123,"text":93254},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92669,"depth":123,"text":92670},{"id":92804,"depth":123,"text":93257},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92861,"depth":123,"text":93259},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92895,"depth":123,"text":93261},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92999,"depth":101,"text":93000},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":93264},[93265,93267,93269,93271,93273],{"id":93129,"depth":123,"text":93266},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93138,"depth":123,"text":93268},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93151,"depth":123,"text":93270},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93163,"depth":123,"text":93272},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93176,"depth":123,"text":93274},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90971,"description":93276},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93283,"title":93284,"body":93285,"description":94958,"extension":2216,"meta":94959,"navigation":271,"path":94960,"seo":94961,"stem":94962,"__hash__":94963},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93286,"toc":94931},[93287,93296,93303,93320,93336,93338,93387,93395,93399,93402,93422,93424,93488,93490,93533,93536,93582,93584,93617,93627,93633,93641,93658,93660,93691,93693,93718,93723,93734,93737,93807,93809,93840,93845,93850,93867,93869,93920,93922,93955,93958,93965,93970,93974,93990,93992,94036,94038,94084,94087,94100,94105,94109,94123,94125,94176,94178,94211,94216,94218,94225,94227,94250,94252,94317,94319,94336,94339,94372,94374,94402,94412,94419,94423,94426,94444,94447,94475,94478,94496,94501,94507,94510,94532,94534,94562,94564,94567,94592,94595,94708,94710,94789,94791,94797,94802,94810,94818,94822,94825,94827,94860,94862,94870,94876,94883,94890,94893,94895,94928],[10,93288,3808,93290,10806,93292,93295],{"id":93289},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93291,394],{},[18,93293,93294],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93297,93298,4621,93300,93302],{},[18,93299,394],{},[18,93301,93294],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[34,93304,93305,93313],{},[37,93306,93307,93309,93310],{},[18,93308,394],{}," creates a ",[23,93311,93312],{},"range object",[37,93314,93315,93309,93317],{},[18,93316,93294],{},[23,93318,93319],{},"real list",[14,93321,93322,93323,93325,93326,93329,93330,93332,93333,93335],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93324,91068],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93327,93328],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93331,394],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93334,93294],{}," when you actually need a list.",[47,93337,3842],{"id":3841},[52,93339,93341],{"className":54,"code":93340,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93342,93343,93357,93370],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93344,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93346,68],{"class":67},[61,93348,72],{"class":71},[61,93350,54294],{"class":126},[61,93352,113],{"class":75},[61,93354,945],{"class":79},[61,93356,120],{"class":75},[61,93358,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93360,127],{"class":126},[61,93362,113],{"class":75},[61,93364,117],{"class":116},[61,93366,3893],{"class":75},[61,93368,93369],{"class":3896},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[61,93371,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93373,127],{"class":126},[61,93375,113],{"class":75},[61,93377,383],{"class":109},[61,93379,113],{"class":75},[61,93381,117],{"class":116},[61,93383,5590],{"class":75},[61,93385,93386],{"class":3896},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93388,165,93389,93391,93392,93394],{},[18,93390,394],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93393,93294],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[47,93396,93398],{"id":93397},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93400,93401],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[34,93403,93404,93411,93416,93419],{},[37,93405,93406,22195,93408,93410],{},[18,93407,394],{},[23,93409,93312],{},", not a list",[37,93412,93413,93415],{},[18,93414,93294],{}," converts that range object into a list",[37,93417,93418],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[37,93420,93421],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93423,197],{},[52,93425,93427],{"className":54,"code":93426,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93428,93429,93444,93463,93467,93477],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93430,93431,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93432,93433],{"class":67},"r ",[61,93435,72],{"class":71},[61,93437,54294],{"class":126},[61,93439,113],{"class":75},[61,93441,945],{"class":79},[61,93443,120],{"class":75},[61,93445,93446,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93447,93448],{"class":67},"lst ",[61,93450,72],{"class":71},[61,93452,22780],{"class":109},[61,93454,113],{"class":75},[61,93456,493],{"class":126},[61,93458,113],{"class":75},[61,93460,945],{"class":79},[61,93462,480],{"class":75},[61,93464,93465],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93466,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,93468,93469,93471,93473,93475],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,93470,127],{"class":126},[61,93472,113],{"class":75},[61,93474,60726],{"class":116},[61,93476,120],{"class":75},[61,93478,93479,93481,93483,93486],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,93480,127],{"class":126},[61,93482,113],{"class":75},[61,93484,93485],{"class":116},"lst",[61,93487,120],{"class":75},[14,93489,139],{},[52,93491,93493],{"className":54,"code":93492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93494,93495,93509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93496,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93498,493],{"class":126},[61,93500,113],{"class":75},[61,93502,582],{"class":79},[61,93504,83],{"class":75},[61,93506,950],{"class":79},[61,93508,120],{"class":75},[61,93510,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93512,4129],{"class":75},[61,93514,582],{"class":79},[61,93516,83],{"class":75},[61,93518,587],{"class":79},[61,93520,83],{"class":75},[61,93522,86],{"class":79},[61,93524,83],{"class":75},[61,93526,95],{"class":79},[61,93528,83],{"class":75},[61,93530,1178],{"class":79},[61,93532,98],{"class":75},[14,93534,93535],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[52,93537,93539],{"className":54,"code":93538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93540,93541,93559],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93542,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93544,127],{"class":126},[61,93546,113],{"class":75},[61,93548,648],{"class":109},[61,93550,113],{"class":75},[61,93552,493],{"class":126},[61,93554,113],{"class":75},[61,93556,945],{"class":79},[61,93558,460],{"class":75},[61,93560,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93562,127],{"class":126},[61,93564,113],{"class":75},[61,93566,648],{"class":109},[61,93568,113],{"class":75},[61,93570,383],{"class":109},[61,93572,113],{"class":75},[61,93574,493],{"class":126},[61,93576,113],{"class":75},[61,93578,945],{"class":79},[61,93580,93581],{"class":75},"))))\n",[14,93583,139],{},[52,93585,93587],{"className":54,"code":93586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93588,93589,93603],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93590,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93592,672],{"class":71},[61,93594,676],{"class":675},[61,93596,308],{"class":214},[61,93598,493],{"class":218},[61,93600,299],{"class":214},[61,93602,685],{"class":71},[61,93604,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93606,672],{"class":71},[61,93608,676],{"class":675},[61,93610,308],{"class":214},[61,93612,383],{"class":218},[61,93614,299],{"class":214},[61,93616,685],{"class":71},[14,93618,93619,93620,93622,93623,26],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93621,394],{}," works, see ",[334,93624,3808,93625,3741],{"href":93278},[18,93626,394],{},[47,93628,3911,93630,93632],{"id":93629},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93631,394],{}," gives you",[14,93634,93635,93637,93638,93640],{},[18,93636,394],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93639,6186],{}," loops.",[34,93642,93643,93646,93649,93652],{},[37,93644,93645],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[37,93647,93648],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[37,93650,93651],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[37,93653,93654,93655],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93656,93657],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93659,197],{},[52,93661,93663],{"className":54,"code":93662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93664,93665,93681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93668,6186],{"class":1490},[61,93670,69765],{"class":67},[61,93672,1433],{"class":1490},[61,93674,54294],{"class":126},[61,93676,113],{"class":75},[61,93678,945],{"class":79},[61,93680,8572],{"class":75},[61,93682,93683,93685,93687,93689],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93684,8299],{"class":126},[61,93686,113],{"class":75},[61,93688,36376],{"class":116},[61,93690,120],{"class":75},[14,93692,139],{},[52,93694,93696],{"className":54,"code":93695,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93697,93698,93702,93706,93710,93714],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93699,93700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93701,47475],{"class":79},[61,93703,93704],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93705,47140],{"class":79},[61,93707,93708],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93709,17277],{"class":79},[61,93711,93712],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,93713,46840],{"class":79},[61,93715,93716],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,93717,48874],{"class":79},[14,93719,20991,93720,93722],{},[18,93721,91068],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93724,93725,93726,93728,93729,26],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93727,394],{}," is so common with ",[334,93730,3808,93732,91099],{"href":93731},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93733,6186],{},[14,93735,93736],{},"You can also inspect it:",[52,93738,93740],{"className":54,"code":93739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93741,93742,93764,93768,93778,93792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93743,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760,93762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93745,93433],{"class":67},[61,93747,72],{"class":71},[61,93749,54294],{"class":126},[61,93751,113],{"class":75},[61,93753,2310],{"class":79},[61,93755,83],{"class":75},[61,93757,457],{"class":79},[61,93759,83],{"class":75},[61,93761,86],{"class":79},[61,93763,120],{"class":75},[61,93765,93766],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93767,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,93769,93770,93772,93774,93776],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93771,127],{"class":126},[61,93773,113],{"class":75},[61,93775,60726],{"class":116},[61,93777,120],{"class":75},[61,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,93781,127],{"class":126},[61,93783,113],{"class":75},[61,93785,1948],{"class":126},[61,93787,113],{"class":75},[61,93789,60726],{"class":116},[61,93791,480],{"class":75},[61,93793,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93805],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,93795,127],{"class":126},[61,93797,113],{"class":75},[61,93799,80809],{"class":79},[61,93801,1491],{"class":1490},[61,93803,93804],{"class":116}," r",[61,93806,120],{"class":75},[14,93808,139],{},[52,93810,93812],{"className":54,"code":93811,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93813,93814,93832,93836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93815,93816,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93817,493],{"class":126},[61,93819,113],{"class":75},[61,93821,2310],{"class":79},[61,93823,83],{"class":75},[61,93825,457],{"class":79},[61,93827,83],{"class":75},[61,93829,86],{"class":79},[61,93831,120],{"class":75},[61,93833,93834],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93835,48874],{"class":79},[61,93837,93838],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93839,1524],{"class":1523},[47,93841,3911,93843,93632],{"id":93842},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93844,93294],{},[14,93846,93847,93849],{},[18,93848,93294],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[34,93851,93852,93855,93858,93861],{},[37,93853,93854],{},"It creates all values at once",[37,93856,93857],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[37,93859,93860],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[37,93862,93863,93864,93866],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93865,394],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93868,197],{},[52,93870,93872],{"className":54,"code":93871,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93873,93874,93892,93896,93906],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93875,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93877,68],{"class":67},[61,93879,72],{"class":71},[61,93881,22780],{"class":109},[61,93883,113],{"class":75},[61,93885,493],{"class":126},[61,93887,113],{"class":75},[61,93889,945],{"class":79},[61,93891,480],{"class":75},[61,93893,93894],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93895,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,93897,93898,93900,93902,93904],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,93899,127],{"class":126},[61,93901,113],{"class":75},[61,93903,117],{"class":116},[61,93905,120],{"class":75},[61,93907,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,93909,127],{"class":126},[61,93911,113],{"class":75},[61,93913,117],{"class":116},[61,93915,4129],{"class":75},[61,93917,2310],{"class":79},[61,93919,1474],{"class":75},[14,93921,139],{},[52,93923,93925],{"className":54,"code":93924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93926,93927,93951],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93928,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,93930,4129],{"class":75},[61,93932,582],{"class":79},[61,93934,83],{"class":75},[61,93936,587],{"class":79},[61,93938,83],{"class":75},[61,93940,86],{"class":79},[61,93942,83],{"class":75},[61,93944,95],{"class":79},[61,93946,83],{"class":75},[61,93948,1178],{"class":79},[61,93950,98],{"class":75},[61,93952,93953],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,93954,17277],{"class":79},[14,93956,93957],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93959,93960,93961,26],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[334,93962,3808,93963,3741],{"href":603},[18,93964,1880],{},[47,93966,5189,93968],{"id":93967},"when-to-use-range",[18,93969,394],{},[14,93971,165,93972,1422],{},[18,93973,394],{},[34,93975,93976,93981,93984,93987],{},[37,93977,93978,93979,91828],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93980,6186],{},[37,93982,93983],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[37,93985,93986],{},"You are working with large sequences",[37,93988,93989],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93991,197],{},[52,93993,93995],{"className":54,"code":93994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93996,93997,94017],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,93998,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94000,6186],{"class":1490},[61,94002,69765],{"class":67},[61,94004,1433],{"class":1490},[61,94006,54294],{"class":126},[61,94008,113],{"class":75},[61,94010,80],{"class":79},[61,94012,83],{"class":75},[61,94014,37865],{"class":79},[61,94016,8572],{"class":75},[61,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94028,94030,94032,94034],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94020,8299],{"class":126},[61,94022,113],{"class":75},[61,94024,215],{"class":214},[61,94026,94027],{"class":218},"Count:",[61,94029,215],{"class":214},[61,94031,83],{"class":75},[61,94033,36351],{"class":116},[61,94035,120],{"class":75},[14,94037,139],{},[52,94039,94041],{"className":54,"code":94040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,94042,94043,94052,94060,94068,94076],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94044,94045,94048,94050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94046,94047],{"class":67},"Count",[61,94049,378],{"class":75},[61,94051,29836],{"class":79},[61,94053,94054,94056,94058],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94055,94047],{"class":67},[61,94057,378],{"class":75},[61,94059,45813],{"class":79},[61,94061,94062,94064,94066],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94063,94047],{"class":67},[61,94065,378],{"class":75},[61,94067,2819],{"class":79},[61,94069,94070,94072,94074],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,94071,94047],{"class":67},[61,94073,378],{"class":75},[61,94075,23884],{"class":79},[61,94077,94078,94080,94082],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,94079,94047],{"class":67},[61,94081,378],{"class":75},[61,94083,35063],{"class":79},[14,94085,94086],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,94088,94089,94090,94092,94093,62506,94095,26],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,94091,35970],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,94094,36820],{},[334,94096,36827,94098,36830],{"href":94097},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,94099,35970],{},[47,94101,5189,94103],{"id":94102},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,94104,93294],{},[14,94106,165,94107,1422],{},[18,94108,93294],{},[34,94110,94111,94114,94117,94120],{},[37,94112,94113],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[37,94115,94116],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[37,94118,94119],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[37,94121,94122],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94124,197],{},[52,94126,94128],{"className":54,"code":94127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,94129,94130,94148,94162,94166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94131,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94133,68],{"class":67},[61,94135,72],{"class":71},[61,94137,22780],{"class":109},[61,94139,113],{"class":75},[61,94141,493],{"class":126},[61,94143,113],{"class":75},[61,94145,945],{"class":79},[61,94147,480],{"class":75},[61,94149,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94151,117],{"class":67},[61,94153,26],{"class":75},[61,94155,13775],{"class":116},[61,94157,113],{"class":75},[61,94159,945],{"class":79},[61,94161,120],{"class":75},[61,94163,94164],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94165,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,94167,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,94169,127],{"class":126},[61,94171,113],{"class":75},[61,94173,117],{"class":116},[61,94175,120],{"class":75},[14,94177,139],{},[52,94179,94181],{"className":54,"code":94180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,94182,94183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94184,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94186,4129],{"class":75},[61,94188,582],{"class":79},[61,94190,83],{"class":75},[61,94192,587],{"class":79},[61,94194,83],{"class":75},[61,94196,86],{"class":79},[61,94198,83],{"class":75},[61,94200,95],{"class":79},[61,94202,83],{"class":75},[61,94204,1178],{"class":79},[61,94206,83],{"class":75},[61,94208,950],{"class":79},[61,94210,98],{"class":75},[14,94212,6288,94213,94215],{},[18,94214,117],{}," is a list.",[47,94217,15818],{"id":15817},[14,94219,94220,94222,94223,26],{},[18,94221,394],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[23,94224,37819],{},[14,94226,2359],{},[34,94228,94229,94231,94236,94241,94244],{},[37,94230,22205],{},[37,94232,94233,94234],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,94235,42584],{},[37,94237,94238,94239],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,94240,1433],{},[37,94242,94243],{},"You can index it",[37,94245,94246,94247,94249],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,94248,52876],{}," do not work on it",[14,94251,197],{},[52,94253,94255],{"className":54,"code":94254,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,94256,94257,94271,94275,94289,94303],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94258,94259,94261,94263,94265,94267,94269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94260,93433],{"class":67},[61,94262,72],{"class":71},[61,94264,54294],{"class":126},[61,94266,113],{"class":75},[61,94268,945],{"class":79},[61,94270,120],{"class":75},[61,94272,94273],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94274,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,94276,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94278,127],{"class":126},[61,94280,113],{"class":75},[61,94282,60726],{"class":116},[61,94284,4129],{"class":75},[61,94286,2310],{"class":79},[61,94288,1474],{"class":75},[61,94290,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,94292,127],{"class":126},[61,94294,113],{"class":75},[61,94296,1948],{"class":126},[61,94298,113],{"class":75},[61,94300,60726],{"class":116},[61,94302,480],{"class":75},[61,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,94306,127],{"class":126},[61,94308,113],{"class":75},[61,94310,1321],{"class":79},[61,94312,1491],{"class":1490},[61,94314,93804],{"class":116},[61,94316,120],{"class":75},[14,94318,139],{},[52,94320,94322],{"className":54,"code":94321,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94323,94324,94328,94332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94325,94326],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94327,17277],{"class":79},[61,94329,94330],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94331,3186],{"class":79},[61,94333,94334],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94335,1524],{"class":1523},[14,94337,94338],{},"Now compare that with this:",[52,94340,94342],{"className":54,"code":94341,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94343,94344,94358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94345,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94347,93433],{"class":67},[61,94349,72],{"class":71},[61,94351,54294],{"class":126},[61,94353,113],{"class":75},[61,94355,945],{"class":79},[61,94357,120],{"class":75},[61,94359,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94361,60726],{"class":67},[61,94363,26],{"class":75},[61,94365,13775],{"class":116},[61,94367,113],{"class":75},[61,94369,945],{"class":79},[61,94371,120],{"class":75},[14,94373,139],{},[52,94375,94377],{"className":54,"code":94376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94378,94379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94380,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94396,94398,94400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94382,25892],{"class":109},[61,94384,378],{"class":75},[61,94386,308],{"class":214},[61,94388,493],{"class":218},[61,94390,299],{"class":214},[61,94392,24838],{"class":109},[61,94394,94395],{"class":67}," has no attribute ",[61,94397,299],{"class":214},[61,94399,13775],{"class":218},[61,94401,29921],{"class":214},[14,94403,94404,94405,2437,94407,2440,94409,94411],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94406,52876],{},[18,94408,55753],{},[18,94410,64530],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94413,94414,94415,26],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[334,94416,25900,94417],{"href":35640},[18,94418,34477],{},[47,94420,94422],{"id":94421},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94424,94425],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[52,94427,94428],{"className":54,"code":92904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94429,94430],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94431,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94433,127],{"class":126},[61,94435,113],{"class":75},[61,94437,493],{"class":126},[61,94439,113],{"class":75},[61,94441,945],{"class":79},[61,94443,480],{"class":75},[14,94445,94446],{},"to show:",[52,94448,94449],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94450,94451],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94452,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94454,4129],{"class":75},[61,94456,582],{"class":79},[61,94458,83],{"class":75},[61,94460,587],{"class":79},[61,94462,83],{"class":75},[61,94464,86],{"class":79},[61,94466,83],{"class":75},[61,94468,95],{"class":79},[61,94470,83],{"class":75},[61,94472,1178],{"class":79},[61,94474,98],{"class":75},[14,94476,94477],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[52,94479,94480],{"className":54,"code":92925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94481,94482],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94483,94484,94486,94488,94490,94492,94494],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94485,493],{"class":126},[61,94487,113],{"class":75},[61,94489,582],{"class":79},[61,94491,83],{"class":75},[61,94493,950],{"class":79},[61,94495,120],{"class":75},[14,94497,4856,94498,94500],{},[23,94499,704],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94502,94503,94504,94506],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[23,94505,93312],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94508,94509],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[52,94511,94512],{"className":54,"code":91261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94513,94514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94517,127],{"class":126},[61,94519,113],{"class":75},[61,94521,383],{"class":109},[61,94523,113],{"class":75},[61,94525,493],{"class":126},[61,94527,113],{"class":75},[61,94529,945],{"class":79},[61,94531,460],{"class":75},[14,94533,139],{},[52,94535,94536],{"className":54,"code":60246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94537,94538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558,94560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94541,4129],{"class":75},[61,94543,582],{"class":79},[61,94545,83],{"class":75},[61,94547,587],{"class":79},[61,94549,83],{"class":75},[61,94551,86],{"class":79},[61,94553,83],{"class":75},[61,94555,95],{"class":79},[61,94557,83],{"class":75},[61,94559,1178],{"class":79},[61,94561,98],{"class":75},[47,94563,1741],{"id":1740},[14,94565,94566],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[34,94568,94569,94575,94578,94584],{},[37,94570,1750,94571,94574],{},[18,94572,94573],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[37,94576,94577],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[37,94579,94580,94581,94583],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94582,394],{}," is iterable but not a list",[37,94585,1750,94586,94588,94589,94591],{},[18,94587,93294],{}," when plain ",[18,94590,394],{}," would be simpler",[14,94593,94594],{},"These quick checks can help:",[52,94596,94598],{"className":54,"code":94597,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94599,94600,94614,94632,94650,94672,94690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94601,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94603,127],{"class":126},[61,94605,113],{"class":75},[61,94607,493],{"class":126},[61,94609,113],{"class":75},[61,94611,945],{"class":79},[61,94613,480],{"class":75},[61,94615,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94617,127],{"class":126},[61,94619,113],{"class":75},[61,94621,383],{"class":109},[61,94623,113],{"class":75},[61,94625,493],{"class":126},[61,94627,113],{"class":75},[61,94629,945],{"class":79},[61,94631,460],{"class":75},[61,94633,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94635,127],{"class":126},[61,94637,113],{"class":75},[61,94639,648],{"class":109},[61,94641,113],{"class":75},[61,94643,493],{"class":126},[61,94645,113],{"class":75},[61,94647,945],{"class":79},[61,94649,460],{"class":75},[61,94651,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,94653,127],{"class":126},[61,94655,113],{"class":75},[61,94657,648],{"class":109},[61,94659,113],{"class":75},[61,94661,383],{"class":109},[61,94663,113],{"class":75},[61,94665,493],{"class":126},[61,94667,113],{"class":75},[61,94669,945],{"class":79},[61,94671,93581],{"class":75},[61,94673,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,94675,127],{"class":126},[61,94677,113],{"class":75},[61,94679,1321],{"class":79},[61,94681,1491],{"class":1490},[61,94683,54294],{"class":126},[61,94685,113],{"class":75},[61,94687,945],{"class":79},[61,94689,480],{"class":75},[61,94691,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94704,94706],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,94693,127],{"class":126},[61,94695,113],{"class":75},[61,94697,1948],{"class":126},[61,94699,113],{"class":75},[61,94701,493],{"class":126},[61,94703,113],{"class":75},[61,94705,945],{"class":79},[61,94707,460],{"class":75},[14,94709,139],{},[52,94711,94713],{"className":54,"code":94712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94714,94715,94729,94753,94767,94781,94785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94718,493],{"class":126},[61,94720,113],{"class":75},[61,94722,582],{"class":79},[61,94724,83],{"class":75},[61,94726,950],{"class":79},[61,94728,120],{"class":75},[61,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747,94749,94751],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94732,4129],{"class":75},[61,94734,582],{"class":79},[61,94736,83],{"class":75},[61,94738,587],{"class":79},[61,94740,83],{"class":75},[61,94742,86],{"class":79},[61,94744,83],{"class":75},[61,94746,95],{"class":79},[61,94748,83],{"class":75},[61,94750,1178],{"class":79},[61,94752,98],{"class":75},[61,94754,94755,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,94756,672],{"class":71},[61,94758,676],{"class":675},[61,94760,308],{"class":214},[61,94762,493],{"class":218},[61,94764,299],{"class":214},[61,94766,685],{"class":71},[61,94768,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,94770,672],{"class":71},[61,94772,676],{"class":675},[61,94774,308],{"class":214},[61,94776,383],{"class":218},[61,94778,299],{"class":214},[61,94780,685],{"class":71},[61,94782,94783],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,94784,1524],{"class":1523},[61,94786,94787],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,94788,3186],{"class":79},[47,94790,1987],{"id":1986},[819,94792,15124,94794,94796],{"id":94793},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94795,394],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94798,46589,94799,94801],{},[18,94800,394],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[819,94803,94805,94806,11313,94808,2735],{"id":94804},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94807,394],{},[18,94809,93294],{},[14,94811,94812,94814,94815,94817],{},[18,94813,394],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94816,93294],{}," creates a full list.",[819,94819,94821],{"id":94820},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94823,94824],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94826,197],{},[52,94828,94830],{"className":54,"code":94829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94831,94832,94846],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94833,94834,94836,94838,94840,94842,94844],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94835,93433],{"class":67},[61,94837,72],{"class":71},[61,94839,54294],{"class":126},[61,94841,113],{"class":75},[61,94843,945],{"class":79},[61,94845,120],{"class":75},[61,94847,94848,94850,94852,94854,94856,94858],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,94849,127],{"class":126},[61,94851,113],{"class":75},[61,94853,60726],{"class":116},[61,94855,4129],{"class":75},[61,94857,80],{"class":79},[61,94859,1474],{"class":75},[14,94861,139],{},[52,94863,94864],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,94865,94866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,94867,94868],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,94869,47140],{"class":79},[819,94871,2093,94873,94875],{"id":94872},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94874,94573],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94877,94878,94879,94882],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94880,94881],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[819,94884,94886,94887,94889],{"id":94885},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94888,394],{}," to a list?",[14,94891,94892],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[47,94894,2144],{"id":2143},[34,94896,94897,94903,94909,94916,94922],{},[37,94898,94899],{},[334,94900,3808,94901,3741],{"href":93278},[18,94902,394],{},[37,94904,94905],{},[334,94906,3808,94907,3741],{"href":603},[18,94908,1880],{},[37,94910,94911],{},[334,94912,3808,94913,94915],{"href":93731},[18,94914,6186],{}," loops explained",[37,94917,94918],{},[334,94919,37740,94920,36830],{"href":94097},[18,94921,35970],{},[37,94923,94924],{},[334,94925,26343,94926],{"href":35640},[18,94927,34477],{},[2169,94929,94930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":94932},[94933,94934,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94944,94945,94946,94957],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":93397,"depth":101,"text":93398},{"id":93629,"depth":101,"text":94936},"What range() gives you",{"id":93842,"depth":101,"text":94938},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93967,"depth":101,"text":94940},"When to use range()",{"id":94102,"depth":101,"text":94942},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15817,"depth":101,"text":15818},{"id":94421,"depth":101,"text":94422},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":94947},[94948,94950,94952,94953,94955],{"id":94793,"depth":123,"text":94949},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94804,"depth":123,"text":94951},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94820,"depth":123,"text":94821},{"id":94872,"depth":123,"text":94954},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94885,"depth":123,"text":94956},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93284,"description":94958},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94965,"title":94966,"body":94967,"description":96403,"extension":2216,"meta":96404,"navigation":271,"path":96405,"seo":96406,"stem":96407,"__hash__":96408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94968,"toc":96369},[94969,94975,94980,94983,94997,95000,95002,95041,95043,95056,95064,95069,95085,95088,95090,95092,95113,95130,95133,95192,95194,95213,95218,95224,95227,95261,95263,95276,95279,95324,95326,95349,95356,95362,95365,95406,95408,95422,95425,95483,95485,95500,95513,95519,95525,95590,95592,95611,95613,95631,95634,95638,95644,95646,95679,95681,95694,95704,95707,95768,95770,95791,95794,95796,95812,95817,95821,95826,95831,95887,95889,95907,95910,95955,95957,95965,95970,95974,95988,95990,96022,96024,96033,96035,96039,96048,96051,96083,96085,96097,96100,96104,96109,96150,96152,96160,96163,96186,96190,96192,96201,96204,96257,96259,96268,96272,96277,96288,96290,96299,96302,96308,96311,96317,96327,96335,96342,96344,96366],[10,94970,3808,94972,3812],{"id":94971},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94973,94974],{},"round()",[14,94976,16,94977,94979],{},[18,94978,94974],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94981,94982],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[34,94984,94985,94991],{},[37,94986,94987,94990],{},[18,94988,94989],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[37,94992,94993,94996],{},[18,94994,94995],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94998,94999],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[47,95001,50],{"id":49},[52,95003,95005],{"className":54,"code":95004,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,95006,95007,95023],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95008,95009,95011,95013,95016,95018,95021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95010,127],{"class":126},[61,95012,113],{"class":75},[61,95014,95015],{"class":126},"round",[61,95017,113],{"class":75},[61,95019,95020],{"class":79},"3.14159",[61,95022,480],{"class":75},[61,95024,95025,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037,95039],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95026,127],{"class":126},[61,95028,113],{"class":75},[61,95030,95015],{"class":126},[61,95032,113],{"class":75},[61,95034,95020],{"class":79},[61,95036,83],{"class":75},[61,95038,86],{"class":79},[61,95040,480],{"class":75},[14,95042,139],{},[52,95044,95046],{"className":54,"code":95045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n3.14\n",[18,95047,95048,95052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95049,95050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95051,46840],{"class":79},[61,95053,95054],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95055,40399],{"class":79},[14,95057,165,95058,95060,95061,95063],{},[18,95059,94989],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,95062,94995],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[47,95065,3911,95067,3914],{"id":95066},"what-round-does",[18,95068,94974],{},[34,95070,95071,95076,95079,95082],{},[37,95072,95073,95075],{},[18,95074,94974],{}," is a built-in Python function",[37,95077,95078],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[37,95080,95081],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[37,95083,95084],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95086,95087],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[47,95089,341],{"id":340},[14,95091,344],{},[52,95093,95095],{"className":54,"code":95094,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,95096,95097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95098,95099,95101,95103,95105,95108,95111],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95100,95015],{"class":126},[61,95102,113],{"class":75},[61,95104,2486],{"class":116},[61,95106,95107],{"class":75},"[,",[61,95109,95110],{"class":116}," ndigits",[61,95112,1474],{"class":75},[34,95114,95115,95120,95125],{},[37,95116,95117,95119],{},[18,95118,2486],{}," is the value to round",[37,95121,95122,20259],{},[18,95123,95124],{},"ndigits",[37,95126,95127,95129],{},[18,95128,95124],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95131,95132],{},"Basic examples:",[52,95134,95136],{"className":54,"code":95135,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,95137,95138,95153,95171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95139,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148,95151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95141,127],{"class":126},[61,95143,113],{"class":75},[61,95145,95015],{"class":126},[61,95147,113],{"class":75},[61,95149,95150],{"class":79},"7.8",[61,95152,480],{"class":75},[61,95154,95155,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95156,127],{"class":126},[61,95158,113],{"class":75},[61,95160,95015],{"class":126},[61,95162,113],{"class":75},[61,95164,95150],{"class":79},[61,95166,83],{"class":75},[61,95168,587],{"class":79},[61,95170,480],{"class":75},[61,95172,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181,95184,95186,95188,95190],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95174,127],{"class":126},[61,95176,113],{"class":75},[61,95178,95015],{"class":126},[61,95180,113],{"class":75},[61,95182,95183],{"class":79},"1234",[61,95185,83],{"class":75},[61,95187,2469],{"class":71},[61,95189,2310],{"class":79},[61,95191,480],{"class":75},[14,95193,139],{},[52,95195,95197],{"className":54,"code":95196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,95198,95199,95203,95208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95200,95201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95202,2626],{"class":79},[61,95204,95205],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95206,95207],{"class":79},"7.8\n",[61,95209,95210],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95211,95212],{"class":79},"1200\n",[14,95214,95215,95216,26],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[334,95217,2665],{"href":2664},[47,95219,1750,95221,95223],{"id":95220},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,95222,94974],{}," with one argument",[14,95225,95226],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[52,95228,95230],{"className":54,"code":95229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,95231,95232,95246],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95233,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242,95244],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95235,127],{"class":126},[61,95237,113],{"class":75},[61,95239,95015],{"class":126},[61,95241,113],{"class":75},[61,95243,2607],{"class":79},[61,95245,480],{"class":75},[61,95247,95248,95250,95252,95254,95256,95259],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95249,127],{"class":126},[61,95251,113],{"class":75},[61,95253,95015],{"class":126},[61,95255,113],{"class":75},[61,95257,95258],{"class":79},"4.8",[61,95260,480],{"class":75},[14,95262,139],{},[52,95264,95266],{"className":54,"code":95265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4\n5\n",[18,95267,95268,95272],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95269,95270],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95271,48874],{"class":79},[61,95273,95274],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95275,3186],{"class":79},[14,95277,95278],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[52,95280,95282],{"className":54,"code":95281,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95283,95284,95300,95310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95285,95286,95288,95290,95293,95295,95298],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95287,869],{"class":67},[61,95289,72],{"class":71},[61,95291,95292],{"class":126}," round",[61,95294,113],{"class":75},[61,95296,95297],{"class":79},"10.2",[61,95299,120],{"class":75},[61,95301,95302,95304,95306,95308],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95303,127],{"class":126},[61,95305,113],{"class":75},[61,95307,892],{"class":116},[61,95309,120],{"class":75},[61,95311,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320,95322],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95313,127],{"class":126},[61,95315,113],{"class":75},[61,95317,648],{"class":109},[61,95319,113],{"class":75},[61,95321,892],{"class":116},[61,95323,480],{"class":75},[14,95325,139],{},[52,95327,95329],{"className":54,"code":95328,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95330,95331,95335],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95332,95333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95334,2621],{"class":79},[61,95336,95337,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95338,672],{"class":71},[61,95340,676],{"class":675},[61,95342,308],{"class":214},[61,95344,1203],{"class":218},[61,95346,299],{"class":214},[61,95348,685],{"class":71},[14,95350,95351,95352,26],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[334,95353,3808,95354,3741],{"href":3115},[18,95355,3118],{},[47,95357,1750,95359,95361],{"id":95358},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95360,94974],{}," with decimal places",[14,95363,95364],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[52,95366,95368],{"className":54,"code":95367,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95369,95370,95388],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95371,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95373,127],{"class":126},[61,95375,113],{"class":75},[61,95377,95015],{"class":126},[61,95379,113],{"class":75},[61,95381,95020],{"class":79},[61,95383,83],{"class":75},[61,95385,86],{"class":79},[61,95387,480],{"class":75},[61,95389,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95391,127],{"class":126},[61,95393,113],{"class":75},[61,95395,95015],{"class":126},[61,95397,113],{"class":75},[61,95399,95020],{"class":79},[61,95401,83],{"class":75},[61,95403,95],{"class":79},[61,95405,480],{"class":75},[14,95407,139],{},[52,95409,95411],{"className":54,"code":95410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95412,95413,95417],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95414,95415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95416,40399],{"class":79},[61,95418,95419],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95420,95421],{"class":79},"3.142\n",[14,95423,95424],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[52,95426,95428],{"className":54,"code":95427,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95429,95430,95439,95458,95462,95472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95431,95432,95434,95436],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95433,40609],{"class":67},[61,95435,72],{"class":71},[61,95437,95438],{"class":79}," 19.9876\n",[61,95440,95441,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95442,95443],{"class":67},"rounded_price ",[61,95445,72],{"class":71},[61,95447,95292],{"class":126},[61,95449,113],{"class":75},[61,95451,25370],{"class":116},[61,95453,83],{"class":75},[61,95455,86],{"class":79},[61,95457,120],{"class":75},[61,95459,95460],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95461,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,95463,95464,95466,95468,95470],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,95465,127],{"class":126},[61,95467,113],{"class":75},[61,95469,25370],{"class":116},[61,95471,120],{"class":75},[61,95473,95474,95476,95478,95481],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,95475,127],{"class":126},[61,95477,113],{"class":75},[61,95479,95480],{"class":116},"rounded_price",[61,95482,120],{"class":75},[14,95484,139],{},[52,95486,95488],{"className":54,"code":95487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95489,95490,95495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95491,95492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95493,95494],{"class":79},"19.9876\n",[61,95496,95497],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95498,95499],{"class":79},"19.99\n",[14,95501,95502,95503,95506,95507,1881,95509,26],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95504,95505],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[334,95508,41114],{"href":41113},[334,95510,3808,95511,3741],{"href":3121},[18,95512,3124],{},[47,95514,95516,95517],{"id":95515},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95518,95124],{},[14,95520,95521,95522,95524],{},"A negative ",[18,95523,95124],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[52,95526,95528],{"className":54,"code":95527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95529,95530,95550,95570],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95531,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95533,127],{"class":126},[61,95535,113],{"class":75},[61,95537,95015],{"class":126},[61,95539,113],{"class":75},[61,95541,95183],{"class":79},[61,95543,83],{"class":75},[61,95545,2469],{"class":71},[61,95547,80],{"class":79},[61,95549,480],{"class":75},[61,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95553,127],{"class":126},[61,95555,113],{"class":75},[61,95557,95015],{"class":126},[61,95559,113],{"class":75},[61,95561,95183],{"class":79},[61,95563,83],{"class":75},[61,95565,2469],{"class":71},[61,95567,2310],{"class":79},[61,95569,480],{"class":75},[61,95571,95572,95574,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584,95586,95588],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95573,127],{"class":126},[61,95575,113],{"class":75},[61,95577,95015],{"class":126},[61,95579,113],{"class":75},[61,95581,95183],{"class":79},[61,95583,83],{"class":75},[61,95585,2469],{"class":71},[61,95587,1321],{"class":79},[61,95589,480],{"class":75},[14,95591,139],{},[52,95593,95595],{"className":54,"code":95594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95596,95597,95602,95606],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95598,95599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95600,95601],{"class":79},"1230\n",[61,95603,95604],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95605,95212],{"class":79},[61,95607,95608],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95609,95610],{"class":79},"1000\n",[14,95612,65801],{},[34,95614,95615,95620,95626],{},[37,95616,95617,95619],{},[18,95618,66071],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[37,95621,95622,95625],{},[18,95623,95624],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[37,95627,95628,95630],{},[18,95629,47894],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95632,95633],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[47,95635,95637],{"id":95636},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95639,95640,95641,26],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95642,95643],{},".5",[14,95645,5701],{},[52,95647,95649],{"className":54,"code":95648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95650,95651,95665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95652,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661,95663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95654,127],{"class":126},[61,95656,113],{"class":75},[61,95658,95015],{"class":126},[61,95660,113],{"class":75},[61,95662,41381],{"class":79},[61,95664,480],{"class":75},[61,95666,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95668,127],{"class":126},[61,95670,113],{"class":75},[61,95672,95015],{"class":126},[61,95674,113],{"class":75},[61,95676,2293],{"class":79},[61,95678,480],{"class":75},[14,95680,139],{},[52,95682,95684],{"className":54,"code":95683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n4\n",[18,95685,95686,95690],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95687,95688],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95689,17277],{"class":79},[61,95691,95692],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95693,48874],{"class":79},[14,95695,95696,95697,95700,95701,95703],{},"Python uses ",[23,95698,95699],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95702,95643],{}," situations.",[14,95705,95706],{},"More examples:",[52,95708,95710],{"className":54,"code":95709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95711,95712,95726,95740,95754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95713,95714,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95715,127],{"class":126},[61,95717,113],{"class":75},[61,95719,95015],{"class":126},[61,95721,113],{"class":75},[61,95723,41394],{"class":79},[61,95725,480],{"class":75},[61,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95729,127],{"class":126},[61,95731,113],{"class":75},[61,95733,95015],{"class":126},[61,95735,113],{"class":75},[61,95737,41381],{"class":79},[61,95739,480],{"class":75},[61,95741,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95743,127],{"class":126},[61,95745,113],{"class":75},[61,95747,95015],{"class":126},[61,95749,113],{"class":75},[61,95751,2293],{"class":79},[61,95753,480],{"class":75},[61,95755,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,95757,127],{"class":126},[61,95759,113],{"class":75},[61,95761,95015],{"class":126},[61,95763,113],{"class":75},[61,95765,41346],{"class":79},[61,95767,480],{"class":75},[14,95769,139],{},[52,95771,95773],{"className":54,"code":95772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95774,95775,95779,95783,95787],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95776,95777],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95778,17277],{"class":79},[61,95780,95781],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95782,17277],{"class":79},[61,95784,95785],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95786,48874],{"class":79},[61,95788,95789],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,95790,48874],{"class":79},[14,95792,95793],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95795,10933],{},[34,95797,95798,95805],{},[37,95799,95800,2384,95803],{},[18,95801,95802],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95804,2310],{},[37,95806,95807,2384,95810],{},[18,95808,95809],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95811,498],{},[14,95813,3405,95814,95816],{},[18,95815,95643],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[47,95818,95820],{"id":95819},"return-values","Return values",[14,95822,95823,95825],{},[18,95824,94974],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95827,41128,95828,95830],{},[23,95829,704],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[52,95832,95834],{"className":54,"code":95833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95835,95836,95845,95849,95859,95877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95837,95838,95840,95842],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95839,1766],{"class":67},[61,95841,72],{"class":71},[61,95843,95844],{"class":79}," 3.14159\n",[61,95846,95847],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95848,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,95850,95851,95853,95855,95857],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95852,127],{"class":126},[61,95854,113],{"class":75},[61,95856,1783],{"class":116},[61,95858,120],{"class":75},[61,95860,95861,95863,95865,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,95862,127],{"class":126},[61,95864,113],{"class":75},[61,95866,95015],{"class":126},[61,95868,113],{"class":75},[61,95870,1783],{"class":116},[61,95872,83],{"class":75},[61,95874,86],{"class":79},[61,95876,480],{"class":75},[61,95878,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,95880,127],{"class":126},[61,95882,113],{"class":75},[61,95884,1783],{"class":116},[61,95886,120],{"class":75},[14,95888,139],{},[52,95890,95892],{"className":54,"code":95891,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95893,95894,95899,95903],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95895,95896],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95897,95898],{"class":79},"3.14159\n",[61,95900,95901],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95902,40399],{"class":79},[61,95904,95905],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95906,95898],{"class":79},[14,95908,95909],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[52,95911,95913],{"className":54,"code":95912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95914,95915,95923,95941,95945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95916,95917,95919,95921],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95918,1766],{"class":67},[61,95920,72],{"class":71},[61,95922,95844],{"class":79},[61,95924,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,95926,1766],{"class":67},[61,95928,72],{"class":71},[61,95930,95292],{"class":126},[61,95932,113],{"class":75},[61,95934,1783],{"class":116},[61,95936,83],{"class":75},[61,95938,86],{"class":79},[61,95940,120],{"class":75},[61,95942,95943],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,95944,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,95946,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,95948,127],{"class":126},[61,95950,113],{"class":75},[61,95952,1783],{"class":116},[61,95954,120],{"class":75},[14,95956,139],{},[52,95958,95959],{"className":54,"code":40399,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,95960,95961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95962,95963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95964,40399],{"class":79},[47,95966,5189,95968],{"id":95967},"when-to-use-round",[18,95969,94974],{},[14,95971,165,95972,6545],{},[18,95973,94974],{},[34,95975,95976,95979,95982,95985],{},[37,95977,95978],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[37,95980,95981],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[37,95983,95984],{},"Round values before reporting results",[37,95986,95987],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95989,5701],{},[52,95991,95993],{"className":54,"code":95992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95994,95995,96004],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,95996,95997,95999,96001],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,95998,2837],{"class":67},[61,96000,72],{"class":71},[61,96002,96003],{"class":79}," 12.67891\n",[61,96005,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018,96020],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96007,127],{"class":126},[61,96009,113],{"class":75},[61,96011,95015],{"class":126},[61,96013,113],{"class":75},[61,96015,2860],{"class":116},[61,96017,83],{"class":75},[61,96019,86],{"class":79},[61,96021,480],{"class":75},[14,96023,139],{},[52,96025,96027],{"className":54,"code":96026,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"12.68\n",[18,96028,96029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96030,96031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96032,96026],{"class":79},[47,96034,1741],{"id":1740},[14,96036,23315,96037,26],{},[18,96038,94974],{},[819,96040,1864,96042,96044,96045,96047],{"id":96041},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,96043,94974],{}," to always round ",[18,96046,95643],{}," upward",[14,96049,96050],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[52,96052,96053],{"className":54,"code":95648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,96054,96055,96069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96056,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96058,127],{"class":126},[61,96060,113],{"class":75},[61,96062,95015],{"class":126},[61,96064,113],{"class":75},[61,96066,41381],{"class":79},[61,96068,480],{"class":75},[61,96070,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96072,127],{"class":126},[61,96074,113],{"class":75},[61,96076,95015],{"class":126},[61,96078,113],{"class":75},[61,96080,2293],{"class":79},[61,96082,480],{"class":75},[14,96084,139],{},[52,96086,96087],{"className":54,"code":95683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,96088,96089,96093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96090,96091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96092,17277],{"class":79},[61,96094,96095],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96096,48874],{"class":79},[14,96098,96099],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[819,96101,96103],{"id":96102},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,96105,96106,96108],{},[18,96107,94974],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[52,96110,96112],{"className":54,"code":96111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,96113,96114,96122,96136,96140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96115,96116,96118,96120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96117,1766],{"class":67},[61,96119,72],{"class":71},[61,96121,95844],{"class":79},[61,96123,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96125,95015],{"class":126},[61,96127,113],{"class":75},[61,96129,1783],{"class":116},[61,96131,83],{"class":75},[61,96133,86],{"class":79},[61,96135,120],{"class":75},[61,96137,96138],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96139,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96141,96142,96144,96146,96148],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96143,127],{"class":126},[61,96145,113],{"class":75},[61,96147,1783],{"class":116},[61,96149,120],{"class":75},[14,96151,139],{},[52,96153,96154],{"className":54,"code":95898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,96155,96156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96157,96158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96159,95898],{"class":79},[14,96161,96162],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[52,96164,96166],{"className":54,"code":96165,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,96167,96168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96169,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96171,1766],{"class":67},[61,96173,72],{"class":71},[61,96175,95292],{"class":126},[61,96177,113],{"class":75},[61,96179,1783],{"class":116},[61,96181,83],{"class":75},[61,96183,86],{"class":79},[61,96185,120],{"class":75},[819,96187,96189],{"id":96188},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96191,16621],{},[52,96193,96195],{"className":54,"code":96194,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,96196,96197],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96198,96199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96200,96194],{"class":3896},[14,96202,96203],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[52,96205,96207],{"className":54,"code":96206,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,96208,96209,96221,96235,96239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96210,96211,96213,96215,96217,96219],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96212,1033],{"class":67},[61,96214,72],{"class":71},[61,96216,226],{"class":214},[61,96218,40365],{"class":218},[61,96220,1043],{"class":214},[61,96222,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96224,2464],{"class":67},[61,96226,72],{"class":71},[61,96228,40477],{"class":109},[61,96230,113],{"class":75},[61,96232,1056],{"class":116},[61,96234,120],{"class":75},[61,96236,96237],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96238,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96240,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96242,127],{"class":126},[61,96244,113],{"class":75},[61,96246,95015],{"class":126},[61,96248,113],{"class":75},[61,96250,2486],{"class":116},[61,96252,83],{"class":75},[61,96254,587],{"class":79},[61,96256,480],{"class":75},[14,96258,139],{},[52,96260,96262],{"className":54,"code":96261,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.1\n",[18,96263,96264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96265,96266],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96267,96261],{"class":79},[819,96269,96271],{"id":96270},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96273,96274,96276],{},[18,96275,94974],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96278,96279,96280,1881,96284,26],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[334,96281,96282],{"href":3121},[18,96283,3124],{},[334,96285,96286],{"href":3115},[18,96287,3118],{},[47,96289,1987],{"id":1986},[819,96291,12927,96293,96295,96296,96298],{"id":96292},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96294,94974],{}," always round ",[18,96297,40436],{}," up?",[14,96300,96301],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[819,96303,12927,96305,96307],{"id":96304},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96306,94974],{}," change the original number?",[14,96309,96310],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[819,96312,5398,96314,96316],{"id":96313},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96315,94974],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96318,96319,96320,96322,96323,1881,96325,26],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96321,95124],{}," value like ",[18,96324,66071],{},[18,96326,95624],{},[819,96328,28550,96330,96332,96333,2735],{"id":96329},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96331,94974],{}," on a string like ",[18,96334,48318],{},[14,96336,96337,96338,1881,96340,26],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96339,3124],{},[18,96341,3118],{},[47,96343,2144],{"id":2143},[34,96345,96346,96352,96358,96362],{},[37,96347,96348],{},[334,96349,3808,96350,3741],{"href":3121},[18,96351,3124],{},[37,96353,96354],{},[334,96355,3808,96356,3741],{"href":3115},[18,96357,3118],{},[37,96359,96360],{},[334,96361,2665],{"href":2664},[37,96363,96364],{},[334,96365,42404],{"href":41113},[2169,96367,96368],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":96370},[96371,96372,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96382,96383,96385,96392,96402],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":95066,"depth":101,"text":96373},"What round() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":95220,"depth":101,"text":96376},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95358,"depth":101,"text":96378},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95515,"depth":101,"text":96380},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95636,"depth":101,"text":95637},{"id":95819,"depth":101,"text":95820},{"id":95967,"depth":101,"text":96384},"When to use round()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":96386},[96387,96389,96390,96391],{"id":96041,"depth":123,"text":96388},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96102,"depth":123,"text":96103},{"id":96188,"depth":123,"text":96189},{"id":96270,"depth":123,"text":96271},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":96393},[96394,96396,96398,96400],{"id":96292,"depth":123,"text":96395},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96304,"depth":123,"text":96397},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96313,"depth":123,"text":96399},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96329,"depth":123,"text":96401},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94966,"description":96403},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96410,"title":96411,"body":96412,"description":97591,"extension":2216,"meta":97592,"navigation":271,"path":97593,"seo":97594,"stem":97595,"__hash__":97596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96413,"toc":97565},[96414,96421,96427,96430,96432,96481,96485,96510,96515,96520,96525,96539,96547,96549,96568,96570,96585,96588,96599,96601,96603,96664,96668,96701,96708,96715,96718,96751,96754,96758,96761,96814,96818,96838,96844,96851,96858,96919,96927,97004,97008,97020,97029,97031,97037,97043,97047,97100,97103,97161,97165,97173,97176,97180,97183,97193,97195,97292,97295,97306,97308,97351,97355,97379,97382,97388,97390,97394,97419,97421,97488,97497,97499,97505,97510,97514,97517,97521,97528,97532,97537,97539,97556,97562],[10,96415,96417,96418,11542],{"id":96416},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96419,96420],{},"add()",[14,96422,96423,96426],{},[18,96424,96425],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96428,96429],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96431,50],{"id":49},[52,96433,96435],{"className":54,"code":96434,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96436,96437,96457,96471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96438,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96440,68],{"class":67},[61,96442,72],{"class":71},[61,96444,1235],{"class":75},[61,96446,80],{"class":79},[61,96448,83],{"class":75},[61,96450,86],{"class":79},[61,96452,83],{"class":75},[61,96454,95],{"class":79},[61,96456,162],{"class":75},[61,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96460,117],{"class":67},[61,96462,26],{"class":75},[61,96464,82321],{"class":116},[61,96466,113],{"class":75},[61,96468,498],{"class":79},[61,96470,120],{"class":75},[61,96472,96473,96475,96477,96479],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96474,127],{"class":126},[61,96476,113],{"class":75},[61,96478,117],{"class":116},[61,96480,120],{"class":75},[14,96482,96483],{},[23,96484,139],{},[52,96486,96488],{"className":54,"code":96487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96489,96490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96491,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96493,149],{"class":75},[61,96495,80],{"class":79},[61,96497,83],{"class":75},[61,96499,86],{"class":79},[61,96501,83],{"class":75},[61,96503,95],{"class":79},[61,96505,83],{"class":75},[61,96507,1178],{"class":79},[61,96509,162],{"class":75},[14,96511,165,96512,96514],{},[18,96513,96420],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[47,96516,3911,96518,3914],{"id":96517},"what-setadd-does",[18,96519,96425],{},[14,96521,96522,96524],{},[18,96523,96425],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[34,96526,96527,96530,96533,96536],{},[37,96528,96529],{},"Adds one item to a set",[37,96531,96532],{},"Changes the original set in place",[37,96534,96535],{},"Does not return a new set",[37,96537,96538],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96540,96541,96542,1881,96544,26],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[334,96543,337],{"href":336},[334,96545,96546],{"href":812},"how to create a set in Python",[47,96548,341],{"id":340},[52,96550,96552],{"className":54,"code":96551,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96553,96554],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96555,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96557,1937],{"class":67},[61,96559,26],{"class":75},[61,96561,82321],{"class":116},[61,96563,113],{"class":75},[61,96565,23531],{"class":116},[61,96567,120],{"class":75},[14,96569,11679],{},[34,96571,96572,96577,96580],{},[37,96573,56133,96574,96576],{},[18,96575,96420],{}," on an existing set",[37,96578,96579],{},"Pass exactly one item",[37,96581,96582,96583],{},"The item must be ",[23,96584,1190],{},[14,96586,96587],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[34,96589,96590,96592,96594,96597],{},[37,96591,56686],{},[37,96593,56689],{},[37,96595,96596],{},"Tuples",[37,96598,40817],{},[47,96600,11696],{"id":11695},[14,96602,11699],{},[52,96604,96606],{"className":54,"code":96605,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96607,96608,96632,96650,96654],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96611,207],{"class":67},[61,96613,72],{"class":71},[61,96615,1235],{"class":75},[61,96617,215],{"class":214},[61,96619,219],{"class":218},[61,96621,215],{"class":214},[61,96623,83],{"class":75},[61,96625,226],{"class":214},[61,96627,229],{"class":218},[61,96629,215],{"class":214},[61,96631,162],{"class":75},[61,96633,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96635,264],{"class":67},[61,96637,26],{"class":75},[61,96639,82321],{"class":116},[61,96641,113],{"class":75},[61,96643,215],{"class":214},[61,96645,246],{"class":218},[61,96647,215],{"class":214},[61,96649,120],{"class":75},[61,96651,96652],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96653,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96655,96656,96658,96660,96662],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96657,127],{"class":126},[61,96659,113],{"class":75},[61,96661,264],{"class":116},[61,96663,120],{"class":75},[14,96665,96666],{},[23,96667,287],{},[52,96669,96671],{"className":54,"code":96670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96672,96673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96674,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96676,149],{"class":75},[61,96678,299],{"class":214},[61,96680,219],{"class":218},[61,96682,299],{"class":214},[61,96684,83],{"class":75},[61,96686,308],{"class":214},[61,96688,246],{"class":218},[61,96690,299],{"class":214},[61,96692,83],{"class":75},[61,96694,308],{"class":214},[61,96696,229],{"class":218},[61,96698,299],{"class":214},[61,96700,162],{"class":75},[14,96702,96703,96704,96707],{},"The new value ",[18,96705,96706],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96709,96710,96711,96714],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[23,96712,96713],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96716,96717],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[52,96719,96721],{"className":54,"code":96720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96722,96723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96724,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96726,149],{"class":75},[61,96728,299],{"class":214},[61,96730,229],{"class":218},[61,96732,299],{"class":214},[61,96734,83],{"class":75},[61,96736,308],{"class":214},[61,96738,219],{"class":218},[61,96740,299],{"class":214},[61,96742,83],{"class":75},[61,96744,308],{"class":214},[61,96746,246],{"class":218},[61,96748,299],{"class":214},[61,96750,162],{"class":75},[14,96752,96753],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[47,96755,96757],{"id":96756},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96759,96760],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[52,96762,96764],{"className":54,"code":96763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96765,96766,96786,96800,96804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96767,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96769,68],{"class":67},[61,96771,72],{"class":71},[61,96773,1235],{"class":75},[61,96775,80],{"class":79},[61,96777,83],{"class":75},[61,96779,86],{"class":79},[61,96781,83],{"class":75},[61,96783,95],{"class":79},[61,96785,162],{"class":75},[61,96787,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96789,117],{"class":67},[61,96791,26],{"class":75},[61,96793,82321],{"class":116},[61,96795,113],{"class":75},[61,96797,2310],{"class":79},[61,96799,120],{"class":75},[61,96801,96802],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96803,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96805,96806,96808,96810,96812],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96807,127],{"class":126},[61,96809,113],{"class":75},[61,96811,117],{"class":116},[61,96813,120],{"class":75},[14,96815,96816],{},[23,96817,139],{},[52,96819,96820],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,96821,96822],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96823,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96825,149],{"class":75},[61,96827,80],{"class":79},[61,96829,83],{"class":75},[61,96831,86],{"class":79},[61,96833,83],{"class":75},[61,96835,95],{"class":79},[61,96837,162],{"class":75},[14,96839,96840,96841,96843],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96842,2310],{}," was already present.",[47,96845,96847,10806,96849],{"id":96846},"add-vs-update",[18,96848,96420],{},[18,96850,15175],{},[14,96852,165,96853,96855,96856,26],{},[18,96854,96420],{}," when you want to add ",[23,96857,52880],{},[52,96859,96861],{"className":54,"code":96860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96862,96863,96887,96905,96909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96866,36312],{"class":67},[61,96868,72],{"class":71},[61,96870,1235],{"class":75},[61,96872,215],{"class":214},[61,96874,334],{"class":218},[61,96876,215],{"class":214},[61,96878,83],{"class":75},[61,96880,226],{"class":214},[61,96882,765],{"class":218},[61,96884,215],{"class":214},[61,96886,162],{"class":75},[61,96888,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96890,36365],{"class":67},[61,96892,26],{"class":75},[61,96894,82321],{"class":116},[61,96896,113],{"class":75},[61,96898,215],{"class":214},[61,96900,9961],{"class":218},[61,96902,215],{"class":214},[61,96904,120],{"class":75},[61,96906,96907],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96908,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96910,96911,96913,96915,96917],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96912,127],{"class":126},[61,96914,113],{"class":75},[61,96916,36365],{"class":116},[61,96918,120],{"class":75},[14,96920,165,96921,96855,96923,96926],{},[18,96922,15175],{},[23,96924,96925],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[52,96928,96930],{"className":54,"code":96929,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96931,96932,96956,96990,96994],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,96933,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,96935,36312],{"class":67},[61,96937,72],{"class":71},[61,96939,1235],{"class":75},[61,96941,215],{"class":214},[61,96943,334],{"class":218},[61,96945,215],{"class":214},[61,96947,83],{"class":75},[61,96949,226],{"class":214},[61,96951,765],{"class":218},[61,96953,215],{"class":214},[61,96955,162],{"class":75},[61,96957,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,96959,36365],{"class":67},[61,96961,26],{"class":75},[61,96963,30685],{"class":116},[61,96965,416],{"class":75},[61,96967,215],{"class":214},[61,96969,9961],{"class":218},[61,96971,215],{"class":214},[61,96973,83],{"class":75},[61,96975,226],{"class":214},[61,96977,18987],{"class":218},[61,96979,215],{"class":214},[61,96981,83],{"class":75},[61,96983,226],{"class":214},[61,96985,553],{"class":218},[61,96987,215],{"class":214},[61,96989,1474],{"class":75},[61,96991,96992],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,96993,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,96995,96996,96998,97000,97002],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,96997,127],{"class":126},[61,96999,113],{"class":75},[61,97001,36365],{"class":116},[61,97003,120],{"class":75},[819,97005,97007],{"id":97006},"key-difference","Key difference",[34,97009,97010,97015],{},[37,97011,97012,97014],{},[18,97013,96420],{}," adds one item",[37,97016,97017,97019],{},[18,97018,15175],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,97021,97022,97023,26],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[334,97024,97026,97027,10961],{"href":97025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,97028,15175],{},[47,97030,17640],{"id":17639},[14,97032,97033,2642,97035,26],{},[18,97034,96425],{},[18,97036,4012],{},[14,97038,97039,97040,97042],{},"That means you should ",[23,97041,704],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[819,97044,97046],{"id":97045},"correct","Correct",[52,97048,97050],{"className":54,"code":97049,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97051,97052,97072,97086,97090],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97053,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97055,15850],{"class":67},[61,97057,72],{"class":71},[61,97059,1235],{"class":75},[61,97061,80],{"class":79},[61,97063,83],{"class":75},[61,97065,86],{"class":79},[61,97067,83],{"class":75},[61,97069,95],{"class":79},[61,97071,162],{"class":75},[61,97073,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082,97084],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97075,1937],{"class":67},[61,97077,26],{"class":75},[61,97079,82321],{"class":116},[61,97081,113],{"class":75},[61,97083,498],{"class":79},[61,97085,120],{"class":75},[61,97087,97088],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97089,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97091,97092,97094,97096,97098],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97093,127],{"class":126},[61,97095,113],{"class":75},[61,97097,1937],{"class":116},[61,97099,120],{"class":75},[819,97101,97102],{"id":61987},"Wrong",[52,97104,97106],{"className":54,"code":97105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97107,97108,97128,97147,97151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97109,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97111,15850],{"class":67},[61,97113,72],{"class":71},[61,97115,1235],{"class":75},[61,97117,80],{"class":79},[61,97119,83],{"class":75},[61,97121,86],{"class":79},[61,97123,83],{"class":75},[61,97125,95],{"class":79},[61,97127,162],{"class":75},[61,97129,97130,97132,97134,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97131,15850],{"class":67},[61,97133,72],{"class":71},[61,97135,97136],{"class":67}," my_set",[61,97138,26],{"class":75},[61,97140,82321],{"class":116},[61,97142,113],{"class":75},[61,97144,498],{"class":79},[61,97146,120],{"class":75},[61,97148,97149],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97150,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97152,97153,97155,97157,97159],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97154,127],{"class":126},[61,97156,113],{"class":75},[61,97158,1937],{"class":116},[61,97160,120],{"class":75},[14,97162,97163],{},[23,97164,139],{},[52,97166,97167],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97168,97169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97170,97171],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97172,12030],{"class":1523},[14,97174,97175],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[47,97177,97179],{"id":97178},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97181,97182],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[34,97184,97185,97187,97189,97191],{},[37,97186,56686],{},[37,97188,56689],{},[37,97190,96596],{},[37,97192,40817],{},[14,97194,197],{},[52,97196,97198],{"className":54,"code":97197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,97199,97200,97210,97214,97228,97246,97264,97278,97282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97201,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97203,1230],{"class":67},[61,97205,72],{"class":71},[61,97207,110],{"class":109},[61,97209,628],{"class":75},[61,97211,97212],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97213,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97217,1267],{"class":67},[61,97219,26],{"class":75},[61,97221,82321],{"class":116},[61,97223,113],{"class":75},[61,97225,447],{"class":79},[61,97227,120],{"class":75},[61,97229,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242,97244],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97231,1267],{"class":67},[61,97233,26],{"class":75},[61,97235,82321],{"class":116},[61,97237,113],{"class":75},[61,97239,215],{"class":214},[61,97241,475],{"class":218},[61,97243,215],{"class":214},[61,97245,120],{"class":75},[61,97247,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,97249,1267],{"class":67},[61,97251,26],{"class":75},[61,97253,82321],{"class":116},[61,97255,444],{"class":75},[61,97257,80],{"class":79},[61,97259,83],{"class":75},[61,97261,86],{"class":79},[61,97263,480],{"class":75},[61,97265,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,97267,1267],{"class":67},[61,97269,26],{"class":75},[61,97271,82321],{"class":116},[61,97273,113],{"class":75},[61,97275,3837],{"class":1523},[61,97277,120],{"class":75},[61,97279,97280],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,97281,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97283,97284,97286,97288,97290],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,97285,127],{"class":126},[61,97287,113],{"class":75},[61,97289,1267],{"class":116},[61,97291,120],{"class":75},[14,97293,97294],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[34,97296,97297,97300,97303],{},[37,97298,97299],{},"Lists",[37,97301,97302],{},"Dictionaries",[37,97304,97305],{},"Sets",[14,97307,1292],{},[52,97309,97311],{"className":54,"code":97310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97312,97313,97333],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97314,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97316,1230],{"class":67},[61,97318,72],{"class":71},[61,97320,1235],{"class":75},[61,97322,80],{"class":79},[61,97324,83],{"class":75},[61,97326,86],{"class":79},[61,97328,83],{"class":75},[61,97330,95],{"class":79},[61,97332,162],{"class":75},[61,97334,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97336,1267],{"class":67},[61,97338,26],{"class":75},[61,97340,82321],{"class":116},[61,97342,416],{"class":75},[61,97344,498],{"class":79},[61,97346,83],{"class":75},[61,97348,950],{"class":79},[61,97350,1474],{"class":75},[14,97352,97353],{},[23,97354,29902],{},[52,97356,97358],{"className":54,"code":97357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97359,97360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97361,97362,97364,97366,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97363,1334],{"class":109},[61,97365,378],{"class":75},[61,97367,97368],{"class":67}," unhashable ",[61,97370,648],{"class":109},[61,97372,378],{"class":75},[61,97374,308],{"class":214},[61,97376,383],{"class":218},[61,97378,29921],{"class":214},[14,97380,97381],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97383,97384,97385,26],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97386,97387],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[47,97389,1741],{"id":1740},[14,97391,14954,97392,378],{},[18,97393,96425],{},[34,97395,97396,97401,97406,97409,97416],{},[37,97397,1750,97398,97400],{},[18,97399,96420],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[37,97402,1864,97403,97405],{},[18,97404,96420],{}," to return the updated set",[37,97407,97408],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[37,97410,1874,97411,97413,97414],{},[18,97412,96425],{}," with list ",[18,97415,52876],{},[37,97417,97418],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97420,71723],{},[52,97422,97424],{"className":54,"code":97423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97425,97426,97436,97450,97460,97474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97427,97428,97430,97432,97434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97429,127],{"class":126},[61,97431,113],{"class":75},[61,97433,1937],{"class":116},[61,97435,120],{"class":75},[61,97437,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97439,127],{"class":126},[61,97441,113],{"class":75},[61,97443,648],{"class":109},[61,97445,113],{"class":75},[61,97447,1937],{"class":116},[61,97449,480],{"class":75},[61,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97453,127],{"class":126},[61,97455,113],{"class":75},[61,97457,1783],{"class":116},[61,97459,120],{"class":75},[61,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468,97470,97472],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97463,127],{"class":126},[61,97465,113],{"class":75},[61,97467,648],{"class":109},[61,97469,113],{"class":75},[61,97471,1783],{"class":116},[61,97473,480],{"class":75},[61,97475,97476,97478,97480,97482,97484,97486],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,97477,32373],{"class":126},[61,97479,113],{"class":75},[61,97481,354],{"class":109},[61,97483,26],{"class":75},[61,97485,82321],{"class":24971},[61,97487,120],{"class":75},[14,97489,97490,97491,97493,97494,26],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97492,96425],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[334,97495,53273],{"href":97496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[47,97498,1987],{"id":1986},[819,97500,12927,97502,97504],{"id":97501},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97503,96425],{}," return a new set?",[14,97506,97507,97508,26],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97509,4012],{},[819,97511,97513],{"id":97512},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97515,97516],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[819,97518,97520],{"id":97519},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97522,165,97523,11313,97526,26],{},[18,97524,97525],{},"set.update()",[18,97527,96420],{},[819,97529,97531],{"id":97530},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97533,97534,97535,26],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97536,1334],{},[47,97538,2144],{"id":2143},[34,97540,97541,97545,97550],{},[37,97542,97543],{},[334,97544,337],{"href":336},[37,97546,97547],{},[334,97548,97549],{"href":812},"How to create a set in Python",[37,97551,97552],{},[334,97553,97026,97554,10961],{"href":97025},[18,97555,15175],{},[14,97557,97558,97559,97561],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97560,96420],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2169,97563,97564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":97566},[97567,97568,97570,97571,97572,97573,97577,97581,97582,97583,97590],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":96517,"depth":101,"text":97569},"What set.add() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":96756,"depth":101,"text":96757},{"id":96846,"depth":101,"text":97574,"children":97575},"add() vs update()",[97576],{"id":97006,"depth":123,"text":97007},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640,"children":97578},[97579,97580],{"id":97045,"depth":123,"text":97046},{"id":61987,"depth":123,"text":97102},{"id":97178,"depth":101,"text":97179},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":97584},[97585,97587,97588,97589],{"id":97501,"depth":123,"text":97586},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97512,"depth":123,"text":97513},{"id":97519,"depth":123,"text":97520},{"id":97530,"depth":123,"text":97531},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96411,"description":97591},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97598,"title":97599,"body":97600,"description":98764,"extension":2216,"meta":98765,"navigation":271,"path":98766,"seo":98767,"stem":98768,"__hash__":98769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97601,"toc":98731},[97602,97607,97613,97620,97665,97667,97678,97683,97688,97692,97706,97711,97713,97715,97730,97732,97746,97748,97750,97815,97817,97827,97829,97847,97853,97860,97865,97939,97941,97958,97964,97969,98040,98042,98069,98086,98089,98095,98097,98104,98108,98175,98177,98192,98195,98248,98250,98258,98270,98272,98276,98281,98283,98332,98334,98342,98344,98389,98391,98401,98407,98415,98428,98433,98435,98464,98466,98484,98488,98490,98518,98520,98538,98542,98617,98619,98635,98642,98644,98649,98654,98660,98663,98667,98675,98682,98690,98692,98728],[10,97603,96417,97605,11542],{"id":97604},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97606,11541],{},[14,97608,97609,97612],{},[18,97610,97611],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97614,97615,97616,97619],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[23,97617,97618],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[52,97621,97623],{"className":54,"code":97622,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97624,97625,97645,97655],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97626,97627,97629,97631,97633,97635,97637,97639,97641,97643],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97628,68],{"class":67},[61,97630,72],{"class":71},[61,97632,1235],{"class":75},[61,97634,80],{"class":79},[61,97636,83],{"class":75},[61,97638,86],{"class":79},[61,97640,83],{"class":75},[61,97642,95],{"class":79},[61,97644,162],{"class":75},[61,97646,97647,97649,97651,97653],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97648,117],{"class":67},[61,97650,26],{"class":75},[61,97652,11603],{"class":116},[61,97654,628],{"class":75},[61,97656,97657,97659,97661,97663],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97658,127],{"class":126},[61,97660,113],{"class":75},[61,97662,117],{"class":116},[61,97664,120],{"class":75},[14,97666,139],{},[52,97668,97670],{"className":54,"code":97669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n",[18,97671,97672],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97673,97674,97676],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97675,354],{"class":109},[61,97677,628],{"class":75},[14,97679,97680,97682],{},[18,97681,11541],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[47,97684,3911,97686,3914],{"id":97685},"what-setclear-does",[18,97687,97611],{},[14,97689,2233,97690,11633],{},[18,97691,11541],{},[34,97693,97694,97697,97699,97703],{},[37,97695,97696],{},"Removes every item from a set",[37,97698,96532],{},[37,97700,11644,97701],{},[18,97702,4012],{},[37,97704,97705],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97707,96541,97708,71822],{},[334,97709,337],{"href":97710},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[47,97712,341],{"id":340},[14,97714,54671],{},[52,97716,97718],{"className":54,"code":97717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97719,97720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97721,97722,97724,97726,97728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97723,1937],{"class":67},[61,97725,26],{"class":75},[61,97727,11603],{"class":116},[61,97729,628],{"class":75},[14,97731,13276],{},[34,97733,97734,97737,97740,97743],{},[37,97735,97736],{},"It takes no arguments",[37,97738,97739],{},"It empties the set",[37,97741,97742],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[37,97744,97745],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[47,97747,11696],{"id":11695},[14,97749,11699],{},[52,97751,97753],{"className":54,"code":97752,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97754,97755,97787,97791,97801,97805],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779,97781,97783,97785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97758,207],{"class":67},[61,97760,72],{"class":71},[61,97762,1235],{"class":75},[61,97764,215],{"class":214},[61,97766,219],{"class":218},[61,97768,215],{"class":214},[61,97770,83],{"class":75},[61,97772,226],{"class":214},[61,97774,246],{"class":218},[61,97776,215],{"class":214},[61,97778,83],{"class":75},[61,97780,226],{"class":214},[61,97782,229],{"class":218},[61,97784,215],{"class":214},[61,97786,162],{"class":75},[61,97788,97789],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97790,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97792,97793,97795,97797,97799],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97794,264],{"class":67},[61,97796,26],{"class":75},[61,97798,11603],{"class":116},[61,97800,628],{"class":75},[61,97802,97803],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97804,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97806,97807,97809,97811,97813],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,97808,127],{"class":126},[61,97810,113],{"class":75},[61,97812,264],{"class":116},[61,97814,120],{"class":75},[14,97816,139],{},[52,97818,97819],{"className":54,"code":97669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,97820,97821],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97822,97823,97825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97824,354],{"class":109},[61,97826,628],{"class":75},[14,97828,11905],{},[34,97830,97831,97836,97841],{},[37,97832,97833,97835],{},[18,97834,264],{}," starts with three values",[37,97837,97838,11918],{},[18,97839,97840],{},"colors.clear()",[37,97842,97843,97844,97846],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97845,20],{},", which means an empty set",[47,97848,97850,97852],{"id":97849},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97851,11541],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97854,97855,4621,97857,97859],{},[18,97856,11541],{},[18,97858,20],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[819,97861,1750,97863],{"id":97862},"using-clear",[18,97864,11541],{},[52,97866,97868],{"className":54,"code":97867,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97869,97870,97890,97900,97904,97914,97918,97928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97871,97872,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97873,1230],{"class":67},[61,97875,72],{"class":71},[61,97877,1235],{"class":75},[61,97879,80],{"class":79},[61,97881,83],{"class":75},[61,97883,86],{"class":79},[61,97885,83],{"class":75},[61,97887,95],{"class":79},[61,97889,162],{"class":75},[61,97891,97892,97895,97897],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97893,97894],{"class":67},"other_name ",[61,97896,72],{"class":71},[61,97898,97899],{"class":67}," items\n",[61,97901,97902],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,97903,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,97907,1267],{"class":67},[61,97909,26],{"class":75},[61,97911,11603],{"class":116},[61,97913,628],{"class":75},[61,97915,97916],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,97917,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,97921,127],{"class":126},[61,97923,113],{"class":75},[61,97925,1267],{"class":116},[61,97927,120],{"class":75},[61,97929,97930,97932,97934,97937],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,97931,127],{"class":126},[61,97933,113],{"class":75},[61,97935,97936],{"class":116},"other_name",[61,97938,120],{"class":75},[14,97940,139],{},[52,97942,97944],{"className":54,"code":97943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97945,97946,97952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97947,97948,97950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97949,354],{"class":109},[61,97951,628],{"class":75},[61,97953,97954,97956],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97955,354],{"class":109},[61,97957,628],{"class":75},[14,97959,97960,97961,26],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[23,97962,97963],{},"same set object",[819,97965,1750,97967],{"id":97966},"using-set",[18,97968,20],{},[52,97970,97972],{"className":54,"code":97971,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97973,97974,97994,98002,98006,98016,98020,98030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,97975,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,97977,1230],{"class":67},[61,97979,72],{"class":71},[61,97981,1235],{"class":75},[61,97983,80],{"class":79},[61,97985,83],{"class":75},[61,97987,86],{"class":79},[61,97989,83],{"class":75},[61,97991,95],{"class":79},[61,97993,162],{"class":75},[61,97995,97996,97998,98000],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,97997,97894],{"class":67},[61,97999,72],{"class":71},[61,98001,97899],{"class":67},[61,98003,98004],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98005,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98007,98008,98010,98012,98014],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,98009,1230],{"class":67},[61,98011,72],{"class":71},[61,98013,110],{"class":109},[61,98015,628],{"class":75},[61,98017,98018],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,98019,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98021,98022,98024,98026,98028],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,98023,127],{"class":126},[61,98025,113],{"class":75},[61,98027,1267],{"class":116},[61,98029,120],{"class":75},[61,98031,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,98033,127],{"class":126},[61,98035,113],{"class":75},[61,98037,97936],{"class":116},[61,98039,120],{"class":75},[14,98041,139],{},[52,98043,98045],{"className":54,"code":98044,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,98046,98047,98053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98048,98049,98051],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98050,354],{"class":109},[61,98052,628],{"class":75},[61,98054,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063,98065,98067],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98056,149],{"class":75},[61,98058,80],{"class":79},[61,98060,83],{"class":75},[61,98062,86],{"class":79},[61,98064,83],{"class":75},[61,98066,95],{"class":79},[61,98068,162],{"class":75},[14,98070,20991,98071,93309,98074,98077,98078,26,98080,98082,98083,98085],{},[18,98072,98073],{},"items = set()",[23,98075,98076],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,98079,1267],{},[10067,98081],{},"\nBut ",[18,98084,97936],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,98087,98088],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,98090,98091,98092,26],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[334,98093,96546],{"href":98094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[47,98096,17640],{"id":17639},[14,98098,98099,14274,98101,98103],{},[18,98100,11541],{},[23,98102,704],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,98105,5377,98106,26],{},[18,98107,4012],{},[52,98109,98111],{"className":54,"code":98110,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98112,98113,98133,98137,98151,98155,98165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98114,98115,98117,98119,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129,98131],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98116,68],{"class":67},[61,98118,72],{"class":71},[61,98120,1235],{"class":75},[61,98122,80],{"class":79},[61,98124,83],{"class":75},[61,98126,86],{"class":79},[61,98128,83],{"class":75},[61,98130,95],{"class":79},[61,98132,162],{"class":75},[61,98134,98135],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98136,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98138,98139,98141,98143,98145,98147,98149],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98140,869],{"class":67},[61,98142,72],{"class":71},[61,98144,4490],{"class":67},[61,98146,26],{"class":75},[61,98148,11603],{"class":116},[61,98150,628],{"class":75},[61,98152,98153],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,98154,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98156,98157,98159,98161,98163],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,98158,127],{"class":126},[61,98160,113],{"class":75},[61,98162,892],{"class":116},[61,98164,120],{"class":75},[61,98166,98167,98169,98171,98173],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,98168,127],{"class":126},[61,98170,113],{"class":75},[61,98172,117],{"class":116},[61,98174,120],{"class":75},[14,98176,139],{},[52,98178,98180],{"className":54,"code":98179,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"None\nset()\n",[18,98181,98182,98186],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98183,98184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98185,12030],{"class":1523},[61,98187,98188,98190],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98189,354],{"class":109},[61,98191,628],{"class":75},[14,98193,98194],{},"Do not do this:",[52,98196,98198],{"className":54,"code":98197,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98199,98200,98220,98234,98238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214,98216,98218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98203,68],{"class":67},[61,98205,72],{"class":71},[61,98207,1235],{"class":75},[61,98209,80],{"class":79},[61,98211,83],{"class":75},[61,98213,86],{"class":79},[61,98215,83],{"class":75},[61,98217,95],{"class":79},[61,98219,162],{"class":75},[61,98221,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98223,68],{"class":67},[61,98225,72],{"class":71},[61,98227,4490],{"class":67},[61,98229,26],{"class":75},[61,98231,11603],{"class":116},[61,98233,628],{"class":75},[61,98235,98236],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98237,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98239,98240,98242,98244,98246],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,98241,127],{"class":126},[61,98243,113],{"class":75},[61,98245,117],{"class":116},[61,98247,120],{"class":75},[14,98249,139],{},[52,98251,98252],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98253,98254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98255,98256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98257,12030],{"class":1523},[14,98259,22409,98260,2642,98262,98264,98265,98267,98268,26],{},[18,98261,54784],{},[18,98263,4012],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98266,4012],{}," back to ",[18,98269,117],{},[47,98271,4747],{"id":4746},[14,98273,10968,98274,26],{},[18,98275,97611],{},[819,98277,12817,98279],{"id":98278},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98280,11541],{},[14,98282,16864],{},[52,98284,98286],{"className":54,"code":98285,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98287,98288,98308,98322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98289,98290,98292,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98291,15850],{"class":67},[61,98293,72],{"class":71},[61,98295,1235],{"class":75},[61,98297,80],{"class":79},[61,98299,83],{"class":75},[61,98301,86],{"class":79},[61,98303,83],{"class":75},[61,98305,95],{"class":79},[61,98307,162],{"class":75},[61,98309,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98311,15850],{"class":67},[61,98313,72],{"class":71},[61,98315,97136],{"class":67},[61,98317,26],{"class":75},[61,98319,11603],{"class":116},[61,98321,628],{"class":75},[61,98323,98324,98326,98328,98330],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98325,127],{"class":126},[61,98327,113],{"class":75},[61,98329,1937],{"class":116},[61,98331,120],{"class":75},[14,98333,139],{},[52,98335,98336],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98337,98338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98339,98340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98341,12030],{"class":1523},[14,98343,16876],{},[52,98345,98347],{"className":54,"code":98346,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98348,98349,98369,98379],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98350,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98352,15850],{"class":67},[61,98354,72],{"class":71},[61,98356,1235],{"class":75},[61,98358,80],{"class":79},[61,98360,83],{"class":75},[61,98362,86],{"class":79},[61,98364,83],{"class":75},[61,98366,95],{"class":79},[61,98368,162],{"class":75},[61,98370,98371,98373,98375,98377],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98372,1937],{"class":67},[61,98374,26],{"class":75},[61,98376,11603],{"class":116},[61,98378,628],{"class":75},[61,98380,98381,98383,98385,98387],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98382,127],{"class":126},[61,98384,113],{"class":75},[61,98386,1937],{"class":116},[61,98388,120],{"class":75},[14,98390,139],{},[52,98392,98393],{"className":54,"code":97669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98394,98395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98396,98397,98399],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98398,354],{"class":109},[61,98400,628],{"class":75},[819,98402,1864,98404,98406],{"id":98403},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98405,11541],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98408,98409,98411,98412,98414],{},[18,98410,11541],{}," removes ",[23,98413,3950],{}," items from the set.",[14,98416,98417,98418,1881,98423,26],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[334,98419,98421],{"href":98420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98422,55753],{},[334,98424,98426],{"href":98425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98427,12986],{},[819,98429,1750,98431,1545],{"id":98430},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98432,700],{},[14,98434,25911],{},[52,98436,98438],{"className":54,"code":98437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98439,98440,98449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98441,98442,98445,98447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98443,98444],{"class":67},"empty_value ",[61,98446,72],{"class":71},[61,98448,733],{"class":75},[61,98450,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98462],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98452,127],{"class":126},[61,98454,113],{"class":75},[61,98456,648],{"class":109},[61,98458,113],{"class":75},[61,98460,98461],{"class":116},"empty_value",[61,98463,480],{"class":75},[14,98465,139],{},[52,98467,98468],{"className":54,"code":1701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98469,98470],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98471,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98473,672],{"class":71},[61,98475,676],{"class":675},[61,98477,308],{"class":214},[61,98479,799],{"class":218},[61,98481,299],{"class":214},[61,98483,685],{"class":71},[14,98485,98486,9017],{},[18,98487,700],{},[14,98489,611],{},[52,98491,98492],{"className":54,"code":1548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98493,98494,98504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98495,98496,98498,98500,98502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98497,621],{"class":67},[61,98499,72],{"class":71},[61,98501,110],{"class":109},[61,98503,628],{"class":75},[61,98505,98506,98508,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98507,127],{"class":126},[61,98509,113],{"class":75},[61,98511,648],{"class":109},[61,98513,113],{"class":75},[61,98515,637],{"class":116},[61,98517,480],{"class":75},[14,98519,139],{},[52,98521,98522],{"className":54,"code":1579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98523,98524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98525,98526,98528,98530,98532,98534,98536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98527,672],{"class":71},[61,98529,676],{"class":675},[61,98531,308],{"class":214},[61,98533,354],{"class":218},[61,98535,299],{"class":214},[61,98537,685],{"class":71},[819,98539,98541],{"id":98540},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[52,98543,98545],{"className":54,"code":98544,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98546,98547,98571,98579,98583,98593,98597,98607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98548,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98550,717],{"class":67},[61,98552,72],{"class":71},[61,98554,1235],{"class":75},[61,98556,215],{"class":214},[61,98558,2422],{"class":218},[61,98560,215],{"class":214},[61,98562,83],{"class":75},[61,98564,226],{"class":214},[61,98566,11967],{"class":218},[61,98568,215],{"class":214},[61,98570,162],{"class":75},[61,98572,98573,98575,98577],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98574,728],{"class":67},[61,98576,72],{"class":71},[61,98578,36397],{"class":67},[61,98580,98581],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98582,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98584,98585,98587,98589,98591],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,98586,334],{"class":67},[61,98588,26],{"class":75},[61,98590,11603],{"class":116},[61,98592,628],{"class":75},[61,98594,98595],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,98596,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98598,98599,98601,98603,98605],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,98600,127],{"class":126},[61,98602,113],{"class":75},[61,98604,334],{"class":116},[61,98606,120],{"class":75},[61,98608,98609,98611,98613,98615],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,98610,127],{"class":126},[61,98612,113],{"class":75},[61,98614,765],{"class":116},[61,98616,120],{"class":75},[14,98618,139],{},[52,98620,98621],{"className":54,"code":97943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,98622,98623,98629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98624,98625,98627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98626,354],{"class":109},[61,98628,628],{"class":75},[61,98630,98631,98633],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98632,354],{"class":109},[61,98634,628],{"class":75},[14,98636,29282,98637,4621,98639,98641],{},[18,98638,334],{},[18,98640,765],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[47,98643,1987],{"id":1986},[819,98645,5371,98647,5374],{"id":98646},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98648,97611],{},[14,98650,5377,98651,98653],{},[18,98652,4012],{},". It empties the set in place.",[819,98655,12927,98657,98659],{"id":98656},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98658,11541],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98661,98662],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[819,98664,98666],{"id":98665},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98668,98669,98670,98672,98673,26],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98671,11541],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98674,20],{},[819,98676,5408,98678,4621,98680,2735],{"id":98677},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98679,11541],{},[18,98681,20],{},[14,98683,98684,98686,98687,98689],{},[18,98685,11541],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98688,20],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[47,98691,2144],{"id":2143},[34,98693,98694,98698,98702,98709,98715,98721],{},[37,98695,98696],{},[334,98697,337],{"href":97710},[37,98699,98700],{},[334,98701,97549],{"href":98094},[37,98703,98704],{},[334,98705,97026,98707,10961],{"href":98706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98708,96420],{},[37,98710,98711],{},[334,98712,97026,98713,10961],{"href":98420},[18,98714,55753],{},[37,98716,98717],{},[334,98718,97026,98719,10961],{"href":98425},[18,98720,12986],{},[37,98722,98723],{},[334,98724,97026,98726,10961],{"href":98725},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98727,15175],{},[2169,98729,98730],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":98732},[98733,98735,98736,98737,98744,98745,98754,98763],{"id":97685,"depth":101,"text":98734},"What set.clear() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":97849,"depth":101,"text":98738,"children":98739},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98740,98742],{"id":97862,"depth":123,"text":98741},"Using clear()",{"id":97966,"depth":123,"text":98743},"Using set()",{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":98746},[98747,98749,98751,98753],{"id":98278,"depth":123,"text":98748},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98403,"depth":123,"text":98750},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98430,"depth":123,"text":98752},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98540,"depth":123,"text":98541},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":98755},[98756,98758,98760,98761],{"id":98646,"depth":123,"text":98757},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98656,"depth":123,"text":98759},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98665,"depth":123,"text":98666},{"id":98677,"depth":123,"text":98762},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97599,"description":98764},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98771,"title":98772,"body":98773,"description":100591,"extension":2216,"meta":100592,"navigation":271,"path":812,"seo":100593,"stem":100594,"__hash__":100595},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98774,"toc":100549},[98775,98778,98781,98784,98786,98889,98893,98940,98946,98948,98967,98971,98974,98976,98990,98999,99003,99006,99041,99045,99065,99068,99072,99075,99136,99140,99165,99172,99178,99183,99185,99197,99201,99250,99254,99278,99284,99288,99329,99333,99354,99358,99391,99395,99436,99439,99443,99448,99486,99490,99514,99519,99525,99562,99566,99589,99593,99595,99598,99601,99678,99682,99719,99722,99726,99731,99733,99743,99792,99797,99803,99828,99831,99853,99855,99886,99889,99893,99897,99936,99940,100003,100006,100039,100043,100068,100070,100073,100077,100080,100106,100109,100127,100131,100135,100138,100181,100184,100188,100191,100194,100224,100227,100231,100234,100249,100254,100258,100261,100350,100352,100355,100445,100448,100466,100468,100472,100481,100485,100493,100497,100500,100504,100507,100511,100514,100516,100543,100546],[10,98776,98772],{"id":98777},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98779,98780],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98782,98783],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[47,98785,3842],{"id":3841},[52,98787,98789],{"className":54,"code":98788,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98790,98791,98811,98845,98855,98859,98869,98879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98792,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98794,68],{"class":67},[61,98796,72],{"class":71},[61,98798,1235],{"class":75},[61,98800,80],{"class":79},[61,98802,83],{"class":75},[61,98804,86],{"class":79},[61,98806,83],{"class":75},[61,98808,95],{"class":79},[61,98810,162],{"class":75},[61,98812,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98814,4298],{"class":67},[61,98816,72],{"class":71},[61,98818,110],{"class":109},[61,98820,416],{"class":75},[61,98822,215],{"class":214},[61,98824,2042],{"class":218},[61,98826,215],{"class":214},[61,98828,83],{"class":75},[61,98830,226],{"class":214},[61,98832,1040],{"class":218},[61,98834,215],{"class":214},[61,98836,83],{"class":75},[61,98838,226],{"class":214},[61,98840,2042],{"class":218},[61,98842,215],{"class":214},[61,98844,1474],{"class":75},[61,98846,98847,98849,98851,98853],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98848,621],{"class":67},[61,98850,72],{"class":71},[61,98852,110],{"class":109},[61,98854,628],{"class":75},[61,98856,98857],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,98858,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,98860,98861,98863,98865,98867],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,98862,127],{"class":126},[61,98864,113],{"class":75},[61,98866,117],{"class":116},[61,98868,120],{"class":75},[61,98870,98871,98873,98875,98877],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,98872,127],{"class":126},[61,98874,113],{"class":75},[61,98876,4340],{"class":116},[61,98878,120],{"class":75},[61,98880,98881,98883,98885,98887],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,98882,127],{"class":126},[61,98884,113],{"class":75},[61,98886,637],{"class":116},[61,98888,120],{"class":75},[14,98890,98891],{},[23,98892,139],{},[52,98894,98896],{"className":54,"code":98895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98897,98898,98914,98934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,98899,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,98901,149],{"class":75},[61,98903,80],{"class":79},[61,98905,83],{"class":75},[61,98907,86],{"class":79},[61,98909,83],{"class":75},[61,98911,95],{"class":79},[61,98913,162],{"class":75},[61,98915,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,98917,149],{"class":75},[61,98919,299],{"class":214},[61,98921,1040],{"class":218},[61,98923,299],{"class":214},[61,98925,83],{"class":75},[61,98927,308],{"class":214},[61,98929,2042],{"class":218},[61,98931,299],{"class":214},[61,98933,162],{"class":75},[61,98935,98936,98938],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,98937,354],{"class":109},[61,98939,628],{"class":75},[14,98941,98942,98943,98945],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98944,20],{}," for an empty set.",[47,98947,15384],{"id":15383},[34,98949,98950,98953,98958,98961,98964],{},[37,98951,98952],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[37,98954,98955,98956],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98957,20],{},[37,98959,98960],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[37,98962,98963],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[37,98965,98966],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[47,98968,98970],{"id":98969},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98972,98973],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98975,180],{},[34,98977,98978,98981,98984,98987],{},[37,98979,98980],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[37,98982,98983],{},"Sets are unordered",[37,98985,98986],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[37,98988,98989],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98991,98992,98993,1881,98995,26],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[334,98994,337],{"href":97710},[334,98996,98998],{"href":98997},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[47,99000,99002],{"id":99001},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,99004,99005],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[52,99007,99009],{"className":54,"code":99008,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99010,99011,99031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99014,68],{"class":67},[61,99016,72],{"class":71},[61,99018,1235],{"class":75},[61,99020,80],{"class":79},[61,99022,83],{"class":75},[61,99024,86],{"class":79},[61,99026,83],{"class":75},[61,99028,95],{"class":79},[61,99030,162],{"class":75},[61,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99034,127],{"class":126},[61,99036,113],{"class":75},[61,99038,117],{"class":116},[61,99040,120],{"class":75},[14,99042,99043],{},[23,99044,287],{},[52,99046,99047],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99048,99049],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99050,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99052,149],{"class":75},[61,99054,80],{"class":79},[61,99056,83],{"class":75},[61,99058,86],{"class":79},[61,99060,83],{"class":75},[61,99062,95],{"class":79},[61,99064,162],{"class":75},[14,99066,99067],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[819,99069,99071],{"id":99070},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,99073,99074],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[52,99076,99078],{"className":54,"code":99077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,99079,99080,99112,99122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99081,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99083,68],{"class":67},[61,99085,72],{"class":71},[61,99087,1235],{"class":75},[61,99089,80],{"class":79},[61,99091,83],{"class":75},[61,99093,86],{"class":79},[61,99095,83],{"class":75},[61,99097,86],{"class":79},[61,99099,83],{"class":75},[61,99101,95],{"class":79},[61,99103,83],{"class":75},[61,99105,95],{"class":79},[61,99107,83],{"class":75},[61,99109,95],{"class":79},[61,99111,162],{"class":75},[61,99113,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99115,127],{"class":126},[61,99117,113],{"class":75},[61,99119,117],{"class":116},[61,99121,120],{"class":75},[61,99123,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132,99134],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,99125,127],{"class":126},[61,99127,113],{"class":75},[61,99129,1948],{"class":126},[61,99131,113],{"class":75},[61,99133,117],{"class":116},[61,99135,480],{"class":75},[14,99137,99138],{},[23,99139,287],{},[52,99141,99143],{"className":54,"code":99142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,99144,99145,99161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99146,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99148,149],{"class":75},[61,99150,80],{"class":79},[61,99152,83],{"class":75},[61,99154,86],{"class":79},[61,99156,83],{"class":75},[61,99158,95],{"class":79},[61,99160,162],{"class":75},[61,99162,99163],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99164,46840],{"class":79},[14,99166,21198,99167,4621,99169,99171],{},[18,99168,2310],{},[18,99170,1321],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[47,99173,99175,99176],{"id":99174},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,99177,20],{},[14,99179,165,99180,99182],{},[18,99181,20],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99184,5686],{},[34,99186,99187,99189,99191,99193],{},[37,99188,97299],{},[37,99190,96596],{},[37,99192,56689],{},[37,99194,99195],{},[18,99196,394],{},[819,99198,99200],{"id":99199},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[52,99202,99204],{"className":54,"code":99203,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99205,99206,99240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99207,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99209,68],{"class":67},[61,99211,72],{"class":71},[61,99213,110],{"class":109},[61,99215,416],{"class":75},[61,99217,80],{"class":79},[61,99219,83],{"class":75},[61,99221,86],{"class":79},[61,99223,83],{"class":75},[61,99225,86],{"class":79},[61,99227,83],{"class":75},[61,99229,95],{"class":79},[61,99231,83],{"class":75},[61,99233,95],{"class":79},[61,99235,83],{"class":75},[61,99237,1178],{"class":79},[61,99239,1474],{"class":75},[61,99241,99242,99244,99246,99248],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99243,127],{"class":126},[61,99245,113],{"class":75},[61,99247,117],{"class":116},[61,99249,120],{"class":75},[14,99251,99252],{},[23,99253,287],{},[52,99255,99256],{"className":54,"code":96487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99257,99258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99261,149],{"class":75},[61,99263,80],{"class":79},[61,99265,83],{"class":75},[61,99267,86],{"class":79},[61,99269,83],{"class":75},[61,99271,95],{"class":79},[61,99273,83],{"class":75},[61,99275,1178],{"class":79},[61,99277,162],{"class":75},[14,99279,99280,99281,26],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[334,99282,923],{"href":99283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F",[819,99285,99287],{"id":99286},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[52,99289,99291],{"className":54,"code":99290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99292,99293,99319],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99294,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99296,937],{"class":67},[61,99298,72],{"class":71},[61,99300,110],{"class":109},[61,99302,444],{"class":75},[61,99304,447],{"class":79},[61,99306,83],{"class":75},[61,99308,452],{"class":79},[61,99310,83],{"class":75},[61,99312,452],{"class":79},[61,99314,83],{"class":75},[61,99316,8025],{"class":79},[61,99318,480],{"class":75},[61,99320,99321,99323,99325,99327],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99322,127],{"class":126},[61,99324,113],{"class":75},[61,99326,974],{"class":116},[61,99328,120],{"class":75},[14,99330,99331],{},[23,99332,287],{},[52,99334,99336],{"className":54,"code":99335,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99337,99338],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99341,149],{"class":75},[61,99343,447],{"class":79},[61,99345,83],{"class":75},[61,99347,452],{"class":79},[61,99349,83],{"class":75},[61,99351,8025],{"class":79},[61,99353,162],{"class":75},[819,99355,99357],{"id":99356},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[52,99359,99361],{"className":54,"code":99360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99362,99363,99381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99364,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99366,36312],{"class":67},[61,99368,72],{"class":71},[61,99370,110],{"class":109},[61,99372,113],{"class":75},[61,99374,215],{"class":214},[61,99376,475],{"class":218},[61,99378,215],{"class":214},[61,99380,120],{"class":75},[61,99382,99383,99385,99387,99389],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99384,127],{"class":126},[61,99386,113],{"class":75},[61,99388,36365],{"class":116},[61,99390,120],{"class":75},[14,99392,99393],{},[23,99394,287],{},[52,99396,99398],{"className":54,"code":99397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99399,99400],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99401,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99403,149],{"class":75},[61,99405,299],{"class":214},[61,99407,544],{"class":218},[61,99409,299],{"class":214},[61,99411,83],{"class":75},[61,99413,308],{"class":214},[61,99415,553],{"class":218},[61,99417,299],{"class":214},[61,99419,83],{"class":75},[61,99421,308],{"class":214},[61,99423,562],{"class":218},[61,99425,299],{"class":214},[61,99427,83],{"class":75},[61,99429,308],{"class":214},[61,99431,571],{"class":218},[61,99433,299],{"class":214},[61,99435,162],{"class":75},[14,99437,99438],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[47,99440,99442],{"id":99441},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99444,99445,99446,26],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99447,20],{},[52,99449,99450],{"className":54,"code":614,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99451,99452,99462,99472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99455,621],{"class":67},[61,99457,72],{"class":71},[61,99459,110],{"class":109},[61,99461,628],{"class":75},[61,99463,99464,99466,99468,99470],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99465,127],{"class":126},[61,99467,113],{"class":75},[61,99469,637],{"class":116},[61,99471,120],{"class":75},[61,99473,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,99475,127],{"class":126},[61,99477,113],{"class":75},[61,99479,648],{"class":109},[61,99481,113],{"class":75},[61,99483,637],{"class":116},[61,99485,480],{"class":75},[14,99487,99488],{},[23,99489,139],{},[52,99491,99492],{"className":54,"code":659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99493,99494,99500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99495,99496,99498],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99497,354],{"class":109},[61,99499,628],{"class":75},[61,99501,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99503,672],{"class":71},[61,99505,676],{"class":675},[61,99507,308],{"class":214},[61,99509,354],{"class":218},[61,99511,299],{"class":214},[61,99513,685],{"class":71},[819,99515,44652,99517],{"id":99516},"do-not-use",[18,99518,700],{},[14,99520,99521,99522,99524],{},"Empty braces do ",[23,99523,704],{}," create a set.",[52,99526,99528],{"className":54,"code":99527,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99529,99530,99538,99548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99531,99532,99534,99536],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99533,98444],{"class":67},[61,99535,72],{"class":71},[61,99537,733],{"class":75},[61,99539,99540,99542,99544,99546],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99541,127],{"class":126},[61,99543,113],{"class":75},[61,99545,98461],{"class":116},[61,99547,120],{"class":75},[61,99549,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,99551,127],{"class":126},[61,99553,113],{"class":75},[61,99555,648],{"class":109},[61,99557,113],{"class":75},[61,99559,98461],{"class":116},[61,99561,480],{"class":75},[14,99563,99564],{},[23,99565,139],{},[52,99567,99569],{"className":54,"code":99568,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99570,99571,99575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99572,99573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99574,9656],{"class":75},[61,99576,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99578,672],{"class":71},[61,99580,676],{"class":675},[61,99582,308],{"class":214},[61,99584,799],{"class":218},[61,99586,299],{"class":214},[61,99588,685],{"class":71},[14,99590,99591,9017],{},[18,99592,700],{},[47,99594,72486],{"id":72485},[14,99596,99597],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99599,99600],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[52,99602,99604],{"className":54,"code":99603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99605,99606,99654,99664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99607,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99609,4298],{"class":67},[61,99611,72],{"class":71},[61,99613,1235],{"class":75},[61,99615,215],{"class":214},[61,99617,2042],{"class":218},[61,99619,215],{"class":214},[61,99621,83],{"class":75},[61,99623,226],{"class":214},[61,99625,1040],{"class":218},[61,99627,215],{"class":214},[61,99629,83],{"class":75},[61,99631,226],{"class":214},[61,99633,2042],{"class":218},[61,99635,215],{"class":214},[61,99637,83],{"class":75},[61,99639,226],{"class":214},[61,99641,2042],{"class":218},[61,99643,215],{"class":214},[61,99645,83],{"class":75},[61,99647,226],{"class":214},[61,99649,33442],{"class":218},[61,99651,215],{"class":214},[61,99653,162],{"class":75},[61,99655,99656,99658,99660,99662],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99657,127],{"class":126},[61,99659,113],{"class":75},[61,99661,4340],{"class":116},[61,99663,120],{"class":75},[61,99665,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,99667,127],{"class":126},[61,99669,113],{"class":75},[61,99671,1948],{"class":126},[61,99673,113],{"class":75},[61,99675,4340],{"class":116},[61,99677,480],{"class":75},[14,99679,99680],{},[23,99681,287],{},[52,99683,99685],{"className":54,"code":99684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99686,99687,99715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99688,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99690,149],{"class":75},[61,99692,299],{"class":214},[61,99694,1040],{"class":218},[61,99696,299],{"class":214},[61,99698,83],{"class":75},[61,99700,308],{"class":214},[61,99702,33442],{"class":218},[61,99704,299],{"class":214},[61,99706,83],{"class":75},[61,99708,308],{"class":214},[61,99710,2042],{"class":218},[61,99712,299],{"class":214},[61,99714,162],{"class":75},[61,99716,99717],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99718,46840],{"class":79},[14,99720,99721],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[47,99723,99725],{"id":99724},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99727,1187,99728,99730],{},[23,99729,1190],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99732,1196],{},[34,99734,99735,99737,99739,99741],{},[37,99736,56686],{},[37,99738,56689],{},[37,99740,96596],{},[37,99742,40817],{},[52,99744,99746],{"className":54,"code":99745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99747,99748,99782],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99749,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99751,937],{"class":67},[61,99753,72],{"class":71},[61,99755,1235],{"class":75},[61,99757,80],{"class":79},[61,99759,83],{"class":75},[61,99761,226],{"class":214},[61,99763,2042],{"class":218},[61,99765,215],{"class":214},[61,99767,83],{"class":75},[61,99769,942],{"class":75},[61,99771,447],{"class":79},[61,99773,83],{"class":75},[61,99775,452],{"class":79},[61,99777,1362],{"class":75},[61,99779,4145],{"class":1523},[61,99781,162],{"class":75},[61,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99785,127],{"class":126},[61,99787,113],{"class":75},[61,99789,974],{"class":116},[61,99791,120],{"class":75},[14,99793,1272,99794,99796],{},[23,99795,704],{}," work directly:",[34,99798,99799,99801],{},[37,99800,97299],{},[37,99802,97302],{},[52,99804,99806],{"className":54,"code":99805,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99807,99808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99809,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99811,1302],{"class":67},[61,99813,72],{"class":71},[61,99815,1307],{"class":75},[61,99817,80],{"class":79},[61,99819,83],{"class":75},[61,99821,86],{"class":79},[61,99823,83],{"class":75},[61,99825,95],{"class":79},[61,99827,1328],{"class":75},[14,99829,99830],{},"This raises an error:",[52,99832,99833],{"className":54,"code":97357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,99834,99835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99838,1334],{"class":109},[61,99840,378],{"class":75},[61,99842,97368],{"class":67},[61,99844,648],{"class":109},[61,99846,378],{"class":75},[61,99848,308],{"class":214},[61,99850,383],{"class":218},[61,99852,29921],{"class":214},[14,99854,52303],{},[52,99856,99858],{"className":54,"code":99857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99859,99860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99861,99862,99864,99866,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881,99883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99863,1302],{"class":67},[61,99865,72],{"class":71},[61,99867,99868],{"class":75}," {{",[61,99870,215],{"class":214},[61,99872,7899],{"class":218},[61,99874,215],{"class":214},[61,99876,378],{"class":75},[61,99878,226],{"class":214},[61,99880,7908],{"class":218},[61,99882,215],{"class":214},[61,99884,99885],{"class":75},"}}\n",[14,99887,99888],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,99890,99892],{"id":99891},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[819,99894,99896],{"id":99895},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[52,99898,99900],{"className":54,"code":99899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99901,99902,99926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99903,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99905,68],{"class":67},[61,99907,72],{"class":71},[61,99909,1235],{"class":75},[61,99911,80],{"class":79},[61,99913,83],{"class":75},[61,99915,86],{"class":79},[61,99917,83],{"class":75},[61,99919,95],{"class":79},[61,99921,83],{"class":75},[61,99923,1178],{"class":79},[61,99925,162],{"class":75},[61,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99929,127],{"class":126},[61,99931,113],{"class":75},[61,99933,117],{"class":116},[61,99935,120],{"class":75},[819,99937,99939],{"id":99938},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[52,99941,99943],{"className":54,"code":99942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99944,99945,99973,99988,99992],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,99946,99947,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,99948,1230],{"class":67},[61,99950,72],{"class":71},[61,99952,76],{"class":75},[61,99954,80],{"class":79},[61,99956,83],{"class":75},[61,99958,587],{"class":79},[61,99960,83],{"class":75},[61,99962,86],{"class":79},[61,99964,83],{"class":75},[61,99966,95],{"class":79},[61,99968,83],{"class":75},[61,99970,95],{"class":79},[61,99972,98],{"class":75},[61,99974,99975,99978,99980,99982,99984,99986],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,99976,99977],{"class":67},"unique_items ",[61,99979,72],{"class":71},[61,99981,110],{"class":109},[61,99983,113],{"class":75},[61,99985,1267],{"class":116},[61,99987,120],{"class":75},[61,99989,99990],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,99991,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,99993,99994,99996,99998,100001],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,99995,127],{"class":126},[61,99997,113],{"class":75},[61,99999,100000],{"class":116},"unique_items",[61,100002,120],{"class":75},[819,100004,99357],{"id":100005},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[52,100007,100009],{"className":54,"code":100008,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,100010,100011,100029],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100012,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100014,36312],{"class":67},[61,100016,72],{"class":71},[61,100018,110],{"class":109},[61,100020,113],{"class":75},[61,100022,215],{"class":214},[61,100024,1040],{"class":218},[61,100026,215],{"class":214},[61,100028,120],{"class":75},[61,100030,100031,100033,100035,100037],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100032,127],{"class":126},[61,100034,113],{"class":75},[61,100036,36365],{"class":116},[61,100038,120],{"class":75},[819,100040,100042],{"id":100041},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[52,100044,100046],{"className":54,"code":100045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,100047,100048,100058],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100051,621],{"class":67},[61,100053,72],{"class":71},[61,100055,110],{"class":109},[61,100057,628],{"class":75},[61,100059,100060,100062,100064,100066],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100061,127],{"class":126},[61,100063,113],{"class":75},[61,100065,637],{"class":116},[61,100067,120],{"class":75},[47,100069,1741],{"id":1740},[14,100071,100072],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[819,100074,1750,100075,1753],{"id":1749},[18,100076,700],{},[14,100078,100079],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[52,100081,100082],{"className":54,"code":1759,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,100083,100084,100092],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100085,100086,100088,100090],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100087,1766],{"class":67},[61,100089,72],{"class":71},[61,100091,733],{"class":75},[61,100093,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100095,127],{"class":126},[61,100097,113],{"class":75},[61,100099,648],{"class":109},[61,100101,113],{"class":75},[61,100103,1783],{"class":116},[61,100105,480],{"class":75},[14,100107,100108],{},"This prints:",[52,100110,100111],{"className":54,"code":1701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,100112,100113],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100114,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100116,672],{"class":71},[61,100118,676],{"class":675},[61,100120,308],{"class":214},[61,100122,799],{"class":218},[61,100124,299],{"class":214},[61,100126,685],{"class":71},[14,100128,165,100129,6860],{},[18,100130,20],{},[819,100132,100134],{"id":100133},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100136,100137],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[52,100139,100141],{"className":54,"code":100140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100142,100143,100171],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100144,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100146,68],{"class":67},[61,100148,72],{"class":71},[61,100150,1235],{"class":75},[61,100152,80],{"class":79},[61,100154,83],{"class":75},[61,100156,587],{"class":79},[61,100158,83],{"class":75},[61,100160,86],{"class":79},[61,100162,83],{"class":75},[61,100164,86],{"class":79},[61,100166,83],{"class":75},[61,100168,95],{"class":79},[61,100170,162],{"class":75},[61,100172,100173,100175,100177,100179],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100174,127],{"class":126},[61,100176,113],{"class":75},[61,100178,117],{"class":116},[61,100180,120],{"class":75},[14,100182,100183],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[819,100185,100187],{"id":100186},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100189,100190],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100192,100193],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[52,100195,100197],{"className":54,"code":100196,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,100198,100199,100219],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100200,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100202,68],{"class":67},[61,100204,72],{"class":71},[61,100206,1235],{"class":75},[61,100208,447],{"class":79},[61,100210,83],{"class":75},[61,100212,452],{"class":79},[61,100214,83],{"class":75},[61,100216,8025],{"class":79},[61,100218,162],{"class":75},[61,100220,100221],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100222,100223],{"class":3896},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100225,100226],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[819,100228,100230],{"id":100229},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100232,100233],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[52,100235,100237],{"className":54,"code":100236,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,100238,100239,100244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100240,100241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100242,100243],{"class":3896},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[61,100245,100246],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100247,100248],{"class":3896},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100250,100251,100252,26],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100253,1334],{},[819,100255,100257],{"id":100256},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100259,100260],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[52,100262,100264],{"className":54,"code":100263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100265,100266,100286,100318,100322,100336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100267,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100269,15850],{"class":67},[61,100271,72],{"class":71},[61,100273,1235],{"class":75},[61,100275,80],{"class":79},[61,100277,83],{"class":75},[61,100279,86],{"class":79},[61,100281,83],{"class":75},[61,100283,95],{"class":79},[61,100285,162],{"class":75},[61,100287,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100289,11946],{"class":67},[61,100291,72],{"class":71},[61,100293,1235],{"class":75},[61,100295,215],{"class":214},[61,100297,334],{"class":218},[61,100299,215],{"class":214},[61,100301,378],{"class":75},[61,100303,587],{"class":79},[61,100305,83],{"class":75},[61,100307,226],{"class":214},[61,100309,765],{"class":218},[61,100311,215],{"class":214},[61,100313,378],{"class":75},[61,100315,86],{"class":79},[61,100317,162],{"class":75},[61,100319,100320],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,100321,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,100323,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,100325,127],{"class":126},[61,100327,113],{"class":75},[61,100329,648],{"class":109},[61,100331,113],{"class":75},[61,100333,1937],{"class":116},[61,100335,480],{"class":75},[61,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,100339,127],{"class":126},[61,100341,113],{"class":75},[61,100343,648],{"class":109},[61,100345,113],{"class":75},[61,100347,11670],{"class":116},[61,100349,480],{"class":75},[47,100351,93000],{"id":92999},[14,100353,100354],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[52,100356,100358],{"className":54,"code":100357,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100359,100360,100386,100390,100404,100414,100428,100435],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100361,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100363,15850],{"class":67},[61,100365,72],{"class":71},[61,100367,110],{"class":109},[61,100369,416],{"class":75},[61,100371,80],{"class":79},[61,100373,83],{"class":75},[61,100375,86],{"class":79},[61,100377,83],{"class":75},[61,100379,86],{"class":79},[61,100381,83],{"class":75},[61,100383,95],{"class":79},[61,100385,1474],{"class":75},[61,100387,100388],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100389,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,100391,100392,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,100393,127],{"class":126},[61,100395,113],{"class":75},[61,100397,648],{"class":109},[61,100399,113],{"class":75},[61,100401,1937],{"class":116},[61,100403,480],{"class":75},[61,100405,100406,100408,100410,100412],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,100407,127],{"class":126},[61,100409,113],{"class":75},[61,100411,1937],{"class":116},[61,100413,120],{"class":75},[61,100415,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,100417,127],{"class":126},[61,100419,113],{"class":75},[61,100421,1948],{"class":126},[61,100423,113],{"class":75},[61,100425,1937],{"class":116},[61,100427,480],{"class":75},[61,100429,100430,100432],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,100431,127],{"class":126},[61,100433,100434],{"class":75},"({})\n",[61,100436,100437,100439,100441,100443],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,100438,127],{"class":126},[61,100440,113],{"class":75},[61,100442,354],{"class":109},[61,100444,7424],{"class":75},[14,100446,100447],{},"Use these to confirm:",[34,100449,100450,100453,100456,100459],{},[37,100451,100452],{},"The object type",[37,100454,100455],{},"The actual values stored",[37,100457,100458],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[37,100460,100461,100462,4621,100464],{},"The difference between ",[18,100463,700],{},[18,100465,20],{},[47,100467,1987],{"id":1986},[819,100469,100471],{"id":100470},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100473,100474,100475,100477,100478,100480],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100476,1601],{},", or use ",[18,100479,20],{}," with another iterable.",[819,100482,100484],{"id":100483},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100486,165,100487,100489,100490,100492],{},[18,100488,20],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100491,700],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[819,100494,100496],{"id":100495},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100498,100499],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[819,100501,100503],{"id":100502},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100505,100506],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[819,100508,100510],{"id":100509},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100512,100513],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[47,100515,2144],{"id":2143},[34,100517,100518,100522,100528,100534,100538],{},[37,100519,100520],{},[334,100521,337],{"href":97710},[37,100523,100524],{},[334,100525,3808,100526,10961],{"href":98706},[18,100527,96425],{},[37,100529,100530],{},[334,100531,3808,100532,10961],{"href":98725},[18,100533,97525],{},[37,100535,100536],{},[334,100537,2159],{"href":99283},[37,100539,100540],{},[334,100541,100542],{"href":98997},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100544,100545],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2169,100547,100548],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":100550},[100551,100552,100553,100554,100557,100563,100567,100568,100569,100575,100582,100583,100590],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":98969,"depth":101,"text":98970},{"id":99001,"depth":101,"text":99002,"children":100555},[100556],{"id":99070,"depth":123,"text":99071},{"id":99174,"depth":101,"text":100558,"children":100559},"Create a set with set()",[100560,100561,100562],{"id":99199,"depth":123,"text":99200},{"id":99286,"depth":123,"text":99287},{"id":99356,"depth":123,"text":99357},{"id":99441,"depth":101,"text":99442,"children":100564},[100565],{"id":99516,"depth":123,"text":100566},"Do not use {}",{"id":72485,"depth":101,"text":72486},{"id":99724,"depth":101,"text":99725},{"id":99891,"depth":101,"text":99892,"children":100570},[100571,100572,100573,100574],{"id":99895,"depth":123,"text":99896},{"id":99938,"depth":123,"text":99939},{"id":100005,"depth":123,"text":99357},{"id":100041,"depth":123,"text":100042},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":100576},[100577,100578,100579,100580,100581],{"id":1749,"depth":123,"text":2197},{"id":100133,"depth":123,"text":100134},{"id":100186,"depth":123,"text":100187},{"id":100229,"depth":123,"text":100230},{"id":100256,"depth":123,"text":100257},{"id":92999,"depth":101,"text":93000},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":100584},[100585,100586,100587,100588,100589],{"id":100470,"depth":123,"text":100471},{"id":100483,"depth":123,"text":100484},{"id":100495,"depth":123,"text":100496},{"id":100502,"depth":123,"text":100503},{"id":100509,"depth":123,"text":100510},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98772,"description":100591},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100597,"title":100598,"body":100599,"description":103030,"extension":2216,"meta":103031,"navigation":271,"path":103032,"seo":103033,"stem":103034,"__hash__":103035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100600,"toc":102995},[100601,100607,100613,100616,100618,100695,100697,100714,100724,100726,100731,100739,100741,100757,100761,100763,100765,100768,100789,100792,100816,100822,100824,100921,100923,100940,100950,100952,100954,100962,100964,100975,100977,101068,101070,101094,101105,101107,101109,101112,101242,101244,101317,101319,101340,101343,101345,101351,101356,101359,101486,101488,101505,101508,101510,101518,101521,101525,101533,101624,101626,101663,101668,101675,101752,101754,101770,101775,101780,101782,101791,101799,101880,101882,101911,101914,101918,101929,101932,102015,102017,102038,102044,102046,102048,102052,102056,102063,102128,102130,102150,102153,102222,102224,102240,102244,102250,102262,102270,102272,102357,102359,102388,102391,102395,102400,102402,102452,102455,102536,102538,102554,102558,102561,102636,102639,102643,102646,102723,102725,102758,102764,102768,102771,102906,102908,102922,102924,102926,102932,102935,102942,102950,102956,102959,102963,102966,102968,102970,102992],[10,100602,96417,100604,11542],{"id":100603},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100605,100606],{},"difference()",[14,100608,100609,100612],{},[18,100610,100611],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100614,100615],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[47,100617,3842],{"id":3841},[52,100619,100621],{"className":54,"code":100620,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100622,100623,100647,100667,100685],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100624,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100626,717],{"class":67},[61,100628,72],{"class":71},[61,100630,1235],{"class":75},[61,100632,80],{"class":79},[61,100634,83],{"class":75},[61,100636,86],{"class":79},[61,100638,83],{"class":75},[61,100640,95],{"class":79},[61,100642,83],{"class":75},[61,100644,1178],{"class":79},[61,100646,162],{"class":75},[61,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100650,728],{"class":67},[61,100652,72],{"class":71},[61,100654,1235],{"class":75},[61,100656,1321],{"class":79},[61,100658,83],{"class":75},[61,100660,1178],{"class":79},[61,100662,83],{"class":75},[61,100664,950],{"class":79},[61,100666,162],{"class":75},[61,100668,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,100670,869],{"class":67},[61,100672,72],{"class":71},[61,100674,57112],{"class":67},[61,100676,26],{"class":75},[61,100678,3053],{"class":116},[61,100680,113],{"class":75},[61,100682,765],{"class":116},[61,100684,120],{"class":75},[61,100686,100687,100689,100691,100693],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,100688,127],{"class":126},[61,100690,113],{"class":75},[61,100692,892],{"class":116},[61,100694,120],{"class":75},[14,100696,139],{},[52,100698,100700],{"className":54,"code":100699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100701,100702],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100703,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100705,149],{"class":75},[61,100707,80],{"class":79},[61,100709,83],{"class":75},[61,100711,86],{"class":79},[61,100713,162],{"class":75},[14,100715,100716,100718,100719,100721,100722,26],{},[18,100717,100606],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100720,334],{}," that are not in ",[18,100723,765],{},[45140,100725],{},[47,100727,3911,100729,3914],{"id":100728},"what-difference-does",[18,100730,100606],{},[14,100732,2233,100733,100735,100736,100738],{},[18,100734,100606],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[23,100737,704],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100740,13276],{},[34,100742,100743,100748,100751,100754],{},[37,100744,100745,100747],{},[18,100746,100606],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[37,100749,100750],{},"It creates a new set",[37,100752,100753],{},"It does not change the original set",[37,100755,100756],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100758,96541,100759,26],{},[334,100760,337],{"href":97710},[45140,100762],{},[47,100764,341],{"id":340},[14,100766,100767],{},"Use this form:",[52,100769,100771],{"className":54,"code":100770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100772,100773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100774,100775,100778,100780,100782,100784,100787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100776,100777],{"class":67},"set1",[61,100779,26],{"class":75},[61,100781,3053],{"class":116},[61,100783,113],{"class":75},[61,100785,100786],{"class":116},"set2",[61,100788,120],{"class":75},[14,100790,100791],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[52,100793,100795],{"className":54,"code":100794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100796,100797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100798,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100800,100777],{"class":67},[61,100802,26],{"class":75},[61,100804,3053],{"class":116},[61,100806,113],{"class":75},[61,100808,100786],{"class":116},[61,100810,83],{"class":75},[61,100812,100813],{"class":116}," set3",[61,100815,120],{"class":75},[14,100817,100818,100819,100821],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[23,100820,5583],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100823,197],{},[52,100825,100827],{"className":54,"code":100826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100828,100829,100857,100873,100885,100889,100911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100830,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100832,717],{"class":67},[61,100834,72],{"class":71},[61,100836,1235],{"class":75},[61,100838,80],{"class":79},[61,100840,83],{"class":75},[61,100842,86],{"class":79},[61,100844,83],{"class":75},[61,100846,95],{"class":79},[61,100848,83],{"class":75},[61,100850,1178],{"class":79},[61,100852,83],{"class":75},[61,100854,950],{"class":79},[61,100856,162],{"class":75},[61,100858,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,100860,728],{"class":67},[61,100862,72],{"class":71},[61,100864,1235],{"class":75},[61,100866,2310],{"class":79},[61,100868,83],{"class":75},[61,100870,95],{"class":79},[61,100872,162],{"class":75},[61,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,100876,83401],{"class":67},[61,100878,72],{"class":71},[61,100880,1235],{"class":75},[61,100882,945],{"class":79},[61,100884,162],{"class":75},[61,100886,100887],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,100888,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,100890,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,100892,869],{"class":67},[61,100894,72],{"class":71},[61,100896,57112],{"class":67},[61,100898,26],{"class":75},[61,100900,3053],{"class":116},[61,100902,113],{"class":75},[61,100904,765],{"class":116},[61,100906,83],{"class":75},[61,100908,9903],{"class":116},[61,100910,120],{"class":75},[61,100912,100913,100915,100917,100919],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,100914,127],{"class":126},[61,100916,113],{"class":75},[61,100918,892],{"class":116},[61,100920,120],{"class":75},[14,100922,139],{},[52,100924,100926],{"className":54,"code":100925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100927,100928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100929,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100931,149],{"class":75},[61,100933,80],{"class":79},[61,100935,83],{"class":75},[61,100937,1178],{"class":79},[61,100939,162],{"class":75},[14,100941,100942,100943,100945,100946,1881,100948,26],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100944,334],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100947,765],{},[18,100949,9961],{},[45140,100951],{},[47,100953,17640],{"id":17639},[14,100955,100956,100958,100959,26],{},[18,100957,100606],{}," always returns a ",[23,100960,100961],{},"new set",[14,100963,43874],{},[34,100965,100966,100969,100972],{},[37,100967,100968],{},"The return value is a new set",[37,100970,100971],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[37,100973,100974],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100976,197],{},[52,100978,100980],{"className":54,"code":100979,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100981,100982,100998,101018,101022,101040,101044,101054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,100983,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,100985,717],{"class":67},[61,100987,72],{"class":71},[61,100989,1235],{"class":75},[61,100991,80],{"class":79},[61,100993,83],{"class":75},[61,100995,86],{"class":79},[61,100997,162],{"class":75},[61,100999,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101001,728],{"class":67},[61,101003,72],{"class":71},[61,101005,1235],{"class":75},[61,101007,80],{"class":79},[61,101009,83],{"class":75},[61,101011,86],{"class":79},[61,101013,83],{"class":75},[61,101015,95],{"class":79},[61,101017,162],{"class":75},[61,101019,101020],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101021,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101023,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101025,869],{"class":67},[61,101027,72],{"class":71},[61,101029,57112],{"class":67},[61,101031,26],{"class":75},[61,101033,3053],{"class":116},[61,101035,113],{"class":75},[61,101037,765],{"class":116},[61,101039,120],{"class":75},[61,101041,101042],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101043,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101045,101046,101048,101050,101052],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,101047,127],{"class":126},[61,101049,113],{"class":75},[61,101051,892],{"class":116},[61,101053,120],{"class":75},[61,101055,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,101057,127],{"class":126},[61,101059,113],{"class":75},[61,101061,648],{"class":109},[61,101063,113],{"class":75},[61,101065,892],{"class":116},[61,101067,480],{"class":75},[14,101069,139],{},[52,101071,101072],{"className":54,"code":659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,101073,101074,101080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101075,101076,101078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101077,354],{"class":109},[61,101079,628],{"class":75},[61,101081,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101083,672],{"class":71},[61,101085,676],{"class":675},[61,101087,308],{"class":214},[61,101089,354],{"class":218},[61,101091,299],{"class":214},[61,101093,685],{"class":71},[14,101095,101096,101097,19183,101099,101101,101102,101104],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,101098,20],{},[18,101100,700],{},". In Python, ",[18,101103,700],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45140,101106],{},[47,101108,11696],{"id":11695},[14,101110,101111],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[52,101113,101115],{"className":54,"code":101114,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,101116,101117,101150,101183,101187,101207,101211,101221,101232],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101118,101119,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101120,101121],{"class":67},"fruits_a ",[61,101123,72],{"class":71},[61,101125,1235],{"class":75},[61,101127,215],{"class":214},[61,101129,2042],{"class":218},[61,101131,215],{"class":214},[61,101133,83],{"class":75},[61,101135,226],{"class":214},[61,101137,1040],{"class":218},[61,101139,215],{"class":214},[61,101141,83],{"class":75},[61,101143,226],{"class":214},[61,101145,33442],{"class":218},[61,101147,215],{"class":214},[61,101149,162],{"class":75},[61,101151,101152,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101153,101154],{"class":67},"fruits_b ",[61,101156,72],{"class":71},[61,101158,1235],{"class":75},[61,101160,215],{"class":214},[61,101162,1040],{"class":218},[61,101164,215],{"class":214},[61,101166,83],{"class":75},[61,101168,226],{"class":214},[61,101170,33442],{"class":218},[61,101172,215],{"class":214},[61,101174,83],{"class":75},[61,101176,226],{"class":214},[61,101178,22753],{"class":218},[61,101180,215],{"class":214},[61,101182,162],{"class":75},[61,101184,101185],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101186,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101188,101189,101191,101193,101196,101198,101200,101202,101205],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101190,869],{"class":67},[61,101192,72],{"class":71},[61,101194,101195],{"class":67}," fruits_a",[61,101197,26],{"class":75},[61,101199,3053],{"class":116},[61,101201,113],{"class":75},[61,101203,101204],{"class":116},"fruits_b",[61,101206,120],{"class":75},[61,101208,101209],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101212,101213,101215,101217,101219],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,101214,127],{"class":126},[61,101216,113],{"class":75},[61,101218,892],{"class":116},[61,101220,120],{"class":75},[61,101222,101223,101225,101227,101230],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,101224,127],{"class":126},[61,101226,113],{"class":75},[61,101228,101229],{"class":116},"fruits_a",[61,101231,120],{"class":75},[61,101233,101234,101236,101238,101240],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,101235,127],{"class":126},[61,101237,113],{"class":75},[61,101239,101204],{"class":116},[61,101241,120],{"class":75},[14,101243,287],{},[52,101245,101247],{"className":54,"code":101246,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101248,101249,101261,101289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101250,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101252,149],{"class":75},[61,101254,299],{"class":214},[61,101256,2042],{"class":218},[61,101258,299],{"class":214},[61,101260,162],{"class":75},[61,101262,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101264,149],{"class":75},[61,101266,299],{"class":214},[61,101268,1040],{"class":218},[61,101270,299],{"class":214},[61,101272,83],{"class":75},[61,101274,308],{"class":214},[61,101276,33442],{"class":218},[61,101278,299],{"class":214},[61,101280,83],{"class":75},[61,101282,308],{"class":214},[61,101284,2042],{"class":218},[61,101286,299],{"class":214},[61,101288,162],{"class":75},[61,101290,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101292,149],{"class":75},[61,101294,299],{"class":214},[61,101296,1040],{"class":218},[61,101298,299],{"class":214},[61,101300,83],{"class":75},[61,101302,308],{"class":214},[61,101304,33442],{"class":218},[61,101306,299],{"class":214},[61,101308,83],{"class":75},[61,101310,308],{"class":214},[61,101312,22753],{"class":218},[61,101314,299],{"class":214},[61,101316,162],{"class":75},[14,101318,11905],{},[34,101320,101321,101326,101331,101337],{},[37,101322,101323,101324],{},"Start with ",[18,101325,101229],{},[37,101327,101328,101329],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101330,101204],{},[37,101332,101333,101334,101336],{},"Only ",[18,101335,58058],{}," remains",[37,101338,101339],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101341,101342],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45140,101344],{},[47,101346,1750,101348,101350],{"id":101347},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101349,100606],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101352,101353,101354,26],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101355,100606],{},[14,101357,101358],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[52,101360,101362],{"className":54,"code":101361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101363,101364,101396,101413,101426,101443,101447,101476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101365,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101367,68],{"class":67},[61,101369,72],{"class":71},[61,101371,1235],{"class":75},[61,101373,80],{"class":79},[61,101375,83],{"class":75},[61,101377,86],{"class":79},[61,101379,83],{"class":75},[61,101381,95],{"class":79},[61,101383,83],{"class":75},[61,101385,1178],{"class":79},[61,101387,83],{"class":75},[61,101389,950],{"class":79},[61,101391,83],{"class":75},[61,101393,37865],{"class":79},[61,101395,162],{"class":75},[61,101397,101398,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101399,101400],{"class":67},"group_a ",[61,101402,72],{"class":71},[61,101404,1235],{"class":75},[61,101406,2310],{"class":79},[61,101408,83],{"class":75},[61,101410,1178],{"class":79},[61,101412,162],{"class":75},[61,101414,101415,101418,101420,101422,101424],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101416,101417],{"class":67},"group_b ",[61,101419,72],{"class":71},[61,101421,1235],{"class":75},[61,101423,945],{"class":79},[61,101425,162],{"class":75},[61,101427,101428,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101429,101430],{"class":67},"group_c ",[61,101432,72],{"class":71},[61,101434,1235],{"class":75},[61,101436,80809],{"class":79},[61,101438,83],{"class":75},[61,101440,6222],{"class":79},[61,101442,162],{"class":75},[61,101444,101445],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101446,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101464,101466,101469,101471,101474],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,101450,869],{"class":67},[61,101452,72],{"class":71},[61,101454,4490],{"class":67},[61,101456,26],{"class":75},[61,101458,3053],{"class":116},[61,101460,113],{"class":75},[61,101462,101463],{"class":116},"group_a",[61,101465,83],{"class":75},[61,101467,101468],{"class":116}," group_b",[61,101470,83],{"class":75},[61,101472,101473],{"class":116}," group_c",[61,101475,120],{"class":75},[61,101477,101478,101480,101482,101484],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,101479,127],{"class":126},[61,101481,113],{"class":75},[61,101483,892],{"class":116},[61,101485,120],{"class":75},[14,101487,139],{},[52,101489,101491],{"className":54,"code":101490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101492,101493],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101496,149],{"class":75},[61,101498,80],{"class":79},[61,101500,83],{"class":75},[61,101502,95],{"class":79},[61,101504,162],{"class":75},[14,101506,101507],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45140,101509],{},[47,101511,101513,10806,101515],{"id":101512},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101514,100606],{},[18,101516,101517],{},"difference_update()",[14,101519,101520],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[819,101522,101523],{"id":3053},[18,101524,100606],{},[34,101526,101527,101530],{},[37,101528,101529],{},"Returns a new set",[37,101531,101532],{},"Does not change the original set",[52,101534,101536],{"className":54,"code":101535,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101537,101538,101562,101578,101582,101600,101604,101614],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101539,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101541,717],{"class":67},[61,101543,72],{"class":71},[61,101545,1235],{"class":75},[61,101547,80],{"class":79},[61,101549,83],{"class":75},[61,101551,86],{"class":79},[61,101553,83],{"class":75},[61,101555,95],{"class":79},[61,101557,83],{"class":75},[61,101559,1178],{"class":79},[61,101561,162],{"class":75},[61,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101565,728],{"class":67},[61,101567,72],{"class":71},[61,101569,1235],{"class":75},[61,101571,1321],{"class":79},[61,101573,83],{"class":75},[61,101575,1178],{"class":79},[61,101577,162],{"class":75},[61,101579,101580],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101581,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101583,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101585,869],{"class":67},[61,101587,72],{"class":71},[61,101589,57112],{"class":67},[61,101591,26],{"class":75},[61,101593,3053],{"class":116},[61,101595,113],{"class":75},[61,101597,765],{"class":116},[61,101599,120],{"class":75},[61,101601,101602],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101603,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,101607,127],{"class":126},[61,101609,113],{"class":75},[61,101611,892],{"class":116},[61,101613,120],{"class":75},[61,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,101617,127],{"class":126},[61,101619,113],{"class":75},[61,101621,334],{"class":116},[61,101623,120],{"class":75},[14,101625,139],{},[52,101627,101629],{"className":54,"code":101628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101630,101631,101643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101632,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101634,149],{"class":75},[61,101636,80],{"class":79},[61,101638,83],{"class":75},[61,101640,86],{"class":79},[61,101642,162],{"class":75},[61,101644,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101646,149],{"class":75},[61,101648,80],{"class":79},[61,101650,83],{"class":75},[61,101652,86],{"class":79},[61,101654,83],{"class":75},[61,101656,95],{"class":79},[61,101658,83],{"class":75},[61,101660,1178],{"class":79},[61,101662,162],{"class":75},[819,101664,101666],{"id":101665},"difference_update",[18,101667,101517],{},[34,101669,101670,101673],{},[37,101671,101672],{},"Changes the original set",[37,101674,96535],{},[52,101676,101678],{"className":54,"code":101677,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101679,101680,101704,101720,101724,101738,101742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101681,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101683,717],{"class":67},[61,101685,72],{"class":71},[61,101687,1235],{"class":75},[61,101689,80],{"class":79},[61,101691,83],{"class":75},[61,101693,86],{"class":79},[61,101695,83],{"class":75},[61,101697,95],{"class":79},[61,101699,83],{"class":75},[61,101701,1178],{"class":79},[61,101703,162],{"class":75},[61,101705,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101707,728],{"class":67},[61,101709,72],{"class":71},[61,101711,1235],{"class":75},[61,101713,1321],{"class":79},[61,101715,83],{"class":75},[61,101717,1178],{"class":79},[61,101719,162],{"class":75},[61,101721,101722],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101723,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101725,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101727,334],{"class":67},[61,101729,26],{"class":75},[61,101731,101665],{"class":116},[61,101733,113],{"class":75},[61,101735,765],{"class":116},[61,101737,120],{"class":75},[61,101739,101740],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101741,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,101745,127],{"class":126},[61,101747,113],{"class":75},[61,101749,334],{"class":116},[61,101751,120],{"class":75},[14,101753,139],{},[52,101755,101756],{"className":54,"code":100699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,101757,101758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101759,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101761,149],{"class":75},[61,101763,80],{"class":79},[61,101765,83],{"class":75},[61,101767,86],{"class":79},[61,101769,162],{"class":75},[14,101771,165,101772,101774],{},[18,101773,100606],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101776,101777,101778,33822],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101779,101517],{},[45140,101781],{},[47,101783,101785,101787,101788,101790],{"id":101784},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101786,100606],{}," vs the ",[18,101789,2275],{}," operator",[14,101792,2233,101793,101795,101796,101798],{},[18,101794,2275],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101797,100606],{}," for two sets.",[52,101800,101802],{"className":54,"code":101801,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101803,101804,101828,101844,101848,101866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101805,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101807,717],{"class":67},[61,101809,72],{"class":71},[61,101811,1235],{"class":75},[61,101813,80],{"class":79},[61,101815,83],{"class":75},[61,101817,86],{"class":79},[61,101819,83],{"class":75},[61,101821,95],{"class":79},[61,101823,83],{"class":75},[61,101825,1178],{"class":79},[61,101827,162],{"class":75},[61,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101831,728],{"class":67},[61,101833,72],{"class":71},[61,101835,1235],{"class":75},[61,101837,1321],{"class":79},[61,101839,83],{"class":75},[61,101841,1178],{"class":79},[61,101843,162],{"class":75},[61,101845,101846],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101847,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101849,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101851,127],{"class":126},[61,101853,113],{"class":75},[61,101855,334],{"class":116},[61,101857,26],{"class":75},[61,101859,3053],{"class":116},[61,101861,113],{"class":75},[61,101863,765],{"class":116},[61,101865,480],{"class":75},[61,101867,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101869,127],{"class":126},[61,101871,113],{"class":75},[61,101873,717],{"class":116},[61,101875,2275],{"class":71},[61,101877,2801],{"class":116},[61,101879,120],{"class":75},[14,101881,139],{},[52,101883,101885],{"className":54,"code":101884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101886,101887,101899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101888,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101890,149],{"class":75},[61,101892,80],{"class":79},[61,101894,83],{"class":75},[61,101896,86],{"class":79},[61,101898,162],{"class":75},[61,101900,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101902,149],{"class":75},[61,101904,80],{"class":79},[61,101906,83],{"class":75},[61,101908,86],{"class":79},[61,101910,162],{"class":75},[14,101912,101913],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101915,94805,101916,2735],{},[18,101917,100606],{},[34,101919,101920,101923,101926],{},[37,101921,101922],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[37,101924,101925],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[37,101927,101928],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101930,101931],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[52,101933,101935],{"className":54,"code":101934,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101936,101937,101965,101977,101989,101993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,101938,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,101940,717],{"class":67},[61,101942,72],{"class":71},[61,101944,1235],{"class":75},[61,101946,80],{"class":79},[61,101948,83],{"class":75},[61,101950,86],{"class":79},[61,101952,83],{"class":75},[61,101954,95],{"class":79},[61,101956,83],{"class":75},[61,101958,1178],{"class":79},[61,101960,83],{"class":75},[61,101962,950],{"class":79},[61,101964,162],{"class":75},[61,101966,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,101968,728],{"class":67},[61,101970,72],{"class":71},[61,101972,1235],{"class":75},[61,101974,2310],{"class":79},[61,101976,162],{"class":75},[61,101978,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,101980,83401],{"class":67},[61,101982,72],{"class":71},[61,101984,1235],{"class":75},[61,101986,498],{"class":79},[61,101988,162],{"class":75},[61,101990,101991],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,101992,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,101994,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011,102013],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,101996,127],{"class":126},[61,101998,113],{"class":75},[61,102000,334],{"class":116},[61,102002,26],{"class":75},[61,102004,3053],{"class":116},[61,102006,113],{"class":75},[61,102008,765],{"class":116},[61,102010,83],{"class":75},[61,102012,9903],{"class":116},[61,102014,480],{"class":75},[14,102016,139],{},[52,102018,102020],{"className":54,"code":102019,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,102021,102022],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102023,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102025,149],{"class":75},[61,102027,80],{"class":79},[61,102029,83],{"class":75},[61,102031,95],{"class":79},[61,102033,83],{"class":75},[61,102035,950],{"class":79},[61,102037,162],{"class":75},[14,102039,102040,102041,102043],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,102042,2275],{}," operator expression.",[45140,102045],{},[47,102047,4747],{"id":4746},[14,102049,21431,102050,26],{},[18,102051,100606],{},[819,102053,102055],{"id":102054},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,102057,4856,102058,102060,102061,378],{},[23,102059,704],{}," change ",[18,102062,334],{},[52,102064,102066],{"className":54,"code":102065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102067,102068,102088,102100,102104,102118],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102069,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102071,717],{"class":67},[61,102073,72],{"class":71},[61,102075,1235],{"class":75},[61,102077,80],{"class":79},[61,102079,83],{"class":75},[61,102081,86],{"class":79},[61,102083,83],{"class":75},[61,102085,95],{"class":79},[61,102087,162],{"class":75},[61,102089,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102091,728],{"class":67},[61,102093,72],{"class":71},[61,102095,1235],{"class":75},[61,102097,1321],{"class":79},[61,102099,162],{"class":75},[61,102101,102102],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102103,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102107,334],{"class":67},[61,102109,26],{"class":75},[61,102111,3053],{"class":116},[61,102113,113],{"class":75},[61,102115,765],{"class":116},[61,102117,120],{"class":75},[61,102119,102120,102122,102124,102126],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102121,127],{"class":126},[61,102123,113],{"class":75},[61,102125,334],{"class":116},[61,102127,120],{"class":75},[14,102129,139],{},[52,102131,102132],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,102133,102134],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102135,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102137,149],{"class":75},[61,102139,80],{"class":79},[61,102141,83],{"class":75},[61,102143,86],{"class":79},[61,102145,83],{"class":75},[61,102147,95],{"class":79},[61,102149,162],{"class":75},[14,102151,102152],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[52,102154,102156],{"className":54,"code":102155,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102157,102158,102178,102190,102194,102212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102159,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102161,717],{"class":67},[61,102163,72],{"class":71},[61,102165,1235],{"class":75},[61,102167,80],{"class":79},[61,102169,83],{"class":75},[61,102171,86],{"class":79},[61,102173,83],{"class":75},[61,102175,95],{"class":79},[61,102177,162],{"class":75},[61,102179,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102181,728],{"class":67},[61,102183,72],{"class":71},[61,102185,1235],{"class":75},[61,102187,1321],{"class":79},[61,102189,162],{"class":75},[61,102191,102192],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102193,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102195,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102197,717],{"class":67},[61,102199,72],{"class":71},[61,102201,57112],{"class":67},[61,102203,26],{"class":75},[61,102205,3053],{"class":116},[61,102207,113],{"class":75},[61,102209,765],{"class":116},[61,102211,120],{"class":75},[61,102213,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102215,127],{"class":126},[61,102217,113],{"class":75},[61,102219,334],{"class":116},[61,102221,120],{"class":75},[14,102223,139],{},[52,102225,102226],{"className":54,"code":100699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,102227,102228],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102231,149],{"class":75},[61,102233,80],{"class":79},[61,102235,83],{"class":75},[61,102237,86],{"class":79},[61,102239,162],{"class":75},[819,102241,102243],{"id":102242},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102245,102246,102249],{},[18,102247,102248],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[34,102251,102252,102257],{},[37,102253,102254,102255],{},"keep items from ",[18,102256,334],{},[37,102258,102259,102260],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102261,765],{},[14,102263,41128,102264,102266,102267,102269],{},[23,102265,704],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102268,765],{},"”.",[14,102271,197],{},[52,102273,102275],{"className":54,"code":102274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102276,102277,102297,102317,102321,102339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102278,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102280,717],{"class":67},[61,102282,72],{"class":71},[61,102284,1235],{"class":75},[61,102286,80],{"class":79},[61,102288,83],{"class":75},[61,102290,86],{"class":79},[61,102292,83],{"class":75},[61,102294,95],{"class":79},[61,102296,162],{"class":75},[61,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102300,728],{"class":67},[61,102302,72],{"class":71},[61,102304,1235],{"class":75},[61,102306,1321],{"class":79},[61,102308,83],{"class":75},[61,102310,1178],{"class":79},[61,102312,83],{"class":75},[61,102314,950],{"class":79},[61,102316,162],{"class":75},[61,102318,102319],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102320,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102322,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102324,127],{"class":126},[61,102326,113],{"class":75},[61,102328,334],{"class":116},[61,102330,26],{"class":75},[61,102332,3053],{"class":116},[61,102334,113],{"class":75},[61,102336,765],{"class":116},[61,102338,480],{"class":75},[61,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102342,127],{"class":126},[61,102344,113],{"class":75},[61,102346,765],{"class":116},[61,102348,26],{"class":75},[61,102350,3053],{"class":116},[61,102352,113],{"class":75},[61,102354,334],{"class":116},[61,102356,480],{"class":75},[14,102358,139],{},[52,102360,102362],{"className":54,"code":102361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102363,102364,102376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102365,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102367,149],{"class":75},[61,102369,80],{"class":79},[61,102371,83],{"class":75},[61,102373,86],{"class":79},[61,102375,162],{"class":75},[61,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102379,149],{"class":75},[61,102381,498],{"class":79},[61,102383,83],{"class":75},[61,102385,950],{"class":79},[61,102387,162],{"class":75},[14,102389,102390],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[819,102392,102394],{"id":102393},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102396,102397,102399],{},[18,102398,100606],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102401,55543],{},[52,102403,102405],{"className":54,"code":102404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102406,102407,102427,102443,102447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102408,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102410,717],{"class":67},[61,102412,72],{"class":71},[61,102414,76],{"class":75},[61,102416,80],{"class":79},[61,102418,83],{"class":75},[61,102420,86],{"class":79},[61,102422,83],{"class":75},[61,102424,95],{"class":79},[61,102426,98],{"class":75},[61,102428,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102430,728],{"class":67},[61,102432,72],{"class":71},[61,102434,76],{"class":75},[61,102436,1321],{"class":79},[61,102438,83],{"class":75},[61,102440,1178],{"class":79},[61,102442,98],{"class":75},[61,102444,102445],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102446,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102448,102449],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102450,102451],{"class":3896},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102453,102454],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[52,102456,102458],{"className":54,"code":102457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102459,102460,102480,102496,102500,102526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102463,717],{"class":67},[61,102465,72],{"class":71},[61,102467,76],{"class":75},[61,102469,80],{"class":79},[61,102471,83],{"class":75},[61,102473,86],{"class":79},[61,102475,83],{"class":75},[61,102477,95],{"class":79},[61,102479,98],{"class":75},[61,102481,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102483,728],{"class":67},[61,102485,72],{"class":71},[61,102487,76],{"class":75},[61,102489,1321],{"class":79},[61,102491,83],{"class":75},[61,102493,1178],{"class":79},[61,102495,98],{"class":75},[61,102497,102498],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102499,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102501,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102503,869],{"class":67},[61,102505,72],{"class":71},[61,102507,110],{"class":109},[61,102509,113],{"class":75},[61,102511,334],{"class":116},[61,102513,8861],{"class":75},[61,102515,3053],{"class":116},[61,102517,113],{"class":75},[61,102519,354],{"class":109},[61,102521,113],{"class":75},[61,102523,765],{"class":116},[61,102525,480],{"class":75},[61,102527,102528,102530,102532,102534],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102529,127],{"class":126},[61,102531,113],{"class":75},[61,102533,892],{"class":116},[61,102535,120],{"class":75},[14,102537,139],{},[52,102539,102540],{"className":54,"code":100699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,102541,102542],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102543,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102545,149],{"class":75},[61,102547,80],{"class":79},[61,102549,83],{"class":75},[61,102551,86],{"class":79},[61,102553,162],{"class":75},[819,102555,102557],{"id":102556},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102559,102560],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[52,102562,102564],{"className":54,"code":102563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102565,102566,102598,102614,102618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102567,102568,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102569,717],{"class":67},[61,102571,72],{"class":71},[61,102573,1235],{"class":75},[61,102575,215],{"class":214},[61,102577,37269],{"class":218},[61,102579,215],{"class":214},[61,102581,83],{"class":75},[61,102583,226],{"class":214},[61,102585,58352],{"class":218},[61,102587,215],{"class":214},[61,102589,83],{"class":75},[61,102591,226],{"class":214},[61,102593,58369],{"class":218},[61,102595,215],{"class":214},[61,102597,162],{"class":75},[61,102599,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102601,728],{"class":67},[61,102603,72],{"class":71},[61,102605,1235],{"class":75},[61,102607,215],{"class":214},[61,102609,58352],{"class":218},[61,102611,215],{"class":214},[61,102613,162],{"class":75},[61,102615,102616],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102617,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102619,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102621,127],{"class":126},[61,102623,113],{"class":75},[61,102625,334],{"class":116},[61,102627,26],{"class":75},[61,102629,3053],{"class":116},[61,102631,113],{"class":75},[61,102633,765],{"class":116},[61,102635,480],{"class":75},[14,102637,102638],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[819,102640,102642],{"id":102641},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102644,102645],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,102647,102649],{"className":54,"code":102648,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102650,102651,102679,102691,102695,102705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102652,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102654,717],{"class":67},[61,102656,72],{"class":71},[61,102658,1235],{"class":75},[61,102660,80],{"class":79},[61,102662,83],{"class":75},[61,102664,587],{"class":79},[61,102666,83],{"class":75},[61,102668,86],{"class":79},[61,102670,83],{"class":75},[61,102672,86],{"class":79},[61,102674,83],{"class":75},[61,102676,95],{"class":79},[61,102678,162],{"class":75},[61,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102682,728],{"class":67},[61,102684,72],{"class":71},[61,102686,1235],{"class":75},[61,102688,1321],{"class":79},[61,102690,162],{"class":75},[61,102692,102693],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102694,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102696,102697,102699,102701,102703],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102698,127],{"class":126},[61,102700,113],{"class":75},[61,102702,334],{"class":116},[61,102704,120],{"class":75},[61,102706,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102708,127],{"class":126},[61,102710,113],{"class":75},[61,102712,334],{"class":116},[61,102714,26],{"class":75},[61,102716,3053],{"class":116},[61,102718,113],{"class":75},[61,102720,765],{"class":116},[61,102722,480],{"class":75},[14,102724,139],{},[52,102726,102728],{"className":54,"code":102727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102729,102730,102746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102731,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102733,149],{"class":75},[61,102735,80],{"class":79},[61,102737,83],{"class":75},[61,102739,86],{"class":79},[61,102741,83],{"class":75},[61,102743,95],{"class":79},[61,102745,162],{"class":75},[61,102747,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102749,149],{"class":75},[61,102751,80],{"class":79},[61,102753,83],{"class":75},[61,102755,86],{"class":79},[61,102757,162],{"class":75},[14,102759,102760,102761,102763],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102762,100606],{}," runs.",[819,102765,102767],{"id":102766},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102769,102770],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[52,102772,102774],{"className":54,"code":102773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102775,102776,102800,102820,102824,102834,102844,102862,102884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,102777,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,102779,717],{"class":67},[61,102781,72],{"class":71},[61,102783,1235],{"class":75},[61,102785,80],{"class":79},[61,102787,83],{"class":75},[61,102789,86],{"class":79},[61,102791,83],{"class":75},[61,102793,95],{"class":79},[61,102795,83],{"class":75},[61,102797,1178],{"class":79},[61,102799,162],{"class":75},[61,102801,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,102803,728],{"class":67},[61,102805,72],{"class":71},[61,102807,1235],{"class":75},[61,102809,1321],{"class":79},[61,102811,83],{"class":75},[61,102813,1178],{"class":79},[61,102815,83],{"class":75},[61,102817,950],{"class":79},[61,102819,162],{"class":75},[61,102821,102822],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,102823,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,102825,102826,102828,102830,102832],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,102827,127],{"class":126},[61,102829,113],{"class":75},[61,102831,334],{"class":116},[61,102833,120],{"class":75},[61,102835,102836,102838,102840,102842],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,102837,127],{"class":126},[61,102839,113],{"class":75},[61,102841,765],{"class":116},[61,102843,120],{"class":75},[61,102845,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,102847,127],{"class":126},[61,102849,113],{"class":75},[61,102851,334],{"class":116},[61,102853,26],{"class":75},[61,102855,3053],{"class":116},[61,102857,113],{"class":75},[61,102859,765],{"class":116},[61,102861,480],{"class":75},[61,102863,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,102865,127],{"class":126},[61,102867,113],{"class":75},[61,102869,648],{"class":109},[61,102871,113],{"class":75},[61,102873,334],{"class":116},[61,102875,26],{"class":75},[61,102877,3053],{"class":116},[61,102879,113],{"class":75},[61,102881,765],{"class":116},[61,102883,460],{"class":75},[61,102885,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,102887,127],{"class":126},[61,102889,113],{"class":75},[61,102891,1948],{"class":126},[61,102893,113],{"class":75},[61,102895,334],{"class":116},[61,102897,26],{"class":75},[61,102899,3053],{"class":116},[61,102901,113],{"class":75},[61,102903,765],{"class":116},[61,102905,460],{"class":75},[14,102907,11390],{},[34,102909,102910,102913,102916,102919],{},[37,102911,102912],{},"what is in each set",[37,102914,102915],{},"what result Python creates",[37,102917,102918],{},"that the result is a set",[37,102920,102921],{},"how many items remain",[45140,102923],{},[47,102925,1987],{"id":1986},[819,102927,12927,102929,102931],{"id":102928},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102930,100606],{}," change the original set?",[14,102933,102934],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[819,102936,5408,102938,4621,102940,2735],{"id":102937},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102939,100606],{},[18,102941,101517],{},[14,102943,102944,102946,102947,102949],{},[18,102945,100606],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102948,101517],{}," modifies the original set.",[819,102951,28550,102953,102955],{"id":102952},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102954,100606],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102957,102958],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[819,102960,102962],{"id":102961},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102964,102965],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45140,102967],{},[47,102969,2144],{"id":2143},[34,102971,102972,102976,102984],{},[37,102973,102974],{},[334,102975,337],{"href":97710},[37,102977,102978],{},[334,102979,97026,102981,10961],{"href":102980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102982,102983],{},"intersection()",[37,102985,102986],{},[334,102987,97026,102989,10961],{"href":102988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102990,102991],{},"union()",[2169,102993,102994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":102996},[102997,102998,103000,103001,103002,103003,103005,103010,103012,103020,103029],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":100728,"depth":101,"text":102999},"What difference() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":101347,"depth":101,"text":103004},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101512,"depth":101,"text":103006,"children":103007},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103008,103009],{"id":3053,"depth":123,"text":100606},{"id":101665,"depth":123,"text":101517},{"id":101784,"depth":101,"text":103011},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":103013},[103014,103015,103016,103017,103018,103019],{"id":102054,"depth":123,"text":102055},{"id":102242,"depth":123,"text":102243},{"id":102393,"depth":123,"text":102394},{"id":102556,"depth":123,"text":102557},{"id":102641,"depth":123,"text":102642},{"id":102766,"depth":123,"text":102767},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":103021},[103022,103024,103026,103028],{"id":102928,"depth":123,"text":103023},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102937,"depth":123,"text":103025},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102952,"depth":123,"text":103027},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102961,"depth":123,"text":102962},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100598,"description":103030},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103037,"title":103038,"body":103039,"description":104733,"extension":2216,"meta":104734,"navigation":271,"path":104735,"seo":104736,"stem":104737,"__hash__":104738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103040,"toc":104695},[103041,103047,103053,103066,103068,103169,103171,103216,103221,103226,103230,103244,103247,103255,103257,103276,103294,103298,103351,103353,103374,103381,103386,103413,103420,103519,103521,103558,103566,103570,103576,103579,103652,103654,103662,103667,103736,103738,103763,103765,103768,103871,103873,103934,103937,103941,103947,104020,104022,104055,104058,104061,104101,104107,104130,104135,104139,104150,104153,104155,104159,104165,104167,104224,104234,104236,104289,104296,104301,104369,104377,104383,104387,104389,104428,104433,104482,104486,104489,104491,104530,104533,104535,104540,104597,104599,104613,104615,104619,104625,104630,104635,104642,104653,104659,104664,104666,104692],[10,103042,96417,103044,11542],{"id":103043},"python-set-discard-method",[18,103045,103046],{},"discard()",[14,103048,103049,103052],{},[18,103050,103051],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,103054,103055,103056,2437,103061,14274,103063,103065],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[334,103057,103058],{"href":98420},[18,103059,103060],{},"set.remove()",[18,103062,103046],{},[23,103064,704],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[47,103067,50],{"id":49},[52,103069,103071],{"className":54,"code":103070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103072,103073,103105,103124,103134,103138,103159],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103074,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103076,207],{"class":67},[61,103078,72],{"class":71},[61,103080,1235],{"class":75},[61,103082,215],{"class":214},[61,103084,219],{"class":218},[61,103086,215],{"class":214},[61,103088,83],{"class":75},[61,103090,226],{"class":214},[61,103092,229],{"class":218},[61,103094,215],{"class":214},[61,103096,83],{"class":75},[61,103098,226],{"class":214},[61,103100,246],{"class":218},[61,103102,215],{"class":214},[61,103104,162],{"class":75},[61,103106,103107,103109,103111,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103108,264],{"class":67},[61,103110,26],{"class":75},[61,103112,103113],{"class":116},"discard",[61,103115,113],{"class":75},[61,103117,215],{"class":214},[61,103119,229],{"class":218},[61,103121,215],{"class":214},[61,103123,120],{"class":75},[61,103125,103126,103128,103130,103132],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103127,127],{"class":126},[61,103129,113],{"class":75},[61,103131,264],{"class":116},[61,103133,120],{"class":75},[61,103135,103136],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,103137,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103139,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,103141,264],{"class":67},[61,103143,26],{"class":75},[61,103145,103113],{"class":116},[61,103147,113],{"class":75},[61,103149,215],{"class":214},[61,103151,22744],{"class":218},[61,103153,215],{"class":214},[61,103155,3893],{"class":75},[61,103157,103158],{"class":3896},"  # no error if missing\n",[61,103160,103161,103163,103165,103167],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,103162,127],{"class":126},[61,103164,113],{"class":75},[61,103166,264],{"class":116},[61,103168,120],{"class":75},[14,103170,287],{},[52,103172,103174],{"className":54,"code":103173,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103175,103176,103196],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103177,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103179,149],{"class":75},[61,103181,299],{"class":214},[61,103183,219],{"class":218},[61,103185,299],{"class":214},[61,103187,83],{"class":75},[61,103189,308],{"class":214},[61,103191,246],{"class":218},[61,103193,299],{"class":214},[61,103195,162],{"class":75},[61,103197,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103199,149],{"class":75},[61,103201,299],{"class":214},[61,103203,219],{"class":218},[61,103205,299],{"class":214},[61,103207,83],{"class":75},[61,103209,308],{"class":214},[61,103211,246],{"class":218},[61,103213,299],{"class":214},[61,103215,162],{"class":75},[14,103217,165,103218,103220],{},[18,103219,103046],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[47,103222,3911,103224,3914],{"id":103223},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,103225,103051],{},[14,103227,103228,378],{},[18,103229,103046],{},[34,103231,103232,103235,103238,103240],{},[37,103233,103234],{},"Removes one item from a set",[37,103236,103237],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[37,103239,96532],{},[37,103241,11644,103242],{},[18,103243,4012],{},[14,103245,103246],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103248,96541,103249,1881,103252,26],{},[334,103250,103251],{"href":98997},"what a set is in Python",[334,103253,103254],{"href":98094},"how to create a set",[47,103256,341],{"id":340},[52,103258,103260],{"className":54,"code":103259,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103261,103262],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103263,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103265,1937],{"class":67},[61,103267,26],{"class":75},[61,103269,103113],{"class":116},[61,103271,113],{"class":75},[61,103273,1783],{"class":116},[61,103275,120],{"class":75},[34,103277,103278,103283,103288,103291],{},[37,103279,103280,103282],{},[18,103281,1937],{}," is the set you want to change",[37,103284,103285,103287],{},[18,103286,1783],{}," is the item you want to remove",[37,103289,103290],{},"The set must already exist",[37,103292,103293],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[819,103295,103297],{"id":103296},"example","Example",[52,103299,103301],{"className":54,"code":103300,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103302,103303,103327,103341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103306,68],{"class":67},[61,103308,72],{"class":71},[61,103310,1235],{"class":75},[61,103312,80],{"class":79},[61,103314,83],{"class":75},[61,103316,86],{"class":79},[61,103318,83],{"class":75},[61,103320,95],{"class":79},[61,103322,83],{"class":75},[61,103324,1178],{"class":79},[61,103326,162],{"class":75},[61,103328,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103330,117],{"class":67},[61,103332,26],{"class":75},[61,103334,103113],{"class":116},[61,103336,113],{"class":75},[61,103338,1321],{"class":79},[61,103340,120],{"class":75},[61,103342,103343,103345,103347,103349],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103344,127],{"class":126},[61,103346,113],{"class":75},[61,103348,117],{"class":116},[61,103350,120],{"class":75},[14,103352,139],{},[52,103354,103356],{"className":54,"code":103355,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103357,103358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103359,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103361,149],{"class":75},[61,103363,80],{"class":79},[61,103365,83],{"class":75},[61,103367,86],{"class":79},[61,103369,83],{"class":75},[61,103371,1178],{"class":79},[61,103373,162],{"class":75},[47,103375,103377,103378,103380],{"id":103376},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103379,103046],{}," different",[14,103382,103383,103385],{},[18,103384,103046],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[34,103387,103388,103401,103410],{},[37,103389,103390,103391,2437,103395,103397,103398,103400],{},"Unlike ",[334,103392,103393],{"href":98420},[18,103394,55753],{},[18,103396,103046],{}," does not raise ",[18,103399,19907],{}," when the item is missing",[37,103402,103390,103403,2437,103407,103409],{},[334,103404,103405],{"href":98425},[18,103406,12986],{},[18,103408,103046],{}," removes a specific item",[37,103411,103412],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[819,103414,103416,10806,103418],{"id":103415},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103417,103046],{},[18,103419,55753],{},[52,103421,103423],{"className":54,"code":103422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103424,103425,103449,103453,103474,103484,103488,103509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103426,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103428,1230],{"class":67},[61,103430,72],{"class":71},[61,103432,1235],{"class":75},[61,103434,215],{"class":214},[61,103436,2042],{"class":218},[61,103438,215],{"class":214},[61,103440,83],{"class":75},[61,103442,226],{"class":214},[61,103444,1040],{"class":218},[61,103446,215],{"class":214},[61,103448,162],{"class":75},[61,103450,103451],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103452,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103454,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103456,1267],{"class":67},[61,103458,26],{"class":75},[61,103460,103113],{"class":116},[61,103462,113],{"class":75},[61,103464,215],{"class":214},[61,103466,33442],{"class":218},[61,103468,215],{"class":214},[61,103470,3893],{"class":75},[61,103472,103473],{"class":3896},"   # no error\n",[61,103475,103476,103478,103480,103482],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,103477,127],{"class":126},[61,103479,113],{"class":75},[61,103481,1267],{"class":116},[61,103483,120],{"class":75},[61,103485,103486],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,103487,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103489,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,103491,1267],{"class":67},[61,103493,26],{"class":75},[61,103495,35015],{"class":116},[61,103497,113],{"class":75},[61,103499,215],{"class":214},[61,103501,1040],{"class":218},[61,103503,215],{"class":214},[61,103505,3893],{"class":75},[61,103507,103508],{"class":3896},"    # removes existing item\n",[61,103510,103511,103513,103515,103517],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,103512,127],{"class":126},[61,103514,113],{"class":75},[61,103516,1267],{"class":116},[61,103518,120],{"class":75},[14,103520,139],{},[52,103522,103524],{"className":54,"code":103523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103525,103526,103546],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103527,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103529,149],{"class":75},[61,103531,299],{"class":214},[61,103533,2042],{"class":218},[61,103535,299],{"class":214},[61,103537,83],{"class":75},[61,103539,308],{"class":214},[61,103541,1040],{"class":218},[61,103543,299],{"class":214},[61,103545,162],{"class":75},[61,103547,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103549,149],{"class":75},[61,103551,299],{"class":214},[61,103553,2042],{"class":218},[61,103555,299],{"class":214},[61,103557,162],{"class":75},[14,103559,40565,103560,103562,103563,103565],{},[18,103561,55753],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[334,103564,11296],{"href":11295}," for more help with that case.",[47,103567,103569],{"id":103568},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103571,103572,2642,103574,26],{},[18,103573,103046],{},[18,103575,4012],{},[14,103577,103578],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[52,103580,103582],{"className":54,"code":103581,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103583,103584,103616,103638,103642],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103585,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103587,207],{"class":67},[61,103589,72],{"class":71},[61,103591,1235],{"class":75},[61,103593,215],{"class":214},[61,103595,219],{"class":218},[61,103597,215],{"class":214},[61,103599,83],{"class":75},[61,103601,226],{"class":214},[61,103603,229],{"class":218},[61,103605,215],{"class":214},[61,103607,83],{"class":75},[61,103609,226],{"class":214},[61,103611,246],{"class":218},[61,103613,215],{"class":214},[61,103615,162],{"class":75},[61,103617,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103619,869],{"class":67},[61,103621,72],{"class":71},[61,103623,13345],{"class":67},[61,103625,26],{"class":75},[61,103627,103113],{"class":116},[61,103629,113],{"class":75},[61,103631,215],{"class":214},[61,103633,229],{"class":218},[61,103635,215],{"class":214},[61,103637,120],{"class":75},[61,103639,103640],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103641,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,103645,127],{"class":126},[61,103647,113],{"class":75},[61,103649,892],{"class":116},[61,103651,120],{"class":75},[14,103653,139],{},[52,103655,103656],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,103657,103658],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103659,103660],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103661,12030],{"class":1523},[14,103663,103664,103665,378],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103666,264],{},[52,103668,103670],{"className":54,"code":103669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103671,103672,103704,103722,103726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103675,207],{"class":67},[61,103677,72],{"class":71},[61,103679,1235],{"class":75},[61,103681,215],{"class":214},[61,103683,219],{"class":218},[61,103685,215],{"class":214},[61,103687,83],{"class":75},[61,103689,226],{"class":214},[61,103691,229],{"class":218},[61,103693,215],{"class":214},[61,103695,83],{"class":75},[61,103697,226],{"class":214},[61,103699,246],{"class":218},[61,103701,215],{"class":214},[61,103703,162],{"class":75},[61,103705,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103707,264],{"class":67},[61,103709,26],{"class":75},[61,103711,103113],{"class":116},[61,103713,113],{"class":75},[61,103715,215],{"class":214},[61,103717,229],{"class":218},[61,103719,215],{"class":214},[61,103721,120],{"class":75},[61,103723,103724],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103725,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103727,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,103729,127],{"class":126},[61,103731,113],{"class":75},[61,103733,264],{"class":116},[61,103735,120],{"class":75},[14,103737,139],{},[52,103739,103741],{"className":54,"code":103740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103742,103743],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103746,149],{"class":75},[61,103748,299],{"class":214},[61,103750,219],{"class":218},[61,103752,299],{"class":214},[61,103754,83],{"class":75},[61,103756,308],{"class":214},[61,103758,246],{"class":218},[61,103760,299],{"class":214},[61,103762,162],{"class":75},[47,103764,11696],{"id":11695},[14,103766,103767],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[52,103769,103771],{"className":54,"code":103770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103772,103773,103805,103809,103827,103831,103849,103853],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103774,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103776,36460],{"class":67},[61,103778,72],{"class":71},[61,103780,1235],{"class":75},[61,103782,215],{"class":214},[61,103784,2042],{"class":218},[61,103786,215],{"class":214},[61,103788,83],{"class":75},[61,103790,226],{"class":214},[61,103792,1040],{"class":218},[61,103794,215],{"class":214},[61,103796,83],{"class":75},[61,103798,226],{"class":214},[61,103800,33442],{"class":218},[61,103802,215],{"class":214},[61,103804,162],{"class":75},[61,103806,103807],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103808,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103810,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103812,127],{"class":126},[61,103814,113],{"class":75},[61,103816,215],{"class":214},[61,103818,11785],{"class":218},[61,103820,215],{"class":214},[61,103822,83],{"class":75},[61,103824,53075],{"class":116},[61,103826,120],{"class":75},[61,103828,103829],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,103830,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103832,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,103834,36512],{"class":67},[61,103836,26],{"class":75},[61,103838,103113],{"class":116},[61,103840,113],{"class":75},[61,103842,215],{"class":214},[61,103844,1040],{"class":218},[61,103846,215],{"class":214},[61,103848,120],{"class":75},[61,103850,103851],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,103852,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103854,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,103856,127],{"class":126},[61,103858,113],{"class":75},[61,103860,215],{"class":214},[61,103862,11825],{"class":218},[61,103864,215],{"class":214},[61,103866,83],{"class":75},[61,103868,53075],{"class":116},[61,103870,120],{"class":75},[14,103872,139],{},[52,103874,103876],{"className":54,"code":103875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103877,103878,103910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103879,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103881,11845],{"class":67},[61,103883,378],{"class":75},[61,103885,1235],{"class":75},[61,103887,299],{"class":214},[61,103889,1040],{"class":218},[61,103891,299],{"class":214},[61,103893,83],{"class":75},[61,103895,308],{"class":214},[61,103897,2042],{"class":218},[61,103899,299],{"class":214},[61,103901,83],{"class":75},[61,103903,308],{"class":214},[61,103905,33442],{"class":218},[61,103907,299],{"class":214},[61,103909,162],{"class":75},[61,103911,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103913,11898],{"class":67},[61,103915,378],{"class":75},[61,103917,1235],{"class":75},[61,103919,299],{"class":214},[61,103921,2042],{"class":218},[61,103923,299],{"class":214},[61,103925,83],{"class":75},[61,103927,308],{"class":214},[61,103929,33442],{"class":218},[61,103931,299],{"class":214},[61,103933,162],{"class":75},[14,103935,103936],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[47,103938,103940],{"id":103939},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103942,103943,103944,103946],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103945,103046],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[52,103948,103950],{"className":54,"code":103949,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103951,103952,103984,103988,104006,104010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,103955,36460],{"class":67},[61,103957,72],{"class":71},[61,103959,1235],{"class":75},[61,103961,215],{"class":214},[61,103963,2042],{"class":218},[61,103965,215],{"class":214},[61,103967,83],{"class":75},[61,103969,226],{"class":214},[61,103971,1040],{"class":218},[61,103973,215],{"class":214},[61,103975,83],{"class":75},[61,103977,226],{"class":214},[61,103979,33442],{"class":218},[61,103981,215],{"class":214},[61,103983,162],{"class":75},[61,103985,103986],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,103987,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,103989,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,103991,36512],{"class":67},[61,103993,26],{"class":75},[61,103995,103113],{"class":116},[61,103997,113],{"class":75},[61,103999,215],{"class":214},[61,104001,22753],{"class":218},[61,104003,215],{"class":214},[61,104005,120],{"class":75},[61,104007,104008],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,104009,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,104013,127],{"class":126},[61,104015,113],{"class":75},[61,104017,36512],{"class":116},[61,104019,120],{"class":75},[14,104021,139],{},[52,104023,104025],{"className":54,"code":104024,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,104026,104027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104028,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104030,149],{"class":75},[61,104032,299],{"class":214},[61,104034,1040],{"class":218},[61,104036,299],{"class":214},[61,104038,83],{"class":75},[61,104040,308],{"class":214},[61,104042,2042],{"class":218},[61,104044,299],{"class":214},[61,104046,83],{"class":75},[61,104048,308],{"class":214},[61,104050,33442],{"class":218},[61,104052,299],{"class":214},[61,104054,162],{"class":75},[14,104056,104057],{},"No error happens here.",[14,104059,104060],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[52,104062,104064],{"className":54,"code":104063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,104065,104066,104082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104069,7227],{"class":1490},[61,104071,226],{"class":214},[61,104073,22753],{"class":218},[61,104075,215],{"class":214},[61,104077,1491],{"class":71},[61,104079,53075],{"class":67},[61,104081,6621],{"class":75},[61,104083,104084,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104085,104086],{"class":67},"    fruits",[61,104088,26],{"class":75},[61,104090,35015],{"class":116},[61,104092,113],{"class":75},[61,104094,215],{"class":214},[61,104096,22753],{"class":218},[61,104098,215],{"class":214},[61,104100,120],{"class":75},[14,104102,104103,104104,104106],{},"With ",[18,104105,103046],{},", you can simply write:",[52,104108,104110],{"className":54,"code":104109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,104111,104112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104113,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104115,36512],{"class":67},[61,104117,26],{"class":75},[61,104119,103113],{"class":116},[61,104121,113],{"class":75},[61,104123,215],{"class":214},[61,104125,22753],{"class":218},[61,104127,215],{"class":214},[61,104129,120],{"class":75},[47,104131,5189,104133],{"id":104132},"when-to-use-discard",[18,104134,103046],{},[14,104136,165,104137,1422],{},[18,104138,103046],{},[34,104140,104141,104144,104147],{},[37,104142,104143],{},"Missing values are normal",[37,104145,104146],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[37,104148,104149],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104151,104152],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[47,104154,1741],{"id":1740},[14,104156,8677,104157,26],{},[18,104158,103046],{},[819,104160,1864,104162,104164],{"id":104161},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,104163,103046],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104166,4754],{},[52,104168,104170],{"className":54,"code":104169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104171,104172,104192,104210,104214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104175,68],{"class":67},[61,104177,72],{"class":71},[61,104179,1235],{"class":75},[61,104181,80],{"class":79},[61,104183,83],{"class":75},[61,104185,86],{"class":79},[61,104187,83],{"class":75},[61,104189,95],{"class":79},[61,104191,162],{"class":75},[61,104193,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104195,68],{"class":67},[61,104197,72],{"class":71},[61,104199,4490],{"class":67},[61,104201,26],{"class":75},[61,104203,103113],{"class":116},[61,104205,113],{"class":75},[61,104207,2310],{"class":79},[61,104209,120],{"class":75},[61,104211,104212],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104213,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,104215,104216,104218,104220,104222],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,104217,127],{"class":126},[61,104219,113],{"class":75},[61,104221,117],{"class":116},[61,104223,120],{"class":75},[14,104225,104226,42378,104228,8831,104230,2642,104232,26],{},[18,104227,117],{},[18,104229,4012],{},[18,104231,103046],{},[18,104233,4012],{},[14,104235,19060],{},[52,104237,104239],{"className":54,"code":104238,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104240,104241,104261,104275,104279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104242,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104244,68],{"class":67},[61,104246,72],{"class":71},[61,104248,1235],{"class":75},[61,104250,80],{"class":79},[61,104252,83],{"class":75},[61,104254,86],{"class":79},[61,104256,83],{"class":75},[61,104258,95],{"class":79},[61,104260,162],{"class":75},[61,104262,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104264,117],{"class":67},[61,104266,26],{"class":75},[61,104268,103113],{"class":116},[61,104270,113],{"class":75},[61,104272,2310],{"class":79},[61,104274,120],{"class":75},[61,104276,104277],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104278,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,104280,104281,104283,104285,104287],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,104282,127],{"class":126},[61,104284,113],{"class":75},[61,104286,117],{"class":116},[61,104288,120],{"class":75},[819,104290,1874,104292,1877,104294],{"id":104291},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104293,103046],{},[18,104295,55753],{},[14,104297,104298,104299,26],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104300,103046],{},[52,104302,104304],{"className":54,"code":104303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104305,104306,104338,104359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104307,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104309,36312],{"class":67},[61,104311,72],{"class":71},[61,104313,1235],{"class":75},[61,104315,215],{"class":214},[61,104317,334],{"class":218},[61,104319,215],{"class":214},[61,104321,83],{"class":75},[61,104323,226],{"class":214},[61,104325,765],{"class":218},[61,104327,215],{"class":214},[61,104329,83],{"class":75},[61,104331,226],{"class":214},[61,104333,9961],{"class":218},[61,104335,215],{"class":214},[61,104337,162],{"class":75},[61,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104341,36365],{"class":67},[61,104343,26],{"class":75},[61,104345,103113],{"class":116},[61,104347,113],{"class":75},[61,104349,215],{"class":214},[61,104351,22297],{"class":218},[61,104353,215],{"class":214},[61,104355,3893],{"class":75},[61,104357,104358],{"class":3896},"   # safe\n",[61,104360,104361,104363,104365,104367],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104362,127],{"class":126},[61,104364,113],{"class":75},[61,104366,36365],{"class":116},[61,104368,120],{"class":75},[14,104370,104371,104372,46132,104375,26],{},"If you use ",[18,104373,104374],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104376,19907],{},[819,104378,25837,104380,104382],{"id":104379},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104381,103046],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104384,104385,102399],{},[18,104386,103046],{},[14,104388,16864],{},[52,104390,104392],{"className":54,"code":104391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104393,104394,104414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104395,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104397,1230],{"class":67},[61,104399,72],{"class":71},[61,104401,76],{"class":75},[61,104403,80],{"class":79},[61,104405,83],{"class":75},[61,104407,86],{"class":79},[61,104409,83],{"class":75},[61,104411,95],{"class":79},[61,104413,98],{"class":75},[61,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104417,1267],{"class":67},[61,104419,26],{"class":75},[61,104421,103113],{"class":116},[61,104423,113],{"class":75},[61,104425,2310],{"class":79},[61,104427,120],{"class":75},[14,104429,104430,104431,378],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104432,103046],{},[52,104434,104436],{"className":54,"code":104435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104437,104438,104458,104472],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104439,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104441,1230],{"class":67},[61,104443,72],{"class":71},[61,104445,1235],{"class":75},[61,104447,80],{"class":79},[61,104449,83],{"class":75},[61,104451,86],{"class":79},[61,104453,83],{"class":75},[61,104455,95],{"class":79},[61,104457,162],{"class":75},[61,104459,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104461,1267],{"class":67},[61,104463,26],{"class":75},[61,104465,103113],{"class":116},[61,104467,113],{"class":75},[61,104469,2310],{"class":79},[61,104471,120],{"class":75},[61,104473,104474,104476,104478,104480],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104475,127],{"class":126},[61,104477,113],{"class":75},[61,104479,1267],{"class":116},[61,104481,120],{"class":75},[819,104483,104485],{"id":104484},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104487,104488],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104490,3077],{},[52,104492,104494],{"className":54,"code":104493,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104495,104496,104516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104497,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104499,9390],{"class":67},[61,104501,72],{"class":71},[61,104503,1235],{"class":75},[61,104505,80],{"class":79},[61,104507,83],{"class":75},[61,104509,86],{"class":79},[61,104511,83],{"class":75},[61,104513,95],{"class":79},[61,104515,162],{"class":75},[61,104517,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104519,9429],{"class":67},[61,104521,26],{"class":75},[61,104523,103113],{"class":116},[61,104525,416],{"class":75},[61,104527,2310],{"class":79},[61,104529,1474],{"class":75},[14,104531,104532],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[47,104534,9098],{"id":9097},[14,104536,9101,104537,104539],{},[18,104538,103046],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[52,104541,104543],{"className":54,"code":104542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104544,104545,104555,104569,104583],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104546,104547,104549,104551,104553],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104548,127],{"class":126},[61,104550,113],{"class":75},[61,104552,1937],{"class":116},[61,104554,120],{"class":75},[61,104556,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104558,127],{"class":126},[61,104560,113],{"class":75},[61,104562,648],{"class":109},[61,104564,113],{"class":75},[61,104566,1937],{"class":116},[61,104568,480],{"class":75},[61,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104572,127],{"class":126},[61,104574,113],{"class":75},[61,104576,1766],{"class":116},[61,104578,1433],{"class":1490},[61,104580,97136],{"class":116},[61,104582,120],{"class":75},[61,104584,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,104586,32373],{"class":126},[61,104588,113],{"class":75},[61,104590,354],{"class":109},[61,104592,26],{"class":75},[61,104594,103113],{"class":24971},[61,104596,120],{"class":75},[14,104598,11390],{},[34,104600,104601,104604,104607,104610],{},[37,104602,104603],{},"What is currently in the set",[37,104605,104606],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[37,104608,104609],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[37,104611,104612],{},"How Python documents the method",[47,104614,1987],{"id":1986},[819,104616,104618],{"id":104617},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104620,104621,104622,104624],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104623,103046],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[819,104626,5371,104628,12939],{"id":104627},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104629,103051],{},[14,104631,5377,104632,104634],{},[18,104633,4012],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[819,104636,5408,104638,4621,104640,2735],{"id":104637},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104639,103046],{},[18,104641,55753],{},[14,104643,104644,104645,26759,104647,104649,104650,104652],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104646,55753],{},[18,104648,19907],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104651,103046],{}," does not.",[819,104654,28550,104656,104658],{"id":104655},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104657,103046],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104660,46589,104661,104663],{},[18,104662,103046],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[47,104665,2144],{"id":2143},[34,104667,104668,104674,104680,104684,104688],{},[37,104669,104670],{},[334,104671,97026,104672,10961],{"href":98420},[18,104673,55753],{},[37,104675,104676],{},[334,104677,97026,104678,10961],{"href":98425},[18,104679,12986],{},[37,104681,104682],{},[334,104683,813],{"href":98094},[37,104685,104686],{},[334,104687,100542],{"href":98997},[37,104689,104690],{},[334,104691,11482],{"href":11295},[2169,104693,104694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":104696},[104697,104698,104700,104703,104708,104709,104710,104711,104713,104722,104723,104732],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":103223,"depth":101,"text":104699},"What set.discard() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":104701},[104702],{"id":103296,"depth":123,"text":103297},{"id":103376,"depth":101,"text":104704,"children":104705},"What makes discard() different",[104706],{"id":103415,"depth":123,"text":104707},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103568,"depth":101,"text":103569},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":103939,"depth":101,"text":103940},{"id":104132,"depth":101,"text":104712},"When to use discard()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":104714},[104715,104717,104719,104721],{"id":104161,"depth":123,"text":104716},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104291,"depth":123,"text":104718},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104379,"depth":123,"text":104720},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104484,"depth":123,"text":104485},{"id":9097,"depth":101,"text":9098},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":104724},[104725,104726,104728,104730],{"id":104617,"depth":123,"text":104618},{"id":104627,"depth":123,"text":104727},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104637,"depth":123,"text":104729},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104655,"depth":123,"text":104731},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103038,"description":104733},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":104740,"description":2215,"extension":2216,"meta":106575,"navigation":271,"path":2218,"seo":106576,"stem":2220,"__hash__":2221},{"type":7,"value":104741,"toc":106540},[104742,104744,104750,104754,104762,104764,104816,104820,104840,104844,104846,104850,104852,104862,104864,104936,104938,104970,104974,104978,104980,104982,104996,104998,105004,105008,105022,105024,105112,105114,105202,105206,105208,105210,105248,105250,105274,105276,105288,105290,105344,105346,105378,105380,105384,105386,105388,105392,105456,105458,105478,105482,105484,105540,105542,105562,105564,105568,105612,105614,105646,105648,105650,105682,105684,105712,105714,105718,105720,105722,105740,105742,105786,105790,105804,105806,105836,105840,105842,105882,105884,105910,105912,105916,105928,105930,105988,105990,106002,106004,106006,106008,106012,106040,106042,106060,106064,106102,106104,106122,106126,106152,106154,106172,106174,106188,106190,106194,106198,106200,106226,106230,106234,106248,106254,106256,106258,106288,106292,106294,106302,106304,106306,106308,106364,106366,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106430,106432,106472,106476,106482,106484,106514,106516,106538],[10,104743,5],{"id":12},[14,104745,16,104746,21,104748,26],{},[18,104747,20],{},[23,104749,25],{},[14,104751,29,104752,32],{},[18,104753,20],{},[34,104755,104756,104758,104760],{},[37,104757,39],{},[37,104759,42],{},[37,104761,45],{},[47,104763,50],{"id":49},[52,104765,104766],{"className":54,"code":55,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104767,104768,104792,104806],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104769,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104771,68],{"class":67},[61,104773,72],{"class":71},[61,104775,76],{"class":75},[61,104777,80],{"class":79},[61,104779,83],{"class":75},[61,104781,86],{"class":79},[61,104783,83],{"class":75},[61,104785,86],{"class":79},[61,104787,83],{"class":75},[61,104789,95],{"class":79},[61,104791,98],{"class":75},[61,104793,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104795,104],{"class":67},[61,104797,72],{"class":71},[61,104799,110],{"class":109},[61,104801,113],{"class":75},[61,104803,117],{"class":116},[61,104805,120],{"class":75},[61,104807,104808,104810,104812,104814],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104809,127],{"class":126},[61,104811,113],{"class":75},[61,104813,132],{"class":116},[61,104815,120],{"class":75},[14,104817,104818],{},[23,104819,139],{},[52,104821,104822],{"className":54,"code":142,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104823,104824],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104825,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104827,149],{"class":75},[61,104829,80],{"class":79},[61,104831,83],{"class":75},[61,104833,86],{"class":79},[61,104835,83],{"class":75},[61,104837,95],{"class":79},[61,104839,162],{"class":75},[14,104841,165,104842,168],{},[18,104843,20],{},[47,104845,172],{"id":171},[14,104847,104848,177],{},[18,104849,20],{},[14,104851,180],{},[34,104853,104854,104856,104858,104860],{},[37,104855,185],{},[37,104857,188],{},[37,104859,191],{},[37,104861,194],{},[14,104863,197],{},[52,104865,104866],{"className":54,"code":200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104867,104868,104908,104922,104926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,104871,207],{"class":67},[61,104873,72],{"class":71},[61,104875,76],{"class":75},[61,104877,215],{"class":214},[61,104879,219],{"class":218},[61,104881,215],{"class":214},[61,104883,83],{"class":75},[61,104885,226],{"class":214},[61,104887,229],{"class":218},[61,104889,215],{"class":214},[61,104891,83],{"class":75},[61,104893,226],{"class":214},[61,104895,219],{"class":218},[61,104897,215],{"class":214},[61,104899,83],{"class":75},[61,104901,226],{"class":214},[61,104903,246],{"class":218},[61,104905,215],{"class":214},[61,104907,98],{"class":75},[61,104909,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,104911,255],{"class":67},[61,104913,72],{"class":71},[61,104915,110],{"class":109},[61,104917,113],{"class":75},[61,104919,264],{"class":116},[61,104921,120],{"class":75},[61,104923,104924],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,104925,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,104927,104928,104930,104932,104934],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,104929,127],{"class":126},[61,104931,113],{"class":75},[61,104933,282],{"class":116},[61,104935,120],{"class":75},[14,104937,287],{},[52,104939,104940],{"className":54,"code":290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,104941,104942],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,104943,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968],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Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106581,"toc":108071},[106582,106588,106593,106596,106679,106684,106689,106694,106696,106709,106713,106715,106734,106737,106760,106763,106774,106776,106857,106859,106876,106878,106884,106887,106982,106984,107015,107017,107025,107027,107030,107141,107143,107168,107170,107192,107197,107202,107208,107317,107319,107335,107338,107341,107424,107426,107443,107451,107453,107457,107463,107554,107556,107589,107594,107601,107678,107680,107697,107703,107705,107709,107725,107728,107754,107756,107817,107819,107942,107944,107995,108001,108003,108008,108010,108016,108019,108023,108026,108030,108033,108043,108045,108068],[10,106583,3808,106585,11542],{"id":106584},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106586,106587],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106589,2233,106590,106592],{},[18,106591,106587],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106594,106595],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[52,106597,106599],{"className":54,"code":106598,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106600,106601,106621,106641,106645,106664,106674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106602,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106604,717],{"class":67},[61,106606,72],{"class":71},[61,106608,1235],{"class":75},[61,106610,80],{"class":79},[61,106612,83],{"class":75},[61,106614,86],{"class":79},[61,106616,83],{"class":75},[61,106618,95],{"class":79},[61,106620,162],{"class":75},[61,106622,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,106624,728],{"class":67},[61,106626,72],{"class":71},[61,106628,1235],{"class":75},[61,106630,2310],{"class":79},[61,106632,83],{"class":75},[61,106634,95],{"class":79},[61,106636,83],{"class":75},[61,106638,1178],{"class":79},[61,106640,162],{"class":75},[61,106642,106643],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,106644,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,106646,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106658,106660,106662],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,106648,869],{"class":67},[61,106650,72],{"class":71},[61,106652,57112],{"class":67},[61,106654,26],{"class":75},[61,106656,106657],{"class":116},"intersection",[61,106659,113],{"class":75},[61,106661,765],{"class":116},[61,106663,120],{"class":75},[61,106665,106666,106668,106670,106672],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,106667,127],{"class":126},[61,106669,113],{"class":75},[61,106671,892],{"class":116},[61,106673,120],{"class":75},[61,106675,106676],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,106677,106678],{"class":3896},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106680,165,106681,106683],{},[18,106682,102983],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[47,106685,13220,106687,13223],{"id":106686},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106688,102983],{},[14,106690,106691,106693],{},[18,106692,102983],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106695,13276],{},[34,106697,106698,106701,106703,106706],{},[37,106699,106700],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[37,106702,100753],{},[37,106704,106705],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[37,106707,106708],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106710,96541,106711,26],{},[334,106712,337],{"href":336},[47,106714,341],{"id":340},[52,106716,106718],{"className":54,"code":106717,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106719,106720],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106721,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106723,100777],{"class":67},[61,106725,26],{"class":75},[61,106727,106657],{"class":116},[61,106729,113],{"class":75},[61,106731,100786],{"class":116},[61,106733,120],{"class":75},[14,106735,106736],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[52,106738,106740],{"className":54,"code":106739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106741,106742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106743,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106745,100777],{"class":67},[61,106747,26],{"class":75},[61,106749,106657],{"class":116},[61,106751,113],{"class":75},[61,106753,100786],{"class":116},[61,106755,83],{"class":75},[61,106757,100813],{"class":116},[61,106759,120],{"class":75},[14,106761,106762],{},"Important notes:",[34,106764,106765,106768,106771],{},[37,106766,106767],{},"The result is always a new set",[37,106769,106770],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[37,106772,106773],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106775,197],{},[52,106777,106779],{"className":54,"code":106778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106780,106781,106805,106825,106829,106847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106782,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106784,717],{"class":67},[61,106786,72],{"class":71},[61,106788,1235],{"class":75},[61,106790,80],{"class":79},[61,106792,83],{"class":75},[61,106794,86],{"class":79},[61,106796,83],{"class":75},[61,106798,95],{"class":79},[61,106800,83],{"class":75},[61,106802,1178],{"class":79},[61,106804,162],{"class":75},[61,106806,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,106808,728],{"class":67},[61,106810,72],{"class":71},[61,106812,1235],{"class":75},[61,106814,1321],{"class":79},[61,106816,83],{"class":75},[61,106818,1178],{"class":79},[61,106820,83],{"class":75},[61,106822,950],{"class":79},[61,106824,162],{"class":75},[61,106826,106827],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,106828,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,106830,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841,106843,106845],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,106832,869],{"class":67},[61,106834,72],{"class":71},[61,106836,57112],{"class":67},[61,106838,26],{"class":75},[61,106840,106657],{"class":116},[61,106842,113],{"class":75},[61,106844,765],{"class":116},[61,106846,120],{"class":75},[61,106848,106849,106851,106853,106855],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,106850,127],{"class":126},[61,106852,113],{"class":75},[61,106854,892],{"class":116},[61,106856,120],{"class":75},[14,106858,139],{},[52,106860,106862],{"className":54,"code":106861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106863,106864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106865,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106867,149],{"class":75},[61,106869,1321],{"class":79},[61,106871,83],{"class":75},[61,106873,1178],{"class":79},[61,106875,162],{"class":75},[47,106877,17640],{"id":17639},[14,106879,106880,22195,106882,26],{},[18,106881,102983],{},[23,106883,354],{},[14,106885,106886],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[52,106888,106890],{"className":54,"code":106889,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106891,106892,106912,106932,106936,106954,106958,106968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106893,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106895,717],{"class":67},[61,106897,72],{"class":71},[61,106899,1235],{"class":75},[61,106901,80],{"class":79},[61,106903,83],{"class":75},[61,106905,86],{"class":79},[61,106907,83],{"class":75},[61,106909,95],{"class":79},[61,106911,162],{"class":75},[61,106913,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,106915,728],{"class":67},[61,106917,72],{"class":71},[61,106919,1235],{"class":75},[61,106921,2310],{"class":79},[61,106923,83],{"class":75},[61,106925,95],{"class":79},[61,106927,83],{"class":75},[61,106929,1178],{"class":79},[61,106931,162],{"class":75},[61,106933,106934],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,106935,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,106937,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,106939,869],{"class":67},[61,106941,72],{"class":71},[61,106943,57112],{"class":67},[61,106945,26],{"class":75},[61,106947,106657],{"class":116},[61,106949,113],{"class":75},[61,106951,765],{"class":116},[61,106953,120],{"class":75},[61,106955,106956],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,106957,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,106959,106960,106962,106964,106966],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,106961,127],{"class":126},[61,106963,113],{"class":75},[61,106965,892],{"class":116},[61,106967,120],{"class":75},[61,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,106971,127],{"class":126},[61,106973,113],{"class":75},[61,106975,648],{"class":109},[61,106977,113],{"class":75},[61,106979,892],{"class":116},[61,106981,480],{"class":75},[14,106983,139],{},[52,106985,106987],{"className":54,"code":106986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106988,106989,107001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,106990,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,106992,149],{"class":75},[61,106994,2310],{"class":79},[61,106996,83],{"class":75},[61,106998,95],{"class":79},[61,107000,162],{"class":75},[61,107002,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107004,672],{"class":71},[61,107006,676],{"class":675},[61,107008,308],{"class":214},[61,107010,354],{"class":218},[61,107012,299],{"class":214},[61,107014,685],{"class":71},[14,107016,86027],{},[34,107018,107019,107022],{},[37,107020,107021],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[37,107023,107024],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[47,107026,11696],{"id":11695},[14,107028,107029],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[52,107031,107033],{"className":54,"code":107032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,107034,107035,107068,107101,107105,107126,107130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107036,107037,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107038,107039],{"class":67},"colors1 ",[61,107041,72],{"class":71},[61,107043,1235],{"class":75},[61,107045,215],{"class":214},[61,107047,219],{"class":218},[61,107049,215],{"class":214},[61,107051,83],{"class":75},[61,107053,226],{"class":214},[61,107055,229],{"class":218},[61,107057,215],{"class":214},[61,107059,83],{"class":75},[61,107061,226],{"class":214},[61,107063,246],{"class":218},[61,107065,215],{"class":214},[61,107067,162],{"class":75},[61,107069,107070,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107071,107072],{"class":67},"colors2 ",[61,107074,72],{"class":71},[61,107076,1235],{"class":75},[61,107078,215],{"class":214},[61,107080,246],{"class":218},[61,107082,215],{"class":214},[61,107084,83],{"class":75},[61,107086,226],{"class":214},[61,107088,22744],{"class":218},[61,107090,215],{"class":214},[61,107092,83],{"class":75},[61,107094,226],{"class":214},[61,107096,229],{"class":218},[61,107098,215],{"class":214},[61,107100,162],{"class":75},[61,107102,107103],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107104,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107106,107107,107110,107112,107115,107117,107119,107121,107124],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107108,107109],{"class":67},"common_colors ",[61,107111,72],{"class":71},[61,107113,107114],{"class":67}," colors1",[61,107116,26],{"class":75},[61,107118,106657],{"class":116},[61,107120,113],{"class":75},[61,107122,107123],{"class":116},"colors2",[61,107125,120],{"class":75},[61,107127,107128],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,107129,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107131,107132,107134,107136,107139],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,107133,127],{"class":126},[61,107135,113],{"class":75},[61,107137,107138],{"class":116},"common_colors",[61,107140,120],{"class":75},[14,107142,139],{},[52,107144,107146],{"className":54,"code":107145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107147,107148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107149,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107151,149],{"class":75},[61,107153,299],{"class":214},[61,107155,229],{"class":218},[61,107157,299],{"class":214},[61,107159,83],{"class":75},[61,107161,308],{"class":214},[61,107163,246],{"class":218},[61,107165,299],{"class":214},[61,107167,162],{"class":75},[14,107169,11905],{},[34,107171,107172,107178,107182,107187],{},[37,107173,107174,107177],{},[18,107175,107176],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[37,107179,107180,107177],{},[18,107181,107123],{},[37,107183,107184,107186],{},[18,107185,102983],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[37,107188,107189,107190],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107191,107138],{},[47,107193,1750,107195,101350],{"id":107194},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107196,102983],{},[14,107198,107199,107200,26],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107201,102983],{},[14,107203,107204,107205,107207],{},"Only the values found in ",[23,107206,3950],{}," inputs will be kept.",[52,107209,107211],{"className":54,"code":107210,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107212,107213,107237,107261,107281,107285,107307],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107214,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107216,717],{"class":67},[61,107218,72],{"class":71},[61,107220,1235],{"class":75},[61,107222,80],{"class":79},[61,107224,83],{"class":75},[61,107226,86],{"class":79},[61,107228,83],{"class":75},[61,107230,95],{"class":79},[61,107232,83],{"class":75},[61,107234,1178],{"class":79},[61,107236,162],{"class":75},[61,107238,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107240,728],{"class":67},[61,107242,72],{"class":71},[61,107244,1235],{"class":75},[61,107246,2310],{"class":79},[61,107248,83],{"class":75},[61,107250,95],{"class":79},[61,107252,83],{"class":75},[61,107254,1178],{"class":79},[61,107256,83],{"class":75},[61,107258,950],{"class":79},[61,107260,162],{"class":75},[61,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107264,83401],{"class":67},[61,107266,72],{"class":71},[61,107268,1235],{"class":75},[61,107270,1321],{"class":79},[61,107272,83],{"class":75},[61,107274,1178],{"class":79},[61,107276,83],{"class":75},[61,107278,37865],{"class":79},[61,107280,162],{"class":75},[61,107282,107283],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107284,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,107288,869],{"class":67},[61,107290,72],{"class":71},[61,107292,57112],{"class":67},[61,107294,26],{"class":75},[61,107296,106657],{"class":116},[61,107298,113],{"class":75},[61,107300,765],{"class":116},[61,107302,83],{"class":75},[61,107304,9903],{"class":116},[61,107306,120],{"class":75},[61,107308,107309,107311,107313,107315],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,107310,127],{"class":126},[61,107312,113],{"class":75},[61,107314,892],{"class":116},[61,107316,120],{"class":75},[14,107318,139],{},[52,107320,107321],{"className":54,"code":106861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,107322,107323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107324,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107326,149],{"class":75},[61,107328,1321],{"class":79},[61,107330,83],{"class":75},[61,107332,1178],{"class":79},[61,107334,162],{"class":75},[14,107336,107337],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107339,107340],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[52,107342,107344],{"className":54,"code":107343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107345,107346,107370,107374,107414],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107347,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107349,717],{"class":67},[61,107351,72],{"class":71},[61,107353,1235],{"class":75},[61,107355,80],{"class":79},[61,107357,83],{"class":75},[61,107359,86],{"class":79},[61,107361,83],{"class":75},[61,107363,95],{"class":79},[61,107365,83],{"class":75},[61,107367,1178],{"class":79},[61,107369,162],{"class":75},[61,107371,107372],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107373,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107375,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107377,869],{"class":67},[61,107379,72],{"class":71},[61,107381,57112],{"class":67},[61,107383,26],{"class":75},[61,107385,106657],{"class":116},[61,107387,416],{"class":75},[61,107389,2310],{"class":79},[61,107391,83],{"class":75},[61,107393,1178],{"class":79},[61,107395,83],{"class":75},[61,107397,37865],{"class":79},[61,107399,1316],{"class":75},[61,107401,942],{"class":75},[61,107403,80],{"class":79},[61,107405,83],{"class":75},[61,107407,86],{"class":79},[61,107409,83],{"class":75},[61,107411,1178],{"class":79},[61,107413,480],{"class":75},[61,107415,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107417,127],{"class":126},[61,107419,113],{"class":75},[61,107421,892],{"class":116},[61,107423,120],{"class":75},[14,107425,139],{},[52,107427,107429],{"className":54,"code":107428,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107430,107431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107432,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107434,149],{"class":75},[61,107436,2310],{"class":79},[61,107438,83],{"class":75},[61,107440,1178],{"class":79},[61,107442,162],{"class":75},[47,107444,107446,10806,107448],{"id":107445},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107447,102983],{},[18,107449,107450],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107452,101520],{},[819,107454,107455],{"id":106657},[18,107456,102983],{},[34,107458,107459,107461],{},[37,107460,101529],{},[37,107462,101532],{},[52,107464,107466],{"className":54,"code":107465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107467,107468,107488,107508,107512,107530,107534,107544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107471,717],{"class":67},[61,107473,72],{"class":71},[61,107475,1235],{"class":75},[61,107477,80],{"class":79},[61,107479,83],{"class":75},[61,107481,86],{"class":79},[61,107483,83],{"class":75},[61,107485,95],{"class":79},[61,107487,162],{"class":75},[61,107489,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107491,728],{"class":67},[61,107493,72],{"class":71},[61,107495,1235],{"class":75},[61,107497,2310],{"class":79},[61,107499,83],{"class":75},[61,107501,95],{"class":79},[61,107503,83],{"class":75},[61,107505,1178],{"class":79},[61,107507,162],{"class":75},[61,107509,107510],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107511,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107513,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107515,869],{"class":67},[61,107517,72],{"class":71},[61,107519,57112],{"class":67},[61,107521,26],{"class":75},[61,107523,106657],{"class":116},[61,107525,113],{"class":75},[61,107527,765],{"class":116},[61,107529,120],{"class":75},[61,107531,107532],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,107533,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,107537,127],{"class":126},[61,107539,113],{"class":75},[61,107541,334],{"class":116},[61,107543,120],{"class":75},[61,107545,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,107547,127],{"class":126},[61,107549,113],{"class":75},[61,107551,892],{"class":116},[61,107553,120],{"class":75},[14,107555,139],{},[52,107557,107559],{"className":54,"code":107558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107560,107561,107577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107562,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107564,149],{"class":75},[61,107566,80],{"class":79},[61,107568,83],{"class":75},[61,107570,86],{"class":79},[61,107572,83],{"class":75},[61,107574,95],{"class":79},[61,107576,162],{"class":75},[61,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107580,149],{"class":75},[61,107582,2310],{"class":79},[61,107584,83],{"class":75},[61,107586,95],{"class":79},[61,107588,162],{"class":75},[819,107590,107592],{"id":107591},"intersection_update",[18,107593,107450],{},[34,107595,107596,107598],{},[37,107597,101672],{},[37,107599,107600],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[52,107602,107604],{"className":54,"code":107603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107605,107606,107626,107646,107650,107664,107668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107607,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107609,717],{"class":67},[61,107611,72],{"class":71},[61,107613,1235],{"class":75},[61,107615,80],{"class":79},[61,107617,83],{"class":75},[61,107619,86],{"class":79},[61,107621,83],{"class":75},[61,107623,95],{"class":79},[61,107625,162],{"class":75},[61,107627,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107629,728],{"class":67},[61,107631,72],{"class":71},[61,107633,1235],{"class":75},[61,107635,2310],{"class":79},[61,107637,83],{"class":75},[61,107639,95],{"class":79},[61,107641,83],{"class":75},[61,107643,1178],{"class":79},[61,107645,162],{"class":75},[61,107647,107648],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107649,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107651,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107653,334],{"class":67},[61,107655,26],{"class":75},[61,107657,107591],{"class":116},[61,107659,113],{"class":75},[61,107661,765],{"class":116},[61,107663,120],{"class":75},[61,107665,107666],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,107667,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107669,107670,107672,107674,107676],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,107671,127],{"class":126},[61,107673,113],{"class":75},[61,107675,334],{"class":116},[61,107677,120],{"class":75},[14,107679,139],{},[52,107681,107683],{"className":54,"code":107682,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107684,107685],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107686,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107688,149],{"class":75},[61,107690,2310],{"class":79},[61,107692,83],{"class":75},[61,107694,95],{"class":79},[61,107696,162],{"class":75},[14,107698,107699,107700,107702],{},"Choose ",[18,107701,102983],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[47,107704,4747],{"id":4746},[14,107706,14954,107707,378],{},[18,107708,102983],{},[34,107710,107711,107714,107717,107720],{},[37,107712,107713],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[37,107715,107716],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[37,107718,107719],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[37,107721,107722,107723],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107724,102983],{},[14,107726,107727],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[34,107729,107730,107735,107738,107751],{},[37,107731,1750,107732,107734],{},[18,107733,102983],{}," when order matters",[37,107736,107737],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[37,107739,1874,107740,1877,107742,1881,107747],{},[18,107741,102983],{},[334,107743,107745],{"href":107744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107746,102991],{},[334,107748,107749],{"href":103032},[18,107750,100606],{},[37,107752,107753],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107755,30356],{},[52,107757,107759],{"className":54,"code":107758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107760,107761,107771,107785,107803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107762,107763,107765,107767,107769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107764,127],{"class":126},[61,107766,113],{"class":75},[61,107768,1937],{"class":116},[61,107770,120],{"class":75},[61,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107774,127],{"class":126},[61,107776,113],{"class":75},[61,107778,648],{"class":109},[61,107780,113],{"class":75},[61,107782,892],{"class":116},[61,107784,480],{"class":75},[61,107786,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107788,127],{"class":126},[61,107790,113],{"class":75},[61,107792,100777],{"class":116},[61,107794,26],{"class":75},[61,107796,106657],{"class":116},[61,107798,113],{"class":75},[61,107800,100786],{"class":116},[61,107802,480],{"class":75},[61,107804,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107806,127],{"class":126},[61,107808,113],{"class":75},[61,107810,1948],{"class":126},[61,107812,113],{"class":75},[61,107814,892],{"class":116},[61,107816,480],{"class":75},[14,107818,197],{},[52,107820,107822],{"className":54,"code":107821,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107823,107824,107848,107868,107872,107890,107894,107904,107914,107928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107825,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107827,68],{"class":67},[61,107829,72],{"class":71},[61,107831,1235],{"class":75},[61,107833,80],{"class":79},[61,107835,83],{"class":75},[61,107837,86],{"class":79},[61,107839,83],{"class":75},[61,107841,86],{"class":79},[61,107843,83],{"class":75},[61,107845,95],{"class":79},[61,107847,162],{"class":75},[61,107849,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107851,43773],{"class":67},[61,107853,72],{"class":71},[61,107855,1235],{"class":75},[61,107857,2310],{"class":79},[61,107859,83],{"class":75},[61,107861,95],{"class":79},[61,107863,83],{"class":75},[61,107865,1178],{"class":79},[61,107867,162],{"class":75},[61,107869,107870],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107871,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107873,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107875,869],{"class":67},[61,107877,72],{"class":71},[61,107879,4490],{"class":67},[61,107881,26],{"class":75},[61,107883,106657],{"class":116},[61,107885,113],{"class":75},[61,107887,30963],{"class":116},[61,107889,120],{"class":75},[61,107891,107892],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,107893,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,107895,107896,107898,107900,107902],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,107897,127],{"class":126},[61,107899,113],{"class":75},[61,107901,117],{"class":116},[61,107903,120],{"class":75},[61,107905,107906,107908,107910,107912],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,107907,127],{"class":126},[61,107909,113],{"class":75},[61,107911,892],{"class":116},[61,107913,120],{"class":75},[61,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,107917,127],{"class":126},[61,107919,113],{"class":75},[61,107921,648],{"class":109},[61,107923,113],{"class":75},[61,107925,892],{"class":116},[61,107927,480],{"class":75},[61,107929,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,107931,127],{"class":126},[61,107933,113],{"class":75},[61,107935,1948],{"class":126},[61,107937,113],{"class":75},[61,107939,892],{"class":116},[61,107941,480],{"class":75},[14,107943,139],{},[52,107945,107947],{"className":54,"code":107946,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107948,107949,107965,107977,107991],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,107950,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,107952,149],{"class":75},[61,107954,80],{"class":79},[61,107956,83],{"class":75},[61,107958,86],{"class":79},[61,107960,83],{"class":75},[61,107962,95],{"class":79},[61,107964,162],{"class":75},[61,107966,107967,107969,107971,107973,107975],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,107968,149],{"class":75},[61,107970,2310],{"class":79},[61,107972,83],{"class":75},[61,107974,95],{"class":79},[61,107976,162],{"class":75},[61,107978,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,107980,672],{"class":71},[61,107982,676],{"class":675},[61,107984,308],{"class":214},[61,107986,354],{"class":218},[61,107988,299],{"class":214},[61,107990,685],{"class":71},[61,107992,107993],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,107994,17277],{"class":79},[14,107996,107997,107998,108000],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107999,2310],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,108002,1987],{"id":1986},[819,108004,12927,108006,102931],{"id":108005},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,108007,102983],{},[14,108009,102934],{},[819,108011,5398,108013,108015],{"id":108012},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,108014,102983],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108017,108018],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[819,108020,108022],{"id":108021},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108024,108025],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[819,108027,108029],{"id":108028},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108031,108032],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[52,108034,108035],{"className":54,"code":97669,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,108036,108037],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108038,108039,108041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108040,354],{"class":109},[61,108042,628],{"class":75},[47,108044,2144],{"id":2143},[34,108046,108047,108051,108058,108064],{},[37,108048,108049],{},[334,108050,337],{"href":336},[37,108052,108053],{},[334,108054,3808,108055,10961],{"href":107744},[18,108056,108057],{},"set.union()",[37,108059,108060],{},[334,108061,3808,108062,10961],{"href":103032},[18,108063,100611],{},[37,108065,108066],{},[334,108067,2159],{"href":922},[2169,108069,108070],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":108072},[108073,108075,108076,108077,108078,108080,108085,108086,108094],{"id":106686,"depth":101,"text":108074},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":107194,"depth":101,"text":108079},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107445,"depth":101,"text":108081,"children":108082},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108083,108084],{"id":106657,"depth":123,"text":102983},{"id":107591,"depth":123,"text":107450},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":108087},[108088,108090,108092,108093],{"id":108005,"depth":123,"text":108089},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108012,"depth":123,"text":108091},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108021,"depth":123,"text":108022},{"id":108028,"depth":123,"text":108029},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106579,"description":108095},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108102,"title":108103,"body":108104,"description":109340,"extension":2216,"meta":109341,"navigation":271,"path":109342,"seo":109343,"stem":109344,"__hash__":109345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108105,"toc":109307},[108106,108111,108117,108126,108128,108203,108208,108223,108233,108238,108242,108255,108259,108261,108276,108278,108294,108296,108371,108375,108378,108380,108397,108402,108457,108462,108474,108478,108481,108582,108584,108625,108628,108632,108639,108641,108666,108669,108687,108694,108700,108703,108785,108792,108795,108875,108884,108887,108892,108896,108910,108959,108964,108968,108979,109028,109039,109044,109048,109060,109109,109120,109122,109126,109149,109151,109208,109210,109224,109226,109232,109238,109244,109253,109257,109264,109268,109276,109278,109304],[10,108107,96417,108109,11542],{"id":108108},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108110,12986],{},[14,108112,108113,108116],{},[18,108114,108115],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108118,108119,108120,108122,108123,108125],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[23,108121,704],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108124,12986],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[47,108127,50],{"id":49},[52,108129,108131],{"className":54,"code":108130,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108132,108133,108165,108179,108183,108193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108134,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159,108161,108163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108136,1230],{"class":67},[61,108138,72],{"class":71},[61,108140,1235],{"class":75},[61,108142,215],{"class":214},[61,108144,2042],{"class":218},[61,108146,215],{"class":214},[61,108148,83],{"class":75},[61,108150,226],{"class":214},[61,108152,1040],{"class":218},[61,108154,215],{"class":214},[61,108156,83],{"class":75},[61,108158,226],{"class":214},[61,108160,4323],{"class":218},[61,108162,215],{"class":214},[61,108164,162],{"class":75},[61,108166,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108168,70151],{"class":67},[61,108170,72],{"class":71},[61,108172,6194],{"class":67},[61,108174,26],{"class":75},[61,108176,26462],{"class":116},[61,108178,628],{"class":75},[61,108180,108181],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108182,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108184,108185,108187,108189,108191],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,108186,127],{"class":126},[61,108188,113],{"class":75},[61,108190,70174],{"class":116},[61,108192,120],{"class":75},[61,108194,108195,108197,108199,108201],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,108196,127],{"class":126},[61,108198,113],{"class":75},[61,108200,1267],{"class":116},[61,108202,120],{"class":75},[14,108204,108205],{},[23,108206,108207],{},"What this does:",[34,108209,108210,108215,108220],{},[37,108211,108212,108213],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108214,1267],{},[37,108216,108217,108218],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108219,70174],{},[37,108221,108222],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108224,108225,89178,108227,108229,108230,108232],{},[23,108226,84036],{},[18,108228,108115],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[23,108231,704],{}," chosen by index.",[47,108234,3911,108236,3914],{"id":108235},"what-setpop-does",[18,108237,108115],{},[14,108239,108240,378],{},[18,108241,108115],{},[34,108243,108244,108246,108249,108252],{},[37,108245,103234],{},[37,108247,108248],{},"Returns the removed item",[37,108250,108251],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[37,108253,108254],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108256,96541,108257,26],{},[334,108258,337],{"href":97710},[47,108260,341],{"id":340},[52,108262,108264],{"className":54,"code":108263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108265,108266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108267,108268,108270,108272,108274],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108269,1937],{"class":67},[61,108271,26],{"class":75},[61,108273,26462],{"class":116},[61,108275,628],{"class":75},[14,108277,13276],{},[34,108279,108280,108286,108291],{},[37,108281,108282,108283],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108284,108285],{},"my_set.pop()",[37,108287,108288,108289],{},"It takes ",[23,108290,28909],{},[37,108292,108293],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108295,197],{},[52,108297,108299],{"className":54,"code":108298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108300,108301,108333,108347,108351,108361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108302,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108304,207],{"class":67},[61,108306,72],{"class":71},[61,108308,1235],{"class":75},[61,108310,215],{"class":214},[61,108312,219],{"class":218},[61,108314,215],{"class":214},[61,108316,83],{"class":75},[61,108318,226],{"class":214},[61,108320,229],{"class":218},[61,108322,215],{"class":214},[61,108324,83],{"class":75},[61,108326,226],{"class":214},[61,108328,246],{"class":218},[61,108330,215],{"class":214},[61,108332,162],{"class":75},[61,108334,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108336,28760],{"class":67},[61,108338,72],{"class":71},[61,108340,13345],{"class":67},[61,108342,26],{"class":75},[61,108344,26462],{"class":116},[61,108346,628],{"class":75},[61,108348,108349],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108350,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108352,108353,108355,108357,108359],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,108354,127],{"class":126},[61,108356,113],{"class":75},[61,108358,23531],{"class":116},[61,108360,120],{"class":75},[61,108362,108363,108365,108367,108369],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,108364,127],{"class":126},[61,108366,113],{"class":75},[61,108368,264],{"class":116},[61,108370,120],{"class":75},[47,108372,108374],{"id":108373},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108376,108377],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108379,2359],{},[34,108381,108382,108388,108391],{},[37,108383,108384,108385,108387],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108386,12986],{}," removes",[37,108389,108390],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[37,108392,108393,108394,108396],{},"You should not use ",[18,108395,12986],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108398,10682,108399,108401],{},[23,108400,704],{}," valid:",[52,108403,108405],{"className":54,"code":108404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108406,108407,108439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108408,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108410,36460],{"class":67},[61,108412,72],{"class":71},[61,108414,1235],{"class":75},[61,108416,215],{"class":214},[61,108418,2042],{"class":218},[61,108420,215],{"class":214},[61,108422,83],{"class":75},[61,108424,226],{"class":214},[61,108426,1040],{"class":218},[61,108428,215],{"class":214},[61,108430,83],{"class":75},[61,108432,226],{"class":214},[61,108434,4323],{"class":218},[61,108436,215],{"class":214},[61,108438,162],{"class":75},[61,108440,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451,108453,108455],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108442,36512],{"class":67},[61,108444,26],{"class":75},[61,108446,26462],{"class":116},[61,108448,113],{"class":75},[61,108450,215],{"class":214},[61,108452,2042],{"class":218},[61,108454,215],{"class":214},[61,108456,120],{"class":75},[14,108458,39875,108459,108461],{},[18,108460,108115],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108463,108464,108465,1881,108469,26],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[334,108466,108467],{"href":98420},[18,108468,103060],{},[334,108470,108472],{"href":108471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108473,103051],{},[47,108475,108477],{"id":108476},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108479,108480],{},"Here is a simple example:",[52,108482,108484],{"className":54,"code":108483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108485,108486,108520,108524,108540,108544,108563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108487,108488,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108516,108518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108489,108490],{"class":67},"animals ",[61,108492,72],{"class":71},[61,108494,1235],{"class":75},[61,108496,215],{"class":214},[61,108498,37269],{"class":218},[61,108500,215],{"class":214},[61,108502,83],{"class":75},[61,108504,226],{"class":214},[61,108506,58352],{"class":218},[61,108508,215],{"class":214},[61,108510,83],{"class":75},[61,108512,226],{"class":214},[61,108514,108515],{"class":218},"rabbit",[61,108517,215],{"class":214},[61,108519,162],{"class":75},[61,108521,108522],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108523,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108525,108526,108529,108531,108534,108536,108538],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108527,108528],{"class":67},"removed_animal ",[61,108530,72],{"class":71},[61,108532,108533],{"class":67}," animals",[61,108535,26],{"class":75},[61,108537,26462],{"class":116},[61,108539,628],{"class":75},[61,108541,108542],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,108543,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108545,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108561],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,108547,127],{"class":126},[61,108549,113],{"class":75},[61,108551,215],{"class":214},[61,108553,29177],{"class":218},[61,108555,215],{"class":214},[61,108557,83],{"class":75},[61,108559,108560],{"class":116}," removed_animal",[61,108562,120],{"class":75},[61,108564,108565,108567,108569,108571,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,108566,127],{"class":126},[61,108568,113],{"class":75},[61,108570,215],{"class":214},[61,108572,108573],{"class":218},"Updated set:",[61,108575,215],{"class":214},[61,108577,83],{"class":75},[61,108579,108533],{"class":116},[61,108581,120],{"class":75},[14,108583,287],{},[52,108585,108587],{"className":54,"code":108586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108588,108589,108598],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108590,108591,108593,108595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108592,29219],{"class":67},[61,108594,378],{"class":75},[61,108596,108597],{"class":67}," dog\n",[61,108599,108600,108603,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621,108623],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108601,108602],{"class":67},"Updated ",[61,108604,354],{"class":109},[61,108606,378],{"class":75},[61,108608,1235],{"class":75},[61,108610,299],{"class":214},[61,108612,37269],{"class":218},[61,108614,299],{"class":214},[61,108616,83],{"class":75},[61,108618,308],{"class":214},[61,108620,108515],{"class":218},[61,108622,299],{"class":214},[61,108624,162],{"class":75},[14,108626,108627],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[47,108629,108631],{"id":108630},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108633,29871,108634,108636,108637,26],{},[18,108635,12986],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108638,19907],{},[14,108640,197],{},[52,108642,108644],{"className":54,"code":108643,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108645,108646,108656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108647,108648,108650,108652,108654],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108649,1230],{"class":67},[61,108651,72],{"class":71},[61,108653,110],{"class":109},[61,108655,628],{"class":75},[61,108657,108658,108660,108662,108664],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108659,1267],{"class":67},[61,108661,26],{"class":75},[61,108663,26462],{"class":116},[61,108665,628],{"class":75},[14,108667,108668],{},"This raises:",[52,108670,108672],{"className":54,"code":108671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108673,108674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108675,108676,108678,108680,108682,108685],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108677,19907],{"class":109},[61,108679,378],{"class":75},[61,108681,308],{"class":214},[61,108683,108684],{"class":218},"pop from an empty set",[61,108686,29921],{"class":214},[14,108688,108689,108690,108693],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[334,108691,108692],{"href":11295},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[819,108695,108697,108698],{"id":108696},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108699,12986],{},[14,108701,108702],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[52,108704,108706],{"className":54,"code":108705,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108707,108708,108718,108722,108730,108745,108764,108770],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108709,108710,108712,108714,108716],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108711,1230],{"class":67},[61,108713,72],{"class":71},[61,108715,110],{"class":109},[61,108717,628],{"class":75},[61,108719,108720],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108721,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108723,108724,108726,108728],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108725,7227],{"class":1490},[61,108727,6194],{"class":67},[61,108729,6621],{"class":75},[61,108731,108732,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,108733,108734],{"class":67},"    removed ",[61,108736,72],{"class":71},[61,108738,6194],{"class":67},[61,108740,26],{"class":75},[61,108742,26462],{"class":116},[61,108744,628],{"class":75},[61,108746,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759,108762],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,108748,8299],{"class":126},[61,108750,113],{"class":75},[61,108752,215],{"class":214},[61,108754,29177],{"class":218},[61,108756,215],{"class":214},[61,108758,83],{"class":75},[61,108760,108761],{"class":116}," removed",[61,108763,120],{"class":75},[61,108765,108766,108768],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,108767,27655],{"class":1490},[61,108769,6621],{"class":75},[61,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778,108781,108783],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,108773,8299],{"class":126},[61,108775,113],{"class":75},[61,108777,215],{"class":214},[61,108779,108780],{"class":218},"The set is empty.",[61,108782,215],{"class":214},[61,108784,120],{"class":75},[819,108786,165,108788,4621,108790],{"id":108787},"use-try-and-except",[18,108789,30025],{},[18,108791,30056],{},[14,108793,108794],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[52,108796,108798],{"className":54,"code":108797,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108799,108800,108810,108814,108820,108834,108852,108860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108801,108802,108804,108806,108808],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108803,1230],{"class":67},[61,108805,72],{"class":71},[61,108807,110],{"class":109},[61,108809,628],{"class":75},[61,108811,108812],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108813,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,108815,108816,108818],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108817,30025],{"class":1490},[61,108819,6621],{"class":75},[61,108821,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,108823,108734],{"class":67},[61,108825,72],{"class":71},[61,108827,6194],{"class":67},[61,108829,26],{"class":75},[61,108831,26462],{"class":116},[61,108833,628],{"class":75},[61,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,108837,8299],{"class":126},[61,108839,113],{"class":75},[61,108841,215],{"class":214},[61,108843,29177],{"class":218},[61,108845,215],{"class":214},[61,108847,83],{"class":75},[61,108849,108761],{"class":116},[61,108851,120],{"class":75},[61,108853,108854,108856,108858],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,108855,30056],{"class":1490},[61,108857,30059],{"class":109},[61,108859,6621],{"class":75},[61,108861,108862,108864,108866,108868,108871,108873],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,108863,8299],{"class":126},[61,108865,113],{"class":75},[61,108867,215],{"class":214},[61,108869,108870],{"class":218},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[61,108872,215],{"class":214},[61,108874,120],{"class":75},[47,108876,5189,108878,10806,108880,10806,108882],{"id":108877},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108879,12986],{},[18,108881,55753],{},[18,108883,103046],{},[14,108885,108886],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[819,108888,165,108890],{"id":108889},"use-pop",[18,108891,12986],{},[14,108893,165,108894,1422],{},[18,108895,12986],{},[34,108897,108898,108904,108907],{},[37,108899,108900,108901],{},"You want to remove ",[23,108902,108903],{},"any one item",[37,108905,108906],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[37,108908,108909],{},"You want the removed item returned",[52,108911,108913],{"className":54,"code":108912,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108914,108915,108935,108949],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108916,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108918,68],{"class":67},[61,108920,72],{"class":71},[61,108922,1235],{"class":75},[61,108924,80],{"class":79},[61,108926,83],{"class":75},[61,108928,86],{"class":79},[61,108930,83],{"class":75},[61,108932,95],{"class":79},[61,108934,162],{"class":75},[61,108936,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,108938,1766],{"class":67},[61,108940,72],{"class":71},[61,108942,4490],{"class":67},[61,108944,26],{"class":75},[61,108946,26462],{"class":116},[61,108948,628],{"class":75},[61,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,108952,127],{"class":126},[61,108954,113],{"class":75},[61,108956,1783],{"class":116},[61,108958,120],{"class":75},[819,108960,165,108962],{"id":108961},"use-remove",[18,108963,55753],{},[14,108965,165,108966,1422],{},[18,108967,55753],{},[34,108969,108970,108976],{},[37,108971,108972,108973],{},"You want to delete a ",[23,108974,108975],{},"specific item",[37,108977,108978],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[52,108980,108982],{"className":54,"code":108981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108983,108984,109004,109018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,108985,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,108987,68],{"class":67},[61,108989,72],{"class":71},[61,108991,1235],{"class":75},[61,108993,80],{"class":79},[61,108995,83],{"class":75},[61,108997,86],{"class":79},[61,108999,83],{"class":75},[61,109001,95],{"class":79},[61,109003,162],{"class":75},[61,109005,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109007,117],{"class":67},[61,109009,26],{"class":75},[61,109011,35015],{"class":116},[61,109013,113],{"class":75},[61,109015,2310],{"class":79},[61,109017,120],{"class":75},[61,109019,109020,109022,109024,109026],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109021,127],{"class":126},[61,109023,113],{"class":75},[61,109025,117],{"class":116},[61,109027,120],{"class":75},[14,109029,109030,109031,109033,109034,109038],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,109032,55753],{}," raises an error. See the ",[334,109035,109036,10961],{"href":98420},[18,109037,103060],{}," for details.",[819,109040,165,109042],{"id":109041},"use-discard",[18,109043,103046],{},[14,109045,165,109046,1422],{},[18,109047,103046],{},[34,109049,109050,109054],{},[37,109051,108972,109052],{},[23,109053,108975],{},[37,109055,109056,109057,109059],{},"You do ",[23,109058,704],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[52,109061,109063],{"className":54,"code":109062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109064,109065,109085,109099],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109066,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081,109083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109068,68],{"class":67},[61,109070,72],{"class":71},[61,109072,1235],{"class":75},[61,109074,80],{"class":79},[61,109076,83],{"class":75},[61,109078,86],{"class":79},[61,109080,83],{"class":75},[61,109082,95],{"class":79},[61,109084,162],{"class":75},[61,109086,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109088,117],{"class":67},[61,109090,26],{"class":75},[61,109092,103113],{"class":116},[61,109094,113],{"class":75},[61,109096,945],{"class":79},[61,109098,120],{"class":75},[61,109100,109101,109103,109105,109107],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109102,127],{"class":126},[61,109104,113],{"class":75},[61,109106,117],{"class":116},[61,109108,120],{"class":75},[14,109110,109111,109112,109114,109115,109119],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109113,945],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[334,109116,109117,10961],{"href":108471},[18,109118,103051],{}," for more examples.",[47,109121,1741],{"id":1740},[14,109123,71697,109124,378],{},[18,109125,108115],{},[34,109127,109128,109134,109139,109144],{},[37,109129,109130,109131],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109132,109133],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[37,109135,1864,109136,109138],{},[18,109137,12986],{}," to remove the first or last item",[37,109140,29871,109141,109143],{},[18,109142,12986],{}," on an empty set",[37,109145,1750,109146,109148],{},[18,109147,12986],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109150,62513],{},[52,109152,109154],{"className":54,"code":109153,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109155,109156,109166,109180,109194],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109157,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109159,127],{"class":126},[61,109161,113],{"class":75},[61,109163,1937],{"class":116},[61,109165,120],{"class":75},[61,109167,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109169,127],{"class":126},[61,109171,113],{"class":75},[61,109173,1948],{"class":126},[61,109175,113],{"class":75},[61,109177,1937],{"class":116},[61,109179,480],{"class":75},[61,109181,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109183,127],{"class":126},[61,109185,113],{"class":75},[61,109187,648],{"class":109},[61,109189,113],{"class":75},[61,109191,1937],{"class":116},[61,109193,480],{"class":75},[61,109195,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,109197,28760],{"class":67},[61,109199,72],{"class":71},[61,109201,97136],{"class":67},[61,109203,26],{"class":75},[61,109205,26462],{"class":116},[61,109207,628],{"class":75},[14,109209,26229],{},[34,109211,109212,109215,109218,109221],{},[37,109213,109214],{},"What values are in the set",[37,109216,109217],{},"Whether the set is empty",[37,109219,109220],{},"That the object is really a set",[37,109222,109223],{},"What value was actually removed",[47,109225,1987],{"id":1986},[819,109227,12927,109229,109231],{"id":109228},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109230,108115],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109233,109234,109235,109237],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109236,12986],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[819,109239,109241,109242,2735],{"id":109240},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109243,108115],{},[14,109245,109246,109247,109249,109250,109252],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109248,12986],{},", set ",[18,109251,12986],{}," does not accept an index.",[819,109254,109256],{"id":109255},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109258,71866,109259,44853,109261,109263],{},[18,109260,19907],{},[18,109262,12986],{}," is called on an empty set.",[819,109265,109267],{"id":109266},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109269,165,109270,1881,109272,11313,109274,26],{},[18,109271,55753],{},[18,109273,103046],{},[18,109275,12986],{},[47,109277,2144],{"id":2143},[34,109279,109280,109284,109290,109296,109300],{},[37,109281,109282],{},[334,109283,337],{"href":97710},[37,109285,109286],{},[334,109287,97026,109288,10961],{"href":98420},[18,109289,55753],{},[37,109291,109292],{},[334,109293,97026,109294,10961],{"href":108471},[18,109295,103046],{},[37,109297,109298],{},[334,109299,11482],{"href":11295},[37,109301,109302],{},[334,109303,55739],{"href":55291},[2169,109305,109306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":109308},[109309,109310,109312,109313,109314,109315,109321,109330,109331,109339],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":108235,"depth":101,"text":109311},"What set.pop() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":108373,"depth":101,"text":108374},{"id":108476,"depth":101,"text":108477},{"id":108630,"depth":101,"text":108631,"children":109316},[109317,109319],{"id":108696,"depth":123,"text":109318},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108787,"depth":123,"text":109320},"Use try and except",{"id":108877,"depth":101,"text":109322,"children":109323},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109324,109326,109328],{"id":108889,"depth":123,"text":109325},"Use pop()",{"id":108961,"depth":123,"text":109327},"Use remove()",{"id":109041,"depth":123,"text":109329},"Use discard()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":109332},[109333,109335,109337,109338],{"id":109228,"depth":123,"text":109334},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109240,"depth":123,"text":109336},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109255,"depth":123,"text":109256},{"id":109266,"depth":123,"text":109267},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108103,"description":109340},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109347,"title":109348,"body":109349,"description":110503,"extension":2216,"meta":110504,"navigation":271,"path":110505,"seo":110506,"stem":110507,"__hash__":110508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109350,"toc":110471},[109351,109356,109361,109370,109372,109437,109441,109465,109472,109477,109481,109496,109499,109501,109520,109534,109537,109585,109589,109605,109607,109680,109684,109709,109715,109723,109727,109734,109789,109794,109811,109817,109823,109828,109836,109843,109847,109855,109910,109912,109929,109933,109940,110005,110009,110042,110044,110056,110063,110065,110070,110077,110079,110148,110152,110160,110162,110226,110230,110235,110282,110287,110355,110363,110370,110373,110379,110384,110388,110390,110393,110395,110400,110405,110411,110416,110423,110431,110437,110440,110442,110468],[10,109352,96417,109354,11542],{"id":109353},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109355,55753],{},[14,109357,109358,109360],{},[18,109359,103060],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109362,109363,109364,109367,109368,26],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[23,109365,109366],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109369,19907],{},[47,109371,50],{"id":49},[52,109373,109375],{"className":54,"code":109374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109376,109377,109409,109427],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109378,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109380,207],{"class":67},[61,109382,72],{"class":71},[61,109384,1235],{"class":75},[61,109386,215],{"class":214},[61,109388,219],{"class":218},[61,109390,215],{"class":214},[61,109392,83],{"class":75},[61,109394,226],{"class":214},[61,109396,229],{"class":218},[61,109398,215],{"class":214},[61,109400,83],{"class":75},[61,109402,226],{"class":214},[61,109404,246],{"class":218},[61,109406,215],{"class":214},[61,109408,162],{"class":75},[61,109410,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109412,264],{"class":67},[61,109414,26],{"class":75},[61,109416,35015],{"class":116},[61,109418,113],{"class":75},[61,109420,215],{"class":214},[61,109422,229],{"class":218},[61,109424,215],{"class":214},[61,109426,120],{"class":75},[61,109428,109429,109431,109433,109435],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109430,127],{"class":126},[61,109432,113],{"class":75},[61,109434,264],{"class":116},[61,109436,120],{"class":75},[14,109438,109439],{},[23,109440,287],{},[52,109442,109443],{"className":54,"code":103740,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109444,109445],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109446,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109448,149],{"class":75},[61,109450,299],{"class":214},[61,109452,219],{"class":218},[61,109454,299],{"class":214},[61,109456,83],{"class":75},[61,109458,308],{"class":214},[61,109460,246],{"class":218},[61,109462,299],{"class":214},[61,109464,162],{"class":75},[14,109466,165,109467,109469,109470,26],{},[18,109468,55753],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109471,19907],{},[47,109473,3911,109475,3914],{"id":109474},"what-setremove-does",[18,109476,103060],{},[14,109478,109479,378],{},[18,109480,103060],{},[34,109482,109483,109486,109488,109490],{},[37,109484,109485],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[37,109487,96532],{},[37,109489,96535],{},[37,109491,109492,109493,109495],{},"Raises ",[18,109494,19907],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109497,109498],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[47,109500,341],{"id":340},[52,109502,109504],{"className":54,"code":109503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109505,109506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109507,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109509,1937],{"class":67},[61,109511,26],{"class":75},[61,109513,35015],{"class":116},[61,109515,113],{"class":75},[61,109517,1783],{"class":116},[61,109519,120],{"class":75},[34,109521,109522,109526,109531],{},[37,109523,109524,103282],{},[18,109525,1937],{},[37,109527,109528,109530],{},[18,109529,1783],{}," is the item to remove",[37,109532,109533],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109535,109536],{},"Here is a small example:",[52,109538,109539],{"className":54,"code":108981,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109540,109541,109561,109575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109542,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109544,68],{"class":67},[61,109546,72],{"class":71},[61,109548,1235],{"class":75},[61,109550,80],{"class":79},[61,109552,83],{"class":75},[61,109554,86],{"class":79},[61,109556,83],{"class":75},[61,109558,95],{"class":79},[61,109560,162],{"class":75},[61,109562,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109564,117],{"class":67},[61,109566,26],{"class":75},[61,109568,35015],{"class":116},[61,109570,113],{"class":75},[61,109572,2310],{"class":79},[61,109574,120],{"class":75},[61,109576,109577,109579,109581,109583],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109578,127],{"class":126},[61,109580,113],{"class":75},[61,109582,117],{"class":116},[61,109584,120],{"class":75},[14,109586,109587],{},[23,109588,287],{},[52,109590,109591],{"className":54,"code":101490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,109592,109593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109596,149],{"class":75},[61,109598,80],{"class":79},[61,109600,83],{"class":75},[61,109602,95],{"class":79},[61,109604,162],{"class":75},[47,109606,11696],{"id":11695},[52,109608,109610],{"className":54,"code":109609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109611,109612,109644,109648,109666,109670],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109613,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109615,36460],{"class":67},[61,109617,72],{"class":71},[61,109619,1235],{"class":75},[61,109621,215],{"class":214},[61,109623,2042],{"class":218},[61,109625,215],{"class":214},[61,109627,83],{"class":75},[61,109629,226],{"class":214},[61,109631,1040],{"class":218},[61,109633,215],{"class":214},[61,109635,83],{"class":75},[61,109637,226],{"class":214},[61,109639,33442],{"class":218},[61,109641,215],{"class":214},[61,109643,162],{"class":75},[61,109645,109646],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109647,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,109649,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109651,36512],{"class":67},[61,109653,26],{"class":75},[61,109655,35015],{"class":116},[61,109657,113],{"class":75},[61,109659,215],{"class":214},[61,109661,1040],{"class":218},[61,109663,215],{"class":214},[61,109665,120],{"class":75},[61,109667,109668],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,109669,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,109671,109672,109674,109676,109678],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,109673,127],{"class":126},[61,109675,113],{"class":75},[61,109677,36512],{"class":116},[61,109679,120],{"class":75},[14,109681,109682],{},[23,109683,287],{},[52,109685,109687],{"className":54,"code":109686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109688,109689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109690,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109692,149],{"class":75},[61,109694,299],{"class":214},[61,109696,2042],{"class":218},[61,109698,299],{"class":214},[61,109700,83],{"class":75},[61,109702,308],{"class":214},[61,109704,33442],{"class":218},[61,109706,299],{"class":214},[61,109708,162],{"class":75},[14,109710,109711,109712,109714],{},"This removes ",[18,109713,65492],{}," from the set.",[14,109716,109717,109718,109720,109721,26],{},"A set does ",[23,109719,704],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[334,109722,96546],{"href":98094},[47,109724,109726],{"id":109725},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109728,109729,109730,52718,109732,26],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109731,55753],{},[18,109733,19907],{},[52,109735,109737],{"className":54,"code":109736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109738,109739,109771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109740,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109742,207],{"class":67},[61,109744,72],{"class":71},[61,109746,1235],{"class":75},[61,109748,215],{"class":214},[61,109750,219],{"class":218},[61,109752,215],{"class":214},[61,109754,83],{"class":75},[61,109756,226],{"class":214},[61,109758,229],{"class":218},[61,109760,215],{"class":214},[61,109762,83],{"class":75},[61,109764,226],{"class":214},[61,109766,246],{"class":218},[61,109768,215],{"class":214},[61,109770,162],{"class":75},[61,109772,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109774,264],{"class":67},[61,109776,26],{"class":75},[61,109778,35015],{"class":116},[61,109780,113],{"class":75},[61,109782,215],{"class":214},[61,109784,22744],{"class":218},[61,109786,215],{"class":214},[61,109788,120],{"class":75},[14,109790,109791],{},[23,109792,109793],{},"Result:",[52,109795,109797],{"className":54,"code":109796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109798,109799],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109800,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109802,19907],{"class":109},[61,109804,378],{"class":75},[61,109806,308],{"class":214},[61,109808,22744],{"class":218},[61,109810,29921],{"class":214},[14,109812,22409,109813,109816],{},[18,109814,109815],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109818,109819,109820,109822],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109821,55753],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109824,109825,109826,26],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[334,109827,11482],{"href":11295},[47,109829,4425,109831,109833,109834],{"id":109830},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109832,55753],{}," is different from ",[18,109835,103046],{},[14,109837,109838,4621,109840,109842],{},[18,109839,55753],{},[18,109841,103046],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[819,109844,109845],{"id":35015},[18,109846,55753],{},[34,109848,109849,109852],{},[37,109850,109851],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[37,109853,109854],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[52,109856,109858],{"className":54,"code":109857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109859,109860,109892],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109861,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109863,36312],{"class":67},[61,109865,72],{"class":71},[61,109867,1235],{"class":75},[61,109869,215],{"class":214},[61,109871,334],{"class":218},[61,109873,215],{"class":214},[61,109875,83],{"class":75},[61,109877,226],{"class":214},[61,109879,765],{"class":218},[61,109881,215],{"class":214},[61,109883,83],{"class":75},[61,109885,226],{"class":214},[61,109887,9961],{"class":218},[61,109889,215],{"class":214},[61,109891,162],{"class":75},[61,109893,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109895,36365],{"class":67},[61,109897,26],{"class":75},[61,109899,35015],{"class":116},[61,109901,113],{"class":75},[61,109903,215],{"class":214},[61,109905,18987],{"class":218},[61,109907,215],{"class":214},[61,109909,120],{"class":75},[14,109911,108668],{},[52,109913,109915],{"className":54,"code":109914,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109916,109917],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109918,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109920,19907],{"class":109},[61,109922,378],{"class":75},[61,109924,308],{"class":214},[61,109926,18987],{"class":218},[61,109928,29921],{"class":214},[819,109930,109931],{"id":103113},[18,109932,103046],{},[34,109934,109935,109937],{},[37,109936,109851],{},[37,109938,109939],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[52,109941,109943],{"className":54,"code":109942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109944,109945,109977,109995],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,109946,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,109948,36312],{"class":67},[61,109950,72],{"class":71},[61,109952,1235],{"class":75},[61,109954,215],{"class":214},[61,109956,334],{"class":218},[61,109958,215],{"class":214},[61,109960,83],{"class":75},[61,109962,226],{"class":214},[61,109964,765],{"class":218},[61,109966,215],{"class":214},[61,109968,83],{"class":75},[61,109970,226],{"class":214},[61,109972,9961],{"class":218},[61,109974,215],{"class":214},[61,109976,162],{"class":75},[61,109978,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,109980,36365],{"class":67},[61,109982,26],{"class":75},[61,109984,103113],{"class":116},[61,109986,113],{"class":75},[61,109988,215],{"class":214},[61,109990,18987],{"class":218},[61,109992,215],{"class":214},[61,109994,120],{"class":75},[61,109996,109997,109999,110001,110003],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,109998,127],{"class":126},[61,110000,113],{"class":75},[61,110002,36365],{"class":116},[61,110004,120],{"class":75},[14,110006,110007],{},[23,110008,139],{},[52,110010,110012],{"className":54,"code":110011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,110013,110014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110015,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110017,149],{"class":75},[61,110019,299],{"class":214},[61,110021,334],{"class":218},[61,110023,299],{"class":214},[61,110025,83],{"class":75},[61,110027,308],{"class":214},[61,110029,765],{"class":218},[61,110031,299],{"class":214},[61,110033,83],{"class":75},[61,110035,308],{"class":214},[61,110037,9961],{"class":218},[61,110039,299],{"class":214},[61,110041,162],{"class":75},[14,110043,18914],{},[34,110045,110046,110051],{},[37,110047,110048,110050],{},[18,110049,55753],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[37,110052,110053,110055],{},[18,110054,103046],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110057,110058,110059,26],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[334,110060,97026,110061,10961],{"href":108471},[18,110062,103046],{},[47,110064,4747],{"id":4746},[819,110066,1864,110068,97405],{"id":110067},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110069,55753],{},[14,110071,110072,110074,110075,26],{},[18,110073,55753],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110076,4012],{},[14,110078,16864],{},[52,110080,110082],{"className":54,"code":110081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110083,110084,110116,110138],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110085,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110087,207],{"class":67},[61,110089,72],{"class":71},[61,110091,1235],{"class":75},[61,110093,215],{"class":214},[61,110095,219],{"class":218},[61,110097,215],{"class":214},[61,110099,83],{"class":75},[61,110101,226],{"class":214},[61,110103,229],{"class":218},[61,110105,215],{"class":214},[61,110107,83],{"class":75},[61,110109,226],{"class":214},[61,110111,246],{"class":218},[61,110113,215],{"class":214},[61,110115,162],{"class":75},[61,110117,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132,110134,110136],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110119,13340],{"class":67},[61,110121,72],{"class":71},[61,110123,13345],{"class":67},[61,110125,26],{"class":75},[61,110127,35015],{"class":116},[61,110129,113],{"class":75},[61,110131,215],{"class":214},[61,110133,229],{"class":218},[61,110135,215],{"class":214},[61,110137,120],{"class":75},[61,110139,110140,110142,110144,110146],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110141,127],{"class":126},[61,110143,113],{"class":75},[61,110145,13364],{"class":116},[61,110147,120],{"class":75},[14,110149,110150],{},[23,110151,139],{},[52,110153,110154],{"className":54,"code":12030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,110155,110156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110157,110158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110159,12030],{"class":1523},[14,110161,16876],{},[52,110163,110164],{"className":54,"code":109374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,110165,110166,110198,110216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110167,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110169,207],{"class":67},[61,110171,72],{"class":71},[61,110173,1235],{"class":75},[61,110175,215],{"class":214},[61,110177,219],{"class":218},[61,110179,215],{"class":214},[61,110181,83],{"class":75},[61,110183,226],{"class":214},[61,110185,229],{"class":218},[61,110187,215],{"class":214},[61,110189,83],{"class":75},[61,110191,226],{"class":214},[61,110193,246],{"class":218},[61,110195,215],{"class":214},[61,110197,162],{"class":75},[61,110199,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110201,264],{"class":67},[61,110203,26],{"class":75},[61,110205,35015],{"class":116},[61,110207,113],{"class":75},[61,110209,215],{"class":214},[61,110211,229],{"class":218},[61,110213,215],{"class":214},[61,110215,120],{"class":75},[61,110217,110218,110220,110222,110224],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110219,127],{"class":126},[61,110221,113],{"class":75},[61,110223,264],{"class":116},[61,110225,120],{"class":75},[819,110227,110229],{"id":110228},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110231,110232,110233,26],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110234,19907],{},[52,110236,110238],{"className":54,"code":110237,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110239,110240,110264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110241,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110243,207],{"class":67},[61,110245,72],{"class":71},[61,110247,1235],{"class":75},[61,110249,215],{"class":214},[61,110251,219],{"class":218},[61,110253,215],{"class":214},[61,110255,83],{"class":75},[61,110257,226],{"class":214},[61,110259,229],{"class":218},[61,110261,215],{"class":214},[61,110263,162],{"class":75},[61,110265,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110267,264],{"class":67},[61,110269,26],{"class":75},[61,110271,35015],{"class":116},[61,110273,113],{"class":75},[61,110275,215],{"class":214},[61,110277,246],{"class":218},[61,110279,215],{"class":214},[61,110281,120],{"class":75},[14,110283,110284,110285,378],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110286,1433],{},[52,110288,110290],{"className":54,"code":110289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110291,110292,110316,110320,110336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110293,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110295,207],{"class":67},[61,110297,72],{"class":71},[61,110299,1235],{"class":75},[61,110301,215],{"class":214},[61,110303,219],{"class":218},[61,110305,215],{"class":214},[61,110307,83],{"class":75},[61,110309,226],{"class":214},[61,110311,229],{"class":218},[61,110313,215],{"class":214},[61,110315,162],{"class":75},[61,110317,110318],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110319,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,110321,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110323,7227],{"class":1490},[61,110325,226],{"class":214},[61,110327,246],{"class":218},[61,110329,215],{"class":214},[61,110331,1491],{"class":71},[61,110333,13345],{"class":67},[61,110335,6621],{"class":75},[61,110337,110338,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,110339,110340],{"class":67},"    colors",[61,110342,26],{"class":75},[61,110344,35015],{"class":116},[61,110346,113],{"class":75},[61,110348,215],{"class":214},[61,110350,246],{"class":218},[61,110352,215],{"class":214},[61,110354,120],{"class":75},[14,110356,110357,110358,110362],{},"Or use ",[334,110359,110360],{"href":108471},[18,110361,103046],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[819,110364,1874,110366,1877,110368],{"id":110365},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110367,103060],{},[18,110369,55299],{},[14,110371,110372],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110374,110375,110376,110378],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110377,103060],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110380,110381,110382,26],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[334,110383,923],{"href":99283},[819,110385,110387],{"id":110386},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110389,108377],{},[14,110391,110392],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[47,110394,1987],{"id":1986},[819,110396,12927,110398,97504],{"id":110397},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110399,103060],{},[14,110401,110402,110403,26],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110404,4012],{},[819,110406,30508,110408,110410],{"id":110407},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110409,103060],{}," raise?",[14,110412,30514,110413,110415],{},[18,110414,19907],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[819,110417,21640,110419,1881,110421,2735],{"id":110418},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110420,55753],{},[18,110422,103046],{},[14,110424,165,110425,110427,110428,110430],{},[18,110426,55753],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110429,103046],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[819,110432,5398,110434,110436],{"id":110433},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110435,103060],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110438,110439],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[47,110441,2144],{"id":2143},[34,110443,110444,110450,110456,110460,110464],{},[37,110445,110446],{},[334,110447,97026,110448,10961],{"href":108471},[18,110449,103046],{},[37,110451,110452],{},[334,110453,97026,110454,10961],{"href":98425},[18,110455,12986],{},[37,110457,110458],{},[334,110459,97549],{"href":98094},[37,110461,110462],{},[334,110463,2159],{"href":99283},[37,110465,110466],{},[334,110467,11482],{"href":11295},[2169,110469,110470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":110472},[110473,110474,110476,110477,110478,110479,110484,110492,110502],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":109474,"depth":101,"text":110475},"What set.remove() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":109725,"depth":101,"text":109726},{"id":109830,"depth":101,"text":110480,"children":110481},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110482,110483],{"id":35015,"depth":123,"text":55753},{"id":103113,"depth":123,"text":103046},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":110485},[110486,110488,110489,110491],{"id":110067,"depth":123,"text":110487},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110228,"depth":123,"text":110229},{"id":110365,"depth":123,"text":110490},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110386,"depth":123,"text":110387},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":110493},[110494,110496,110498,110500],{"id":110397,"depth":123,"text":110495},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110407,"depth":123,"text":110497},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110418,"depth":123,"text":110499},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110433,"depth":123,"text":110501},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109348,"description":110503},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110510,"title":110511,"body":110512,"description":111885,"extension":2216,"meta":111886,"navigation":271,"path":111887,"seo":111888,"stem":111889,"__hash__":111890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110513,"toc":111860},[110514,110520,110526,110529,110532,110546,110548,110629,110632,110637,110641,110655,110662,110664,110683,110686,110704,110706,110786,110788,110813,110817,110820,110828,110833,110838,110840,110853,110858,110861,110885,110888,110896,110898,110901,110998,111000,111033,111035,111061,111068,111071,111075,111083,111087,111095,111097,111187,111189,111203,111210,111215,111220,111222,111313,111315,111327,111329,111343,111349,111357,111359,111441,111443,111488,111491,111499,111502,111504,111508,111551,111553,111573,111578,111580,111665,111667,111672,111674,111681,111689,111695,111698,111700,111786,111788,111812,111816,111819,111821,111848,111858],[10,110515,96417,110517,11542],{"id":110516},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110518,110519],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110521,110522,110525],{},[18,110523,110524],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110527,110528],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110530,110531],{},"Use it when:",[34,110533,110534,110537,110543],{},[37,110535,110536],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[37,110538,110539,110540,110542],{},"you do ",[23,110541,704],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[37,110544,110545],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[47,110547,3842],{"id":3841},[52,110549,110551],{"className":54,"code":110550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110552,110553,110573,110593,110597,110616],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110554,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110556,717],{"class":67},[61,110558,72],{"class":71},[61,110560,1235],{"class":75},[61,110562,80],{"class":79},[61,110564,83],{"class":75},[61,110566,86],{"class":79},[61,110568,83],{"class":75},[61,110570,95],{"class":79},[61,110572,162],{"class":75},[61,110574,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110576,728],{"class":67},[61,110578,72],{"class":71},[61,110580,1235],{"class":75},[61,110582,1321],{"class":79},[61,110584,83],{"class":75},[61,110586,1178],{"class":79},[61,110588,83],{"class":75},[61,110590,950],{"class":79},[61,110592,162],{"class":75},[61,110594,110595],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110596,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,110598,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110610,110612,110614],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,110600,869],{"class":67},[61,110602,72],{"class":71},[61,110604,57112],{"class":67},[61,110606,26],{"class":75},[61,110608,110609],{"class":116},"symmetric_difference",[61,110611,113],{"class":75},[61,110613,765],{"class":116},[61,110615,120],{"class":75},[61,110617,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,110619,127],{"class":126},[61,110621,113],{"class":75},[61,110623,892],{"class":116},[61,110625,3893],{"class":75},[61,110627,110628],{"class":3896},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110630,110631],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[47,110633,3911,110635,3914],{"id":110634},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110636,110519],{},[14,110638,110639,378],{},[18,110640,110524],{},[34,110642,110643,110646,110649,110652],{},[37,110644,110645],{},"returns a new set",[37,110647,110648],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[37,110650,110651],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[37,110653,110654],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110656,96541,110657,1881,110659,26],{},[334,110658,337],{"href":336},[334,110660,110661],{"href":812},"creating a set in Python",[47,110663,341],{"id":340},[52,110665,110667],{"className":54,"code":110666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110668,110669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110670,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110672,100777],{"class":67},[61,110674,26],{"class":75},[61,110676,110609],{"class":116},[61,110678,113],{"class":75},[61,110680,100786],{"class":116},[61,110682,120],{"class":75},[14,110684,110685],{},"Notes:",[34,110687,110688,110693,110698,110701],{},[37,110689,110690,110692],{},[18,110691,100777],{}," must be a set",[37,110694,110695,110697],{},[18,110696,100786],{}," can be any iterable",[37,110699,110700],{},"the result is always a set",[37,110702,110703],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110705,197],{},[52,110707,110709],{"className":54,"code":110708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110710,110711,110732,110753,110757,110776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110712,110713,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110714,110715],{"class":67},"set1 ",[61,110717,72],{"class":71},[61,110719,1235],{"class":75},[61,110721,80],{"class":79},[61,110723,83],{"class":75},[61,110725,86],{"class":79},[61,110727,83],{"class":75},[61,110729,95],{"class":79},[61,110731,162],{"class":75},[61,110733,110734,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110735,110736],{"class":67},"set2 ",[61,110738,72],{"class":71},[61,110740,1235],{"class":75},[61,110742,1321],{"class":79},[61,110744,83],{"class":75},[61,110746,1178],{"class":79},[61,110748,83],{"class":75},[61,110750,950],{"class":79},[61,110752,162],{"class":75},[61,110754,110755],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110756,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,110758,110759,110761,110763,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,110760,869],{"class":67},[61,110762,72],{"class":71},[61,110764,110765],{"class":67}," set1",[61,110767,26],{"class":75},[61,110769,110609],{"class":116},[61,110771,113],{"class":75},[61,110773,100786],{"class":116},[61,110775,120],{"class":75},[61,110777,110778,110780,110782,110784],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,110779,127],{"class":126},[61,110781,113],{"class":75},[61,110783,892],{"class":116},[61,110785,120],{"class":75},[14,110787,139],{},[52,110789,110791],{"className":54,"code":110790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110792,110793],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110794,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110796,149],{"class":75},[61,110798,80],{"class":79},[61,110800,83],{"class":75},[61,110802,86],{"class":79},[61,110804,83],{"class":75},[61,110806,1178],{"class":79},[61,110808,83],{"class":75},[61,110810,950],{"class":79},[61,110812,162],{"class":75},[47,110814,110816],{"id":110815},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110818,110819],{},"The result includes:",[34,110821,110822,110825],{},[37,110823,110824],{},"items only in the first set",[37,110826,110827],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110829,110830,110831,11304],{},"The result does ",[23,110832,704],{},[34,110834,110835],{},[37,110836,110837],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110839,5701],{},[34,110841,110842,110847],{},[37,110843,110844,110845],{},"first set: ",[18,110846,1601],{},[37,110848,110849,110850],{},"second set: ",[18,110851,110852],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110854,4277,110855,110857],{},[18,110856,1321],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110859,110860],{},"The output is:",[52,110862,110863],{"className":54,"code":110790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,110864,110865],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110866,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110868,149],{"class":75},[61,110870,80],{"class":79},[61,110872,83],{"class":75},[61,110874,86],{"class":79},[61,110876,83],{"class":75},[61,110878,1178],{"class":79},[61,110880,83],{"class":75},[61,110882,950],{"class":79},[61,110884,162],{"class":75},[14,110886,110887],{},"Also remember:",[34,110889,110890,110893],{},[37,110891,110892],{},"sets are unordered",[37,110894,110895],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[47,110897,11696],{"id":11695},[14,110899,110900],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[52,110902,110904],{"className":54,"code":110903,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110905,110906,110938,110962,110966,110984,110988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,110907,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,110909,107039],{"class":67},[61,110911,72],{"class":71},[61,110913,1235],{"class":75},[61,110915,215],{"class":214},[61,110917,219],{"class":218},[61,110919,215],{"class":214},[61,110921,83],{"class":75},[61,110923,226],{"class":214},[61,110925,229],{"class":218},[61,110927,215],{"class":214},[61,110929,83],{"class":75},[61,110931,226],{"class":214},[61,110933,246],{"class":218},[61,110935,215],{"class":214},[61,110937,162],{"class":75},[61,110939,110940,110942,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,110941,107072],{"class":67},[61,110943,72],{"class":71},[61,110945,1235],{"class":75},[61,110947,215],{"class":214},[61,110949,246],{"class":218},[61,110951,215],{"class":214},[61,110953,83],{"class":75},[61,110955,226],{"class":214},[61,110957,22744],{"class":218},[61,110959,215],{"class":214},[61,110961,162],{"class":75},[61,110963,110964],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,110965,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,110967,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,110969,869],{"class":67},[61,110971,72],{"class":71},[61,110973,107114],{"class":67},[61,110975,26],{"class":75},[61,110977,110609],{"class":116},[61,110979,113],{"class":75},[61,110981,107123],{"class":116},[61,110983,120],{"class":75},[61,110985,110986],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,110987,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,110989,110990,110992,110994,110996],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,110991,127],{"class":126},[61,110993,113],{"class":75},[61,110995,892],{"class":116},[61,110997,120],{"class":75},[14,110999,139],{},[52,111001,111003],{"className":54,"code":111002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,111004,111005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111006,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111008,149],{"class":75},[61,111010,299],{"class":214},[61,111012,219],{"class":218},[61,111014,299],{"class":214},[61,111016,83],{"class":75},[61,111018,308],{"class":214},[61,111020,229],{"class":218},[61,111022,299],{"class":214},[61,111024,83],{"class":75},[61,111026,308],{"class":214},[61,111028,22744],{"class":218},[61,111030,299],{"class":214},[61,111032,162],{"class":75},[14,111034,13631],{},[34,111036,111037,111042,111053],{},[37,111038,111039,111041],{},[18,111040,96706],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[37,111043,111044,4621,111046,111049,111050,111052],{},[18,111045,328],{},[18,111047,111048],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,111051,107176],{},", so they stay",[37,111054,111055,111057,111058,111060],{},[18,111056,109815],{}," is only in ",[18,111059,107123],{},", so it stays",[47,111062,111064,10806,111066],{"id":111063},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111065,110519],{},[18,111067,100606],{},[14,111069,111070],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111072,111073,378],{},[18,111074,100606],{},[34,111076,111077,111080],{},[37,111078,111079],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[37,111081,111082],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111084,111085,378],{},[18,111086,110519],{},[34,111088,111089,111092],{},[37,111090,111091],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[37,111093,111094],{},"removes shared items",[14,111096,197],{},[52,111098,111100],{"className":54,"code":111099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111101,111102,111122,111142,111146,111167],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111103,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111105,717],{"class":67},[61,111107,72],{"class":71},[61,111109,1235],{"class":75},[61,111111,80],{"class":79},[61,111113,83],{"class":75},[61,111115,86],{"class":79},[61,111117,83],{"class":75},[61,111119,95],{"class":79},[61,111121,162],{"class":75},[61,111123,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111125,728],{"class":67},[61,111127,72],{"class":71},[61,111129,1235],{"class":75},[61,111131,1321],{"class":79},[61,111133,83],{"class":75},[61,111135,1178],{"class":79},[61,111137,83],{"class":75},[61,111139,950],{"class":79},[61,111141,162],{"class":75},[61,111143,111144],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111145,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,111147,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111149,127],{"class":126},[61,111151,113],{"class":75},[61,111153,334],{"class":116},[61,111155,26],{"class":75},[61,111157,3053],{"class":116},[61,111159,113],{"class":75},[61,111161,765],{"class":116},[61,111163,5590],{"class":75},[61,111165,111166],{"class":3896},"            # {1, 2}\n",[61,111168,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111170,127],{"class":126},[61,111172,113],{"class":75},[61,111174,334],{"class":116},[61,111176,26],{"class":75},[61,111178,110609],{"class":116},[61,111180,113],{"class":75},[61,111182,765],{"class":116},[61,111184,5590],{"class":75},[61,111186,110628],{"class":3896},[14,111188,18914],{},[34,111190,111191,111198],{},[37,111192,111193,111197],{},[334,111194,111195],{"href":103032},[18,111196,100606],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[37,111199,111200,111202],{},[18,111201,110519],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[47,111204,111206,10806,111208],{"id":111205},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111207,110519],{},[18,111209,102991],{},[14,111211,111212,111214],{},[18,111213,102991],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111216,111217,111219],{},[18,111218,110519],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111221,197],{},[52,111223,111225],{"className":54,"code":111224,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111226,111227,111247,111267,111271,111293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111228,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111230,717],{"class":67},[61,111232,72],{"class":71},[61,111234,1235],{"class":75},[61,111236,80],{"class":79},[61,111238,83],{"class":75},[61,111240,86],{"class":79},[61,111242,83],{"class":75},[61,111244,95],{"class":79},[61,111246,162],{"class":75},[61,111248,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111250,728],{"class":67},[61,111252,72],{"class":71},[61,111254,1235],{"class":75},[61,111256,1321],{"class":79},[61,111258,83],{"class":75},[61,111260,1178],{"class":79},[61,111262,83],{"class":75},[61,111264,950],{"class":79},[61,111266,162],{"class":75},[61,111268,111269],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111270,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,111272,111273,111275,111277,111279,111281,111284,111286,111288,111290],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111274,127],{"class":126},[61,111276,113],{"class":75},[61,111278,334],{"class":116},[61,111280,26],{"class":75},[61,111282,111283],{"class":116},"union",[61,111285,113],{"class":75},[61,111287,765],{"class":116},[61,111289,5590],{"class":75},[61,111291,111292],{"class":3896},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,111294,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111296,127],{"class":126},[61,111298,113],{"class":75},[61,111300,334],{"class":116},[61,111302,26],{"class":75},[61,111304,110609],{"class":116},[61,111306,113],{"class":75},[61,111308,765],{"class":116},[61,111310,5590],{"class":75},[61,111312,110628],{"class":3896},[14,111314,27442],{},[34,111316,111317,111322],{},[37,111318,111319,111321],{},[18,111320,102991],{}," includes everything",[37,111323,111324,111326],{},[18,111325,110519],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111328,18914],{},[34,111330,111331,111338],{},[37,111332,111333,111337],{},[334,111334,111335],{"href":107744},[18,111336,102991],{}," when overlap does not matter",[37,111339,111340,111342],{},[18,111341,110519],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[47,111344,36834,111346,101790],{"id":111345},"using-the-operator",[18,111347,111348],{},"^",[14,111350,111351,111352,111354,111355,26],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111353,111348],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111356,110519],{},[14,111358,197],{},[52,111360,111362],{"className":54,"code":111361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111363,111364,111384,111404,111408,111426],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111365,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111367,110715],{"class":67},[61,111369,72],{"class":71},[61,111371,1235],{"class":75},[61,111373,80],{"class":79},[61,111375,83],{"class":75},[61,111377,86],{"class":79},[61,111379,83],{"class":75},[61,111381,95],{"class":79},[61,111383,162],{"class":75},[61,111385,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111387,110736],{"class":67},[61,111389,72],{"class":71},[61,111391,1235],{"class":75},[61,111393,1321],{"class":79},[61,111395,83],{"class":75},[61,111397,1178],{"class":79},[61,111399,83],{"class":75},[61,111401,950],{"class":79},[61,111403,162],{"class":75},[61,111405,111406],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111407,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,111409,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420,111422,111424],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111411,127],{"class":126},[61,111413,113],{"class":75},[61,111415,100777],{"class":116},[61,111417,26],{"class":75},[61,111419,110609],{"class":116},[61,111421,113],{"class":75},[61,111423,100786],{"class":116},[61,111425,480],{"class":75},[61,111427,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111439],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111429,127],{"class":126},[61,111431,113],{"class":75},[61,111433,110715],{"class":116},[61,111435,111348],{"class":71},[61,111437,111438],{"class":116}," set2",[61,111440,120],{"class":75},[14,111442,287],{},[52,111444,111446],{"className":54,"code":111445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111447,111448,111468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111449,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111451,149],{"class":75},[61,111453,80],{"class":79},[61,111455,83],{"class":75},[61,111457,86],{"class":79},[61,111459,83],{"class":75},[61,111461,1178],{"class":79},[61,111463,83],{"class":75},[61,111465,950],{"class":79},[61,111467,162],{"class":75},[61,111469,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111471,149],{"class":75},[61,111473,80],{"class":79},[61,111475,83],{"class":75},[61,111477,86],{"class":79},[61,111479,83],{"class":75},[61,111481,1178],{"class":79},[61,111483,83],{"class":75},[61,111485,950],{"class":79},[61,111487,162],{"class":75},[14,111489,111490],{},"Both forms:",[34,111492,111493,111496],{},[37,111494,111495],{},"return a new set",[37,111497,111498],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111500,111501],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[47,111503,4747],{"id":4746},[14,111505,21431,111506,378],{},[18,111507,110519],{},[34,111509,111510,111518,111528,111543],{},[37,111511,111512,111515,111517],{},[23,111513,111514],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10067,111516],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[37,111519,111520,111523,111525,111527],{},[23,111521,111522],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10067,111524],{},[18,111526,110519],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[37,111529,111530,111535,111537,111539,111540,111542],{},[23,111531,111532,111533],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111534,100606],{},[10067,111536],{},[18,111538,100606],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111541,110519],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[37,111544,111545,111548,111550],{},[23,111546,111547],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10067,111549],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111552,59087],{},[34,111554,111555,111564,111567,111570],{},[37,111556,50715,111557,44853,111559,111563],{},[18,111558,110519],{},[334,111560,111561],{"href":107744},[18,111562,102991],{}," is actually needed",[37,111565,111566],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[37,111568,111569],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[37,111571,111572],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111574,111575,111576,26],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[334,111577,923],{"href":922},[14,111579,62513],{},[52,111581,111583],{"className":54,"code":111582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111584,111585,111595,111605,111623,111637,111651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111586,111587,111589,111591,111593],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111588,127],{"class":126},[61,111590,113],{"class":75},[61,111592,100777],{"class":116},[61,111594,120],{"class":75},[61,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111598,127],{"class":126},[61,111600,113],{"class":75},[61,111602,100786],{"class":116},[61,111604,120],{"class":75},[61,111606,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111608,127],{"class":126},[61,111610,113],{"class":75},[61,111612,100777],{"class":116},[61,111614,26],{"class":75},[61,111616,110609],{"class":116},[61,111618,113],{"class":75},[61,111620,100786],{"class":116},[61,111622,480],{"class":75},[61,111624,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111626,127],{"class":126},[61,111628,113],{"class":75},[61,111630,110715],{"class":116},[61,111632,111348],{"class":71},[61,111634,111438],{"class":116},[61,111636,120],{"class":75},[61,111638,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647,111649],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111640,127],{"class":126},[61,111642,113],{"class":75},[61,111644,648],{"class":109},[61,111646,113],{"class":75},[61,111648,100777],{"class":116},[61,111650,480],{"class":75},[61,111652,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,111654,127],{"class":126},[61,111656,113],{"class":75},[61,111658,648],{"class":109},[61,111660,113],{"class":75},[61,111662,100786],{"class":116},[61,111664,480],{"class":75},[47,111666,1987],{"id":1986},[819,111668,12927,111670,102931],{"id":111669},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111671,110519],{},[14,111673,102934],{},[819,111675,5408,111677,4621,111679,2735],{"id":111676},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111678,110519],{},[18,111680,100606],{},[14,111682,111683,111685,111686,111688],{},[18,111684,100606],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111687,110519],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[819,111690,28550,111692,111694],{"id":111691},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111693,110519],{}," with lists?",[14,111696,111697],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111699,197],{},[52,111701,111703],{"className":54,"code":111702,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111704,111705,111725,111745,111749,111776],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111706,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111708,80873],{"class":67},[61,111710,72],{"class":71},[61,111712,76],{"class":75},[61,111714,80],{"class":79},[61,111716,83],{"class":75},[61,111718,86],{"class":79},[61,111720,83],{"class":75},[61,111722,95],{"class":79},[61,111724,98],{"class":75},[61,111726,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111728,80894],{"class":67},[61,111730,72],{"class":71},[61,111732,76],{"class":75},[61,111734,1321],{"class":79},[61,111736,83],{"class":75},[61,111738,1178],{"class":79},[61,111740,83],{"class":75},[61,111742,950],{"class":79},[61,111744,98],{"class":75},[61,111746,111747],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111748,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,111750,111751,111753,111755,111757,111759,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111752,869],{"class":67},[61,111754,72],{"class":71},[61,111756,110],{"class":109},[61,111758,113],{"class":75},[61,111760,111761],{"class":116},"list1",[61,111763,8861],{"class":75},[61,111765,110609],{"class":116},[61,111767,113],{"class":75},[61,111769,354],{"class":109},[61,111771,113],{"class":75},[61,111773,81160],{"class":116},[61,111775,480],{"class":75},[61,111777,111778,111780,111782,111784],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111779,127],{"class":126},[61,111781,113],{"class":75},[61,111783,892],{"class":116},[61,111785,120],{"class":75},[14,111787,139],{},[52,111789,111790],{"className":54,"code":110790,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,111791,111792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111793,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111795,149],{"class":75},[61,111797,80],{"class":79},[61,111799,83],{"class":75},[61,111801,86],{"class":79},[61,111803,83],{"class":75},[61,111805,1178],{"class":79},[61,111807,83],{"class":75},[61,111809,950],{"class":79},[61,111811,162],{"class":75},[819,111813,111815],{"id":111814},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111817,111818],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[47,111820,2144],{"id":2143},[34,111822,111823,111827,111832,111838,111844],{},[37,111824,111825],{},[334,111826,337],{"href":336},[37,111828,111829],{},[334,111830,111831],{"href":812},"Creating a set in Python",[37,111833,111834],{},[334,111835,97026,111836,10961],{"href":103032},[18,111837,100606],{},[37,111839,111840],{},[334,111841,97026,111842,10961],{"href":107744},[18,111843,102991],{},[37,111845,111846],{},[334,111847,2159],{"href":922},[14,111849,111850,111851,2437,111853,17293,111855,111857],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111852,100606],{},[18,111854,102991],{},[18,111856,110519],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2169,111859,57466],{},{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":111861},[111862,111863,111865,111866,111867,111868,111870,111872,111874,111875,111884],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":110634,"depth":101,"text":111864},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":110815,"depth":101,"text":110816},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":111063,"depth":101,"text":111869},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111205,"depth":101,"text":111871},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111345,"depth":101,"text":111873},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":111876},[111877,111879,111881,111883],{"id":111669,"depth":123,"text":111878},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111676,"depth":123,"text":111880},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111691,"depth":123,"text":111882},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111814,"depth":123,"text":111815},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110511,"description":111885},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111892,"title":111893,"body":111894,"description":113957,"extension":2216,"meta":113958,"navigation":271,"path":107744,"seo":113959,"stem":113960,"__hash__":113961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111895,"toc":113916},[111896,111901,111906,111909,111922,111924,112006,112011,112016,112020,112032,112035,112039,112041,112068,112070,112081,112084,112153,112155,112161,112164,112174,112176,112265,112270,112272,112279,112282,112284,112287,112407,112409,112478,112481,112498,112503,112506,112622,112624,112653,112656,112662,112667,112671,112752,112754,112782,112787,112791,112886,112888,112929,112933,112936,113003,113005,113046,113052,113067,113074,113081,113085,113091,113177,113181,113189,113260,113265,113272,113274,113280,113282,113347,113349,113365,113370,113373,113442,113446,113449,113508,113511,113515,113568,113581,113584,113637,113641,113643,113674,113677,113682,113735,113739,113742,113763,113775,113777,113830,113832,113837,113839,113845,113848,113854,113859,113863,113866,113874,113883,113885,113913],[10,111897,3808,111899,11542],{"id":111898},"python-setunion-method",[18,111900,108057],{},[14,111902,111903,111905],{},[18,111904,108057],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111907,111908],{},"It is useful when you want:",[34,111910,111911,111914,111919],{},[37,111912,111913],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[37,111915,717,111916,111918],{},[23,111917,100961],{}," as the result",[37,111920,111921],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[47,111923,50],{"id":49},[52,111925,111927],{"className":54,"code":111926,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111928,111929,111949,111969,111973,111991,112001],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,111930,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,111932,110715],{"class":67},[61,111934,72],{"class":71},[61,111936,1235],{"class":75},[61,111938,80],{"class":79},[61,111940,83],{"class":75},[61,111942,86],{"class":79},[61,111944,83],{"class":75},[61,111946,95],{"class":79},[61,111948,162],{"class":75},[61,111950,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,111952,110736],{"class":67},[61,111954,72],{"class":71},[61,111956,1235],{"class":75},[61,111958,1321],{"class":79},[61,111960,83],{"class":75},[61,111962,1178],{"class":79},[61,111964,83],{"class":75},[61,111966,950],{"class":79},[61,111968,162],{"class":75},[61,111970,111971],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,111972,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,111974,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,111976,869],{"class":67},[61,111978,72],{"class":71},[61,111980,110765],{"class":67},[61,111982,26],{"class":75},[61,111984,111283],{"class":116},[61,111986,113],{"class":75},[61,111988,100786],{"class":116},[61,111990,120],{"class":75},[61,111992,111993,111995,111997,111999],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,111994,127],{"class":126},[61,111996,113],{"class":75},[61,111998,892],{"class":116},[61,112000,120],{"class":75},[61,112002,112003],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,112004,112005],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112007,112008,112010],{},[18,112009,102991],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[47,112012,3911,112014,3914],{"id":112013},"what-setunion-does",[18,112015,108057],{},[14,112017,112018,378],{},[18,112019,108057],{},[34,112021,112022,112025,112028,112030],{},[37,112023,112024],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[37,112026,112027],{},"keeps only unique values",[37,112029,110645],{},[37,112031,110654],{},[14,112033,112034],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112036,96541,112037,26],{},[334,112038,337],{"href":97710},[47,112040,341],{"id":340},[52,112042,112044],{"className":54,"code":112043,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,112045,112046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112047,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112049,100777],{"class":67},[61,112051,26],{"class":75},[61,112053,111283],{"class":116},[61,112055,113],{"class":75},[61,112057,100786],{"class":116},[61,112059,83],{"class":75},[61,112061,100813],{"class":116},[61,112063,83],{"class":75},[61,112065,34676],{"class":126},[61,112067,120],{"class":75},[14,112069,13276],{},[34,112071,112072,112075,112078],{},[37,112073,112074],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[37,112076,112077],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[37,112079,112080],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112082,112083],{},"Example with two sets:",[52,112085,112087],{"className":54,"code":112086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112088,112089,112105,112121,112125,112143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112092,717],{"class":67},[61,112094,72],{"class":71},[61,112096,1235],{"class":75},[61,112098,80],{"class":79},[61,112100,83],{"class":75},[61,112102,86],{"class":79},[61,112104,162],{"class":75},[61,112106,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112108,728],{"class":67},[61,112110,72],{"class":71},[61,112112,1235],{"class":75},[61,112114,2310],{"class":79},[61,112116,83],{"class":75},[61,112118,95],{"class":79},[61,112120,162],{"class":75},[61,112122,112123],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112124,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112128,869],{"class":67},[61,112130,72],{"class":71},[61,112132,57112],{"class":67},[61,112134,26],{"class":75},[61,112136,111283],{"class":116},[61,112138,113],{"class":75},[61,112140,765],{"class":116},[61,112142,120],{"class":75},[61,112144,112145,112147,112149,112151],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112146,127],{"class":126},[61,112148,113],{"class":75},[61,112150,892],{"class":116},[61,112152,120],{"class":75},[47,112154,22190],{"id":22189},[14,112156,112157,100958,112159,26],{},[18,112158,108057],{},[23,112160,100961],{},[14,112162,112163],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[34,112165,112166,112169],{},[37,112167,112168],{},"the original set",[37,112170,112171,112172],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112173,102991],{},[14,112175,197],{},[52,112177,112179],{"className":54,"code":112178,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112180,112181,112197,112213,112217,112235,112239,112252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112182,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112184,717],{"class":67},[61,112186,72],{"class":71},[61,112188,1235],{"class":75},[61,112190,80],{"class":79},[61,112192,83],{"class":75},[61,112194,86],{"class":79},[61,112196,162],{"class":75},[61,112198,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112200,728],{"class":67},[61,112202,72],{"class":71},[61,112204,1235],{"class":75},[61,112206,2310],{"class":79},[61,112208,83],{"class":75},[61,112210,95],{"class":79},[61,112212,162],{"class":75},[61,112214,112215],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112216,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112218,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112220,869],{"class":67},[61,112222,72],{"class":71},[61,112224,57112],{"class":67},[61,112226,26],{"class":75},[61,112228,111283],{"class":116},[61,112230,113],{"class":75},[61,112232,765],{"class":116},[61,112234,120],{"class":75},[61,112236,112237],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112238,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112240,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,112242,127],{"class":126},[61,112244,113],{"class":75},[61,112246,892],{"class":116},[61,112248,3893],{"class":75},[61,112250,112251],{"class":3896},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,112253,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,112255,127],{"class":126},[61,112257,113],{"class":75},[61,112259,334],{"class":116},[61,112261,3893],{"class":75},[61,112263,112264],{"class":3896},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112266,325,112267,112269],{},[18,112268,334],{}," did not change.",[14,112271,110887],{},[34,112273,112274,112276],{},[37,112275,110892],{},[37,112277,112278],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112280,112281],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[47,112283,11696],{"id":11695},[14,112285,112286],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[52,112288,112290],{"className":54,"code":112289,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112291,112292,112325,112358,112362,112382,112386,112396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112293,112294,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112295,112296],{"class":67},"fruits1 ",[61,112298,72],{"class":71},[61,112300,1235],{"class":75},[61,112302,215],{"class":214},[61,112304,2042],{"class":218},[61,112306,215],{"class":214},[61,112308,83],{"class":75},[61,112310,226],{"class":214},[61,112312,1040],{"class":218},[61,112314,215],{"class":214},[61,112316,83],{"class":75},[61,112318,226],{"class":214},[61,112320,33442],{"class":218},[61,112322,215],{"class":214},[61,112324,162],{"class":75},[61,112326,112327,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112328,112329],{"class":67},"fruits2 ",[61,112331,72],{"class":71},[61,112333,1235],{"class":75},[61,112335,215],{"class":214},[61,112337,1040],{"class":218},[61,112339,215],{"class":214},[61,112341,83],{"class":75},[61,112343,226],{"class":214},[61,112345,22753],{"class":218},[61,112347,215],{"class":214},[61,112349,83],{"class":75},[61,112351,226],{"class":214},[61,112353,33442],{"class":218},[61,112355,215],{"class":214},[61,112357,162],{"class":75},[61,112359,112360],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112361,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112363,112364,112366,112368,112371,112373,112375,112377,112380],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112365,869],{"class":67},[61,112367,72],{"class":71},[61,112369,112370],{"class":67}," fruits1",[61,112372,26],{"class":75},[61,112374,111283],{"class":116},[61,112376,113],{"class":75},[61,112378,112379],{"class":116},"fruits2",[61,112381,120],{"class":75},[61,112383,112384],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112385,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,112389,127],{"class":126},[61,112391,113],{"class":75},[61,112393,892],{"class":116},[61,112395,120],{"class":75},[61,112397,112398,112400,112402,112405],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,112399,127],{"class":126},[61,112401,113],{"class":75},[61,112403,112404],{"class":116},"fruits1",[61,112406,120],{"class":75},[14,112408,287],{},[52,112410,112412],{"className":54,"code":112411,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112413,112414,112450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112415,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112417,149],{"class":75},[61,112419,299],{"class":214},[61,112421,1040],{"class":218},[61,112423,299],{"class":214},[61,112425,83],{"class":75},[61,112427,308],{"class":214},[61,112429,33442],{"class":218},[61,112431,299],{"class":214},[61,112433,83],{"class":75},[61,112435,308],{"class":214},[61,112437,2042],{"class":218},[61,112439,299],{"class":214},[61,112441,83],{"class":75},[61,112443,308],{"class":214},[61,112445,22753],{"class":218},[61,112447,299],{"class":214},[61,112449,162],{"class":75},[61,112451,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112453,149],{"class":75},[61,112455,299],{"class":214},[61,112457,1040],{"class":218},[61,112459,299],{"class":214},[61,112461,83],{"class":75},[61,112463,308],{"class":214},[61,112465,33442],{"class":218},[61,112467,299],{"class":214},[61,112469,83],{"class":75},[61,112471,308],{"class":214},[61,112473,2042],{"class":218},[61,112475,299],{"class":214},[61,112477,162],{"class":75},[14,112479,112480],{},"What this shows:",[34,112482,112483,112490,112493],{},[37,112484,112485,4621,112487,112489],{},[18,112486,65492],{},[18,112488,65918],{}," appear in both sets",[37,112491,112492],{},"they appear only once in the result",[37,112494,112495,112497],{},[18,112496,112404],{}," stays unchanged",[47,112499,1750,112501,101350],{"id":112500},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112502,102991],{},[14,112504,112505],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[52,112507,112509],{"className":54,"code":112508,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112510,112511,112527,112543,112560,112577,112581,112608,112612],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112512,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112514,110715],{"class":67},[61,112516,72],{"class":71},[61,112518,1235],{"class":75},[61,112520,80],{"class":79},[61,112522,83],{"class":75},[61,112524,86],{"class":79},[61,112526,162],{"class":75},[61,112528,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112530,110736],{"class":67},[61,112532,72],{"class":71},[61,112534,1235],{"class":75},[61,112536,2310],{"class":79},[61,112538,83],{"class":75},[61,112540,95],{"class":79},[61,112542,162],{"class":75},[61,112544,112545,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112546,112547],{"class":67},"set3 ",[61,112549,72],{"class":71},[61,112551,1235],{"class":75},[61,112553,1321],{"class":79},[61,112555,83],{"class":75},[61,112557,1178],{"class":79},[61,112559,162],{"class":75},[61,112561,112562,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112563,112564],{"class":67},"set4 ",[61,112566,72],{"class":71},[61,112568,1235],{"class":75},[61,112570,498],{"class":79},[61,112572,83],{"class":75},[61,112574,950],{"class":79},[61,112576,162],{"class":75},[61,112578,112579],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112580,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112582,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112606],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,112584,869],{"class":67},[61,112586,72],{"class":71},[61,112588,110765],{"class":67},[61,112590,26],{"class":75},[61,112592,111283],{"class":116},[61,112594,113],{"class":75},[61,112596,100786],{"class":116},[61,112598,83],{"class":75},[61,112600,100813],{"class":116},[61,112602,83],{"class":75},[61,112604,112605],{"class":116}," set4",[61,112607,120],{"class":75},[61,112609,112610],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,112611,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,112615,127],{"class":126},[61,112617,113],{"class":75},[61,112619,892],{"class":116},[61,112621,120],{"class":75},[14,112623,287],{},[52,112625,112627],{"className":54,"code":112626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112628,112629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112632,149],{"class":75},[61,112634,80],{"class":79},[61,112636,83],{"class":75},[61,112638,86],{"class":79},[61,112640,83],{"class":75},[61,112642,95],{"class":79},[61,112644,83],{"class":75},[61,112646,1178],{"class":79},[61,112648,83],{"class":75},[61,112650,950],{"class":79},[61,112652,162],{"class":75},[14,112654,112655],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[47,112657,1750,112659,112661],{"id":112658},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112660,102991],{}," with other iterables",[14,112663,112664,112666],{},[18,112665,102991],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[819,112668,112670],{"id":112669},"with-a-list","With a list",[52,112672,112674],{"className":54,"code":112673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112675,112676,112696,112720,112724,112742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112677,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112679,68],{"class":67},[61,112681,72],{"class":71},[61,112683,1235],{"class":75},[61,112685,80],{"class":79},[61,112687,83],{"class":75},[61,112689,86],{"class":79},[61,112691,83],{"class":75},[61,112693,95],{"class":79},[61,112695,162],{"class":75},[61,112697,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112699,61266],{"class":67},[61,112701,72],{"class":71},[61,112703,76],{"class":75},[61,112705,1321],{"class":79},[61,112707,83],{"class":75},[61,112709,1178],{"class":79},[61,112711,83],{"class":75},[61,112713,950],{"class":79},[61,112715,83],{"class":75},[61,112717,950],{"class":79},[61,112719,98],{"class":75},[61,112721,112722],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112723,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112727,869],{"class":67},[61,112729,72],{"class":71},[61,112731,4490],{"class":67},[61,112733,26],{"class":75},[61,112735,111283],{"class":116},[61,112737,113],{"class":75},[61,112739,61295],{"class":116},[61,112741,120],{"class":75},[61,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112745,127],{"class":126},[61,112747,113],{"class":75},[61,112749,892],{"class":116},[61,112751,120],{"class":75},[14,112753,287],{},[52,112755,112756],{"className":54,"code":112626,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,112757,112758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112759,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112761,149],{"class":75},[61,112763,80],{"class":79},[61,112765,83],{"class":75},[61,112767,86],{"class":79},[61,112769,83],{"class":75},[61,112771,95],{"class":79},[61,112773,83],{"class":75},[61,112775,1178],{"class":79},[61,112777,83],{"class":75},[61,112779,950],{"class":79},[61,112781,162],{"class":75},[14,112783,21198,112784,112786],{},[18,112785,945],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[819,112788,112790],{"id":112789},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[52,112792,112794],{"className":54,"code":112793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112795,112796,112820,112853,112857,112876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112797,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112799,36312],{"class":67},[61,112801,72],{"class":71},[61,112803,1235],{"class":75},[61,112805,215],{"class":214},[61,112807,334],{"class":218},[61,112809,215],{"class":214},[61,112811,83],{"class":75},[61,112813,226],{"class":214},[61,112815,765],{"class":218},[61,112817,215],{"class":214},[61,112819,162],{"class":75},[61,112821,112822,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112823,112824],{"class":67},"more_letters ",[61,112826,72],{"class":71},[61,112828,942],{"class":75},[61,112830,215],{"class":214},[61,112832,765],{"class":218},[61,112834,215],{"class":214},[61,112836,83],{"class":75},[61,112838,226],{"class":214},[61,112840,9961],{"class":218},[61,112842,215],{"class":214},[61,112844,83],{"class":75},[61,112846,226],{"class":214},[61,112848,18987],{"class":218},[61,112850,215],{"class":214},[61,112852,120],{"class":75},[61,112854,112855],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112856,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112874],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112860,869],{"class":67},[61,112862,72],{"class":71},[61,112864,70313],{"class":67},[61,112866,26],{"class":75},[61,112868,111283],{"class":116},[61,112870,113],{"class":75},[61,112872,112873],{"class":116},"more_letters",[61,112875,120],{"class":75},[61,112877,112878,112880,112882,112884],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,112879,127],{"class":126},[61,112881,113],{"class":75},[61,112883,892],{"class":116},[61,112885,120],{"class":75},[14,112887,287],{},[52,112889,112891],{"className":54,"code":112890,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112892,112893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112894,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112896,149],{"class":75},[61,112898,299],{"class":214},[61,112900,334],{"class":218},[61,112902,299],{"class":214},[61,112904,83],{"class":75},[61,112906,308],{"class":214},[61,112908,765],{"class":218},[61,112910,299],{"class":214},[61,112912,83],{"class":75},[61,112914,308],{"class":214},[61,112916,9961],{"class":218},[61,112918,299],{"class":214},[61,112920,83],{"class":75},[61,112922,308],{"class":214},[61,112924,18987],{"class":218},[61,112926,299],{"class":214},[61,112928,162],{"class":75},[819,112930,112932],{"id":112931},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112934,112935],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[52,112937,112939],{"className":54,"code":112938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112940,112941,112966,112989,112993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,112942,112943,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,112944,112945],{"class":67},"chars ",[61,112947,72],{"class":71},[61,112949,1235],{"class":75},[61,112951,215],{"class":214},[61,112953,334],{"class":218},[61,112955,215],{"class":214},[61,112957,83],{"class":75},[61,112959,226],{"class":214},[61,112961,765],{"class":218},[61,112963,215],{"class":214},[61,112965,162],{"class":75},[61,112967,112968,112970,112972,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,112969,869],{"class":67},[61,112971,72],{"class":71},[61,112973,112974],{"class":67}," chars",[61,112976,26],{"class":75},[61,112978,111283],{"class":116},[61,112980,113],{"class":75},[61,112982,215],{"class":214},[61,112984,37269],{"class":218},[61,112986,215],{"class":214},[61,112988,120],{"class":75},[61,112990,112991],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,112992,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,112994,112995,112997,112999,113001],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,112996,127],{"class":126},[61,112998,113],{"class":75},[61,113000,892],{"class":116},[61,113002,120],{"class":75},[14,113004,287],{},[52,113006,113008],{"className":54,"code":113007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,113009,113010],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113011,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113013,149],{"class":75},[61,113015,299],{"class":214},[61,113017,334],{"class":218},[61,113019,299],{"class":214},[61,113021,83],{"class":75},[61,113023,308],{"class":214},[61,113025,765],{"class":218},[61,113027,299],{"class":214},[61,113029,83],{"class":75},[61,113031,308],{"class":214},[61,113033,9961],{"class":218},[61,113035,299],{"class":214},[61,113037,83],{"class":75},[61,113039,308],{"class":214},[61,113041,63505],{"class":218},[61,113043,299],{"class":214},[61,113045,162],{"class":75},[14,113047,22409,113048,113051],{},[18,113049,113050],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[34,113053,113054,113058,113062],{},[37,113055,113056],{},[18,113057,66698],{},[37,113059,113060],{},[18,113061,18315],{},[37,113063,113064],{},[18,113065,113066],{},"\"t\"",[47,113068,113070,10806,113072],{"id":113069},"union-vs-update",[18,113071,102991],{},[18,113073,15175],{},[14,113075,113076,4621,113078,113080],{},[18,113077,102991],{},[18,113079,15175],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[819,113082,113083],{"id":111283},[18,113084,102991],{},[34,113086,113087,113089],{},[37,113088,110645],{},[37,113090,110654],{},[52,113092,113093],{"className":54,"code":112178,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,113094,113095,113111,113127,113131,113149,113153,113165],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113096,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113098,717],{"class":67},[61,113100,72],{"class":71},[61,113102,1235],{"class":75},[61,113104,80],{"class":79},[61,113106,83],{"class":75},[61,113108,86],{"class":79},[61,113110,162],{"class":75},[61,113112,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113114,728],{"class":67},[61,113116,72],{"class":71},[61,113118,1235],{"class":75},[61,113120,2310],{"class":79},[61,113122,83],{"class":75},[61,113124,95],{"class":79},[61,113126,162],{"class":75},[61,113128,113129],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113130,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113132,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113134,869],{"class":67},[61,113136,72],{"class":71},[61,113138,57112],{"class":67},[61,113140,26],{"class":75},[61,113142,111283],{"class":116},[61,113144,113],{"class":75},[61,113146,765],{"class":116},[61,113148,120],{"class":75},[61,113150,113151],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,113152,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113154,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,113156,127],{"class":126},[61,113158,113],{"class":75},[61,113160,892],{"class":116},[61,113162,3893],{"class":75},[61,113164,112251],{"class":3896},[61,113166,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,113168,127],{"class":126},[61,113170,113],{"class":75},[61,113172,334],{"class":116},[61,113174,3893],{"class":75},[61,113176,112264],{"class":3896},[819,113178,113179],{"id":30685},[18,113180,15175],{},[34,113182,113183,113186],{},[37,113184,113185],{},"changes the existing set in place",[37,113187,113188],{},"does not create a separate result set",[52,113190,113192],{"className":54,"code":113191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113193,113194,113210,113226,113230,113244,113248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113195,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206,113208],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113197,717],{"class":67},[61,113199,72],{"class":71},[61,113201,1235],{"class":75},[61,113203,80],{"class":79},[61,113205,83],{"class":75},[61,113207,86],{"class":79},[61,113209,162],{"class":75},[61,113211,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113213,728],{"class":67},[61,113215,72],{"class":71},[61,113217,1235],{"class":75},[61,113219,2310],{"class":79},[61,113221,83],{"class":75},[61,113223,95],{"class":79},[61,113225,162],{"class":75},[61,113227,113228],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113229,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113231,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113233,334],{"class":67},[61,113235,26],{"class":75},[61,113237,30685],{"class":116},[61,113239,113],{"class":75},[61,113241,765],{"class":116},[61,113243,120],{"class":75},[61,113245,113246],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,113247,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113249,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,113251,127],{"class":126},[61,113253,113],{"class":75},[61,113255,334],{"class":116},[61,113257,3893],{"class":75},[61,113259,112251],{"class":3896},[14,113261,165,113262,113264],{},[18,113263,102991],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113266,113267,113268,26],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[334,113269,3808,113270,10961],{"href":98725},[18,113271,97525],{},[47,113273,4747],{"id":4746},[819,113275,1864,113277,113279],{"id":113276},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113278,102991],{}," to change the original set",[14,113281,82042],{},[52,113283,113285],{"className":54,"code":113284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113286,113287,113303,113319,113323,113337],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113288,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113290,717],{"class":67},[61,113292,72],{"class":71},[61,113294,1235],{"class":75},[61,113296,80],{"class":79},[61,113298,83],{"class":75},[61,113300,86],{"class":79},[61,113302,162],{"class":75},[61,113304,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113306,728],{"class":67},[61,113308,72],{"class":71},[61,113310,1235],{"class":75},[61,113312,2310],{"class":79},[61,113314,83],{"class":75},[61,113316,95],{"class":79},[61,113318,162],{"class":75},[61,113320,113321],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113322,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113324,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113326,334],{"class":67},[61,113328,26],{"class":75},[61,113330,111283],{"class":116},[61,113332,113],{"class":75},[61,113334,765],{"class":116},[61,113336,120],{"class":75},[61,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,113340,127],{"class":126},[61,113342,113],{"class":75},[61,113344,334],{"class":116},[61,113346,120],{"class":75},[14,113348,139],{},[52,113350,113351],{"className":54,"code":100699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,113352,113353],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113354,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113356,149],{"class":75},[61,113358,80],{"class":79},[61,113360,83],{"class":75},[61,113362,86],{"class":79},[61,113364,162],{"class":75},[14,113366,8725,113367,113369],{},[18,113368,102991],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113371,113372],{},"Fix it like this:",[52,113374,113376],{"className":54,"code":113375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113377,113378,113394,113410,113414,113432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113379,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113381,717],{"class":67},[61,113383,72],{"class":71},[61,113385,1235],{"class":75},[61,113387,80],{"class":79},[61,113389,83],{"class":75},[61,113391,86],{"class":79},[61,113393,162],{"class":75},[61,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113397,728],{"class":67},[61,113399,72],{"class":71},[61,113401,1235],{"class":75},[61,113403,2310],{"class":79},[61,113405,83],{"class":75},[61,113407,95],{"class":79},[61,113409,162],{"class":75},[61,113411,113412],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113413,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113415,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113417,717],{"class":67},[61,113419,72],{"class":71},[61,113421,57112],{"class":67},[61,113423,26],{"class":75},[61,113425,111283],{"class":116},[61,113427,113],{"class":75},[61,113429,765],{"class":116},[61,113431,120],{"class":75},[61,113433,113434,113436,113438,113440],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,113435,127],{"class":126},[61,113437,113],{"class":75},[61,113439,334],{"class":116},[61,113441,120],{"class":75},[819,113443,113445],{"id":113444},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113447,113448],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[52,113450,113452],{"className":54,"code":113451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113453,113454,113470,113486,113490],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113457,717],{"class":67},[61,113459,72],{"class":71},[61,113461,1235],{"class":75},[61,113463,1321],{"class":79},[61,113465,83],{"class":75},[61,113467,587],{"class":79},[61,113469,162],{"class":75},[61,113471,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113473,728],{"class":67},[61,113475,72],{"class":71},[61,113477,1235],{"class":75},[61,113479,2310],{"class":79},[61,113481,83],{"class":75},[61,113483,1178],{"class":79},[61,113485,162],{"class":75},[61,113487,113488],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113489,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,113491,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113493,127],{"class":126},[61,113495,113],{"class":75},[61,113497,334],{"class":116},[61,113499,26],{"class":75},[61,113501,111283],{"class":116},[61,113503,113],{"class":75},[61,113505,765],{"class":116},[61,113507,480],{"class":75},[14,113509,113510],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[819,113512,113514],{"id":113513},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[52,113516,113518],{"className":54,"code":113517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113519,113520,113536,113558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113521,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113523,4298],{"class":67},[61,113525,72],{"class":71},[61,113527,1235],{"class":75},[61,113529,215],{"class":214},[61,113531,58352],{"class":218},[61,113533,215],{"class":214},[61,113535,162],{"class":75},[61,113537,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113539,869],{"class":67},[61,113541,72],{"class":71},[61,113543,6396],{"class":67},[61,113545,26],{"class":75},[61,113547,111283],{"class":116},[61,113549,113],{"class":75},[61,113551,215],{"class":214},[61,113553,37269],{"class":218},[61,113555,215],{"class":214},[61,113557,120],{"class":75},[61,113559,113560,113562,113564,113566],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113561,127],{"class":126},[61,113563,113],{"class":75},[61,113565,892],{"class":116},[61,113567,120],{"class":75},[14,113569,113570,113571,2437,113573,17293,113575,113577,113578,113580],{},"This adds ",[18,113572,66698],{},[18,113574,18315],{},[18,113576,113066],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113579,113050],{}," as one item.",[14,113582,113583],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[52,113585,113587],{"className":54,"code":113586,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113588,113589,113605,113627],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113592,4298],{"class":67},[61,113594,72],{"class":71},[61,113596,1235],{"class":75},[61,113598,215],{"class":214},[61,113600,58352],{"class":218},[61,113602,215],{"class":214},[61,113604,162],{"class":75},[61,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113608,869],{"class":67},[61,113610,72],{"class":71},[61,113612,6396],{"class":67},[61,113614,26],{"class":75},[61,113616,111283],{"class":116},[61,113618,416],{"class":75},[61,113620,215],{"class":214},[61,113622,37269],{"class":218},[61,113624,215],{"class":214},[61,113626,1474],{"class":75},[61,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113630,127],{"class":126},[61,113632,113],{"class":75},[61,113634,892],{"class":116},[61,113636,120],{"class":75},[819,113638,113640],{"id":113639},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113642,3077],{},[52,113644,113646],{"className":54,"code":113645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113647,113648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113649,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113651,15850],{"class":67},[61,113653,72],{"class":71},[61,113655,1235],{"class":75},[61,113657,80],{"class":79},[61,113659,83],{"class":75},[61,113661,86],{"class":79},[61,113663,83],{"class":75},[61,113665,76],{"class":75},[61,113667,1321],{"class":79},[61,113669,83],{"class":75},[61,113671,1178],{"class":79},[61,113673,1328],{"class":75},[14,113675,113676],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113678,113679,113680,378],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113681,102991],{},[52,113683,113685],{"className":54,"code":113684,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113686,113687,113703,113725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113688,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113690,15850],{"class":67},[61,113692,72],{"class":71},[61,113694,1235],{"class":75},[61,113696,80],{"class":79},[61,113698,83],{"class":75},[61,113700,86],{"class":79},[61,113702,162],{"class":75},[61,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113706,869],{"class":67},[61,113708,72],{"class":71},[61,113710,97136],{"class":67},[61,113712,26],{"class":75},[61,113714,111283],{"class":116},[61,113716,416],{"class":75},[61,113718,1321],{"class":79},[61,113720,83],{"class":75},[61,113722,1178],{"class":79},[61,113724,1474],{"class":75},[61,113726,113727,113729,113731,113733],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113728,127],{"class":126},[61,113730,113],{"class":75},[61,113732,892],{"class":116},[61,113734,120],{"class":75},[47,113736,113738],{"id":113737},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113740,113741],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[34,113743,113744,113750,113757,113760],{},[37,113745,113746,113747,113749],{},"call ",[18,113748,102991],{}," without saving the returned set",[37,113751,113752,113753,1877,113755],{},"confuse ",[18,113754,102991],{},[18,113756,15175],{},[37,113758,113759],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[37,113761,113762],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113764,113765,113766,4621,113770,26],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[334,113767,3808,113768,10961],{"href":102980},[18,113769,106587],{},[334,113771,3808,113773,10961],{"href":113772},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113774,100611],{},[14,113776,62513],{},[52,113778,113780],{"className":54,"code":113779,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113781,113782,113792,113806,113816],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113783,113784,113786,113788,113790],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113785,127],{"class":126},[61,113787,113],{"class":75},[61,113789,1937],{"class":116},[61,113791,120],{"class":75},[61,113793,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,113795,127],{"class":126},[61,113797,113],{"class":75},[61,113799,648],{"class":109},[61,113801,113],{"class":75},[61,113803,1937],{"class":116},[61,113805,480],{"class":75},[61,113807,113808,113810,113812,113814],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,113809,127],{"class":126},[61,113811,113],{"class":75},[61,113813,892],{"class":116},[61,113815,120],{"class":75},[61,113817,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,113819,32373],{"class":126},[61,113821,113],{"class":75},[61,113823,354],{"class":109},[61,113825,26],{"class":75},[61,113827,111283],{"class":24971},[61,113829,120],{"class":75},[47,113831,1987],{"id":1986},[819,113833,12927,113835,102931],{"id":113834},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113836,108057],{},[14,113838,102934],{},[819,113840,5398,113842,113844],{"id":113841},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113843,102991],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113846,113847],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[819,113849,28550,113851,113853],{"id":113850},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113852,102991],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113855,42375,113856,113858],{},[18,113857,102991],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[819,113860,113862],{"id":113861},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113864,113865],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[819,113867,5408,113869,4621,113871,2735],{"id":113868},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113870,102991],{},[18,113872,113873],{},"|",[14,113875,113876,113877,113879,113880,113882],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113878,113873],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113881,102991],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[47,113884,2144],{"id":2143},[34,113886,113887,113891,113897,113903,113909],{},[37,113888,113889],{},[334,113890,337],{"href":97710},[37,113892,113893],{},[334,113894,3808,113895,10961],{"href":98725},[18,113896,97525],{},[37,113898,113899],{},[334,113900,3808,113901,10961],{"href":102980},[18,113902,106587],{},[37,113904,113905],{},[334,113906,3808,113907,10961],{"href":113772},[18,113908,100611],{},[37,113910,113911],{},[334,113912,2159],{"href":99283},[2169,113914,113915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":113917},[113918,113919,113921,113922,113923,113924,113926,113932,113937,113944,113945,113956],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":112013,"depth":101,"text":113920},"What set.union() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":22189,"depth":101,"text":22190},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":112500,"depth":101,"text":113925},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112658,"depth":101,"text":113927,"children":113928},"Using union() with other iterables",[113929,113930,113931],{"id":112669,"depth":123,"text":112670},{"id":112789,"depth":123,"text":112790},{"id":112931,"depth":123,"text":112932},{"id":113069,"depth":101,"text":113933,"children":113934},"union() vs update()",[113935,113936],{"id":111283,"depth":123,"text":102991},{"id":30685,"depth":123,"text":15175},{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":113938},[113939,113941,113942,113943],{"id":113276,"depth":123,"text":113940},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113444,"depth":123,"text":113445},{"id":113513,"depth":123,"text":113514},{"id":113639,"depth":123,"text":113640},{"id":113737,"depth":101,"text":113738},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":113946},[113947,113949,113951,113953,113954],{"id":113834,"depth":123,"text":113948},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113841,"depth":123,"text":113950},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113850,"depth":123,"text":113952},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113861,"depth":123,"text":113862},{"id":113868,"depth":123,"text":113955},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111893,"description":113957},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113963,"title":113964,"body":113965,"description":115854,"extension":2216,"meta":115855,"navigation":271,"path":97025,"seo":115856,"stem":115857,"__hash__":115858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113966,"toc":115820},[113967,113972,113977,113985,113987,114045,114050,114055,114059,114071,114074,114148,114153,114155,114157,114176,114178,114195,114198,114225,114227,114297,114301,114303,114309,114311,114372,114377,114379,114436,114440,114445,114510,114512,114532,114539,114543,114548,114633,114636,114643,114746,114750,114755,114813,114816,114827,114841,114848,114906,114913,114916,114926,114930,114988,114992,115058,115061,115119,115126,115133,115136,115140,115149,115218,115222,115228,115316,115326,115330,115334,115338,115341,115402,115407,115464,115468,115470,115505,115512,115514,115568,115575,115579,115582,115647,115656,115662,115719,115721,115726,115730,115734,115737,115744,115752,115756,115761,115765,115771,115773,115808,115817],[10,113968,96417,113970,11542],{"id":113969},"python-set-update-method",[18,113971,15175],{},[14,113973,113974,113976],{},[18,113975,97525],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113978,113979,113980,113984],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[334,113981,113982],{"href":98706},[18,113983,96425],{},", which adds only one item.",[47,113986,3842],{"id":3841},[52,113988,113990],{"className":54,"code":113989,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113991,113992,114008,114030,114040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,113993,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,113995,68],{"class":67},[61,113997,72],{"class":71},[61,113999,1235],{"class":75},[61,114001,80],{"class":79},[61,114003,83],{"class":75},[61,114005,86],{"class":79},[61,114007,162],{"class":75},[61,114009,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024,114026,114028],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114011,117],{"class":67},[61,114013,26],{"class":75},[61,114015,30685],{"class":116},[61,114017,416],{"class":75},[61,114019,2310],{"class":79},[61,114021,83],{"class":75},[61,114023,95],{"class":79},[61,114025,83],{"class":75},[61,114027,1178],{"class":79},[61,114029,1474],{"class":75},[61,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114033,127],{"class":126},[61,114035,113],{"class":75},[61,114037,117],{"class":116},[61,114039,120],{"class":75},[61,114041,114042],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114043,114044],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114046,165,114047,114049],{},[18,114048,15175],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[47,114051,3911,114053,3914],{"id":114052},"what-setupdate-does",[18,114054,97525],{},[14,114056,114057,378],{},[18,114058,97525],{},[34,114060,114061,114064,114066,114069],{},[37,114062,114063],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[37,114065,96532],{},[37,114067,114068],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[37,114070,96535],{},[14,114072,114073],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[52,114075,114077],{"className":54,"code":114076,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114078,114079,114103,114129,114133,114143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114080,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114082,207],{"class":67},[61,114084,72],{"class":71},[61,114086,1235],{"class":75},[61,114088,215],{"class":214},[61,114090,219],{"class":218},[61,114092,215],{"class":214},[61,114094,83],{"class":75},[61,114096,226],{"class":214},[61,114098,229],{"class":218},[61,114100,215],{"class":214},[61,114102,162],{"class":75},[61,114104,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114106,264],{"class":67},[61,114108,26],{"class":75},[61,114110,30685],{"class":116},[61,114112,416],{"class":75},[61,114114,215],{"class":214},[61,114116,229],{"class":218},[61,114118,215],{"class":214},[61,114120,83],{"class":75},[61,114122,226],{"class":214},[61,114124,246],{"class":218},[61,114126,215],{"class":214},[61,114128,1474],{"class":75},[61,114130,114131],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114132,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114134,114135,114137,114139,114141],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114136,127],{"class":126},[61,114138,113],{"class":75},[61,114140,264],{"class":116},[61,114142,120],{"class":75},[61,114144,114145],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114146,114147],{"class":3896},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114149,21198,114150,114152],{},[18,114151,111048],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[47,114154,341],{"id":340},[14,114156,7448],{},[52,114158,114160],{"className":54,"code":114159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114161,114162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114163,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114165,1937],{"class":67},[61,114167,26],{"class":75},[61,114169,30685],{"class":116},[61,114171,113],{"class":75},[61,114173,359],{"class":116},[61,114175,120],{"class":75},[14,114177,80418],{},[34,114179,114180,114183,114186,114189,114192],{},[37,114181,114182],{},"A list",[37,114184,114185],{},"A tuple",[37,114187,114188],{},"Another set",[37,114190,114191],{},"A string",[37,114193,114194],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114196,114197],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[52,114199,114201],{"className":54,"code":114200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114202,114203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114204,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114206,1937],{"class":67},[61,114208,26],{"class":75},[61,114210,30685],{"class":116},[61,114212,113],{"class":75},[61,114214,334],{"class":116},[61,114216,83],{"class":75},[61,114218,2801],{"class":116},[61,114220,83],{"class":75},[61,114222,9903],{"class":116},[61,114224,120],{"class":75},[14,114226,197],{},[52,114228,114230],{"className":54,"code":114229,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114231,114232,114244,114278,114282,114292],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114233,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114235,937],{"class":67},[61,114237,72],{"class":71},[61,114239,1235],{"class":75},[61,114241,80],{"class":79},[61,114243,162],{"class":75},[61,114245,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114247,974],{"class":67},[61,114249,26],{"class":75},[61,114251,30685],{"class":116},[61,114253,416],{"class":75},[61,114255,2310],{"class":79},[61,114257,83],{"class":75},[61,114259,95],{"class":79},[61,114261,1316],{"class":75},[61,114263,942],{"class":75},[61,114265,498],{"class":79},[61,114267,83],{"class":75},[61,114269,950],{"class":79},[61,114271,1362],{"class":75},[61,114273,1235],{"class":75},[61,114275,80809],{"class":79},[61,114277,30717],{"class":75},[61,114279,114280],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114281,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114283,114284,114286,114288,114290],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114285,127],{"class":126},[61,114287,113],{"class":75},[61,114289,974],{"class":116},[61,114291,120],{"class":75},[61,114293,114294],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114295,114296],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114298,96541,114299,26],{},[334,114300,96546],{"href":98094},[47,114302,22190],{"id":22189},[14,114304,114305,2642,114307,26],{},[18,114306,97525],{},[18,114308,4012],{},[14,114310,11936],{},[52,114312,114314],{"className":54,"code":114313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114315,114316,114332,114354,114358,114368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114319,68],{"class":67},[61,114321,72],{"class":71},[61,114323,1235],{"class":75},[61,114325,80],{"class":79},[61,114327,83],{"class":75},[61,114329,86],{"class":79},[61,114331,162],{"class":75},[61,114333,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114335,869],{"class":67},[61,114337,72],{"class":71},[61,114339,4490],{"class":67},[61,114341,26],{"class":75},[61,114343,30685],{"class":116},[61,114345,416],{"class":75},[61,114347,1321],{"class":79},[61,114349,83],{"class":75},[61,114351,1178],{"class":79},[61,114353,1474],{"class":75},[61,114355,114356],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114357,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114361,127],{"class":126},[61,114363,113],{"class":75},[61,114365,892],{"class":116},[61,114367,120],{"class":75},[61,114369,114370],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114371,62049],{"class":3896},[14,114373,114374,114375,26],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114376,892],{},[14,114378,19188],{},[52,114380,114382],{"className":54,"code":114381,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114383,114384,114400,114418,114422,114432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114387,68],{"class":67},[61,114389,72],{"class":71},[61,114391,1235],{"class":75},[61,114393,80],{"class":79},[61,114395,83],{"class":75},[61,114397,86],{"class":79},[61,114399,162],{"class":75},[61,114401,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114403,117],{"class":67},[61,114405,26],{"class":75},[61,114407,30685],{"class":116},[61,114409,416],{"class":75},[61,114411,1321],{"class":79},[61,114413,83],{"class":75},[61,114415,1178],{"class":79},[61,114417,1474],{"class":75},[61,114419,114420],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114421,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114423,114424,114426,114428,114430],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114425,127],{"class":126},[61,114427,113],{"class":75},[61,114429,117],{"class":116},[61,114431,120],{"class":75},[61,114433,114434],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114435,114044],{"class":3896},[47,114437,114439],{"id":114438},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114441,114442,114443,26],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114444,15175],{},[52,114446,114448],{"className":54,"code":114447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114449,114450,114466,114492,114496,114506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114451,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114453,68],{"class":67},[61,114455,72],{"class":71},[61,114457,1235],{"class":75},[61,114459,80],{"class":79},[61,114461,83],{"class":75},[61,114463,86],{"class":79},[61,114465,162],{"class":75},[61,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114469,117],{"class":67},[61,114471,26],{"class":75},[61,114473,30685],{"class":116},[61,114475,416],{"class":75},[61,114477,2310],{"class":79},[61,114479,83],{"class":75},[61,114481,95],{"class":79},[61,114483,83],{"class":75},[61,114485,1178],{"class":79},[61,114487,83],{"class":75},[61,114489,1178],{"class":79},[61,114491,1474],{"class":75},[61,114493,114494],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114495,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114497,114498,114500,114502,114504],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114499,127],{"class":126},[61,114501,113],{"class":75},[61,114503,117],{"class":116},[61,114505,120],{"class":75},[61,114507,114508],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114509,114044],{"class":3896},[14,114511,11905],{},[34,114513,114514,114519,114526],{},[37,114515,114516,114518],{},[18,114517,2310],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[37,114520,114521,4621,114523,114525],{},[18,114522,1321],{},[18,114524,498],{}," are added",[37,114527,114528,114529,114531],{},"The second ",[18,114530,498],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114533,114534,114535,114538],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[334,114536,114537],{"href":99283},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[47,114540,114542],{"id":114541},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114544,7994,114545,114547],{},[18,114546,15175],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[52,114549,114551],{"className":54,"code":114550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114552,114553,114574,114595,114599,114615,114619,114629],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114554,114555,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114556,114557],{"class":67},"set_a ",[61,114559,72],{"class":71},[61,114561,1235],{"class":75},[61,114563,80],{"class":79},[61,114565,83],{"class":75},[61,114567,86],{"class":79},[61,114569,83],{"class":75},[61,114571,95],{"class":79},[61,114573,162],{"class":75},[61,114575,114576,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114577,114578],{"class":67},"set_b ",[61,114580,72],{"class":71},[61,114582,1235],{"class":75},[61,114584,1321],{"class":79},[61,114586,83],{"class":75},[61,114588,1178],{"class":79},[61,114590,83],{"class":75},[61,114592,950],{"class":79},[61,114594,162],{"class":75},[61,114596,114597],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114598,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114600,114601,114604,114606,114608,114610,114613],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114602,114603],{"class":67},"set_a",[61,114605,26],{"class":75},[61,114607,30685],{"class":116},[61,114609,113],{"class":75},[61,114611,114612],{"class":116},"set_b",[61,114614,120],{"class":75},[61,114616,114617],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114618,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,114622,127],{"class":126},[61,114624,113],{"class":75},[61,114626,114603],{"class":116},[61,114628,120],{"class":75},[61,114630,114631],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,114632,112005],{"class":3896},[14,114634,114635],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114637,114638,114639,26],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[334,114640,114641],{"href":102988},[18,114642,108057],{},[52,114644,114646],{"className":54,"code":114645,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114647,114648,114668,114688,114692,114712,114716,114727,114731,114741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114649,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114651,114557],{"class":67},[61,114653,72],{"class":71},[61,114655,1235],{"class":75},[61,114657,80],{"class":79},[61,114659,83],{"class":75},[61,114661,86],{"class":79},[61,114663,83],{"class":75},[61,114665,95],{"class":79},[61,114667,162],{"class":75},[61,114669,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114671,114578],{"class":67},[61,114673,72],{"class":71},[61,114675,1235],{"class":75},[61,114677,1321],{"class":79},[61,114679,83],{"class":75},[61,114681,1178],{"class":79},[61,114683,83],{"class":75},[61,114685,950],{"class":79},[61,114687,162],{"class":75},[61,114689,114690],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114691,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114693,114694,114697,114699,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114695,114696],{"class":67},"combined ",[61,114698,72],{"class":71},[61,114700,114701],{"class":67}," set_a",[61,114703,26],{"class":75},[61,114705,111283],{"class":116},[61,114707,113],{"class":75},[61,114709,114612],{"class":116},[61,114711,120],{"class":75},[61,114713,114714],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114715,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114717,114718,114720,114722,114725],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,114719,127],{"class":126},[61,114721,113],{"class":75},[61,114723,114724],{"class":116},"combined",[61,114726,120],{"class":75},[61,114728,114729],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,114730,112005],{"class":3896},[61,114732,114733,114735,114737,114739],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,114734,127],{"class":126},[61,114736,113],{"class":75},[61,114738,114603],{"class":116},[61,114740,120],{"class":75},[61,114742,114743],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,114744,114745],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,114747,114749],{"id":114748},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114751,64958,114752,114754],{},[18,114753,15175],{}," adds each character separately.",[52,114756,114758],{"className":54,"code":114757,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114759,114760,114776,114794,114798,114808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114763,36312],{"class":67},[61,114765,72],{"class":71},[61,114767,1235],{"class":75},[61,114769,215],{"class":214},[61,114771,2422],{"class":218},[61,114773,215],{"class":214},[61,114775,162],{"class":75},[61,114777,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114779,36365],{"class":67},[61,114781,26],{"class":75},[61,114783,30685],{"class":116},[61,114785,113],{"class":75},[61,114787,215],{"class":214},[61,114789,37269],{"class":218},[61,114791,215],{"class":214},[61,114793,120],{"class":75},[61,114795,114796],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114797,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114801,127],{"class":126},[61,114803,113],{"class":75},[61,114805,36365],{"class":116},[61,114807,120],{"class":75},[61,114809,114810],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114811,114812],{"class":3896},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114814,114815],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114817,114818,14274,114821,114823,114824,114826],{},[18,114819,114820],{},"update(\"cat\")",[23,114822,704],{}," add ",[18,114825,113050],{}," as one item. It adds:",[34,114828,114829,114833,114837],{},[37,114830,114831],{},[18,114832,66698],{},[37,114834,114835],{},[18,114836,18315],{},[37,114838,114839],{},[18,114840,113066],{},[14,114842,114843,114844,378],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[334,114845,114846],{"href":98706},[18,114847,96425],{},[52,114849,114851],{"className":54,"code":114850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114852,114853,114869,114887,114891,114901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114854,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114856,4298],{"class":67},[61,114858,72],{"class":71},[61,114860,1235],{"class":75},[61,114862,215],{"class":214},[61,114864,58352],{"class":218},[61,114866,215],{"class":214},[61,114868,162],{"class":75},[61,114870,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114872,4340],{"class":67},[61,114874,26],{"class":75},[61,114876,82321],{"class":116},[61,114878,113],{"class":75},[61,114880,215],{"class":214},[61,114882,37269],{"class":218},[61,114884,215],{"class":214},[61,114886,120],{"class":75},[61,114888,114889],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114890,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114892,114893,114895,114897,114899],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114894,127],{"class":126},[61,114896,113],{"class":75},[61,114898,4340],{"class":116},[61,114900,120],{"class":75},[61,114902,114903],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114904,114905],{"class":3896},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[47,114907,114909,10806,114911],{"id":114908},"update-vs-add",[18,114910,15175],{},[18,114912,96420],{},[14,114914,114915],{},"The difference is simple:",[34,114917,114918,114922],{},[37,114919,114920,97014],{},[18,114921,96420],{},[37,114923,114924,97019],{},[18,114925,15175],{},[14,114927,46264,114928,378],{},[18,114929,96420],{},[52,114931,114933],{"className":54,"code":114932,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114934,114935,114951,114969,114973,114983],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114936,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,114938,36460],{"class":67},[61,114940,72],{"class":71},[61,114942,1235],{"class":75},[61,114944,215],{"class":214},[61,114946,2042],{"class":218},[61,114948,215],{"class":214},[61,114950,162],{"class":75},[61,114952,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,114954,36512],{"class":67},[61,114956,26],{"class":75},[61,114958,82321],{"class":116},[61,114960,113],{"class":75},[61,114962,215],{"class":214},[61,114964,1040],{"class":218},[61,114966,215],{"class":214},[61,114968,120],{"class":75},[61,114970,114971],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,114972,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,114974,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,114976,127],{"class":126},[61,114978,113],{"class":75},[61,114980,36512],{"class":116},[61,114982,120],{"class":75},[61,114984,114985],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,114986,114987],{"class":3896},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114989,46264,114990,378],{},[18,114991,15175],{},[52,114993,114995],{"className":54,"code":114994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114996,114997,115013,115039,115043,115053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,114998,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115000,36460],{"class":67},[61,115002,72],{"class":71},[61,115004,1235],{"class":75},[61,115006,215],{"class":214},[61,115008,2042],{"class":218},[61,115010,215],{"class":214},[61,115012,162],{"class":75},[61,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115016,36512],{"class":67},[61,115018,26],{"class":75},[61,115020,30685],{"class":116},[61,115022,416],{"class":75},[61,115024,215],{"class":214},[61,115026,1040],{"class":218},[61,115028,215],{"class":214},[61,115030,83],{"class":75},[61,115032,226],{"class":214},[61,115034,33442],{"class":218},[61,115036,215],{"class":214},[61,115038,1474],{"class":75},[61,115040,115041],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115042,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115044,115045,115047,115049,115051],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115046,127],{"class":126},[61,115048,113],{"class":75},[61,115050,36512],{"class":116},[61,115052,120],{"class":75},[61,115054,115055],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115056,115057],{"class":3896},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115059,115060],{},"Important warning with strings:",[52,115062,115064],{"className":54,"code":115063,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115065,115066,115082,115100,115104,115114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115069,36460],{"class":67},[61,115071,72],{"class":71},[61,115073,1235],{"class":75},[61,115075,215],{"class":214},[61,115077,2042],{"class":218},[61,115079,215],{"class":214},[61,115081,162],{"class":75},[61,115083,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115085,36512],{"class":67},[61,115087,26],{"class":75},[61,115089,30685],{"class":116},[61,115091,113],{"class":75},[61,115093,215],{"class":214},[61,115095,38562],{"class":218},[61,115097,215],{"class":214},[61,115099,120],{"class":75},[61,115101,115102],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115103,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115105,115106,115108,115110,115112],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115107,127],{"class":126},[61,115109,113],{"class":75},[61,115111,36512],{"class":116},[61,115113,120],{"class":75},[61,115115,115116],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115117,115118],{"class":3896},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115120,62324,115121,62397,115124,6860],{},[18,115122,115123],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115125,96420],{},[47,115127,115129,10806,115131],{"id":115128},"update-vs-union",[18,115130,15175],{},[18,115132,102991],{},[14,115134,115135],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[819,115137,115138],{"id":30685},[18,115139,15175],{},[34,115141,115142,115145],{},[37,115143,115144],{},"Changes the existing set",[37,115146,11644,115147],{},[18,115148,4012],{},[52,115150,115152],{"className":54,"code":115151,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115153,115154,115170,115186,115190,115204,115214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115157,717],{"class":67},[61,115159,72],{"class":71},[61,115161,1235],{"class":75},[61,115163,80],{"class":79},[61,115165,83],{"class":75},[61,115167,86],{"class":79},[61,115169,162],{"class":75},[61,115171,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115173,728],{"class":67},[61,115175,72],{"class":71},[61,115177,1235],{"class":75},[61,115179,2310],{"class":79},[61,115181,83],{"class":75},[61,115183,95],{"class":79},[61,115185,162],{"class":75},[61,115187,115188],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115189,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115191,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115193,334],{"class":67},[61,115195,26],{"class":75},[61,115197,30685],{"class":116},[61,115199,113],{"class":75},[61,115201,765],{"class":116},[61,115203,120],{"class":75},[61,115205,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115207,127],{"class":126},[61,115209,113],{"class":75},[61,115211,334],{"class":116},[61,115213,120],{"class":75},[61,115215,115216],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,115217,114745],{"class":3896},[819,115219,115220],{"id":111283},[18,115221,102991],{},[34,115223,115224,115226],{},[37,115225,101529],{},[37,115227,101532],{},[52,115229,115231],{"className":54,"code":115230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115232,115233,115249,115265,115269,115287,115297,115301,115311],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115234,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115236,717],{"class":67},[61,115238,72],{"class":71},[61,115240,1235],{"class":75},[61,115242,80],{"class":79},[61,115244,83],{"class":75},[61,115246,86],{"class":79},[61,115248,162],{"class":75},[61,115250,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259,115261,115263],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115252,728],{"class":67},[61,115254,72],{"class":71},[61,115256,1235],{"class":75},[61,115258,2310],{"class":79},[61,115260,83],{"class":75},[61,115262,95],{"class":79},[61,115264,162],{"class":75},[61,115266,115267],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115268,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115270,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115272,83401],{"class":67},[61,115274,72],{"class":71},[61,115276,57112],{"class":67},[61,115278,26],{"class":75},[61,115280,111283],{"class":116},[61,115282,113],{"class":75},[61,115284,765],{"class":116},[61,115286,120],{"class":75},[61,115288,115289,115291,115293,115295],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115290,127],{"class":126},[61,115292,113],{"class":75},[61,115294,9961],{"class":116},[61,115296,120],{"class":75},[61,115298,115299],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,115300,114745],{"class":3896},[61,115302,115303,115305,115307,115309],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,115304,127],{"class":126},[61,115306,113],{"class":75},[61,115308,334],{"class":116},[61,115310,120],{"class":75},[61,115312,115313],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,115314,115315],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115317,107699,115318,115320,115321,115325],{},[18,115319,15175],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[334,115322,115323],{"href":102988},[18,115324,102991],{}," when you want a new set.",[47,115327,115329],{"id":115328},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115331,10968,115332,26],{},[18,115333,97525],{},[819,115335,115337],{"id":115336},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115339,115340],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[52,115342,115344],{"className":54,"code":115343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115345,115346,115362,115384,115388,115398],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115347,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115349,15850],{"class":67},[61,115351,72],{"class":71},[61,115353,1235],{"class":75},[61,115355,80],{"class":79},[61,115357,83],{"class":75},[61,115359,86],{"class":79},[61,115361,162],{"class":75},[61,115363,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115365,869],{"class":67},[61,115367,72],{"class":71},[61,115369,97136],{"class":67},[61,115371,26],{"class":75},[61,115373,30685],{"class":116},[61,115375,416],{"class":75},[61,115377,1321],{"class":79},[61,115379,83],{"class":75},[61,115381,1178],{"class":79},[61,115383,1474],{"class":75},[61,115385,115386],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115387,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115389,115390,115392,115394,115396],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115391,127],{"class":126},[61,115393,113],{"class":75},[61,115395,892],{"class":116},[61,115397,120],{"class":75},[61,115399,115400],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115401,62049],{"class":3896},[14,115403,115404,115405,378],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115406,15175],{},[52,115408,115410],{"className":54,"code":115409,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115411,115412,115428,115446,115450,115460],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115413,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115415,15850],{"class":67},[61,115417,72],{"class":71},[61,115419,1235],{"class":75},[61,115421,80],{"class":79},[61,115423,83],{"class":75},[61,115425,86],{"class":79},[61,115427,162],{"class":75},[61,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115431,1937],{"class":67},[61,115433,26],{"class":75},[61,115435,30685],{"class":116},[61,115437,416],{"class":75},[61,115439,1321],{"class":79},[61,115441,83],{"class":75},[61,115443,1178],{"class":79},[61,115445,1474],{"class":75},[61,115447,115448],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115449,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115451,115452,115454,115456,115458],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115453,127],{"class":126},[61,115455,113],{"class":75},[61,115457,1937],{"class":116},[61,115459,120],{"class":75},[61,115461,115462],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115463,114044],{"class":3896},[819,115465,115467],{"id":115466},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115469,3077],{},[52,115471,115473],{"className":54,"code":115472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115474,115475,115491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115476,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115478,15850],{"class":67},[61,115480,72],{"class":71},[61,115482,1235],{"class":75},[61,115484,80],{"class":79},[61,115486,83],{"class":75},[61,115488,86],{"class":79},[61,115490,162],{"class":75},[61,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115494,1937],{"class":67},[61,115496,26],{"class":75},[61,115498,30685],{"class":116},[61,115500,113],{"class":75},[61,115502,945],{"class":79},[61,115504,120],{"class":75},[14,115506,62503,115507,8831,115509,115511],{},[18,115508,1334],{},[18,115510,945],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115513,6783],{},[52,115515,115517],{"className":54,"code":115516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115518,115519,115535,115549,115553,115563],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115520,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115522,15850],{"class":67},[61,115524,72],{"class":71},[61,115526,1235],{"class":75},[61,115528,80],{"class":79},[61,115530,83],{"class":75},[61,115532,86],{"class":79},[61,115534,162],{"class":75},[61,115536,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115538,1937],{"class":67},[61,115540,26],{"class":75},[61,115542,30685],{"class":116},[61,115544,416],{"class":75},[61,115546,945],{"class":79},[61,115548,1474],{"class":75},[61,115550,115551],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115552,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115554,115555,115557,115559,115561],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115556,127],{"class":126},[61,115558,113],{"class":75},[61,115560,1937],{"class":116},[61,115562,120],{"class":75},[61,115564,115565],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115566,115567],{"class":3896},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115569,46137,115570,26],{},[334,115571,25900,115572],{"href":52823},[18,115573,115574],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[819,115576,115578],{"id":115577},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115580,115581],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[52,115583,115585],{"className":54,"code":115584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115586,115587,115603,115629,115633,115643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115588,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115590,15850],{"class":67},[61,115592,72],{"class":71},[61,115594,1235],{"class":75},[61,115596,80],{"class":79},[61,115598,83],{"class":75},[61,115600,86],{"class":79},[61,115602,162],{"class":75},[61,115604,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115606,1937],{"class":67},[61,115608,26],{"class":75},[61,115610,30685],{"class":116},[61,115612,416],{"class":75},[61,115614,2310],{"class":79},[61,115616,83],{"class":75},[61,115618,86],{"class":79},[61,115620,83],{"class":75},[61,115622,86],{"class":79},[61,115624,83],{"class":75},[61,115626,95],{"class":79},[61,115628,1474],{"class":75},[61,115630,115631],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115632,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115636,127],{"class":126},[61,115638,113],{"class":75},[61,115640,1937],{"class":116},[61,115642,120],{"class":75},[61,115644,115645],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115646,114745],{"class":3896},[819,115648,115650,115651,44853,115653,115655],{"id":115649},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115652,15175],{},[18,115654,96420],{}," is better",[14,115657,115658,115659,115661],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115660,96420],{}," is usually the better choice.",[52,115663,115665],{"className":54,"code":115664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115666,115667,115683,115701,115705,115715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115668,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115670,15850],{"class":67},[61,115672,72],{"class":71},[61,115674,1235],{"class":75},[61,115676,215],{"class":214},[61,115678,58352],{"class":218},[61,115680,215],{"class":214},[61,115682,162],{"class":75},[61,115684,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115686,1937],{"class":67},[61,115688,26],{"class":75},[61,115690,82321],{"class":116},[61,115692,113],{"class":75},[61,115694,215],{"class":214},[61,115696,37269],{"class":218},[61,115698,215],{"class":214},[61,115700,120],{"class":75},[61,115702,115703],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115704,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115706,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115708,127],{"class":126},[61,115710,113],{"class":75},[61,115712,1937],{"class":116},[61,115714,120],{"class":75},[61,115716,115717],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115718,114905],{"class":3896},[47,115720,1987],{"id":1986},[819,115722,12927,115724,97504],{"id":115723},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115725,97525],{},[14,115727,97507,115728,26],{},[18,115729,4012],{},[819,115731,28550,115732,32447],{"id":32444},[18,115733,15175],{},[14,115735,115736],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[819,115738,5408,115740,4621,115742,2735],{"id":115739},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115741,96420],{},[18,115743,15175],{},[14,115745,115746,115748,115749,115751],{},[18,115747,96420],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115750,15175],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[819,115753,115755],{"id":115754},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115757,115758,115759,114754],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115760,15175],{},[819,115762,115764],{"id":115763},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115766,165,115767,11313,115769,26],{},[18,115768,102991],{},[18,115770,15175],{},[47,115772,2144],{"id":2143},[34,115774,115775,115782,115789,115795,115801],{},[37,115776,115777],{},[334,115778,115779],{"href":98706},[18,115780,115781],{},"Python set add() method",[37,115783,115784],{},[334,115785,115786],{"href":102988},[18,115787,115788],{},"Python set union() method",[37,115790,115791],{},[334,115792,115793],{"href":98094},[18,115794,97549],{},[37,115796,115797],{},[334,115798,115799],{"href":99283},[18,115800,2159],{},[37,115802,115803],{},[334,115804,115805,115807],{"href":52823},[18,115806,115574],{}," fix",[14,115809,115810,115811,115813,115814,115816],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115812,96425],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115815,108057],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2169,115818,115819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":115821},[115822,115823,115825,115826,115827,115828,115829,115830,115832,115837,115844,115853],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":114052,"depth":101,"text":115824},"What set.update() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":22189,"depth":101,"text":22190},{"id":114438,"depth":101,"text":114439},{"id":114541,"depth":101,"text":114542},{"id":114748,"depth":101,"text":114749},{"id":114908,"depth":101,"text":115831},"update() vs add()",{"id":115128,"depth":101,"text":115833,"children":115834},"update() vs union()",[115835,115836],{"id":30685,"depth":123,"text":15175},{"id":111283,"depth":123,"text":102991},{"id":115328,"depth":101,"text":115329,"children":115838},[115839,115840,115841,115842],{"id":115336,"depth":123,"text":115337},{"id":115466,"depth":123,"text":115467},{"id":115577,"depth":123,"text":115578},{"id":115649,"depth":123,"text":115843},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":115845},[115846,115848,115849,115851,115852],{"id":115723,"depth":123,"text":115847},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32444,"depth":123,"text":32517},{"id":115739,"depth":123,"text":115850},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115754,"depth":123,"text":115755},{"id":115763,"depth":123,"text":115764},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113964,"description":115854},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115860,"title":115861,"body":115862,"description":117628,"extension":2216,"meta":117629,"navigation":271,"path":14011,"seo":117630,"stem":117631,"__hash__":117632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115863,"toc":117603},[115864,115867,115870,115873,115884,115892,115895,115897,116046,116058,116062,116079,116083,116091,116093,116104,116106,116203,116209,116212,116308,116317,116322,116326,116331,116333,116343,116345,116454,116462,116466,116469,116472,116489,116495,116575,116578,116582,116585,116589,116592,116651,116654,116658,116661,116753,116757,116760,116867,116871,116877,116905,116907,116989,116999,117003,117006,117017,117020,117105,117108,117113,117117,117120,117131,117134,117276,117279,117283,117286,117300,117303,117364,117370,117372,117375,117397,117400,117500,117503,117535,117537,117541,117544,117546,117549,117553,117556,117560,117563,117567,117570,117572,117600],[10,115865,115861],{"id":115866},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115868,115869],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115871,115872],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[34,115874,115875,115878,115881],{},[37,115876,115877],{},"a list inside another list",[37,115879,115880],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[37,115882,115883],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115885,100461,115886,4621,115888,115891],{},[23,115887,13074],{},[23,115889,115890],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115893,115894],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[47,115896,50],{"id":49},[52,115898,115900],{"className":54,"code":115899,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115901,115902,115909,115913,115939,115959,115979,115983,116001,116005,116018,116032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,115903,115904,115906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,115905,35312],{"class":1490},[61,115907,115908],{"class":67}," copy\n",[61,115910,115911],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,115912,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115914,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,115916,12308],{"class":67},[61,115918,72],{"class":71},[61,115920,56518],{"class":75},[61,115922,80],{"class":79},[61,115924,83],{"class":75},[61,115926,86],{"class":79},[61,115928,1316],{"class":75},[61,115930,76],{"class":75},[61,115932,1321],{"class":79},[61,115934,83],{"class":75},[61,115936,1178],{"class":79},[61,115938,53466],{"class":75},[61,115940,115941,115944,115946,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,115942,115943],{"class":67},"shallow ",[61,115945,72],{"class":71},[61,115947,115948],{"class":67}," copy",[61,115950,26],{"class":75},[61,115952,13135],{"class":116},[61,115954,113],{"class":75},[61,115956,12355],{"class":116},[61,115958,120],{"class":75},[61,115960,115961,115964,115966,115968,115970,115973,115975,115977],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,115962,115963],{"class":67},"deep ",[61,115965,72],{"class":71},[61,115967,115948],{"class":67},[61,115969,26],{"class":75},[61,115971,115972],{"class":116},"deepcopy",[61,115974,113],{"class":75},[61,115976,12355],{"class":116},[61,115978,120],{"class":75},[61,115980,115981],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,115982,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,115986,12355],{"class":67},[61,115988,4129],{"class":75},[61,115990,582],{"class":79},[61,115992,13772],{"class":75},[61,115994,13775],{"class":116},[61,115996,113],{"class":75},[61,115998,56571],{"class":79},[61,116000,120],{"class":75},[61,116002,116003],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,116004,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,116008,127],{"class":126},[61,116010,113],{"class":75},[61,116012,12355],{"class":116},[61,116014,3893],{"class":75},[61,116016,116017],{"class":3896},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116019,116020,116022,116024,116027,116029],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,116021,127],{"class":126},[61,116023,113],{"class":75},[61,116025,116026],{"class":116},"shallow",[61,116028,3893],{"class":75},[61,116030,116031],{"class":3896},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116033,116034,116036,116038,116041,116043],{"class":63,"line":11816},[61,116035,127],{"class":126},[61,116037,113],{"class":75},[61,116039,116040],{"class":116},"deep",[61,116042,3893],{"class":75},[61,116044,116045],{"class":3896},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116047,165,116048,116051,116052,4621,116054,116057],{},[18,116049,116050],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[23,116053,13074],{},[18,116055,116056],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[47,116059,116061],{"id":116060},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[34,116063,116064,116067,116070,116073,116076],{},[37,116065,116066],{},"What a copy means in Python",[37,116068,116069],{},"How shallow copy works",[37,116071,116072],{},"How deep copy works",[37,116074,116075],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[37,116077,116078],{},"When to use each approach",[47,116080,116082],{"id":116081},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116084,15410,116085,116087,116088,116090],{},[23,116086,13074],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[23,116089,704],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116092,2359],{},[34,116094,116095,116098,116101],{},[37,116096,116097],{},"the outer container is new",[37,116099,116100],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[37,116102,116103],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116105,197],{},[52,116107,116109],{"className":54,"code":116108,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116110,116111,116137,116151,116155,116173,116177,116190],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116112,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116114,12308],{"class":67},[61,116116,72],{"class":71},[61,116118,56518],{"class":75},[61,116120,80],{"class":79},[61,116122,83],{"class":75},[61,116124,86],{"class":79},[61,116126,1316],{"class":75},[61,116128,76],{"class":75},[61,116130,1321],{"class":79},[61,116132,83],{"class":75},[61,116134,1178],{"class":79},[61,116136,53466],{"class":75},[61,116138,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116140,14532],{"class":67},[61,116142,72],{"class":71},[61,116144,12383],{"class":67},[61,116146,26],{"class":75},[61,116148,13135],{"class":116},[61,116150,628],{"class":75},[61,116152,116153],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116154,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116156,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116158,14551],{"class":67},[61,116160,26],{"class":75},[61,116162,13775],{"class":116},[61,116164,416],{"class":75},[61,116166,945],{"class":79},[61,116168,83],{"class":75},[61,116170,37865],{"class":79},[61,116172,1474],{"class":75},[61,116174,116175],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116176,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116178,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116180,127],{"class":126},[61,116182,113],{"class":75},[61,116184,12355],{"class":116},[61,116186,3893],{"class":75},[61,116188,116189],{"class":3896},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[61,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116193,127],{"class":126},[61,116195,113],{"class":75},[61,116197,14551],{"class":116},[61,116199,3893],{"class":75},[61,116201,116202],{"class":3896},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116204,116205,116206,116208],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116207,14551],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116210,116211],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[52,116213,116215],{"className":54,"code":116214,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116216,116217,116243,116257,116261,116279,116283,116295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116218,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116220,12308],{"class":67},[61,116222,72],{"class":71},[61,116224,56518],{"class":75},[61,116226,80],{"class":79},[61,116228,83],{"class":75},[61,116230,86],{"class":79},[61,116232,1316],{"class":75},[61,116234,76],{"class":75},[61,116236,1321],{"class":79},[61,116238,83],{"class":75},[61,116240,1178],{"class":79},[61,116242,53466],{"class":75},[61,116244,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116246,14532],{"class":67},[61,116248,72],{"class":71},[61,116250,12383],{"class":67},[61,116252,26],{"class":75},[61,116254,13135],{"class":116},[61,116256,628],{"class":75},[61,116258,116259],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116260,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116262,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116264,14551],{"class":67},[61,116266,4129],{"class":75},[61,116268,582],{"class":79},[61,116270,13772],{"class":75},[61,116272,13775],{"class":116},[61,116274,113],{"class":75},[61,116276,56571],{"class":79},[61,116278,120],{"class":75},[61,116280,116281],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116282,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116284,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116286,127],{"class":126},[61,116288,113],{"class":75},[61,116290,12355],{"class":116},[61,116292,3893],{"class":75},[61,116294,116017],{"class":3896},[61,116296,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116298,127],{"class":126},[61,116300,113],{"class":75},[61,116302,14551],{"class":116},[61,116304,3893],{"class":75},[61,116306,116307],{"class":3896},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116309,116310,116311,4621,116313,116316],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116312,56675],{},[18,116314,116315],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116318,116319,116320,26],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[334,116321,44160],{"href":12287},[47,116323,116325],{"id":116324},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116327,15410,116328,116330],{},[23,116329,115890],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116332,2359],{},[34,116334,116335,116337,116340],{},[37,116336,116097],{},[37,116338,116339],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[37,116341,116342],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116344,197],{},[52,116346,116348],{"className":54,"code":116347,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116349,116350,116356,116360,116386,116404,116408,116426,116430,116442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116351,116352,116354],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116353,35312],{"class":1490},[61,116355,115908],{"class":67},[61,116357,116358],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116359,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116361,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116363,12308],{"class":67},[61,116365,72],{"class":71},[61,116367,56518],{"class":75},[61,116369,80],{"class":79},[61,116371,83],{"class":75},[61,116373,86],{"class":79},[61,116375,1316],{"class":75},[61,116377,76],{"class":75},[61,116379,1321],{"class":79},[61,116381,83],{"class":75},[61,116383,1178],{"class":79},[61,116385,53466],{"class":75},[61,116387,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116389,14532],{"class":67},[61,116391,72],{"class":71},[61,116393,115948],{"class":67},[61,116395,26],{"class":75},[61,116397,115972],{"class":116},[61,116399,113],{"class":75},[61,116401,12355],{"class":116},[61,116403,120],{"class":75},[61,116405,116406],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116407,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116411,14551],{"class":67},[61,116413,4129],{"class":75},[61,116415,582],{"class":79},[61,116417,13772],{"class":75},[61,116419,13775],{"class":116},[61,116421,113],{"class":75},[61,116423,56571],{"class":79},[61,116425,120],{"class":75},[61,116427,116428],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116429,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116431,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,116433,127],{"class":126},[61,116435,113],{"class":75},[61,116437,12355],{"class":116},[61,116439,3893],{"class":75},[61,116441,116189],{"class":3896},[61,116443,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,116445,127],{"class":126},[61,116447,113],{"class":75},[61,116449,14551],{"class":116},[61,116451,3893],{"class":75},[61,116453,116307],{"class":3896},[14,116455,116456,116457,116459,116460,26],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116458,116315],{}," does not change ",[18,116461,56675],{},[47,116463,116465],{"id":116464},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116467,116468],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116470,116471],{},"Common reasons:",[34,116473,116474,116477,116480,116486],{},[37,116475,116476],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[37,116478,116479],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[37,116481,116482,116483,116485],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116484,72],{}," does not make a copy",[37,116487,116488],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116490,116491,116492,116494],{},"For example, this does ",[23,116493,704],{}," create a copy:",[52,116496,116498],{"className":54,"code":116497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116499,116500,116520,116528,116532,116546,116550,116562],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116501,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116503,12308],{"class":67},[61,116505,72],{"class":71},[61,116507,76],{"class":75},[61,116509,80],{"class":79},[61,116511,83],{"class":75},[61,116513,86],{"class":79},[61,116515,83],{"class":75},[61,116517,95],{"class":79},[61,116519,98],{"class":75},[61,116521,116522,116524,116526],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116523,14532],{"class":67},[61,116525,72],{"class":71},[61,116527,12346],{"class":67},[61,116529,116530],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116531,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116533,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116535,14551],{"class":67},[61,116537,26],{"class":75},[61,116539,13775],{"class":116},[61,116541,113],{"class":75},[61,116543,498],{"class":79},[61,116545,120],{"class":75},[61,116547,116548],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116549,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116551,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116553,127],{"class":126},[61,116555,113],{"class":75},[61,116557,12355],{"class":116},[61,116559,3893],{"class":75},[61,116561,55925],{"class":3896},[61,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116565,127],{"class":126},[61,116567,113],{"class":75},[61,116569,14551],{"class":116},[61,116571,3893],{"class":75},[61,116573,116574],{"class":3896},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116576,116577],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[47,116579,116581],{"id":116580},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116583,116584],{},"These three ideas are different.",[819,116586,116588],{"id":116587},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116590,116591],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[52,116593,116595],{"className":54,"code":116594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116596,116597,116623,116631,116635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116598,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116600,12308],{"class":67},[61,116602,72],{"class":71},[61,116604,56518],{"class":75},[61,116606,80],{"class":79},[61,116608,83],{"class":75},[61,116610,86],{"class":79},[61,116612,1316],{"class":75},[61,116614,76],{"class":75},[61,116616,1321],{"class":79},[61,116618,83],{"class":75},[61,116620,1178],{"class":79},[61,116622,53466],{"class":75},[61,116624,116625,116627,116629],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116626,14323],{"class":67},[61,116628,72],{"class":71},[61,116630,12346],{"class":67},[61,116632,116633],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116634,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116636,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116638,127],{"class":126},[61,116640,113],{"class":75},[61,116642,12308],{"class":116},[61,116644,12416],{"class":1490},[61,116646,14391],{"class":116},[61,116648,3893],{"class":75},[61,116650,3897],{"class":3896},[14,116652,116653],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[819,116655,116657],{"id":116656},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116659,116660],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[52,116662,116664],{"className":54,"code":116663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116665,116666,116692,116706,116710,116727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116667,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116669,12308],{"class":67},[61,116671,72],{"class":71},[61,116673,56518],{"class":75},[61,116675,80],{"class":79},[61,116677,83],{"class":75},[61,116679,86],{"class":79},[61,116681,1316],{"class":75},[61,116683,76],{"class":75},[61,116685,1321],{"class":79},[61,116687,83],{"class":75},[61,116689,1178],{"class":79},[61,116691,53466],{"class":75},[61,116693,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116695,115943],{"class":67},[61,116697,72],{"class":71},[61,116699,12383],{"class":67},[61,116701,26],{"class":75},[61,116703,13135],{"class":116},[61,116705,628],{"class":75},[61,116707,116708],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116709,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116711,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116723,116725],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116713,127],{"class":126},[61,116715,113],{"class":75},[61,116717,12308],{"class":116},[61,116719,12416],{"class":1490},[61,116721,116722],{"class":116}," shallow",[61,116724,3893],{"class":75},[61,116726,21420],{"class":3896},[61,116728,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116730,127],{"class":126},[61,116732,113],{"class":75},[61,116734,12355],{"class":116},[61,116736,4129],{"class":75},[61,116738,582],{"class":79},[61,116740,13495],{"class":75},[61,116742,8326],{"class":1490},[61,116744,116722],{"class":116},[61,116746,4129],{"class":75},[61,116748,582],{"class":79},[61,116750,20666],{"class":75},[61,116752,3897],{"class":3896},[819,116754,116756],{"id":116755},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116758,116759],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[52,116761,116763],{"className":54,"code":116762,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116764,116765,116771,116775,116801,116819,116823,116841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116766,116767,116769],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116768,35312],{"class":1490},[61,116770,115908],{"class":67},[61,116772,116773],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116774,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116776,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116778,12308],{"class":67},[61,116780,72],{"class":71},[61,116782,56518],{"class":75},[61,116784,80],{"class":79},[61,116786,83],{"class":75},[61,116788,86],{"class":79},[61,116790,1316],{"class":75},[61,116792,76],{"class":75},[61,116794,1321],{"class":79},[61,116796,83],{"class":75},[61,116798,1178],{"class":79},[61,116800,53466],{"class":75},[61,116802,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116804,115963],{"class":67},[61,116806,72],{"class":71},[61,116808,115948],{"class":67},[61,116810,26],{"class":75},[61,116812,115972],{"class":116},[61,116814,113],{"class":75},[61,116816,12355],{"class":116},[61,116818,120],{"class":75},[61,116820,116821],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116822,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116824,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116836,116838],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116826,127],{"class":126},[61,116828,113],{"class":75},[61,116830,12308],{"class":116},[61,116832,12416],{"class":1490},[61,116834,116835],{"class":116}," deep",[61,116837,3893],{"class":75},[61,116839,116840],{"class":3896},"         # False\n",[61,116842,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116844,127],{"class":126},[61,116846,113],{"class":75},[61,116848,12355],{"class":116},[61,116850,4129],{"class":75},[61,116852,582],{"class":79},[61,116854,13495],{"class":75},[61,116856,8326],{"class":1490},[61,116858,116835],{"class":116},[61,116860,4129],{"class":75},[61,116862,582],{"class":79},[61,116864,20666],{"class":75},[61,116866,44096],{"class":3896},[47,116868,116870],{"id":116869},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116872,116873,116874,378],{},"These all make ",[23,116875,116876],{},"shallow copies",[34,116878,116879,116883,116887,116892,116898],{},[37,116880,116881],{},[18,116882,55825],{},[37,116884,116885],{},[18,116886,12657],{},[37,116888,116889],{},[18,116890,116891],{},"set.copy()",[37,116893,116894,116895],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116896,116897],{},"my_list[:]",[37,116899,116900,116902,116903,35302],{},[18,116901,116050],{}," from the ",[18,116904,13135],{},[14,116906,400],{},[52,116908,116910],{"className":54,"code":116909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116911,116912,116932,116936,116950,116961,116965,116977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,116913,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,116915,68],{"class":67},[61,116917,72],{"class":71},[61,116919,76],{"class":75},[61,116921,80],{"class":79},[61,116923,83],{"class":75},[61,116925,86],{"class":79},[61,116927,83],{"class":75},[61,116929,95],{"class":79},[61,116931,98],{"class":75},[61,116933,116934],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,116935,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,116939,717],{"class":67},[61,116941,72],{"class":71},[61,116943,4490],{"class":67},[61,116945,26],{"class":75},[61,116947,13135],{"class":116},[61,116949,628],{"class":75},[61,116951,116952,116954,116956,116958],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,116953,728],{"class":67},[61,116955,72],{"class":71},[61,116957,4490],{"class":67},[61,116959,116960],{"class":75},"[:]\n",[61,116962,116963],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,116964,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,116966,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,116968,127],{"class":126},[61,116970,113],{"class":75},[61,116972,334],{"class":116},[61,116974,3893],{"class":75},[61,116976,55156],{"class":3896},[61,116978,116979,116981,116983,116985,116987],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,116980,127],{"class":126},[61,116982,113],{"class":75},[61,116984,765],{"class":116},[61,116986,3893],{"class":75},[61,116988,55156],{"class":3896},[14,116990,73357,116991,47757,116995,26],{},[334,116992,116993,10961],{"href":55184},[18,116994,55825],{},[334,116996,116997,10961],{"href":12654},[18,116998,12657],{},[47,117000,117002],{"id":117001},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117004,117005],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[34,117007,117008,117011,117014],{},[37,117009,117010],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[37,117012,117013],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[37,117015,117016],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117018,117019],{},"Example with a flat list:",[52,117021,117023],{"className":54,"code":117022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,117024,117025,117045,117059,117063,117077,117081,117093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117026,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117028,12308],{"class":67},[61,117030,72],{"class":71},[61,117032,76],{"class":75},[61,117034,80],{"class":79},[61,117036,83],{"class":75},[61,117038,86],{"class":79},[61,117040,83],{"class":75},[61,117042,95],{"class":79},[61,117044,98],{"class":75},[61,117046,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117048,14532],{"class":67},[61,117050,72],{"class":71},[61,117052,12383],{"class":67},[61,117054,26],{"class":75},[61,117056,13135],{"class":116},[61,117058,628],{"class":75},[61,117060,117061],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117062,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117066,14551],{"class":67},[61,117068,26],{"class":75},[61,117070,13775],{"class":116},[61,117072,113],{"class":75},[61,117074,498],{"class":79},[61,117076,120],{"class":75},[61,117078,117079],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117080,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117082,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,117084,127],{"class":126},[61,117086,113],{"class":75},[61,117088,12355],{"class":116},[61,117090,3893],{"class":75},[61,117092,55156],{"class":3896},[61,117094,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,117096,127],{"class":126},[61,117098,113],{"class":75},[61,117100,14551],{"class":116},[61,117102,3893],{"class":75},[61,117104,116574],{"class":3896},[14,117106,117107],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117109,117110,117111,26],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[334,117112,15109],{"href":57444},[47,117114,117116],{"id":117115},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117118,117119],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[34,117121,117122,117125,117128],{},[37,117123,117124],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[37,117126,117127],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[37,117129,117130],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117132,117133],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[52,117135,117137],{"className":54,"code":117136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117138,117139,117145,117149,117175,117189,117207,117211,117233,117237,117250,117263],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117140,117141,117143],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117142,35312],{"class":1490},[61,117144,115908],{"class":67},[61,117146,117147],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117148,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117152,12308],{"class":67},[61,117154,72],{"class":71},[61,117156,1235],{"class":75},[61,117158,215],{"class":214},[61,117160,16609],{"class":218},[61,117162,215],{"class":214},[61,117164,378],{"class":75},[61,117166,76],{"class":75},[61,117168,447],{"class":79},[61,117170,83],{"class":75},[61,117172,452],{"class":79},[61,117174,1328],{"class":75},[61,117176,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117178,115943],{"class":67},[61,117180,72],{"class":71},[61,117182,12383],{"class":67},[61,117184,26],{"class":75},[61,117186,13135],{"class":116},[61,117188,628],{"class":75},[61,117190,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117192,115963],{"class":67},[61,117194,72],{"class":71},[61,117196,115948],{"class":67},[61,117198,26],{"class":75},[61,117200,115972],{"class":116},[61,117202,113],{"class":75},[61,117204,12355],{"class":116},[61,117206,120],{"class":75},[61,117208,117209],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,117210,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117212,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,117214,12355],{"class":67},[61,117216,4129],{"class":75},[61,117218,215],{"class":214},[61,117220,16609],{"class":218},[61,117222,215],{"class":214},[61,117224,13772],{"class":75},[61,117226,13775],{"class":116},[61,117228,113],{"class":75},[61,117230,37063],{"class":79},[61,117232,120],{"class":75},[61,117234,117235],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,117236,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117238,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,117240,127],{"class":126},[61,117242,113],{"class":75},[61,117244,12355],{"class":116},[61,117246,3893],{"class":75},[61,117248,117249],{"class":3896},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117251,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260],{"class":63,"line":6665},[61,117253,127],{"class":126},[61,117255,113],{"class":75},[61,117257,116026],{"class":116},[61,117259,3893],{"class":75},[61,117261,117262],{"class":3896},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[61,117264,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273],{"class":63,"line":11816},[61,117266,127],{"class":126},[61,117268,113],{"class":75},[61,117270,116040],{"class":116},[61,117272,3893],{"class":75},[61,117274,117275],{"class":3896},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117277,117278],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[47,117280,117282],{"id":117281},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117284,117285],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[34,117287,117288,117291,117294,117297],{},[37,117289,117290],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[37,117292,117293],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[37,117295,117296],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[37,117298,117299],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117301,117302],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[52,117304,117306],{"className":54,"code":117305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117307,117308,117316,117324,117328,117336,117340,117352],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117309,117310,117312,117314],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117311,717],{"class":67},[61,117313,72],{"class":71},[61,117315,2828],{"class":79},[61,117317,117318,117320,117322],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117319,728],{"class":67},[61,117321,72],{"class":71},[61,117323,36397],{"class":67},[61,117325,117326],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117327,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117329,117330,117332,117334],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117331,728],{"class":67},[61,117333,72],{"class":71},[61,117335,14835],{"class":79},[61,117337,117338],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117339,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117341,117342,117344,117346,117348,117350],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,117343,127],{"class":126},[61,117345,113],{"class":75},[61,117347,334],{"class":116},[61,117349,3893],{"class":75},[61,117351,27016],{"class":3896},[61,117353,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,117355,127],{"class":126},[61,117357,113],{"class":75},[61,117359,765],{"class":116},[61,117361,3893],{"class":75},[61,117363,27837],{"class":3896},[14,117365,93725,117366,117369],{},[334,117367,117368],{"href":12287},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[47,117371,1741],{"id":1740},[14,117373,117374],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[34,117376,117377,117381,117386,117391,117394],{},[37,117378,1750,117379,57008],{},[18,117380,72],{},[37,117382,1750,117383,117385],{},[18,117384,55825],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[37,117387,1750,117388,117390],{},[18,117389,12657],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[37,117392,117393],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[37,117395,117396],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117398,117399],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[52,117401,117403],{"className":54,"code":117402,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117404,117405,117419,117433,117455,117486],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117406,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117408,127],{"class":126},[61,117410,113],{"class":75},[61,117412,12308],{"class":116},[61,117414,12416],{"class":1490},[61,117416,14605],{"class":116},[61,117418,120],{"class":75},[61,117420,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117422,127],{"class":126},[61,117424,113],{"class":75},[61,117426,12308],{"class":116},[61,117428,4916],{"class":71},[61,117430,14605],{"class":116},[61,117432,120],{"class":75},[61,117434,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117436,127],{"class":126},[61,117438,113],{"class":75},[61,117440,12872],{"class":126},[61,117442,113],{"class":75},[61,117444,12355],{"class":116},[61,117446,1362],{"class":75},[61,117448,15037],{"class":126},[61,117450,113],{"class":75},[61,117452,14551],{"class":116},[61,117454,480],{"class":75},[61,117456,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117458,127],{"class":126},[61,117460,113],{"class":75},[61,117462,12872],{"class":126},[61,117464,113],{"class":75},[61,117466,12355],{"class":116},[61,117468,4129],{"class":75},[61,117470,582],{"class":79},[61,117472,117473],{"class":75},"]),",[61,117475,15037],{"class":126},[61,117477,113],{"class":75},[61,117479,14551],{"class":116},[61,117481,4129],{"class":75},[61,117483,582],{"class":79},[61,117485,433],{"class":75},[61,117487,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117489,127],{"class":126},[61,117491,113],{"class":75},[61,117493,648],{"class":109},[61,117495,113],{"class":75},[61,117497,12355],{"class":116},[61,117499,480],{"class":75},[14,117501,117502],{},"What they tell you:",[34,117504,117505,117510,117515,117520,117530],{},[37,117506,117507,117509],{},[18,117508,12416],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[37,117511,117512,117514],{},[18,117513,4916],{}," checks whether values are equal",[37,117516,117517,117519],{},[18,117518,43712],{}," shows the identity of an object",[37,117521,117522,117523,4621,117526,117529],{},"comparing ",[18,117524,117525],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117527,117528],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[37,117531,117532,117534],{},[18,117533,2547],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[47,117536,1987],{"id":1986},[819,117538,117540],{"id":117539},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117542,117543],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[819,117545,57494],{"id":57409},[14,117547,117548],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[819,117550,117552],{"id":117551},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117554,117555],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[819,117557,117559],{"id":117558},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117561,117562],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[819,117564,117566],{"id":117565},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117568,117569],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[47,117571,2144],{"id":2143},[34,117573,117574,117579,117585,117591,117595],{},[37,117575,117576],{},[334,117577,117578],{"href":12287},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[37,117580,117581],{},[334,117582,3808,117583,10961],{"href":55184},[18,117584,55825],{},[37,117586,117587],{},[334,117588,3808,117589,10961],{"href":12654},[18,117590,12657],{},[37,117592,117593],{},[334,117594,15186],{"href":57444},[37,117596,117597],{},[334,117598,117599],{"href":58719},"What is a list in Python?",[2169,117601,117602],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":117604},[117605,117606,117607,117608,117609,117610,117615,117616,117617,117618,117619,117620,117627],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":116060,"depth":101,"text":116061},{"id":116081,"depth":101,"text":116082},{"id":116324,"depth":101,"text":116325},{"id":116464,"depth":101,"text":116465},{"id":116580,"depth":101,"text":116581,"children":117611},[117612,117613,117614],{"id":116587,"depth":123,"text":116588},{"id":116656,"depth":123,"text":116657},{"id":116755,"depth":123,"text":116756},{"id":116869,"depth":101,"text":116870},{"id":117001,"depth":101,"text":117002},{"id":117115,"depth":101,"text":117116},{"id":117281,"depth":101,"text":117282},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":117621},[117622,117623,117624,117625,117626],{"id":117539,"depth":123,"text":117540},{"id":57409,"depth":123,"text":57494},{"id":117551,"depth":123,"text":117552},{"id":117558,"depth":123,"text":117559},{"id":117565,"depth":123,"text":117566},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115861,"description":117628},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117634,"title":117635,"body":117636,"description":119493,"extension":2216,"meta":119494,"navigation":271,"path":119495,"seo":119496,"stem":119497,"__hash__":119498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117637,"toc":119451},[117638,117643,117648,117656,117658,117726,117731,117736,117751,117754,117756,117787,117789,117809,117812,117827,117829,117832,117905,117907,117952,117954,117965,117970,117974,117979,117982,118021,118023,118043,118046,118103,118105,118140,118143,118182,118184,118204,118207,118238,118240,118296,118298,118303,118374,118376,118409,118414,118419,118484,118486,118523,118526,118603,118605,118665,118672,118677,118680,118683,118764,118766,118807,118812,118815,118893,118895,118928,118937,118944,118947,118958,118961,118972,118976,118984,118993,118997,119002,119006,119011,119054,119057,119063,119066,119068,119115,119120,119124,119127,119176,119178,119199,119202,119204,119229,119232,119353,119358,119360,119365,119368,119373,119376,119384,119389,119396,119399,119407,119410,119412,119448],[10,117639,3808,117641,3812],{"id":117640},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117642,74641],{},[14,117644,117645,117647],{},[18,117646,74641],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117649,117650,117651,2437,117653,117655],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117652,78082],{},[18,117654,74641],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[47,117657,3842],{"id":3841},[52,117659,117661],{"className":54,"code":117660,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117662,117663,117683,117697,117701,117713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117664,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117666,68],{"class":67},[61,117668,72],{"class":71},[61,117670,76],{"class":75},[61,117672,1321],{"class":79},[61,117674,83],{"class":75},[61,117676,587],{"class":79},[61,117678,83],{"class":75},[61,117680,86],{"class":79},[61,117682,98],{"class":75},[61,117684,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117686,869],{"class":67},[61,117688,72],{"class":71},[61,117690,74775],{"class":126},[61,117692,113],{"class":75},[61,117694,117],{"class":116},[61,117696,120],{"class":75},[61,117698,117699],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117700,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117702,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117704,127],{"class":126},[61,117706,113],{"class":75},[61,117708,892],{"class":116},[61,117710,3893],{"class":75},[61,117712,55912],{"class":3896},[61,117714,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117716,127],{"class":126},[61,117718,113],{"class":75},[61,117720,117],{"class":116},[61,117722,3893],{"class":75},[61,117724,117725],{"class":3896},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117727,117728,117730],{},[18,117729,74641],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[47,117732,3911,117734,3914],{"id":117733},"what-sorted-does",[18,117735,74641],{},[34,117737,117738,117742,117745,117748],{},[37,117739,117740,63144],{},[18,117741,74641],{},[37,117743,117744],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[37,117746,117747],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[37,117749,117750],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117752,117753],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[47,117755,341],{"id":340},[52,117757,117759],{"className":54,"code":117758,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117760,117761],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117762,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117764,74731],{"class":126},[61,117766,113],{"class":75},[61,117768,359],{"class":116},[61,117770,83],{"class":75},[61,117772,21799],{"class":9400},[61,117774,72],{"class":71},[61,117776,4012],{"class":1523},[61,117778,83],{"class":75},[61,117780,78285],{"class":9400},[61,117782,72],{"class":71},[61,117784,3907],{"class":1523},[61,117786,120],{"class":75},[819,117788,17616],{"id":17615},[34,117790,117791,117796,117801],{},[37,117792,117793,117795],{},[18,117794,359],{},": the values to sort",[37,117797,117798,117800],{},[18,117799,15062],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[37,117802,117803,117805,117806,117808],{},[18,117804,73794],{},": set to ",[18,117807,3837],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117810,117811],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[52,117813,117815],{"className":54,"code":117814,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117816,117817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117818,117819,117821,117823,117825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117820,74731],{"class":126},[61,117822,113],{"class":75},[61,117824,60532],{"class":116},[61,117826,120],{"class":75},[47,117828,11696],{"id":11695},[14,117830,117831],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[52,117833,117835],{"className":54,"code":117834,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117836,117837,117861,117865,117880,117884,117895],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117838,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117840,68],{"class":67},[61,117842,72],{"class":71},[61,117844,76],{"class":75},[61,117846,945],{"class":79},[61,117848,83],{"class":75},[61,117850,86],{"class":79},[61,117852,83],{"class":75},[61,117854,6587],{"class":79},[61,117856,83],{"class":75},[61,117858,587],{"class":79},[61,117860,98],{"class":75},[61,117862,117863],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117864,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117866,117867,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,117868,117869],{"class":67},"sorted_numbers ",[61,117871,72],{"class":71},[61,117873,74775],{"class":126},[61,117875,113],{"class":75},[61,117877,117],{"class":116},[61,117879,120],{"class":75},[61,117881,117882],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,117883,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,117885,117886,117888,117890,117893],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,117887,127],{"class":126},[61,117889,113],{"class":75},[61,117891,117892],{"class":116},"sorted_numbers",[61,117894,120],{"class":75},[61,117896,117897,117899,117901,117903],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,117898,127],{"class":126},[61,117900,113],{"class":75},[61,117902,117],{"class":116},[61,117904,120],{"class":75},[14,117906,139],{},[52,117908,117910],{"className":54,"code":117909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117911,117912,117932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117913,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117915,4129],{"class":75},[61,117917,80],{"class":79},[61,117919,83],{"class":75},[61,117921,86],{"class":79},[61,117923,83],{"class":75},[61,117925,950],{"class":79},[61,117927,83],{"class":75},[61,117929,6587],{"class":79},[61,117931,98],{"class":75},[61,117933,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,117935,4129],{"class":75},[61,117937,945],{"class":79},[61,117939,83],{"class":75},[61,117941,86],{"class":79},[61,117943,83],{"class":75},[61,117945,6587],{"class":79},[61,117947,83],{"class":75},[61,117949,587],{"class":79},[61,117951,98],{"class":75},[14,117953,13984],{},[34,117955,117956,117961],{},[37,117957,117958,117960],{},[18,117959,117892],{}," is a new sorted list",[37,117962,117963,112497],{},[18,117964,117],{},[14,117966,117967,117968,26],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[334,117969,78592],{"href":78591},[47,117971,117973],{"id":117972},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117975,117976,117978],{},[18,117977,74641],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[819,117980,117981],{"id":383},"List",[52,117983,117985],{"className":54,"code":117984,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117986,117987,118007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,117990,68],{"class":67},[61,117992,72],{"class":71},[61,117994,76],{"class":75},[61,117996,1321],{"class":79},[61,117998,83],{"class":75},[61,118000,587],{"class":79},[61,118002,83],{"class":75},[61,118004,86],{"class":79},[61,118006,98],{"class":75},[61,118008,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118010,127],{"class":126},[61,118012,113],{"class":75},[61,118014,74731],{"class":126},[61,118016,113],{"class":75},[61,118018,117],{"class":116},[61,118020,480],{"class":75},[14,118022,139],{},[52,118024,118025],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,118026,118027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118030,4129],{"class":75},[61,118032,80],{"class":79},[61,118034,83],{"class":75},[61,118036,86],{"class":79},[61,118038,83],{"class":75},[61,118040,95],{"class":79},[61,118042,98],{"class":75},[819,118044,118045],{"id":386},"Tuple",[52,118047,118049],{"className":54,"code":118048,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,118050,118051,118071,118085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118052,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118054,937],{"class":67},[61,118056,72],{"class":71},[61,118058,942],{"class":75},[61,118060,1321],{"class":79},[61,118062,83],{"class":75},[61,118064,587],{"class":79},[61,118066,83],{"class":75},[61,118068,86],{"class":79},[61,118070,120],{"class":75},[61,118072,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118074,127],{"class":126},[61,118076,113],{"class":75},[61,118078,74731],{"class":126},[61,118080,113],{"class":75},[61,118082,974],{"class":116},[61,118084,480],{"class":75},[61,118086,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,118088,127],{"class":126},[61,118090,113],{"class":75},[61,118092,648],{"class":109},[61,118094,113],{"class":75},[61,118096,74731],{"class":126},[61,118098,113],{"class":75},[61,118100,974],{"class":116},[61,118102,460],{"class":75},[14,118104,139],{},[52,118106,118108],{"className":54,"code":118107,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118109,118110,118126],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118111,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118113,4129],{"class":75},[61,118115,80],{"class":79},[61,118117,83],{"class":75},[61,118119,86],{"class":79},[61,118121,83],{"class":75},[61,118123,95],{"class":79},[61,118125,98],{"class":75},[61,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118129,672],{"class":71},[61,118131,676],{"class":675},[61,118133,308],{"class":214},[61,118135,383],{"class":218},[61,118137,299],{"class":214},[61,118139,685],{"class":71},[819,118141,118142],{"id":354},"Set",[52,118144,118146],{"className":54,"code":118145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118147,118148,118168],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118149,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118151,937],{"class":67},[61,118153,72],{"class":71},[61,118155,1235],{"class":75},[61,118157,1321],{"class":79},[61,118159,83],{"class":75},[61,118161,587],{"class":79},[61,118163,83],{"class":75},[61,118165,86],{"class":79},[61,118167,162],{"class":75},[61,118169,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118171,127],{"class":126},[61,118173,113],{"class":75},[61,118175,74731],{"class":126},[61,118177,113],{"class":75},[61,118179,974],{"class":116},[61,118181,480],{"class":75},[14,118183,139],{},[52,118185,118186],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,118187,118188],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118189,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118191,4129],{"class":75},[61,118193,80],{"class":79},[61,118195,83],{"class":75},[61,118197,86],{"class":79},[61,118199,83],{"class":75},[61,118201,95],{"class":79},[61,118203,98],{"class":75},[819,118205,118206],{"id":389},"String",[52,118208,118210],{"className":54,"code":118209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118211,118212,118224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118215,1033],{"class":67},[61,118217,72],{"class":71},[61,118219,226],{"class":214},[61,118221,56],{"class":218},[61,118223,1043],{"class":214},[61,118225,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118227,127],{"class":126},[61,118229,113],{"class":75},[61,118231,74731],{"class":126},[61,118233,113],{"class":75},[61,118235,1056],{"class":116},[61,118237,480],{"class":75},[14,118239,139],{},[52,118241,118242],{"className":54,"code":79609,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,118243,118244],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118247,4129],{"class":75},[61,118249,299],{"class":214},[61,118251,544],{"class":218},[61,118253,299],{"class":214},[61,118255,83],{"class":75},[61,118257,308],{"class":214},[61,118259,1104],{"class":218},[61,118261,299],{"class":214},[61,118263,83],{"class":75},[61,118265,308],{"class":214},[61,118267,571],{"class":218},[61,118269,299],{"class":214},[61,118271,83],{"class":75},[61,118273,308],{"class":214},[61,118275,14],{"class":218},[61,118277,299],{"class":214},[61,118279,83],{"class":75},[61,118281,308],{"class":214},[61,118283,63505],{"class":218},[61,118285,299],{"class":214},[61,118287,83],{"class":75},[61,118289,308],{"class":214},[61,118291,11967],{"class":218},[61,118293,299],{"class":214},[61,118295,98],{"class":75},[819,118297,29444],{"id":15826},[14,118299,63758,118300,118302],{},[18,118301,74641],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[52,118304,118306],{"className":54,"code":118305,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118307,118308,118360],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118309,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118311,13426],{"class":67},[61,118313,72],{"class":71},[61,118315,1235],{"class":75},[61,118317,215],{"class":214},[61,118319,7899],{"class":218},[61,118321,215],{"class":214},[61,118323,378],{"class":75},[61,118325,226],{"class":214},[61,118327,13104],{"class":218},[61,118329,215],{"class":214},[61,118331,83],{"class":75},[61,118333,226],{"class":214},[61,118335,9521],{"class":218},[61,118337,215],{"class":214},[61,118339,378],{"class":75},[61,118341,452],{"class":79},[61,118343,83],{"class":75},[61,118345,226],{"class":214},[61,118347,10630],{"class":218},[61,118349,215],{"class":214},[61,118351,378],{"class":75},[61,118353,226],{"class":214},[61,118355,16251],{"class":218},[61,118357,215],{"class":214},[61,118359,162],{"class":75},[61,118361,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118363,127],{"class":126},[61,118365,113],{"class":75},[61,118367,74731],{"class":126},[61,118369,113],{"class":75},[61,118371,17528],{"class":116},[61,118373,480],{"class":75},[14,118375,139],{},[52,118377,118379],{"className":54,"code":118378,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118380,118381],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118382,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118384,4129],{"class":75},[61,118386,299],{"class":214},[61,118388,9521],{"class":218},[61,118390,299],{"class":214},[61,118392,83],{"class":75},[61,118394,308],{"class":214},[61,118396,10630],{"class":218},[61,118398,299],{"class":214},[61,118400,83],{"class":75},[61,118402,308],{"class":214},[61,118404,7899],{"class":218},[61,118406,299],{"class":214},[61,118408,98],{"class":75},[47,118410,1750,118412],{"id":118411},"using-reversetrue",[18,118413,78306],{},[14,118415,165,118416,118418],{},[18,118417,78306],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[52,118420,118422],{"className":54,"code":118421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118423,118424,118444,118448,118462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118425,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118427,68],{"class":67},[61,118429,72],{"class":71},[61,118431,76],{"class":75},[61,118433,1321],{"class":79},[61,118435,83],{"class":75},[61,118437,587],{"class":79},[61,118439,83],{"class":75},[61,118441,86],{"class":79},[61,118443,98],{"class":75},[61,118445,118446],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118447,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,118449,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,118451,127],{"class":126},[61,118453,113],{"class":75},[61,118455,74731],{"class":126},[61,118457,113],{"class":75},[61,118459,117],{"class":116},[61,118461,480],{"class":75},[61,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,118465,127],{"class":126},[61,118467,113],{"class":75},[61,118469,74731],{"class":126},[61,118471,113],{"class":75},[61,118473,117],{"class":116},[61,118475,83],{"class":75},[61,118477,78285],{"class":9400},[61,118479,72],{"class":71},[61,118481,3837],{"class":1523},[61,118483,480],{"class":75},[14,118485,139],{},[52,118487,118489],{"className":54,"code":118488,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118490,118491,118507],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118492,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118494,4129],{"class":75},[61,118496,80],{"class":79},[61,118498,83],{"class":75},[61,118500,86],{"class":79},[61,118502,83],{"class":75},[61,118504,95],{"class":79},[61,118506,98],{"class":75},[61,118508,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118510,4129],{"class":75},[61,118512,1321],{"class":79},[61,118514,83],{"class":75},[61,118516,86],{"class":79},[61,118518,83],{"class":75},[61,118520,587],{"class":79},[61,118522,98],{"class":75},[14,118524,118525],{},"This also works with strings:",[52,118527,118529],{"className":54,"code":118528,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118530,118531,118563,118567,118581],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118532,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118534,4298],{"class":67},[61,118536,72],{"class":71},[61,118538,76],{"class":75},[61,118540,215],{"class":214},[61,118542,2042],{"class":218},[61,118544,215],{"class":214},[61,118546,83],{"class":75},[61,118548,226],{"class":214},[61,118550,1040],{"class":218},[61,118552,215],{"class":214},[61,118554,83],{"class":75},[61,118556,226],{"class":214},[61,118558,4323],{"class":218},[61,118560,215],{"class":214},[61,118562,98],{"class":75},[61,118564,118565],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118566,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,118568,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,118570,127],{"class":126},[61,118572,113],{"class":75},[61,118574,74731],{"class":126},[61,118576,113],{"class":75},[61,118578,4340],{"class":116},[61,118580,480],{"class":75},[61,118582,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,118584,127],{"class":126},[61,118586,113],{"class":75},[61,118588,74731],{"class":126},[61,118590,113],{"class":75},[61,118592,4340],{"class":116},[61,118594,83],{"class":75},[61,118596,78285],{"class":9400},[61,118598,72],{"class":71},[61,118600,3837],{"class":1523},[61,118602,480],{"class":75},[14,118604,139],{},[52,118606,118607],{"className":54,"code":74375,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,118608,118609,118637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118610,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118612,4129],{"class":75},[61,118614,299],{"class":214},[61,118616,2042],{"class":218},[61,118618,299],{"class":214},[61,118620,83],{"class":75},[61,118622,308],{"class":214},[61,118624,1040],{"class":218},[61,118626,299],{"class":214},[61,118628,83],{"class":75},[61,118630,308],{"class":214},[61,118632,4323],{"class":218},[61,118634,299],{"class":214},[61,118636,98],{"class":75},[61,118638,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118640,4129],{"class":75},[61,118642,299],{"class":214},[61,118644,4323],{"class":218},[61,118646,299],{"class":214},[61,118648,83],{"class":75},[61,118650,308],{"class":214},[61,118652,1040],{"class":218},[61,118654,299],{"class":214},[61,118656,83],{"class":75},[61,118658,308],{"class":214},[61,118660,2042],{"class":218},[61,118662,299],{"class":214},[61,118664,98],{"class":75},[47,118666,1750,118668,118671],{"id":118667},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118669,118670],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118673,2233,118674,118676],{},[18,118675,118670],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118678,118679],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118681,118682],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[52,118684,118686],{"className":54,"code":118685,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118687,118688,118728,118732,118754],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118689,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118691,4298],{"class":67},[61,118693,72],{"class":71},[61,118695,76],{"class":75},[61,118697,215],{"class":214},[61,118699,78959],{"class":218},[61,118701,215],{"class":214},[61,118703,83],{"class":75},[61,118705,226],{"class":214},[61,118707,38579],{"class":218},[61,118709,215],{"class":214},[61,118711,83],{"class":75},[61,118713,226],{"class":214},[61,118715,1040],{"class":218},[61,118717,215],{"class":214},[61,118719,83],{"class":75},[61,118721,226],{"class":214},[61,118723,38562],{"class":218},[61,118725,215],{"class":214},[61,118727,98],{"class":75},[61,118729,118730],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118731,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,118733,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,118735,869],{"class":67},[61,118737,72],{"class":71},[61,118739,74775],{"class":126},[61,118741,113],{"class":75},[61,118743,4340],{"class":116},[61,118745,83],{"class":75},[61,118747,21799],{"class":9400},[61,118749,72],{"class":71},[61,118751,1948],{"class":126},[61,118753,120],{"class":75},[61,118755,118756,118758,118760,118762],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,118757,127],{"class":126},[61,118759,113],{"class":75},[61,118761,892],{"class":116},[61,118763,120],{"class":75},[14,118765,139],{},[52,118767,118769],{"className":54,"code":118768,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118770,118771],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118772,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118774,4129],{"class":75},[61,118776,299],{"class":214},[61,118778,38579],{"class":218},[61,118780,299],{"class":214},[61,118782,83],{"class":75},[61,118784,308],{"class":214},[61,118786,78959],{"class":218},[61,118788,299],{"class":214},[61,118790,83],{"class":75},[61,118792,308],{"class":214},[61,118794,38562],{"class":218},[61,118796,299],{"class":214},[61,118798,83],{"class":75},[61,118800,308],{"class":214},[61,118802,1040],{"class":218},[61,118804,299],{"class":214},[61,118806,98],{"class":75},[14,118808,20991,118809,118811],{},[18,118810,1948],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118813,118814],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[52,118816,118818],{"className":54,"code":118817,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118819,118820,118853,118857,118883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118821,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118849,118851],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118823,4298],{"class":67},[61,118825,72],{"class":71},[61,118827,76],{"class":75},[61,118829,215],{"class":214},[61,118831,83578],{"class":218},[61,118833,215],{"class":214},[61,118835,83],{"class":75},[61,118837,226],{"class":214},[61,118839,2042],{"class":218},[61,118841,215],{"class":214},[61,118843,83],{"class":75},[61,118845,226],{"class":214},[61,118847,118848],{"class":218},"Cherry",[61,118850,215],{"class":214},[61,118852,98],{"class":75},[61,118854,118855],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,118856,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,118858,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,118860,869],{"class":67},[61,118862,72],{"class":71},[61,118864,74775],{"class":126},[61,118866,113],{"class":75},[61,118868,4340],{"class":116},[61,118870,83],{"class":75},[61,118872,21799],{"class":9400},[61,118874,72],{"class":71},[61,118876,1208],{"class":109},[61,118878,26],{"class":75},[61,118880,8870],{"class":24971},[61,118882,120],{"class":75},[61,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,118886,127],{"class":126},[61,118888,113],{"class":75},[61,118890,892],{"class":116},[61,118892,120],{"class":75},[14,118894,139],{},[52,118896,118898],{"className":54,"code":118897,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118899,118900],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,118901,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,118903,4129],{"class":75},[61,118905,299],{"class":214},[61,118907,2042],{"class":218},[61,118909,299],{"class":214},[61,118911,83],{"class":75},[61,118913,308],{"class":214},[61,118915,83578],{"class":218},[61,118917,299],{"class":214},[61,118919,83],{"class":75},[61,118921,308],{"class":214},[61,118923,118848],{"class":218},[61,118925,299],{"class":214},[61,118927,98],{"class":75},[14,118929,118930,118931,35551,118933,26],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118932,42584],{},[334,118934,3808,118935,3741],{"href":42581},[18,118936,42584],{},[47,118938,118940,10806,118942],{"id":118939},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118941,74641],{},[18,118943,78082],{},[14,118945,118946],{},"The main difference is this:",[34,118948,118949,118954],{},[37,118950,118951,118953],{},[18,118952,74641],{}," returns a new list",[37,118955,118956,74179],{},[18,118957,78082],{},[14,118959,118960],{},"Also:",[34,118962,118963,118968],{},[37,118964,118965,118967],{},[18,118966,74641],{}," works with many iterables",[37,118969,118970,79515],{},[18,118971,78082],{},[14,118973,165,118974,1422],{},[18,118975,74641],{},[34,118977,118978,118981],{},[37,118979,118980],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[37,118982,118983],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118985,118986,118987,26],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[334,118988,3808,118989,10806,118991,6011],{"href":79340},[18,118990,74641],{},[18,118992,78082],{},[47,118994,118996],{"id":118995},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118998,118999,119000,26],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,119001,74641],{},[819,119003,119005],{"id":119004},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119007,119008,119009,378],{},"This can raise a ",[18,119010,1334],{},[52,119012,119014],{"className":54,"code":119013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,119015,119016,119040],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119017,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119019,937],{"class":67},[61,119021,72],{"class":71},[61,119023,76],{"class":75},[61,119025,80],{"class":79},[61,119027,83],{"class":75},[61,119029,226],{"class":214},[61,119031,2310],{"class":218},[61,119033,215],{"class":214},[61,119035,83],{"class":75},[61,119037,95],{"class":79},[61,119039,98],{"class":75},[61,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119043,127],{"class":126},[61,119045,113],{"class":75},[61,119047,74731],{"class":126},[61,119049,113],{"class":75},[61,119051,974],{"class":116},[61,119053,480],{"class":75},[14,119055,119056],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[819,119058,119060,119061,2548],{"id":119059},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,119062,15062],{},[14,119064,119065],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119067,197],{},[52,119069,119071],{"className":54,"code":119070,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119072,119073,119093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119074,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119076,68],{"class":67},[61,119078,72],{"class":71},[61,119080,76],{"class":75},[61,119082,447],{"class":79},[61,119084,83],{"class":75},[61,119086,86],{"class":79},[61,119088,83],{"class":75},[61,119090,8025],{"class":79},[61,119092,98],{"class":75},[61,119094,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119096,127],{"class":126},[61,119098,113],{"class":75},[61,119100,74731],{"class":126},[61,119102,113],{"class":75},[61,119104,117],{"class":116},[61,119106,83],{"class":75},[61,119108,21799],{"class":9400},[61,119110,72],{"class":71},[61,119112,1948],{"class":126},[61,119114,480],{"class":75},[14,119116,48734,119117,119119],{},[18,119118,42584],{}," does not work on integers.",[819,119121,119123],{"id":119122},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119125,119126],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[52,119128,119130],{"className":54,"code":119129,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119131,119132,119152,119162,119166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119133,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148,119150],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119135,68],{"class":67},[61,119137,72],{"class":71},[61,119139,76],{"class":75},[61,119141,1321],{"class":79},[61,119143,83],{"class":75},[61,119145,587],{"class":79},[61,119147,83],{"class":75},[61,119149,86],{"class":79},[61,119151,98],{"class":75},[61,119153,119154,119156,119158,119160],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119155,74731],{"class":126},[61,119157,113],{"class":75},[61,119159,117],{"class":116},[61,119161,120],{"class":75},[61,119163,119164],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,119165,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119167,119168,119170,119172,119174],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,119169,127],{"class":126},[61,119171,113],{"class":75},[61,119173,117],{"class":116},[61,119175,120],{"class":75},[14,119177,139],{},[52,119179,119181],{"className":54,"code":119180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119182,119183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119184,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119186,4129],{"class":75},[61,119188,1321],{"class":79},[61,119190,83],{"class":75},[61,119192,587],{"class":79},[61,119194,83],{"class":75},[61,119196,86],{"class":79},[61,119198,98],{"class":75},[14,119200,119201],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[47,119203,1741],{"id":1740},[34,119205,119206,119210,119213,119218,119222],{},[37,119207,4808,119208,74179],{},[18,119209,74641],{},[37,119211,119212],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[37,119214,4932,119215,119217],{},[18,119216,74641],{}," always returns a list",[37,119219,1750,119220,23324],{},[18,119221,118670],{},[37,119223,29871,119224,119226,119227],{},[18,119225,64530],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119228,74641],{},[14,119230,119231],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[52,119233,119235],{"className":54,"code":119234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119236,119237,119259,119285,119323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119238,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119240,127],{"class":126},[61,119242,113],{"class":75},[61,119244,74731],{"class":126},[61,119246,416],{"class":75},[61,119248,1321],{"class":79},[61,119250,83],{"class":75},[61,119252,587],{"class":79},[61,119254,83],{"class":75},[61,119256,86],{"class":79},[61,119258,433],{"class":75},[61,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119262,127],{"class":126},[61,119264,113],{"class":75},[61,119266,648],{"class":109},[61,119268,113],{"class":75},[61,119270,74731],{"class":126},[61,119272,444],{"class":75},[61,119274,1321],{"class":79},[61,119276,83],{"class":75},[61,119278,587],{"class":79},[61,119280,83],{"class":75},[61,119282,86],{"class":79},[61,119284,93581],{"class":75},[61,119286,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,119288,127],{"class":126},[61,119290,113],{"class":75},[61,119292,74731],{"class":126},[61,119294,416],{"class":75},[61,119296,299],{"class":214},[61,119298,83578],{"class":218},[61,119300,299],{"class":214},[61,119302,83],{"class":75},[61,119304,308],{"class":214},[61,119306,2042],{"class":218},[61,119308,299],{"class":214},[61,119310,1316],{"class":75},[61,119312,21799],{"class":9400},[61,119314,72],{"class":71},[61,119316,1208],{"class":109},[61,119318,26],{"class":75},[61,119320,8870],{"class":24971},[61,119322,480],{"class":75},[61,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,119326,127],{"class":126},[61,119328,113],{"class":75},[61,119330,74731],{"class":126},[61,119332,416],{"class":75},[61,119334,1321],{"class":79},[61,119336,83],{"class":75},[61,119338,587],{"class":79},[61,119340,83],{"class":75},[61,119342,86],{"class":79},[61,119344,1316],{"class":75},[61,119346,78285],{"class":9400},[61,119348,72],{"class":71},[61,119350,3837],{"class":1523},[61,119352,480],{"class":75},[14,119354,119355,119356,26],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[334,119357,52995],{"href":51203},[47,119359,1987],{"id":1986},[819,119361,12927,119363,57388],{"id":119362},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119364,74641],{},[14,119366,119367],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[819,119369,5371,119371,12939],{"id":119370},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119372,74641],{},[14,119374,119375],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[819,119377,119379,119380,11313,119382,2735],{"id":119378},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119381,74641],{},[18,119383,78082],{},[14,119385,165,119386,119388],{},[18,119387,74641],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[819,119390,5371,119392,86666,119394,2735],{"id":119391},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119393,118670],{},[18,119395,74641],{},[14,119397,119398],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[819,119400,2093,119402,119404,119405,2735],{"id":119401},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119403,74641],{}," give a ",[18,119406,1334],{},[14,119408,119409],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[47,119411,2144],{"id":2143},[34,119413,119414,119418,119426,119430,119436,119442],{},[37,119415,119416],{},[334,119417,80088],{"href":78591},[37,119419,119420],{},[334,119421,3808,119422,10806,119424,6011],{"href":79340},[18,119423,74641],{},[18,119425,78082],{},[37,119427,119428],{},[334,119429,52995],{"href":51203},[37,119431,119432],{},[334,119433,3808,119434,3741],{"href":42581},[18,119435,42584],{},[37,119437,119438],{},[334,119439,3808,119440,3741],{"href":92237},[18,119441,35970],{},[37,119443,119444],{},[334,119445,3808,119446,3741],{"href":36417},[18,119447,394],{},[2169,119449,119450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":119452},[119453,119454,119456,119459,119460,119467,119469,119471,119473,119479,119480,119492],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":117733,"depth":101,"text":119455},"What sorted() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":119457},[119458],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":117972,"depth":101,"text":117973,"children":119461},[119462,119463,119464,119465,119466],{"id":383,"depth":123,"text":117981},{"id":386,"depth":123,"text":118045},{"id":354,"depth":123,"text":118142},{"id":389,"depth":123,"text":118206},{"id":15826,"depth":123,"text":29444},{"id":118411,"depth":101,"text":119468},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118667,"depth":101,"text":119470},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118939,"depth":101,"text":119472},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118995,"depth":101,"text":118996,"children":119474},[119475,119476,119478],{"id":119004,"depth":123,"text":119005},{"id":119059,"depth":123,"text":119477},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119122,"depth":123,"text":119123},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":119481},[119482,119484,119486,119488,119490],{"id":119362,"depth":123,"text":119483},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119370,"depth":123,"text":119485},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119378,"depth":123,"text":119487},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119391,"depth":123,"text":119489},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119401,"depth":123,"text":119491},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117635,"description":119493},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119500,"title":119501,"body":119502,"description":121613,"extension":2216,"meta":121614,"navigation":271,"path":79340,"seo":121615,"stem":121616,"__hash__":121617},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119503,"toc":121560},[119504,119511,119514,119524,119530,119533,119551,119559,119561,119620,119628,119632,119654,119658,119662,119664,119681,119683,119695,119701,119785,119789,119836,119842,119849,119853,119858,119860,119872,119877,119930,119934,119954,119961,119968,119972,119975,119994,119998,120112,120116,120186,120188,120200,120205,120209,120222,120226,120301,120305,120344,120351,120357,120362,120366,120380,120384,120449,120453,120486,120489,120494,120502,120509,120522,120525,120529,120612,120616,120653,120657,120760,120764,120825,120830,120837,120841,120844,120850,120853,120920,120924,120948,120950,120968,120975,121028,121032,121052,121058,121060,121117,121124,121150,121155,121160,121168,121174,121234,121238,121285,121288,121290,121293,121319,121322,121415,121417,121437,121441,121444,121462,121468,121470,121478,121483,121490,121493,121499,121502,121508,121516,121524,121529,121531,121557],[10,119505,3808,119507,10806,119509,93295],{"id":119506},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119508,74641],{},[18,119510,78082],{},[14,119512,119513],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[34,119515,119516,119520],{},[37,119517,119518],{},[18,119519,74641],{},[37,119521,119522],{},[18,119523,78082],{},[14,119525,119526,119527,119529],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[23,119528,704],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119531,119532],{},"The main difference is simple:",[34,119534,119535,119543],{},[37,119536,165,119537,119539,119540],{},[18,119538,74641],{}," when you want a ",[23,119541,119542],{},"new sorted result",[37,119544,165,119545,119547,119548],{},[18,119546,78082],{}," when you want to ",[23,119549,119550],{},"change the original list",[14,119552,119553,119554,2642,119556,119558],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119555,78082],{},[18,119557,4012],{}," and causes confusion.",[47,119560,3842],{"id":3841},[52,119562,119564],{"className":54,"code":119563,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119565,119566,119586,119590,119607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119567,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582,119584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119569,68],{"class":67},[61,119571,72],{"class":71},[61,119573,76],{"class":75},[61,119575,1321],{"class":79},[61,119577,83],{"class":75},[61,119579,587],{"class":79},[61,119581,83],{"class":75},[61,119583,86],{"class":79},[61,119585,98],{"class":75},[61,119587,119588],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119589,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119591,119592,119594,119596,119598,119600,119602,119604],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,119593,56114],{"class":67},[61,119595,72],{"class":71},[61,119597,74775],{"class":126},[61,119599,113],{"class":75},[61,119601,117],{"class":116},[61,119603,3893],{"class":75},[61,119605,119606],{"class":3896},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[61,119608,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,119610,117],{"class":67},[61,119612,26],{"class":75},[61,119614,35020],{"class":116},[61,119616,7596],{"class":75},[61,119618,119619],{"class":3896},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119621,165,119622,119624,119625,119627],{},[18,119623,74641],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119626,78082],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[47,119629,119631],{"id":119630},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[34,119633,119634,119639,119644,119651],{},[37,119635,165,119636,119638],{},[18,119637,74641],{}," to get a new sorted list",[37,119640,165,119641,119643],{},[18,119642,78082],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[37,119645,119646,119647,2642,119649],{},"Understand why ",[18,119648,78082],{},[18,119650,4012],{},[37,119652,119653],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[47,119655,3911,119656,3914],{"id":117733},[18,119657,74641],{},[14,119659,119660,63144],{},[18,119661,74641],{},[14,119663,49151],{},[34,119665,119666,119672,119678],{},[37,119667,119668,119669],{},"returns a ",[23,119670,119671],{},"new list",[37,119673,119674,119675,119677],{},"does ",[23,119676,704],{}," change the original data",[37,119679,119680],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119682,51356],{},[34,119684,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693],{},[37,119686,5529],{},[37,119688,5532],{},[37,119690,5538],{},[37,119692,5535],{},[37,119694,36131],{},[819,119696,35299,119698,119700],{"id":119697},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119699,74641],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[52,119702,119704],{"className":54,"code":119703,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119705,119706,119726,119730,119744,119748,119766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119707,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119709,68],{"class":67},[61,119711,72],{"class":71},[61,119713,76],{"class":75},[61,119715,1321],{"class":79},[61,119717,83],{"class":75},[61,119719,587],{"class":79},[61,119721,83],{"class":75},[61,119723,86],{"class":79},[61,119725,98],{"class":75},[61,119727,119728],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119729,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119731,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,119733,869],{"class":67},[61,119735,72],{"class":71},[61,119737,74775],{"class":126},[61,119739,113],{"class":75},[61,119741,117],{"class":116},[61,119743,120],{"class":75},[61,119745,119746],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,119747,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119749,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,119751,127],{"class":126},[61,119753,113],{"class":75},[61,119755,215],{"class":214},[61,119757,12376],{"class":218},[61,119759,215],{"class":214},[61,119761,83],{"class":75},[61,119763,4490],{"class":116},[61,119765,120],{"class":75},[61,119767,119768,119770,119772,119774,119777,119779,119781,119783],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,119769,127],{"class":126},[61,119771,113],{"class":75},[61,119773,215],{"class":214},[61,119775,119776],{"class":218},"sorted result:",[61,119778,215],{"class":214},[61,119780,83],{"class":75},[61,119782,81432],{"class":116},[61,119784,120],{"class":75},[14,119786,119787],{},[23,119788,139],{},[52,119790,119792],{"className":54,"code":119791,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119793,119794,119814],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119795,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119797,12355],{"class":67},[61,119799,378],{"class":75},[61,119801,76],{"class":75},[61,119803,1321],{"class":79},[61,119805,83],{"class":75},[61,119807,587],{"class":79},[61,119809,83],{"class":75},[61,119811,86],{"class":79},[61,119813,98],{"class":75},[61,119815,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119817,74731],{"class":126},[61,119819,81432],{"class":67},[61,119821,378],{"class":75},[61,119823,76],{"class":75},[61,119825,80],{"class":79},[61,119827,83],{"class":75},[61,119829,86],{"class":79},[61,119831,83],{"class":75},[61,119833,95],{"class":79},[61,119835,98],{"class":75},[14,119837,119838,119839,119841],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119840,117],{}," stays the same.",[14,119843,119844,119845,26],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[334,119846,3808,119847,3741],{"href":74738},[18,119848,74641],{},[47,119850,3911,119851,3914],{"id":78148},[18,119852,78082],{},[14,119854,119855,119857],{},[18,119856,64530],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119859,49151],{},[34,119861,119862,119865,119868],{},[37,119863,119864],{},"changes the original list directly",[37,119866,119867],{},"only works on lists",[37,119869,3926,119870],{},[18,119871,4012],{},[819,119873,35299,119875,74179],{"id":119874},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119876,78082],{},[52,119878,119880],{"className":54,"code":119879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119881,119882,119902,119906,119916,119920],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119883,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119885,68],{"class":67},[61,119887,72],{"class":71},[61,119889,76],{"class":75},[61,119891,1321],{"class":79},[61,119893,83],{"class":75},[61,119895,587],{"class":79},[61,119897,83],{"class":75},[61,119899,86],{"class":79},[61,119901,98],{"class":75},[61,119903,119904],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,119905,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119907,119908,119910,119912,119914],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,119909,117],{"class":67},[61,119911,26],{"class":75},[61,119913,35020],{"class":116},[61,119915,628],{"class":75},[61,119917,119918],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,119919,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,119923,127],{"class":126},[61,119925,113],{"class":75},[61,119927,117],{"class":116},[61,119929,120],{"class":75},[14,119931,119932],{},[23,119933,139],{},[52,119935,119936],{"className":54,"code":55374,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,119937,119938],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,119941,4129],{"class":75},[61,119943,80],{"class":79},[61,119945,83],{"class":75},[61,119947,86],{"class":79},[61,119949,83],{"class":75},[61,119951,95],{"class":79},[61,119953,98],{"class":75},[14,119955,119956,119957,119960],{},"After calling ",[18,119958,119959],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119962,119963,119964,26],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[334,119965,3808,119966,10961],{"href":74992},[18,119967,78082],{},[47,119969,119971],{"id":119970},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119973,119974],{},"Here is the core difference:",[34,119976,119977,119986],{},[37,119978,119979,119982,119983],{},[18,119980,119981],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[23,119984,119985],{},"new sorted list",[37,119987,119988,119991,119992,74549],{},[18,119989,119990],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119993,8569],{},[819,119995,119997],{"id":119996},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[52,119999,120001],{"className":54,"code":120000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,120002,120003,120023,120027,120041,120060,120079,120083,120093],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120004,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120006,68],{"class":67},[61,120008,72],{"class":71},[61,120010,76],{"class":75},[61,120012,945],{"class":79},[61,120014,83],{"class":75},[61,120016,86],{"class":79},[61,120018,83],{"class":75},[61,120020,1178],{"class":79},[61,120022,98],{"class":75},[61,120024,120025],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120026,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120028,120029,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120030,717],{"class":67},[61,120032,72],{"class":71},[61,120034,74775],{"class":126},[61,120036,113],{"class":75},[61,120038,117],{"class":116},[61,120040,120],{"class":75},[61,120042,120043,120045,120047,120049,120052,120054,120056,120058],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120044,127],{"class":126},[61,120046,113],{"class":75},[61,120048,215],{"class":214},[61,120050,120051],{"class":218},"numbers after sorted():",[61,120053,215],{"class":214},[61,120055,83],{"class":75},[61,120057,4490],{"class":116},[61,120059,120],{"class":75},[61,120061,120062,120064,120066,120068,120071,120073,120075,120077],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120063,127],{"class":126},[61,120065,113],{"class":75},[61,120067,215],{"class":214},[61,120069,120070],{"class":218},"a:",[61,120072,215],{"class":214},[61,120074,83],{"class":75},[61,120076,57112],{"class":116},[61,120078,120],{"class":75},[61,120080,120081],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,120082,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120084,120085,120087,120089,120091],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,120086,117],{"class":67},[61,120088,26],{"class":75},[61,120090,35020],{"class":116},[61,120092,628],{"class":75},[61,120094,120095,120097,120099,120101,120104,120106,120108,120110],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,120096,127],{"class":126},[61,120098,113],{"class":75},[61,120100,215],{"class":214},[61,120102,120103],{"class":218},"numbers after sort():",[61,120105,215],{"class":214},[61,120107,83],{"class":75},[61,120109,4490],{"class":116},[61,120111,120],{"class":75},[14,120113,120114],{},[23,120115,139],{},[52,120117,120119],{"className":54,"code":120118,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120120,120121,120144,120164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120122,120123,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120124,120125],{"class":67},"numbers after ",[61,120127,74731],{"class":126},[61,120129,29805],{"class":75},[61,120131,76],{"class":75},[61,120133,945],{"class":79},[61,120135,83],{"class":75},[61,120137,86],{"class":79},[61,120139,83],{"class":75},[61,120141,1178],{"class":79},[61,120143,98],{"class":75},[61,120145,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120147,334],{"class":67},[61,120149,378],{"class":75},[61,120151,76],{"class":75},[61,120153,2310],{"class":79},[61,120155,83],{"class":75},[61,120157,1178],{"class":79},[61,120159,83],{"class":75},[61,120161,950],{"class":79},[61,120163,98],{"class":75},[61,120165,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120167,120125],{"class":67},[61,120169,35020],{"class":116},[61,120171,29805],{"class":75},[61,120173,76],{"class":75},[61,120175,2310],{"class":79},[61,120177,83],{"class":75},[61,120179,1178],{"class":79},[61,120181,83],{"class":75},[61,120183,950],{"class":79},[61,120185,98],{"class":75},[14,120187,10933],{},[34,120189,120190,120195],{},[37,120191,120192,120194],{},[18,120193,74641],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[37,120196,120197,120199],{},[18,120198,64530],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[47,120201,5189,120203],{"id":120202},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120204,74641],{},[14,120206,165,120207,1422],{},[18,120208,74641],{},[34,120210,120211,120214,120216,120219],{},[37,120212,120213],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[37,120215,118983],{},[37,120217,120218],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[37,120220,120221],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[819,120223,120225],{"id":120224},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[52,120227,120229],{"className":54,"code":120228,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120230,120231,120255,120259,120273,120277,120287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120232,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120234,68],{"class":67},[61,120236,72],{"class":71},[61,120238,942],{"class":75},[61,120240,498],{"class":79},[61,120242,83],{"class":75},[61,120244,587],{"class":79},[61,120246,83],{"class":75},[61,120248,95],{"class":79},[61,120250,83],{"class":75},[61,120252,86],{"class":79},[61,120254,120],{"class":75},[61,120256,120257],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120258,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120260,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120262,869],{"class":67},[61,120264,72],{"class":71},[61,120266,74775],{"class":126},[61,120268,113],{"class":75},[61,120270,117],{"class":116},[61,120272,120],{"class":75},[61,120274,120275],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120276,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120280,127],{"class":126},[61,120282,113],{"class":75},[61,120284,892],{"class":116},[61,120286,120],{"class":75},[61,120288,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,120290,127],{"class":126},[61,120292,113],{"class":75},[61,120294,648],{"class":109},[61,120296,113],{"class":75},[61,120298,892],{"class":116},[61,120300,480],{"class":75},[14,120302,120303],{},[23,120304,139],{},[52,120306,120308],{"className":54,"code":120307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120309,120310,120330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120311,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120313,4129],{"class":75},[61,120315,80],{"class":79},[61,120317,83],{"class":75},[61,120319,86],{"class":79},[61,120321,83],{"class":75},[61,120323,95],{"class":79},[61,120325,83],{"class":75},[61,120327,1178],{"class":79},[61,120329,98],{"class":75},[61,120331,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120333,672],{"class":71},[61,120335,676],{"class":675},[61,120337,308],{"class":214},[61,120339,383],{"class":218},[61,120341,299],{"class":214},[61,120343,685],{"class":71},[14,120345,325,120346,120348,120349,26],{},[18,120347,74641],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[23,120350,383],{},[14,120352,120353,120354,120356],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[334,120355,52995],{"href":51203}," is a helpful next step.",[47,120358,5189,120360],{"id":120359},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120361,78082],{},[14,120363,165,120364,1422],{},[18,120365,78082],{},[34,120367,120368,120371,120374,120377],{},[37,120369,120370],{},"you already have a list",[37,120372,120373],{},"you want to update that list directly",[37,120375,120376],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[37,120378,120379],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[819,120381,120383],{"id":120382},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[52,120385,120387],{"className":54,"code":120386,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120388,120389,120421,120425,120435,120439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120390,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120392,5223],{"class":67},[61,120394,72],{"class":71},[61,120396,76],{"class":75},[61,120398,215],{"class":214},[61,120400,5250],{"class":218},[61,120402,215],{"class":214},[61,120404,83],{"class":75},[61,120406,226],{"class":214},[61,120408,5232],{"class":218},[61,120410,215],{"class":214},[61,120412,83],{"class":75},[61,120414,226],{"class":214},[61,120416,5241],{"class":218},[61,120418,215],{"class":214},[61,120420,98],{"class":75},[61,120422,120423],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120424,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120426,120427,120429,120431,120433],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120428,5267],{"class":67},[61,120430,26],{"class":75},[61,120432,35020],{"class":116},[61,120434,628],{"class":75},[61,120436,120437],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120438,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120440,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120442,127],{"class":126},[61,120444,113],{"class":75},[61,120446,5267],{"class":116},[61,120448,120],{"class":75},[14,120450,120451],{},[23,120452,139],{},[52,120454,120456],{"className":54,"code":120455,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120457,120458],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120461,4129],{"class":75},[61,120463,299],{"class":214},[61,120465,5232],{"class":218},[61,120467,299],{"class":214},[61,120469,83],{"class":75},[61,120471,308],{"class":214},[61,120473,5241],{"class":218},[61,120475,299],{"class":214},[61,120477,83],{"class":75},[61,120479,308],{"class":214},[61,120481,5250],{"class":218},[61,120483,299],{"class":214},[61,120485,98],{"class":75},[14,120487,120488],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120490,120491,120492,26],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[334,120493,80088],{"href":78591},[47,120495,120497,4621,120499,120501],{"id":120496},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120498,73794],{},[18,120500,15062],{}," work with both",[14,120503,10811,120504,4621,120506,120508],{},[18,120505,74641],{},[18,120507,78082],{}," support:",[34,120510,120511,120516],{},[37,120512,120513,120515],{},[18,120514,78306],{}," for descending order",[37,120517,120518,120521],{},[18,120519,120520],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120523,120524],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[819,120526,120528],{"id":120527},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[52,120530,120532],{"className":54,"code":120531,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120533,120534,120554,120558,120580,120584,120602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120535,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120537,68],{"class":67},[61,120539,72],{"class":71},[61,120541,76],{"class":75},[61,120543,1321],{"class":79},[61,120545,83],{"class":75},[61,120547,587],{"class":79},[61,120549,83],{"class":75},[61,120551,86],{"class":79},[61,120553,98],{"class":75},[61,120555,120556],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120557,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120559,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120561,127],{"class":126},[61,120563,113],{"class":75},[61,120565,74731],{"class":126},[61,120567,113],{"class":75},[61,120569,117],{"class":116},[61,120571,83],{"class":75},[61,120573,78285],{"class":9400},[61,120575,72],{"class":71},[61,120577,3837],{"class":1523},[61,120579,480],{"class":75},[61,120581,120582],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120583,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120585,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120587,117],{"class":67},[61,120589,26],{"class":75},[61,120591,35020],{"class":116},[61,120593,113],{"class":75},[61,120595,73794],{"class":9400},[61,120597,72],{"class":71},[61,120599,3837],{"class":1523},[61,120601,120],{"class":75},[61,120603,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,120605,127],{"class":126},[61,120607,113],{"class":75},[61,120609,117],{"class":116},[61,120611,120],{"class":75},[14,120613,120614],{},[23,120615,139],{},[52,120617,120619],{"className":54,"code":120618,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120620,120621,120637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120622,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120624,4129],{"class":75},[61,120626,1321],{"class":79},[61,120628,83],{"class":75},[61,120630,86],{"class":79},[61,120632,83],{"class":75},[61,120634,587],{"class":79},[61,120636,98],{"class":75},[61,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120640,4129],{"class":75},[61,120642,1321],{"class":79},[61,120644,83],{"class":75},[61,120646,86],{"class":79},[61,120648,83],{"class":75},[61,120650,587],{"class":79},[61,120652,98],{"class":75},[819,120654,120656],{"id":120655},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[52,120658,120660],{"className":54,"code":120659,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120661,120662,120694,120698,120724,120728,120750],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120663,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120665,4298],{"class":67},[61,120667,72],{"class":71},[61,120669,76],{"class":75},[61,120671,215],{"class":214},[61,120673,83578],{"class":218},[61,120675,215],{"class":214},[61,120677,83],{"class":75},[61,120679,226],{"class":214},[61,120681,2042],{"class":218},[61,120683,215],{"class":214},[61,120685,83],{"class":75},[61,120687,226],{"class":214},[61,120689,118848],{"class":218},[61,120691,215],{"class":214},[61,120693,98],{"class":75},[61,120695,120696],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120697,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120699,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120701,127],{"class":126},[61,120703,113],{"class":75},[61,120705,74731],{"class":126},[61,120707,113],{"class":75},[61,120709,4340],{"class":116},[61,120711,83],{"class":75},[61,120713,21799],{"class":9400},[61,120715,72],{"class":71},[61,120717,1208],{"class":109},[61,120719,26],{"class":75},[61,120721,8870],{"class":24971},[61,120723,480],{"class":75},[61,120725,120726],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120727,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120729,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120731,4340],{"class":67},[61,120733,26],{"class":75},[61,120735,35020],{"class":116},[61,120737,113],{"class":75},[61,120739,15062],{"class":9400},[61,120741,72],{"class":71},[61,120743,1208],{"class":109},[61,120745,26],{"class":75},[61,120747,8870],{"class":24971},[61,120749,120],{"class":75},[61,120751,120752,120754,120756,120758],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,120753,127],{"class":126},[61,120755,113],{"class":75},[61,120757,4340],{"class":116},[61,120759,120],{"class":75},[14,120761,120762],{},[23,120763,139],{},[52,120765,120767],{"className":54,"code":120766,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120768,120769,120797],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120772,4129],{"class":75},[61,120774,299],{"class":214},[61,120776,2042],{"class":218},[61,120778,299],{"class":214},[61,120780,83],{"class":75},[61,120782,308],{"class":214},[61,120784,83578],{"class":218},[61,120786,299],{"class":214},[61,120788,83],{"class":75},[61,120790,308],{"class":214},[61,120792,118848],{"class":218},[61,120794,299],{"class":214},[61,120796,98],{"class":75},[61,120798,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120800,4129],{"class":75},[61,120802,299],{"class":214},[61,120804,2042],{"class":218},[61,120806,299],{"class":214},[61,120808,83],{"class":75},[61,120810,308],{"class":214},[61,120812,83578],{"class":218},[61,120814,299],{"class":214},[61,120816,83],{"class":75},[61,120818,308],{"class":214},[61,120820,118848],{"class":218},[61,120822,299],{"class":214},[61,120824,98],{"class":75},[14,120826,1750,120827,120829],{},[18,120828,78800],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120831,120832,120833,26],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[334,120834,120836],{"href":120835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[47,120838,120840],{"id":120839},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120842,120843],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[819,120845,120847,120848,12820],{"id":120846},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120849,78082],{},[14,120851,120852],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[52,120854,120856],{"className":54,"code":120855,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120857,120858,120878,120882,120896,120900,120910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120859,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120861,68],{"class":67},[61,120863,72],{"class":71},[61,120865,76],{"class":75},[61,120867,1321],{"class":79},[61,120869,83],{"class":75},[61,120871,587],{"class":79},[61,120873,83],{"class":75},[61,120875,86],{"class":79},[61,120877,98],{"class":75},[61,120879,120880],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120881,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120883,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,120885,869],{"class":67},[61,120887,72],{"class":71},[61,120889,4490],{"class":67},[61,120891,26],{"class":75},[61,120893,35020],{"class":116},[61,120895,628],{"class":75},[61,120897,120898],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,120899,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,120901,120902,120904,120906,120908],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,120903,127],{"class":126},[61,120905,113],{"class":75},[61,120907,892],{"class":116},[61,120909,120],{"class":75},[61,120911,120912,120914,120916,120918],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,120913,127],{"class":126},[61,120915,113],{"class":75},[61,120917,117],{"class":116},[61,120919,120],{"class":75},[14,120921,120922],{},[23,120923,139],{},[52,120925,120926],{"className":54,"code":79423,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,120927,120928,120932],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120929,120930],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120931,12030],{"class":1523},[61,120933,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,120935,4129],{"class":75},[61,120937,80],{"class":79},[61,120939,83],{"class":75},[61,120941,86],{"class":79},[61,120943,83],{"class":75},[61,120945,95],{"class":79},[61,120947,98],{"class":75},[14,120949,12122],{},[34,120951,120952,120957,120962],{},[37,120953,120954,120956],{},[18,120955,119959],{}," sorts the list in place",[37,120958,35236,120959,120961],{},[23,120960,704],{}," return the sorted list",[37,120963,90202,120964,42378,120966],{},[18,120965,892],{},[18,120967,4012],{},[819,120969,120971,120972,120974],{"id":120970},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120973,74641],{}," to change the original list",[52,120976,120978],{"className":54,"code":120977,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120979,120980,121000,121004,121014,121018],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,120981,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996,120998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,120983,68],{"class":67},[61,120985,72],{"class":71},[61,120987,76],{"class":75},[61,120989,1321],{"class":79},[61,120991,83],{"class":75},[61,120993,587],{"class":79},[61,120995,83],{"class":75},[61,120997,86],{"class":79},[61,120999,98],{"class":75},[61,121001,121002],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121003,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121005,121006,121008,121010,121012],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121007,74731],{"class":126},[61,121009,113],{"class":75},[61,121011,117],{"class":116},[61,121013,120],{"class":75},[61,121015,121016],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121017,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121019,121020,121022,121024,121026],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121021,127],{"class":126},[61,121023,113],{"class":75},[61,121025,117],{"class":116},[61,121027,120],{"class":75},[14,121029,121030],{},[23,121031,139],{},[52,121033,121034],{"className":54,"code":119180,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,121035,121036],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121039,4129],{"class":75},[61,121041,1321],{"class":79},[61,121043,83],{"class":75},[61,121045,587],{"class":79},[61,121047,83],{"class":75},[61,121049,86],{"class":79},[61,121051,98],{"class":75},[14,121053,121054,121057],{},[18,121055,121056],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121059,11028],{},[52,121061,121063],{"className":54,"code":121062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121064,121065,121085,121089,121103,121107],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121066,121067,121069,121071,121073,121075,121077,121079,121081,121083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121068,68],{"class":67},[61,121070,72],{"class":71},[61,121072,76],{"class":75},[61,121074,1321],{"class":79},[61,121076,83],{"class":75},[61,121078,587],{"class":79},[61,121080,83],{"class":75},[61,121082,86],{"class":79},[61,121084,98],{"class":75},[61,121086,121087],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121088,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121090,121091,121093,121095,121097,121099,121101],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121092,55866],{"class":67},[61,121094,72],{"class":71},[61,121096,74775],{"class":126},[61,121098,113],{"class":75},[61,121100,117],{"class":116},[61,121102,120],{"class":75},[61,121104,121105],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121106,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121108,121109,121111,121113,121115],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121110,127],{"class":126},[61,121112,113],{"class":75},[61,121114,55885],{"class":116},[61,121116,120],{"class":75},[819,121118,121120,121121,121123],{"id":121119},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121122,64530],{}," on a tuple or string",[52,121125,121126],{"className":54,"code":79525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,121127,121128,121140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121129,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121131,1033],{"class":67},[61,121133,72],{"class":71},[61,121135,226],{"class":214},[61,121137,56],{"class":218},[61,121139,1043],{"class":214},[61,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121143,1056],{"class":67},[61,121145,26],{"class":75},[61,121147,35020],{"class":116},[61,121149,628],{"class":75},[14,121151,121152,121153,33822],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121154,64530],{},[14,121156,121157,121159],{},[18,121158,64530],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121161,121162,121163,121165,121166,26],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121164,74641],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[334,121167,5365],{"href":5814},[819,121169,121171,121172,119217],{"id":121170},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121173,74641],{},[52,121175,121177],{"className":54,"code":121176,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121178,121179,121192,121206,121210,121220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121180,121181,121183,121185,121187,121190],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121182,1033],{"class":67},[61,121184,72],{"class":71},[61,121186,226],{"class":214},[61,121188,121189],{"class":218},"cab",[61,121191,1043],{"class":214},[61,121193,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121195,869],{"class":67},[61,121197,72],{"class":71},[61,121199,74775],{"class":126},[61,121201,113],{"class":75},[61,121203,1056],{"class":116},[61,121205,120],{"class":75},[61,121207,121208],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121209,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121211,121212,121214,121216,121218],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121213,127],{"class":126},[61,121215,113],{"class":75},[61,121217,892],{"class":116},[61,121219,120],{"class":75},[61,121221,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230,121232],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121223,127],{"class":126},[61,121225,113],{"class":75},[61,121227,648],{"class":109},[61,121229,113],{"class":75},[61,121231,892],{"class":116},[61,121233,480],{"class":75},[14,121235,121236],{},[23,121237,139],{},[52,121239,121241],{"className":54,"code":121240,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121242,121243,121271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265,121267,121269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121246,4129],{"class":75},[61,121248,299],{"class":214},[61,121250,334],{"class":218},[61,121252,299],{"class":214},[61,121254,83],{"class":75},[61,121256,308],{"class":214},[61,121258,765],{"class":218},[61,121260,299],{"class":214},[61,121262,83],{"class":75},[61,121264,308],{"class":214},[61,121266,9961],{"class":218},[61,121268,299],{"class":214},[61,121270,98],{"class":75},[61,121272,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281,121283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121274,672],{"class":71},[61,121276,676],{"class":675},[61,121278,308],{"class":214},[61,121280,383],{"class":218},[61,121282,299],{"class":214},[61,121284,685],{"class":71},[14,121286,121287],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[47,121289,113738],{"id":113737},[14,121291,121292],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[34,121294,121295,121298,121303,121308,121314],{},[37,121296,121297],{},"confusing a function with a method",[37,121299,121300,121301,53868],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121302,64530],{},[37,121304,121305,121306,12820],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121307,78082],{},[37,121309,121310,121311,121313],{},"trying to use ",[18,121312,64530],{}," on non-list data types",[37,121315,50729,121316,121318],{},[18,121317,74641],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121320,121321],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[52,121323,121325],{"className":54,"code":121324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121326,121327,121337,121351,121376,121391,121401],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121330,127],{"class":126},[61,121332,113],{"class":75},[61,121334,8569],{"class":116},[61,121336,120],{"class":75},[61,121338,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121340,127],{"class":126},[61,121342,113],{"class":75},[61,121344,74731],{"class":126},[61,121346,113],{"class":75},[61,121348,8569],{"class":116},[61,121350,480],{"class":75},[61,121352,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363,121365,121368,121370,121372,121374],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121354,869],{"class":67},[61,121356,72],{"class":71},[61,121358,8626],{"class":67},[61,121360,26],{"class":75},[61,121362,35020],{"class":116},[61,121364,7596],{"class":75},[61,121366,121367],{"class":67},"; ",[61,121369,127],{"class":126},[61,121371,113],{"class":75},[61,121373,892],{"class":116},[61,121375,120],{"class":75},[61,121377,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386,121389],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121379,127],{"class":126},[61,121381,113],{"class":75},[61,121383,648],{"class":109},[61,121385,113],{"class":75},[61,121387,121388],{"class":116},"my_data",[61,121390,480],{"class":75},[61,121392,121393,121395,121397,121399],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121394,32373],{"class":126},[61,121396,113],{"class":75},[61,121398,74731],{"class":126},[61,121400,120],{"class":75},[61,121402,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,121404,32373],{"class":126},[61,121406,113],{"class":75},[61,121408,383],{"class":109},[61,121410,26],{"class":75},[61,121412,35020],{"class":24971},[61,121414,120],{"class":75},[14,121416,84588],{},[34,121418,121419,121422,121426,121434],{},[37,121420,121421],{},"whether your original list changed",[37,121423,26240,121424,11927],{},[18,121425,74641],{},[37,121427,121428,121429,121431,121432],{},"whether ",[18,121430,64530],{}," returned ",[18,121433,4012],{},[37,121435,121436],{},"what type of object you are working with",[47,121438,121440],{"id":121439},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121442,121443],{},"Use this rule:",[34,121445,121446,121454],{},[37,121447,121448,121449,121451,121452],{},"Need a ",[23,121450,119542],{},": use ",[18,121453,74641],{},[37,121455,121456,121457,121451,121460],{},"Need to ",[23,121458,121459],{},"change one list directly",[18,121461,78082],{},[14,121463,121464,121465,121467],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121466,74641],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[47,121469,1987],{"id":1986},[819,121471,121473,121474,1881,121476,2735],{"id":121472},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121475,74641],{},[18,121477,78082],{},[14,121479,121480,121482],{},[18,121481,74641],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[819,121484,2093,121486,5389,121488,2735],{"id":121485},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121487,78082],{},[18,121489,4012],{},[14,121491,121492],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[819,121494,5398,121496,121498],{"id":121495},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121497,74641],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121500,121501],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[819,121503,28550,121505,121507],{"id":121504},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121506,64530],{}," on a string?",[14,121509,46589,121510,121512,121513,40151],{},[18,121511,64530],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121514,121515],{},"sorted(string)",[819,121517,12041,121519,4621,121521,121523],{"id":121518},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121520,74641],{},[18,121522,64530],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121525,121526,121527,26],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121528,78306],{},[47,121530,2144],{"id":2143},[34,121532,121533,121539,121545,121549,121553],{},[37,121534,121535],{},[334,121536,3808,121537,3741],{"href":74738},[18,121538,74641],{},[37,121540,121541],{},[334,121542,3808,121543,10961],{"href":74992},[18,121544,78082],{},[37,121546,121547],{},[334,121548,80088],{"href":78591},[37,121550,121551],{},[334,121552,120836],{"href":120835},[37,121554,121555],{},[334,121556,52995],{"href":51203},[2169,121558,121559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":121561},[121562,121563,121564,121568,121572,121575,121579,121583,121588,121598,121599,121600,121612],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":119630,"depth":101,"text":119631},{"id":117733,"depth":101,"text":119455,"children":121565},[121566],{"id":119697,"depth":123,"text":121567},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78148,"depth":101,"text":80110,"children":121569},[121570],{"id":119874,"depth":123,"text":121571},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119970,"depth":101,"text":119971,"children":121573},[121574],{"id":119996,"depth":123,"text":119997},{"id":120202,"depth":101,"text":121576,"children":121577},"When to use sorted()",[121578],{"id":120224,"depth":123,"text":120225},{"id":120359,"depth":101,"text":121580,"children":121581},"When to use list.sort()",[121582],{"id":120382,"depth":123,"text":120383},{"id":120496,"depth":101,"text":121584,"children":121585},"reverse and key work with both",[121586,121587],{"id":120527,"depth":123,"text":120528},{"id":120655,"depth":123,"text":120656},{"id":120839,"depth":101,"text":120840,"children":121589},[121590,121592,121594,121596],{"id":120846,"depth":123,"text":121591},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120970,"depth":123,"text":121593},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121119,"depth":123,"text":121595},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121170,"depth":123,"text":121597},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113737,"depth":101,"text":113738},{"id":121439,"depth":101,"text":121440},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":121601},[121602,121604,121606,121608,121610],{"id":121472,"depth":123,"text":121603},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121485,"depth":123,"text":121605},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121495,"depth":123,"text":121607},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121504,"depth":123,"text":121609},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121518,"depth":123,"text":121611},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119501,"description":121613},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121619,"title":42399,"body":121620,"description":123352,"extension":2216,"meta":123353,"navigation":271,"path":123354,"seo":123355,"stem":123356,"__hash__":123357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121621,"toc":123309},[121622,121627,121632,121638,121640,121695,121699,121722,121727,121732,121737,121739,121770,121773,121787,121789,121791,121806,121811,121815,121818,121869,121873,121887,121894,121898,121902,121957,121961,121984,121988,122044,122048,122071,122075,122130,122134,122157,122161,122228,122232,122267,122273,122278,122283,122285,122299,122301,122375,122379,122399,122404,122411,122414,122426,122428,122497,122501,122538,122541,122566,122573,122582,122585,122597,122603,122609,122611,122617,122622,122701,122705,122746,122750,122752,122779,122782,122805,122808,122814,122817,122854,122866,122873,122875,122926,122929,122961,122964,122966,122973,122975,122990,122992,123049,123053,123077,123079,123084,123100,123107,123111,123114,123197,123207,123209,123214,123217,123223,123226,123232,123235,123241,123244,123251,123259,123261,123306],[10,121623,3808,121625,3812],{"id":121624},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121626,47907],{},[14,121628,32538,121629,121631],{},[18,121630,47907],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121633,121634,121635,121637],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121636,47907],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[47,121639,50],{"id":49},[52,121641,121643],{"className":54,"code":121642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121644,121645,121653,121667,121671,121681],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121646,121647,121649,121651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121648,21848],{"class":67},[61,121650,72],{"class":71},[61,121652,45449],{"class":79},[61,121654,121655,121657,121659,121661,121663,121665],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121656,1033],{"class":67},[61,121658,72],{"class":71},[61,121660,49128],{"class":109},[61,121662,113],{"class":75},[61,121664,9521],{"class":116},[61,121666,120],{"class":75},[61,121668,121669],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121670,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121672,121673,121675,121677,121679],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121674,127],{"class":126},[61,121676,113],{"class":75},[61,121678,1056],{"class":116},[61,121680,120],{"class":75},[61,121682,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691,121693],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121684,127],{"class":126},[61,121686,113],{"class":75},[61,121688,648],{"class":109},[61,121690,113],{"class":75},[61,121692,1056],{"class":116},[61,121694,480],{"class":75},[14,121696,121697],{},[23,121698,139],{},[52,121700,121702],{"className":54,"code":121701,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121703,121704,121708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121705,121706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121707,2950],{"class":79},[61,121709,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718,121720],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121711,672],{"class":71},[61,121713,676],{"class":675},[61,121715,308],{"class":214},[61,121717,1208],{"class":218},[61,121719,299],{"class":214},[61,121721,685],{"class":71},[14,121723,165,121724,121726],{},[18,121725,47907],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[47,121728,3911,121730,3914],{"id":121729},"what-str-does",[18,121731,47907],{},[14,121733,121734,121736],{},[18,121735,47907],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121738,2359],{},[34,121740,121741,121748,121755,121762],{},[37,121742,121743,121744,42378,121746],{},"An integer like ",[18,121745,447],{},[18,121747,42349],{},[37,121749,121750,121751,42378,121753],{},"A float like ",[18,121752,40365],{},[18,121754,48318],{},[37,121756,121757,121758,42378,121760],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121759,3837],{},[18,121761,6870],{},[37,121763,121764,121765,42378,121767],{},"A list like ",[18,121766,75463],{},[18,121768,121769],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121771,121772],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[34,121774,121775,121778,121781,121784],{},[37,121776,121777],{},"print it",[37,121779,121780],{},"combine it with other strings",[37,121782,121783],{},"save it to a file",[37,121785,121786],{},"use it in messages",[47,121788,341],{"id":340},[14,121790,7448],{},[52,121792,121794],{"className":54,"code":121793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"str(object)\n",[18,121795,121796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121797,121798,121800,121802,121804],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121799,1208],{"class":109},[61,121801,113],{"class":75},[61,121803,42622],{"class":109},[61,121805,120],{"class":75},[14,121807,20991,121808,121810],{},[18,121809,42622],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121812,121813,8455],{},[18,121814,47907],{},[14,121816,121817],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[52,121819,121821],{"className":54,"code":121820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121822,121823,121832,121855,121859],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121824,121825,121827,121829],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121826,5324],{"class":67},[61,121828,72],{"class":71},[61,121830,121831],{"class":79}," 100\n",[61,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121843,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121835,90222],{"class":67},[61,121837,72],{"class":71},[61,121839,226],{"class":214},[61,121841,121842],{"class":218},"Your score is ",[61,121844,215],{"class":214},[61,121846,2698],{"class":71},[61,121848,49128],{"class":109},[61,121850,113],{"class":75},[61,121852,85735],{"class":116},[61,121854,120],{"class":75},[61,121856,121857],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121858,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121860,121861,121863,121865,121867],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121862,127],{"class":126},[61,121864,113],{"class":75},[61,121866,90239],{"class":116},[61,121868,120],{"class":75},[14,121870,121871],{},[23,121872,139],{},[52,121874,121876],{"className":54,"code":121875,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121877,121878],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121879,121880,121883,121885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121881,121882],{"class":67},"Your score ",[61,121884,12416],{"class":71},[61,121886,121831],{"class":79},[14,121888,2541,121889,121893],{},[334,121890,121891,2548],{"href":2544},[18,121892,2547],{}," can help you check.",[47,121895,121897],{"id":121896},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[819,121899,121901],{"id":121900},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[52,121903,121905],{"className":54,"code":121904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121906,121907,121915,121929,121933,121943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121908,121909,121911,121913],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121910,2464],{"class":67},[61,121912,72],{"class":71},[61,121914,2828],{"class":79},[61,121916,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121918,1033],{"class":67},[61,121920,72],{"class":71},[61,121922,49128],{"class":109},[61,121924,113],{"class":75},[61,121926,2486],{"class":116},[61,121928,120],{"class":75},[61,121930,121931],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,121932,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,121934,121935,121937,121939,121941],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,121936,127],{"class":126},[61,121938,113],{"class":75},[61,121940,1056],{"class":116},[61,121942,120],{"class":75},[61,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,121946,127],{"class":126},[61,121948,113],{"class":75},[61,121950,648],{"class":109},[61,121952,113],{"class":75},[61,121954,1056],{"class":116},[61,121956,480],{"class":75},[14,121958,121959],{},[23,121960,139],{},[52,121962,121964],{"className":54,"code":121963,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121965,121966,121970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121967,121968],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121969,2621],{"class":79},[61,121971,121972,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,121973,672],{"class":71},[61,121975,676],{"class":675},[61,121977,308],{"class":214},[61,121979,1208],{"class":218},[61,121981,299],{"class":214},[61,121983,685],{"class":71},[819,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[52,121989,121991],{"className":54,"code":121990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121992,121993,122002,122016,122020,122030],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,121994,121995,121997,121999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,121996,40609],{"class":67},[61,121998,72],{"class":71},[61,122000,122001],{"class":79}," 3.14\n",[61,122003,122004,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122005,1033],{"class":67},[61,122007,72],{"class":71},[61,122009,49128],{"class":109},[61,122011,113],{"class":75},[61,122013,25370],{"class":116},[61,122015,120],{"class":75},[61,122017,122018],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122019,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122021,122022,122024,122026,122028],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122023,127],{"class":126},[61,122025,113],{"class":75},[61,122027,1056],{"class":116},[61,122029,120],{"class":75},[61,122031,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122033,127],{"class":126},[61,122035,113],{"class":75},[61,122037,648],{"class":109},[61,122039,113],{"class":75},[61,122041,1056],{"class":116},[61,122043,480],{"class":75},[14,122045,122046],{},[23,122047,139],{},[52,122049,122051],{"className":54,"code":122050,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122052,122053,122057],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122054,122055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122056,40399],{"class":79},[61,122058,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122060,672],{"class":71},[61,122062,676],{"class":675},[61,122064,308],{"class":214},[61,122066,1208],{"class":218},[61,122068,299],{"class":214},[61,122070,685],{"class":71},[819,122072,122074],{"id":122073},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[52,122076,122078],{"className":54,"code":122077,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122079,122080,122088,122102,122106,122116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122081,122082,122084,122086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122083,1766],{"class":67},[61,122085,72],{"class":71},[61,122087,6651],{"class":1523},[61,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122091,1033],{"class":67},[61,122093,72],{"class":71},[61,122095,49128],{"class":109},[61,122097,113],{"class":75},[61,122099,1783],{"class":116},[61,122101,120],{"class":75},[61,122103,122104],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122105,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122109,127],{"class":126},[61,122111,113],{"class":75},[61,122113,1056],{"class":116},[61,122115,120],{"class":75},[61,122117,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122119,127],{"class":126},[61,122121,113],{"class":75},[61,122123,648],{"class":109},[61,122125,113],{"class":75},[61,122127,1056],{"class":116},[61,122129,480],{"class":75},[14,122131,122132],{},[23,122133,139],{},[52,122135,122137],{"className":54,"code":122136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122138,122139,122143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122140,122141],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122142,1524],{"class":1523},[61,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122146,672],{"class":71},[61,122148,676],{"class":675},[61,122150,308],{"class":214},[61,122152,1208],{"class":218},[61,122154,299],{"class":214},[61,122156,685],{"class":71},[819,122158,122160],{"id":122159},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[52,122162,122164],{"className":54,"code":122163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122165,122166,122186,122200,122204,122214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122167,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122169,1230],{"class":67},[61,122171,72],{"class":71},[61,122173,76],{"class":75},[61,122175,80],{"class":79},[61,122177,83],{"class":75},[61,122179,86],{"class":79},[61,122181,83],{"class":75},[61,122183,95],{"class":79},[61,122185,98],{"class":75},[61,122187,122188,122190,122192,122194,122196,122198],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122189,1033],{"class":67},[61,122191,72],{"class":71},[61,122193,49128],{"class":109},[61,122195,113],{"class":75},[61,122197,1267],{"class":116},[61,122199,120],{"class":75},[61,122201,122202],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122203,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122205,122206,122208,122210,122212],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122207,127],{"class":126},[61,122209,113],{"class":75},[61,122211,1056],{"class":116},[61,122213,120],{"class":75},[61,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122226],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122217,127],{"class":126},[61,122219,113],{"class":75},[61,122221,648],{"class":109},[61,122223,113],{"class":75},[61,122225,1056],{"class":116},[61,122227,480],{"class":75},[14,122229,122230],{},[23,122231,139],{},[52,122233,122235],{"className":54,"code":122234,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122236,122237,122253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122238,122239,122241,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122240,4129],{"class":75},[61,122242,80],{"class":79},[61,122244,83],{"class":75},[61,122246,86],{"class":79},[61,122248,83],{"class":75},[61,122250,95],{"class":79},[61,122252,98],{"class":75},[61,122254,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122256,672],{"class":71},[61,122258,676],{"class":675},[61,122260,308],{"class":214},[61,122262,1208],{"class":218},[61,122264,299],{"class":214},[61,122266,685],{"class":71},[14,122268,122269,122270,122272],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[23,122271,704],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[47,122274,5189,122276],{"id":122275},"when-to-use-str",[18,122277,47907],{},[14,122279,165,122280,122282],{},[18,122281,47907],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122284,36647],{},[34,122286,122287,122290,122293,122296],{},[37,122288,122289],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[37,122291,122292],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[37,122294,122295],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[37,122297,122298],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122300,197],{},[52,122302,122304],{"className":54,"code":122303,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122305,122306,122318,122326,122330,122365],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122309,8106],{"class":67},[61,122311,72],{"class":71},[61,122313,226],{"class":214},[61,122315,11730],{"class":218},[61,122317,1043],{"class":214},[61,122319,122320,122322,122324],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122321,21848],{"class":67},[61,122323,72],{"class":71},[61,122325,45449],{"class":79},[61,122327,122328],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122329,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122331,122332,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360,122363],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122333,90222],{"class":67},[61,122335,72],{"class":71},[61,122337,36190],{"class":67},[61,122339,2313],{"class":71},[61,122341,226],{"class":214},[61,122343,5011],{"class":218},[61,122345,215],{"class":214},[61,122347,2698],{"class":71},[61,122349,49128],{"class":109},[61,122351,113],{"class":75},[61,122353,9521],{"class":116},[61,122355,3893],{"class":75},[61,122357,2698],{"class":71},[61,122359,226],{"class":214},[61,122361,122362],{"class":218}," years old.",[61,122364,1043],{"class":214},[61,122366,122367,122369,122371,122373],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122368,127],{"class":126},[61,122370,113],{"class":75},[61,122372,90239],{"class":116},[61,122374,120],{"class":75},[14,122376,122377],{},[23,122378,139],{},[52,122380,122382],{"className":54,"code":122381,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122383,122384],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122385,122386,122389,122391,122393,122396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122387,122388],{"class":67},"Maya ",[61,122390,12416],{"class":71},[61,122392,9528],{"class":79},[61,122394,122395],{"class":67}," years old",[61,122397,122398],{"class":75},".\n",[14,122400,122401,122402,26],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[334,122403,89908],{"href":89907},[47,122405,122407,10806,122409],{"id":122406},"str-vs-print",[18,122408,47907],{},[18,122410,46676],{},[14,122412,122413],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[34,122415,122416,122421],{},[37,122417,122418,122420],{},[18,122419,47907],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[37,122422,122423,122425],{},[18,122424,46676],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122427,197],{},[52,122429,122431],{"className":54,"code":122430,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122432,122433,122441,122445,122459,122469,122483],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122434,122435,122437,122439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122436,1766],{"class":67},[61,122438,72],{"class":71},[61,122440,3010],{"class":79},[61,122442,122443],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122444,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122446,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122448,1033],{"class":67},[61,122450,72],{"class":71},[61,122452,49128],{"class":109},[61,122454,113],{"class":75},[61,122456,1783],{"class":116},[61,122458,120],{"class":75},[61,122460,122461,122463,122465,122467],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122462,127],{"class":126},[61,122464,113],{"class":75},[61,122466,1056],{"class":116},[61,122468,120],{"class":75},[61,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122472,127],{"class":126},[61,122474,113],{"class":75},[61,122476,648],{"class":109},[61,122478,113],{"class":75},[61,122480,1056],{"class":116},[61,122482,480],{"class":75},[61,122484,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493,122495],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,122486,127],{"class":126},[61,122488,113],{"class":75},[61,122490,648],{"class":109},[61,122492,113],{"class":75},[61,122494,1783],{"class":116},[61,122496,480],{"class":75},[14,122498,122499],{},[23,122500,139],{},[52,122502,122504],{"className":54,"code":122503,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122505,122506,122510,122524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122507,122508],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122509,46835],{"class":79},[61,122511,122512,122514,122516,122518,122520,122522],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122513,672],{"class":71},[61,122515,676],{"class":675},[61,122517,308],{"class":214},[61,122519,1208],{"class":218},[61,122521,299],{"class":214},[61,122523,685],{"class":71},[61,122525,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534,122536],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122527,672],{"class":71},[61,122529,676],{"class":675},[61,122531,308],{"class":214},[61,122533,1203],{"class":218},[61,122535,299],{"class":214},[61,122537,685],{"class":71},[14,122539,122540],{},"Notice:",[34,122542,122543,122549,122554],{},[37,122544,122545,122548],{},[18,122546,122547],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[37,122550,122551,122553],{},[18,122552,46676],{}," only displayed values",[37,122555,122556,122558,122559,122561,122562,61519,122564],{},[18,122557,46676],{}," did not change ",[18,122560,1783],{}," from ",[18,122563,1203],{},[18,122565,1208],{},[14,122567,122568,122569,26],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[334,122570,122571,2548],{"href":46673},[18,122572,46676],{},[47,122574,122576,10806,122578,122581],{"id":122575},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122577,47907],{},[18,122579,122580],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122583,122584],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[34,122586,122587,122592],{},[37,122588,122589,122591],{},[18,122590,47907],{}," is the more readable text version",[37,122593,122594,122596],{},[18,122595,122580],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122598,122599,122600,122602],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122601,47907],{}," much more often.",[14,122604,122605,122606,122608],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122607,47907],{}," is usually the right choice.",[47,122610,4747],{"id":4746},[819,122612,25995,122614,122616],{"id":122613},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122615,47907],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122618,122619,122621],{},[18,122620,47907],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[52,122623,122625],{"className":54,"code":122624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122626,122627,122635,122649,122653,122663,122677,122687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122628,122629,122631,122633],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122630,21848],{"class":67},[61,122632,72],{"class":71},[61,122634,45449],{"class":79},[61,122636,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122638,1033],{"class":67},[61,122640,72],{"class":71},[61,122642,49128],{"class":109},[61,122644,113],{"class":75},[61,122646,9521],{"class":116},[61,122648,120],{"class":75},[61,122650,122651],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122652,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122656,127],{"class":126},[61,122658,113],{"class":75},[61,122660,9521],{"class":116},[61,122662,120],{"class":75},[61,122664,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673,122675],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,122666,127],{"class":126},[61,122668,113],{"class":75},[61,122670,648],{"class":109},[61,122672,113],{"class":75},[61,122674,9521],{"class":116},[61,122676,480],{"class":75},[61,122678,122679,122681,122683,122685],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,122680,127],{"class":126},[61,122682,113],{"class":75},[61,122684,1056],{"class":116},[61,122686,120],{"class":75},[61,122688,122689,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,122690,127],{"class":126},[61,122692,113],{"class":75},[61,122694,648],{"class":109},[61,122696,113],{"class":75},[61,122698,1056],{"class":116},[61,122700,480],{"class":75},[14,122702,122703],{},[23,122704,139],{},[52,122706,122708],{"className":54,"code":122707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122709,122710,122714,122728,122732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122711,122712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122713,2950],{"class":79},[61,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122717,672],{"class":71},[61,122719,676],{"class":675},[61,122721,308],{"class":214},[61,122723,1203],{"class":218},[61,122725,299],{"class":214},[61,122727,685],{"class":71},[61,122729,122730],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122731,2950],{"class":79},[61,122733,122734,122736,122738,122740,122742,122744],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122735,672],{"class":71},[61,122737,676],{"class":675},[61,122739,308],{"class":214},[61,122741,1208],{"class":218},[61,122743,299],{"class":214},[61,122745,685],{"class":71},[819,122747,122749],{"id":122748},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122751,6917],{},[52,122753,122755],{"className":54,"code":122754,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122756,122757,122765],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122758,122759,122761,122763],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122760,21848],{"class":67},[61,122762,72],{"class":71},[61,122764,45449],{"class":79},[61,122766,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122768,1033],{"class":67},[61,122770,72],{"class":71},[61,122772,49128],{"class":109},[61,122774,113],{"class":75},[61,122776,9521],{"class":116},[61,122778,120],{"class":75},[14,122780,122781],{},"But if you only do this:",[52,122783,122785],{"className":54,"code":122784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122786,122787,122795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122788,122789,122791,122793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122790,21848],{"class":67},[61,122792,72],{"class":71},[61,122794,45449],{"class":79},[61,122796,122797,122799,122801,122803],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122798,1208],{"class":109},[61,122800,113],{"class":75},[61,122802,9521],{"class":116},[61,122804,120],{"class":75},[14,122806,122807],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[819,122809,1750,122811,122813],{"id":122810},"using-str-too-early",[18,122812,47907],{}," too early",[14,122815,122816],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[52,122818,122820],{"className":54,"code":122819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122821,122822,122830,122845,122849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122823,122824,122826,122828],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122825,40609],{"class":67},[61,122827,72],{"class":71},[61,122829,2828],{"class":79},[61,122831,122832,122835,122837,122839,122841,122843],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122833,122834],{"class":67},"text_price ",[61,122836,72],{"class":71},[61,122838,49128],{"class":109},[61,122840,113],{"class":75},[61,122842,25370],{"class":116},[61,122844,120],{"class":75},[61,122846,122847],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,122848,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,122850,122851],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,122852,122853],{"class":3896},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122855,122856,122857,1881,122861,122865],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[334,122858,122859],{"href":3115},[18,122860,3118],{},[334,122862,122863],{"href":3121},[18,122864,3124],{},", depending on the situation.",[819,122867,1864,122869,122872],{"id":122868},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122870,122871],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122874,64862],{},[52,122876,122878],{"className":54,"code":122877,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122879,122880,122912],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122883,1230],{"class":67},[61,122885,72],{"class":71},[61,122887,76],{"class":75},[61,122889,215],{"class":214},[61,122891,2042],{"class":218},[61,122893,215],{"class":214},[61,122895,83],{"class":75},[61,122897,226],{"class":214},[61,122899,1040],{"class":218},[61,122901,215],{"class":214},[61,122903,83],{"class":75},[61,122905,226],{"class":214},[61,122907,33442],{"class":218},[61,122909,215],{"class":214},[61,122911,98],{"class":75},[61,122913,122914,122916,122918,122920,122922,122924],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,122915,127],{"class":126},[61,122917,113],{"class":75},[61,122919,1208],{"class":109},[61,122921,113],{"class":75},[61,122923,1267],{"class":116},[61,122925,480],{"class":75},[14,122927,122928],{},"prints:",[52,122930,122931],{"className":54,"code":73053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,122932,122933],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122934,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957,122959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,122936,4129],{"class":75},[61,122938,299],{"class":214},[61,122940,2042],{"class":218},[61,122942,299],{"class":214},[61,122944,83],{"class":75},[61,122946,308],{"class":214},[61,122948,1040],{"class":218},[61,122950,299],{"class":214},[61,122952,83],{"class":75},[61,122954,308],{"class":214},[61,122956,33442],{"class":218},[61,122958,299],{"class":214},[61,122960,98],{"class":75},[14,122962,122963],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[47,122965,17640],{"id":17639},[14,122967,122968,22195,122970,26],{},[18,122969,47907],{},[23,122971,122972],{},"new string",[14,122974,11679],{},[34,122976,122977,122980,122983],{},[37,122978,122979],{},"It always returns a string",[37,122981,122982],{},"It does not modify the original object",[37,122984,7994,122985,122989],{},[334,122986,122987],{"href":2544},[18,122988,2547],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122991,197],{},[52,122993,122995],{"className":54,"code":122994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122996,122997,123005,123020,123024,123035],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,122998,122999,123001,123003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123000,1766],{"class":67},[61,123002,72],{"class":71},[61,123004,14351],{"class":79},[61,123006,123007,123010,123012,123014,123016,123018],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123008,123009],{"class":67},"converted ",[61,123011,72],{"class":71},[61,123013,49128],{"class":109},[61,123015,113],{"class":75},[61,123017,1783],{"class":116},[61,123019,120],{"class":75},[61,123021,123022],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,123023,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,123025,123026,123028,123030,123033],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,123027,127],{"class":126},[61,123029,113],{"class":75},[61,123031,123032],{"class":116},"converted",[61,123034,120],{"class":75},[61,123036,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,123038,127],{"class":126},[61,123040,113],{"class":75},[61,123042,648],{"class":109},[61,123044,113],{"class":75},[61,123046,123032],{"class":116},[61,123048,480],{"class":75},[14,123050,123051],{},[23,123052,139],{},[52,123054,123056],{"className":54,"code":123055,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123057,123058,123063],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123059,123060],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123061,123062],{"class":79},"99\n",[61,123064,123065,123067,123069,123071,123073,123075],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123066,672],{"class":71},[61,123068,676],{"class":675},[61,123070,308],{"class":214},[61,123072,1208],{"class":218},[61,123074,299],{"class":214},[61,123076,685],{"class":71},[47,123078,113738],{"id":113737},[14,123080,123081,123082,75032],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123083,47907],{},[34,123085,123086,123089,123092,123097],{},[37,123087,123088],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[37,123090,123091],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[37,123093,1750,123094,123096],{},[18,123095,47907],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[37,123098,123099],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123101,123102,123103,26],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[334,123104,25900,123105],{"href":90620},[18,123106,90621],{},[47,123108,123110],{"id":123109},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123112,123113],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[52,123115,123117],{"className":54,"code":123116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123118,123119,123127,123131,123141,123155,123159,123173,123183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123120,123121,123123,123125],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123122,1766],{"class":67},[61,123124,72],{"class":71},[61,123126,45449],{"class":79},[61,123128,123129],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123130,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,123132,123133,123135,123137,123139],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,123134,127],{"class":126},[61,123136,113],{"class":75},[61,123138,1783],{"class":116},[61,123140,120],{"class":75},[61,123142,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,123144,127],{"class":126},[61,123146,113],{"class":75},[61,123148,648],{"class":109},[61,123150,113],{"class":75},[61,123152,1783],{"class":116},[61,123154,480],{"class":75},[61,123156,123157],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,123158,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,123160,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,123162,123009],{"class":67},[61,123164,72],{"class":71},[61,123166,49128],{"class":109},[61,123168,113],{"class":75},[61,123170,1783],{"class":116},[61,123172,120],{"class":75},[61,123174,123175,123177,123179,123181],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,123176,127],{"class":126},[61,123178,113],{"class":75},[61,123180,123032],{"class":116},[61,123182,120],{"class":75},[61,123184,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193,123195],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,123186,127],{"class":126},[61,123188,113],{"class":75},[61,123190,648],{"class":109},[61,123192,113],{"class":75},[61,123194,123032],{"class":116},[61,123196,480],{"class":75},[14,123198,123199,123200,2437,123202,123204,123205,26],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123201,1203],{},[18,123203,1213],{},", or another type into ",[18,123206,1208],{},[47,123208,1987],{"id":1986},[819,123210,5371,123212,5374],{"id":123211},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123213,47907],{},[14,123215,123216],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[819,123218,12927,123220,123222],{"id":123219},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123221,47907],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123224,123225],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[819,123227,5398,123229,123231],{"id":123228},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123230,47907],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123233,123234],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[819,123236,94805,123238,123240],{"id":123237},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123239,47907],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123242,123243],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[819,123245,15124,123247,57430,123249,2735],{"id":123246},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123248,47907],{},[18,123250,46676],{},[14,123252,46589,123253,123255,123256,123258],{},[18,123254,47907],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123257,46676],{}," shows output.",[47,123260,2144],{"id":2143},[34,123262,123263,123269,123275,123281,123287,123296,123300],{},[37,123264,123265],{},[334,123266,123267,3741],{"href":46673},[18,123268,46676],{},[37,123270,123271],{},[334,123272,123273,3741],{"href":2544},[18,123274,2547],{},[37,123276,123277],{},[334,123278,123279,3741],{"href":3115},[18,123280,3118],{},[37,123282,123283],{},[334,123284,123285,3741],{"href":3121},[18,123286,3124],{},[37,123288,123289],{},[334,123290,123292,123293,123295],{"href":123291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123294,1203],{}," to string in Python",[37,123297,123298],{},[334,123299,90897],{"href":89907},[37,123301,123302],{},[334,123303,30568,123304],{"href":90620},[18,123305,90621],{},[2169,123307,123308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":123310},[123311,123312,123314,123315,123321,123323,123325,123327,123336,123337,123338,123339,123351],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":121729,"depth":101,"text":123313},"What str() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":121896,"depth":101,"text":121897,"children":123316},[123317,123318,123319,123320],{"id":121900,"depth":123,"text":121901},{"id":121986,"depth":123,"text":121987},{"id":122073,"depth":123,"text":122074},{"id":122159,"depth":123,"text":122160},{"id":122275,"depth":101,"text":123322},"When to use str()",{"id":122406,"depth":101,"text":123324},"str() vs print()",{"id":122575,"depth":101,"text":123326},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":123328},[123329,123331,123332,123334],{"id":122613,"depth":123,"text":123330},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122748,"depth":123,"text":122749},{"id":122810,"depth":123,"text":123333},"Using str() too early",{"id":122868,"depth":123,"text":123335},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":113737,"depth":101,"text":113738},{"id":123109,"depth":101,"text":123110},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":123340},[123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"id":123211,"depth":123,"text":123342},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123219,"depth":123,"text":123344},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123228,"depth":123,"text":123346},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123237,"depth":123,"text":123348},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123246,"depth":123,"text":123350},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42399,"description":123352},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123359,"title":123360,"body":123361,"description":124814,"extension":2216,"meta":124815,"navigation":271,"path":124816,"seo":124817,"stem":124818,"__hash__":124819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123362,"toc":124776},[123363,123369,123375,123378,123400,123402,123464,123466,123479,123485,123490,123495,123497,123510,123521,123523,123550,123552,123569,123576,123587,123589,123594,123596,123608,123616,123625,123627,123630,123683,123685,123693,123701,123705,123710,123750,123752,123760,123763,123765,123805,123807,123815,123825,123831,123834,123907,123909,123922,123926,123931,123959,123962,123997,123999,124007,124010,124014,124018,124020,124036,124038,124078,124080,124088,124097,124140,124142,124150,124152,124156,124162,124165,124205,124207,124215,124220,124223,124266,124270,124273,124308,124313,124315,124354,124364,124372,124382,124390,124394,124399,124401,124442,124444,124452,124457,124460,124463,124481,124487,124491,124496,124499,124539,124541,124546,124645,124648,124664,124666,124685,124687,124694,124697,124703,124706,124712,124716,124722,124725,124731,124734,124736,124773],[10,123364,123366,123367,11542],{"id":123365},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123368,57515],{},[14,123370,123371,123372,123374],{},"The Python string ",[18,123373,57515],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123376,123377],{},"This reference page explains:",[34,123379,123380,123384,123387,123389,123397],{},[37,123381,26240,123382,3914],{},[18,123383,57515],{},[37,123385,123386],{},"its syntax",[37,123388,35616],{},[37,123390,123391,123392,4621,123394,123396],{},"how ",[18,123393,36294],{},[18,123395,52884],{}," work",[37,123398,123399],{},"common beginner mistakes",[47,123401,50],{"id":49},[52,123403,123405],{"className":54,"code":123404,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123406,123407,123419,123441],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123408,123409,123411,123413,123415,123417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123410,1033],{"class":67},[61,123412,72],{"class":71},[61,123414,226],{"class":214},[61,123416,1040],{"class":218},[61,123418,1043],{"class":214},[61,123420,123421,123423,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123422,127],{"class":126},[61,123424,113],{"class":75},[61,123426,1056],{"class":116},[61,123428,26],{"class":75},[61,123430,41482],{"class":116},[61,123432,113],{"class":75},[61,123434,215],{"class":214},[61,123436,334],{"class":218},[61,123438,215],{"class":214},[61,123440,480],{"class":75},[61,123442,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457,123460,123462],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,123444,127],{"class":126},[61,123446,113],{"class":75},[61,123448,1056],{"class":116},[61,123450,26],{"class":75},[61,123452,41482],{"class":116},[61,123454,113],{"class":75},[61,123456,215],{"class":214},[61,123458,123459],{"class":218},"na",[61,123461,215],{"class":214},[61,123463,480],{"class":75},[14,123465,139],{},[52,123467,123469],{"className":54,"code":123468,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"3\n2\n",[18,123470,123471,123475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123472,123473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123474,46840],{"class":79},[61,123476,123477],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123478,17277],{"class":79},[14,123480,165,123481,123484],{},[18,123482,123483],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[47,123486,13220,123488,13223],{"id":123487},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123489,57515],{},[14,123491,123492,123494],{},[18,123493,57515],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123496,13276],{},[34,123498,123499,123502,123505,123507],{},[37,123500,123501],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[37,123503,123504],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[37,123506,43882],{},[37,123508,123509],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123511,123512,123513,123515,123516,2437,123518,123520],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123514,18315],{}," characters are in ",[18,123517,65492],{},[18,123519,57515],{}," is a simple choice.",[47,123522,341],{"id":340},[52,123524,123526],{"className":54,"code":123525,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123527,123528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123529,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123531,389],{"class":67},[61,123533,26],{"class":75},[61,123535,41482],{"class":116},[61,123537,113],{"class":75},[61,123539,1783],{"class":116},[61,123541,83],{"class":75},[61,123543,36273],{"class":116},[61,123545,83],{"class":75},[61,123547,65258],{"class":116},[61,123549,120],{"class":75},[819,123551,17616],{"id":17615},[34,123553,123554,123559,123564],{},[37,123555,123556,123558],{},[18,123557,1783],{},": the text to search for",[37,123560,123561,123563],{},[18,123562,36294],{},": optional; where counting begins",[37,123565,123566,123568],{},[18,123567,52884],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123570,123571,4621,123573,123575],{},[18,123572,36294],{},[18,123574,52884],{}," work like slice positions:",[34,123577,123578,123583],{},[37,123579,123580,123582],{},[18,123581,36294],{}," is included",[37,123584,123585,75958],{},[18,123586,52884],{},[47,123588,17640],{"id":17639},[14,123590,123591,123593],{},[18,123592,57515],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123595,400],{},[34,123597,123598,123603],{},[37,123599,123600,123601],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123602,1321],{},[37,123604,123605,123606],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123607,582],{},[14,123609,41128,123610,5389,123612,1881,123614,26],{},[23,123611,704],{},[18,123613,3837],{},[18,123615,3907],{},[14,123617,123618,123619,123624],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[334,123620,123622,101790],{"href":123621},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123623,1433],{}," is often a better fit.",[47,123626,11696],{"id":11695},[14,123628,123629],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[52,123631,123633],{"className":54,"code":123632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123634,123635,123647,123669,123673],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123636,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123638,1033],{"class":67},[61,123640,72],{"class":71},[61,123642,226],{"class":214},[61,123644,2042],{"class":218},[61,123646,1043],{"class":214},[61,123648,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123650,869],{"class":67},[61,123652,72],{"class":71},[61,123654,43065],{"class":67},[61,123656,26],{"class":75},[61,123658,41482],{"class":116},[61,123660,113],{"class":75},[61,123662,215],{"class":214},[61,123664,14],{"class":218},[61,123666,215],{"class":214},[61,123668,120],{"class":75},[61,123670,123671],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,123672,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,123674,123675,123677,123679,123681],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,123676,127],{"class":126},[61,123678,113],{"class":75},[61,123680,892],{"class":116},[61,123682,120],{"class":75},[14,123684,139],{},[52,123686,123687],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123688,123689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123690,123691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123692,17277],{"class":79},[14,123694,64038,123695,123698,123699,26],{},[18,123696,123697],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123700,58058],{},[47,123702,123704],{"id":123703},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123706,123707,123709],{},[18,123708,57515],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[52,123711,123713],{"className":54,"code":123712,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123714,123715,123728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123716,123717,123719,123721,123723,123726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123718,1033],{"class":67},[61,123720,72],{"class":71},[61,123722,226],{"class":214},[61,123724,123725],{"class":218},"cat dog cat bird cat",[61,123727,1043],{"class":214},[61,123729,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123731,127],{"class":126},[61,123733,113],{"class":75},[61,123735,1056],{"class":116},[61,123737,26],{"class":75},[61,123739,41482],{"class":116},[61,123741,113],{"class":75},[61,123743,215],{"class":214},[61,123745,37269],{"class":218},[61,123747,215],{"class":214},[61,123749,480],{"class":75},[14,123751,139],{},[52,123753,123754],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123755,123756],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123757,123758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123759,46840],{"class":79},[14,123761,123762],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123764,197],{},[52,123766,123768],{"className":54,"code":123767,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123769,123770,123783],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123771,123772,123774,123776,123778,123781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123773,1033],{"class":67},[61,123775,72],{"class":71},[61,123777,226],{"class":214},[61,123779,123780],{"class":218},"one One one",[61,123782,1043],{"class":214},[61,123784,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123786,127],{"class":126},[61,123788,113],{"class":75},[61,123790,1056],{"class":116},[61,123792,26],{"class":75},[61,123794,41482],{"class":116},[61,123796,113],{"class":75},[61,123798,215],{"class":214},[61,123800,6814],{"class":218},[61,123802,215],{"class":214},[61,123804,480],{"class":75},[14,123806,139],{},[52,123808,123809],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,123810,123811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123812,123813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123814,17277],{"class":79},[14,123816,123817,123818,123821,123822,123824],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123819,123820],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123823,57515],{}," is case-sensitive.",[47,123826,1750,123827,4621,123829],{"id":65623},[18,123828,36294],{},[18,123830,52884],{},[14,123832,123833],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[52,123835,123837],{"className":54,"code":123836,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123838,123839,123851,123877],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123840,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123842,1033],{"class":67},[61,123844,72],{"class":71},[61,123846,226],{"class":214},[61,123848,1040],{"class":218},[61,123850,1043],{"class":214},[61,123852,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123854,127],{"class":126},[61,123856,113],{"class":75},[61,123858,1056],{"class":116},[61,123860,26],{"class":75},[61,123862,41482],{"class":116},[61,123864,113],{"class":75},[61,123866,215],{"class":214},[61,123868,334],{"class":218},[61,123870,215],{"class":214},[61,123872,83],{"class":75},[61,123874,86],{"class":79},[61,123876,480],{"class":75},[61,123878,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,123880,127],{"class":126},[61,123882,113],{"class":75},[61,123884,1056],{"class":116},[61,123886,26],{"class":75},[61,123888,41482],{"class":116},[61,123890,113],{"class":75},[61,123892,215],{"class":214},[61,123894,334],{"class":218},[61,123896,215],{"class":214},[61,123898,83],{"class":75},[61,123900,86],{"class":79},[61,123902,83],{"class":75},[61,123904,950],{"class":79},[61,123906,480],{"class":75},[14,123908,139],{},[52,123910,123912],{"className":54,"code":123911,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"2\n1\n",[18,123913,123914,123918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123915,123916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123917,17277],{"class":79},[61,123919,123920],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123921,47140],{"class":79},[819,123923,123925],{"id":123924},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123927,123928,123929,378],{},"In ",[18,123930,65492],{},[34,123932,123933,123941,123949],{},[37,123934,71182,123935,123937,123938],{},[18,123936,2310],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123939,123940],{},"\"n\"",[37,123942,123943,123946,123947,76255],{},[18,123944,123945],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123948,2310],{},[37,123950,123951,123946,123954,123956,123957],{},[18,123952,123953],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123955,2310],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123958,945],{},[14,123960,123961],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[52,123963,123965],{"className":54,"code":123964,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123966,123967,123979],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,123968,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,123970,1033],{"class":67},[61,123972,72],{"class":71},[61,123974,226],{"class":214},[61,123976,1040],{"class":218},[61,123978,1043],{"class":214},[61,123980,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,123982,127],{"class":126},[61,123984,113],{"class":75},[61,123986,1056],{"class":116},[61,123988,4129],{"class":75},[61,123990,2310],{"class":79},[61,123992,378],{"class":75},[61,123994,945],{"class":79},[61,123996,1474],{"class":75},[14,123998,139],{},[52,124000,124001],{"className":54,"code":41691,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124002,124003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124004,124005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124006,41691],{"class":67},[14,124008,124009],{},"Only that section is searched.",[47,124011,124013],{"id":124012},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124015,124016,123824],{},[18,124017,57515],{},[14,124019,2359],{},[34,124021,124022,124030],{},[37,124023,124024,4621,124026,124029],{},[18,124025,18315],{},[18,124027,124028],{},"\"A\""," are different",[37,124031,124032,4621,124034,124029],{},[18,124033,64753],{},[18,124035,90633],{},[14,124037,197],{},[52,124039,124041],{"className":54,"code":124040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124042,124043,124056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124044,124045,124047,124049,124051,124054],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124046,1033],{"class":67},[61,124048,72],{"class":71},[61,124050,226],{"class":214},[61,124052,124053],{"class":218},"Apple apple APPLE",[61,124055,1043],{"class":214},[61,124057,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072,124074,124076],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124059,127],{"class":126},[61,124061,113],{"class":75},[61,124063,1056],{"class":116},[61,124065,26],{"class":75},[61,124067,41482],{"class":116},[61,124069,113],{"class":75},[61,124071,215],{"class":214},[61,124073,2042],{"class":218},[61,124075,215],{"class":214},[61,124077,480],{"class":75},[14,124079,139],{},[52,124081,124082],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124083,124084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124085,124086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124087,47140],{"class":79},[14,124089,124090,124091,378],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[334,124092,124094],{"href":124093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124095,124096],{},"lower()",[52,124098,124100],{"className":54,"code":124099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124101,124102,124114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124103,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124105,1033],{"class":67},[61,124107,72],{"class":71},[61,124109,226],{"class":214},[61,124111,124053],{"class":218},[61,124113,1043],{"class":214},[61,124115,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134,124136,124138],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124117,127],{"class":126},[61,124119,113],{"class":75},[61,124121,1056],{"class":116},[61,124123,26],{"class":75},[61,124125,8870],{"class":116},[61,124127,8867],{"class":75},[61,124129,41482],{"class":116},[61,124131,113],{"class":75},[61,124133,215],{"class":214},[61,124135,2042],{"class":218},[61,124137,215],{"class":214},[61,124139,480],{"class":75},[14,124141,139],{},[52,124143,124144],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124145,124146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124147,124148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124149,46840],{"class":79},[47,124151,1741],{"id":1740},[14,124153,23315,124154,26],{},[18,124155,57515],{},[819,124157,1864,124159,124161],{"id":124158},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124160,57515],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124163,124164],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[52,124166,124168],{"className":54,"code":124167,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124169,124170,124183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178,124181],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124173,1033],{"class":67},[61,124175,72],{"class":71},[61,124177,226],{"class":214},[61,124179,124180],{"class":218},"Aardvark",[61,124182,1043],{"class":214},[61,124184,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124186,127],{"class":126},[61,124188,113],{"class":75},[61,124190,1056],{"class":116},[61,124192,26],{"class":75},[61,124194,41482],{"class":116},[61,124196,113],{"class":75},[61,124198,215],{"class":214},[61,124200,334],{"class":218},[61,124202,215],{"class":214},[61,124204,480],{"class":75},[14,124206,139],{},[52,124208,124209],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124210,124211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124212,124213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124214,17277],{"class":79},[14,124216,123817,124217,124219],{},[18,124218,124028],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124221,124222],{},"If needed, convert first:",[52,124224,124226],{"className":54,"code":124225,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124227,124228,124240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124229,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124231,1033],{"class":67},[61,124233,72],{"class":71},[61,124235,226],{"class":214},[61,124237,124180],{"class":218},[61,124239,1043],{"class":214},[61,124241,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262,124264],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124243,127],{"class":126},[61,124245,113],{"class":75},[61,124247,1056],{"class":116},[61,124249,26],{"class":75},[61,124251,8870],{"class":116},[61,124253,8867],{"class":75},[61,124255,41482],{"class":116},[61,124257,113],{"class":75},[61,124259,215],{"class":214},[61,124261,334],{"class":218},[61,124263,215],{"class":214},[61,124265,480],{"class":75},[819,124267,124269],{"id":124268},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124271,124272],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[52,124274,124276],{"className":54,"code":124275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124277,124278,124290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124279,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124281,1033],{"class":67},[61,124283,72],{"class":71},[61,124285,226],{"class":214},[61,124287,1040],{"class":218},[61,124289,1043],{"class":214},[61,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302,124304,124306],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124293,127],{"class":126},[61,124295,113],{"class":75},[61,124297,1056],{"class":116},[61,124299,26],{"class":75},[61,124301,41482],{"class":116},[61,124303,113],{"class":75},[61,124305,334],{"class":116},[61,124307,480],{"class":75},[14,124309,124310,124311,26],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124312,334],{},[14,124314,11028],{},[52,124316,124318],{"className":54,"code":124317,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124319,124320,124332],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124321,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124323,1033],{"class":67},[61,124325,72],{"class":71},[61,124327,226],{"class":214},[61,124329,1040],{"class":218},[61,124331,1043],{"class":214},[61,124333,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124335,127],{"class":126},[61,124337,113],{"class":75},[61,124339,1056],{"class":116},[61,124341,26],{"class":75},[61,124343,41482],{"class":116},[61,124345,113],{"class":75},[61,124347,215],{"class":214},[61,124349,334],{"class":218},[61,124351,215],{"class":214},[61,124353,480],{"class":75},[819,124355,1874,124357,1877,124359,1881,124362],{"id":124356},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124358,57515],{},[18,124360,124361],{},"find()",[18,124363,59193],{},[14,124365,165,124366,124368,124369,26],{},[18,124367,57515],{}," when you need the ",[23,124370,124371],{},"number of matches",[14,124373,165,124374,124368,124379,124381],{},[334,124375,124377],{"href":124376},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124378,124361],{},[23,124380,65164],{}," of the first match.",[14,124383,165,124384,124389],{},[334,124385,124387],{"href":124386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124388,59193],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[819,124391,124393],{"id":124392},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124395,124396,124398],{},[18,124397,57515],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124400,197],{},[52,124402,124404],{"className":54,"code":124403,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124405,124406,124419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124407,124408,124410,124412,124414,124417],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124409,1033],{"class":67},[61,124411,72],{"class":71},[61,124413,226],{"class":214},[61,124415,124416],{"class":218},"aaaa",[61,124418,1043],{"class":214},[61,124420,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124438,124440],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124422,127],{"class":126},[61,124424,113],{"class":75},[61,124426,1056],{"class":116},[61,124428,26],{"class":75},[61,124430,41482],{"class":116},[61,124432,113],{"class":75},[61,124434,215],{"class":214},[61,124436,124437],{"class":218},"aa",[61,124439,215],{"class":214},[61,124441,480],{"class":75},[14,124443,139],{},[52,124445,124446],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,124447,124448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124449,124450],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124451,17277],{"class":79},[14,124453,124454,124455,26],{},"It does not return ",[18,124456,1321],{},[14,124458,124459],{},"Why not?",[14,124461,124462],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[34,124464,124465,124474],{},[37,124466,124467,124470,124471],{},[18,124468,124469],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124472,124473],{},"0-1",[37,124475,124476,124470,124478],{},[18,124477,124469],{},[18,124479,124480],{},"2-3",[14,124482,124483,124484,26],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124485,124486],{},"1-2",[47,124488,5189,124489],{"id":58598},[18,124490,57515],{},[14,124492,165,124493,124495],{},[18,124494,57515],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124497,124498],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[34,124500,124501,124510,124520,124530],{},[37,124502,165,124503,124505,124506,124509],{},[18,124504,57515],{}," when you need ",[23,124507,124508],{},"how many times"," something appears",[37,124511,165,124512,124505,124516,124519],{},[334,124513,124514],{"href":124376},[18,124515,124361],{},[23,124517,124518],{},"where"," it appears",[37,124521,48034,124522,124526,124527],{},[334,124523,124524,101790],{"href":123621},[18,124525,1433],{}," when you only need to know ",[23,124528,124529],{},"if it exists",[37,124531,165,124532,124538],{},[334,124533,124535],{"href":124534},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124536,124537],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[47,124540,26163],{"id":26162},[14,124542,9101,124543,124545],{},[18,124544,57515],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[52,124547,124549],{"className":54,"code":124548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124550,124551,124561,124575,124597,124623],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124552,124553,124555,124557,124559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124554,127],{"class":126},[61,124556,113],{"class":75},[61,124558,1056],{"class":116},[61,124560,120],{"class":75},[61,124562,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124564,127],{"class":126},[61,124566,113],{"class":75},[61,124568,648],{"class":109},[61,124570,113],{"class":75},[61,124572,1056],{"class":116},[61,124574,480],{"class":75},[61,124576,124577,124579,124581,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,124578,127],{"class":126},[61,124580,113],{"class":75},[61,124582,1056],{"class":116},[61,124584,26],{"class":75},[61,124586,41482],{"class":116},[61,124588,113],{"class":75},[61,124590,215],{"class":214},[61,124592,334],{"class":218},[61,124594,215],{"class":214},[61,124596,480],{"class":75},[61,124598,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617,124619,124621],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,124600,127],{"class":126},[61,124602,113],{"class":75},[61,124604,1056],{"class":116},[61,124606,26],{"class":75},[61,124608,8870],{"class":116},[61,124610,8867],{"class":75},[61,124612,41482],{"class":116},[61,124614,113],{"class":75},[61,124616,215],{"class":214},[61,124618,334],{"class":218},[61,124620,215],{"class":214},[61,124622,480],{"class":75},[61,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,124626,127],{"class":126},[61,124628,113],{"class":75},[61,124630,1056],{"class":116},[61,124632,26],{"class":75},[61,124634,41482],{"class":116},[61,124636,113],{"class":75},[61,124638,215],{"class":214},[61,124640,123459],{"class":218},[61,124642,215],{"class":214},[61,124644,480],{"class":75},[14,124646,124647],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[34,124649,124650,124653,124658,124661],{},[37,124651,124652],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[37,124654,124655,124657],{},[18,124656,1056],{}," not being a string",[37,124659,124660],{},"counting the wrong substring",[37,124662,124663],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124665,59087],{},[34,124667,124668,124671,124674,124677],{},[37,124669,124670],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[37,124672,124673],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[37,124675,124676],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[37,124678,50715,124679,44853,124681,1881,124683,73528],{},[18,124680,57515],{},[18,124682,124361],{},[18,124684,1433],{},[47,124686,1987],{"id":1986},[819,124688,124690,124691,124693],{"id":124689},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124692,57515],{}," change the original string?",[14,124695,124696],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[819,124698,15124,124700,124702],{"id":124699},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124701,57515],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124704,124705],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[819,124707,5371,124709,124711],{"id":124708},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124710,57515],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124713,5377,124714,26],{},[18,124715,582],{},[819,124717,5398,124719,124721],{"id":124718},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124720,57515],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124723,124724],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[819,124726,12927,124728,124730],{"id":124727},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124729,57515],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124732,124733],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[47,124735,2144],{"id":2143},[34,124737,124738,124745,124752,124759,124766],{},[37,124739,124740],{},[334,124741,124742],{"href":124376},[18,124743,124744],{},"Python string find() method",[37,124746,124747],{},[334,124748,124749],{"href":124386},[18,124750,124751],{},"Python string index() method",[37,124753,124754],{},[334,124755,124756],{"href":124093},[18,124757,124758],{},"Python string lower() method",[37,124760,124761],{},[334,124762,124763],{"href":123621},[18,124764,124765],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[37,124767,124768],{},[334,124769,124770],{"href":124534},[18,124771,124772],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2169,124774,124775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":124777},[124778,124779,124781,124784,124785,124786,124787,124790,124791,124799,124800,124801,124813],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":123487,"depth":101,"text":124780},"What the count() method does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":124782},[124783],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":123703,"depth":101,"text":123704},{"id":65623,"depth":101,"text":66406,"children":124788},[124789],{"id":123924,"depth":123,"text":123925},{"id":124012,"depth":101,"text":124013},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":124792},[124793,124795,124796,124798],{"id":124158,"depth":123,"text":124794},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124268,"depth":123,"text":124269},{"id":124356,"depth":123,"text":124797},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124392,"depth":123,"text":124393},{"id":58598,"depth":101,"text":59229},{"id":26162,"depth":101,"text":26163},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":124802},[124803,124805,124807,124809,124811],{"id":124689,"depth":123,"text":124804},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124699,"depth":123,"text":124806},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124708,"depth":123,"text":124808},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124718,"depth":123,"text":124810},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124727,"depth":123,"text":124812},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123360,"description":124814},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124821,"title":124822,"body":124823,"description":126408,"extension":2216,"meta":126409,"navigation":271,"path":126410,"seo":126411,"stem":126412,"__hash__":126413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124824,"toc":126381},[124825,124828,124831,124928,124937,124939,124958,124962,124965,124968,124981,124984,125013,125018,125023,125081,125083,125116,125122,125126,125129,125132,125161,125164,125191,125194,125197,125201,125204,125211,125274,125276,125294,125297,125301,125304,125307,125349,125352,125396,125399,125402,125406,125411,125414,125457,125459,125482,125485,125518,125521,125570,125580,125584,125587,125590,125619,125622,125633,125635,125694,125697,125701,125704,125707,125722,125731,125734,125768,125771,125798,125801,125808,125810,125813,125815,125818,125832,125841,125843,125870,125874,125877,125891,125894,125953,125957,125960,125987,125990,126017,126025,126028,126088,126090,126123,126127,126130,126149,126154,126203,126208,126210,126213,126272,126290,126292,126296,126304,126308,126311,126315,126321,126325,126335,126339,126342,126344,126378],[10,124826,124822],{"id":124827},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124829,124830],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[52,124832,124834],{"className":54,"code":124833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124835,124836,124848,124860,124869,124883,124887,124897,124907,124918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124837,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124839,8106],{"class":67},[61,124841,72],{"class":71},[61,124843,226],{"class":214},[61,124845,5232],{"class":218},[61,124847,1043],{"class":214},[61,124849,124850,124852,124854,124856,124858],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,124851,90222],{"class":67},[61,124853,72],{"class":71},[61,124855,308],{"class":214},[61,124857,35088],{"class":218},[61,124859,29921],{"class":214},[61,124861,124862,124865,124867],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,124863,124864],{"class":67},"empty ",[61,124866,72],{"class":71},[61,124868,8111],{"class":214},[61,124870,124871,124873,124875,124877,124879,124881],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,124872,1033],{"class":67},[61,124874,72],{"class":71},[61,124876,49128],{"class":109},[61,124878,113],{"class":75},[61,124880,50469],{"class":79},[61,124882,120],{"class":75},[61,124884,124885],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,124886,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,124888,124889,124891,124893,124895],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,124890,127],{"class":126},[61,124892,113],{"class":75},[61,124894,7899],{"class":116},[61,124896,120],{"class":75},[61,124898,124899,124901,124903,124905],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,124900,127],{"class":126},[61,124902,113],{"class":75},[61,124904,90239],{"class":116},[61,124906,120],{"class":75},[61,124908,124909,124911,124913,124916],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,124910,127],{"class":126},[61,124912,113],{"class":75},[61,124914,124915],{"class":116},"empty",[61,124917,120],{"class":75},[61,124919,124920,124922,124924,124926],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,124921,127],{"class":126},[61,124923,113],{"class":75},[61,124925,1056],{"class":116},[61,124927,120],{"class":75},[14,124929,124930,124933,124934,124936],{},[23,124931,124932],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124935,47907],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[47,124938,15384],{"id":15383},[34,124940,124941,124944,124947,124950,124955],{},[37,124942,124943],{},"What a string is in Python",[37,124945,124946],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[37,124948,124949],{},"How to create an empty string",[37,124951,124952,124953],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124954,47907],{},[37,124956,124957],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[47,124959,124961],{"id":124960},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124963,124964],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124966,124967],{},"Strings can contain:",[34,124969,124970,124973,124975,124978],{},[37,124971,124972],{},"Letters",[37,124974,56686],{},[37,124976,124977],{},"Spaces",[37,124979,124980],{},"Symbols",[14,124982,124983],{},"Examples of strings:",[52,124985,124987],{"className":54,"code":124986,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124988,124989,124997,125005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,124990,124991,124993,124995],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,124992,215],{"class":43552},[61,124994,475],{"class":43556},[61,124996,1043],{"class":43552},[61,124998,124999,125001,125003],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125000,215],{"class":43552},[61,125002,50469],{"class":43556},[61,125004,1043],{"class":43552},[61,125006,125007,125009,125011],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125008,215],{"class":43552},[61,125010,89364],{"class":43556},[61,125012,1043],{"class":43552},[14,125014,21198,125015,125017],{},[18,125016,50519],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125019,125020,125021,378],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,125022,2547],{},[52,125024,125026],{"className":54,"code":125025,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,125027,125028,125040,125049,125053,125067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125029,125030,125032,125034,125036,125038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125031,1033],{"class":67},[61,125033,72],{"class":71},[61,125035,226],{"class":214},[61,125037,50469],{"class":218},[61,125039,1043],{"class":214},[61,125041,125042,125044,125046],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125043,2464],{"class":67},[61,125045,72],{"class":71},[61,125047,125048],{"class":79}," 123\n",[61,125050,125051],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125052,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125054,125055,125057,125059,125061,125063,125065],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125056,127],{"class":126},[61,125058,113],{"class":75},[61,125060,648],{"class":109},[61,125062,113],{"class":75},[61,125064,1056],{"class":116},[61,125066,480],{"class":75},[61,125068,125069,125071,125073,125075,125077,125079],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125070,127],{"class":126},[61,125072,113],{"class":75},[61,125074,648],{"class":109},[61,125076,113],{"class":75},[61,125078,2486],{"class":116},[61,125080,480],{"class":75},[14,125082,139],{},[52,125084,125086],{"className":54,"code":125085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125087,125088,125102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125089,125090,125092,125094,125096,125098,125100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125091,672],{"class":71},[61,125093,676],{"class":675},[61,125095,308],{"class":214},[61,125097,1208],{"class":218},[61,125099,299],{"class":214},[61,125101,685],{"class":71},[61,125103,125104,125106,125108,125110,125112,125114],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125105,672],{"class":71},[61,125107,676],{"class":675},[61,125109,308],{"class":214},[61,125111,1203],{"class":218},[61,125113,299],{"class":214},[61,125115,685],{"class":71},[14,125117,125118,125119,26],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[334,125120,125121],{"href":51199},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[47,125123,125125],{"id":125124},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125127,125128],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125130,125131],{},"You can use single quotes:",[52,125133,125135],{"className":54,"code":125134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125136,125137,125150],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125138,125139,125142,125144,125146,125148],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125140,125141],{"class":67},"greeting ",[61,125143,72],{"class":71},[61,125145,308],{"class":214},[61,125147,475],{"class":218},[61,125149,29921],{"class":214},[61,125151,125152,125154,125156,125159],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125153,127],{"class":126},[61,125155,113],{"class":75},[61,125157,125158],{"class":116},"greeting",[61,125160,120],{"class":75},[14,125162,125163],{},"Or double quotes:",[52,125165,125167],{"className":54,"code":125166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125168,125169,125181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125170,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125172,125141],{"class":67},[61,125174,72],{"class":71},[61,125176,226],{"class":214},[61,125178,475],{"class":218},[61,125180,1043],{"class":214},[61,125182,125183,125185,125187,125189],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125184,127],{"class":126},[61,125186,113],{"class":75},[61,125188,125158],{"class":116},[61,125190,120],{"class":75},[14,125192,125193],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125195,125196],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[47,125198,125200],{"id":125199},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125202,125203],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125205,125206,125207,1881,125209,378],{},"Use either ",[18,125208,6500],{},[18,125210,4007],{},[52,125212,125214],{"className":54,"code":125213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125215,125216,125225,125234,125238,125249,125260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125217,125218,125221,125223],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125219,125220],{"class":67},"empty1 ",[61,125222,72],{"class":71},[61,125224,8111],{"class":214},[61,125226,125227,125230,125232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125228,125229],{"class":67},"empty2 ",[61,125231,72],{"class":71},[61,125233,47719],{"class":214},[61,125235,125236],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125237,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125239,125240,125242,125244,125247],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125241,127],{"class":126},[61,125243,113],{"class":75},[61,125245,125246],{"class":116},"empty1",[61,125248,120],{"class":75},[61,125250,125251,125253,125255,125258],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125252,127],{"class":126},[61,125254,113],{"class":75},[61,125256,125257],{"class":116},"empty2",[61,125259,120],{"class":75},[61,125261,125262,125264,125266,125268,125270,125272],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,125263,127],{"class":126},[61,125265,113],{"class":75},[61,125267,648],{"class":109},[61,125269,113],{"class":75},[61,125271,125246],{"class":116},[61,125273,480],{"class":75},[14,125275,139],{},[52,125277,125278],{"className":54,"code":45994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,125279,125280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125281,125282,125284,125286,125288,125290,125292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125283,672],{"class":71},[61,125285,676],{"class":675},[61,125287,308],{"class":214},[61,125289,1208],{"class":218},[61,125291,299],{"class":214},[61,125293,685],{"class":71},[14,125295,125296],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[47,125298,125300],{"id":125299},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125302,125303],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125305,125306],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[52,125308,125310],{"className":54,"code":125309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125311,125312,125323,125328,125335,125339],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125313,125314,125316,125318,125321],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125315,90222],{"class":67},[61,125317,72],{"class":71},[61,125319,125320],{"class":214}," \"\"\"",[61,125322,89164],{"class":218},[61,125324,125325],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125326,125327],{"class":218},"Welcome to Python\n",[61,125329,125330,125333],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125331,125332],{"class":218},"Have a nice day",[61,125334,43560],{"class":214},[61,125336,125337],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125338,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125340,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125342,127],{"class":126},[61,125344,113],{"class":75},[61,125346,90239],{"class":116},[61,125348,120],{"class":75},[14,125350,125351],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[52,125353,125355],{"className":54,"code":125354,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125356,125357,125369,125374,125382,125386],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125358,125359,125361,125363,125366],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125360,90222],{"class":67},[61,125362,72],{"class":71},[61,125364,125365],{"class":214}," '''",[61,125367,125368],{"class":218},"Line 1\n",[61,125370,125371],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125372,125373],{"class":218},"Line 2\n",[61,125375,125376,125379],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125377,125378],{"class":218},"Line 3",[61,125380,125381],{"class":214},"'''\n",[61,125383,125384],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125385,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125387,125388,125390,125392,125394],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125389,127],{"class":126},[61,125391,113],{"class":75},[61,125393,90239],{"class":116},[61,125395,120],{"class":75},[14,125397,125398],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125400,125401],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[47,125403,125405],{"id":125404},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125407,2233,125408,125410],{},[18,125409,47907],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125412,125413],{},"Example with a number:",[52,125415,125417],{"className":54,"code":125416,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125418,125419,125433,125443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125420,125421,125423,125425,125427,125429,125431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125422,1033],{"class":67},[61,125424,72],{"class":71},[61,125426,49128],{"class":109},[61,125428,113],{"class":75},[61,125430,46750],{"class":79},[61,125432,120],{"class":75},[61,125434,125435,125437,125439,125441],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125436,127],{"class":126},[61,125438,113],{"class":75},[61,125440,1056],{"class":116},[61,125442,120],{"class":75},[61,125444,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125446,127],{"class":126},[61,125448,113],{"class":75},[61,125450,648],{"class":109},[61,125452,113],{"class":75},[61,125454,1056],{"class":116},[61,125456,480],{"class":75},[14,125458,139],{},[52,125460,125462],{"className":54,"code":125461,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125463,125464,125468],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125465,125466],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125467,46835],{"class":79},[61,125469,125470,125472,125474,125476,125478,125480],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125471,672],{"class":71},[61,125473,676],{"class":675},[61,125475,308],{"class":214},[61,125477,1208],{"class":218},[61,125479,299],{"class":214},[61,125481,685],{"class":71},[14,125483,125484],{},"You can also convert other values:",[52,125486,125488],{"className":54,"code":125487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125489,125490,125504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125491,125492,125494,125496,125498,125500,125502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125493,127],{"class":126},[61,125495,113],{"class":75},[61,125497,1208],{"class":109},[61,125499,113],{"class":75},[61,125501,3837],{"class":1523},[61,125503,480],{"class":75},[61,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514,125516],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125507,127],{"class":126},[61,125509,113],{"class":75},[61,125511,1208],{"class":109},[61,125513,113],{"class":75},[61,125515,40365],{"class":79},[61,125517,480],{"class":75},[14,125519,125520],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[52,125522,125524],{"className":54,"code":125523,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125525,125526,125534,125556,125560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125527,125528,125530,125532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125529,21848],{"class":67},[61,125531,72],{"class":71},[61,125533,45449],{"class":79},[61,125535,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550,125552,125554],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125537,90222],{"class":67},[61,125539,72],{"class":71},[61,125541,226],{"class":214},[61,125543,89640],{"class":218},[61,125545,215],{"class":214},[61,125547,2698],{"class":71},[61,125549,49128],{"class":109},[61,125551,113],{"class":75},[61,125553,9521],{"class":116},[61,125555,120],{"class":75},[61,125557,125558],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125559,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125561,125562,125564,125566,125568],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125563,127],{"class":126},[61,125565,113],{"class":75},[61,125567,90239],{"class":116},[61,125569,120],{"class":75},[14,125571,125572,125573,1881,125577,26],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[334,125574,3808,125575,3741],{"href":42398},[18,125576,47907],{},[334,125578,125579],{"href":123291},"how to convert int to string in Python",[47,125581,125583],{"id":125582},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125585,125586],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125588,125589],{},"Both of these are valid:",[52,125591,125593],{"className":54,"code":125592,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125594,125595,125607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125596,125597,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125598,717],{"class":67},[61,125600,72],{"class":71},[61,125602,308],{"class":214},[61,125604,7527],{"class":218},[61,125606,29921],{"class":214},[61,125608,125609,125611,125613,125615,125617],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125610,728],{"class":67},[61,125612,72],{"class":71},[61,125614,226],{"class":214},[61,125616,7527],{"class":218},[61,125618,1043],{"class":214},[14,125620,125621],{},"A common rule is:",[34,125623,125624,125627,125630],{},[37,125625,125626],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[37,125628,125629],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[37,125631,125632],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125634,197],{},[52,125636,125638],{"className":54,"code":125637,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125639,125640,125654,125668,125672,125683],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125641,125642,125645,125647,125649,125652],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125643,125644],{"class":67},"text1 ",[61,125646,72],{"class":71},[61,125648,226],{"class":214},[61,125650,125651],{"class":218},"It's working",[61,125653,1043],{"class":214},[61,125655,125656,125659,125661,125663,125666],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125657,125658],{"class":67},"text2 ",[61,125660,72],{"class":71},[61,125662,308],{"class":214},[61,125664,125665],{"class":218},"She said \"hello\"",[61,125667,29921],{"class":214},[61,125669,125670],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125671,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125673,125674,125676,125678,125681],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125675,127],{"class":126},[61,125677,113],{"class":75},[61,125679,125680],{"class":116},"text1",[61,125682,120],{"class":75},[61,125684,125685,125687,125689,125692],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125686,127],{"class":126},[61,125688,113],{"class":75},[61,125690,125691],{"class":116},"text2",[61,125693,120],{"class":75},[14,125695,125696],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[47,125698,125700],{"id":125699},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125702,125703],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125705,125706],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[52,125708,125710],{"className":54,"code":125709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125711,125712,125717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125713,125714],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125715,125716],{"class":3896},"# This will cause an error\n",[61,125718,125719],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125720,125721],{"class":3896},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125723,125724,125725,35551,125727,125730],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125726,299],{},[18,125728,125729],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125732,125733],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[52,125735,125737],{"className":54,"code":125736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125738,125739,125758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125740,125741,125743,125745,125747,125750,125753,125756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125742,1033],{"class":67},[61,125744,72],{"class":71},[61,125746,308],{"class":214},[61,125748,125749],{"class":218},"It",[61,125751,125752],{"class":34675},"\\'",[61,125754,125755],{"class":218},"s working",[61,125757,29921],{"class":214},[61,125759,125760,125762,125764,125766],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125761,127],{"class":126},[61,125763,113],{"class":75},[61,125765,1056],{"class":116},[61,125767,120],{"class":75},[14,125769,125770],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[52,125772,125774],{"className":54,"code":125773,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125775,125776,125788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125777,125778,125780,125782,125784,125786],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125779,1033],{"class":67},[61,125781,72],{"class":71},[61,125783,226],{"class":214},[61,125785,125651],{"class":218},[61,125787,1043],{"class":214},[61,125789,125790,125792,125794,125796],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125791,127],{"class":126},[61,125793,113],{"class":75},[61,125795,1056],{"class":116},[61,125797,120],{"class":75},[14,125799,125800],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125802,125803,125804,26],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[334,125805,125807],{"href":125806},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[47,125809,1741],{"id":1740},[14,125811,125812],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[819,125814,90429],{"id":90428},[14,125816,125817],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[52,125819,125821],{"className":54,"code":125820,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125822,125823,125827],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125824,125825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125826,125716],{"class":3896},[61,125828,125829],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125830,125831],{"class":3896},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125833,125834,125835,8831,125838,125840],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125836,125837],{},"NameError",[18,125839,5232],{}," is not defined.",[14,125842,11028],{},[52,125844,125846],{"className":54,"code":125845,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125847,125848,125860],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125851,8106],{"class":67},[61,125853,72],{"class":71},[61,125855,226],{"class":214},[61,125857,5232],{"class":218},[61,125859,1043],{"class":214},[61,125861,125862,125864,125866,125868],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125863,127],{"class":126},[61,125865,113],{"class":75},[61,125867,7899],{"class":116},[61,125869,120],{"class":75},[819,125871,125873],{"id":125872},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125875,125876],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[52,125878,125880],{"className":54,"code":125879,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125881,125882,125886],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125883,125884],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125885,125716],{"class":3896},[61,125887,125888],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125889,125890],{"class":3896},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125892,125893],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[52,125895,125897],{"className":54,"code":125896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125898,125899,125916,125929,125933,125943],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125900,125901,125903,125905,125907,125909,125911,125914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125902,125644],{"class":67},[61,125904,72],{"class":71},[61,125906,308],{"class":214},[61,125908,125749],{"class":218},[61,125910,125752],{"class":34675},[61,125912,125913],{"class":218},"s good",[61,125915,29921],{"class":214},[61,125917,125918,125920,125922,125924,125927],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125919,125658],{"class":67},[61,125921,72],{"class":71},[61,125923,226],{"class":214},[61,125925,125926],{"class":218},"It's good",[61,125928,1043],{"class":214},[61,125930,125931],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,125932,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,125934,125935,125937,125939,125941],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,125936,127],{"class":126},[61,125938,113],{"class":75},[61,125940,125680],{"class":116},[61,125942,120],{"class":75},[61,125944,125945,125947,125949,125951],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,125946,127],{"class":126},[61,125948,113],{"class":75},[61,125950,125691],{"class":116},[61,125952,120],{"class":75},[819,125954,125956],{"id":125955},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125958,125959],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[52,125961,125963],{"className":54,"code":125962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125964,125965,125977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125966,125967,125969,125971,125973,125975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125968,1033],{"class":67},[61,125970,72],{"class":71},[61,125972,125320],{"class":214},[61,125974,475],{"class":218},[61,125976,43560],{"class":214},[61,125978,125979,125981,125983,125985],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,125980,127],{"class":126},[61,125982,113],{"class":75},[61,125984,1056],{"class":116},[61,125986,120],{"class":75},[14,125988,125989],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[52,125991,125993],{"className":54,"code":125992,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125994,125995,126007],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,125996,125997,125999,126001,126003,126005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,125998,1033],{"class":67},[61,126000,72],{"class":71},[61,126002,226],{"class":214},[61,126004,475],{"class":218},[61,126006,1043],{"class":214},[61,126008,126009,126011,126013,126015],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126010,127],{"class":126},[61,126012,113],{"class":75},[61,126014,1056],{"class":116},[61,126016,120],{"class":75},[819,126018,4808,126020,4621,126022,126024],{"id":126019},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,126021,50469],{},[18,126023,50519],{}," are the same type",[14,126026,126027],{},"They are different:",[52,126029,126031],{"className":54,"code":126030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,126032,126033,126042,126055,126059,126073],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126034,126035,126038,126040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126036,126037],{"class":67},"value1 ",[61,126039,72],{"class":71},[61,126041,125048],{"class":79},[61,126043,126044,126047,126049,126051,126053],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126045,126046],{"class":67},"value2 ",[61,126048,72],{"class":71},[61,126050,226],{"class":214},[61,126052,50469],{"class":218},[61,126054,1043],{"class":214},[61,126056,126057],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126058,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,126060,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,126062,127],{"class":126},[61,126064,113],{"class":75},[61,126066,648],{"class":109},[61,126068,113],{"class":75},[61,126070,84985],{"class":116},[61,126072,480],{"class":75},[61,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083,126086],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,126076,127],{"class":126},[61,126078,113],{"class":75},[61,126080,648],{"class":109},[61,126082,113],{"class":75},[61,126084,126085],{"class":116},"value2",[61,126087,480],{"class":75},[14,126089,139],{},[52,126091,126093],{"className":54,"code":126092,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126094,126095,126109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126098,672],{"class":71},[61,126100,676],{"class":675},[61,126102,308],{"class":214},[61,126104,1203],{"class":218},[61,126106,299],{"class":214},[61,126108,685],{"class":71},[61,126110,126111,126113,126115,126117,126119,126121],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126112,672],{"class":71},[61,126114,676],{"class":675},[61,126116,308],{"class":214},[61,126118,1208],{"class":218},[61,126120,299],{"class":214},[61,126122,685],{"class":71},[819,126124,126126],{"id":126125},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126128,126129],{},"This causes a type error:",[52,126131,126133],{"className":54,"code":126132,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126134,126135,126139,126144],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126136,126137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126138,125716],{"class":3896},[61,126140,126141],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126142,126143],{"class":3896},"# age = 10\n",[61,126145,126146],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126147,126148],{"class":3896},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126150,126151,126152,378],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126153,47907],{},[52,126155,126157],{"className":54,"code":126156,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126158,126159,126167,126189,126193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126160,126161,126163,126165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126162,21848],{"class":67},[61,126164,72],{"class":71},[61,126166,2828],{"class":79},[61,126168,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183,126185,126187],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126170,90222],{"class":67},[61,126172,72],{"class":71},[61,126174,226],{"class":214},[61,126176,89640],{"class":218},[61,126178,215],{"class":214},[61,126180,2698],{"class":71},[61,126182,49128],{"class":109},[61,126184,113],{"class":75},[61,126186,9521],{"class":116},[61,126188,120],{"class":75},[61,126190,126191],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126192,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,126194,126195,126197,126199,126201],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,126196,127],{"class":126},[61,126198,113],{"class":75},[61,126200,90239],{"class":116},[61,126202,120],{"class":75},[14,126204,126205,126206,26],{},"For this specific error, see ",[334,126207,90621],{"href":90620},[819,126209,1891],{"id":1890},[14,126211,126212],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[52,126214,126216],{"className":54,"code":126215,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126217,126218,126230,126234,126244,126258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126219,126220,126222,126224,126226,126228],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126221,1033],{"class":67},[61,126223,72],{"class":71},[61,126225,226],{"class":214},[61,126227,475],{"class":218},[61,126229,1043],{"class":214},[61,126231,126232],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126233,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,126235,126236,126238,126240,126242],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126237,127],{"class":126},[61,126239,113],{"class":75},[61,126241,1056],{"class":116},[61,126243,120],{"class":75},[61,126245,126246,126248,126250,126252,126254,126256],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,126247,127],{"class":126},[61,126249,113],{"class":75},[61,126251,648],{"class":109},[61,126253,113],{"class":75},[61,126255,1056],{"class":116},[61,126257,480],{"class":75},[61,126259,126260,126262,126264,126266,126268,126270],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,126261,127],{"class":126},[61,126263,113],{"class":75},[61,126265,42002],{"class":126},[61,126267,113],{"class":75},[61,126269,1056],{"class":116},[61,126271,480],{"class":75},[34,126273,126274,126279,126284],{},[37,126275,126276,46502],{},[18,126277,126278],{},"print(text)",[37,126280,126281,46507],{},[18,126282,126283],{},"print(type(text))",[37,126285,126286,126289],{},[18,126287,126288],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[47,126291,1987],{"id":1986},[819,126293,126295],{"id":126294},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126297,126298,126299,1881,126302,26],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126300,126301],{},"'hello'",[18,126303,64753],{},[819,126305,126307],{"id":126306},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126309,126310],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[819,126312,126314],{"id":126313},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126316,165,126317,1881,126319,26],{},[18,126318,6500],{},[18,126320,4007],{},[819,126322,126324],{"id":126323},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126326,165,126327,126329,126330,126332,126333,26],{},[18,126328,47907],{},", like ",[18,126331,80595],{},", which returns ",[18,126334,42349],{},[819,126336,126338],{"id":126337},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126340,126341],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[47,126343,2144],{"id":2143},[34,126345,126346,126350,126356,126361,126370,126374],{},[37,126347,126348],{},[334,126349,125121],{"href":51199},[37,126351,126352],{},[334,126353,3808,126354,3741],{"href":42398},[18,126355,47907],{},[37,126357,126358],{},[334,126359,126360],{"href":123291},"How to convert int to string in Python",[37,126362,126363],{},[334,126364,126366,126367,10961],{"href":126365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126368,126369],{},"format()",[37,126371,126372],{},[334,126373,125807],{"href":125806},[37,126375,126376],{},[334,126377,90621],{"href":90620},[2169,126379,126380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":126382},[126383,126384,126385,126386,126387,126388,126389,126390,126391,126400,126407],{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":124960,"depth":101,"text":124961},{"id":125124,"depth":101,"text":125125},{"id":125199,"depth":101,"text":125200},{"id":125299,"depth":101,"text":125300},{"id":125404,"depth":101,"text":125405},{"id":125582,"depth":101,"text":125583},{"id":125699,"depth":101,"text":125700},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":126392},[126393,126394,126395,126396,126398,126399],{"id":90428,"depth":123,"text":90429},{"id":125872,"depth":123,"text":125873},{"id":125955,"depth":123,"text":125956},{"id":126019,"depth":123,"text":126397},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126125,"depth":123,"text":126126},{"id":1890,"depth":123,"text":1891},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":126401},[126402,126403,126404,126405,126406],{"id":126294,"depth":123,"text":126295},{"id":126306,"depth":123,"text":126307},{"id":126313,"depth":123,"text":126314},{"id":126323,"depth":123,"text":126324},{"id":126337,"depth":123,"text":126338},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124822,"description":126408},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126415,"title":126416,"body":126417,"description":128331,"extension":2216,"meta":128332,"navigation":271,"path":128333,"seo":128334,"stem":128335,"__hash__":128336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126418,"toc":128292},[126419,126425,126430,126438,126440,126507,126509,126521,126530,126535,126539,126556,126558,126623,126625,126637,126642,126644,126672,126693,126696,126735,126737,126745,126749,126753,126757,126765,126768,126809,126811,126819,126822,126879,126881,126889,126893,126898,126942,126944,126952,126961,126965,126970,127018,127020,127028,127034,127036,127040,127052,127057,127136,127138,127158,127162,127166,127206,127208,127216,127220,127263,127265,127273,127277,127317,127319,127327,127331,127387,127389,127397,127403,127405,127409,127419,127486,127488,127501,127508,127551,127553,127561,127565,127568,127624,127626,127634,127637,127639,127716,127718,127726,127735,127737,127741,127745,127747,127769,127772,127819,127823,127862,127864,127872,127874,127916,127923,127928,127990,127992,128004,128010,128015,128064,128066,128085,128091,128093,128112,128114,128205,128207,128213,128220,128226,128232,128237,128246,128253,128261,128263,128289],[10,126420,123366,126422,11542],{"id":126421},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126423,126424],{},"endswith()",[14,126426,123371,126427,126429],{},[18,126428,126424],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126431,126432,126433,1881,126435,126437],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126434,3837],{},[18,126436,3907],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[47,126439,50],{"id":49},[52,126441,126443],{"className":54,"code":126442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126444,126445,126459,126484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126446,126447,126450,126452,126454,126457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126448,126449],{"class":67},"filename ",[61,126451,72],{"class":71},[61,126453,226],{"class":214},[61,126455,126456],{"class":218},"report.csv",[61,126458,1043],{"class":214},[61,126460,126461,126463,126465,126468,126470,126473,126475,126477,126480,126482],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126462,127],{"class":126},[61,126464,113],{"class":75},[61,126466,126467],{"class":116},"filename",[61,126469,26],{"class":75},[61,126471,126472],{"class":116},"endswith",[61,126474,113],{"class":75},[61,126476,215],{"class":214},[61,126478,126479],{"class":218},".csv",[61,126481,215],{"class":214},[61,126483,480],{"class":75},[61,126485,126486,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126503,126505],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126487,127],{"class":126},[61,126489,113],{"class":75},[61,126491,126467],{"class":116},[61,126493,26],{"class":75},[61,126495,126472],{"class":116},[61,126497,113],{"class":75},[61,126499,215],{"class":214},[61,126501,126502],{"class":218},".txt",[61,126504,215],{"class":214},[61,126506,480],{"class":75},[14,126508,139],{},[52,126510,126511],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126512,126513,126517],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126514,126515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126516,1524],{"class":1523},[61,126518,126519],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126520,1529],{"class":1523},[14,126522,165,126523,5598,126525,1881,126527,126529],{},[18,126524,126424],{},[18,126526,3837],{},[18,126528,3907],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[47,126531,3911,126533,3914],{"id":126532},"what-endswith-does",[18,126534,126424],{},[14,126536,126537,378],{},[18,126538,126424],{},[34,126540,126541,126544,126550,126553],{},[37,126542,126543],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[37,126545,11644,126546,1881,126548],{},[18,126547,3837],{},[18,126549,3907],{},[37,126551,126552],{},"Does not change the original string",[37,126554,126555],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126557,197],{},[52,126559,126561],{"className":54,"code":126560,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126562,126563,126575,126579,126601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126564,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126566,1033],{"class":67},[61,126568,72],{"class":71},[61,126570,226],{"class":214},[61,126572,60631],{"class":218},[61,126574,1043],{"class":214},[61,126576,126577],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126578,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,126580,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,126582,127],{"class":126},[61,126584,113],{"class":75},[61,126586,1056],{"class":116},[61,126588,26],{"class":75},[61,126590,126472],{"class":116},[61,126592,113],{"class":75},[61,126594,215],{"class":214},[61,126596,60812],{"class":218},[61,126598,215],{"class":214},[61,126600,480],{"class":75},[61,126602,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,126604,127],{"class":126},[61,126606,113],{"class":75},[61,126608,1056],{"class":116},[61,126610,26],{"class":75},[61,126612,126472],{"class":116},[61,126614,113],{"class":75},[61,126616,215],{"class":214},[61,126618,475],{"class":218},[61,126620,215],{"class":214},[61,126622,480],{"class":75},[14,126624,139],{},[52,126626,126627],{"className":54,"code":1516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126628,126629,126633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126630,126631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126632,1524],{"class":1523},[61,126634,126635],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126636,1529],{"class":1523},[14,126638,126639,126640,26],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[334,126641,125121],{"href":51199},[47,126643,341],{"id":340},[52,126645,126647],{"className":54,"code":126646,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126648,126649],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126652,389],{"class":67},[61,126654,26],{"class":75},[61,126656,126472],{"class":116},[61,126658,113],{"class":75},[61,126660,126661],{"class":116},"suffix",[61,126663,83],{"class":75},[61,126665,36273],{"class":116},[61,126667,83],{"class":75},[61,126669,65258],{"class":116},[61,126671,120],{"class":75},[34,126673,126674,126679,126686],{},[37,126675,126676,126678],{},[18,126677,126661],{}," is required",[37,126680,126681,4621,126683,126685],{},[18,126682,36294],{},[18,126684,52884],{}," are optional",[37,126687,126688,4621,126690,126692],{},[18,126689,36294],{},[18,126691,52884],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126694,126695],{},"Basic example:",[52,126697,126699],{"className":54,"code":126698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126700,126701,126713],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126702,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126704,126449],{"class":67},[61,126706,72],{"class":71},[61,126708,226],{"class":214},[61,126710,87110],{"class":218},[61,126712,1043],{"class":214},[61,126714,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126716,127],{"class":126},[61,126718,113],{"class":75},[61,126720,126467],{"class":116},[61,126722,26],{"class":75},[61,126724,126472],{"class":116},[61,126726,113],{"class":75},[61,126728,215],{"class":214},[61,126730,126502],{"class":218},[61,126732,215],{"class":214},[61,126734,480],{"class":75},[14,126736,139],{},[52,126738,126739],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126740,126741],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126742,126743],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126744,1524],{"class":1523},[47,126746,126748],{"id":126747},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[819,126750,126751],{"id":126661},[18,126752,126661],{},[14,126754,126755,30970],{},[18,126756,126661],{},[34,126758,126759,126762],{},[37,126760,126761],{},"A single string",[37,126763,126764],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126766,126767],{},"Single suffix:",[52,126769,126771],{"className":54,"code":126770,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126772,126773,126786],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126774,126775,126777,126779,126781,126784],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126776,8106],{"class":67},[61,126778,72],{"class":71},[61,126780,226],{"class":214},[61,126782,126783],{"class":218},"image.png",[61,126785,1043],{"class":214},[61,126787,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802,126805,126807],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126789,127],{"class":126},[61,126791,113],{"class":75},[61,126793,7899],{"class":116},[61,126795,26],{"class":75},[61,126797,126472],{"class":116},[61,126799,113],{"class":75},[61,126801,215],{"class":214},[61,126803,126804],{"class":218},".png",[61,126806,215],{"class":214},[61,126808,480],{"class":75},[14,126810,139],{},[52,126812,126813],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126814,126815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126816,126817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126818,1524],{"class":1523},[14,126820,126821],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[52,126823,126825],{"className":54,"code":126824,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126826,126827,126839],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126828,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126830,8106],{"class":67},[61,126832,72],{"class":71},[61,126834,226],{"class":214},[61,126836,126783],{"class":218},[61,126838,1043],{"class":214},[61,126840,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126875,126877],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126842,127],{"class":126},[61,126844,113],{"class":75},[61,126846,7899],{"class":116},[61,126848,26],{"class":75},[61,126850,126472],{"class":116},[61,126852,444],{"class":75},[61,126854,215],{"class":214},[61,126856,126857],{"class":218},".jpg",[61,126859,215],{"class":214},[61,126861,83],{"class":75},[61,126863,226],{"class":214},[61,126865,126804],{"class":218},[61,126867,215],{"class":214},[61,126869,83],{"class":75},[61,126871,226],{"class":214},[61,126873,126874],{"class":218},".gif",[61,126876,215],{"class":214},[61,126878,460],{"class":75},[14,126880,139],{},[52,126882,126883],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126884,126885],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126886,126887],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126888,1524],{"class":1523},[819,126890,126891],{"id":36294},[18,126892,36294],{},[14,126894,126895,126897],{},[18,126896,36294],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[52,126899,126901],{"className":54,"code":126900,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126902,126903,126916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126904,126905,126907,126909,126911,126914],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126906,1033],{"class":67},[61,126908,72],{"class":71},[61,126910,226],{"class":214},[61,126912,126913],{"class":218},"my_report.csv",[61,126915,1043],{"class":214},[61,126917,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126919,127],{"class":126},[61,126921,113],{"class":75},[61,126923,1056],{"class":116},[61,126925,26],{"class":75},[61,126927,126472],{"class":116},[61,126929,113],{"class":75},[61,126931,215],{"class":214},[61,126933,126479],{"class":218},[61,126935,215],{"class":214},[61,126937,83],{"class":75},[61,126939,95],{"class":79},[61,126941,480],{"class":75},[14,126943,139],{},[52,126945,126946],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,126947,126948],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126949,126950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126951,1524],{"class":1523},[14,126953,126954,126955,126957,126958,26],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126956,1321],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126959,126960],{},"\"report.csv\"",[819,126962,126963],{"id":52884},[18,126964,52884],{},[14,126966,126967,126969],{},[18,126968,52884],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[52,126971,126973],{"className":54,"code":126972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126974,126975,126988],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,126976,126977,126979,126981,126983,126986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,126978,1033],{"class":67},[61,126980,72],{"class":71},[61,126982,226],{"class":214},[61,126984,126985],{"class":218},"report.csv backup",[61,126987,1043],{"class":214},[61,126989,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,126991,127],{"class":126},[61,126993,113],{"class":75},[61,126995,1056],{"class":116},[61,126997,26],{"class":75},[61,126999,126472],{"class":116},[61,127001,113],{"class":75},[61,127003,215],{"class":214},[61,127005,126479],{"class":218},[61,127007,215],{"class":214},[61,127009,83],{"class":75},[61,127011,4065],{"class":79},[61,127013,83],{"class":75},[61,127015,457],{"class":79},[61,127017,480],{"class":75},[14,127019,139],{},[52,127021,127022],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127023,127024],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127025,127026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127027,1524],{"class":1523},[14,127029,127030,127031,127033],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,127032,126960],{}," and ignores the rest.",[47,127035,17640],{"id":17639},[14,127037,127038,25729],{},[18,127039,126424],{},[34,127041,127042,127047],{},[37,127043,127044,127046],{},[18,127045,3837],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[37,127048,127049,127051],{},[18,127050,3907],{}," if it does not",[14,127053,127054,127055,7402],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,127056,7227],{},[52,127058,127060],{"className":54,"code":127059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,127061,127062,127075,127079,127100,127115,127121],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127063,127064,127066,127068,127070,127073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127065,126449],{"class":67},[61,127067,72],{"class":71},[61,127069,226],{"class":214},[61,127071,127072],{"class":218},"data.csv",[61,127074,1043],{"class":214},[61,127076,127077],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127078,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,127080,127081,127083,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,127082,7227],{"class":1490},[61,127084,127085],{"class":67}," filename",[61,127087,26],{"class":75},[61,127089,126472],{"class":116},[61,127091,113],{"class":75},[61,127093,215],{"class":214},[61,127095,126479],{"class":218},[61,127097,215],{"class":214},[61,127099,8572],{"class":75},[61,127101,127102,127104,127106,127108,127111,127113],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,127103,8299],{"class":126},[61,127105,113],{"class":75},[61,127107,215],{"class":214},[61,127109,127110],{"class":218},"This is a CSV file.",[61,127112,215],{"class":214},[61,127114,120],{"class":75},[61,127116,127117,127119],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,127118,27655],{"class":1490},[61,127120,6621],{"class":75},[61,127122,127123,127125,127127,127129,127132,127134],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,127124,8299],{"class":126},[61,127126,113],{"class":75},[61,127128,215],{"class":214},[61,127130,127131],{"class":218},"This is not a CSV file.",[61,127133,215],{"class":214},[61,127135,120],{"class":75},[14,127137,139],{},[52,127139,127141],{"className":54,"code":127140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127142,127143],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127144,127145,127147,127149,127151,127154,127156],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127146,50102],{"class":67},[61,127148,12416],{"class":71},[61,127150,44768],{"class":67},[61,127152,127153],{"class":34675},"CSV",[61,127155,86851],{"class":86850},[61,127157,122398],{"class":75},[47,127159,127161],{"id":127160},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[819,127163,127165],{"id":127164},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[52,127167,127169],{"className":54,"code":127168,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127170,127171,127184],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127172,127173,127175,127177,127179,127182],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127174,126449],{"class":67},[61,127176,72],{"class":71},[61,127178,226],{"class":214},[61,127180,127181],{"class":218},"sales.csv",[61,127183,1043],{"class":214},[61,127185,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127187,127],{"class":126},[61,127189,113],{"class":75},[61,127191,126467],{"class":116},[61,127193,26],{"class":75},[61,127195,126472],{"class":116},[61,127197,113],{"class":75},[61,127199,215],{"class":214},[61,127201,126479],{"class":218},[61,127203,215],{"class":214},[61,127205,480],{"class":75},[14,127207,139],{},[52,127209,127210],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127211,127212],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127213,127214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127215,1524],{"class":1523},[819,127217,127219],{"id":127218},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[52,127221,127223],{"className":54,"code":127222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127224,127225,127239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127226,127227,127230,127232,127234,127237],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127228,127229],{"class":67},"url ",[61,127231,72],{"class":71},[61,127233,226],{"class":214},[61,127235,127236],{"class":218},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[61,127238,1043],{"class":214},[61,127240,127241,127243,127245,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127259,127261],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127242,127],{"class":126},[61,127244,113],{"class":75},[61,127246,127247],{"class":116},"url",[61,127249,26],{"class":75},[61,127251,126472],{"class":116},[61,127253,113],{"class":75},[61,127255,215],{"class":214},[61,127257,127258],{"class":218},"\u002F",[61,127260,215],{"class":214},[61,127262,480],{"class":75},[14,127264,139],{},[52,127266,127267],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127268,127269],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127270,127271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127272,1524],{"class":1523},[819,127274,127276],{"id":127275},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[52,127278,127280],{"className":54,"code":127279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127281,127282,127295],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127283,127284,127286,127288,127290,127293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127285,90222],{"class":67},[61,127287,72],{"class":71},[61,127289,226],{"class":214},[61,127291,127292],{"class":218},"Hello!",[61,127294,1043],{"class":214},[61,127296,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127298,127],{"class":126},[61,127300,113],{"class":75},[61,127302,90239],{"class":116},[61,127304,26],{"class":75},[61,127306,126472],{"class":116},[61,127308,113],{"class":75},[61,127310,215],{"class":214},[61,127312,90063],{"class":218},[61,127314,215],{"class":214},[61,127316,480],{"class":75},[14,127318,139],{},[52,127320,127321],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127322,127323],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127324,127325],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127326,1524],{"class":1523},[819,127328,127330],{"id":127329},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[52,127332,127334],{"className":54,"code":127333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127335,127336,127349],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127337,127338,127340,127342,127344,127347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127339,126449],{"class":67},[61,127341,72],{"class":71},[61,127343,226],{"class":214},[61,127345,127346],{"class":218},"photo.jpg",[61,127348,1043],{"class":214},[61,127350,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127352,127],{"class":126},[61,127354,113],{"class":75},[61,127356,126467],{"class":116},[61,127358,26],{"class":75},[61,127360,126472],{"class":116},[61,127362,444],{"class":75},[61,127364,215],{"class":214},[61,127366,126857],{"class":218},[61,127368,215],{"class":214},[61,127370,83],{"class":75},[61,127372,226],{"class":214},[61,127374,126804],{"class":218},[61,127376,215],{"class":214},[61,127378,83],{"class":75},[61,127380,226],{"class":214},[61,127382,126874],{"class":218},[61,127384,215],{"class":214},[61,127386,460],{"class":75},[14,127388,139],{},[52,127390,127391],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127392,127393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127394,127395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127396,1524],{"class":1523},[14,127398,127399,127400,26],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[334,127401,127402],{"href":123621},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[47,127404,124013],{"id":124012},[14,127406,127407,123824],{},[18,127408,126424],{},[14,127410,127411,127412,4621,127415,127418],{},"That means ",[18,127413,127414],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127416,127417],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[52,127420,127422],{"className":54,"code":127421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127423,127424,127437,127441,127463],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127425,127426,127428,127430,127432,127435],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127427,126449],{"class":67},[61,127429,72],{"class":71},[61,127431,226],{"class":214},[61,127433,127434],{"class":218},"REPORT.CSV",[61,127436,1043],{"class":214},[61,127438,127439],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127440,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,127442,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,127444,127],{"class":126},[61,127446,113],{"class":75},[61,127448,126467],{"class":116},[61,127450,26],{"class":75},[61,127452,126472],{"class":116},[61,127454,113],{"class":75},[61,127456,215],{"class":214},[61,127458,126479],{"class":218},[61,127460,215],{"class":214},[61,127462,480],{"class":75},[61,127464,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479,127482,127484],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,127466,127],{"class":126},[61,127468,113],{"class":75},[61,127470,126467],{"class":116},[61,127472,26],{"class":75},[61,127474,126472],{"class":116},[61,127476,113],{"class":75},[61,127478,215],{"class":214},[61,127480,127481],{"class":218},".CSV",[61,127483,215],{"class":214},[61,127485,480],{"class":75},[14,127487,139],{},[52,127489,127491],{"className":54,"code":127490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127492,127493,127497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127494,127495],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127496,1529],{"class":1523},[61,127498,127499],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127500,1524],{"class":1523},[14,127502,127503,127504,26],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[334,127505,127506],{"href":124093},[18,127507,124096],{},[52,127509,127511],{"className":54,"code":127510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127512,127513,127525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127516,126449],{"class":67},[61,127518,72],{"class":71},[61,127520,226],{"class":214},[61,127522,127434],{"class":218},[61,127524,1043],{"class":214},[61,127526,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127528,127],{"class":126},[61,127530,113],{"class":75},[61,127532,126467],{"class":116},[61,127534,26],{"class":75},[61,127536,8870],{"class":116},[61,127538,8867],{"class":75},[61,127540,126472],{"class":116},[61,127542,113],{"class":75},[61,127544,215],{"class":214},[61,127546,126479],{"class":218},[61,127548,215],{"class":214},[61,127550,480],{"class":75},[14,127552,139],{},[52,127554,127555],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127556,127557],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127558,127559],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127560,1524],{"class":1523},[47,127562,127564],{"id":127563},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127566,127567],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[52,127569,127571],{"className":54,"code":127570,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127572,127573,127586],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127574,127575,127577,127579,127581,127584],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127576,126449],{"class":67},[61,127578,72],{"class":71},[61,127580,226],{"class":214},[61,127582,127583],{"class":218},"picture.gif",[61,127585,1043],{"class":214},[61,127587,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127589,127],{"class":126},[61,127591,113],{"class":75},[61,127593,126467],{"class":116},[61,127595,26],{"class":75},[61,127597,126472],{"class":116},[61,127599,444],{"class":75},[61,127601,215],{"class":214},[61,127603,126857],{"class":218},[61,127605,215],{"class":214},[61,127607,83],{"class":75},[61,127609,226],{"class":214},[61,127611,126804],{"class":218},[61,127613,215],{"class":214},[61,127615,83],{"class":75},[61,127617,226],{"class":214},[61,127619,126874],{"class":218},[61,127621,215],{"class":214},[61,127623,460],{"class":75},[14,127625,139],{},[52,127627,127628],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127629,127630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127631,127632],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127633,1524],{"class":1523},[14,127635,127636],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127638,52303],{},[52,127640,127642],{"className":54,"code":127641,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127643,127644,127657,127692,127696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127645,127646,127649,127651,127653,127655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127647,127648],{"class":67},"document ",[61,127650,72],{"class":71},[61,127652,226],{"class":214},[61,127654,87110],{"class":218},[61,127656,1043],{"class":214},[61,127658,127659,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127679,127681,127683,127685,127688,127690],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127660,127661],{"class":67},"allowed ",[61,127663,72],{"class":71},[61,127665,942],{"class":75},[61,127667,215],{"class":214},[61,127669,126502],{"class":218},[61,127671,215],{"class":214},[61,127673,83],{"class":75},[61,127675,226],{"class":214},[61,127677,127678],{"class":218},".md",[61,127680,215],{"class":214},[61,127682,83],{"class":75},[61,127684,226],{"class":214},[61,127686,127687],{"class":218},".docx",[61,127689,215],{"class":214},[61,127691,120],{"class":75},[61,127693,127694],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,127695,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,127697,127698,127700,127702,127705,127707,127709,127711,127714],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,127699,127],{"class":126},[61,127701,113],{"class":75},[61,127703,127704],{"class":116},"document",[61,127706,26],{"class":75},[61,127708,126472],{"class":116},[61,127710,113],{"class":75},[61,127712,127713],{"class":116},"allowed",[61,127715,480],{"class":75},[14,127717,139],{},[52,127719,127720],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127721,127722],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127723,127724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127725,1524],{"class":1523},[14,127727,127728,127729,26],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[334,127730,126366,127732,10961],{"href":127731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127733,127734],{},"startswith()",[47,127736,1741],{"id":1740},[14,127738,8677,127739,26],{},[18,127740,126424],{},[819,127742,127744],{"id":127743},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127746,4754],{},[52,127748,127750],{"className":54,"code":127749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127751,127752,127764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127753,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127755,126449],{"class":67},[61,127757,72],{"class":71},[61,127759,226],{"class":214},[61,127761,127346],{"class":218},[61,127763,1043],{"class":214},[61,127765,127766],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127767,127768],{"class":3896},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127770,127771],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[52,127773,127775],{"className":54,"code":127774,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127776,127777,127789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127778,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127780,126449],{"class":67},[61,127782,72],{"class":71},[61,127784,226],{"class":214},[61,127786,127346],{"class":218},[61,127788,1043],{"class":214},[61,127790,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127792,127],{"class":126},[61,127794,113],{"class":75},[61,127796,126467],{"class":116},[61,127798,26],{"class":75},[61,127800,126472],{"class":116},[61,127802,444],{"class":75},[61,127804,215],{"class":214},[61,127806,126857],{"class":218},[61,127808,215],{"class":214},[61,127810,83],{"class":75},[61,127812,226],{"class":214},[61,127814,126804],{"class":218},[61,127816,215],{"class":214},[61,127818,460],{"class":75},[819,127820,127822],{"id":127821},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[52,127824,127826],{"className":54,"code":127825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127827,127828,127840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127829,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127831,126449],{"class":67},[61,127833,72],{"class":71},[61,127835,226],{"class":214},[61,127837,127434],{"class":218},[61,127839,1043],{"class":214},[61,127841,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852,127854,127856,127858,127860],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127843,127],{"class":126},[61,127845,113],{"class":75},[61,127847,126467],{"class":116},[61,127849,26],{"class":75},[61,127851,126472],{"class":116},[61,127853,113],{"class":75},[61,127855,215],{"class":214},[61,127857,126479],{"class":218},[61,127859,215],{"class":214},[61,127861,480],{"class":75},[14,127863,139],{},[52,127865,127866],{"className":54,"code":1529,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127867,127868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127869,127870],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127871,1529],{"class":1523},[14,127873,39483],{},[52,127875,127876],{"className":54,"code":127510,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127877,127878,127890],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127879,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127881,126449],{"class":67},[61,127883,72],{"class":71},[61,127885,226],{"class":214},[61,127887,127434],{"class":218},[61,127889,1043],{"class":214},[61,127891,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127893,127],{"class":126},[61,127895,113],{"class":75},[61,127897,126467],{"class":116},[61,127899,26],{"class":75},[61,127901,8870],{"class":116},[61,127903,8867],{"class":75},[61,127905,126472],{"class":116},[61,127907,113],{"class":75},[61,127909,215],{"class":214},[61,127911,126479],{"class":218},[61,127913,215],{"class":214},[61,127915,480],{"class":75},[819,127917,1874,127919,1877,127921],{"id":127918},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127920,126424],{},[18,127922,1433],{},[14,127924,127925,127927],{},[18,127926,126424],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[52,127929,127931],{"className":54,"code":127930,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127932,127933,127946,127950,127972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127934,127935,127937,127939,127941,127944],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127936,1033],{"class":67},[61,127938,72],{"class":71},[61,127940,226],{"class":214},[61,127942,127943],{"class":218},"my_report.csv.backup",[61,127945,1043],{"class":214},[61,127947,127948],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,127949,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,127951,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,127953,127],{"class":126},[61,127955,113],{"class":75},[61,127957,1056],{"class":116},[61,127959,26],{"class":75},[61,127961,126472],{"class":116},[61,127963,113],{"class":75},[61,127965,215],{"class":214},[61,127967,126479],{"class":218},[61,127969,215],{"class":214},[61,127971,480],{"class":75},[61,127973,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,127975,127],{"class":126},[61,127977,113],{"class":75},[61,127979,215],{"class":214},[61,127981,126479],{"class":218},[61,127983,215],{"class":214},[61,127985,1491],{"class":1490},[61,127987,43065],{"class":116},[61,127989,120],{"class":75},[14,127991,139],{},[52,127993,127994],{"className":54,"code":127490,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,127995,127996,128000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,127997,127998],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,127999,1529],{"class":1523},[61,128001,128002],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128003,1524],{"class":1523},[819,128005,1864,128007,128009],{"id":128006},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,128008,126424],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128011,128012,128014],{},[18,128013,126424],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[52,128016,128018],{"className":54,"code":128017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,128019,128020,128032,128054],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128021,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128023,126449],{"class":67},[61,128025,72],{"class":71},[61,128027,226],{"class":214},[61,128029,126456],{"class":218},[61,128031,1043],{"class":214},[61,128033,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128035,127],{"class":126},[61,128037,113],{"class":75},[61,128039,126467],{"class":116},[61,128041,26],{"class":75},[61,128043,126472],{"class":116},[61,128045,113],{"class":75},[61,128047,215],{"class":214},[61,128049,126479],{"class":218},[61,128051,215],{"class":214},[61,128053,480],{"class":75},[61,128055,128056,128058,128060,128062],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128057,127],{"class":126},[61,128059,113],{"class":75},[61,128061,126467],{"class":116},[61,128063,120],{"class":75},[14,128065,139],{},[52,128067,128069],{"className":54,"code":128068,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128070,128071,128075],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128072,128073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128074,1524],{"class":1523},[61,128076,128077,128080,128082],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128078,128079],{"class":67},"report",[61,128081,26],{"class":75},[61,128083,128084],{"class":24971},"csv\n",[14,128086,128087,128088,26],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[334,128089,128090],{"href":124534},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128092,66280],{},[34,128094,128095,128098,128101,128104],{},[37,128096,128097],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[37,128099,128100],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[37,128102,128103],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[37,128105,1750,128106,44853,128108,1881,128110,111563],{},[18,128107,126424],{},[18,128109,124537],{},[18,128111,41876],{},[14,128113,30356],{},[52,128115,128117],{"className":54,"code":128116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128118,128119,128129,128143,128165,128191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128120,128121,128123,128125,128127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128122,127],{"class":126},[61,128124,113],{"class":75},[61,128126,1056],{"class":116},[61,128128,120],{"class":75},[61,128130,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128132,127],{"class":126},[61,128134,113],{"class":75},[61,128136,42002],{"class":126},[61,128138,113],{"class":75},[61,128140,1056],{"class":116},[61,128142,480],{"class":75},[61,128144,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128146,127],{"class":126},[61,128148,113],{"class":75},[61,128150,1056],{"class":116},[61,128152,26],{"class":75},[61,128154,126472],{"class":116},[61,128156,113],{"class":75},[61,128158,299],{"class":214},[61,128160,126479],{"class":218},[61,128162,299],{"class":214},[61,128164,480],{"class":75},[61,128166,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128168,127],{"class":126},[61,128170,113],{"class":75},[61,128172,1056],{"class":116},[61,128174,26],{"class":75},[61,128176,8870],{"class":116},[61,128178,8867],{"class":75},[61,128180,126472],{"class":116},[61,128182,113],{"class":75},[61,128184,299],{"class":214},[61,128186,126479],{"class":218},[61,128188,299],{"class":214},[61,128190,480],{"class":75},[61,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128194,127],{"class":126},[61,128196,113],{"class":75},[61,128198,648],{"class":109},[61,128200,113],{"class":75},[61,128202,1056],{"class":116},[61,128204,480],{"class":75},[47,128206,1987],{"id":1986},[819,128208,12927,128210,128212],{"id":128209},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128211,126424],{}," change the string?",[14,128214,128215,128216,1881,128218,26],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128217,3837],{},[18,128219,3907],{},[819,128221,5398,128223,128225],{"id":128222},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128224,126424],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128227,128228,128229,26],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128230,128231],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[819,128233,15124,128235,124702],{"id":128234},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128236,126424],{},[14,128238,128239,128240,1881,128242,128245],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128241,124096],{},[18,128243,128244],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[819,128247,5408,128249,4621,128251,2735],{"id":128248},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128250,126424],{},[18,128252,124361],{},[14,128254,128255,128257,128258,128260],{},[18,128256,126424],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128259,124361],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[47,128262,2144],{"id":2143},[34,128264,128265,128271,128277,128281,128285],{},[37,128266,128267],{},[334,128268,126366,128269,10961],{"href":127731},[18,128270,127734],{},[37,128272,128273],{},[334,128274,126366,128275,10961],{"href":124093},[18,128276,124096],{},[37,128278,128279],{},[334,128280,124765],{"href":123621},[37,128282,128283],{},[334,128284,124772],{"href":124534},[37,128286,128287],{},[334,128288,125121],{"href":51199},[2169,128290,128291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":128293},[128294,128295,128297,128298,128303,128304,128310,128311,128312,128320,128330],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":126532,"depth":101,"text":128296},"What endswith() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":126747,"depth":101,"text":126748,"children":128299},[128300,128301,128302],{"id":126661,"depth":123,"text":126661},{"id":36294,"depth":123,"text":36294},{"id":52884,"depth":123,"text":52884},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":127160,"depth":101,"text":127161,"children":128305},[128306,128307,128308,128309],{"id":127164,"depth":123,"text":127165},{"id":127218,"depth":123,"text":127219},{"id":127275,"depth":123,"text":127276},{"id":127329,"depth":123,"text":127330},{"id":124012,"depth":101,"text":124013},{"id":127563,"depth":101,"text":127564},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":128313},[128314,128315,128316,128318],{"id":127743,"depth":123,"text":127744},{"id":127821,"depth":123,"text":127822},{"id":127918,"depth":123,"text":128317},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128006,"depth":123,"text":128319},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":128321},[128322,128324,128326,128328],{"id":128209,"depth":123,"text":128323},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128222,"depth":123,"text":128325},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128234,"depth":123,"text":128327},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128248,"depth":123,"text":128329},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126416,"description":128331},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128338,"title":128339,"body":128340,"description":130008,"extension":2216,"meta":130009,"navigation":271,"path":130010,"seo":130011,"stem":130012,"__hash__":130013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128341,"toc":129981},[128342,128347,128352,128357,128362,128455,128465,128470,128475,128490,128492,128574,128582,128584,128586,128613,128615,128631,128638,128640,128748,128750,128755,128771,128773,128868,128876,128879,128885,128890,128895,128902,129041,129044,129057,129059,129063,129070,129140,129143,129192,129199,129206,129220,129225,129230,129276,129322,129338,129340,129345,129359,129362,129484,129489,129491,129496,129529,129532,129608,129610,129619,129633,129636,129720,129723,129834,129837,129865,129867,129874,129878,129884,129887,129893,129896,129903,129914,129920,129927,129929,129978],[10,128343,123366,128345,11542],{"id":128344},"python-string-find-method",[18,128346,124361],{},[14,128348,123371,128349,128351],{},[18,128350,124361],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128353,128354,128355,26],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128356,66071],{},[14,128358,165,128359,128361],{},[18,128360,124361],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[52,128363,128365],{"className":54,"code":128364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128366,128367,128379,128402,128415,128419,128442],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128368,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128370,1033],{"class":67},[61,128372,72],{"class":71},[61,128374,226],{"class":214},[61,128376,60631],{"class":218},[61,128378,1043],{"class":214},[61,128380,128381,128383,128385,128387,128389,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128382,65137],{"class":67},[61,128384,72],{"class":71},[61,128386,43065],{"class":67},[61,128388,26],{"class":75},[61,128390,128391],{"class":116},"find",[61,128393,113],{"class":75},[61,128395,215],{"class":214},[61,128397,60812],{"class":218},[61,128399,215],{"class":214},[61,128401,120],{"class":75},[61,128403,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128405,127],{"class":126},[61,128407,113],{"class":75},[61,128409,65164],{"class":116},[61,128411,3893],{"class":75},[61,128413,128414],{"class":3896},"   # 6\n",[61,128416,128417],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128418,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,128420,128421,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128422,128423],{"class":67},"missing ",[61,128425,72],{"class":71},[61,128427,43065],{"class":67},[61,128429,26],{"class":75},[61,128431,128391],{"class":116},[61,128433,113],{"class":75},[61,128435,215],{"class":214},[61,128437,56],{"class":218},[61,128439,215],{"class":214},[61,128441,120],{"class":75},[61,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,128445,127],{"class":126},[61,128447,113],{"class":75},[61,128449,26994],{"class":116},[61,128451,3893],{"class":75},[61,128453,128454],{"class":3896},"    # -1\n",[43804,128456,128457],{},[14,128458,165,128459,128461,128462,128464],{},[18,128460,124361],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128463,66071],{}," if the substring is not found.",[47,128466,3911,128468,3914],{"id":128467},"what-find-does",[18,128469,124361],{},[14,128471,128472,128474],{},[18,128473,124361],{}," is a string method that:",[34,128476,128477,128480,128483,128488],{},[37,128478,128479],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[37,128481,128482],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[37,128484,11644,128485,128487],{},[18,128486,66071],{}," if no match is found",[37,128489,126552],{},[14,128491,197],{},[52,128493,128495],{"className":54,"code":128494,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128496,128497,128509,128513,128537,128561],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128500,1033],{"class":67},[61,128502,72],{"class":71},[61,128504,226],{"class":214},[61,128506,1040],{"class":218},[61,128508,1043],{"class":214},[61,128510,128511],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128512,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,128514,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128516,127],{"class":126},[61,128518,113],{"class":75},[61,128520,1056],{"class":116},[61,128522,26],{"class":75},[61,128524,128391],{"class":116},[61,128526,113],{"class":75},[61,128528,215],{"class":214},[61,128530,123459],{"class":218},[61,128532,215],{"class":214},[61,128534,5590],{"class":75},[61,128536,57870],{"class":3896},[61,128538,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128540,127],{"class":126},[61,128542,113],{"class":75},[61,128544,1056],{"class":116},[61,128546,26],{"class":75},[61,128548,128391],{"class":116},[61,128550,113],{"class":75},[61,128552,215],{"class":214},[61,128554,2422],{"class":218},[61,128556,215],{"class":214},[61,128558,5590],{"class":75},[61,128560,128454],{"class":3896},[61,128562,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128564,127],{"class":126},[61,128566,113],{"class":75},[61,128568,1056],{"class":116},[61,128570,3893],{"class":75},[61,128572,128573],{"class":3896},"              # banana\n",[14,128575,20991,128576,128579,128580,26],{},[18,128577,128578],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128581,2310],{},[47,128583,341],{"id":340},[14,128585,344],{},[52,128587,128589],{"className":54,"code":128588,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128590,128591],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128592,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128594,389],{"class":67},[61,128596,26],{"class":75},[61,128598,128391],{"class":116},[61,128600,113],{"class":75},[61,128602,1783],{"class":116},[61,128604,83],{"class":75},[61,128606,36273],{"class":116},[61,128608,83],{"class":75},[61,128610,65258],{"class":116},[61,128612,120],{"class":75},[819,128614,17616],{"id":17615},[34,128616,128617,128621,128626],{},[37,128618,128619,123558],{},[18,128620,1783],{},[37,128622,128623,128625],{},[18,128624,36294],{},": optional starting position",[37,128627,128628,128630],{},[18,128629,52884],{},": optional ending position",[14,128632,128633,4621,128635,128637],{},[18,128634,36294],{},[18,128636,52884],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128639,126695],{},[52,128641,128643],{"className":54,"code":128642,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128644,128645,128657,128661,128686,128715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128646,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128648,1033],{"class":67},[61,128650,72],{"class":71},[61,128652,226],{"class":214},[61,128654,60631],{"class":218},[61,128656,1043],{"class":214},[61,128658,128659],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128660,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,128662,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128664,127],{"class":126},[61,128666,113],{"class":75},[61,128668,1056],{"class":116},[61,128670,26],{"class":75},[61,128672,128391],{"class":116},[61,128674,113],{"class":75},[61,128676,215],{"class":214},[61,128678,571],{"class":218},[61,128680,215],{"class":214},[61,128682,5590],{"class":75},[61,128684,128685],{"class":3896},"        # 4\n",[61,128687,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128689,127],{"class":126},[61,128691,113],{"class":75},[61,128693,1056],{"class":116},[61,128695,26],{"class":75},[61,128697,128391],{"class":116},[61,128699,113],{"class":75},[61,128701,215],{"class":214},[61,128703,571],{"class":218},[61,128705,215],{"class":214},[61,128707,83],{"class":75},[61,128709,950],{"class":79},[61,128711,5590],{"class":75},[61,128713,128714],{"class":3896},"     # 7\n",[61,128716,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128718,127],{"class":126},[61,128720,113],{"class":75},[61,128722,1056],{"class":116},[61,128724,26],{"class":75},[61,128726,128391],{"class":116},[61,128728,113],{"class":75},[61,128730,215],{"class":214},[61,128732,571],{"class":218},[61,128734,215],{"class":214},[61,128736,83],{"class":75},[61,128738,950],{"class":79},[61,128740,83],{"class":75},[61,128742,6222],{"class":79},[61,128744,5590],{"class":75},[61,128746,128747],{"class":3896},"  # -1\n",[47,128749,38241],{"id":38240},[14,128751,57769,128752,128754],{},[18,128753,124361],{}," is always an integer.",[34,128756,128757,128763,128766],{},[37,128758,128759,128760,128762],{},"A number ",[18,128761,582],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[37,128764,128765],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[37,128767,128768,128770],{},[18,128769,66071],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128772,197],{},[52,128774,128776],{"className":54,"code":128775,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128777,128778,128790,128794,128819,128844],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128779,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128781,1033],{"class":67},[61,128783,72],{"class":71},[61,128785,226],{"class":214},[61,128787,56],{"class":218},[61,128789,1043],{"class":214},[61,128791,128792],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128793,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,128795,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810,128813,128815,128817],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128797,127],{"class":126},[61,128799,113],{"class":75},[61,128801,1056],{"class":116},[61,128803,26],{"class":75},[61,128805,128391],{"class":116},[61,128807,113],{"class":75},[61,128809,215],{"class":214},[61,128811,128812],{"class":218},"py",[61,128814,215],{"class":214},[61,128816,5590],{"class":75},[61,128818,20988],{"class":3896},[61,128820,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128838,128840,128842],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128822,127],{"class":126},[61,128824,113],{"class":75},[61,128826,1056],{"class":116},[61,128828,26],{"class":75},[61,128830,128391],{"class":116},[61,128832,113],{"class":75},[61,128834,215],{"class":214},[61,128836,128837],{"class":218},"th",[61,128839,215],{"class":214},[61,128841,5590],{"class":75},[61,128843,57870],{"class":3896},[61,128845,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128847,127],{"class":126},[61,128849,113],{"class":75},[61,128851,1056],{"class":116},[61,128853,26],{"class":75},[61,128855,128391],{"class":116},[61,128857,113],{"class":75},[61,128859,215],{"class":214},[61,128861,22297],{"class":218},[61,128863,215],{"class":214},[61,128865,5590],{"class":75},[61,128867,128454],{"class":3896},[14,128869,90125,128870,8685,128872,1881,128874,26],{},[18,128871,124361],{},[18,128873,3837],{},[18,128875,3907],{},[14,128877,128878],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[47,128880,1750,128881,4621,128883],{"id":65623},[18,128882,36294],{},[18,128884,52884],{},[14,128886,165,128887,128889],{},[18,128888,36294],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128891,165,128892,128894],{},[18,128893,52884],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128896,2233,128897,75679,128899,128901],{},[18,128898,52884],{},[23,128900,65287],{}," in the search.",[52,128903,128905],{"className":54,"code":128904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128906,128907,128920,128924,128948,128977,129009],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,128908,128909,128911,128913,128915,128918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,128910,1033],{"class":67},[61,128912,72],{"class":71},[61,128914,226],{"class":214},[61,128916,128917],{"class":218},"one two three two",[61,128919,1043],{"class":214},[61,128921,128922],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,128923,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,128925,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,128927,127],{"class":126},[61,128929,113],{"class":75},[61,128931,1056],{"class":116},[61,128933,26],{"class":75},[61,128935,128391],{"class":116},[61,128937,113],{"class":75},[61,128939,215],{"class":214},[61,128941,79486],{"class":218},[61,128943,215],{"class":214},[61,128945,5590],{"class":75},[61,128947,128685],{"class":3896},[61,128949,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,128951,127],{"class":126},[61,128953,113],{"class":75},[61,128955,1056],{"class":116},[61,128957,26],{"class":75},[61,128959,128391],{"class":116},[61,128961,113],{"class":75},[61,128963,215],{"class":214},[61,128965,79486],{"class":218},[61,128967,215],{"class":214},[61,128969,83],{"class":75},[61,128971,950],{"class":79},[61,128973,5590],{"class":75},[61,128975,128976],{"class":3896},"     # 14\n",[61,128978,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,128980,127],{"class":126},[61,128982,113],{"class":75},[61,128984,1056],{"class":116},[61,128986,26],{"class":75},[61,128988,128391],{"class":116},[61,128990,113],{"class":75},[61,128992,215],{"class":214},[61,128994,79486],{"class":218},[61,128996,215],{"class":214},[61,128998,83],{"class":75},[61,129000,4065],{"class":79},[61,129002,83],{"class":75},[61,129004,6222],{"class":79},[61,129006,5590],{"class":75},[61,129008,51159],{"class":3896},[61,129010,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,129012,127],{"class":126},[61,129014,113],{"class":75},[61,129016,1056],{"class":116},[61,129018,26],{"class":75},[61,129020,128391],{"class":116},[61,129022,113],{"class":75},[61,129024,215],{"class":214},[61,129026,79486],{"class":218},[61,129028,215],{"class":214},[61,129030,83],{"class":75},[61,129032,4065],{"class":79},[61,129034,83],{"class":75},[61,129036,1178],{"class":79},[61,129038,5590],{"class":75},[61,129040,128747],{"class":3896},[14,129042,129043],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129045,129046,129047,55293,129051,26],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[334,129048,129050],{"href":129049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[334,129052,129054,129056],{"href":129053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,129055,60752],{}," string method",[47,129058,124013],{"id":124012},[14,129060,129061,123824],{},[18,129062,124361],{},[14,129064,127411,129065,4621,129067,129069],{},[18,129066,90633],{},[18,129068,64753],{}," are treated as different text.",[52,129071,129073],{"className":54,"code":129072,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129074,129075,129088,129092,129116],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129076,129077,129079,129081,129083,129086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129078,1033],{"class":67},[61,129080,72],{"class":71},[61,129082,226],{"class":214},[61,129084,129085],{"class":218},"Hello World",[61,129087,1043],{"class":214},[61,129089,129090],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129091,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129093,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129095,127],{"class":126},[61,129097,113],{"class":75},[61,129099,1056],{"class":116},[61,129101,26],{"class":75},[61,129103,128391],{"class":116},[61,129105,113],{"class":75},[61,129107,215],{"class":214},[61,129109,35088],{"class":218},[61,129111,215],{"class":214},[61,129113,5590],{"class":75},[61,129115,51470],{"class":3896},[61,129117,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,129119,127],{"class":126},[61,129121,113],{"class":75},[61,129123,1056],{"class":116},[61,129125,26],{"class":75},[61,129127,128391],{"class":116},[61,129129,113],{"class":75},[61,129131,215],{"class":214},[61,129133,475],{"class":218},[61,129135,215],{"class":214},[61,129137,5590],{"class":75},[61,129139,128747],{"class":3896},[14,129141,129142],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[52,129144,129146],{"className":54,"code":129145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129147,129148,129160,129164],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129149,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129151,1033],{"class":67},[61,129153,72],{"class":71},[61,129155,226],{"class":214},[61,129157,129085],{"class":218},[61,129159,1043],{"class":214},[61,129161,129162],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129163,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129165,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129167,127],{"class":126},[61,129169,113],{"class":75},[61,129171,1056],{"class":116},[61,129173,26],{"class":75},[61,129175,8870],{"class":116},[61,129177,8867],{"class":75},[61,129179,128391],{"class":116},[61,129181,113],{"class":75},[61,129183,215],{"class":214},[61,129185,475],{"class":218},[61,129187,215],{"class":214},[61,129189,5590],{"class":75},[61,129191,51470],{"class":3896},[47,129193,129195,10806,129197],{"id":129194},"find-vs-index",[18,129196,124361],{},[18,129198,59193],{},[14,129200,129201,4621,129203,129205],{},[18,129202,124361],{},[18,129204,59193],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[34,129207,129208,129214],{},[37,129209,129210,2642,129212],{},[18,129211,124361],{},[18,129213,66071],{},[37,129215,129216,52718,129218],{},[18,129217,59193],{},[18,129219,40926],{},[14,129221,165,129222,129224],{},[18,129223,124361],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129226,165,129227,129229],{},[18,129228,59193],{}," when the value must exist.",[52,129231,129233],{"className":54,"code":129232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129234,129235,129247,129251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129236,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129238,1033],{"class":67},[61,129240,72],{"class":71},[61,129242,226],{"class":214},[61,129244,475],{"class":218},[61,129246,1043],{"class":214},[61,129248,129249],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129250,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129252,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129254,127],{"class":126},[61,129256,113],{"class":75},[61,129258,1056],{"class":116},[61,129260,26],{"class":75},[61,129262,128391],{"class":116},[61,129264,113],{"class":75},[61,129266,215],{"class":214},[61,129268,2422],{"class":218},[61,129270,215],{"class":214},[61,129272,5590],{"class":75},[61,129274,129275],{"class":3896},"   # -1\n",[52,129277,129279],{"className":54,"code":129278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129280,129281,129293,129297],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129282,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129284,1033],{"class":67},[61,129286,72],{"class":71},[61,129288,226],{"class":214},[61,129290,475],{"class":218},[61,129292,1043],{"class":214},[61,129294,129295],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129296,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129298,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317,129319],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129300,127],{"class":126},[61,129302,113],{"class":75},[61,129304,1056],{"class":116},[61,129306,26],{"class":75},[61,129308,36067],{"class":116},[61,129310,113],{"class":75},[61,129312,215],{"class":214},[61,129314,2422],{"class":218},[61,129316,215],{"class":214},[61,129318,5590],{"class":75},[61,129320,129321],{"class":3896},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129323,129324,129325,129329,129330,129332,129333,26],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[334,129326,129327,129056],{"href":124386},[18,129328,59193],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129331,59193],{},", read ",[334,129334,25900,129335],{"href":73699},[18,129336,129337],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[47,129339,41268],{"id":41267},[14,129341,29,129342,129344],{},[18,129343,124361],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[34,129346,129347,129350,129353,129356],{},[37,129348,129349],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[37,129351,129352],{},"Get the position of a word",[37,129354,129355],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[37,129357,129358],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129360,129361],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[52,129363,129365],{"className":54,"code":129364,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129366,129367,129380,129403,129407,129422,129438,129457,129471],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129368,129369,129371,129373,129375,129378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129370,1033],{"class":67},[61,129372,72],{"class":71},[61,129374,226],{"class":214},[61,129376,129377],{"class":218},"name:Alice",[61,129379,1043],{"class":214},[61,129381,129382,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129383,129384],{"class":67},"colon_pos ",[61,129386,72],{"class":71},[61,129388,43065],{"class":67},[61,129390,26],{"class":75},[61,129392,128391],{"class":116},[61,129394,113],{"class":75},[61,129396,215],{"class":214},[61,129398,378],{"class":218},[61,129400,215],{"class":214},[61,129402,120],{"class":75},[61,129404,129405],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129406,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129408,129409,129411,129414,129416,129418,129420],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,129410,7227],{"class":1490},[61,129412,129413],{"class":67}," colon_pos ",[61,129415,72809],{"class":71},[61,129417,2469],{"class":71},[61,129419,80],{"class":79},[61,129421,6621],{"class":75},[61,129423,129424,129427,129429,129431,129433,129436],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,129425,129426],{"class":67},"    label ",[61,129428,72],{"class":71},[61,129430,43065],{"class":67},[61,129432,75752],{"class":75},[61,129434,129435],{"class":67},"colon_pos",[61,129437,98],{"class":75},[61,129439,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,129441,27622],{"class":67},[61,129443,72],{"class":71},[61,129445,43065],{"class":67},[61,129447,4129],{"class":75},[61,129449,129384],{"class":67},[61,129451,2313],{"class":71},[61,129453,587],{"class":79},[61,129455,129456],{"class":75},":]\n",[61,129458,129459,129461,129463,129466,129468],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,129460,8299],{"class":126},[61,129462,113],{"class":75},[61,129464,129465],{"class":116},"label",[61,129467,3893],{"class":75},[61,129469,129470],{"class":3896},"  # name\n",[61,129472,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,129474,8299],{"class":126},[61,129476,113],{"class":75},[61,129478,1783],{"class":116},[61,129480,3893],{"class":75},[61,129482,129483],{"class":3896},"  # Alice\n",[14,129485,129486,129487,26],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[334,129488,127402],{"href":123621},[47,129490,1741],{"id":1740},[14,129492,129493,129494,378],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129495,124361],{},[34,129497,129498,129507,129513,129518,129524],{},[37,129499,1864,129500,8685,129502,1881,129504,129506],{},[18,129501,124361],{},[18,129503,3837],{},[18,129505,3907],{}," instead of an index",[37,129508,129509,129510,129512],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129511,66071],{}," when the substring is missing",[37,129514,1750,129515,129517],{},[18,129516,124361],{}," without handling case differences",[37,129519,1874,129520,1877,129522],{},[18,129521,124361],{},[18,129523,59193],{},[37,129525,4808,129526,129528],{},[18,129527,124361],{}," changes the string",[14,129530,129531],{},"Example of a mistake:",[52,129533,129535],{"className":54,"code":129534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129536,129537,129549,129553,129573,129588,129594],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129538,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129540,1033],{"class":67},[61,129542,72],{"class":71},[61,129544,226],{"class":214},[61,129546,475],{"class":218},[61,129548,1043],{"class":214},[61,129550,129551],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129552,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129554,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129556,7227],{"class":1490},[61,129558,43065],{"class":67},[61,129560,26],{"class":75},[61,129562,128391],{"class":116},[61,129564,113],{"class":75},[61,129566,215],{"class":214},[61,129568,544],{"class":218},[61,129570,215],{"class":214},[61,129572,8572],{"class":75},[61,129574,129575,129577,129579,129581,129584,129586],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,129576,8299],{"class":126},[61,129578,113],{"class":75},[61,129580,215],{"class":214},[61,129582,129583],{"class":218},"Found",[61,129585,215],{"class":214},[61,129587,120],{"class":75},[61,129589,129590,129592],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,129591,27655],{"class":1490},[61,129593,6621],{"class":75},[61,129595,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,129597,8299],{"class":126},[61,129599,113],{"class":75},[61,129601,215],{"class":214},[61,129603,26536],{"class":218},[61,129605,215],{"class":214},[61,129607,120],{"class":75},[14,129609,100108],{},[52,129611,129613],{"className":54,"code":129612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Not found\n",[18,129614,129615],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129616,129617],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129618,129612],{"class":67},[14,129620,45927,129621,129624,129625,17293,129627,129629,129630,129632],{},[18,129622,129623],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129626,582],{},[18,129628,582],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129631,7227],{}," statement.",[14,129634,129635],{},"A safer version is:",[52,129637,129639],{"className":54,"code":129638,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129640,129641,129653,129657,129686,129700,129706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129642,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129644,1033],{"class":67},[61,129646,72],{"class":71},[61,129648,226],{"class":214},[61,129650,475],{"class":218},[61,129652,1043],{"class":214},[61,129654,129655],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129656,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,129658,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129680,129682,129684],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129660,7227],{"class":1490},[61,129662,43065],{"class":67},[61,129664,26],{"class":75},[61,129666,128391],{"class":116},[61,129668,113],{"class":75},[61,129670,215],{"class":214},[61,129672,544],{"class":218},[61,129674,215],{"class":214},[61,129676,3893],{"class":75},[61,129678,129679],{"class":71}," !=",[61,129681,2469],{"class":71},[61,129683,80],{"class":79},[61,129685,6621],{"class":75},[61,129687,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,129689,8299],{"class":126},[61,129691,113],{"class":75},[61,129693,215],{"class":214},[61,129695,129583],{"class":218},[61,129697,215],{"class":214},[61,129699,120],{"class":75},[61,129701,129702,129704],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,129703,27655],{"class":1490},[61,129705,6621],{"class":75},[61,129707,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,129709,8299],{"class":126},[61,129711,113],{"class":75},[61,129713,215],{"class":214},[61,129715,26536],{"class":218},[61,129717,215],{"class":214},[61,129719,120],{"class":75},[14,129721,129722],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[52,129724,129726],{"className":54,"code":129725,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129727,129728,129750,129764,129790,129804],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,129729,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,129731,127],{"class":126},[61,129733,113],{"class":75},[61,129735,1056],{"class":116},[61,129737,26],{"class":75},[61,129739,128391],{"class":116},[61,129741,113],{"class":75},[61,129743,299],{"class":214},[61,129745,38612],{"class":218},[61,129747,299],{"class":214},[61,129749,480],{"class":75},[61,129751,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,129753,127],{"class":126},[61,129755,113],{"class":75},[61,129757,42002],{"class":126},[61,129759,113],{"class":75},[61,129761,1056],{"class":116},[61,129763,480],{"class":75},[61,129765,129766,129768,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,129767,127],{"class":126},[61,129769,113],{"class":75},[61,129771,1056],{"class":116},[61,129773,26],{"class":75},[61,129775,8870],{"class":116},[61,129777,8867],{"class":75},[61,129779,128391],{"class":116},[61,129781,113],{"class":75},[61,129783,299],{"class":214},[61,129785,38612],{"class":218},[61,129787,299],{"class":214},[61,129789,480],{"class":75},[61,129791,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,129793,127],{"class":126},[61,129795,113],{"class":75},[61,129797,1948],{"class":126},[61,129799,113],{"class":75},[61,129801,1056],{"class":116},[61,129803,480],{"class":75},[61,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,129807,127],{"class":126},[61,129809,113],{"class":75},[61,129811,1056],{"class":116},[61,129813,26],{"class":75},[61,129815,128391],{"class":116},[61,129817,113],{"class":75},[61,129819,299],{"class":214},[61,129821,38612],{"class":218},[61,129823,299],{"class":214},[61,129825,83],{"class":75},[61,129827,36273],{"class":116},[61,129829,83],{"class":75},[61,129831,65258],{"class":116},[61,129833,480],{"class":75},[14,129835,129836],{},"These help you check:",[34,129838,129839,129844,129849,129854,129857],{},[37,129840,129841,129842],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129843,124361],{},[37,129845,129846,129847],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129848,122580],{},[37,129850,129851,129852],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129853,124096],{},[37,129855,129856],{},"The string length",[37,129858,129859,129860,4621,129862,129864],{},"Whether your ",[18,129861,36294],{},[18,129863,52884],{}," values are correct",[47,129866,1987],{"id":1986},[819,129868,129870,129871,129873],{"id":129869},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129872,124361],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129875,5377,129876,26],{},[18,129877,66071],{},[819,129879,12927,129881,129883],{"id":129880},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129882,124361],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129885,129886],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[819,129888,129890,129891,124702],{"id":129889},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129892,124361],{},[14,129894,129895],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[819,129897,5408,129899,4621,129901,69872],{"id":129898},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129900,124361],{},[18,129902,59193],{},[14,129904,129905,2642,129907,129909,129910,52718,129912,26],{},[18,129906,124361],{},[18,129908,66071],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129911,59193],{},[18,129913,40926],{},[819,129915,28550,129917,129919],{"id":129916},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129918,124361],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129921,129922,129923,4621,129925,66370],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129924,36294],{},[18,129926,52884],{},[47,129928,2144],{"id":2143},[34,129930,129931,129937,129943,129950,129956,129963,129967,129972],{},[37,129932,129933],{},[334,129934,126366,129935,10961],{"href":124386},[18,129936,59193],{},[37,129938,129939],{},[334,129940,126366,129941,10961],{"href":129053},[18,129942,60752],{},[37,129944,129945],{},[334,129946,126366,129948,10961],{"href":129947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129949,124537],{},[37,129951,129952],{},[334,129953,126366,129954,10961],{"href":127731},[18,129955,127734],{},[37,129957,129958],{},[334,129959,126366,129961,10961],{"href":129960},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129962,126424],{},[37,129964,129965],{},[334,129966,124765],{"href":123621},[37,129968,129969],{},[334,129970,129971],{"href":129049},"How to split a string in Python",[37,129973,129974],{},[334,129975,26343,129976],{"href":73699},[18,129977,129337],{},[2169,129979,129980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":129982},[129983,129985,129988,129989,129990,129991,129993,129994,129995,130007],{"id":128467,"depth":101,"text":129984},"What find() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":129986},[129987],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":38240,"depth":101,"text":38241},{"id":65623,"depth":101,"text":66406},{"id":124012,"depth":101,"text":124013},{"id":129194,"depth":101,"text":129992},"find() vs index()",{"id":41267,"depth":101,"text":41268},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":129996},[129997,129999,130001,130003,130005],{"id":129869,"depth":123,"text":129998},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129880,"depth":123,"text":130000},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129889,"depth":123,"text":130002},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129898,"depth":123,"text":130004},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129916,"depth":123,"text":130006},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128339,"description":130008},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130015,"title":130016,"body":130017,"description":131943,"extension":2216,"meta":131944,"navigation":271,"path":131945,"seo":131946,"stem":131947,"__hash__":131948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130018,"toc":131911},[130019,130024,130029,130032,130034,130110,130114,130142,130150,130154,130159,130163,130180,130182,130249,130253,130275,130283,130285,130288,130312,130315,130329,130331,130416,130420,130432,130435,130439,130445,130495,130499,130516,130525,130528,130536,130539,130588,130592,130617,130620,130675,130679,130691,130697,130701,130707,130712,130779,130783,130809,130812,130823,130825,130892,130896,130921,130928,130932,130937,130944,130952,130954,131006,131010,131028,131030,131075,131079,131094,131097,131107,131114,131116,131120,131123,131134,131136,131196,131200,131228,131231,131237,131242,131245,131249,131293,131296,131334,131337,131345,131347,131352,131356,131359,131407,131410,131413,131469,131473,131478,131481,131530,131532,131581,131587,131592,131594,131641,131645,131658,131660,131711,131717,131720,131724,131727,131733,131738,131740,131743,131815,131818,131835,131837,131842,131845,131849,131855,131861,131868,131874,131880,131882,131908],[10,130020,123366,130022,11542],{"id":130021},"python-string-format-method",[18,130023,126369],{},[14,130025,123371,130026,130028],{},[18,130027,126369],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130030,130031],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[47,130033,50],{"id":49},[52,130035,130037],{"className":54,"code":130036,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,130038,130039,130051,130059,130063,130100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130040,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130042,8106],{"class":67},[61,130044,72],{"class":71},[61,130046,226],{"class":214},[61,130048,11730],{"class":218},[61,130050,1043],{"class":214},[61,130052,130053,130055,130057],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130054,21848],{"class":67},[61,130056,72],{"class":71},[61,130058,89014],{"class":79},[61,130060,130061],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,130062,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,130064,130065,130067,130069,130071,130074,130076,130079,130081,130083,130085,130087,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,130066,90222],{"class":67},[61,130068,72],{"class":71},[61,130070,226],{"class":214},[61,130072,130073],{"class":218},"My name is ",[61,130075,700],{"class":79},[61,130077,130078],{"class":218}," and I am ",[61,130080,700],{"class":79},[61,130082,122362],{"class":218},[61,130084,215],{"class":214},[61,130086,26],{"class":75},[61,130088,130089],{"class":116},"format",[61,130091,113],{"class":75},[61,130093,7899],{"class":116},[61,130095,83],{"class":75},[61,130097,9413],{"class":116},[61,130099,120],{"class":75},[61,130101,130102,130104,130106,130108],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,130103,127],{"class":126},[61,130105,113],{"class":75},[61,130107,90239],{"class":116},[61,130109,120],{"class":75},[14,130111,130112],{},[23,130113,139],{},[52,130115,130117],{"className":54,"code":130116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130118,130119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130120,130121,130124,130126,130129,130132,130135,130138,130140],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130122,130123],{"class":67},"My name ",[61,130125,12416],{"class":71},[61,130127,130128],{"class":67}," Maya ",[61,130130,130131],{"class":71},"and",[61,130133,130134],{"class":67}," I am ",[61,130136,130137],{"class":79},"12",[61,130139,122395],{"class":67},[61,130141,122398],{"class":75},[14,130143,165,130144,130146,130147,130149],{},[18,130145,700],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130148,126369],{}," in the same order.",[14,130151,125118,130152,26],{},[334,130153,125121],{"href":51199},[47,130155,13220,130157,13223],{"id":130156},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130158,126369],{},[14,130160,2233,130161,11633],{},[18,130162,126369],{},[34,130164,130165,130168,130174,130177],{},[37,130166,130167],{},"inserts values into a string",[37,130169,130170,130171,130173],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130172,700],{}," with given values",[37,130175,130176],{},"returns a new string",[37,130178,130179],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130181,197],{},[52,130183,130185],{"className":54,"code":130184,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130186,130187,130201,130224,130228,130239],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130188,130189,130191,130193,130195,130197,130199],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130190,1033],{"class":67},[61,130192,72],{"class":71},[61,130194,226],{"class":214},[61,130196,45125],{"class":218},[61,130198,700],{"class":79},[61,130200,1043],{"class":214},[61,130202,130203,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130204,130205],{"class":67},"new_text ",[61,130207,72],{"class":71},[61,130209,43065],{"class":67},[61,130211,26],{"class":75},[61,130213,130089],{"class":116},[61,130215,113],{"class":75},[61,130217,215],{"class":214},[61,130219,7908],{"class":218},[61,130221,215],{"class":214},[61,130223,120],{"class":75},[61,130225,130226],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,130227,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,130229,130230,130232,130234,130237],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,130231,127],{"class":126},[61,130233,113],{"class":75},[61,130235,130236],{"class":116},"new_text",[61,130238,120],{"class":75},[61,130240,130241,130243,130245,130247],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,130242,127],{"class":126},[61,130244,113],{"class":75},[61,130246,1056],{"class":116},[61,130248,120],{"class":75},[14,130250,130251],{},[23,130252,139],{},[52,130254,130256],{"className":54,"code":130255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130257,130258,130267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130259,130260,130262,130264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130261,35088],{"class":67},[61,130263,83],{"class":75},[61,130265,130266],{"class":67}," Sam\n",[61,130268,130269,130271,130273],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130270,35088],{"class":67},[61,130272,83],{"class":75},[61,130274,733],{"class":75},[14,130276,325,130277,130279,130280,130282],{},[18,130278,1056],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130281,126369],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[47,130284,341],{"id":340},[14,130286,130287],{},"The general form is:",[52,130289,130291],{"className":54,"code":130290,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130292,130293],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130294,130295,130297,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130296,215],{"class":43552},[61,130298,130299],{"class":43556},"text {}",[61,130301,215],{"class":43552},[61,130303,26],{"class":75},[61,130305,130089],{"class":116},[61,130307,113],{"class":75},[61,130309,1783],{"class":116},[61,130311,120],{"class":75},[14,130313,130314],{},"Key idea:",[34,130316,130317,130323,130326],{},[37,130318,130319,130320,130322],{},"each ",[18,130321,700],{}," is a placeholder",[37,130324,130325],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[37,130327,130328],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130330,197],{},[52,130332,130334],{"className":54,"code":130333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130335,130336,130349,130363,130367,130405],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130337,130338,130341,130343,130345,130347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130339,130340],{"class":67},"animal ",[61,130342,72],{"class":71},[61,130344,226],{"class":214},[61,130346,37269],{"class":218},[61,130348,1043],{"class":214},[61,130350,130351,130354,130356,130358,130361],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130352,130353],{"class":67},"sound ",[61,130355,72],{"class":71},[61,130357,226],{"class":214},[61,130359,130360],{"class":218},"meow",[61,130362,1043],{"class":214},[61,130364,130365],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,130366,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,130368,130369,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130398,130400,130403],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,130370,130371],{"class":67},"sentence ",[61,130373,72],{"class":71},[61,130375,226],{"class":214},[61,130377,2233],{"class":218},[61,130379,700],{"class":79},[61,130381,130382],{"class":218}," says ",[61,130384,700],{"class":79},[61,130386,26],{"class":218},[61,130388,215],{"class":214},[61,130390,26],{"class":75},[61,130392,130089],{"class":116},[61,130394,113],{"class":75},[61,130396,130397],{"class":116},"animal",[61,130399,83],{"class":75},[61,130401,130402],{"class":116}," sound",[61,130404,120],{"class":75},[61,130406,130407,130409,130411,130414],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,130408,127],{"class":126},[61,130410,113],{"class":75},[61,130412,130413],{"class":116},"sentence",[61,130415,120],{"class":75},[14,130417,130418],{},[23,130419,139],{},[52,130421,130423],{"className":54,"code":130422,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130424,130425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130426,130427,130430],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130428,130429],{"class":67},"The cat says meow",[61,130431,122398],{"class":75},[14,130433,130434],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[47,130436,130438],{"id":130437},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130440,130441,130442,130444],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130443,700],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[52,130446,130448],{"className":54,"code":130447,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130449,130450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130451,130452,130454,130456,130458,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130482,130484,130486,130488,130491,130493],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130453,127],{"class":126},[61,130455,113],{"class":75},[61,130457,215],{"class":214},[61,130459,130460],{"class":218},"I like ",[61,130462,700],{"class":79},[61,130464,4621],{"class":218},[61,130466,700],{"class":79},[61,130468,26],{"class":218},[61,130470,215],{"class":214},[61,130472,26],{"class":75},[61,130474,130089],{"class":116},[61,130476,113],{"class":75},[61,130478,215],{"class":214},[61,130480,130481],{"class":218},"pizza",[61,130483,215],{"class":214},[61,130485,83],{"class":75},[61,130487,226],{"class":214},[61,130489,130490],{"class":218},"pasta",[61,130492,215],{"class":214},[61,130494,480],{"class":75},[14,130496,130497],{},[23,130498,139],{},[52,130500,130502],{"className":54,"code":130501,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130503,130504],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130505,130506,130509,130511,130514],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130507,130508],{"class":67},"I like pizza ",[61,130510,130131],{"class":71},[61,130512,130513],{"class":67}," pasta",[61,130515,122398],{"class":75},[14,130517,130518,130519,4621,130522,26],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130520,130521],{},"{0}",[18,130523,130524],{},"{1}",[14,130526,130527],{},"This is helpful when:",[34,130529,130530,130533],{},[37,130531,130532],{},"you want to reuse a value",[37,130534,130535],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130537,130538],{},"Example with reused values:",[52,130540,130542],{"className":54,"code":130541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130543,130544,130578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130545,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130557,130559,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130547,1033],{"class":67},[61,130549,72],{"class":71},[61,130551,226],{"class":214},[61,130553,130521],{"class":79},[61,130555,130556],{"class":218}," is learning Python. ",[61,130558,130521],{"class":79},[61,130560,130561],{"class":218}," likes coding.",[61,130563,215],{"class":214},[61,130565,26],{"class":75},[61,130567,130089],{"class":116},[61,130569,113],{"class":75},[61,130571,215],{"class":214},[61,130573,20102],{"class":218},[61,130575,215],{"class":214},[61,130577,120],{"class":75},[61,130579,130580,130582,130584,130586],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130581,127],{"class":126},[61,130583,113],{"class":75},[61,130585,1056],{"class":116},[61,130587,120],{"class":75},[14,130589,130590],{},[23,130591,139],{},[52,130593,130595],{"className":54,"code":130594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130596,130597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130598,130599,130602,130604,130607,130609,130612,130615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130600,130601],{"class":67},"Lina ",[61,130603,12416],{"class":71},[61,130605,130606],{"class":67}," learning Python",[61,130608,26],{"class":75},[61,130610,130611],{"class":24971}," Lina",[61,130613,130614],{"class":67}," likes coding",[61,130616,122398],{"class":75},[14,130618,130619],{},"Example with changed order:",[52,130621,130623],{"className":54,"code":130622,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130624,130625,130665],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130626,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130628,1033],{"class":67},[61,130630,72],{"class":71},[61,130632,226],{"class":214},[61,130634,130524],{"class":79},[61,130636,83541],{"class":218},[61,130638,130521],{"class":79},[61,130640,26],{"class":218},[61,130642,215],{"class":214},[61,130644,26],{"class":75},[61,130646,130089],{"class":116},[61,130648,113],{"class":75},[61,130650,215],{"class":214},[61,130652,6814],{"class":218},[61,130654,215],{"class":214},[61,130656,83],{"class":75},[61,130658,226],{"class":214},[61,130660,79486],{"class":218},[61,130662,215],{"class":214},[61,130664,120],{"class":75},[61,130666,130667,130669,130671,130673],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130668,127],{"class":126},[61,130670,113],{"class":75},[61,130672,1056],{"class":116},[61,130674,120],{"class":75},[14,130676,130677],{},[23,130678,139],{},[52,130680,130682],{"className":54,"code":130681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130683,130684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130685,130686,130689],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130687,130688],{"class":67},"two comes after one",[61,130690,122398],{"class":75},[14,130692,130693,130694,130696],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130695,700],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[47,130698,130700],{"id":130699},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130702,130703,130704,26],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130705,130706],{},"{name}",[14,130708,130709,130710,378],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130711,126369],{},[52,130713,130715],{"className":54,"code":130714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130716,130717,130769],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130718,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130732,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130755,130757,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130720,1033],{"class":67},[61,130722,72],{"class":71},[61,130724,226],{"class":214},[61,130726,130073],{"class":218},[61,130728,130706],{"class":79},[61,130730,130731],{"class":218}," and I live in ",[61,130733,130734],{"class":79},"{city}",[61,130736,26],{"class":218},[61,130738,215],{"class":214},[61,130740,26],{"class":75},[61,130742,130089],{"class":116},[61,130744,113],{"class":75},[61,130746,7899],{"class":9400},[61,130748,72],{"class":71},[61,130750,215],{"class":214},[61,130752,13104],{"class":218},[61,130754,215],{"class":214},[61,130756,83],{"class":75},[61,130758,31605],{"class":9400},[61,130760,72],{"class":71},[61,130762,215],{"class":214},[61,130764,16251],{"class":218},[61,130766,215],{"class":214},[61,130768,120],{"class":75},[61,130770,130771,130773,130775,130777],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130772,127],{"class":126},[61,130774,113],{"class":75},[61,130776,1056],{"class":116},[61,130778,120],{"class":75},[14,130780,130781],{},[23,130782,139],{},[52,130784,130786],{"className":54,"code":130785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130787,130788],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130789,130790,130792,130794,130797,130799,130802,130804,130807],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130791,130123],{"class":67},[61,130793,12416],{"class":71},[61,130795,130796],{"class":67}," Ana ",[61,130798,130131],{"class":71},[61,130800,130801],{"class":67}," I live ",[61,130803,1433],{"class":71},[61,130805,130806],{"class":67}," Lima",[61,130808,122398],{"class":75},[14,130810,130811],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[34,130813,130814,130817,130820],{},[37,130815,130816],{},"they make code easier to read",[37,130818,130819],{},"they help when a string has many values",[37,130821,130822],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130824,197],{},[52,130826,130828],{"className":54,"code":130827,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130829,130830,130882],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130831,130832,130835,130837,130839,130842,130845,130848,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130868,130870,130872,130875,130877,130880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130833,130834],{"class":67},"report ",[61,130836,72],{"class":71},[61,130838,226],{"class":214},[61,130840,130841],{"class":218},"Student: ",[61,130843,130844],{"class":79},"{student}",[61,130846,130847],{"class":218},", Score: ",[61,130849,130850],{"class":79},"{score}",[61,130852,215],{"class":214},[61,130854,26],{"class":75},[61,130856,130089],{"class":116},[61,130858,113],{"class":75},[61,130860,13848],{"class":9400},[61,130862,72],{"class":71},[61,130864,215],{"class":214},[61,130866,130867],{"class":218},"Noah",[61,130869,215],{"class":214},[61,130871,83],{"class":75},[61,130873,130874],{"class":9400}," score",[61,130876,72],{"class":71},[61,130878,130879],{"class":79},"95",[61,130881,120],{"class":75},[61,130883,130884,130886,130888,130890],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130885,127],{"class":126},[61,130887,113],{"class":75},[61,130889,128079],{"class":116},[61,130891,120],{"class":75},[14,130893,130894],{},[23,130895,139],{},[52,130897,130899],{"className":54,"code":130898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130900,130901],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130902,130903,130906,130908,130911,130913,130916,130918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130904,130905],{"class":67},"Student",[61,130907,378],{"class":75},[61,130909,130910],{"class":67}," Noah",[61,130912,83],{"class":75},[61,130914,130915],{"class":67}," Score",[61,130917,378],{"class":75},[61,130919,130920],{"class":79}," 95\n",[14,130922,130923,130924,26],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[334,130925,3808,130926,3741],{"href":42398},[18,130927,47907],{},[47,130929,130931],{"id":130930},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130933,130934,130936],{},[18,130935,126369],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130938,130939,130940,130943],{},"A common example is ",[18,130941,130942],{},":.2f",", which means:",[34,130945,130946,130949],{},[37,130947,130948],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[37,130950,130951],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130953,197],{},[52,130955,130957],{"className":54,"code":130956,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130958,130959,130967,130996],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,130960,130961,130963,130965],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,130962,40609],{"class":67},[61,130964,72],{"class":71},[61,130966,49499],{"class":79},[61,130968,130969,130971,130973,130975,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,130970,1033],{"class":67},[61,130972,72],{"class":71},[61,130974,226],{"class":214},[61,130976,130977],{"class":218},"Price: $",[61,130979,149],{"class":79},[61,130981,130942],{"class":675},[61,130983,22523],{"class":79},[61,130985,215],{"class":214},[61,130987,26],{"class":75},[61,130989,130089],{"class":116},[61,130991,113],{"class":75},[61,130993,25370],{"class":116},[61,130995,120],{"class":75},[61,130997,130998,131000,131002,131004],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,130999,127],{"class":126},[61,131001,113],{"class":75},[61,131003,1056],{"class":116},[61,131005,120],{"class":75},[14,131007,131008],{},[23,131009,139],{},[52,131011,131013],{"className":54,"code":131012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,131014,131015],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131016,131017,131020,131022,131025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131018,131019],{"class":67},"Price",[61,131021,378],{"class":75},[61,131023,131024],{"class":37588}," $",[61,131026,131027],{"class":79},"3.50\n",[14,131029,52303],{},[52,131031,131033],{"className":54,"code":131032,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,131034,131035,131045],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131036,131037,131040,131042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131038,131039],{"class":67},"average ",[61,131041,72],{"class":71},[61,131043,131044],{"class":79}," 91.236\n",[61,131046,131047,131049,131051,131053,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131073],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131048,127],{"class":126},[61,131050,113],{"class":75},[61,131052,215],{"class":214},[61,131054,131055],{"class":218},"Average: ",[61,131057,149],{"class":79},[61,131059,130942],{"class":675},[61,131061,22523],{"class":79},[61,131063,215],{"class":214},[61,131065,26],{"class":75},[61,131067,130089],{"class":116},[61,131069,113],{"class":75},[61,131071,131072],{"class":116},"average",[61,131074,480],{"class":75},[14,131076,131077],{},[23,131078,139],{},[52,131080,131082],{"className":54,"code":131081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131083,131084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131085,131086,131089,131091],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131087,131088],{"class":67},"Average",[61,131090,378],{"class":75},[61,131092,131093],{"class":79}," 91.24\n",[14,131095,131096],{},"This is useful for:",[34,131098,131099,131101,131104],{},[37,131100,83299],{},[37,131102,131103],{},"averages",[37,131105,131106],{},"percentages",[14,131108,131109,131110,26],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[334,131111,3808,131112,2548],{"href":46673},[18,131113,46676],{},[47,131115,17640],{"id":17639},[14,131117,131118,92735],{},[18,131119,126369],{},[14,131121,131122],{},"That means you can:",[34,131124,131125,131128,131131],{},[37,131126,131127],{},"save it in a variable",[37,131129,131130],{},"print it directly",[37,131132,131133],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131135,197],{},[52,131137,131139],{"className":54,"code":131138,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131140,131141,131172,131182],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131142,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131168,131170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131144,90222],{"class":67},[61,131146,72],{"class":71},[61,131148,226],{"class":214},[61,131150,45125],{"class":218},[61,131152,700],{"class":79},[61,131154,90063],{"class":218},[61,131156,215],{"class":214},[61,131158,26],{"class":75},[61,131160,130089],{"class":116},[61,131162,113],{"class":75},[61,131164,215],{"class":214},[61,131166,131167],{"class":218},"Chris",[61,131169,215],{"class":214},[61,131171,120],{"class":75},[61,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131175,127],{"class":126},[61,131177,113],{"class":75},[61,131179,90239],{"class":116},[61,131181,120],{"class":75},[61,131183,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,131185,127],{"class":126},[61,131187,113],{"class":75},[61,131189,648],{"class":109},[61,131191,113],{"class":75},[61,131193,90239],{"class":116},[61,131195,480],{"class":75},[14,131197,131198],{},[23,131199,139],{},[52,131201,131203],{"className":54,"code":131202,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131204,131205,131214],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131206,131207,131209,131211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131208,35088],{"class":67},[61,131210,83],{"class":75},[61,131212,131213],{"class":67}," Chris!\n",[61,131215,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131217,672],{"class":71},[61,131219,676],{"class":675},[61,131221,308],{"class":214},[61,131223,1208],{"class":218},[61,131225,299],{"class":214},[61,131227,685],{"class":71},[14,131229,131230],{},"The original string is not changed.",[47,131232,131234,131236],{"id":131233},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131235,126369],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131238,131239,131241],{},[18,131240,126369],{}," is a string method.",[14,131243,131244],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131246,46264,131247,378],{},[18,131248,126369],{},[52,131250,131252],{"className":54,"code":131251,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131253,131254,131267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131255,131256,131258,131260,131262,131265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131257,8106],{"class":67},[61,131259,72],{"class":71},[61,131261,226],{"class":214},[61,131263,131264],{"class":218},"Rita",[61,131266,1043],{"class":214},[61,131268,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131270,127],{"class":126},[61,131272,113],{"class":75},[61,131274,215],{"class":214},[61,131276,45125],{"class":218},[61,131278,700],{"class":79},[61,131280,90063],{"class":218},[61,131282,215],{"class":214},[61,131284,26],{"class":75},[61,131286,130089],{"class":116},[61,131288,113],{"class":75},[61,131290,7899],{"class":116},[61,131292,480],{"class":75},[14,131294,131295],{},"Example with an f-string:",[52,131297,131299],{"className":54,"code":131298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131300,131301,131313],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131302,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131304,8106],{"class":67},[61,131306,72],{"class":71},[61,131308,226],{"class":214},[61,131310,131264],{"class":218},[61,131312,1043],{"class":214},[61,131314,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131332],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131316,127],{"class":126},[61,131318,113],{"class":75},[61,131320,22514],{"class":675},[61,131322,43570],{"class":218},[61,131324,149],{"class":79},[61,131326,7899],{"class":116},[61,131328,22523],{"class":79},[61,131330,131331],{"class":218},"!\"",[61,131333,120],{"class":75},[14,131335,131336],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131338,131339,131340,131342,131343,26],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131341,126369],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[334,131344,89908],{"href":89907},[47,131346,1741],{"id":1740},[14,131348,131349,131350,26],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131351,126369],{},[819,131353,131355],{"id":131354},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131357,131358],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[52,131360,131362],{"className":54,"code":131361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131363,131364,131397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131365,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131367,1033],{"class":67},[61,131369,72],{"class":71},[61,131371,226],{"class":214},[61,131373,45125],{"class":218},[61,131375,700],{"class":79},[61,131377,131378],{"class":79}," {}",[61,131380,90063],{"class":218},[61,131382,215],{"class":214},[61,131384,26],{"class":75},[61,131386,130089],{"class":116},[61,131388,113],{"class":75},[61,131390,215],{"class":214},[61,131392,7908],{"class":218},[61,131394,215],{"class":214},[61,131396,120],{"class":75},[61,131398,131399,131401,131403,131405],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131400,127],{"class":126},[61,131402,113],{"class":75},[61,131404,1056],{"class":116},[61,131406,120],{"class":75},[14,131408,131409],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131411,131412],{},"Fixed version:",[52,131414,131416],{"className":54,"code":131415,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131417,131418,131459],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131419,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131455,131457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131421,1033],{"class":67},[61,131423,72],{"class":71},[61,131425,226],{"class":214},[61,131427,45125],{"class":218},[61,131429,700],{"class":79},[61,131431,131378],{"class":79},[61,131433,90063],{"class":218},[61,131435,215],{"class":214},[61,131437,26],{"class":75},[61,131439,130089],{"class":116},[61,131441,113],{"class":75},[61,131443,215],{"class":214},[61,131445,7908],{"class":218},[61,131447,215],{"class":214},[61,131449,83],{"class":75},[61,131451,226],{"class":214},[61,131453,131454],{"class":218},"Lee",[61,131456,215],{"class":214},[61,131458,120],{"class":75},[61,131460,131461,131463,131465,131467],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131462,127],{"class":126},[61,131464,113],{"class":75},[61,131466,1056],{"class":116},[61,131468,120],{"class":75},[819,131470,131472],{"id":131471},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131474,131475,131476,26],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131477,126369],{},[14,131479,131480],{},"Problem:",[52,131482,131484],{"className":54,"code":131483,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131485,131486,131520],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131487,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131489,1033],{"class":67},[61,131491,72],{"class":71},[61,131493,226],{"class":214},[61,131495,45125],{"class":218},[61,131497,130706],{"class":79},[61,131499,90063],{"class":218},[61,131501,215],{"class":214},[61,131503,26],{"class":75},[61,131505,130089],{"class":116},[61,131507,113],{"class":75},[61,131509,8215],{"class":9400},[61,131511,72],{"class":71},[61,131513,215],{"class":214},[61,131515,7908],{"class":218},[61,131517,215],{"class":214},[61,131519,120],{"class":75},[61,131521,131522,131524,131526,131528],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131523,127],{"class":126},[61,131525,113],{"class":75},[61,131527,1056],{"class":116},[61,131529,120],{"class":75},[14,131531,131412],{},[52,131533,131535],{"className":54,"code":131534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131536,131537,131571],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131540,1033],{"class":67},[61,131542,72],{"class":71},[61,131544,226],{"class":214},[61,131546,45125],{"class":218},[61,131548,130706],{"class":79},[61,131550,90063],{"class":218},[61,131552,215],{"class":214},[61,131554,26],{"class":75},[61,131556,130089],{"class":116},[61,131558,113],{"class":75},[61,131560,7899],{"class":9400},[61,131562,72],{"class":71},[61,131564,215],{"class":214},[61,131566,7908],{"class":218},[61,131568,215],{"class":214},[61,131570,120],{"class":75},[61,131572,131573,131575,131577,131579],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131574,127],{"class":126},[61,131576,113],{"class":75},[61,131578,1056],{"class":116},[61,131580,120],{"class":75},[819,131582,1864,131584,131586],{"id":131583},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131585,126369],{}," to change the original string",[14,131588,131589,131591],{},[18,131590,126369],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131593,131480],{},[52,131595,131597],{"className":54,"code":131596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131598,131599,131613,131631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131600,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131602,1033],{"class":67},[61,131604,72],{"class":71},[61,131606,226],{"class":214},[61,131608,45125],{"class":218},[61,131610,700],{"class":79},[61,131612,1043],{"class":214},[61,131614,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131616,1056],{"class":67},[61,131618,26],{"class":75},[61,131620,130089],{"class":116},[61,131622,113],{"class":75},[61,131624,215],{"class":214},[61,131626,7908],{"class":218},[61,131628,215],{"class":214},[61,131630,120],{"class":75},[61,131632,131633,131635,131637,131639],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,131634,127],{"class":126},[61,131636,113],{"class":75},[61,131638,1056],{"class":116},[61,131640,120],{"class":75},[14,131642,131643],{},[23,131644,139],{},[52,131646,131648],{"className":54,"code":131647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131649,131650],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131651,131652,131654,131656],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131653,35088],{"class":67},[61,131655,83],{"class":75},[61,131657,733],{"class":75},[14,131659,131412],{},[52,131661,131663],{"className":54,"code":131662,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131664,131665,131679,131701],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131666,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131668,1033],{"class":67},[61,131670,72],{"class":71},[61,131672,226],{"class":214},[61,131674,45125],{"class":218},[61,131676,700],{"class":79},[61,131678,1043],{"class":214},[61,131680,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131682,1033],{"class":67},[61,131684,72],{"class":71},[61,131686,43065],{"class":67},[61,131688,26],{"class":75},[61,131690,130089],{"class":116},[61,131692,113],{"class":75},[61,131694,215],{"class":214},[61,131696,7908],{"class":218},[61,131698,215],{"class":214},[61,131700,120],{"class":75},[61,131702,131703,131705,131707,131709],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,131704,127],{"class":126},[61,131706,113],{"class":75},[61,131708,1056],{"class":116},[61,131710,120],{"class":75},[819,131712,4932,131714,131716],{"id":131713},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131715,126369],{}," returns a new string",[14,131718,131719],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[819,131721,131723],{"id":131722},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131725,131726],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131728,131729,131730,131732],{},"Use simple ",[18,131731,700],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131734,131735,131736,26],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[334,131737,90621],{"href":90620},[47,131739,68112],{"id":68111},[14,131741,131742],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[52,131744,131746],{"className":54,"code":131745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131747,131748,131758,131772,131801],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131749,131750,131752,131754,131756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131751,127],{"class":126},[61,131753,113],{"class":75},[61,131755,1056],{"class":116},[61,131757,120],{"class":75},[61,131759,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131761,127],{"class":126},[61,131763,113],{"class":75},[61,131765,648],{"class":109},[61,131767,113],{"class":75},[61,131769,1783],{"class":116},[61,131771,480],{"class":75},[61,131773,131774,131776,131778,131780,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,131775,127],{"class":126},[61,131777,113],{"class":75},[61,131779,215],{"class":214},[61,131781,131782],{"class":218},"Hello ",[61,131784,700],{"class":79},[61,131786,215],{"class":214},[61,131788,26],{"class":75},[61,131790,130089],{"class":116},[61,131792,113],{"class":75},[61,131794,215],{"class":214},[61,131796,7908],{"class":218},[61,131798,215],{"class":214},[61,131800,480],{"class":75},[61,131802,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,131804,32373],{"class":126},[61,131806,113],{"class":75},[61,131808,1208],{"class":109},[61,131810,26],{"class":75},[61,131812,130089],{"class":24971},[61,131814,120],{"class":75},[14,131816,131817],{},"Use them to check:",[34,131819,131820,131823,131826,131829],{},[37,131821,131822],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[37,131824,131825],{},"what type your value has",[37,131827,131828],{},"whether a small test example works",[37,131830,131831,131832],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131833,131834],{},"str.format",[47,131836,1987],{"id":1986},[819,131838,129870,131840,12939],{"id":131839},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131841,126369],{},[14,131843,131844],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[819,131846,131848],{"id":131847},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131850,131851,131852,131854],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131853,700],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[819,131856,131858,131859,2735],{"id":131857},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131860,126369],{},[14,131862,131863,131864,131867],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131865,131866],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[819,131869,15124,131871,131873],{"id":131870},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131872,126369],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131875,131876,131877,131879],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131878,126369],{}," is still useful and common.",[47,131881,2144],{"id":2143},[34,131883,131884,131888,131892,131898,131904],{},[37,131885,131886],{},[334,131887,125121],{"href":51199},[37,131889,131890],{},[334,131891,90897],{"href":89907},[37,131893,131894],{},[334,131895,3808,131896,3741],{"href":46673},[18,131897,46676],{},[37,131899,131900],{},[334,131901,3808,131902,3741],{"href":42398},[18,131903,47907],{},[37,131905,131906],{},[334,131907,90621],{"href":90620},[2169,131909,131910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":131912},[131913,131914,131916,131917,131918,131919,131920,131921,131923,131932,131933,131942],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":130156,"depth":101,"text":131915},"What the format() method does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":130437,"depth":101,"text":130438},{"id":130699,"depth":101,"text":130700},{"id":130930,"depth":101,"text":130931},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":131233,"depth":101,"text":131922},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":131924},[131925,131926,131927,131929,131931],{"id":131354,"depth":123,"text":131355},{"id":131471,"depth":123,"text":131472},{"id":131583,"depth":123,"text":131928},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131713,"depth":123,"text":131930},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131722,"depth":123,"text":131723},{"id":68111,"depth":101,"text":68112},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":131934},[131935,131937,131938,131940],{"id":131839,"depth":123,"text":131936},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131847,"depth":123,"text":131848},{"id":131857,"depth":123,"text":131939},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131870,"depth":123,"text":131941},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130016,"description":131943},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131950,"title":131951,"body":131952,"description":133432,"extension":2216,"meta":133433,"navigation":271,"path":133434,"seo":133435,"stem":133436,"__hash__":133437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131953,"toc":133404},[131954,131959,131964,131969,131971,132033,132040,132046,132051,132053,132069,132071,132142,132144,132158,132161,132211,132213,132215,132242,132245,132260,132263,132304,132307,132352,132359,132408,132410,132418,132420,132438,132440,132533,132541,132582,132587,132594,132600,132607,132610,132614,132715,132717,132739,132743,132796,132799,132802,132808,132815,132817,132856,132858,132876,132886,132893,132976,132979,132986,132993,133000,133004,133012,133058,133062,133071,133136,133141,133146,133157,133159,133164,133191,133193,133296,133299,133319,133321,133326,133329,133333,133337,133344,133353,133359,133362,133368,133370,133372,133401],[10,131955,123366,131957,11542],{"id":131956},"python-string-index-method",[18,131958,59193],{},[14,131960,123371,131961,131963],{},[18,131962,59193],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131965,131966,131967,26],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131968,40926],{},[47,131970,50],{"id":49},[52,131972,131974],{"className":54,"code":131973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131975,131976,131988,132010,132020,132024,132028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,131977,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,131979,1033],{"class":67},[61,131981,72],{"class":71},[61,131983,226],{"class":214},[61,131985,60631],{"class":218},[61,131987,1043],{"class":214},[61,131989,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,131991,65137],{"class":67},[61,131993,72],{"class":71},[61,131995,43065],{"class":67},[61,131997,26],{"class":75},[61,131999,36067],{"class":116},[61,132001,113],{"class":75},[61,132003,215],{"class":214},[61,132005,60812],{"class":218},[61,132007,215],{"class":214},[61,132009,120],{"class":75},[61,132011,132012,132014,132016,132018],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132013,127],{"class":126},[61,132015,113],{"class":75},[61,132017,65164],{"class":116},[61,132019,120],{"class":75},[61,132021,132022],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132023,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132025,132026],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,132027,91038],{"class":3896},[61,132029,132030],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,132031,132032],{"class":3896},"# 6\n",[14,132034,165,132035,132037,132038,26],{},[18,132036,59193],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,132039,40926],{},[47,132041,3911,132043,3914],{"id":132042},"what-strindex-does",[18,132044,132045],{},"str.index()",[14,132047,132048,132050],{},[18,132049,132045],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132052,13276],{},[34,132054,132055,132058,132061,132064],{},[37,132056,132057],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[37,132059,132060],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[37,132062,132063],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[37,132065,30514,132066,132068],{},[18,132067,40926],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132070,197],{},[52,132072,132074],{"className":54,"code":132073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132075,132076,132088,132092,132117],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132077,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132079,1033],{"class":67},[61,132081,72],{"class":71},[61,132083,226],{"class":214},[61,132085,1040],{"class":218},[61,132087,1043],{"class":214},[61,132089,132090],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132091,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132093,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132095,127],{"class":126},[61,132097,113],{"class":75},[61,132099,1056],{"class":116},[61,132101,26],{"class":75},[61,132103,36067],{"class":116},[61,132105,113],{"class":75},[61,132107,215],{"class":214},[61,132109,334],{"class":218},[61,132111,215],{"class":214},[61,132113,5590],{"class":75},[61,132115,132116],{"class":3896},"     # 1\n",[61,132118,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132120,127],{"class":126},[61,132122,113],{"class":75},[61,132124,1056],{"class":116},[61,132126,26],{"class":75},[61,132128,36067],{"class":116},[61,132130,113],{"class":75},[61,132132,215],{"class":214},[61,132134,123459],{"class":218},[61,132136,215],{"class":214},[61,132138,5590],{"class":75},[61,132140,132141],{"class":3896},"    # 2\n",[14,132143,2427],{},[34,132145,132146,132152],{},[37,132147,132148,128579,132150],{},[18,132149,18315],{},[18,132151,80],{},[37,132153,132154,128579,132156],{},[18,132155,128578],{},[18,132157,2310],{},[14,132159,132160],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[52,132162,132164],{"className":54,"code":132163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132165,132166,132178,132182,132206],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132167,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132169,1033],{"class":67},[61,132171,72],{"class":71},[61,132173,226],{"class":214},[61,132175,35088],{"class":218},[61,132177,1043],{"class":214},[61,132179,132180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132181,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132183,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132185,127],{"class":126},[61,132187,113],{"class":75},[61,132189,1056],{"class":116},[61,132191,26],{"class":75},[61,132193,36067],{"class":116},[61,132195,113],{"class":75},[61,132197,215],{"class":214},[61,132199,51414],{"class":218},[61,132201,215],{"class":214},[61,132203,5590],{"class":75},[61,132205,20988],{"class":3896},[61,132207,132208],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132209,132210],{"class":3896},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[47,132212,341],{"id":340},[14,132214,344],{},[52,132216,132218],{"className":54,"code":132217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132219,132220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132221,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132223,389],{"class":67},[61,132225,26],{"class":75},[61,132227,36067],{"class":116},[61,132229,113],{"class":75},[61,132231,1783],{"class":116},[61,132233,83],{"class":75},[61,132235,36273],{"class":116},[61,132237,83],{"class":75},[61,132239,65258],{"class":116},[61,132241,120],{"class":75},[14,132243,132244],{},"Parameters:",[34,132246,132247,132251,132255],{},[37,132248,132249,123558],{},[18,132250,1783],{},[37,132252,132253,128625],{},[18,132254,36294],{},[37,132256,132257,132259],{},[18,132258,52884],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132261,132262],{},"You can use just the value:",[52,132264,132266],{"className":54,"code":132265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132267,132268,132280],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132271,1033],{"class":67},[61,132273,72],{"class":71},[61,132275,226],{"class":214},[61,132277,56],{"class":218},[61,132279,1043],{"class":214},[61,132281,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132283,127],{"class":126},[61,132285,113],{"class":75},[61,132287,1056],{"class":116},[61,132289,26],{"class":75},[61,132291,36067],{"class":116},[61,132293,113],{"class":75},[61,132295,215],{"class":214},[61,132297,63505],{"class":218},[61,132299,215],{"class":214},[61,132301,5590],{"class":75},[61,132303,51638],{"class":3896},[14,132305,132306],{},"Or include a start position:",[52,132308,132310],{"className":54,"code":132309,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132311,132312,132324],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132313,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132315,1033],{"class":67},[61,132317,72],{"class":71},[61,132319,226],{"class":214},[61,132321,1040],{"class":218},[61,132323,1043],{"class":214},[61,132325,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132327,127],{"class":126},[61,132329,113],{"class":75},[61,132331,1056],{"class":116},[61,132333,26],{"class":75},[61,132335,36067],{"class":116},[61,132337,113],{"class":75},[61,132339,215],{"class":214},[61,132341,334],{"class":218},[61,132343,215],{"class":214},[61,132345,83],{"class":75},[61,132347,86],{"class":79},[61,132349,5590],{"class":75},[61,132351,50994],{"class":3896},[14,132353,132354,132355,4621,132357,378],{},"Or include both ",[18,132356,36294],{},[18,132358,52884],{},[52,132360,132362],{"className":54,"code":132361,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132363,132364,132376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132365,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132367,1033],{"class":67},[61,132369,72],{"class":71},[61,132371,226],{"class":214},[61,132373,1040],{"class":218},[61,132375,1043],{"class":214},[61,132377,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132379,127],{"class":126},[61,132381,113],{"class":75},[61,132383,1056],{"class":116},[61,132385,26],{"class":75},[61,132387,36067],{"class":116},[61,132389,113],{"class":75},[61,132391,215],{"class":214},[61,132393,334],{"class":218},[61,132395,215],{"class":214},[61,132397,83],{"class":75},[61,132399,86],{"class":79},[61,132401,83],{"class":75},[61,132403,950],{"class":79},[61,132405,5590],{"class":75},[61,132407,50994],{"class":3896},[47,132409,38241],{"id":38240},[14,132411,28929,132412,132414,132415,26],{},[18,132413,59193],{}," is a ",[23,132416,132417],{},"zero-based index",[14,132419,2359],{},[34,132421,132422,132428,132433],{},[37,132423,132424,132425,132427],{},"Index ",[18,132426,582],{}," is the first character",[37,132429,132424,132430,132432],{},[18,132431,80],{}," is the second character",[37,132434,132424,132435,132437],{},[18,132436,2310],{}," is the third character",[14,132439,197],{},[52,132441,132443],{"className":54,"code":132442,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132444,132445,132457,132461,132485,132509],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132446,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132448,1033],{"class":67},[61,132450,72],{"class":71},[61,132452,226],{"class":214},[61,132454,37269],{"class":218},[61,132456,1043],{"class":214},[61,132458,132459],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132460,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132462,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132464,127],{"class":126},[61,132466,113],{"class":75},[61,132468,1056],{"class":116},[61,132470,26],{"class":75},[61,132472,36067],{"class":116},[61,132474,113],{"class":75},[61,132476,215],{"class":214},[61,132478,9961],{"class":218},[61,132480,215],{"class":214},[61,132482,5590],{"class":75},[61,132484,51470],{"class":3896},[61,132486,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132488,127],{"class":126},[61,132490,113],{"class":75},[61,132492,1056],{"class":116},[61,132494,26],{"class":75},[61,132496,36067],{"class":116},[61,132498,113],{"class":75},[61,132500,215],{"class":214},[61,132502,334],{"class":218},[61,132504,215],{"class":214},[61,132506,5590],{"class":75},[61,132508,28001],{"class":3896},[61,132510,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,132512,127],{"class":126},[61,132514,113],{"class":75},[61,132516,1056],{"class":116},[61,132518,26],{"class":75},[61,132520,36067],{"class":116},[61,132522,113],{"class":75},[61,132524,215],{"class":214},[61,132526,63505],{"class":218},[61,132528,215],{"class":214},[61,132530,5590],{"class":75},[61,132532,51638],{"class":3896},[14,132534,132535,132537,132538,132540],{},[18,132536,59193],{}," returns only the ",[23,132539,30130],{}," matching position.",[52,132542,132544],{"className":54,"code":132543,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132545,132546,132558],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132547,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132549,1033],{"class":67},[61,132551,72],{"class":71},[61,132553,226],{"class":214},[61,132555,1040],{"class":218},[61,132557,1043],{"class":214},[61,132559,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132561,127],{"class":126},[61,132563,113],{"class":75},[61,132565,1056],{"class":116},[61,132567,26],{"class":75},[61,132569,36067],{"class":116},[61,132571,113],{"class":75},[61,132573,215],{"class":214},[61,132575,334],{"class":218},[61,132577,215],{"class":214},[61,132579,5590],{"class":75},[61,132581,28001],{"class":3896},[14,132583,21198,132584,132586],{},[18,132585,18315],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132588,132589,132590,26],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[334,132591,132592,10961],{"href":124816},[18,132593,58815],{},[47,132595,1750,132596,4621,132598],{"id":65623},[18,132597,36294],{},[18,132599,52884],{},[14,132601,2233,132602,4621,132604,132606],{},[18,132603,36294],{},[18,132605,52884],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132608,132609],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132611,46264,132612,378],{},[18,132613,36294],{},[52,132615,132617],{"className":54,"code":132616,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132618,132619,132631,132635,132659,132687],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132620,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132622,1033],{"class":67},[61,132624,72],{"class":71},[61,132626,226],{"class":214},[61,132628,1040],{"class":218},[61,132630,1043],{"class":214},[61,132632,132633],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132634,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132636,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132638,127],{"class":126},[61,132640,113],{"class":75},[61,132642,1056],{"class":116},[61,132644,26],{"class":75},[61,132646,36067],{"class":116},[61,132648,113],{"class":75},[61,132650,215],{"class":214},[61,132652,334],{"class":218},[61,132654,215],{"class":214},[61,132656,5590],{"class":75},[61,132658,51344],{"class":3896},[61,132660,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132662,127],{"class":126},[61,132664,113],{"class":75},[61,132666,1056],{"class":116},[61,132668,26],{"class":75},[61,132670,36067],{"class":116},[61,132672,113],{"class":75},[61,132674,215],{"class":214},[61,132676,334],{"class":218},[61,132678,215],{"class":214},[61,132680,83],{"class":75},[61,132682,86],{"class":79},[61,132684,5590],{"class":75},[61,132686,51193],{"class":3896},[61,132688,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,132690,127],{"class":126},[61,132692,113],{"class":75},[61,132694,1056],{"class":116},[61,132696,26],{"class":75},[61,132698,36067],{"class":116},[61,132700,113],{"class":75},[61,132702,215],{"class":214},[61,132704,334],{"class":218},[61,132706,215],{"class":214},[61,132708,83],{"class":75},[61,132710,1178],{"class":79},[61,132712,5590],{"class":75},[61,132714,50977],{"class":3896},[14,132716,20177],{},[34,132718,132719,132726,132732],{},[37,132720,132721,132722,65813,132724],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132723,18315],{},[18,132725,80],{},[37,132727,132728,132729,132731],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132730,2310],{}," skips that first match",[37,132733,132728,132734,132736,132737],{},[18,132735,498],{}," finds the last ",[18,132738,18315],{},[14,132740,46264,132741,378],{},[18,132742,52884],{},[52,132744,132746],{"className":54,"code":132745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132747,132748,132760,132764],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132749,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132751,1033],{"class":67},[61,132753,72],{"class":71},[61,132755,226],{"class":214},[61,132757,1040],{"class":218},[61,132759,1043],{"class":214},[61,132761,132762],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132763,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132765,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132767,127],{"class":126},[61,132769,113],{"class":75},[61,132771,1056],{"class":116},[61,132773,26],{"class":75},[61,132775,36067],{"class":116},[61,132777,113],{"class":75},[61,132779,215],{"class":214},[61,132781,1104],{"class":218},[61,132783,215],{"class":214},[61,132785,83],{"class":75},[61,132787,4065],{"class":79},[61,132789,83],{"class":75},[61,132791,1178],{"class":79},[61,132793,5590],{"class":75},[61,132795,51638],{"class":3896},[14,132797,132798],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132800,132801],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[47,132803,44436,132805,132807],{"id":132804},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132806,59193],{}," causes an error",[14,132809,132810,132811,52718,132813,26],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132812,59193],{},[18,132814,40926],{},[14,132816,197],{},[52,132818,132820],{"className":54,"code":132819,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132821,132822,132834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132823,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132825,1033],{"class":67},[61,132827,72],{"class":71},[61,132829,226],{"class":214},[61,132831,475],{"class":218},[61,132833,1043],{"class":214},[61,132835,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132837,127],{"class":126},[61,132839,113],{"class":75},[61,132841,1056],{"class":116},[61,132843,26],{"class":75},[61,132845,36067],{"class":116},[61,132847,113],{"class":75},[61,132849,215],{"class":214},[61,132851,22297],{"class":218},[61,132853,215],{"class":214},[61,132855,480],{"class":75},[14,132857,139],{},[52,132859,132861],{"className":54,"code":132860,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132862,132863],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132864,132865,132867,132869,132872,132874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132866,40926],{"class":109},[61,132868,378],{"class":75},[61,132870,132871],{"class":67}," substring ",[61,132873,704],{"class":71},[61,132875,66046],{"class":67},[14,132877,53565,132878,126332,132883,132885],{},[334,132879,132880],{"href":130010},[18,132881,132882],{},"str.find()",[18,132884,66071],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132887,132888,132889,4621,132891,378],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132890,30025],{},[18,132892,30056],{},[52,132894,132896],{"className":54,"code":132895,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132897,132898,132910,132914,132920,132943,132953,132961],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,132899,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,132901,1033],{"class":67},[61,132903,72],{"class":71},[61,132905,226],{"class":214},[61,132907,475],{"class":218},[61,132909,1043],{"class":214},[61,132911,132912],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,132913,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,132915,132916,132918],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,132917,30025],{"class":1490},[61,132919,6621],{"class":75},[61,132921,132922,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,132923,132924],{"class":67},"    position ",[61,132926,72],{"class":71},[61,132928,43065],{"class":67},[61,132930,26],{"class":75},[61,132932,36067],{"class":116},[61,132934,113],{"class":75},[61,132936,215],{"class":214},[61,132938,22297],{"class":218},[61,132940,215],{"class":214},[61,132942,120],{"class":75},[61,132944,132945,132947,132949,132951],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,132946,8299],{"class":126},[61,132948,113],{"class":75},[61,132950,65164],{"class":116},[61,132952,120],{"class":75},[61,132954,132955,132957,132959],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,132956,30056],{"class":1490},[61,132958,42149],{"class":109},[61,132960,6621],{"class":75},[61,132962,132963,132965,132967,132969,132972,132974],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,132964,8299],{"class":126},[61,132966,113],{"class":75},[61,132968,215],{"class":214},[61,132970,132971],{"class":218},"Substring not found",[61,132973,215],{"class":214},[61,132975,120],{"class":75},[14,132977,132978],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132980,42169,132981,26],{},[334,132982,25900,132984],{"href":132983},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132985,129337],{},[47,132987,132989,10806,132991],{"id":132988},"index-vs-find",[18,132990,59193],{},[18,132992,124361],{},[14,132994,132995,4621,132997,132999],{},[18,132996,59193],{},[18,132998,124361],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[819,133001,133002],{"id":36067},[18,133003,59193],{},[34,133005,133006,133009],{},[37,133007,133008],{},"Returns the first match position",[37,133010,133011],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[52,133013,133015],{"className":54,"code":133014,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,133016,133017,133029,133053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133018,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133020,1033],{"class":67},[61,133022,72],{"class":71},[61,133024,226],{"class":214},[61,133026,475],{"class":218},[61,133028,1043],{"class":214},[61,133030,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133032,127],{"class":126},[61,133034,113],{"class":75},[61,133036,1056],{"class":116},[61,133038,26],{"class":75},[61,133040,36067],{"class":116},[61,133042,113],{"class":75},[61,133044,215],{"class":214},[61,133046,553],{"class":218},[61,133048,215],{"class":214},[61,133050,5590],{"class":75},[61,133052,28001],{"class":3896},[61,133054,133055],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133056,133057],{"class":3896},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[819,133059,133060],{"id":128391},[18,133061,124361],{},[34,133063,133064,133066],{},[37,133065,133008],{},[37,133067,11644,133068,133070],{},[18,133069,66071],{}," if nothing is found",[52,133072,133074],{"className":54,"code":133073,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133075,133076,133088,133112],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133077,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133079,1033],{"class":67},[61,133081,72],{"class":71},[61,133083,226],{"class":214},[61,133085,475],{"class":218},[61,133087,1043],{"class":214},[61,133089,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133091,127],{"class":126},[61,133093,113],{"class":75},[61,133095,1056],{"class":116},[61,133097,26],{"class":75},[61,133099,128391],{"class":116},[61,133101,113],{"class":75},[61,133103,215],{"class":214},[61,133105,553],{"class":218},[61,133107,215],{"class":214},[61,133109,5590],{"class":75},[61,133111,28001],{"class":3896},[61,133113,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133115,127],{"class":126},[61,133117,113],{"class":75},[61,133119,1056],{"class":116},[61,133121,26],{"class":75},[61,133123,128391],{"class":116},[61,133125,113],{"class":75},[61,133127,215],{"class":214},[61,133129,22297],{"class":218},[61,133131,215],{"class":214},[61,133133,5590],{"class":75},[61,133135,128747],{"class":3896},[14,133137,165,133138,133140],{},[18,133139,59193],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133142,165,133143,133145],{},[18,133144,124361],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133147,133148,133149,1881,133154,26],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[334,133150,133151,133153],{"href":130010},[18,133152,132882],{}," method reference",[334,133155,127402],{"href":133156},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[47,133158,1741],{"id":1740},[14,133160,133161,133162,378],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133163,59193],{},[34,133165,133166,133169,133176,133181,133186],{},[37,133167,133168],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[37,133170,1864,133171,8685,133173,133175],{},[18,133172,59193],{},[18,133174,66071],{}," when no match exists",[37,133177,1750,133178,133180],{},[18,133179,59193],{}," on a value that may not be present",[37,133182,133183,133184],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133185,80],{},[37,133187,4808,133188,133190],{},[18,133189,59193],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133192,62513],{},[52,133194,133196],{"className":54,"code":133195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133197,133198,133208,133222,133244,133266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133199,133200,133202,133204,133206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133201,127],{"class":126},[61,133203,113],{"class":75},[61,133205,1056],{"class":116},[61,133207,120],{"class":75},[61,133209,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133211,127],{"class":126},[61,133213,113],{"class":75},[61,133215,42002],{"class":126},[61,133217,113],{"class":75},[61,133219,1056],{"class":116},[61,133221,480],{"class":75},[61,133223,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133225,127],{"class":126},[61,133227,113],{"class":75},[61,133229,1056],{"class":116},[61,133231,26],{"class":75},[61,133233,36067],{"class":116},[61,133235,113],{"class":75},[61,133237,215],{"class":214},[61,133239,1783],{"class":218},[61,133241,215],{"class":214},[61,133243,480],{"class":75},[61,133245,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,133247,127],{"class":126},[61,133249,113],{"class":75},[61,133251,1056],{"class":116},[61,133253,26],{"class":75},[61,133255,128391],{"class":116},[61,133257,113],{"class":75},[61,133259,215],{"class":214},[61,133261,1783],{"class":218},[61,133263,215],{"class":214},[61,133265,480],{"class":75},[61,133267,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,133269,127],{"class":126},[61,133271,113],{"class":75},[61,133273,1056],{"class":116},[61,133275,26],{"class":75},[61,133277,36067],{"class":116},[61,133279,113],{"class":75},[61,133281,215],{"class":214},[61,133283,1783],{"class":218},[61,133285,215],{"class":214},[61,133287,83],{"class":75},[61,133289,36273],{"class":116},[61,133291,83],{"class":75},[61,133293,65258],{"class":116},[61,133295,480],{"class":75},[14,133297,133298],{},"Tips:",[34,133300,133301,133306,133311,133314],{},[37,133302,165,133303,133305],{},[18,133304,126288],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[37,133307,165,133308,133310],{},[18,133309,124361],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[37,133312,133313],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[37,133315,133316,133317],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133318,582],{},[47,133320,1987],{"id":1986},[819,133322,129870,133324,12939],{"id":133323},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133325,59193],{},[14,133327,133328],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[819,133330,133332],{"id":133331},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133334,1331,133335,26],{},[18,133336,40926],{},[819,133338,5408,133340,4621,133342,2735],{"id":133339},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133341,59193],{},[18,133343,124361],{},[14,133345,133346,133348,133349,2642,133351,6860],{},[18,133347,59193],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133350,124361],{},[18,133352,66071],{},[819,133354,5398,133356,133358],{"id":133355},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133357,59193],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133360,133361],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[819,133363,133365,133366,124702],{"id":133364},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133367,59193],{},[14,133369,129895],{},[47,133371,2144],{"id":2143},[34,133373,133374,133380,133384,133389,133395],{},[37,133375,133376],{},[334,133377,133378,10961],{"href":130010},[18,133379,132882],{},[37,133381,133382],{},[334,133383,124765],{"href":133156},[37,133385,133386],{},[334,133387,129971],{"href":133388},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[37,133390,133391],{},[334,133392,133393,10961],{"href":124816},[18,133394,58815],{},[37,133396,133397],{},[334,133398,30568,133399],{"href":132983},[18,133400,129337],{},[2169,133402,133403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132988,"depth":101,"text":133415,"children":133416},"index() vs find()",[133417,133418],{"id":36067,"depth":123,"text":59193},{"id":128391,"depth":123,"text":124361},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":133421},[133422,133424,133425,133427,133429],{"id":133323,"depth":123,"text":133423},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133331,"depth":123,"text":133332},{"id":133339,"depth":123,"text":133426},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133355,"depth":123,"text":133428},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133364,"depth":123,"text":133430},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131951,"description":133432},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133439,"title":133440,"body":133441,"description":136216,"extension":2216,"meta":136217,"navigation":271,"path":136218,"seo":136219,"stem":136220,"__hash__":136221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133442,"toc":136152},[133443,133449,133454,133457,133460,133471,133473,133542,133544,133558,133563,133568,133573,133575,133618,133620,133703,133705,133751,133757,133759,133761,133781,133783,133806,133808,133882,133884,133903,133908,133910,133914,133986,133988,134002,134006,134082,134084,134103,134107,134201,134203,134212,134219,134295,134297,134315,134319,134322,134329,134378,134380,134389,134396,134455,134457,134475,134478,134485,134544,134546,134564,134571,134628,134630,134639,134643,134648,134652,134711,134713,134731,134735,134782,134787,134790,134859,134861,134878,134885,134891,134946,134951,134954,135031,135033,135051,135057,135063,135123,135125,135144,135150,135153,135160,135213,135218,135220,135281,135290,135297,135299,135356,135361,135363,135434,135438,135493,135495,135504,135509,135515,135584,135586,135618,135624,135632,135639,135645,135710,135712,135721,135727,135808,135810,135819,135824,135838,135845,135849,135854,135882,135884,136017,136020,136057,136059,136065,136074,136079,136082,136087,136092,136098,136101,136110,136113,136115,136144,136149],[10,133444,123366,133446,11542],{"id":133445},"python-string-join-method",[18,133447,133448],{},"join()",[14,133450,123371,133451,133453],{},[18,133452,133448],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133455,133456],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133458,133459],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[34,133461,133462,133468],{},[37,133463,133464,133465,133467],{},"You call ",[18,133466,133448],{}," on the separator string",[37,133469,133470],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[47,133472,3842],{"id":3841},[52,133474,133476],{"className":54,"code":133475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133477,133478,133511,133532],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133479,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133507,133509],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133481,4298],{"class":67},[61,133483,72],{"class":71},[61,133485,76],{"class":75},[61,133487,215],{"class":214},[61,133489,7527],{"class":218},[61,133491,215],{"class":214},[61,133493,83],{"class":75},[61,133495,226],{"class":214},[61,133497,12416],{"class":218},[61,133499,215],{"class":214},[61,133501,83],{"class":75},[61,133503,226],{"class":214},[61,133505,133506],{"class":218},"fun",[61,133508,215],{"class":214},[61,133510,98],{"class":75},[61,133512,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133526,133528,133530],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133514,869],{"class":67},[61,133516,72],{"class":71},[61,133518,226],{"class":214},[61,133520,226],{"class":214},[61,133522,26],{"class":75},[61,133524,133525],{"class":116},"join",[61,133527,113],{"class":75},[61,133529,4340],{"class":116},[61,133531,120],{"class":75},[61,133533,133534,133536,133538,133540],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133535,127],{"class":126},[61,133537,113],{"class":75},[61,133539,892],{"class":116},[61,133541,120],{"class":75},[14,133543,139],{},[52,133545,133547],{"className":54,"code":133546,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is fun\n",[18,133548,133549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133550,133551,133553,133555],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133552,3808],{"class":67},[61,133554,12416],{"class":71},[61,133556,133557],{"class":67}," fun\n",[14,133559,165,133560,133562],{},[18,133561,133448],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[47,133564,3911,133566,3914],{"id":133565},"what-join-does",[18,133567,133448],{},[14,133569,133570,133572],{},[18,133571,133448],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133574,11679],{},[34,133576,133577,133584,133612,133615],{},[37,133578,133579,133580,133583],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133581,133582],{},".join()"," as the separator",[37,133585,133586,133587],{},"Common separators are:\n",[34,133588,133589,133595,133601,133607],{},[37,133590,133591,133594],{},[18,133592,133593],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[37,133596,133597,133600],{},[18,133598,133599],{},"\", \""," for commas",[37,133602,133603,133606],{},[18,133604,133605],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[37,133608,133609,133611],{},[18,133610,6500],{}," for no separator",[37,133613,133614],{},"It returns a new string",[37,133616,133617],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133619,197],{},[52,133621,133623],{"className":54,"code":133622,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133624,133625,133657,133679,133683,133693],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133626,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133628,4298],{"class":67},[61,133630,72],{"class":71},[61,133632,76],{"class":75},[61,133634,215],{"class":214},[61,133636,219],{"class":218},[61,133638,215],{"class":214},[61,133640,83],{"class":75},[61,133642,226],{"class":214},[61,133644,246],{"class":218},[61,133646,215],{"class":214},[61,133648,83],{"class":75},[61,133650,226],{"class":214},[61,133652,229],{"class":218},[61,133654,215],{"class":214},[61,133656,98],{"class":75},[61,133658,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133660,869],{"class":67},[61,133662,72],{"class":71},[61,133664,226],{"class":214},[61,133666,2437],{"class":218},[61,133668,215],{"class":214},[61,133670,26],{"class":75},[61,133672,133525],{"class":116},[61,133674,113],{"class":75},[61,133676,4340],{"class":116},[61,133678,120],{"class":75},[61,133680,133681],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133682,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,133684,133685,133687,133689,133691],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,133686,127],{"class":126},[61,133688,113],{"class":75},[61,133690,892],{"class":116},[61,133692,120],{"class":75},[61,133694,133695,133697,133699,133701],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,133696,127],{"class":126},[61,133698,113],{"class":75},[61,133700,4340],{"class":116},[61,133702,120],{"class":75},[14,133704,139],{},[52,133706,133708],{"className":54,"code":133707,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133709,133710,133723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133711,133712,133714,133716,133719,133721],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133713,219],{"class":67},[61,133715,83],{"class":75},[61,133717,133718],{"class":67}," green",[61,133720,83],{"class":75},[61,133722,36102],{"class":67},[61,133724,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133726,4129],{"class":75},[61,133728,299],{"class":214},[61,133730,219],{"class":218},[61,133732,299],{"class":214},[61,133734,83],{"class":75},[61,133736,308],{"class":214},[61,133738,246],{"class":218},[61,133740,299],{"class":214},[61,133742,83],{"class":75},[61,133744,308],{"class":214},[61,133746,229],{"class":218},[61,133748,299],{"class":214},[61,133750,98],{"class":75},[14,133752,133753,133754,133756],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133755,133448],{}," creates a new string.",[47,133758,341],{"id":340},[14,133760,7448],{},[52,133762,133764],{"className":54,"code":133763,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133765,133766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133767,133768,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133769,133770],{"class":67},"separator",[61,133772,26],{"class":75},[61,133774,133525],{"class":116},[61,133776,113],{"class":75},[61,133778,359],{"class":116},[61,133780,120],{"class":75},[819,133782,49233],{"id":49232},[34,133784,133785,133798,133803],{},[37,133786,133787,133789,133790,2437,133792,2437,133794,2440,133796],{},[18,133788,133770],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133791,133593],{},[18,133793,133599],{},[18,133795,133605],{},[18,133797,6500],{},[37,133799,133800,133802],{},[18,133801,359],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[37,133804,133805],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133807,197],{},[52,133809,133811],{"className":54,"code":133810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133812,133813,133845,133868,133872],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133814,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133816,5223],{"class":67},[61,133818,72],{"class":71},[61,133820,76],{"class":75},[61,133822,215],{"class":214},[61,133824,13104],{"class":218},[61,133826,215],{"class":214},[61,133828,83],{"class":75},[61,133830,226],{"class":214},[61,133832,36162],{"class":218},[61,133834,215],{"class":214},[61,133836,83],{"class":75},[61,133838,226],{"class":214},[61,133840,36171],{"class":218},[61,133842,215],{"class":214},[61,133844,98],{"class":75},[61,133846,133847,133849,133851,133853,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133848,869],{"class":67},[61,133850,72],{"class":71},[61,133852,226],{"class":214},[61,133854,133855],{"class":218}," | ",[61,133857,215],{"class":214},[61,133859,26],{"class":75},[61,133861,133525],{"class":116},[61,133863,113],{"class":75},[61,133865,5267],{"class":116},[61,133867,120],{"class":75},[61,133869,133870],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133871,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,133873,133874,133876,133878,133880],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,133875,127],{"class":126},[61,133877,113],{"class":75},[61,133879,892],{"class":116},[61,133881,120],{"class":75},[14,133883,139],{},[52,133885,133887],{"className":54,"code":133886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133888,133889],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133890,133891,133894,133896,133899,133901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133892,133893],{"class":67},"Ana ",[61,133895,113873],{"class":71},[61,133897,133898],{"class":67}," Ben ",[61,133900,113873],{"class":71},[61,133902,36243],{"class":67},[14,133904,133905,133906,26],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[334,133907,125121],{"href":51199},[47,133909,121897],{"id":121896},[819,133911,133913],{"id":133912},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[52,133915,133917],{"className":54,"code":133916,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133918,133919,133952,133972,133976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133920,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133948,133950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133922,4298],{"class":67},[61,133924,72],{"class":71},[61,133926,76],{"class":75},[61,133928,215],{"class":214},[61,133930,7527],{"class":218},[61,133932,215],{"class":214},[61,133934,83],{"class":75},[61,133936,226],{"class":214},[61,133938,12416],{"class":218},[61,133940,215],{"class":214},[61,133942,83],{"class":75},[61,133944,226],{"class":214},[61,133946,133947],{"class":218},"easy",[61,133949,215],{"class":214},[61,133951,98],{"class":75},[61,133953,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,133955,869],{"class":67},[61,133957,72],{"class":71},[61,133959,226],{"class":214},[61,133961,226],{"class":214},[61,133963,26],{"class":75},[61,133965,133525],{"class":116},[61,133967,113],{"class":75},[61,133969,4340],{"class":116},[61,133971,120],{"class":75},[61,133973,133974],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,133975,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,133977,133978,133980,133982,133984],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,133979,127],{"class":126},[61,133981,113],{"class":75},[61,133983,892],{"class":116},[61,133985,120],{"class":75},[14,133987,139],{},[52,133989,133991],{"className":54,"code":133990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python is easy\n",[18,133992,133993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,133994,133995,133997,133999],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,133996,3808],{"class":67},[61,133998,12416],{"class":71},[61,134000,134001],{"class":67}," easy\n",[819,134003,134005],{"id":134004},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[52,134007,134009],{"className":54,"code":134008,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134010,134011,134046,134068,134072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134012,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134024,134026,134028,134030,134033,134035,134037,134039,134042,134044],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134014,1230],{"class":67},[61,134016,72],{"class":71},[61,134018,76],{"class":75},[61,134020,215],{"class":214},[61,134022,134023],{"class":218},"apples",[61,134025,215],{"class":214},[61,134027,83],{"class":75},[61,134029,226],{"class":214},[61,134031,134032],{"class":218},"bananas",[61,134034,215],{"class":214},[61,134036,83],{"class":75},[61,134038,226],{"class":214},[61,134040,134041],{"class":218},"oranges",[61,134043,215],{"class":214},[61,134045,98],{"class":75},[61,134047,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134049,869],{"class":67},[61,134051,72],{"class":71},[61,134053,226],{"class":214},[61,134055,2437],{"class":218},[61,134057,215],{"class":214},[61,134059,26],{"class":75},[61,134061,133525],{"class":116},[61,134063,113],{"class":75},[61,134065,1267],{"class":116},[61,134067,120],{"class":75},[61,134069,134070],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,134071,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,134073,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,134075,127],{"class":126},[61,134077,113],{"class":75},[61,134079,892],{"class":116},[61,134081,120],{"class":75},[14,134083,139],{},[52,134085,134087],{"className":54,"code":134086,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134088,134089],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134090,134091,134093,134095,134098,134100],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134092,134023],{"class":67},[61,134094,83],{"class":75},[61,134096,134097],{"class":67}," bananas",[61,134099,83],{"class":75},[61,134101,134102],{"class":67}," oranges\n",[819,134104,134106],{"id":134105},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[52,134108,134110],{"className":54,"code":134109,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134111,134112,134169,134187,134191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134113,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134115,36312],{"class":67},[61,134117,72],{"class":71},[61,134119,76],{"class":75},[61,134121,215],{"class":214},[61,134123,134124],{"class":218},"P",[61,134126,215],{"class":214},[61,134128,83],{"class":75},[61,134130,226],{"class":214},[61,134132,11967],{"class":218},[61,134134,215],{"class":214},[61,134136,83],{"class":75},[61,134138,226],{"class":214},[61,134140,63505],{"class":218},[61,134142,215],{"class":214},[61,134144,83],{"class":75},[61,134146,226],{"class":214},[61,134148,544],{"class":218},[61,134150,215],{"class":214},[61,134152,83],{"class":75},[61,134154,226],{"class":214},[61,134156,571],{"class":218},[61,134158,215],{"class":214},[61,134160,83],{"class":75},[61,134162,226],{"class":214},[61,134164,1104],{"class":218},[61,134166,215],{"class":214},[61,134168,98],{"class":75},[61,134170,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134172,869],{"class":67},[61,134174,72],{"class":71},[61,134176,6354],{"class":214},[61,134178,26],{"class":75},[61,134180,133525],{"class":116},[61,134182,113],{"class":75},[61,134184,36365],{"class":116},[61,134186,120],{"class":75},[61,134188,134189],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,134190,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,134192,134193,134195,134197,134199],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,134194,127],{"class":126},[61,134196,113],{"class":75},[61,134198,892],{"class":116},[61,134200,120],{"class":75},[14,134202,139],{},[52,134204,134206],{"className":54,"code":134205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python\n",[18,134207,134208],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134209,134210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134211,134205],{"class":67},[819,134213,134215,134216,134218],{"id":134214},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134217,133448],{}," returns the result",[52,134220,134222],{"className":54,"code":134221,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134223,134224,134257,134280,134284],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134225,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134253,134255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134227,4298],{"class":67},[61,134229,72],{"class":71},[61,134231,76],{"class":75},[61,134233,215],{"class":214},[61,134235,6814],{"class":218},[61,134237,215],{"class":214},[61,134239,83],{"class":75},[61,134241,226],{"class":214},[61,134243,79486],{"class":218},[61,134245,215],{"class":214},[61,134247,83],{"class":75},[61,134249,226],{"class":214},[61,134251,134252],{"class":218},"three",[61,134254,215],{"class":214},[61,134256,98],{"class":75},[61,134258,134259,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134260,134261],{"class":67},"joined_text ",[61,134263,72],{"class":71},[61,134265,226],{"class":214},[61,134267,2275],{"class":218},[61,134269,215],{"class":214},[61,134271,26],{"class":75},[61,134273,133525],{"class":116},[61,134275,113],{"class":75},[61,134277,4340],{"class":116},[61,134279,120],{"class":75},[61,134281,134282],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,134283,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,134285,134286,134288,134290,134293],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,134287,127],{"class":126},[61,134289,113],{"class":75},[61,134291,134292],{"class":116},"joined_text",[61,134294,120],{"class":75},[14,134296,139],{},[52,134298,134300],{"className":54,"code":134299,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one-two-three\n",[18,134301,134302],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134303,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134305,6814],{"class":67},[61,134307,2275],{"class":71},[61,134309,79486],{"class":67},[61,134311,2275],{"class":71},[61,134313,134314],{"class":67},"three\n",[47,134316,134318],{"id":134317},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134320,134321],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[819,134323,134325,134328],{"id":134324},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134326,134327],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[52,134330,134332],{"className":54,"code":134331,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134333,134334,134358],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134335,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134337,4298],{"class":67},[61,134339,72],{"class":71},[61,134341,76],{"class":75},[61,134343,215],{"class":214},[61,134345,475],{"class":218},[61,134347,215],{"class":214},[61,134349,83],{"class":75},[61,134351,226],{"class":214},[61,134353,60812],{"class":218},[61,134355,215],{"class":214},[61,134357,98],{"class":75},[61,134359,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134361,127],{"class":126},[61,134363,113],{"class":75},[61,134365,215],{"class":214},[61,134367,226],{"class":214},[61,134369,26],{"class":75},[61,134371,133525],{"class":116},[61,134373,113],{"class":75},[61,134375,4340],{"class":116},[61,134377,480],{"class":75},[14,134379,139],{},[52,134381,134383],{"className":54,"code":134382,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n",[18,134384,134385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134386,134387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134388,134382],{"class":67},[819,134390,134392,134395],{"id":134391},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134393,134394],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[52,134397,134399],{"className":54,"code":134398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134400,134401,134433],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134402,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134404,207],{"class":67},[61,134406,72],{"class":71},[61,134408,76],{"class":75},[61,134410,215],{"class":214},[61,134412,219],{"class":218},[61,134414,215],{"class":214},[61,134416,83],{"class":75},[61,134418,226],{"class":214},[61,134420,229],{"class":218},[61,134422,215],{"class":214},[61,134424,83],{"class":75},[61,134426,226],{"class":214},[61,134428,246],{"class":218},[61,134430,215],{"class":214},[61,134432,98],{"class":75},[61,134434,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134436,127],{"class":126},[61,134438,113],{"class":75},[61,134440,215],{"class":214},[61,134442,2437],{"class":218},[61,134444,215],{"class":214},[61,134446,26],{"class":75},[61,134448,133525],{"class":116},[61,134450,113],{"class":75},[61,134452,264],{"class":116},[61,134454,480],{"class":75},[14,134456,139],{},[52,134458,134460],{"className":54,"code":134459,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134461,134462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134463,134464,134466,134468,134471,134473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134465,219],{"class":67},[61,134467,83],{"class":75},[61,134469,134470],{"class":67}," blue",[61,134472,83],{"class":75},[61,134474,36095],{"class":67},[14,134476,134477],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[819,134479,134481,134484],{"id":134480},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134482,134483],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[52,134486,134488],{"className":54,"code":134487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134489,134490,134522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134491,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134493,43060],{"class":67},[61,134495,72],{"class":71},[61,134497,76],{"class":75},[61,134499,215],{"class":214},[61,134501,56],{"class":218},[61,134503,215],{"class":214},[61,134505,83],{"class":75},[61,134507,226],{"class":214},[61,134509,389],{"class":218},[61,134511,215],{"class":214},[61,134513,83],{"class":75},[61,134515,226],{"class":214},[61,134517,133525],{"class":218},[61,134519,215],{"class":214},[61,134521,98],{"class":75},[61,134523,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134525,127],{"class":126},[61,134527,113],{"class":75},[61,134529,215],{"class":214},[61,134531,2275],{"class":218},[61,134533,215],{"class":214},[61,134535,26],{"class":75},[61,134537,133525],{"class":116},[61,134539,113],{"class":75},[61,134541,43092],{"class":116},[61,134543,480],{"class":75},[14,134545,139],{},[52,134547,134549],{"className":54,"code":134548,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"python-string-join\n",[18,134550,134551],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134554,56],{"class":67},[61,134556,2275],{"class":71},[61,134558,389],{"class":67},[61,134560,2275],{"class":71},[61,134562,134563],{"class":67},"join\n",[819,134565,134567,134570],{"id":134566},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134568,134569],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[52,134572,134574],{"className":54,"code":134573,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134575,134576,134609],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134577,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134605,134607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134579,112945],{"class":67},[61,134581,72],{"class":71},[61,134583,76],{"class":75},[61,134585,215],{"class":214},[61,134587,22465],{"class":218},[61,134589,215],{"class":214},[61,134591,83],{"class":75},[61,134593,226],{"class":214},[61,134595,30820],{"class":218},[61,134597,215],{"class":214},[61,134599,83],{"class":75},[61,134601,226],{"class":214},[61,134603,134604],{"class":218},"C",[61,134606,215],{"class":214},[61,134608,98],{"class":75},[61,134610,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134626],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134612,127],{"class":126},[61,134614,113],{"class":75},[61,134616,6500],{"class":214},[61,134618,26],{"class":75},[61,134620,133525],{"class":116},[61,134622,113],{"class":75},[61,134624,134625],{"class":116},"chars",[61,134627,480],{"class":75},[14,134629,139],{},[52,134631,134633],{"className":54,"code":134632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ABC\n",[18,134634,134635],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134636,134637],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134638,134632],{"class":34675},[47,134640,134642],{"id":134641},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134644,134645,134647],{},[18,134646,133448],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[819,134649,134651],{"id":134650},"this-works","This works",[52,134653,134655],{"className":54,"code":134654,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134656,134657,134689],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134660,937],{"class":67},[61,134662,72],{"class":71},[61,134664,76],{"class":75},[61,134666,215],{"class":214},[61,134668,447],{"class":218},[61,134670,215],{"class":214},[61,134672,83],{"class":75},[61,134674,226],{"class":214},[61,134676,15974],{"class":218},[61,134678,215],{"class":214},[61,134680,83],{"class":75},[61,134682,226],{"class":214},[61,134684,37063],{"class":218},[61,134686,215],{"class":214},[61,134688,98],{"class":75},[61,134690,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134692,127],{"class":126},[61,134694,113],{"class":75},[61,134696,215],{"class":214},[61,134698,2437],{"class":218},[61,134700,215],{"class":214},[61,134702,26],{"class":75},[61,134704,133525],{"class":116},[61,134706,113],{"class":75},[61,134708,974],{"class":116},[61,134710,480],{"class":75},[14,134712,139],{},[52,134714,134716],{"className":54,"code":134715,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134717,134718],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134719,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134721,447],{"class":79},[61,134723,83],{"class":75},[61,134725,452],{"class":79},[61,134727,83],{"class":75},[61,134729,134730],{"class":79}," 30\n",[819,134732,134734],{"id":134733},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[52,134736,134738],{"className":54,"code":134737,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134739,134740,134760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134741,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134743,937],{"class":67},[61,134745,72],{"class":71},[61,134747,76],{"class":75},[61,134749,80],{"class":79},[61,134751,83],{"class":75},[61,134753,86],{"class":79},[61,134755,83],{"class":75},[61,134757,95],{"class":79},[61,134759,98],{"class":75},[61,134761,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134763,127],{"class":126},[61,134765,113],{"class":75},[61,134767,215],{"class":214},[61,134769,2437],{"class":218},[61,134771,215],{"class":214},[61,134773,26],{"class":75},[61,134775,133525],{"class":116},[61,134777,113],{"class":75},[61,134779,974],{"class":116},[61,134781,480],{"class":75},[14,134783,90526,134784,134786],{},[18,134785,1334],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134788,134789],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[52,134791,134793],{"className":54,"code":134792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134794,134795,134815,134845,134849],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134796,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134798,937],{"class":67},[61,134800,72],{"class":71},[61,134802,76],{"class":75},[61,134804,80],{"class":79},[61,134806,83],{"class":75},[61,134808,86],{"class":79},[61,134810,83],{"class":75},[61,134812,95],{"class":79},[61,134814,98],{"class":75},[61,134816,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134818,869],{"class":67},[61,134820,72],{"class":71},[61,134822,226],{"class":214},[61,134824,2437],{"class":218},[61,134826,215],{"class":214},[61,134828,26],{"class":75},[61,134830,133525],{"class":116},[61,134832,113],{"class":75},[61,134834,40081],{"class":126},[61,134836,113],{"class":75},[61,134838,1208],{"class":109},[61,134840,83],{"class":75},[61,134842,4115],{"class":116},[61,134844,480],{"class":75},[61,134846,134847],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,134848,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,134850,134851,134853,134855,134857],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,134852,127],{"class":126},[61,134854,113],{"class":75},[61,134856,892],{"class":116},[61,134858,120],{"class":75},[14,134860,139],{},[52,134862,134864],{"className":54,"code":134863,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134865,134866],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134867,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134869,80],{"class":79},[61,134871,83],{"class":75},[61,134873,86],{"class":79},[61,134875,83],{"class":75},[61,134877,2819],{"class":79},[14,134879,134880,134881,26],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[334,134882,3808,134883,3741],{"href":42398},[18,134884,47907],{},[819,134886,134888,134890],{"id":134887},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134889,4012],{}," values do not work directly",[52,134892,134894],{"className":54,"code":134893,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134895,134896,134924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134897,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134899,937],{"class":67},[61,134901,72],{"class":71},[61,134903,76],{"class":75},[61,134905,215],{"class":214},[61,134907,2042],{"class":218},[61,134909,215],{"class":214},[61,134911,83],{"class":75},[61,134913,4083],{"class":1523},[61,134915,83],{"class":75},[61,134917,226],{"class":214},[61,134919,1040],{"class":218},[61,134921,215],{"class":214},[61,134923,98],{"class":75},[61,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134927,127],{"class":126},[61,134929,113],{"class":75},[61,134931,215],{"class":214},[61,134933,2437],{"class":218},[61,134935,215],{"class":214},[61,134937,26],{"class":75},[61,134939,133525],{"class":116},[61,134941,113],{"class":75},[61,134943,974],{"class":116},[61,134945,480],{"class":75},[14,134947,134948,134949,26],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134950,1334],{},[14,134952,134953],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[52,134955,134957],{"className":54,"code":134956,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134958,134959,134987,135017,135021],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,134960,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,134962,937],{"class":67},[61,134964,72],{"class":71},[61,134966,76],{"class":75},[61,134968,215],{"class":214},[61,134970,2042],{"class":218},[61,134972,215],{"class":214},[61,134974,83],{"class":75},[61,134976,4083],{"class":1523},[61,134978,83],{"class":75},[61,134980,226],{"class":214},[61,134982,1040],{"class":218},[61,134984,215],{"class":214},[61,134986,98],{"class":75},[61,134988,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,134990,869],{"class":67},[61,134992,72],{"class":71},[61,134994,226],{"class":214},[61,134996,2437],{"class":218},[61,134998,215],{"class":214},[61,135000,26],{"class":75},[61,135002,133525],{"class":116},[61,135004,113],{"class":75},[61,135006,40081],{"class":126},[61,135008,113],{"class":75},[61,135010,1208],{"class":109},[61,135012,83],{"class":75},[61,135014,4115],{"class":116},[61,135016,480],{"class":75},[61,135018,135019],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135020,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,135022,135023,135025,135027,135029],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135024,127],{"class":126},[61,135026,113],{"class":75},[61,135028,892],{"class":116},[61,135030,120],{"class":75},[14,135032,139],{},[52,135034,135036],{"className":54,"code":135035,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,135037,135038],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135041,2042],{"class":67},[61,135043,83],{"class":75},[61,135045,4083],{"class":1523},[61,135047,83],{"class":75},[61,135049,135050],{"class":67}," banana\n",[14,135052,135053,135054,135056],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,135055,4012],{}," values instead of converting them.",[819,135058,135060,135062],{"id":135059},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,135061,133448],{}," also works with tuples",[52,135064,135066],{"className":54,"code":135065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135067,135068,135100],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135069,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135071,5223],{"class":67},[61,135073,72],{"class":71},[61,135075,942],{"class":75},[61,135077,215],{"class":214},[61,135079,7908],{"class":218},[61,135081,215],{"class":214},[61,135083,83],{"class":75},[61,135085,226],{"class":214},[61,135087,131454],{"class":218},[61,135089,215],{"class":214},[61,135091,83],{"class":75},[61,135093,226],{"class":214},[61,135095,8151],{"class":218},[61,135097,215],{"class":214},[61,135099,120],{"class":75},[61,135101,135102,135104,135106,135108,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135103,127],{"class":126},[61,135105,113],{"class":75},[61,135107,215],{"class":214},[61,135109,135110],{"class":218}," \u002F ",[61,135112,215],{"class":214},[61,135114,26],{"class":75},[61,135116,133525],{"class":116},[61,135118,113],{"class":75},[61,135120,5267],{"class":116},[61,135122,480],{"class":75},[14,135124,139],{},[52,135126,135128],{"className":54,"code":135127,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135129,135130],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135131,135132,135135,135137,135140,135142],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135133,135134],{"class":67},"Sam ",[61,135136,127258],{"class":71},[61,135138,135139],{"class":67}," Lee ",[61,135141,127258],{"class":71},[61,135143,22554],{"class":67},[47,135145,135147,135148],{"id":135146},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135149,133448],{},[14,135151,135152],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[819,135154,135156,135157,135159],{"id":135155},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135158,1334],{}," because not all items are strings",[52,135161,135163],{"className":54,"code":135162,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135164,135165,135193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135166,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135168,1230],{"class":67},[61,135170,72],{"class":71},[61,135172,76],{"class":75},[61,135174,215],{"class":214},[61,135176,334],{"class":218},[61,135178,215],{"class":214},[61,135180,83],{"class":75},[61,135182,86],{"class":79},[61,135184,83],{"class":75},[61,135186,226],{"class":214},[61,135188,9961],{"class":218},[61,135190,215],{"class":214},[61,135192,98],{"class":75},[61,135194,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135196,127],{"class":126},[61,135198,113],{"class":75},[61,135200,215],{"class":214},[61,135202,226],{"class":214},[61,135204,26],{"class":75},[61,135206,133525],{"class":116},[61,135208,113],{"class":75},[61,135210,1267],{"class":116},[61,135212,480],{"class":75},[14,135214,48734,135215,135217],{},[18,135216,2310],{}," is an integer.",[14,135219,39483],{},[52,135221,135223],{"className":54,"code":135222,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135224,135225,135253],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135226,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135228,1230],{"class":67},[61,135230,72],{"class":71},[61,135232,76],{"class":75},[61,135234,215],{"class":214},[61,135236,334],{"class":218},[61,135238,215],{"class":214},[61,135240,83],{"class":75},[61,135242,86],{"class":79},[61,135244,83],{"class":75},[61,135246,226],{"class":214},[61,135248,9961],{"class":218},[61,135250,215],{"class":214},[61,135252,98],{"class":75},[61,135254,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135256,127],{"class":126},[61,135258,113],{"class":75},[61,135260,215],{"class":214},[61,135262,226],{"class":214},[61,135264,26],{"class":75},[61,135266,133525],{"class":116},[61,135268,113],{"class":75},[61,135270,40081],{"class":126},[61,135272,113],{"class":75},[61,135274,1208],{"class":109},[61,135276,83],{"class":75},[61,135278,6194],{"class":116},[61,135280,460],{"class":75},[14,135282,135283,135284,26],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[334,135285,25900,135287],{"href":135286},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135288,135289],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[819,135291,135293,135294,135296],{"id":135292},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135295,133448],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135298,4754],{},[52,135300,135302],{"className":54,"code":135301,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135303,135304,135336],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135305,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135307,4298],{"class":67},[61,135309,72],{"class":71},[61,135311,76],{"class":75},[61,135313,215],{"class":214},[61,135315,7527],{"class":218},[61,135317,215],{"class":214},[61,135319,83],{"class":75},[61,135321,226],{"class":214},[61,135323,12416],{"class":218},[61,135325,215],{"class":214},[61,135327,83],{"class":75},[61,135329,226],{"class":214},[61,135331,133506],{"class":218},[61,135333,215],{"class":214},[61,135335,98],{"class":75},[61,135337,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135339,869],{"class":67},[61,135341,72],{"class":71},[61,135343,6396],{"class":67},[61,135345,26],{"class":75},[61,135347,133525],{"class":116},[61,135349,113],{"class":75},[61,135351,215],{"class":214},[61,135353,226],{"class":214},[61,135355,120],{"class":75},[14,135357,135358,135360],{},[18,135359,133448],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135362,11028],{},[52,135364,135366],{"className":54,"code":135365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135367,135368,135400,135420,135424],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135369,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135371,4298],{"class":67},[61,135373,72],{"class":71},[61,135375,76],{"class":75},[61,135377,215],{"class":214},[61,135379,7527],{"class":218},[61,135381,215],{"class":214},[61,135383,83],{"class":75},[61,135385,226],{"class":214},[61,135387,12416],{"class":218},[61,135389,215],{"class":214},[61,135391,83],{"class":75},[61,135393,226],{"class":214},[61,135395,133506],{"class":218},[61,135397,215],{"class":214},[61,135399,98],{"class":75},[61,135401,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135403,869],{"class":67},[61,135405,72],{"class":71},[61,135407,226],{"class":214},[61,135409,226],{"class":214},[61,135411,26],{"class":75},[61,135413,133525],{"class":116},[61,135415,113],{"class":75},[61,135417,4340],{"class":116},[61,135419,120],{"class":75},[61,135421,135422],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135423,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,135425,135426,135428,135430,135432],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135427,127],{"class":126},[61,135429,113],{"class":75},[61,135431,892],{"class":116},[61,135433,120],{"class":75},[819,135435,135437],{"id":135436},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[52,135439,135441],{"className":54,"code":135440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135442,135443,135475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135444,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135446,4298],{"class":67},[61,135448,72],{"class":71},[61,135450,76],{"class":75},[61,135452,215],{"class":214},[61,135454,6814],{"class":218},[61,135456,215],{"class":214},[61,135458,83],{"class":75},[61,135460,226],{"class":214},[61,135462,79486],{"class":218},[61,135464,215],{"class":214},[61,135466,83],{"class":75},[61,135468,226],{"class":214},[61,135470,134252],{"class":218},[61,135472,215],{"class":214},[61,135474,98],{"class":75},[61,135476,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135478,127],{"class":126},[61,135480,113],{"class":75},[61,135482,6500],{"class":214},[61,135484,26],{"class":75},[61,135486,133525],{"class":116},[61,135488,113],{"class":75},[61,135490,4340],{"class":116},[61,135492,480],{"class":75},[14,135494,139],{},[52,135496,135498],{"className":54,"code":135497,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"onetwothree\n",[18,135499,135500],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135501,135502],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135503,135497],{"class":67},[14,135505,135506,135507,6860],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135508,133593],{},[819,135510,135512,135513,131716],{"id":135511},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135514,133448],{},[52,135516,135518],{"className":54,"code":135517,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135519,135520,135552,135570,135574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135521,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135523,4298],{"class":67},[61,135525,72],{"class":71},[61,135527,76],{"class":75},[61,135529,215],{"class":214},[61,135531,334],{"class":218},[61,135533,215],{"class":214},[61,135535,83],{"class":75},[61,135537,226],{"class":214},[61,135539,765],{"class":218},[61,135541,215],{"class":214},[61,135543,83],{"class":75},[61,135545,226],{"class":214},[61,135547,9961],{"class":218},[61,135549,215],{"class":214},[61,135551,98],{"class":75},[61,135553,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135555,215],{"class":43552},[61,135557,2275],{"class":43556},[61,135559,215],{"class":43552},[61,135561,26],{"class":75},[61,135563,133525],{"class":116},[61,135565,113],{"class":75},[61,135567,4340],{"class":116},[61,135569,120],{"class":75},[61,135571,135572],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135573,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,135575,135576,135578,135580,135582],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135577,127],{"class":126},[61,135579,113],{"class":75},[61,135581,4340],{"class":116},[61,135583,120],{"class":75},[14,135585,139],{},[52,135587,135588],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,135589,135590],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135591,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135593,4129],{"class":75},[61,135595,299],{"class":214},[61,135597,334],{"class":218},[61,135599,299],{"class":214},[61,135601,83],{"class":75},[61,135603,308],{"class":214},[61,135605,765],{"class":218},[61,135607,299],{"class":214},[61,135609,83],{"class":75},[61,135611,308],{"class":214},[61,135613,9961],{"class":218},[61,135615,299],{"class":214},[61,135617,98],{"class":75},[14,135619,135620,135621,135623],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135622,133448],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[47,135625,135627,135629,135630],{"id":135626},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135628,133448],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135631,2313],{},[14,135633,10811,135634,4621,135636,135638],{},[18,135635,133448],{},[18,135637,2313],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[819,135640,165,135642,135644],{"id":135641},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135643,2313],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[52,135646,135648],{"className":54,"code":135647,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135649,135650,135663,135676,135696,135700],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135651,135652,135655,135657,135659,135661],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135653,135654],{"class":67},"first ",[61,135656,72],{"class":71},[61,135658,226],{"class":214},[61,135660,35088],{"class":218},[61,135662,1043],{"class":214},[61,135664,135665,135668,135670,135672,135674],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135666,135667],{"class":67},"second ",[61,135669,72],{"class":71},[61,135671,226],{"class":214},[61,135673,89955],{"class":218},[61,135675,1043],{"class":214},[61,135677,135678,135680,135682,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135679,869],{"class":67},[61,135681,72],{"class":71},[61,135683,135684],{"class":67}," first ",[61,135686,2313],{"class":71},[61,135688,226],{"class":214},[61,135690,226],{"class":214},[61,135692,2698],{"class":71},[61,135694,135695],{"class":67}," second\n",[61,135697,135698],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135699,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,135701,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,135703,127],{"class":126},[61,135705,113],{"class":75},[61,135707,892],{"class":116},[61,135709,120],{"class":75},[14,135711,139],{},[52,135713,135715],{"className":54,"code":135714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Hello World\n",[18,135716,135717],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135718,135719],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135720,135714],{"class":67},[819,135722,165,135724,135726],{"id":135723},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135725,133448],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[52,135728,135730],{"className":54,"code":135729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135731,135732,135774,135794,135798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135733,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135753,135755,135757,135759,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135735,4298],{"class":67},[61,135737,72],{"class":71},[61,135739,76],{"class":75},[61,135741,215],{"class":214},[61,135743,7527],{"class":218},[61,135745,215],{"class":214},[61,135747,83],{"class":75},[61,135749,226],{"class":214},[61,135751,135752],{"class":218},"makes",[61,135754,215],{"class":214},[61,135756,83],{"class":75},[61,135758,226],{"class":214},[61,135760,135761],{"class":218},"this",[61,135763,215],{"class":214},[61,135765,83],{"class":75},[61,135767,226],{"class":214},[61,135769,133947],{"class":218},[61,135771,215],{"class":214},[61,135773,98],{"class":75},[61,135775,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135777,869],{"class":67},[61,135779,72],{"class":71},[61,135781,226],{"class":214},[61,135783,226],{"class":214},[61,135785,26],{"class":75},[61,135787,133525],{"class":116},[61,135789,113],{"class":75},[61,135791,4340],{"class":116},[61,135793,120],{"class":75},[61,135795,135796],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135797,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,135799,135800,135802,135804,135806],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135801,127],{"class":126},[61,135803,113],{"class":75},[61,135805,892],{"class":116},[61,135807,120],{"class":75},[14,135809,139],{},[52,135811,135813],{"className":54,"code":135812,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135814,135815],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135816,135817],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135818,135812],{"class":67},[14,135820,135821,135823],{},[18,135822,133448],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[34,135825,135826,135829,135832],{},[37,135827,135828],{},"You already have a list of strings",[37,135830,135831],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[37,135833,135834,135835,135837],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135836,2313],{}," operators",[14,135839,135840,135841,26],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[334,135842,135844],{"href":135843},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[47,135846,135848],{"id":135847},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135850,9101,135851,135853],{},[18,135852,133448],{}," is not working, check these first:",[34,135855,135856,135859,135864,135873,135879],{},[37,135857,135858],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[37,135860,135861,135862],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135863,4012],{},[37,135865,135866,135867,11313,135870],{},"You may have written ",[18,135868,135869],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135871,135872],{},"string.join(...)",[37,135874,135875,135876,135878],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135877,133448],{}," to change the original iterable",[37,135880,135881],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135883,94594],{},[52,135885,135887],{"className":54,"code":135886,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135888,135889,135903,135913,135937,135977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,135890,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,135892,127],{"class":126},[61,135894,113],{"class":75},[61,135896,648],{"class":109},[61,135898,113],{"class":75},[61,135900,1267],{"class":116},[61,135902,480],{"class":75},[61,135904,135905,135907,135909,135911],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,135906,127],{"class":126},[61,135908,113],{"class":75},[61,135910,1267],{"class":116},[61,135912,120],{"class":75},[61,135914,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,135916,127],{"class":126},[61,135918,416],{"class":75},[61,135920,648],{"class":109},[61,135922,113],{"class":75},[61,135924,23531],{"class":116},[61,135926,3893],{"class":75},[61,135928,4107],{"class":1490},[61,135930,6189],{"class":116},[61,135932,1433],{"class":1490},[61,135934,6194],{"class":116},[61,135936,1474],{"class":75},[61,135938,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951,135953,135955,135957,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,135940,127],{"class":126},[61,135942,113],{"class":75},[61,135944,299],{"class":214},[61,135946,308],{"class":214},[61,135948,26],{"class":75},[61,135950,133525],{"class":116},[61,135952,416],{"class":75},[61,135954,299],{"class":214},[61,135956,334],{"class":218},[61,135958,299],{"class":214},[61,135960,83],{"class":75},[61,135962,308],{"class":214},[61,135964,765],{"class":218},[61,135966,299],{"class":214},[61,135968,83],{"class":75},[61,135970,308],{"class":214},[61,135972,9961],{"class":218},[61,135974,299],{"class":214},[61,135976,433],{"class":75},[61,135978,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,135980,127],{"class":126},[61,135982,113],{"class":75},[61,135984,299],{"class":214},[61,135986,2437],{"class":218},[61,135988,299],{"class":214},[61,135990,26],{"class":75},[61,135992,133525],{"class":116},[61,135994,113],{"class":75},[61,135996,40081],{"class":126},[61,135998,113],{"class":75},[61,136000,1208],{"class":109},[61,136002,83],{"class":75},[61,136004,76],{"class":75},[61,136006,80],{"class":79},[61,136008,83],{"class":75},[61,136010,86],{"class":79},[61,136012,83],{"class":75},[61,136014,95],{"class":79},[61,136016,37486],{"class":75},[14,136018,136019],{},"What these checks do:",[34,136021,136022,136030,136036,136042,136051],{},[37,136023,136024,136027,136028,8326],{},[18,136025,136026],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,136029,1267],{},[37,136031,136032,136035],{},[18,136033,136034],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[37,136037,136038,136041],{},[18,136039,136040],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[37,136043,136044,136047,136048,136050],{},[18,136045,136046],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,136049,133448],{}," behavior",[37,136052,136053,136056],{},[18,136054,136055],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[47,136058,1987],{"id":1986},[819,136060,12927,136062,136064],{"id":136061},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,136063,133448],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136066,136067,136068,136070,136071,26],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136069,133448],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136072,136073],{},"map(str, values)",[819,136075,12927,136077,57388],{"id":136076},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136078,133448],{},[14,136080,136081],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[819,136083,28550,136085,62853],{"id":136084},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136086,133448],{},[14,136088,42375,136089,136091],{},[18,136090,133448],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[819,136093,5371,136095,40182],{"id":136094},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136096,136097],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136099,136100],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[819,136102,136104,136105,136107,136108,2735],{"id":136103},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136106,1334],{}," when using ",[18,136109,133448],{},[14,136111,136112],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[47,136114,2144],{"id":2143},[34,136116,136117,136122,136128,136134,136140],{},[37,136118,136119],{},[334,136120,136121],{"href":135843},"How to join strings in Python",[37,136123,136124],{},[334,136125,126366,136126,10961],{"href":129053},[18,136127,60752],{},[37,136129,136130],{},[334,136131,3808,136132,3741],{"href":42398},[18,136133,47907],{},[37,136135,136136],{},[334,136137,30568,136138],{"href":135286},[18,136139,135289],{},[37,136141,136142],{},[334,136143,125121],{"href":51199},[14,136145,97558,136146,136148],{},[18,136147,133448],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2169,136150,136151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":136153},[136154,136155,136157,136160,136167,136177,136185,136195,136202,136203,136215],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":133565,"depth":101,"text":136156},"What join() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":136158},[136159],{"id":49232,"depth":123,"text":49233},{"id":121896,"depth":101,"text":121897,"children":136161},[136162,136163,136164,136165],{"id":133912,"depth":123,"text":133913},{"id":134004,"depth":123,"text":134005},{"id":134105,"depth":123,"text":134106},{"id":134214,"depth":123,"text":136166},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134317,"depth":101,"text":134318,"children":136168},[136169,136171,136173,136175],{"id":134324,"depth":123,"text":136170},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134391,"depth":123,"text":136172},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134480,"depth":123,"text":136174},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134566,"depth":123,"text":136176},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134641,"depth":101,"text":134642,"children":136178},[136179,136180,136181,136183],{"id":134650,"depth":123,"text":134651},{"id":134733,"depth":123,"text":134734},{"id":134887,"depth":123,"text":136182},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135059,"depth":123,"text":136184},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135146,"depth":101,"text":136186,"children":136187},"Common errors with join()",[136188,136190,136192,136193],{"id":135155,"depth":123,"text":136189},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135292,"depth":123,"text":136191},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135436,"depth":123,"text":135437},{"id":135511,"depth":123,"text":136194},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135626,"depth":101,"text":136196,"children":136197},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136198,136200],{"id":135641,"depth":123,"text":136199},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135723,"depth":123,"text":136201},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135847,"depth":101,"text":135848},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":136204},[136205,136207,136209,136211,136213],{"id":136061,"depth":123,"text":136206},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136076,"depth":123,"text":136208},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136084,"depth":123,"text":136210},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136094,"depth":123,"text":136212},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136103,"depth":123,"text":136214},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133440,"description":136216},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136223,"title":136224,"body":136225,"description":137793,"extension":2216,"meta":137794,"navigation":271,"path":137795,"seo":137796,"stem":137797,"__hash__":137798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136226,"toc":137760},[136227,136232,136237,136239,136253,136298,136305,136310,136315,136317,136333,136342,136344,136346,136361,136363,136373,136375,136437,136439,136442,136503,136505,136521,136523,136536,136539,136586,136588,136594,136597,136600,136660,136668,136754,136758,136763,136765,136779,136782,136867,136870,136928,136939,136994,136996,137003,137009,137015,137059,137062,137109,137111,137113,137120,137122,137153,137156,137158,137189,137193,137196,137198,137238,137240,137283,137289,137294,137296,137323,137328,137331,137380,137384,137387,137462,137473,137476,137533,137540,137546,137554,137559,137566,137573,137591,137593,137647,137655,137657,137662,137665,137671,137677,137682,137685,137691,137697,137704,137712,137714,137757],[10,136228,123366,136230,11542],{"id":136229},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136231,124096],{},[14,136233,123371,136234,136236],{},[18,136235,124096],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136238,24308],{},[34,136240,136241,136244,136247,136250],{},[37,136242,136243],{},"convert text to lowercase",[37,136245,136246],{},"compare text without case differences",[37,136248,136249],{},"clean up user input",[37,136251,136252],{},"make simple text matching easier",[52,136254,136256],{"className":54,"code":136255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136257,136258,136271,136285],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136259,136260,136262,136264,136266,136269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136261,1033],{"class":67},[61,136263,72],{"class":71},[61,136265,226],{"class":214},[61,136267,136268],{"class":218},"Hello WORLD",[61,136270,1043],{"class":214},[61,136272,136273,136275,136277,136279,136281,136283],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136274,869],{"class":67},[61,136276,72],{"class":71},[61,136278,43065],{"class":67},[61,136280,26],{"class":75},[61,136282,8870],{"class":116},[61,136284,628],{"class":75},[61,136286,136287,136289,136291,136293,136295],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136288,127],{"class":126},[61,136290,113],{"class":75},[61,136292,892],{"class":116},[61,136294,3893],{"class":75},[61,136296,136297],{"class":3896},"  # hello world\n",[14,136299,136300,89178,136302,136304],{},[23,136301,84036],{},[18,136303,124096],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[47,136306,3911,136308,3914],{"id":136307},"what-lower-does",[18,136309,124096],{},[14,136311,136312,136314],{},[18,136313,124096],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136316,13276],{},[34,136318,136319,136324,136327,136330],{},[37,136320,136321,136323],{},[18,136322,124096],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[37,136325,136326],{},"It works on string objects",[37,136328,136329],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[37,136331,136332],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136334,125118,136335,136339,136340,26],{},[334,136336,136338],{"href":136337},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[334,136341,51200],{"href":51199},[47,136343,341],{"id":340},[14,136345,344],{},[52,136347,136349],{"className":54,"code":136348,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.lower()\n",[18,136350,136351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136352,136353,136355,136357,136359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136354,389],{"class":67},[61,136356,26],{"class":75},[61,136358,8870],{"class":116},[61,136360,628],{"class":75},[14,136362,43874],{},[34,136364,136365,136367,136370],{},[37,136366,97736],{},[37,136368,136369],{},"You call it directly on a string",[37,136371,136372],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136374,197],{},[52,136376,136378],{"className":54,"code":136377,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136379,136380,136403,136407,136420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136381,136382,136384,136386,136388,136391,136393,136395,136397,136400],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136383,127],{"class":126},[61,136385,113],{"class":75},[61,136387,215],{"class":214},[61,136389,136390],{"class":218},"HELLO",[61,136392,215],{"class":214},[61,136394,26],{"class":75},[61,136396,8870],{"class":116},[61,136398,136399],{"class":75},"())",[61,136401,136402],{"class":3896},"  # hello\n",[61,136404,136405],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136406,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136408,136409,136411,136413,136415,136418],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136410,8106],{"class":67},[61,136412,72],{"class":71},[61,136414,226],{"class":214},[61,136416,136417],{"class":218},"PyThOn",[61,136419,1043],{"class":214},[61,136421,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136423,127],{"class":126},[61,136425,113],{"class":75},[61,136427,7899],{"class":116},[61,136429,26],{"class":75},[61,136431,8870],{"class":116},[61,136433,136399],{"class":75},[61,136435,136436],{"class":3896},"  # python\n",[47,136438,11696],{"id":11695},[14,136440,136441],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[52,136443,136445],{"className":54,"code":136444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136446,136447,136459,136463,136478,136482,136493],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136448,136449,136451,136453,136455,136457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136450,1033],{"class":67},[61,136452,72],{"class":71},[61,136454,226],{"class":214},[61,136456,136268],{"class":218},[61,136458,1043],{"class":214},[61,136460,136461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136462,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136464,136465,136468,136470,136472,136474,136476],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136466,136467],{"class":67},"lower_text ",[61,136469,72],{"class":71},[61,136471,43065],{"class":67},[61,136473,26],{"class":75},[61,136475,8870],{"class":116},[61,136477,628],{"class":75},[61,136479,136480],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136481,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136483,136484,136486,136488,136491],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,136485,127],{"class":126},[61,136487,113],{"class":75},[61,136489,136490],{"class":116},"lower_text",[61,136492,120],{"class":75},[61,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,136496,127],{"class":126},[61,136498,113],{"class":75},[61,136500,1056],{"class":116},[61,136502,120],{"class":75},[14,136504,139],{},[52,136506,136508],{"className":54,"code":136507,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136509,136510,136514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136511,136512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136513,134382],{"class":67},[61,136515,136516,136518],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136517,131782],{"class":67},[61,136519,136520],{"class":34675},"WORLD\n",[14,136522,24828],{},[34,136524,136525,136530],{},[37,136526,136527,136529],{},[18,136528,124096],{}," returns the lowercase result",[37,136531,136532,136533,136535],{},"the original ",[18,136534,1056],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136537,136538],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[52,136540,136542],{"className":54,"code":136541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136543,136544,136556,136570,136574],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136545,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136547,1033],{"class":67},[61,136549,72],{"class":71},[61,136551,226],{"class":214},[61,136553,136268],{"class":218},[61,136555,1043],{"class":214},[61,136557,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566,136568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136559,1033],{"class":67},[61,136561,72],{"class":71},[61,136563,43065],{"class":67},[61,136565,26],{"class":75},[61,136567,8870],{"class":116},[61,136569,628],{"class":75},[61,136571,136572],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136573,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136577,127],{"class":126},[61,136579,113],{"class":75},[61,136581,1056],{"class":116},[61,136583,3893],{"class":75},[61,136585,136297],{"class":3896},[47,136587,17640],{"id":17639},[14,136589,136590,22195,136592,26],{},[18,136591,124096],{},[23,136593,389],{},[14,136595,136596],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136598,136599],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[52,136601,136603],{"className":54,"code":136602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136604,136605,136619,136623,136646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136606,136607,136610,136612,136614,136617],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136608,136609],{"class":67},"answer ",[61,136611,72],{"class":71},[61,136613,226],{"class":214},[61,136615,136616],{"class":218},"YES",[61,136618,1043],{"class":214},[61,136620,136621],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136622,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136624,136625,136627,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136626,7227],{"class":1490},[61,136628,136629],{"class":67}," answer",[61,136631,26],{"class":75},[61,136633,8870],{"class":116},[61,136635,7596],{"class":75},[61,136637,6636],{"class":71},[61,136639,226],{"class":214},[61,136641,8887],{"class":218},[61,136643,215],{"class":214},[61,136645,6621],{"class":75},[61,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136649,8299],{"class":126},[61,136651,113],{"class":75},[61,136653,215],{"class":214},[61,136655,97046],{"class":218},[61,136657,215],{"class":214},[61,136659,120],{"class":75},[14,136661,136662,136663,378],{},"This is especially useful with ",[334,136664,136665,136666,2548],{"href":8449},"the ",[18,136667,3197],{},[52,136669,136671],{"className":54,"code":136670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136672,136673,136692,136696,136718,136733,136739],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136674,136675,136677,136679,136681,136683,136685,136688,136690],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136676,136609],{"class":67},[61,136678,72],{"class":71},[61,136680,8472],{"class":126},[61,136682,113],{"class":75},[61,136684,215],{"class":214},[61,136686,136687],{"class":218},"Type yes or no: ",[61,136689,215],{"class":214},[61,136691,120],{"class":75},[61,136693,136694],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136695,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136697,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136699,7227],{"class":1490},[61,136701,136629],{"class":67},[61,136703,26],{"class":75},[61,136705,8870],{"class":116},[61,136707,7596],{"class":75},[61,136709,6636],{"class":71},[61,136711,226],{"class":214},[61,136713,8887],{"class":218},[61,136715,215],{"class":214},[61,136717,6621],{"class":75},[61,136719,136720,136722,136724,136726,136729,136731],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136721,8299],{"class":126},[61,136723,113],{"class":75},[61,136725,215],{"class":214},[61,136727,136728],{"class":218},"You typed yes",[61,136730,215],{"class":214},[61,136732,120],{"class":75},[61,136734,136735,136737],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,136736,27655],{"class":1490},[61,136738,6621],{"class":75},[61,136740,136741,136743,136745,136747,136750,136752],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,136742,8299],{"class":126},[61,136744,113],{"class":75},[61,136746,215],{"class":214},[61,136748,136749],{"class":218},"You typed something else",[61,136751,215],{"class":214},[61,136753,120],{"class":75},[47,136755,136757],{"id":136756},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136759,136760,136762],{},[18,136761,124096],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136764,7573],{},[34,136766,136767,136770,136773,136776],{},[37,136768,136769],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[37,136771,136772],{},"Make text matching easier",[37,136774,136775],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[37,136777,136778],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136780,136781],{},"Example: checking user input",[52,136783,136785],{"className":54,"code":136784,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136786,136787,136805,136809,136831,136846,136852],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799,136801,136803],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136790,45182],{"class":67},[61,136792,72],{"class":71},[61,136794,8472],{"class":126},[61,136796,113],{"class":75},[61,136798,215],{"class":214},[61,136800,45193],{"class":218},[61,136802,215],{"class":214},[61,136804,120],{"class":75},[61,136806,136807],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136808,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136810,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827,136829],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136812,7227],{"class":1490},[61,136814,36072],{"class":67},[61,136816,26],{"class":75},[61,136818,8870],{"class":116},[61,136820,7596],{"class":75},[61,136822,6636],{"class":71},[61,136824,226],{"class":214},[61,136826,229],{"class":218},[61,136828,215],{"class":214},[61,136830,6621],{"class":75},[61,136832,136833,136835,136837,136839,136842,136844],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136834,8299],{"class":126},[61,136836,113],{"class":75},[61,136838,215],{"class":214},[61,136840,136841],{"class":218},"Nice choice!",[61,136843,215],{"class":214},[61,136845,120],{"class":75},[61,136847,136848,136850],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,136849,27655],{"class":1490},[61,136851,6621],{"class":75},[61,136853,136854,136856,136858,136860,136863,136865],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,136855,8299],{"class":126},[61,136857,113],{"class":75},[61,136859,215],{"class":214},[61,136861,136862],{"class":218},"Got it.",[61,136864,215],{"class":214},[61,136866,120],{"class":75},[14,136868,136869],{},"Example: simple search",[52,136871,136873],{"className":54,"code":136872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136874,136875,136888,136892,136913],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136876,136877,136879,136881,136883,136886],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136878,90222],{"class":67},[61,136880,72],{"class":71},[61,136882,226],{"class":214},[61,136884,136885],{"class":218},"Python Is Fun",[61,136887,1043],{"class":214},[61,136889,136890],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136891,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136893,136894,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904,136907,136909,136911],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136895,7227],{"class":1490},[61,136897,226],{"class":214},[61,136899,56],{"class":218},[61,136901,215],{"class":214},[61,136903,1491],{"class":71},[61,136905,136906],{"class":67}," message",[61,136908,26],{"class":75},[61,136910,8870],{"class":116},[61,136912,21815],{"class":75},[61,136914,136915,136917,136919,136921,136924,136926],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136916,8299],{"class":126},[61,136918,113],{"class":75},[61,136920,215],{"class":214},[61,136922,136923],{"class":218},"Found it",[61,136925,215],{"class":214},[61,136927,120],{"class":75},[14,136929,136930,136931,136933,136934,378],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136932,124096],{}," is often used with ",[334,136935,136937],{"href":136936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136938,41876],{},[52,136940,136942],{"className":54,"code":136941,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136943,136944,136957,136976,136980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,136945,136946,136948,136950,136952,136955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,136947,8106],{"class":67},[61,136949,72],{"class":71},[61,136951,226],{"class":214},[61,136953,136954],{"class":218},"  ALICE  ",[61,136956,1043],{"class":214},[61,136958,136959,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972,136974],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,136960,136961],{"class":67},"clean_name ",[61,136963,72],{"class":71},[61,136965,36213],{"class":67},[61,136967,26],{"class":75},[61,136969,8864],{"class":116},[61,136971,8867],{"class":75},[61,136973,8870],{"class":116},[61,136975,628],{"class":75},[61,136977,136978],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,136979,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,136981,136982,136984,136986,136989,136991],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,136983,127],{"class":126},[61,136985,113],{"class":75},[61,136987,136988],{"class":116},"clean_name",[61,136990,3893],{"class":75},[61,136992,136993],{"class":3896},"  # alice\n",[47,136995,15818],{"id":15817},[14,136997,136998,136999,137002],{},"Strings are ",[23,137000,137001],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137004,137005,137006,137008],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,137007,124096],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137010,137011,137012,137014],{},"So this does ",[23,137013,704],{}," update the original variable:",[52,137016,137018],{"className":54,"code":137017,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,137019,137020,137032,137042,137046],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137021,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137023,1033],{"class":67},[61,137025,72],{"class":71},[61,137027,226],{"class":214},[61,137029,136390],{"class":218},[61,137031,1043],{"class":214},[61,137033,137034,137036,137038,137040],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137035,1056],{"class":67},[61,137037,26],{"class":75},[61,137039,8870],{"class":116},[61,137041,628],{"class":75},[61,137043,137044],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137045,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137047,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137049,127],{"class":126},[61,137051,113],{"class":75},[61,137053,1056],{"class":116},[61,137055,3893],{"class":75},[61,137057,137058],{"class":3896},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137060,137061],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[52,137063,137065],{"className":54,"code":137064,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137066,137067,137079,137093,137097],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137068,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137070,1033],{"class":67},[61,137072,72],{"class":71},[61,137074,226],{"class":214},[61,137076,136390],{"class":218},[61,137078,1043],{"class":214},[61,137080,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137082,1033],{"class":67},[61,137084,72],{"class":71},[61,137086,43065],{"class":67},[61,137088,26],{"class":75},[61,137090,8870],{"class":116},[61,137092,628],{"class":75},[61,137094,137095],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137096,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137098,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137100,127],{"class":126},[61,137102,113],{"class":75},[61,137104,1056],{"class":116},[61,137106,3893],{"class":75},[61,137108,136402],{"class":3896},[47,137110,1741],{"id":1740},[819,137112,25908],{"id":25907},[14,137114,137115,137116,11313,137118,26],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137117,8870],{},[18,137119,124096],{},[14,137121,16864],{},[52,137123,137125],{"className":54,"code":137124,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137126,137127,137139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137130,1033],{"class":67},[61,137132,72],{"class":71},[61,137134,226],{"class":214},[61,137136,136390],{"class":218},[61,137138,1043],{"class":214},[61,137140,137141,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137142,127],{"class":126},[61,137144,113],{"class":75},[61,137146,1056],{"class":116},[61,137148,26],{"class":75},[61,137150,8870],{"class":24971},[61,137152,120],{"class":75},[14,137154,137155],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137157,16876],{},[52,137159,137161],{"className":54,"code":137160,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137162,137163,137175],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137166,1033],{"class":67},[61,137168,72],{"class":71},[61,137170,226],{"class":214},[61,137172,136390],{"class":218},[61,137174,1043],{"class":214},[61,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137185,137187],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137178,127],{"class":126},[61,137180,113],{"class":75},[61,137182,1056],{"class":116},[61,137184,26],{"class":75},[61,137186,8870],{"class":116},[61,137188,7424],{"class":75},[819,137190,137192],{"id":137191},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137194,137195],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137197,16864],{},[52,137199,137201],{"className":54,"code":137200,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137202,137203,137215,137225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137204,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137206,1033],{"class":67},[61,137208,72],{"class":71},[61,137210,226],{"class":214},[61,137212,136390],{"class":218},[61,137214,1043],{"class":214},[61,137216,137217,137219,137221,137223],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137218,1056],{"class":67},[61,137220,26],{"class":75},[61,137222,8870],{"class":116},[61,137224,628],{"class":75},[61,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137228,127],{"class":126},[61,137230,113],{"class":75},[61,137232,1056],{"class":116},[61,137234,3893],{"class":75},[61,137236,137237],{"class":3896},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137239,16876],{},[52,137241,137243],{"className":54,"code":137242,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137244,137245,137257,137271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137248,1033],{"class":67},[61,137250,72],{"class":71},[61,137252,226],{"class":214},[61,137254,136390],{"class":218},[61,137256,1043],{"class":214},[61,137258,137259,137261,137263,137265,137267,137269],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137260,1033],{"class":67},[61,137262,72],{"class":71},[61,137264,43065],{"class":67},[61,137266,26],{"class":75},[61,137268,8870],{"class":116},[61,137270,628],{"class":75},[61,137272,137273,137275,137277,137279,137281],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137274,127],{"class":126},[61,137276,113],{"class":75},[61,137278,1056],{"class":116},[61,137280,3893],{"class":75},[61,137282,136402],{"class":3896},[819,137284,1750,137286,137288],{"id":137285},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137287,124096],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137290,137291,137293],{},[18,137292,124096],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137295,16864],{},[52,137297,137299],{"className":54,"code":137298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137300,137301,137309],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137302,137303,137305,137307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137304,2464],{"class":67},[61,137306,72],{"class":71},[61,137308,125048],{"class":79},[61,137310,137311,137313,137315,137317,137319,137321],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137312,127],{"class":126},[61,137314,113],{"class":75},[61,137316,2486],{"class":116},[61,137318,26],{"class":75},[61,137320,8870],{"class":116},[61,137322,7424],{"class":75},[14,137324,137325,137326,33822],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137327,124096],{},[14,137329,137330],{},"You can check the type first:",[52,137332,137334],{"className":54,"code":137333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137335,137336,137348,137352,137366],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137337,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137339,1033],{"class":67},[61,137341,72],{"class":71},[61,137343,226],{"class":214},[61,137345,136390],{"class":218},[61,137347,1043],{"class":214},[61,137349,137350],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137351,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137353,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362,137364],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137355,127],{"class":126},[61,137357,113],{"class":75},[61,137359,648],{"class":109},[61,137361,113],{"class":75},[61,137363,1056],{"class":116},[61,137365,480],{"class":75},[61,137367,137368,137370,137372,137374,137376,137378],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137369,127],{"class":126},[61,137371,113],{"class":75},[61,137373,1056],{"class":116},[61,137375,26],{"class":75},[61,137377,8870],{"class":116},[61,137379,7424],{"class":75},[819,137381,137383],{"id":137382},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137385,137386],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[52,137388,137390],{"className":54,"code":137389,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137391,137392,137405,137409,137426,137441,137447],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137393,137394,137396,137398,137400,137403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137395,136609],{"class":67},[61,137397,72],{"class":71},[61,137399,226],{"class":214},[61,137401,137402],{"class":218},"Yes",[61,137404,1043],{"class":214},[61,137406,137407],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137408,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137410,137411,137413,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137412,7227],{"class":1490},[61,137414,137415],{"class":67}," answer ",[61,137417,4916],{"class":71},[61,137419,226],{"class":214},[61,137421,8887],{"class":218},[61,137423,215],{"class":214},[61,137425,6621],{"class":75},[61,137427,137428,137430,137432,137434,137437,137439],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137429,8299],{"class":126},[61,137431,113],{"class":75},[61,137433,215],{"class":214},[61,137435,137436],{"class":218},"Match",[61,137438,215],{"class":214},[61,137440,120],{"class":75},[61,137442,137443,137445],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,137444,27655],{"class":1490},[61,137446,6621],{"class":75},[61,137448,137449,137451,137453,137455,137458,137460],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,137450,8299],{"class":126},[61,137452,113],{"class":75},[61,137454,215],{"class":214},[61,137456,137457],{"class":218},"No match",[61,137459,215],{"class":214},[61,137461,120],{"class":75},[14,137463,29282,137464,4621,137467,137470,137471,26],{},[18,137465,137466],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137468,137469],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137472,137457],{},[14,137474,137475],{},"Better:",[52,137477,137479],{"className":54,"code":137478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137480,137481,137493,137497,137519],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137484,136609],{"class":67},[61,137486,72],{"class":71},[61,137488,226],{"class":214},[61,137490,137402],{"class":218},[61,137492,1043],{"class":214},[61,137494,137495],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137496,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137498,137499,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513,137515,137517],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137500,7227],{"class":1490},[61,137502,136629],{"class":67},[61,137504,26],{"class":75},[61,137506,8870],{"class":116},[61,137508,7596],{"class":75},[61,137510,6636],{"class":71},[61,137512,226],{"class":214},[61,137514,8887],{"class":218},[61,137516,215],{"class":214},[61,137518,6621],{"class":75},[61,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137529,137531],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137522,8299],{"class":126},[61,137524,113],{"class":75},[61,137526,215],{"class":214},[61,137528,137436],{"class":218},[61,137530,215],{"class":214},[61,137532,120],{"class":75},[819,137534,44436,137536,137539],{"id":137535},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137537,137538],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137541,137542,137543,137545],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137544,124096],{}," is enough.",[14,137547,137548,137549,137551,137552,26],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137550,137538],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137553,124096],{},[14,137555,137556,137557,122608],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137558,124096],{},[47,137560,137562,10806,137564],{"id":137561},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137563,124096],{},[18,137565,128244],{},[14,137567,137568,4621,137570,137572],{},[18,137569,124096],{},[18,137571,128244],{}," are very similar.",[34,137574,137575,137580,137585,137588],{},[37,137576,137577,137579],{},[18,137578,124096],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[37,137581,137582,137584],{},[18,137583,128244],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[37,137586,137587],{},"Both return new strings",[37,137589,137590],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137592,197],{},[52,137594,137596],{"className":54,"code":137595,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137597,137598,137610,137614,137630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137599,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137601,1033],{"class":67},[61,137603,72],{"class":71},[61,137605,226],{"class":214},[61,137607,129085],{"class":218},[61,137609,1043],{"class":214},[61,137611,137612],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137613,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,137615,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137617,127],{"class":126},[61,137619,113],{"class":75},[61,137621,1056],{"class":116},[61,137623,26],{"class":75},[61,137625,8870],{"class":116},[61,137627,136399],{"class":75},[61,137629,136297],{"class":3896},[61,137631,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,137633,127],{"class":126},[61,137635,113],{"class":75},[61,137637,1056],{"class":116},[61,137639,26],{"class":75},[61,137641,34700],{"class":116},[61,137643,136399],{"class":75},[61,137645,137646],{"class":3896},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137648,137649,137650,26],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[334,137651,126366,137653,10961],{"href":137652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137654,128244],{},[47,137656,1987],{"id":1986},[819,137658,12927,137660,124693],{"id":137659},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137661,124096],{},[14,137663,137664],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[819,137666,12927,137668,137670],{"id":137667},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137669,124096],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137672,137673,137674,26],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137675,137676],{},"string.lower()",[819,137678,5371,137680,12939],{"id":137679},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137681,124096],{},[14,137683,137684],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[819,137686,28550,137688,137690],{"id":137687},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137689,124096],{}," on user input?",[14,137692,137693,137694,137696],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137695,3197],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[819,137698,5408,137700,4621,137702,2735],{"id":137699},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137701,124096],{},[18,137703,137538],{},[14,137705,137706,137708,137709,137711],{},[18,137707,124096],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137710,137538],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[47,137713,2144],{"id":2143},[34,137715,137716,137720,137726,137732,137738,137742,137746,137752],{},[37,137717,137718],{},[334,137719,51200],{"href":51199},[37,137721,137722],{},[334,137723,126366,137724,10961],{"href":137652},[18,137725,128244],{},[37,137727,137728],{},[334,137729,126366,137730,10961],{"href":136936},[18,137731,41876],{},[37,137733,137734],{},[334,137735,126366,137736,10961],{"href":129947},[18,137737,124537],{},[37,137739,137740],{},[334,137741,124765],{"href":123621},[37,137743,137744],{},[334,137745,90897],{"href":89907},[37,137747,137748],{},[334,137749,3808,137750,3741],{"href":8449},[18,137751,3197],{},[37,137753,137754],{},[334,137755,137756],{"href":136337},"What is a string in Python?",[2169,137758,137759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":137761},[137762,137764,137765,137766,137767,137768,137769,137778,137780,137792],{"id":136307,"depth":101,"text":137763},"What lower() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":136756,"depth":101,"text":136757},{"id":15817,"depth":101,"text":15818},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":137770},[137771,137772,137773,137775,137776],{"id":25907,"depth":123,"text":25908},{"id":137191,"depth":123,"text":137192},{"id":137285,"depth":123,"text":137774},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137382,"depth":123,"text":137383},{"id":137535,"depth":123,"text":137777},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137561,"depth":101,"text":137779},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":137781},[137782,137784,137786,137788,137790],{"id":137659,"depth":123,"text":137783},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137667,"depth":123,"text":137785},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137679,"depth":123,"text":137787},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137687,"depth":123,"text":137789},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137699,"depth":123,"text":137791},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136224,"description":137793},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137800,"title":137801,"body":137802,"description":139352,"extension":2216,"meta":139353,"navigation":271,"path":139354,"seo":139355,"stem":139356,"__hash__":139357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137803,"toc":139313},[137804,137809,137814,137820,137835,137837,137897,137899,137908,137914,137919,137924,137926,137940,137944,137946,137993,137995,138013,138015,138018,138089,138091,138105,138108,138120,138129,138133,138138,138143,138147,138213,138215,138224,138228,138293,138295,138304,138307,138312,138316,138321,138325,138386,138388,138397,138401,138404,138460,138462,138471,138474,138487,138489,138493,138500,138562,138564,138577,138583,138586,138593,138598,138603,138606,138614,138616,138677,138679,138688,138691,138738,138741,138788,138790,138795,138812,138819,138824,138877,138879,138887,138889,138946,138948,138956,138960,139007,139009,139017,139025,139029,139077,139079,139088,139093,139144,139146,139155,139162,139165,139186,139188,139193,139196,139200,139203,139207,139210,139237,139243,139246,139273,139278,139280,139282,139310],[10,137805,123366,137807,11542],{"id":137806},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137808,124537],{},[14,137810,123371,137811,137813],{},[18,137812,124537],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137815,137816,137817,137819],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137818,124537],{},". You will learn:",[34,137821,137822,137826,137829,137832],{},[37,137823,26240,137824,3914],{},[18,137825,124537],{},[37,137827,137828],{},"how its syntax works",[37,137830,137831],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[37,137833,137834],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[47,137836,50],{"id":49},[52,137838,137840],{"className":54,"code":137839,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137841,137842,137855,137887],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137843,137844,137846,137848,137850,137853],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137845,1033],{"class":67},[61,137847,72],{"class":71},[61,137849,226],{"class":214},[61,137851,137852],{"class":218},"I like cats",[61,137854,1043],{"class":214},[61,137856,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871,137874,137876,137878,137880,137883,137885],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137858,130205],{"class":67},[61,137860,72],{"class":71},[61,137862,43065],{"class":67},[61,137864,26],{"class":75},[61,137866,35220],{"class":116},[61,137868,113],{"class":75},[61,137870,215],{"class":214},[61,137872,137873],{"class":218},"cats",[61,137875,215],{"class":214},[61,137877,83],{"class":75},[61,137879,226],{"class":214},[61,137881,137882],{"class":218},"dogs",[61,137884,215],{"class":214},[61,137886,120],{"class":75},[61,137888,137889,137891,137893,137895],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,137890,127],{"class":126},[61,137892,113],{"class":75},[61,137894,130236],{"class":116},[61,137896,120],{"class":75},[14,137898,139],{},[52,137900,137902],{"className":54,"code":137901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like dogs\n",[18,137903,137904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137905,137906],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137907,137901],{"class":67},[14,137909,165,137910,137913],{},[18,137911,137912],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[47,137915,3911,137917,3914],{"id":137916},"what-replace-does",[18,137918,124537],{},[14,137920,137921,137923],{},[18,137922,124537],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137925,13276],{},[34,137927,137928,137930,137932,137935],{},[37,137929,133614],{},[37,137931,136332],{},[37,137933,137934],{},"It works on exact matches",[37,137936,137937,137938],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137939,41482],{},[14,137941,125118,137942,26],{},[334,137943,125121],{"href":51199},[47,137945,5660],{"id":5659},[52,137947,137949],{"className":54,"code":137948,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137950,137951,137971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,137952,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137964,137966,137969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,137954,389],{"class":67},[61,137956,26],{"class":75},[61,137958,35220],{"class":116},[61,137960,113],{"class":75},[61,137962,137963],{"class":116},"old",[61,137965,83],{"class":75},[61,137967,137968],{"class":116}," new",[61,137970,120],{"class":75},[61,137972,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,137974,389],{"class":67},[61,137976,26],{"class":75},[61,137978,35220],{"class":116},[61,137980,113],{"class":75},[61,137982,137963],{"class":116},[61,137984,83],{"class":75},[61,137986,137968],{"class":116},[61,137988,83],{"class":75},[61,137990,49825],{"class":116},[61,137992,120],{"class":75},[819,137994,17616],{"id":17615},[34,137996,137997,138002,138008],{},[37,137998,137999,138001],{},[18,138000,137963],{}," = the text to find",[37,138003,138004,138007],{},[18,138005,138006],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[37,138009,138010,138012],{},[18,138011,41482],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[47,138014,6015],{"id":6014},[14,138016,138017],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[52,138019,138021],{"className":54,"code":138020,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138022,138023,138035,138065,138069,138079],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138024,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138026,1033],{"class":67},[61,138028,72],{"class":71},[61,138030,226],{"class":214},[61,138032,137852],{"class":218},[61,138034,1043],{"class":214},[61,138036,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138038,130205],{"class":67},[61,138040,72],{"class":71},[61,138042,43065],{"class":67},[61,138044,26],{"class":75},[61,138046,35220],{"class":116},[61,138048,113],{"class":75},[61,138050,215],{"class":214},[61,138052,137873],{"class":218},[61,138054,215],{"class":214},[61,138056,83],{"class":75},[61,138058,226],{"class":214},[61,138060,137882],{"class":218},[61,138062,215],{"class":214},[61,138064,120],{"class":75},[61,138066,138067],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138068,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138070,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138072,127],{"class":126},[61,138074,113],{"class":75},[61,138076,1056],{"class":116},[61,138078,120],{"class":75},[61,138080,138081,138083,138085,138087],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,138082,127],{"class":126},[61,138084,113],{"class":75},[61,138086,130236],{"class":116},[61,138088,120],{"class":75},[14,138090,139],{},[52,138092,138094],{"className":54,"code":138093,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138095,138096,138101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138097,138098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138099,138100],{"class":67},"I like cats\n",[61,138102,138103],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138104,137901],{"class":67},[14,138106,138107],{},"Notice what happened:",[34,138109,138110,138115],{},[37,138111,138112,138114],{},[18,138113,1056],{}," did not change",[37,138116,138117,138119],{},[18,138118,130236],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138121,138122,138123,138125,138126,138128],{},"This happens because strings are ",[23,138124,137001],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138127,124537],{}," return a new string instead.",[47,138130,138132],{"id":138131},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138134,89916,138135,138137],{},[18,138136,124537],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138139,138140,138141,36843],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138142,41482],{},[819,138144,138146],{"id":138145},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[52,138148,138150],{"className":54,"code":138149,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138151,138152,138165,138199,138203],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138153,138154,138156,138158,138160,138163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138155,1033],{"class":67},[61,138157,72],{"class":71},[61,138159,226],{"class":214},[61,138161,138162],{"class":218},"cat cat cat",[61,138164,1043],{"class":214},[61,138166,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138168,869],{"class":67},[61,138170,72],{"class":71},[61,138172,43065],{"class":67},[61,138174,26],{"class":75},[61,138176,35220],{"class":116},[61,138178,113],{"class":75},[61,138180,215],{"class":214},[61,138182,37269],{"class":218},[61,138184,215],{"class":214},[61,138186,83],{"class":75},[61,138188,226],{"class":214},[61,138190,58352],{"class":218},[61,138192,215],{"class":214},[61,138194,83],{"class":75},[61,138196,587],{"class":79},[61,138198,120],{"class":75},[61,138200,138201],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138202,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138204,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138206,127],{"class":126},[61,138208,113],{"class":75},[61,138210,892],{"class":116},[61,138212,120],{"class":75},[14,138214,139],{},[52,138216,138218],{"className":54,"code":138217,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138219,138220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138221,138222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138223,138217],{"class":67},[819,138225,138227],{"id":138226},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[52,138229,138231],{"className":54,"code":138230,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138232,138233,138245,138279,138283],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138234,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138236,1033],{"class":67},[61,138238,72],{"class":71},[61,138240,226],{"class":214},[61,138242,138162],{"class":218},[61,138244,1043],{"class":214},[61,138246,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138248,869],{"class":67},[61,138250,72],{"class":71},[61,138252,43065],{"class":67},[61,138254,26],{"class":75},[61,138256,35220],{"class":116},[61,138258,113],{"class":75},[61,138260,215],{"class":214},[61,138262,37269],{"class":218},[61,138264,215],{"class":214},[61,138266,83],{"class":75},[61,138268,226],{"class":214},[61,138270,58352],{"class":218},[61,138272,215],{"class":214},[61,138274,83],{"class":75},[61,138276,86],{"class":79},[61,138278,120],{"class":75},[61,138280,138281],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138282,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138284,138285,138287,138289,138291],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138286,127],{"class":126},[61,138288,113],{"class":75},[61,138290,892],{"class":116},[61,138292,120],{"class":75},[14,138294,139],{},[52,138296,138298],{"className":54,"code":138297,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138299,138300],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138301,138302],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138303,138297],{"class":67},[14,138305,138306],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138308,138309,138310,26],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[334,138311,128090],{"href":124534},[47,138313,138315],{"id":138314},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138317,138318,138320],{},[18,138319,124537],{}," can also change single characters.",[819,138322,138324],{"id":138323},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[52,138326,138328],{"className":54,"code":138327,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138329,138330,138342,138372,138376],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138331,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138333,1033],{"class":67},[61,138335,72],{"class":71},[61,138337,226],{"class":214},[61,138339,1040],{"class":218},[61,138341,1043],{"class":214},[61,138343,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138345,869],{"class":67},[61,138347,72],{"class":71},[61,138349,43065],{"class":67},[61,138351,26],{"class":75},[61,138353,35220],{"class":116},[61,138355,113],{"class":75},[61,138357,215],{"class":214},[61,138359,334],{"class":218},[61,138361,215],{"class":214},[61,138363,83],{"class":75},[61,138365,226],{"class":214},[61,138367,571],{"class":218},[61,138369,215],{"class":214},[61,138371,120],{"class":75},[61,138373,138374],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138375,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138377,138378,138380,138382,138384],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138379,127],{"class":126},[61,138381,113],{"class":75},[61,138383,892],{"class":116},[61,138385,120],{"class":75},[14,138387,139],{},[52,138389,138391],{"className":54,"code":138390,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"bonono\n",[18,138392,138393],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138394,138395],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138396,138390],{"class":67},[819,138398,138400],{"id":138399},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138402,138403],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[52,138405,138407],{"className":54,"code":138406,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138408,138409,138422,138446,138450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138410,138411,138413,138415,138417,138420],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138412,1033],{"class":67},[61,138414,72],{"class":71},[61,138416,226],{"class":214},[61,138418,138419],{"class":218},"a b c",[61,138421,1043],{"class":214},[61,138423,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138425,869],{"class":67},[61,138427,72],{"class":71},[61,138429,43065],{"class":67},[61,138431,26],{"class":75},[61,138433,35220],{"class":116},[61,138435,113],{"class":75},[61,138437,215],{"class":214},[61,138439,226],{"class":214},[61,138441,83],{"class":75},[61,138443,6354],{"class":214},[61,138445,120],{"class":75},[61,138447,138448],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138449,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138451,138452,138454,138456,138458],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138453,127],{"class":126},[61,138455,113],{"class":75},[61,138457,892],{"class":116},[61,138459,120],{"class":75},[14,138461,139],{},[52,138463,138465],{"className":54,"code":138464,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"abc\n",[18,138466,138467],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138468,138469],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138470,138464],{"class":67},[14,138472,138473],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138475,138476,138477,138481,138482,138486],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[334,138478,126366,138479,10961],{"href":129053},[18,138480,60752],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[334,138483,126366,138484,10961],{"href":136936},[18,138485,41876],{}," is often a better choice.",[47,138488,124013],{"id":124012},[14,138490,138491,123824],{},[18,138492,124537],{},[14,138494,127411,138495,4621,138497,127418],{},[18,138496,113050],{},[18,138498,138499],{},"\"Cat\"",[52,138501,138503],{"className":54,"code":138502,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138504,138505,138518,138548,138552],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138506,138507,138509,138511,138513,138516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138508,1033],{"class":67},[61,138510,72],{"class":71},[61,138512,226],{"class":214},[61,138514,138515],{"class":218},"Cat cat CAT",[61,138517,1043],{"class":214},[61,138519,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544,138546],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138521,869],{"class":67},[61,138523,72],{"class":71},[61,138525,43065],{"class":67},[61,138527,26],{"class":75},[61,138529,35220],{"class":116},[61,138531,113],{"class":75},[61,138533,215],{"class":214},[61,138535,37269],{"class":218},[61,138537,215],{"class":214},[61,138539,83],{"class":75},[61,138541,226],{"class":214},[61,138543,58352],{"class":218},[61,138545,215],{"class":214},[61,138547,120],{"class":75},[61,138549,138550],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138551,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138553,138554,138556,138558,138560],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138555,127],{"class":126},[61,138557,113],{"class":75},[61,138559,892],{"class":116},[61,138561,120],{"class":75},[14,138563,139],{},[52,138565,138567],{"className":54,"code":138566,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138568,138569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138570,138571,138574],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138572,138573],{"class":67},"Cat dog ",[61,138575,138576],{"class":34675},"CAT\n",[14,138578,138579,138580,138582],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138581,113050],{}," was replaced.",[14,138584,138585],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138587,138588,138589,26],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[334,138590,126366,138591,10961],{"href":124093},[18,138592,124096],{},[47,138594,3911,138596,11927],{"id":138595},"what-replace-returns",[18,138597,124537],{},[14,138599,138600,138602],{},[18,138601,124537],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138604,138605],{},"If no match is found:",[34,138607,138608,138611],{},[37,138609,138610],{},"no error happens",[37,138612,138613],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138615,197],{},[52,138617,138619],{"className":54,"code":138618,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138620,138621,138633,138663,138667],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138622,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138624,1033],{"class":67},[61,138626,72],{"class":71},[61,138628,226],{"class":214},[61,138630,475],{"class":218},[61,138632,1043],{"class":214},[61,138634,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138636,869],{"class":67},[61,138638,72],{"class":71},[61,138640,43065],{"class":67},[61,138642,26],{"class":75},[61,138644,35220],{"class":116},[61,138646,113],{"class":75},[61,138648,215],{"class":214},[61,138650,2422],{"class":218},[61,138652,215],{"class":214},[61,138654,83],{"class":75},[61,138656,226],{"class":214},[61,138658,11967],{"class":218},[61,138660,215],{"class":214},[61,138662,120],{"class":75},[61,138664,138665],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138666,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,138668,138669,138671,138673,138675],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,138670,127],{"class":126},[61,138672,113],{"class":75},[61,138674,892],{"class":116},[61,138676,120],{"class":75},[14,138678,139],{},[52,138680,138682],{"className":54,"code":138681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello\n",[18,138683,138684],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138685,138686],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138687,138681],{"class":67},[14,138689,138690],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[52,138692,138694],{"className":54,"code":138693,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138695,138696,138708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138697,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138699,1033],{"class":67},[61,138701,72],{"class":71},[61,138703,226],{"class":214},[61,138705,60631],{"class":218},[61,138707,1043],{"class":214},[61,138709,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138711,130205],{"class":67},[61,138713,72],{"class":71},[61,138715,43065],{"class":67},[61,138717,26],{"class":75},[61,138719,35220],{"class":116},[61,138721,113],{"class":75},[61,138723,215],{"class":214},[61,138725,60812],{"class":218},[61,138727,215],{"class":214},[61,138729,83],{"class":75},[61,138731,226],{"class":214},[61,138733,7527],{"class":218},[61,138735,215],{"class":214},[61,138737,120],{"class":75},[14,138739,138740],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[52,138742,138744],{"className":54,"code":138743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138745,138746,138758],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138747,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138749,1033],{"class":67},[61,138751,72],{"class":71},[61,138753,226],{"class":214},[61,138755,60631],{"class":218},[61,138757,1043],{"class":214},[61,138759,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138761,1033],{"class":67},[61,138763,72],{"class":71},[61,138765,43065],{"class":67},[61,138767,26],{"class":75},[61,138769,35220],{"class":116},[61,138771,113],{"class":75},[61,138773,215],{"class":214},[61,138775,60812],{"class":218},[61,138777,215],{"class":214},[61,138779,83],{"class":75},[61,138781,226],{"class":214},[61,138783,7527],{"class":218},[61,138785,215],{"class":214},[61,138787,120],{"class":75},[47,138789,4747],{"id":4746},[14,138791,138792,138793,378],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138794,124537],{},[34,138796,138797,138800,138804,138807],{},[37,138798,138799],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[37,138801,1864,138802,131586],{},[18,138803,124537],{},[37,138805,138806],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[37,138808,1874,138809,138811],{},[18,138810,124537],{}," with regex-based replacements",[819,138813,138815,138816,138818],{"id":138814},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138817,124537],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138820,138821,138822,378],{},"This does not update ",[18,138823,1056],{},[52,138825,138827],{"className":54,"code":138826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138828,138829,138841,138867],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138830,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138832,1033],{"class":67},[61,138834,72],{"class":71},[61,138836,226],{"class":214},[61,138838,137852],{"class":218},[61,138840,1043],{"class":214},[61,138842,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138844,1056],{"class":67},[61,138846,26],{"class":75},[61,138848,35220],{"class":116},[61,138850,113],{"class":75},[61,138852,215],{"class":214},[61,138854,137873],{"class":218},[61,138856,215],{"class":214},[61,138858,83],{"class":75},[61,138860,226],{"class":214},[61,138862,137882],{"class":218},[61,138864,215],{"class":214},[61,138866,120],{"class":75},[61,138868,138869,138871,138873,138875],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138870,127],{"class":126},[61,138872,113],{"class":75},[61,138874,1056],{"class":116},[61,138876,120],{"class":75},[14,138878,139],{},[52,138880,138881],{"className":54,"code":138100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,138882,138883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138884,138885],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138886,138100],{"class":67},[14,138888,11028],{},[52,138890,138892],{"className":54,"code":138891,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138893,138894,138906,138936],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138895,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138897,1033],{"class":67},[61,138899,72],{"class":71},[61,138901,226],{"class":214},[61,138903,137852],{"class":218},[61,138905,1043],{"class":214},[61,138907,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138909,1033],{"class":67},[61,138911,72],{"class":71},[61,138913,43065],{"class":67},[61,138915,26],{"class":75},[61,138917,35220],{"class":116},[61,138919,113],{"class":75},[61,138921,215],{"class":214},[61,138923,137873],{"class":218},[61,138925,215],{"class":214},[61,138927,83],{"class":75},[61,138929,226],{"class":214},[61,138931,137882],{"class":218},[61,138933,215],{"class":214},[61,138935,120],{"class":75},[61,138937,138938,138940,138942,138944],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,138939,127],{"class":126},[61,138941,113],{"class":75},[61,138943,1056],{"class":116},[61,138945,120],{"class":75},[14,138947,139],{},[52,138949,138950],{"className":54,"code":137901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,138951,138952],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138953,138954],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138955,137901],{"class":67},[819,138957,138959],{"id":138958},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[52,138961,138963],{"className":54,"code":138962,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138964,138965,138977],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,138966,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,138968,1033],{"class":67},[61,138970,72],{"class":71},[61,138972,226],{"class":214},[61,138974,35088],{"class":218},[61,138976,1043],{"class":214},[61,138978,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,138980,127],{"class":126},[61,138982,113],{"class":75},[61,138984,1056],{"class":116},[61,138986,26],{"class":75},[61,138988,35220],{"class":116},[61,138990,113],{"class":75},[61,138992,215],{"class":214},[61,138994,475],{"class":218},[61,138996,215],{"class":214},[61,138998,83],{"class":75},[61,139000,226],{"class":214},[61,139002,90151],{"class":218},[61,139004,215],{"class":214},[61,139006,480],{"class":75},[14,139008,139],{},[52,139010,139011],{"className":54,"code":89164,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,139012,139013],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139014,139015],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139016,89164],{"class":67},[14,139018,139019,139020,4621,139022,139024],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,139021,64753],{},[18,139023,90633],{}," are not the same.",[819,139026,139028],{"id":139027},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[52,139030,139032],{"className":54,"code":139031,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,139033,139034,139047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139035,139036,139038,139040,139042,139045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139037,1033],{"class":67},[61,139039,72],{"class":71},[61,139041,226],{"class":214},[61,139043,139044],{"class":218},"red red red",[61,139046,1043],{"class":214},[61,139048,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139050,127],{"class":126},[61,139052,113],{"class":75},[61,139054,1056],{"class":116},[61,139056,26],{"class":75},[61,139058,35220],{"class":116},[61,139060,113],{"class":75},[61,139062,215],{"class":214},[61,139064,219],{"class":218},[61,139066,215],{"class":214},[61,139068,83],{"class":75},[61,139070,226],{"class":214},[61,139072,229],{"class":218},[61,139074,215],{"class":214},[61,139076,480],{"class":75},[14,139078,139],{},[52,139080,139082],{"className":54,"code":139081,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139083,139084],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139085,139086],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139087,139081],{"class":67},[14,139089,139090,139091,378],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139092,41482],{},[52,139094,139096],{"className":54,"code":139095,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139097,139098,139110],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139099,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139101,1033],{"class":67},[61,139103,72],{"class":71},[61,139105,226],{"class":214},[61,139107,139044],{"class":218},[61,139109,1043],{"class":214},[61,139111,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139113,127],{"class":126},[61,139115,113],{"class":75},[61,139117,1056],{"class":116},[61,139119,26],{"class":75},[61,139121,35220],{"class":116},[61,139123,113],{"class":75},[61,139125,215],{"class":214},[61,139127,219],{"class":218},[61,139129,215],{"class":214},[61,139131,83],{"class":75},[61,139133,226],{"class":214},[61,139135,229],{"class":218},[61,139137,215],{"class":214},[61,139139,83],{"class":75},[61,139141,587],{"class":79},[61,139143,480],{"class":75},[14,139145,139],{},[52,139147,139149],{"className":54,"code":139148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"blue red red\n",[18,139150,139151],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139152,139153],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139154,139148],{"class":67},[819,139156,139158,139159,139161],{"id":139157},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139160,124537],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139163,139164],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[34,139166,139167,139174,139181],{},[37,139168,165,139169,139173],{},[334,139170,139171],{"href":129053},[18,139172,60752],{}," to break a string into a list",[37,139175,165,139176,139180],{},[334,139177,139178],{"href":136936},[18,139179,41876],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[37,139182,165,139183,139185],{},[18,139184,124537],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[47,139187,1987],{"id":1986},[819,139189,12927,139191,124693],{"id":139190},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139192,124537],{},[14,139194,139195],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[819,139197,139199],{"id":139198},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139201,139202],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[819,139204,139206],{"id":139205},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139208,139209],{},"Use the third argument:",[52,139211,139213],{"className":54,"code":139212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139214,139215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139216,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139218,1056],{"class":67},[61,139220,26],{"class":75},[61,139222,35220],{"class":116},[61,139224,113],{"class":75},[61,139226,137963],{"class":116},[61,139228,83],{"class":75},[61,139230,137968],{"class":116},[61,139232,83],{"class":75},[61,139234,587],{"class":79},[61,139236,120],{"class":75},[819,139238,5398,139240,139242],{"id":139239},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139241,124537],{}," remove text?",[14,139244,139245],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[52,139247,139249],{"className":54,"code":139248,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139250,139251],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139252,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139254,1056],{"class":67},[61,139256,26],{"class":75},[61,139258,35220],{"class":116},[61,139260,113],{"class":75},[61,139262,215],{"class":214},[61,139264,2422],{"class":218},[61,139266,215],{"class":214},[61,139268,83],{"class":75},[61,139270,6354],{"class":214},[61,139272,120],{"class":75},[819,139274,15124,139276,124702],{"id":139275},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139277,124537],{},[14,139279,129895],{},[47,139281,2144],{"id":2143},[34,139283,139284,139288,139294,139300,139306],{},[37,139285,139286],{},[334,139287,124772],{"href":124534},[37,139289,139290],{},[334,139291,126366,139292,10961],{"href":129053},[18,139293,60752],{},[37,139295,139296],{},[334,139297,126366,139298,10961],{"href":136936},[18,139299,41876],{},[37,139301,139302],{},[334,139303,126366,139304,10961],{"href":124093},[18,139305,124096],{},[37,139307,139308],{},[334,139309,125121],{"href":51199},[2169,139311,139312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":139314},[139315,139316,139318,139321,139322,139326,139330,139331,139333,139341,139351],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":137916,"depth":101,"text":139317},"What replace() does",{"id":5659,"depth":101,"text":5660,"children":139319},[139320],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":6014,"depth":101,"text":6015},{"id":138131,"depth":101,"text":138132,"children":139323},[139324,139325],{"id":138145,"depth":123,"text":138146},{"id":138226,"depth":123,"text":138227},{"id":138314,"depth":101,"text":138315,"children":139327},[139328,139329],{"id":138323,"depth":123,"text":138324},{"id":138399,"depth":123,"text":138400},{"id":124012,"depth":101,"text":124013},{"id":138595,"depth":101,"text":139332},"What replace() returns",{"id":4746,"depth":101,"text":4747,"children":139334},[139335,139337,139338,139339],{"id":138814,"depth":123,"text":139336},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138958,"depth":123,"text":138959},{"id":139027,"depth":123,"text":139028},{"id":139157,"depth":123,"text":139340},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":139342},[139343,139345,139346,139347,139349],{"id":139190,"depth":123,"text":139344},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139198,"depth":123,"text":139199},{"id":139205,"depth":123,"text":139206},{"id":139239,"depth":123,"text":139348},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139275,"depth":123,"text":139350},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137801,"description":139352},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139359,"title":139360,"body":139361,"description":141380,"extension":2216,"meta":141381,"navigation":271,"path":141382,"seo":141383,"stem":141384,"__hash__":141385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139362,"toc":141344},[139363,139368,139373,139376,139387,139389,139444,139449,139454,139461,139463,139478,139480,139536,139538,139576,139581,139583,139607,139610,139623,139628,139630,139662,139664,139697,139703,139708,139711,139721,139724,139726,139782,139784,139834,139837,139845,139848,139904,139906,139979,139992,140000,140004,140015,140018,140021,140074,140076,140108,140111,140165,140167,140202,140205,140210,140215,140220,140223,140225,140283,140285,140319,140321,140336,140339,140341,140383,140385,140411,140416,140424,140427,140429,140511,140513,140564,140567,140578,140586,140588,140661,140663,140681,140685,140688,140692,140719,140721,140729,140733,140768,140770,140783,140787,140790,140829,140831,140848,140853,140858,140869,140872,140883,140885,140887,140913,140916,140965,140967,140984,140987,140989,141041,141043,141075,141078,141136,141141,141143,141148,141251,141253,141267,141269,141276,141281,141286,141291,141296,141301,141304,141308,141313,141315,141341],[10,139364,123366,139366,11542],{"id":139365},"python-string-split-method",[18,139367,60752],{},[14,139369,123371,139370,139372],{},[18,139371,60752],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139374,139375],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[34,139377,139378,139381,139384],{},[37,139379,139380],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[37,139382,139383],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[37,139385,139386],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[47,139388,50],{"id":49},[52,139390,139392],{"className":54,"code":139391,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139393,139394,139407,139429,139439],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139395,139396,139398,139400,139402,139405],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139397,1033],{"class":67},[61,139399,72],{"class":71},[61,139401,226],{"class":214},[61,139403,139404],{"class":218},"apple,banana,cherry",[61,139406,1043],{"class":214},[61,139408,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139410,43060],{"class":67},[61,139412,72],{"class":71},[61,139414,43065],{"class":67},[61,139416,26],{"class":75},[61,139418,34691],{"class":116},[61,139420,113],{"class":75},[61,139422,215],{"class":214},[61,139424,83],{"class":218},[61,139426,215],{"class":214},[61,139428,120],{"class":75},[61,139430,139431,139433,139435,139437],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,139432,127],{"class":126},[61,139434,113],{"class":75},[61,139436,43092],{"class":116},[61,139438,120],{"class":75},[61,139440,139441],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,139442,139443],{"class":3896},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139445,165,139446,139448],{},[18,139447,60752],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[47,139450,3911,139452,3914],{"id":139451},"what-split-does",[18,139453,60752],{},[14,139455,139456,132414,139458,26],{},[18,139457,60752],{},[23,139459,139460],{},"string method",[14,139462,49151],{},[34,139464,139465,139468,139473],{},[37,139466,139467],{},"divides a string into parts",[37,139469,119668,139470],{},[23,139471,139472],{},"new list of strings",[37,139474,119674,139475,139477],{},[23,139476,704],{}," change the original string",[14,139479,197],{},[52,139481,139483],{"className":54,"code":139482,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139484,139485,139498,139512,139516,139526],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139486,139487,139489,139491,139493,139496],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139488,1033],{"class":67},[61,139490,72],{"class":71},[61,139492,226],{"class":214},[61,139494,139495],{"class":218},"red blue green",[61,139497,1043],{"class":214},[61,139499,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139501,43060],{"class":67},[61,139503,72],{"class":71},[61,139505,43065],{"class":67},[61,139507,26],{"class":75},[61,139509,34691],{"class":116},[61,139511,628],{"class":75},[61,139513,139514],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,139515,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,139517,139518,139520,139522,139524],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,139519,127],{"class":126},[61,139521,113],{"class":75},[61,139523,1056],{"class":116},[61,139525,120],{"class":75},[61,139527,139528,139530,139532,139534],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,139529,127],{"class":126},[61,139531,113],{"class":75},[61,139533,43092],{"class":116},[61,139535,120],{"class":75},[14,139537,139],{},[52,139539,139541],{"className":54,"code":139540,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139542,139543,139548],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139544,139545],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139546,139547],{"class":67},"red blue green\n",[61,139549,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139551,4129],{"class":75},[61,139553,299],{"class":214},[61,139555,219],{"class":218},[61,139557,299],{"class":214},[61,139559,83],{"class":75},[61,139561,308],{"class":214},[61,139563,229],{"class":218},[61,139565,299],{"class":214},[61,139567,83],{"class":75},[61,139569,308],{"class":214},[61,139571,246],{"class":218},[61,139573,299],{"class":214},[61,139575,98],{"class":75},[14,139577,139578,139579,26],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[334,139580,125121],{"href":51199},[47,139582,341],{"id":340},[52,139584,139586],{"className":54,"code":139585,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139587,139588],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139605],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139591,389],{"class":67},[61,139593,26],{"class":75},[61,139595,34691],{"class":116},[61,139597,113],{"class":75},[61,139599,133770],{"class":116},[61,139601,83],{"class":75},[61,139603,139604],{"class":116}," maxsplit",[61,139606,120],{"class":75},[14,139608,139609],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[34,139611,139612,139617],{},[37,139613,139614,139616],{},[18,139615,133770],{}," tells Python where to split",[37,139618,139619,139622],{},[18,139620,139621],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139624,9101,139625,139627],{},[18,139626,133770],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139629,197],{},[52,139631,139633],{"className":54,"code":139632,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139634,139635,139648],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139636,139637,139639,139641,139643,139646],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139638,1033],{"class":67},[61,139640,72],{"class":71},[61,139642,226],{"class":214},[61,139644,139645],{"class":218},"one two three",[61,139647,1043],{"class":214},[61,139649,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139651,127],{"class":126},[61,139653,113],{"class":75},[61,139655,1056],{"class":116},[61,139657,26],{"class":75},[61,139659,34691],{"class":116},[61,139661,7424],{"class":75},[14,139663,139],{},[52,139665,139667],{"className":54,"code":139666,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139668,139669],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139670,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139672,4129],{"class":75},[61,139674,299],{"class":214},[61,139676,6814],{"class":218},[61,139678,299],{"class":214},[61,139680,83],{"class":75},[61,139682,308],{"class":214},[61,139684,79486],{"class":218},[61,139686,299],{"class":214},[61,139688,83],{"class":75},[61,139690,308],{"class":214},[61,139692,134252],{"class":218},[61,139694,299],{"class":214},[61,139696,98],{"class":75},[47,139698,1750,139700,139702],{"id":139699},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139701,60752],{}," with no separator",[14,139704,70391,139705,139707],{},[18,139706,60752],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139709,139710],{},"Whitespace includes:",[34,139712,139713,139715,139718],{},[37,139714,10673],{},[37,139716,139717],{},"tabs",[37,139719,139720],{},"new lines",[14,139722,139723],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139725,197],{},[52,139727,139729],{"className":54,"code":139728,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139730,139731,139754,139768,139772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139732,139733,139735,139737,139739,139742,139745,139747,139749,139752],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139734,1033],{"class":67},[61,139736,72],{"class":71},[61,139738,226],{"class":214},[61,139740,139741],{"class":218},"Python   is",[61,139743,139744],{"class":34675},"\\t",[61,139746,133506],{"class":218},[61,139748,87368],{"class":34675},[61,139750,139751],{"class":218},"and useful",[61,139753,1043],{"class":214},[61,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139757,43060],{"class":67},[61,139759,72],{"class":71},[61,139761,43065],{"class":67},[61,139763,26],{"class":75},[61,139765,34691],{"class":116},[61,139767,628],{"class":75},[61,139769,139770],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,139771,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,139773,139774,139776,139778,139780],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,139775,127],{"class":126},[61,139777,113],{"class":75},[61,139779,43092],{"class":116},[61,139781,120],{"class":75},[14,139783,139],{},[52,139785,139787],{"className":54,"code":139786,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139788,139789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139790,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139830,139832],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139792,4129],{"class":75},[61,139794,299],{"class":214},[61,139796,7527],{"class":218},[61,139798,299],{"class":214},[61,139800,83],{"class":75},[61,139802,308],{"class":214},[61,139804,12416],{"class":218},[61,139806,299],{"class":214},[61,139808,83],{"class":75},[61,139810,308],{"class":214},[61,139812,133506],{"class":218},[61,139814,299],{"class":214},[61,139816,83],{"class":75},[61,139818,308],{"class":214},[61,139820,130131],{"class":218},[61,139822,299],{"class":214},[61,139824,83],{"class":75},[61,139826,308],{"class":214},[61,139828,139829],{"class":218},"useful",[61,139831,299],{"class":214},[61,139833,98],{"class":75},[14,139835,139836],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[819,139838,139840,10806,139842],{"id":139839},"split-vs-split",[18,139841,60752],{},[18,139843,139844],{},"split(' ')",[14,139846,139847],{},"These are not the same.",[52,139849,139851],{"className":54,"code":139850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139852,139853,139866,139870,139884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139854,139855,139857,139859,139861,139864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139856,1033],{"class":67},[61,139858,72],{"class":71},[61,139860,226],{"class":214},[61,139862,139863],{"class":218},"a  b   c",[61,139865,1043],{"class":214},[61,139867,139868],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139869,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,139871,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,139873,127],{"class":126},[61,139875,113],{"class":75},[61,139877,1056],{"class":116},[61,139879,26],{"class":75},[61,139881,34691],{"class":116},[61,139883,7424],{"class":75},[61,139885,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,139887,127],{"class":126},[61,139889,113],{"class":75},[61,139891,1056],{"class":116},[61,139893,26],{"class":75},[61,139895,34691],{"class":116},[61,139897,113],{"class":75},[61,139899,215],{"class":214},[61,139901,226],{"class":214},[61,139903,480],{"class":75},[14,139905,139],{},[52,139907,139909],{"className":54,"code":139908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139910,139911,139939],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,139912,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,139914,4129],{"class":75},[61,139916,299],{"class":214},[61,139918,334],{"class":218},[61,139920,299],{"class":214},[61,139922,83],{"class":75},[61,139924,308],{"class":214},[61,139926,765],{"class":218},[61,139928,299],{"class":214},[61,139930,83],{"class":75},[61,139932,308],{"class":214},[61,139934,9961],{"class":218},[61,139936,299],{"class":214},[61,139938,98],{"class":75},[61,139940,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,139942,4129],{"class":75},[61,139944,299],{"class":214},[61,139946,334],{"class":218},[61,139948,299],{"class":214},[61,139950,83],{"class":75},[61,139952,4070],{"class":214},[61,139954,83],{"class":75},[61,139956,308],{"class":214},[61,139958,765],{"class":218},[61,139960,299],{"class":214},[61,139962,83],{"class":75},[61,139964,4070],{"class":214},[61,139966,83],{"class":75},[61,139968,4070],{"class":214},[61,139970,83],{"class":75},[61,139972,308],{"class":214},[61,139974,9961],{"class":218},[61,139976,299],{"class":214},[61,139978,98],{"class":75},[34,139980,139981,139986],{},[37,139982,139983,139985],{},[18,139984,60752],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[37,139987,139988,139991],{},[18,139989,139990],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139993,139994,139995,139999],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[334,139996,126366,139997,10961],{"href":136936},[18,139998,41876],{}," is often useful.",[47,140001,140003],{"id":140002},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140005,140006,140007,2437,140010,2440,140012,26],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,140008,140009],{},"\",\"",[18,140011,133605],{},[18,140013,140014],{},"\"::\"",[14,140016,140017],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140019,140020],{},"Example with commas:",[52,140022,140024],{"className":54,"code":140023,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140025,140026,140038,140060,140064],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140027,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140029,1033],{"class":67},[61,140031,72],{"class":71},[61,140033,226],{"class":214},[61,140035,139404],{"class":218},[61,140037,1043],{"class":214},[61,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140041,43060],{"class":67},[61,140043,72],{"class":71},[61,140045,43065],{"class":67},[61,140047,26],{"class":75},[61,140049,34691],{"class":116},[61,140051,113],{"class":75},[61,140053,215],{"class":214},[61,140055,83],{"class":218},[61,140057,215],{"class":214},[61,140059,120],{"class":75},[61,140061,140062],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140063,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140065,140066,140068,140070,140072],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140067,127],{"class":126},[61,140069,113],{"class":75},[61,140071,43092],{"class":116},[61,140073,120],{"class":75},[14,140075,139],{},[52,140077,140078],{"className":54,"code":78665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140079,140080],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140081,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140083,4129],{"class":75},[61,140085,299],{"class":214},[61,140087,2042],{"class":218},[61,140089,299],{"class":214},[61,140091,83],{"class":75},[61,140093,308],{"class":214},[61,140095,1040],{"class":218},[61,140097,299],{"class":214},[61,140099,83],{"class":75},[61,140101,308],{"class":214},[61,140103,4323],{"class":218},[61,140105,299],{"class":214},[61,140107,98],{"class":75},[14,140109,140110],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[52,140112,140114],{"className":54,"code":140113,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140115,140116,140129,140151,140155],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140117,140118,140120,140122,140124,140127],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140119,1033],{"class":67},[61,140121,72],{"class":71},[61,140123,226],{"class":214},[61,140125,140126],{"class":218},"2024::10::31",[61,140128,1043],{"class":214},[61,140130,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140132,43060],{"class":67},[61,140134,72],{"class":71},[61,140136,43065],{"class":67},[61,140138,26],{"class":75},[61,140140,34691],{"class":116},[61,140142,113],{"class":75},[61,140144,215],{"class":214},[61,140146,76883],{"class":218},[61,140148,215],{"class":214},[61,140150,120],{"class":75},[61,140152,140153],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140154,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140156,140157,140159,140161,140163],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140158,127],{"class":126},[61,140160,113],{"class":75},[61,140162,43092],{"class":116},[61,140164,120],{"class":75},[14,140166,139],{},[52,140168,140170],{"className":54,"code":140169,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140171,140172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140173,140174,140176,140178,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140198,140200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140175,4129],{"class":75},[61,140177,299],{"class":214},[61,140179,140180],{"class":218},"2024",[61,140182,299],{"class":214},[61,140184,83],{"class":75},[61,140186,308],{"class":214},[61,140188,447],{"class":218},[61,140190,299],{"class":214},[61,140192,83],{"class":75},[61,140194,308],{"class":214},[61,140196,140197],{"class":218},"31",[61,140199,299],{"class":214},[61,140201,98],{"class":75},[14,140203,140204],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140206,140207,140208,26],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[334,140209,129050],{"href":129049},[47,140211,1750,140213],{"id":140212},"using-maxsplit",[18,140214,139621],{},[14,140216,140217,140219],{},[18,140218,139621],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140221,140222],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140224,197],{},[52,140226,140228],{"className":54,"code":140227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140229,140230,140243,140269,140273],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140231,140232,140234,140236,140238,140241],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140233,1033],{"class":67},[61,140235,72],{"class":71},[61,140237,226],{"class":214},[61,140239,140240],{"class":218},"name:age:city:country",[61,140242,1043],{"class":214},[61,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140246,43060],{"class":67},[61,140248,72],{"class":71},[61,140250,43065],{"class":67},[61,140252,26],{"class":75},[61,140254,34691],{"class":116},[61,140256,113],{"class":75},[61,140258,215],{"class":214},[61,140260,378],{"class":218},[61,140262,215],{"class":214},[61,140264,83],{"class":75},[61,140266,86],{"class":79},[61,140268,120],{"class":75},[61,140270,140271],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140272,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140274,140275,140277,140279,140281],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140276,127],{"class":126},[61,140278,113],{"class":75},[61,140280,43092],{"class":116},[61,140282,120],{"class":75},[14,140284,139],{},[52,140286,140288],{"className":54,"code":140287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140289,140290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140291,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310,140312,140315,140317],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140293,4129],{"class":75},[61,140295,299],{"class":214},[61,140297,7899],{"class":218},[61,140299,299],{"class":214},[61,140301,83],{"class":75},[61,140303,308],{"class":214},[61,140305,9521],{"class":218},[61,140307,299],{"class":214},[61,140309,83],{"class":75},[61,140311,308],{"class":214},[61,140313,140314],{"class":218},"city:country",[61,140316,299],{"class":214},[61,140318,98],{"class":75},[14,140320,2427],{},[34,140322,140323,140328,140333],{},[37,140324,140325,140326],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140327,378],{},[37,140329,140330,140331],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140332,378],{},[37,140334,140335],{},"then stops",[14,140337,140338],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140340,52303],{},[52,140342,140344],{"className":54,"code":140343,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140345,140346,140359],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140347,140348,140350,140352,140354,140357],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140349,1033],{"class":67},[61,140351,72],{"class":71},[61,140353,226],{"class":214},[61,140355,140356],{"class":218},"apple banana cherry grape",[61,140358,1043],{"class":214},[61,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140362,127],{"class":126},[61,140364,113],{"class":75},[61,140366,1056],{"class":116},[61,140368,26],{"class":75},[61,140370,34691],{"class":116},[61,140372,113],{"class":75},[61,140374,215],{"class":214},[61,140376,226],{"class":214},[61,140378,83],{"class":75},[61,140380,587],{"class":79},[61,140382,480],{"class":75},[14,140384,139],{},[52,140386,140388],{"className":54,"code":140387,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140389,140390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140391,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140407,140409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140393,4129],{"class":75},[61,140395,299],{"class":214},[61,140397,2042],{"class":218},[61,140399,299],{"class":214},[61,140401,83],{"class":75},[61,140403,308],{"class":214},[61,140405,140406],{"class":218},"banana cherry grape",[61,140408,299],{"class":214},[61,140410,98],{"class":75},[47,140412,3911,140414,11927],{"id":140413},"what-split-returns",[18,140415,60752],{},[14,140417,140418,140419,140421,140422,26],{},"The result of ",[18,140420,60752],{}," is always a ",[23,140423,383],{},[14,140425,140426],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140428,197],{},[52,140430,140432],{"className":54,"code":140431,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140433,140434,140447,140469,140473,140483,140497],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140435,140436,140438,140440,140442,140445],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140437,1033],{"class":67},[61,140439,72],{"class":71},[61,140441,226],{"class":214},[61,140443,140444],{"class":218},"cat,dog,bird",[61,140446,1043],{"class":214},[61,140448,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140450,43060],{"class":67},[61,140452,72],{"class":71},[61,140454,43065],{"class":67},[61,140456,26],{"class":75},[61,140458,34691],{"class":116},[61,140460,113],{"class":75},[61,140462,215],{"class":214},[61,140464,83],{"class":218},[61,140466,215],{"class":214},[61,140468,120],{"class":75},[61,140470,140471],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140472,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140474,140475,140477,140479,140481],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140476,127],{"class":126},[61,140478,113],{"class":75},[61,140480,43092],{"class":116},[61,140482,120],{"class":75},[61,140484,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,140486,127],{"class":126},[61,140488,113],{"class":75},[61,140490,648],{"class":109},[61,140492,113],{"class":75},[61,140494,43092],{"class":116},[61,140496,480],{"class":75},[61,140498,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,140500,127],{"class":126},[61,140502,113],{"class":75},[61,140504,43092],{"class":116},[61,140506,4129],{"class":75},[61,140508,582],{"class":79},[61,140510,1474],{"class":75},[14,140512,139],{},[52,140514,140516],{"className":54,"code":140515,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140517,140518,140546,140560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140519,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140521,4129],{"class":75},[61,140523,299],{"class":214},[61,140525,37269],{"class":218},[61,140527,299],{"class":214},[61,140529,83],{"class":75},[61,140531,308],{"class":214},[61,140533,58352],{"class":218},[61,140535,299],{"class":214},[61,140537,83],{"class":75},[61,140539,308],{"class":214},[61,140541,58369],{"class":218},[61,140543,299],{"class":214},[61,140545,98],{"class":75},[61,140547,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140549,672],{"class":71},[61,140551,676],{"class":675},[61,140553,308],{"class":214},[61,140555,383],{"class":218},[61,140557,299],{"class":214},[61,140559,685],{"class":71},[61,140561,140562],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140563,85684],{"class":67},[14,140565,140566],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[34,140568,140569,140572,140575],{},[37,140570,140571],{},"loop over it",[37,140573,140574],{},"access items by index",[37,140576,140577],{},"combine items again later",[14,140579,140580,140581,26],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[334,140582,126366,140584,10961],{"href":140583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140585,133448],{},[14,140587,197],{},[52,140589,140591],{"className":54,"code":140590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140592,140593,140625,140647,140651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140594,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140596,43060],{"class":67},[61,140598,72],{"class":71},[61,140600,76],{"class":75},[61,140602,299],{"class":214},[61,140604,37269],{"class":218},[61,140606,299],{"class":214},[61,140608,83],{"class":75},[61,140610,308],{"class":214},[61,140612,58352],{"class":218},[61,140614,299],{"class":214},[61,140616,83],{"class":75},[61,140618,308],{"class":214},[61,140620,58369],{"class":218},[61,140622,299],{"class":214},[61,140624,98],{"class":75},[61,140626,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140628,1033],{"class":67},[61,140630,72],{"class":71},[61,140632,226],{"class":214},[61,140634,2275],{"class":218},[61,140636,215],{"class":214},[61,140638,26],{"class":75},[61,140640,133525],{"class":116},[61,140642,113],{"class":75},[61,140644,43092],{"class":116},[61,140646,120],{"class":75},[61,140648,140649],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140650,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140652,140653,140655,140657,140659],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140654,127],{"class":126},[61,140656,113],{"class":75},[61,140658,1056],{"class":116},[61,140660,120],{"class":75},[14,140662,139],{},[52,140664,140666],{"className":54,"code":140665,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140667,140668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140669,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140671,37269],{"class":67},[61,140673,2275],{"class":71},[61,140675,58352],{"class":67},[61,140677,2275],{"class":71},[61,140679,140680],{"class":67},"bird\n",[47,140682,140684],{"id":140683},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140686,140687],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[819,140689,140691],{"id":140690},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[52,140693,140695],{"className":54,"code":140694,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140696,140697,140705],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140698,140699,140701,140703],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140700,1033],{"class":67},[61,140702,72],{"class":71},[61,140704,8111],{"class":214},[61,140706,140707,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140708,127],{"class":126},[61,140710,113],{"class":75},[61,140712,1056],{"class":116},[61,140714,26],{"class":75},[61,140716,34691],{"class":116},[61,140718,7424],{"class":75},[14,140720,139],{},[52,140722,140723],{"className":54,"code":38518,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140724,140725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140726,140727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140728,38518],{"class":75},[819,140730,140732],{"id":140731},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[52,140734,140736],{"className":54,"code":140735,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140737,140738,140746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140739,140740,140742,140744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140741,1033],{"class":67},[61,140743,72],{"class":71},[61,140745,8111],{"class":214},[61,140747,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140749,127],{"class":126},[61,140751,113],{"class":75},[61,140753,1056],{"class":116},[61,140755,26],{"class":75},[61,140757,34691],{"class":116},[61,140759,113],{"class":75},[61,140761,215],{"class":214},[61,140763,83],{"class":218},[61,140765,215],{"class":214},[61,140767,480],{"class":75},[14,140769,139],{},[52,140771,140773],{"className":54,"code":140772,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['']\n",[18,140774,140775],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140776,140777,140779,140781],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140778,4129],{"class":75},[61,140780,4007],{"class":214},[61,140782,98],{"class":75},[819,140784,140786],{"id":140785},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140788,140789],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[52,140791,140793],{"className":54,"code":140792,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140794,140795,140807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140798,1033],{"class":67},[61,140800,72],{"class":71},[61,140802,226],{"class":214},[61,140804,475],{"class":218},[61,140806,1043],{"class":214},[61,140808,140809,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140810,127],{"class":126},[61,140812,113],{"class":75},[61,140814,1056],{"class":116},[61,140816,26],{"class":75},[61,140818,34691],{"class":116},[61,140820,113],{"class":75},[61,140822,215],{"class":214},[61,140824,83],{"class":218},[61,140826,215],{"class":214},[61,140828,480],{"class":75},[14,140830,139],{},[52,140832,140834],{"className":54,"code":140833,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"['hello']\n",[18,140835,140836],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140837,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140839,4129],{"class":75},[61,140841,299],{"class":214},[61,140843,475],{"class":218},[61,140845,299],{"class":214},[61,140847,98],{"class":75},[47,140849,5189,140851],{"id":140850},"when-to-use-split",[18,140852,60752],{},[14,140854,165,140855,140857],{},[18,140856,60752],{}," when you need to:",[34,140859,140860,140863,140866],{},[37,140861,140862],{},"split a sentence into words",[37,140864,140865],{},"split comma-separated values",[37,140867,140868],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140870,140871],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[34,140873,140874,140877,140880],{},[37,140875,140876],{},"cleaning text",[37,140878,140879],{},"parsing user input",[37,140881,140882],{},"processing simple file content",[47,140884,1741],{"id":1740},[14,140886,84455],{},[34,140888,140889,140893,140899,140902,140910],{},[37,140890,50729,140891,131586],{},[18,140892,60752],{},[37,140894,140895,140896,140898],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140897,60752],{}," returns a list, not a string",[37,140900,140901],{},"using the wrong separator",[37,140903,140904,140905,140907,140908],{},"assuming ",[18,140906,139844],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140909,60752],{},[37,140911,140912],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140914,140915],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[52,140917,140919],{"className":54,"code":140918,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140920,140921,140933,140951,140955],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140922,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140924,1033],{"class":67},[61,140926,72],{"class":71},[61,140928,226],{"class":214},[61,140930,43053],{"class":218},[61,140932,1043],{"class":214},[61,140934,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,140936,1056],{"class":67},[61,140938,26],{"class":75},[61,140940,34691],{"class":116},[61,140942,113],{"class":75},[61,140944,215],{"class":214},[61,140946,83],{"class":218},[61,140948,215],{"class":214},[61,140950,120],{"class":75},[61,140952,140953],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,140954,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,140956,140957,140959,140961,140963],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,140958,127],{"class":126},[61,140960,113],{"class":75},[61,140962,1056],{"class":116},[61,140964,120],{"class":75},[14,140966,139],{},[52,140968,140970],{"className":54,"code":140969,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a,b,c\n",[18,140971,140972],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140973,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140975,334],{"class":67},[61,140977,83],{"class":75},[61,140979,765],{"class":67},[61,140981,83],{"class":75},[61,140983,69463],{"class":67},[14,140985,140986],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140988,11028],{},[52,140990,140991],{"className":54,"code":43040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,140992,140993,141005,141027,141031],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,140994,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,140996,1033],{"class":67},[61,140998,72],{"class":71},[61,141000,226],{"class":214},[61,141002,43053],{"class":218},[61,141004,1043],{"class":214},[61,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141008,43060],{"class":67},[61,141010,72],{"class":71},[61,141012,43065],{"class":67},[61,141014,26],{"class":75},[61,141016,34691],{"class":116},[61,141018,113],{"class":75},[61,141020,215],{"class":214},[61,141022,83],{"class":218},[61,141024,215],{"class":214},[61,141026,120],{"class":75},[61,141028,141029],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141030,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,141032,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141034,127],{"class":126},[61,141036,113],{"class":75},[61,141038,43092],{"class":116},[61,141040,120],{"class":75},[14,141042,139],{},[52,141044,141045],{"className":54,"code":43099,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,141046,141047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141048,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141050,4129],{"class":75},[61,141052,299],{"class":214},[61,141054,334],{"class":218},[61,141056,299],{"class":214},[61,141058,83],{"class":75},[61,141060,308],{"class":214},[61,141062,765],{"class":218},[61,141064,299],{"class":214},[61,141066,83],{"class":75},[61,141068,308],{"class":214},[61,141070,9961],{"class":218},[61,141072,299],{"class":214},[61,141074,98],{"class":75},[14,141076,141077],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[52,141079,141081],{"className":54,"code":141080,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141082,141083,141096,141118,141122],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141084,141085,141087,141089,141091,141094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141086,1033],{"class":67},[61,141088,72],{"class":71},[61,141090,226],{"class":214},[61,141092,141093],{"class":218},"apple,banana",[61,141095,1043],{"class":214},[61,141097,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141099,43060],{"class":67},[61,141101,72],{"class":71},[61,141103,43065],{"class":67},[61,141105,26],{"class":75},[61,141107,34691],{"class":116},[61,141109,113],{"class":75},[61,141111,215],{"class":214},[61,141113,83],{"class":218},[61,141115,215],{"class":214},[61,141117,120],{"class":75},[61,141119,141120],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141121,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141125,127],{"class":126},[61,141127,113],{"class":75},[61,141129,43092],{"class":116},[61,141131,4129],{"class":75},[61,141133,2310],{"class":79},[61,141135,1474],{"class":75},[14,141137,141138,141139,26],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[334,141140,69476],{"href":69475},[819,141142,1891],{"id":1890},[14,141144,9101,141145,141147],{},[18,141146,60752],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[52,141149,141151],{"className":54,"code":141150,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141152,141153,141163,141177,141199,141225],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141154,141155,141157,141159,141161],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141156,127],{"class":126},[61,141158,113],{"class":75},[61,141160,1056],{"class":116},[61,141162,120],{"class":75},[61,141164,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141166,127],{"class":126},[61,141168,113],{"class":75},[61,141170,1056],{"class":116},[61,141172,26],{"class":75},[61,141174,34691],{"class":116},[61,141176,7424],{"class":75},[61,141178,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141180,127],{"class":126},[61,141182,113],{"class":75},[61,141184,1056],{"class":116},[61,141186,26],{"class":75},[61,141188,34691],{"class":116},[61,141190,113],{"class":75},[61,141192,299],{"class":214},[61,141194,83],{"class":218},[61,141196,299],{"class":214},[61,141198,480],{"class":75},[61,141200,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141202,127],{"class":126},[61,141204,113],{"class":75},[61,141206,1948],{"class":126},[61,141208,113],{"class":75},[61,141210,1056],{"class":116},[61,141212,26],{"class":75},[61,141214,34691],{"class":116},[61,141216,113],{"class":75},[61,141218,299],{"class":214},[61,141220,83],{"class":218},[61,141222,299],{"class":214},[61,141224,460],{"class":75},[61,141226,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245,141247,141249],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,141228,127],{"class":126},[61,141230,113],{"class":75},[61,141232,648],{"class":109},[61,141234,113],{"class":75},[61,141236,1056],{"class":116},[61,141238,26],{"class":75},[61,141240,34691],{"class":116},[61,141242,113],{"class":75},[61,141244,299],{"class":214},[61,141246,83],{"class":218},[61,141248,299],{"class":214},[61,141250,460],{"class":75},[14,141252,11390],{},[34,141254,141255,141258,141261,141264],{},[37,141256,141257],{},"what the original string looks like",[37,141259,141260],{},"which separator works",[37,141262,141263],{},"how many items were created",[37,141265,141266],{},"that the result is a list",[47,141268,1987],{"id":1986},[819,141270,5408,141272,4621,141274,2735],{"id":141271},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141273,60752],{},[18,141275,139844],{},[14,141277,141278,141280],{},[18,141279,60752],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141282,141283,141285],{},[18,141284,139844],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[819,141287,12927,141289,124693],{"id":141288},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141290,60752],{},[14,141292,141293,141294,56703],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141295,60752],{},[819,141297,5371,141299,40182],{"id":141298},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141300,139621],{},[14,141302,141303],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[819,141305,141307],{"id":141306},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141309,29282,141310,141312],{},[18,141311,60752],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[47,141314,2144],{"id":2143},[34,141316,141317,141321,141327,141333,141337],{},[37,141318,141319],{},[334,141320,129971],{"href":129049},[37,141322,141323],{},[334,141324,126366,141325,10961],{"href":140583},[18,141326,133448],{},[37,141328,141329],{},[334,141330,126366,141331,10961],{"href":136936},[18,141332,41876],{},[37,141334,141335],{},[334,141336,125121],{"href":51199},[37,141338,141339],{},[334,141340,69476],{"href":69475},[2169,141342,141343],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":141345},[141346,141347,141349,141350,141355,141356,141358,141360,141365,141367,141370,141379],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":139451,"depth":101,"text":141348},"What split() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":139699,"depth":101,"text":141351,"children":141352},"Using split() with no separator",[141353],{"id":139839,"depth":123,"text":141354},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140002,"depth":101,"text":140003},{"id":140212,"depth":101,"text":141357},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140413,"depth":101,"text":141359},"What split() returns",{"id":140683,"depth":101,"text":140684,"children":141361},[141362,141363,141364],{"id":140690,"depth":123,"text":140691},{"id":140731,"depth":123,"text":140732},{"id":140785,"depth":123,"text":140786},{"id":140850,"depth":101,"text":141366},"When to use split()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":141368},[141369],{"id":1890,"depth":123,"text":1891},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":141371},[141372,141374,141376,141378],{"id":141271,"depth":123,"text":141373},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141288,"depth":123,"text":141375},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141298,"depth":123,"text":141377},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141306,"depth":123,"text":141307},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139360,"description":141380},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141387,"title":141388,"body":141389,"description":143332,"extension":2216,"meta":143333,"navigation":271,"path":143334,"seo":143335,"stem":143336,"__hash__":143337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141390,"toc":143291},[141391,141396,141401,141408,141481,141486,141491,141496,141512,141514,141584,141586,141588,141608,141610,141655,141660,141662,141760,141765,141769,141774,141778,141781,141823,141827,141830,141875,141879,141882,141932,141936,141941,141993,141995,142000,142011,142016,142096,142098,142110,142119,142126,142141,142143,142258,142264,142268,142271,142276,142418,142421,142428,142430,142434,142442,142511,142517,142566,142571,142576,142578,142598,142600,142666,142668,142672,142675,142679,142720,142722,142755,142760,142763,142790,142792,142835,142842,142847,142857,142923,142927,142935,142940,142991,142995,142998,143000,143009,143011,143061,143063,143170,143172,143177,143184,143190,143193,143224,143229,143231,143238,143246,143255,143258,143260,143288],[10,141392,123366,141394,11542],{"id":141393},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141395,127734],{},[14,141397,123371,141398,141400],{},[18,141399,127734],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141402,126432,141403,1881,141405,141407],{},[18,141404,3837],{},[18,141406,3907],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[52,141409,141411],{"className":54,"code":141410,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141412,141413,141426,141430,141455],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141414,141415,141417,141419,141421,141424],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141416,1033],{"class":67},[61,141418,72],{"class":71},[61,141420,226],{"class":214},[61,141422,141423],{"class":218},"Python Beginner Help",[61,141425,1043],{"class":214},[61,141427,141428],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141429,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141433,127],{"class":126},[61,141435,113],{"class":75},[61,141437,1056],{"class":116},[61,141439,26],{"class":75},[61,141441,141442],{"class":116},"startswith",[61,141444,113],{"class":75},[61,141446,215],{"class":214},[61,141448,7527],{"class":218},[61,141450,215],{"class":214},[61,141452,5590],{"class":75},[61,141454,44079],{"class":3896},[61,141456,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141474,141476,141478],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141458,127],{"class":126},[61,141460,113],{"class":75},[61,141462,1056],{"class":116},[61,141464,26],{"class":75},[61,141466,141442],{"class":116},[61,141468,113],{"class":75},[61,141470,215],{"class":214},[61,141472,141473],{"class":218},"Beginner",[61,141475,215],{"class":214},[61,141477,5590],{"class":75},[61,141479,141480],{"class":3896}," # False\n",[14,141482,165,141483,141485],{},[18,141484,127734],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[47,141487,3911,141489,3914],{"id":141488},"what-startswith-does",[18,141490,127734],{},[14,141492,141493,141495],{},[18,141494,127734],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[34,141497,141498,141501,141507,141509],{},[37,141499,141500],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[37,141502,5377,141503,1881,141505],{},[18,141504,3837],{},[18,141506,3907],{},[37,141508,123509],{},[37,141510,141511],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141513,197],{},[52,141515,141517],{"className":54,"code":141516,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141518,141519,141531,141535,141560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141522,8106],{"class":67},[61,141524,72],{"class":71},[61,141526,226],{"class":214},[61,141528,7527],{"class":218},[61,141530,1043],{"class":214},[61,141532,141533],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141534,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141554,141556,141558],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141538,127],{"class":126},[61,141540,113],{"class":75},[61,141542,7899],{"class":116},[61,141544,26],{"class":75},[61,141546,141442],{"class":116},[61,141548,113],{"class":75},[61,141550,215],{"class":214},[61,141552,141553],{"class":218},"Py",[61,141555,215],{"class":214},[61,141557,5590],{"class":75},[61,141559,44079],{"class":3896},[61,141561,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141563,127],{"class":126},[61,141565,113],{"class":75},[61,141567,7899],{"class":116},[61,141569,26],{"class":75},[61,141571,141442],{"class":116},[61,141573,113],{"class":75},[61,141575,215],{"class":214},[61,141577,128812],{"class":218},[61,141579,215],{"class":214},[61,141581,5590],{"class":75},[61,141583,44096],{"class":3896},[47,141585,341],{"id":340},[14,141587,42608],{},[52,141589,141591],{"className":54,"code":141590,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141592,141593],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141594,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141606],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141596,389],{"class":67},[61,141598,26],{"class":75},[61,141600,141442],{"class":116},[61,141602,113],{"class":75},[61,141604,141605],{"class":116},"prefix",[61,141607,120],{"class":75},[14,141609,30984],{},[52,141611,141613],{"className":54,"code":141612,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141614,141615,141633],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141616,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141618,389],{"class":67},[61,141620,26],{"class":75},[61,141622,141442],{"class":116},[61,141624,113],{"class":75},[61,141626,141605],{"class":116},[61,141628,83],{"class":75},[61,141630,36273],{"class":116},[61,141632,120],{"class":75},[61,141634,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141636,389],{"class":67},[61,141638,26],{"class":75},[61,141640,141442],{"class":116},[61,141642,113],{"class":75},[61,141644,141605],{"class":116},[61,141646,83],{"class":75},[61,141648,36273],{"class":116},[61,141650,83],{"class":75},[61,141652,65258],{"class":116},[61,141654,120],{"class":75},[14,141656,20991,141657,141659],{},[18,141658,141605],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141661,197],{},[52,141663,141665],{"className":54,"code":141664,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141666,141667,141679,141683,141708,141732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141668,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141670,1033],{"class":67},[61,141672,72],{"class":71},[61,141674,226],{"class":214},[61,141676,60631],{"class":218},[61,141678,1043],{"class":214},[61,141680,141681],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141682,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,141686,127],{"class":126},[61,141688,113],{"class":75},[61,141690,1056],{"class":116},[61,141692,26],{"class":75},[61,141694,141442],{"class":116},[61,141696,113],{"class":75},[61,141698,215],{"class":214},[61,141700,475],{"class":218},[61,141702,215],{"class":214},[61,141704,5590],{"class":75},[61,141706,141707],{"class":3896},"      # True\n",[61,141709,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,141711,127],{"class":126},[61,141713,113],{"class":75},[61,141715,1056],{"class":116},[61,141717,26],{"class":75},[61,141719,141442],{"class":116},[61,141721,113],{"class":75},[61,141723,215],{"class":214},[61,141725,60812],{"class":218},[61,141727,215],{"class":214},[61,141729,5590],{"class":75},[61,141731,21420],{"class":3896},[61,141733,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,141735,127],{"class":126},[61,141737,113],{"class":75},[61,141739,1056],{"class":116},[61,141741,26],{"class":75},[61,141743,141442],{"class":116},[61,141745,113],{"class":75},[61,141747,215],{"class":214},[61,141749,60812],{"class":218},[61,141751,215],{"class":214},[61,141753,83],{"class":75},[61,141755,37865],{"class":79},[61,141757,5590],{"class":75},[61,141759,44079],{"class":3896},[14,141761,141762,141763,26],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[334,141764,125121],{"href":51199},[47,141766,141768],{"id":141767},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141770,141771,141773],{},[18,141772,127734],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[819,141775,141776],{"id":141605},[18,141777,141605],{},[14,141779,141780],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[52,141782,141784],{"className":54,"code":141783,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141785,141786,141798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141787,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141789,1033],{"class":67},[61,141791,72],{"class":71},[61,141793,226],{"class":214},[61,141795,1040],{"class":218},[61,141797,1043],{"class":214},[61,141799,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141817,141819,141821],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141801,127],{"class":126},[61,141803,113],{"class":75},[61,141805,1056],{"class":116},[61,141807,26],{"class":75},[61,141809,141442],{"class":116},[61,141811,113],{"class":75},[61,141813,215],{"class":214},[61,141815,141816],{"class":218},"ban",[61,141818,215],{"class":214},[61,141820,5590],{"class":75},[61,141822,3897],{"class":3896},[819,141824,141825],{"id":36294},[18,141826,36294],{},[14,141828,141829],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[52,141831,141833],{"className":54,"code":141832,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141834,141835,141847],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141836,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141838,1033],{"class":67},[61,141840,72],{"class":71},[61,141842,226],{"class":214},[61,141844,60631],{"class":218},[61,141846,1043],{"class":214},[61,141848,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141850,127],{"class":126},[61,141852,113],{"class":75},[61,141854,1056],{"class":116},[61,141856,26],{"class":75},[61,141858,141442],{"class":116},[61,141860,113],{"class":75},[61,141862,215],{"class":214},[61,141864,60812],{"class":218},[61,141866,215],{"class":214},[61,141868,83],{"class":75},[61,141870,37865],{"class":79},[61,141872,5590],{"class":75},[61,141874,3897],{"class":3896},[819,141876,141877],{"id":52884},[18,141878,52884],{},[14,141880,141881],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[52,141883,141885],{"className":54,"code":141884,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141886,141887,141899],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141888,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141890,1033],{"class":67},[61,141892,72],{"class":71},[61,141894,226],{"class":214},[61,141896,60631],{"class":218},[61,141898,1043],{"class":214},[61,141900,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141902,127],{"class":126},[61,141904,113],{"class":75},[61,141906,1056],{"class":116},[61,141908,26],{"class":75},[61,141910,141442],{"class":116},[61,141912,113],{"class":75},[61,141914,215],{"class":214},[61,141916,141917],{"class":218},"wor",[61,141919,215],{"class":214},[61,141921,83],{"class":75},[61,141923,37865],{"class":79},[61,141925,83],{"class":75},[61,141927,54360],{"class":79},[61,141929,5590],{"class":75},[61,141931,3897],{"class":3896},[819,141933,141935],{"id":141934},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141937,141938,141940],{},[18,141939,141605],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[52,141942,141944],{"className":54,"code":141943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141945,141946,141959],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,141947,141948,141950,141952,141954,141957],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,141949,126449],{"class":67},[61,141951,72],{"class":71},[61,141953,226],{"class":214},[61,141955,141956],{"class":218},"img_001.png",[61,141958,1043],{"class":214},[61,141960,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141978,141980,141982,141984,141987,141989,141991],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,141962,127],{"class":126},[61,141964,113],{"class":75},[61,141966,126467],{"class":116},[61,141968,26],{"class":75},[61,141970,141442],{"class":116},[61,141972,444],{"class":75},[61,141974,215],{"class":214},[61,141976,141977],{"class":218},"img_",[61,141979,215],{"class":214},[61,141981,83],{"class":75},[61,141983,226],{"class":214},[61,141985,141986],{"class":218},"photo_",[61,141988,215],{"class":214},[61,141990,51315],{"class":75},[61,141992,3897],{"class":3896},[47,141994,17640],{"id":17639},[14,141996,141997,141999],{},[18,141998,127734],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[34,142001,142002,142007],{},[37,142003,142004,142006],{},[18,142005,3837],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[37,142008,142009,127051],{},[18,142010,3907],{},[14,142012,142013,142014,7402],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,142015,7227],{},[52,142017,142019],{"className":54,"code":142018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,142020,142021,142035,142039,142060,142075,142081],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142022,142023,142026,142028,142030,142033],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142024,142025],{"class":67},"command ",[61,142027,72],{"class":71},[61,142029,226],{"class":214},[61,142031,142032],{"class":218},"\u002Fhelp",[61,142034,1043],{"class":214},[61,142036,142037],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142038,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142040,142041,142043,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142042,7227],{"class":1490},[61,142044,142045],{"class":67}," command",[61,142047,26],{"class":75},[61,142049,141442],{"class":116},[61,142051,113],{"class":75},[61,142053,215],{"class":214},[61,142055,127258],{"class":218},[61,142057,215],{"class":214},[61,142059,8572],{"class":75},[61,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142071,142073],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142063,8299],{"class":126},[61,142065,113],{"class":75},[61,142067,215],{"class":214},[61,142069,142070],{"class":218},"This looks like a command.",[61,142072,215],{"class":214},[61,142074,120],{"class":75},[61,142076,142077,142079],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,142078,27655],{"class":1490},[61,142080,6621],{"class":75},[61,142082,142083,142085,142087,142089,142092,142094],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,142084,8299],{"class":126},[61,142086,113],{"class":75},[61,142088,215],{"class":214},[61,142090,142091],{"class":218},"This is normal text.",[61,142093,215],{"class":214},[61,142095,120],{"class":75},[14,142097,139],{},[52,142099,142101],{"className":54,"code":142100,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142102,142103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142104,142105,142108],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142106,142107],{"class":67},"This looks like a command",[61,142109,122398],{"class":75},[47,142111,1750,142113,1877,142115,4621,142117],{"id":142112},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142114,127734],{},[18,142116,36294],{},[18,142118,52884],{},[14,142120,2233,142121,4621,142123,142125],{},[18,142122,36294],{},[18,142124,52884],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[34,142127,142128,142133,142138],{},[37,142129,142130,142132],{},[18,142131,36294],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[37,142134,142135,142137],{},[18,142136,52884],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[37,142139,142140],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142142,197],{},[52,142144,142146],{"className":54,"code":142145,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142147,142148,142160,142164,142193,142226],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142149,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142151,1033],{"class":67},[61,142153,72],{"class":71},[61,142155,226],{"class":214},[61,142157,139645],{"class":218},[61,142159,1043],{"class":214},[61,142161,142162],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142163,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142165,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142167,127],{"class":126},[61,142169,113],{"class":75},[61,142171,1056],{"class":116},[61,142173,26],{"class":75},[61,142175,141442],{"class":116},[61,142177,113],{"class":75},[61,142179,215],{"class":214},[61,142181,79486],{"class":218},[61,142183,215],{"class":214},[61,142185,83],{"class":75},[61,142187,1178],{"class":79},[61,142189,5590],{"class":75},[61,142191,142192],{"class":3896},"        # True\n",[61,142194,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142222,142224],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142196,127],{"class":126},[61,142198,113],{"class":75},[61,142200,1056],{"class":116},[61,142202,26],{"class":75},[61,142204,141442],{"class":116},[61,142206,113],{"class":75},[61,142208,215],{"class":214},[61,142210,134252],{"class":218},[61,142212,215],{"class":214},[61,142214,83],{"class":75},[61,142216,6587],{"class":79},[61,142218,83],{"class":75},[61,142220,142221],{"class":79}," 13",[61,142223,5590],{"class":75},[61,142225,3897],{"class":3896},[61,142227,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,142229,127],{"class":126},[61,142231,113],{"class":75},[61,142233,1056],{"class":116},[61,142235,26],{"class":75},[61,142237,141442],{"class":116},[61,142239,113],{"class":75},[61,142241,215],{"class":214},[61,142243,134252],{"class":218},[61,142245,215],{"class":214},[61,142247,83],{"class":75},[61,142249,6587],{"class":79},[61,142251,83],{"class":75},[61,142253,31163],{"class":79},[61,142255,5590],{"class":75},[61,142257,4999],{"class":3896},[14,142259,142260,142261,142263],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142262,52884],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[47,142265,142267],{"id":142266},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142269,142270],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142272,142273,142274,49571],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142275,41059],{},[52,142277,142279],{"className":54,"code":142278,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142280,142281,142295,142309,142323,142327,142351,142355,142376,142397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142282,142283,142286,142288,142290,142293],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142284,142285],{"class":67},"filename1 ",[61,142287,72],{"class":71},[61,142289,226],{"class":214},[61,142291,142292],{"class":218},"img_101.jpg",[61,142294,1043],{"class":214},[61,142296,142297,142300,142302,142304,142307],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142298,142299],{"class":67},"filename2 ",[61,142301,72],{"class":71},[61,142303,226],{"class":214},[61,142305,142306],{"class":218},"photo_202.jpg",[61,142308,1043],{"class":214},[61,142310,142311,142314,142316,142318,142321],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142312,142313],{"class":67},"filename3 ",[61,142315,72],{"class":71},[61,142317,226],{"class":214},[61,142319,142320],{"class":218},"doc_303.jpg",[61,142322,1043],{"class":214},[61,142324,142325],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142326,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142328,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,142330,127661],{"class":67},[61,142332,72],{"class":71},[61,142334,942],{"class":75},[61,142336,215],{"class":214},[61,142338,141977],{"class":218},[61,142340,215],{"class":214},[61,142342,83],{"class":75},[61,142344,226],{"class":214},[61,142346,141986],{"class":218},[61,142348,215],{"class":214},[61,142350,120],{"class":75},[61,142352,142353],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,142354,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142356,142357,142359,142361,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,142358,127],{"class":126},[61,142360,113],{"class":75},[61,142362,142363],{"class":116},"filename1",[61,142365,26],{"class":75},[61,142367,141442],{"class":116},[61,142369,113],{"class":75},[61,142371,127713],{"class":116},[61,142373,5590],{"class":75},[61,142375,3897],{"class":3896},[61,142377,142378,142380,142382,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,142379,127],{"class":126},[61,142381,113],{"class":75},[61,142383,142384],{"class":116},"filename2",[61,142386,26],{"class":75},[61,142388,141442],{"class":116},[61,142390,113],{"class":75},[61,142392,127713],{"class":116},[61,142394,5590],{"class":75},[61,142396,3897],{"class":3896},[61,142398,142399,142401,142403,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,142400,127],{"class":126},[61,142402,113],{"class":75},[61,142404,142405],{"class":116},"filename3",[61,142407,26],{"class":75},[61,142409,141442],{"class":116},[61,142411,113],{"class":75},[61,142413,127713],{"class":116},[61,142415,5590],{"class":75},[61,142417,4999],{"class":3896},[14,142419,142420],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142422,74989,142423,142427],{},[334,142424,126366,142425,10961],{"href":129960},[18,142426,126424],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[47,142429,124013],{"id":124012},[14,142431,142432,123824],{},[18,142433,127734],{},[14,142435,127411,142436,4621,142439,127418],{},[18,142437,142438],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142440,142441],{},"\"python\"",[52,142443,142445],{"className":54,"code":142444,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142446,142447,142459,142463,142487],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142448,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142450,1033],{"class":67},[61,142452,72],{"class":71},[61,142454,226],{"class":214},[61,142456,7527],{"class":218},[61,142458,1043],{"class":214},[61,142460,142461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142462,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142464,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142466,127],{"class":126},[61,142468,113],{"class":75},[61,142470,1056],{"class":116},[61,142472,26],{"class":75},[61,142474,141442],{"class":116},[61,142476,113],{"class":75},[61,142478,215],{"class":214},[61,142480,141553],{"class":218},[61,142482,215],{"class":214},[61,142484,5590],{"class":75},[61,142486,3897],{"class":3896},[61,142488,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142490,127],{"class":126},[61,142492,113],{"class":75},[61,142494,1056],{"class":116},[61,142496,26],{"class":75},[61,142498,141442],{"class":116},[61,142500,113],{"class":75},[61,142502,215],{"class":214},[61,142504,128812],{"class":218},[61,142506,215],{"class":214},[61,142508,5590],{"class":75},[61,142510,4999],{"class":3896},[14,142512,127503,142513,26],{},[334,142514,142515],{"href":124093},[18,142516,124096],{},[52,142518,142520],{"className":54,"code":142519,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142521,142522,142534,142538],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142523,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142525,1033],{"class":67},[61,142527,72],{"class":71},[61,142529,226],{"class":214},[61,142531,7527],{"class":218},[61,142533,1043],{"class":214},[61,142535,142536],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142537,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142539,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142541,127],{"class":126},[61,142543,113],{"class":75},[61,142545,1056],{"class":116},[61,142547,26],{"class":75},[61,142549,8870],{"class":116},[61,142551,8867],{"class":75},[61,142553,141442],{"class":116},[61,142555,113],{"class":75},[61,142557,215],{"class":214},[61,142559,128812],{"class":218},[61,142561,215],{"class":214},[61,142563,5590],{"class":75},[61,142565,3897],{"class":3896},[47,142567,5189,142569],{"id":142568},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142570,127734],{},[14,142572,142573,142575],{},[18,142574,127734],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142577,9595],{},[34,142579,142580,142583,142586,142595],{},[37,142581,142582],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[37,142584,142585],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[37,142587,142588,142589,1881,142592],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142590,142591],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142593,142594],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[37,142596,142597],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142599,197],{},[52,142601,142603],{"className":54,"code":142602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142604,142605,142618,142622,142651],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142606,142607,142609,142611,142613,142616],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142608,127229],{"class":67},[61,142610,72],{"class":71},[61,142612,226],{"class":214},[61,142614,142615],{"class":218},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[61,142617,1043],{"class":214},[61,142619,142620],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142621,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142623,142624,142626,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142625,7227],{"class":1490},[61,142627,142628],{"class":67}," url",[61,142630,26],{"class":75},[61,142632,141442],{"class":116},[61,142634,444],{"class":75},[61,142636,215],{"class":214},[61,142638,142591],{"class":218},[61,142640,215],{"class":214},[61,142642,83],{"class":75},[61,142644,226],{"class":214},[61,142646,142594],{"class":218},[61,142648,215],{"class":214},[61,142650,69780],{"class":75},[61,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142662,142664],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142654,8299],{"class":126},[61,142656,113],{"class":75},[61,142658,215],{"class":214},[61,142660,142661],{"class":218},"This looks like a web URL.",[61,142663,215],{"class":214},[61,142665,120],{"class":75},[47,142667,1741],{"id":1740},[14,142669,23315,142670,26],{},[18,142671,127734],{},[819,142673,138806],{"id":142674},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142676,142677,123824],{},[18,142678,127734],{},[52,142680,142682],{"className":54,"code":142681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142683,142684,142696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142685,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142687,1033],{"class":67},[61,142689,72],{"class":71},[61,142691,226],{"class":214},[61,142693,7527],{"class":218},[61,142695,1043],{"class":214},[61,142697,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142699,127],{"class":126},[61,142701,113],{"class":75},[61,142703,1056],{"class":116},[61,142705,26],{"class":75},[61,142707,141442],{"class":116},[61,142709,113],{"class":75},[61,142711,215],{"class":214},[61,142713,56],{"class":218},[61,142715,215],{"class":214},[61,142717,5590],{"class":75},[61,142719,4999],{"class":3896},[14,142721,39483],{},[52,142723,142725],{"className":54,"code":142724,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142726,142727],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142728,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142730,127],{"class":126},[61,142732,113],{"class":75},[61,142734,1056],{"class":116},[61,142736,26],{"class":75},[61,142738,8870],{"class":116},[61,142740,8867],{"class":75},[61,142742,141442],{"class":116},[61,142744,113],{"class":75},[61,142746,215],{"class":214},[61,142748,56],{"class":218},[61,142750,215],{"class":214},[61,142752,5590],{"class":75},[61,142754,3897],{"class":3896},[819,142756,29871,142758,137288],{"id":142757},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142759,127734],{},[14,142761,142762],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[52,142764,142766],{"className":54,"code":142765,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142767,142768,142776,142780,142785],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142769,142770,142772,142774],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142771,1766],{"class":67},[61,142773,72],{"class":71},[61,142775,125048],{"class":79},[61,142777,142778],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142779,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142781,142782],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142783,142784],{"class":3896},"# This will cause an error:\n",[61,142786,142787],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142788,142789],{"class":3896},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142791,39483],{},[52,142793,142795],{"className":54,"code":142794,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142796,142797,142811],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142798,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142800,1766],{"class":67},[61,142802,72],{"class":71},[61,142804,49128],{"class":109},[61,142806,113],{"class":75},[61,142808,50469],{"class":79},[61,142810,120],{"class":75},[61,142812,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142814,127],{"class":126},[61,142816,113],{"class":75},[61,142818,1783],{"class":116},[61,142820,26],{"class":75},[61,142822,141442],{"class":116},[61,142824,113],{"class":75},[61,142826,215],{"class":214},[61,142828,80],{"class":218},[61,142830,215],{"class":214},[61,142832,5590],{"class":75},[61,142834,3897],{"class":3896},[819,142836,1874,142838,1877,142840],{"id":142837},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142839,127734],{},[18,142841,1433],{},[14,142843,142844,142846],{},[18,142845,127734],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142848,142849,142850,142852,142853,26],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142851,1433],{}," or methods like ",[334,142854,142855],{"href":124376},[18,142856,124361],{},[52,142858,142860],{"className":54,"code":142859,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142861,142862,142874,142878,142902],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142863,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142865,1033],{"class":67},[61,142867,72],{"class":71},[61,142869,226],{"class":214},[61,142871,60631],{"class":218},[61,142873,1043],{"class":214},[61,142875,142876],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142877,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142879,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142881,127],{"class":126},[61,142883,113],{"class":75},[61,142885,1056],{"class":116},[61,142887,26],{"class":75},[61,142889,141442],{"class":116},[61,142891,113],{"class":75},[61,142893,215],{"class":214},[61,142895,60812],{"class":218},[61,142897,215],{"class":214},[61,142899,5590],{"class":75},[61,142901,4999],{"class":3896},[61,142903,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,142905,127],{"class":126},[61,142907,113],{"class":75},[61,142909,215],{"class":214},[61,142911,60812],{"class":218},[61,142913,215],{"class":214},[61,142915,1491],{"class":1490},[61,142917,43065],{"class":116},[61,142919,3893],{"class":75},[61,142921,142922],{"class":3896},"           # True\n",[14,142924,135840,142925,26],{},[334,142926,127402],{"href":123621},[819,142928,4932,142930,4621,142932,142934],{"id":142929},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142931,36294],{},[18,142933,52884],{}," use index positions",[14,142936,142937,142938,26],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142939,582],{},[52,142941,142943],{"className":54,"code":142942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142944,142945,142958,142962],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,142946,142947,142949,142951,142953,142956],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,142948,1033],{"class":67},[61,142950,72],{"class":71},[61,142952,226],{"class":214},[61,142954,142955],{"class":218},"abcdef",[61,142957,1043],{"class":214},[61,142959,142960],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,142961,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,142963,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,142965,127],{"class":126},[61,142967,113],{"class":75},[61,142969,1056],{"class":116},[61,142971,26],{"class":75},[61,142973,141442],{"class":116},[61,142975,113],{"class":75},[61,142977,215],{"class":214},[61,142979,142980],{"class":218},"cd",[61,142982,215],{"class":214},[61,142984,83],{"class":75},[61,142986,86],{"class":79},[61,142988,5590],{"class":75},[61,142990,3897],{"class":3896},[819,142992,142994],{"id":142993},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142996,142997],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142999,16864],{},[52,143001,143003],{"className":54,"code":143002,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,143004,143005],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143006,143007],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143008,143002],{"class":3896},[14,143010,16876],{},[52,143012,143014],{"className":54,"code":143013,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,143015,143016,143028],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143017,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143019,1033],{"class":67},[61,143021,72],{"class":71},[61,143023,226],{"class":214},[61,143025,7527],{"class":218},[61,143027,1043],{"class":214},[61,143029,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143055,143057,143059],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143031,127],{"class":126},[61,143033,113],{"class":75},[61,143035,1056],{"class":116},[61,143037,26],{"class":75},[61,143039,141442],{"class":116},[61,143041,444],{"class":75},[61,143043,215],{"class":214},[61,143045,141553],{"class":218},[61,143047,215],{"class":214},[61,143049,83],{"class":75},[61,143051,226],{"class":214},[61,143053,143054],{"class":218},"Ja",[61,143056,215],{"class":214},[61,143058,51315],{"class":75},[61,143060,3897],{"class":3896},[14,143062,32303],{},[52,143064,143066],{"className":54,"code":143065,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143067,143068,143078,143092,143114,143140],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143069,143070,143072,143074,143076],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143071,127],{"class":126},[61,143073,113],{"class":75},[61,143075,1056],{"class":116},[61,143077,120],{"class":75},[61,143079,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143081,127],{"class":126},[61,143083,113],{"class":75},[61,143085,648],{"class":109},[61,143087,113],{"class":75},[61,143089,1056],{"class":116},[61,143091,480],{"class":75},[61,143093,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143095,127],{"class":126},[61,143097,113],{"class":75},[61,143099,1056],{"class":116},[61,143101,26],{"class":75},[61,143103,141442],{"class":116},[61,143105,113],{"class":75},[61,143107,215],{"class":214},[61,143109,141553],{"class":218},[61,143111,215],{"class":214},[61,143113,480],{"class":75},[61,143115,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,143117,127],{"class":126},[61,143119,113],{"class":75},[61,143121,1056],{"class":116},[61,143123,26],{"class":75},[61,143125,8870],{"class":116},[61,143127,8867],{"class":75},[61,143129,141442],{"class":116},[61,143131,113],{"class":75},[61,143133,215],{"class":214},[61,143135,128812],{"class":218},[61,143137,215],{"class":214},[61,143139,480],{"class":75},[61,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,143143,127],{"class":126},[61,143145,113],{"class":75},[61,143147,1056],{"class":116},[61,143149,26],{"class":75},[61,143151,141442],{"class":116},[61,143153,444],{"class":75},[61,143155,215],{"class":214},[61,143157,141553],{"class":218},[61,143159,215],{"class":214},[61,143161,83],{"class":75},[61,143163,226],{"class":214},[61,143165,143054],{"class":218},[61,143167,215],{"class":214},[61,143169,460],{"class":75},[47,143171,1987],{"id":1986},[819,143173,12927,143175,128212],{"id":143174},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143176,127734],{},[14,143178,143179,143180,1881,143182,26],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143181,3837],{},[18,143183,3907],{},[819,143185,5398,143187,143189],{"id":143186},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143188,127734],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143191,143192],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[52,143194,143196],{"className":54,"code":143195,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143197,143198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143199,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143201,1056],{"class":67},[61,143203,26],{"class":75},[61,143205,141442],{"class":116},[61,143207,444],{"class":75},[61,143209,215],{"class":214},[61,143211,334],{"class":218},[61,143213,215],{"class":214},[61,143215,83],{"class":75},[61,143217,226],{"class":214},[61,143219,765],{"class":218},[61,143221,215],{"class":214},[61,143223,480],{"class":75},[819,143225,15124,143227,124702],{"id":143226},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143228,127734],{},[14,143230,129895],{},[819,143232,5408,143234,4621,143236,2735],{"id":143233},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143235,127734],{},[18,143237,1433],{},[14,143239,143240,143242,143243,143245],{},[18,143241,127734],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143244,1433],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[819,143247,28550,143249,4621,143251,1877,143253,2735],{"id":143248},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143250,36294],{},[18,143252,52884],{},[18,143254,127734],{},[14,143256,143257],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[47,143259,2144],{"id":2143},[34,143261,143262,143268,143274,143280,143284],{},[37,143263,143264],{},[334,143265,126366,143266,10961],{"href":129960},[18,143267,126424],{},[37,143269,143270],{},[334,143271,126366,143272,10961],{"href":124376},[18,143273,124361],{},[37,143275,143276],{},[334,143277,126366,143278,10961],{"href":124093},[18,143279,124096],{},[37,143281,143282],{},[334,143283,124765],{"href":123621},[37,143285,143286],{},[334,143287,125121],{"href":51199},[2169,143289,143290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":143292},[143293,143295,143296,143302,143303,143305,143306,143307,143309,143319,143331],{"id":141488,"depth":101,"text":143294},"What startswith() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":141767,"depth":101,"text":141768,"children":143297},[143298,143299,143300,143301],{"id":141605,"depth":123,"text":141605},{"id":36294,"depth":123,"text":36294},{"id":52884,"depth":123,"text":52884},{"id":141934,"depth":123,"text":141935},{"id":17639,"depth":101,"text":17640},{"id":142112,"depth":101,"text":143304},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142266,"depth":101,"text":142267},{"id":124012,"depth":101,"text":124013},{"id":142568,"depth":101,"text":143308},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":143310},[143311,143312,143314,143316,143318],{"id":142674,"depth":123,"text":138806},{"id":142757,"depth":123,"text":143313},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142837,"depth":123,"text":143315},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142929,"depth":123,"text":143317},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142993,"depth":123,"text":142994},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":143320},[143321,143323,143325,143327,143329],{"id":143174,"depth":123,"text":143322},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143186,"depth":123,"text":143324},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143226,"depth":123,"text":143326},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143233,"depth":123,"text":143328},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143248,"depth":123,"text":143330},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141388,"description":143332},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143339,"title":143340,"body":143341,"description":144795,"extension":2216,"meta":144796,"navigation":271,"path":144797,"seo":144798,"stem":144799,"__hash__":144800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143342,"toc":144765},[143343,143348,143353,143356,143358,143402,143404,143412,143417,143422,143427,143429,143447,143449,143495,143497,143511,143520,143524,143526,143528,143540,143545,143548,143580,143582,143591,143596,143599,143640,143642,143650,143652,143665,143671,143675,143678,143694,143696,143745,143747,143756,143759,143818,143820,143829,143836,143839,143892,143894,143918,143925,143931,143935,143941,143944,143955,143957,143997,143999,144007,144009,144049,144051,144060,144062,144080,144083,144090,144101,144104,144121,144123,144200,144202,144233,144236,144238,144241,144267,144269,144309,144311,144320,144330,144338,144346,144351,144356,144358,144372,144374,144425,144427,144436,144446,144448,144450,144472,144475,144554,144556,144592,144595,144670,144675,144677,144683,144688,144693,144696,144702,144705,144712,144720,144724,144732,144734,144762],[10,143344,123366,143346,11542],{"id":143345},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143347,41876],{},[14,143349,32538,143350,143352],{},[18,143351,41876],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143354,143355],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[47,143357,3842],{"id":3841},[52,143359,143361],{"className":54,"code":143360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143362,143363,143376,143391],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143364,143365,143367,143369,143371,143374],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143366,1033],{"class":67},[61,143368,72],{"class":71},[61,143370,226],{"class":214},[61,143372,143373],{"class":218},"  hello  ",[61,143375,1043],{"class":214},[61,143377,143378,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143379,143380],{"class":67},"clean_text ",[61,143382,72],{"class":71},[61,143384,43065],{"class":67},[61,143386,26],{"class":75},[61,143388,8864],{"class":116},[61,143390,628],{"class":75},[61,143392,143393,143395,143397,143400],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143394,127],{"class":126},[61,143396,113],{"class":75},[61,143398,143399],{"class":116},"clean_text",[61,143401,120],{"class":75},[14,143403,139],{},[52,143405,143406],{"className":54,"code":138681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,143407,143408],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143409,143410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143411,138681],{"class":67},[14,143413,165,143414,143416],{},[18,143415,41876],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[47,143418,3911,143420,3914],{"id":143419},"what-strip-does",[18,143421,41876],{},[14,143423,143424,143426],{},[18,143425,41876],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143428,13276],{},[34,143430,143431,143435,143438,143441,143444],{},[37,143432,143433,131716],{},[18,143434,41876],{},[37,143436,143437],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[37,143439,143440],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[37,143442,143443],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[37,143445,143446],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143448,197],{},[52,143450,143452],{"className":54,"code":143451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143453,143454,143467,143471,143485],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143455,143456,143458,143460,143462,143465],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143457,1033],{"class":67},[61,143459,72],{"class":71},[61,143461,226],{"class":214},[61,143463,143464],{"class":218},"  hello world  ",[61,143466,1043],{"class":214},[61,143468,143469],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143470,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,143472,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143474,127],{"class":126},[61,143476,113],{"class":75},[61,143478,1056],{"class":116},[61,143480,26],{"class":75},[61,143482,8864],{"class":116},[61,143484,7424],{"class":75},[61,143486,143487,143489,143491,143493],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,143488,127],{"class":126},[61,143490,113],{"class":75},[61,143492,1056],{"class":116},[61,143494,120],{"class":75},[14,143496,139],{},[52,143498,143500],{"className":54,"code":143499,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143501,143502,143506],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143503,143504],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143505,134382],{"class":67},[61,143507,143508],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143509,143510],{"class":67},"  hello world\n",[14,143512,143513,143514,143516,143517,143519],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143515,41876],{},", but the original ",[18,143518,1056],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143521,125118,143522,26],{},[334,143523,125121],{"href":51199},[47,143525,341],{"id":340},[14,143527,26708],{},[34,143529,143530,143535],{},[37,143531,143532],{},[18,143533,143534],{},"string.strip()",[37,143536,143537],{},[18,143538,143539],{},"string.strip(chars)",[819,143541,143543],{"id":143542},"stringstrip",[18,143544,143534],{},[14,143546,143547],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[52,143549,143551],{"className":54,"code":143550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143552,143553,143566],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143554,143555,143557,143559,143561,143564],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143556,8106],{"class":67},[61,143558,72],{"class":71},[61,143560,226],{"class":214},[61,143562,143563],{"class":218},"  Alice  ",[61,143565,1043],{"class":214},[61,143567,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143569,127],{"class":126},[61,143571,113],{"class":75},[61,143573,7899],{"class":116},[61,143575,26],{"class":75},[61,143577,8864],{"class":116},[61,143579,7424],{"class":75},[14,143581,139],{},[52,143583,143585],{"className":54,"code":143584,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Alice\n",[18,143586,143587],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143588,143589],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143590,143584],{"class":67},[819,143592,143594],{"id":143593},"stringstripchars",[18,143595,143539],{},[14,143597,143598],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[52,143600,143602],{"className":54,"code":143601,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143603,143604,143617],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143605,143606,143608,143610,143612,143615],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143607,1033],{"class":67},[61,143609,72],{"class":71},[61,143611,226],{"class":214},[61,143613,143614],{"class":218},"!!hello??",[61,143616,1043],{"class":214},[61,143618,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143636,143638],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143620,127],{"class":126},[61,143622,113],{"class":75},[61,143624,1056],{"class":116},[61,143626,26],{"class":75},[61,143628,8864],{"class":116},[61,143630,113],{"class":75},[61,143632,215],{"class":214},[61,143634,143635],{"class":218},"!?",[61,143637,215],{"class":214},[61,143639,480],{"class":75},[14,143641,139],{},[52,143643,143644],{"className":54,"code":138681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,143645,143646],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143647,143648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143649,138681],{"class":67},[14,143651,84036],{},[34,143653,143654,143659],{},[37,143655,143656,143658],{},[18,143657,134625],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[37,143660,143661,143662,143664],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143663,134625],{}," does not matter",[47,143666,143668,143669],{"id":143667},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143670,41876],{},[14,143672,31105,143673,26],{},[18,143674,41876],{},[14,143676,143677],{},"It is useful for:",[34,143679,143680,143685,143688,143691],{},[37,143681,143682,143683,4115],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143684,3197],{},[37,143686,143687],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[37,143689,143690],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[37,143692,143693],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143695,48585],{},[52,143697,143699],{"className":54,"code":143698,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143700,143701,143714,143730,143734],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143712],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143704,8191],{"class":67},[61,143706,72],{"class":71},[61,143708,226],{"class":214},[61,143710,143711],{"class":218},"  sam  ",[61,143713,1043],{"class":214},[61,143715,143716,143719,143721,143724,143726,143728],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143717,143718],{"class":67},"clean_username ",[61,143720,72],{"class":71},[61,143722,143723],{"class":67}," username",[61,143725,26],{"class":75},[61,143727,8864],{"class":116},[61,143729,628],{"class":75},[61,143731,143732],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143733,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,143735,143736,143738,143740,143743],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,143737,127],{"class":126},[61,143739,113],{"class":75},[61,143741,143742],{"class":116},"clean_username",[61,143744,120],{"class":75},[14,143746,139],{},[52,143748,143750],{"className":54,"code":143749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sam\n",[18,143751,143752],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143753,143754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143755,143749],{"class":67},[14,143757,143758],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[52,143760,143762],{"className":54,"code":143761,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143763,143764,143777,143781,143803],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143765,143766,143768,143770,143772,143775],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143767,136609],{"class":67},[61,143769,72],{"class":71},[61,143771,226],{"class":214},[61,143773,143774],{"class":218}," yes  ",[61,143776,1043],{"class":214},[61,143778,143779],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143780,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143784,7227],{"class":1490},[61,143786,136629],{"class":67},[61,143788,26],{"class":75},[61,143790,8864],{"class":116},[61,143792,7596],{"class":75},[61,143794,6636],{"class":71},[61,143796,226],{"class":214},[61,143798,8887],{"class":218},[61,143800,215],{"class":214},[61,143802,6621],{"class":75},[61,143804,143805,143807,143809,143811,143814,143816],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,143806,8299],{"class":126},[61,143808,113],{"class":75},[61,143810,215],{"class":214},[61,143812,143813],{"class":218},"Matched",[61,143815,215],{"class":214},[61,143817,120],{"class":75},[14,143819,139],{},[52,143821,143823],{"className":54,"code":143822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Matched\n",[18,143824,143825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143826,143827],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143828,143822],{"class":67},[14,143830,143831,143832,26],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[334,143833,143835],{"href":143834},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143837,143838],{},"Example with file-style text:",[52,143840,143842],{"className":54,"code":143841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143843,143844,143860,143874],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143845,143846,143849,143851,143853,143856,143858],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143847,143848],{"class":67},"line ",[61,143850,72],{"class":71},[61,143852,226],{"class":214},[61,143854,143855],{"class":218},"Python basics",[61,143857,87368],{"class":34675},[61,143859,1043],{"class":214},[61,143861,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143863,127],{"class":126},[61,143865,113],{"class":75},[61,143867,42002],{"class":126},[61,143869,113],{"class":75},[61,143871,63],{"class":116},[61,143873,480],{"class":75},[61,143875,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,143877,127],{"class":126},[61,143879,113],{"class":75},[61,143881,42002],{"class":126},[61,143883,113],{"class":75},[61,143885,63],{"class":116},[61,143887,26],{"class":75},[61,143889,8864],{"class":116},[61,143891,6517],{"class":75},[14,143893,139],{},[52,143895,143897],{"className":54,"code":143896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143898,143899,143910],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143900,143901,143903,143905,143908],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143902,299],{"class":43552},[61,143904,143855],{"class":43556},[61,143906,87368],{"class":143907},"sfi6f",[61,143909,29921],{"class":43552},[61,143911,143912,143914,143916],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143913,299],{"class":43552},[61,143915,143855],{"class":43556},[61,143917,29921],{"class":43552},[14,143919,1750,143920,143922,143923,26],{},[18,143921,122580],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143924,87368],{},[14,143926,143927,143928,26],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[334,143929,143930],{"href":88021},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[47,143932,143934],{"id":143933},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143936,143937,143938,26],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143939,143940],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143942,143943],{},"Python will:",[34,143945,143946,143949,143952],{},[37,143947,143948],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[37,143950,143951],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[37,143953,143954],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143956,197],{},[52,143958,143960],{"className":54,"code":143959,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143961,143962,143975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,143963,143964,143966,143968,143970,143973],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,143965,1033],{"class":67},[61,143967,72],{"class":71},[61,143969,226],{"class":214},[61,143971,143972],{"class":218},"??hello!!",[61,143974,1043],{"class":214},[61,143976,143977,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991,143993,143995],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,143978,127],{"class":126},[61,143980,113],{"class":75},[61,143982,1056],{"class":116},[61,143984,26],{"class":75},[61,143986,8864],{"class":116},[61,143988,113],{"class":75},[61,143990,215],{"class":214},[61,143992,143635],{"class":218},[61,143994,215],{"class":214},[61,143996,480],{"class":75},[14,143998,139],{},[52,144000,144001],{"className":54,"code":138681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,144002,144003],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144004,144005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144006,138681],{"class":67},[14,144008,52303],{},[52,144010,144012],{"className":54,"code":144011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,144013,144014,144027],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144015,144016,144018,144020,144022,144025],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144017,1033],{"class":67},[61,144019,72],{"class":71},[61,144021,226],{"class":214},[61,144023,144024],{"class":218},"abcHelloCba",[61,144026,1043],{"class":214},[61,144028,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043,144045,144047],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144030,127],{"class":126},[61,144032,113],{"class":75},[61,144034,1056],{"class":116},[61,144036,26],{"class":75},[61,144038,8864],{"class":116},[61,144040,113],{"class":75},[61,144042,215],{"class":214},[61,144044,41783],{"class":218},[61,144046,215],{"class":214},[61,144048,480],{"class":75},[14,144050,139],{},[52,144052,144054],{"className":54,"code":144053,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HelloC\n",[18,144055,144056],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144057,144058],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144059,144053],{"class":67},[14,144061,6463],{},[14,144063,144064,14274,144067,144069,144070,144072,144073,2437,144075,2440,144077,144079],{},[18,144065,144066],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[23,144068,704],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144071,41783],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144074,334],{},[18,144076,765],{},[18,144078,9961],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144081,144082],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144084,144085,144086,6860],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[334,144087,144088],{"href":129947},[18,144089,124537],{},[47,144091,144093,10806,144095,10806,144098],{"id":144092},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144094,41876],{},[18,144096,144097],{},"lstrip()",[18,144099,144100],{},"rstrip()",[14,144102,144103],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[34,144105,144106,144111,144116],{},[37,144107,144108,144110],{},[18,144109,41876],{}," removes from both ends",[37,144112,144113,144115],{},[18,144114,144097],{}," removes from the left side only",[37,144117,144118,144120],{},[18,144119,144100],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144122,197],{},[52,144124,144126],{"className":54,"code":144125,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144127,144128,144140,144144,144162,144181],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144129,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144131,1033],{"class":67},[61,144133,72],{"class":71},[61,144135,226],{"class":214},[61,144137,143373],{"class":218},[61,144139,1043],{"class":214},[61,144141,144142],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144143,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,144145,144146,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144147,127],{"class":126},[61,144149,113],{"class":75},[61,144151,42002],{"class":126},[61,144153,113],{"class":75},[61,144155,1056],{"class":116},[61,144157,26],{"class":75},[61,144159,8864],{"class":116},[61,144161,6517],{"class":75},[61,144163,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172,144174,144176,144179],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144165,127],{"class":126},[61,144167,113],{"class":75},[61,144169,42002],{"class":126},[61,144171,113],{"class":75},[61,144173,1056],{"class":116},[61,144175,26],{"class":75},[61,144177,144178],{"class":116},"lstrip",[61,144180,6517],{"class":75},[61,144182,144183,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195,144198],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,144184,127],{"class":126},[61,144186,113],{"class":75},[61,144188,42002],{"class":126},[61,144190,113],{"class":75},[61,144192,1056],{"class":116},[61,144194,26],{"class":75},[61,144196,144197],{"class":116},"rstrip",[61,144199,6517],{"class":75},[14,144201,139],{},[52,144203,144205],{"className":54,"code":144204,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144206,144207,144215,144224],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144208,144209,144211,144213],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144210,299],{"class":43552},[61,144212,475],{"class":43556},[61,144214,29921],{"class":43552},[61,144216,144217,144219,144222],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144218,299],{"class":43552},[61,144220,144221],{"class":43556},"hello  ",[61,144223,29921],{"class":43552},[61,144225,144226,144228,144231],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144227,299],{"class":43552},[61,144229,144230],{"class":43556},"  hello",[61,144232,29921],{"class":43552},[14,144234,144235],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[47,144237,108374],{"id":108373},[14,144239,144240],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[34,144242,144243,144251,144261,144264],{},[37,144244,144245,144247,144248,144250],{},[18,144246,144066],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144249,41752],{}," once",[37,144252,144253,144254,2437,144256,2440,144258,144260],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144255,334],{},[18,144257,765],{},[18,144259,9961],{}," from both ends",[37,144262,144263],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[37,144265,144266],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144268,197],{},[52,144270,144272],{"className":54,"code":144271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144273,144274,144287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144275,144276,144278,144280,144282,144285],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144277,126449],{"class":67},[61,144279,72],{"class":71},[61,144281,226],{"class":214},[61,144283,144284],{"class":218},"txt_report.txt",[61,144286,1043],{"class":214},[61,144288,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144290,127],{"class":126},[61,144292,113],{"class":75},[61,144294,126467],{"class":116},[61,144296,26],{"class":75},[61,144298,8864],{"class":116},[61,144300,113],{"class":75},[61,144302,215],{"class":214},[61,144304,126502],{"class":218},[61,144306,215],{"class":214},[61,144308,480],{"class":75},[14,144310,139],{},[52,144312,144314],{"className":54,"code":144313,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"_report\n",[18,144315,144316],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144317,144318],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144319,144313],{"class":67},[14,144321,144322,144323,2437,144325,2440,144327,144329],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144324,26],{},[18,144326,63505],{},[18,144328,2422],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144331,53877,144332,5011,144335,144337],{},[18,144333,144334],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[23,144336,704],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144339,144340,144341,144345],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[334,144342,144343],{"href":129947},[18,144344,124537],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[47,144347,5189,144349],{"id":144348},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144350,41876],{},[14,144352,165,144353,144355],{},[18,144354,41876],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144357,36647],{},[34,144359,144360,144364,144366,144369],{},[37,144361,143682,144362,4115],{},[18,144363,3197],{},[37,144365,143687],{},[37,144367,144368],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[37,144370,144371],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144373,197],{},[52,144375,144377],{"className":54,"code":144376,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144378,144379,144393,144397,144410],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144380,144381,144384,144386,144388,144391],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144382,144383],{"class":67},"email ",[61,144385,72],{"class":71},[61,144387,226],{"class":214},[61,144389,144390],{"class":218},"  user@example.com  ",[61,144392,1043],{"class":214},[61,144394,144395],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144396,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,144398,144399,144401,144404,144406,144408],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144400,7227],{"class":1490},[61,144402,144403],{"class":67}," email",[61,144405,26],{"class":75},[61,144407,8864],{"class":116},[61,144409,21815],{"class":75},[61,144411,144412,144414,144416,144418,144421,144423],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144413,8299],{"class":126},[61,144415,113],{"class":75},[61,144417,215],{"class":214},[61,144419,144420],{"class":218},"Email was entered",[61,144422,215],{"class":214},[61,144424,120],{"class":75},[14,144426,139],{},[52,144428,144430],{"className":54,"code":144429,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Email was entered\n",[18,144431,144432],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144433,144434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144435,144429],{"class":67},[14,144437,144438,144439,144441,144442,26],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144440,41876],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[334,144443,144444],{"href":124093},[18,144445,124096],{},[47,144447,1741],{"id":1740},[14,144449,84455],{},[34,144451,144452,144456,144461,144466],{},[37,144453,1864,144454,131586],{},[18,144455,41876],{},[37,144457,1864,144458,144460],{},[18,144459,41876],{}," to remove text from the middle",[37,144462,1750,144463,144465],{},[18,144464,144334],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[37,144467,4932,144468,144471],{},[18,144469,144470],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144473,144474],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[52,144476,144478],{"className":54,"code":144477,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144479,144480,144494,144498,144508,144522,144536],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144481,144482,144484,144486,144488,144490,144492],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144483,1033],{"class":67},[61,144485,72],{"class":71},[61,144487,226],{"class":214},[61,144489,144230],{"class":218},[61,144491,87368],{"class":34675},[61,144493,1043],{"class":214},[61,144495,144496],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144497,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,144499,144500,144502,144504,144506],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144501,127],{"class":126},[61,144503,113],{"class":75},[61,144505,1056],{"class":116},[61,144507,120],{"class":75},[61,144509,144510,144512,144514,144516,144518,144520],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144511,127],{"class":126},[61,144513,113],{"class":75},[61,144515,42002],{"class":126},[61,144517,113],{"class":75},[61,144519,1056],{"class":116},[61,144521,480],{"class":75},[61,144523,144524,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,144525,127],{"class":126},[61,144527,113],{"class":75},[61,144529,1056],{"class":116},[61,144531,26],{"class":75},[61,144533,8864],{"class":116},[61,144535,7424],{"class":75},[61,144537,144538,144540,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,144539,127],{"class":126},[61,144541,113],{"class":75},[61,144543,42002],{"class":126},[61,144545,113],{"class":75},[61,144547,1056],{"class":116},[61,144549,26],{"class":75},[61,144551,8864],{"class":116},[61,144553,6517],{"class":75},[14,144555,139],{},[52,144557,144559],{"className":54,"code":144558,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144560,144561,144566,144570,144580,144584],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144562,144563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144564,144565],{"class":67},"  hello\n",[61,144567,144568],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144569,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144573,299],{"class":43552},[61,144575,144230],{"class":43556},[61,144577,87368],{"class":143907},[61,144579,29921],{"class":43552},[61,144581,144582],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144583,138681],{"class":67},[61,144585,144586,144588,144590],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,144587,299],{"class":43552},[61,144589,475],{"class":43556},[61,144591,29921],{"class":43552},[14,144593,144594],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[52,144596,144598],{"className":54,"code":144597,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144599,144600,144610,144624,144638,144656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144601,144602,144604,144606,144608],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144603,127],{"class":126},[61,144605,113],{"class":75},[61,144607,1056],{"class":116},[61,144609,120],{"class":75},[61,144611,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144613,127],{"class":126},[61,144615,113],{"class":75},[61,144617,42002],{"class":126},[61,144619,113],{"class":75},[61,144621,1056],{"class":116},[61,144623,480],{"class":75},[61,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144627,127],{"class":126},[61,144629,113],{"class":75},[61,144631,1056],{"class":116},[61,144633,26],{"class":75},[61,144635,8864],{"class":116},[61,144637,7424],{"class":75},[61,144639,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650,144652,144654],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144641,127],{"class":126},[61,144643,113],{"class":75},[61,144645,42002],{"class":126},[61,144647,113],{"class":75},[61,144649,1056],{"class":116},[61,144651,26],{"class":75},[61,144653,8864],{"class":116},[61,144655,6517],{"class":75},[61,144657,144658,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,144659,32373],{"class":126},[61,144661,113],{"class":75},[61,144663,1208],{"class":109},[61,144665,26],{"class":75},[61,144667,8864],{"class":24971},[61,144669,120],{"class":75},[14,144671,144672,144674],{},[18,144673,122580],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[47,144676,1987],{"id":1986},[819,144678,12927,144680,144682],{"id":144679},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144681,41876],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144684,46589,144685,144687],{},[18,144686,41876],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[819,144689,12927,144691,124693],{"id":144690},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144692,41876],{},[14,144694,144695],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[819,144697,5371,144699,144701],{"id":144698},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144700,41876],{}," remove by default?",[14,144703,144704],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[819,144706,34427,144708,34430,144710,2735],{"id":144707},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144709,41876],{},[18,144711,124537],{},[14,144713,144714,144716,144717,144719],{},[18,144715,41876],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144718,124537],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[819,144721,144723],{"id":144722},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144725,128239,144726,144728,144729,144731],{},[18,144727,144097],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144730,144100],{}," for the right side.",[47,144733,2144],{"id":2143},[34,144735,144736,144742,144748,144753,144758],{},[37,144737,144738],{},[334,144739,126366,144740,10961],{"href":124093},[18,144741,124096],{},[37,144743,144744],{},[334,144745,126366,144746,10961],{"href":129947},[18,144747,124537],{},[37,144749,144750],{},[334,144751,144752],{"href":143834},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[37,144754,144755],{},[334,144756,144757],{"href":88021},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[37,144759,144760],{},[334,144761,125121],{"href":51199},[2169,144763,144764],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":144766},[144767,144768,144770,144774,144776,144777,144779,144780,144782,144783,144794],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":143419,"depth":101,"text":144769},"What strip() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":144771},[144772,144773],{"id":143542,"depth":123,"text":143534},{"id":143593,"depth":123,"text":143539},{"id":143667,"depth":101,"text":144775},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143933,"depth":101,"text":143934},{"id":144092,"depth":101,"text":144778},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108373,"depth":101,"text":108374},{"id":144348,"depth":101,"text":144781},"When to use strip()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":144784},[144785,144787,144789,144791,144793],{"id":144679,"depth":123,"text":144786},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144690,"depth":123,"text":144788},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144698,"depth":123,"text":144790},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144707,"depth":123,"text":144792},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144722,"depth":123,"text":144723},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143340,"description":144795},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144802,"title":144803,"body":144804,"description":145984,"extension":2216,"meta":145985,"navigation":271,"path":145986,"seo":145987,"stem":145988,"__hash__":145989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144805,"toc":145954},[144806,144811,144816,144821,144823,144869,144877,144882,144896,144902,144904,144906,144921,144923,144933,144936,144967,144970,144993,144995,144998,145055,145057,145071,145073,145087,145093,145098,145101,145142,145144,145153,145161,145164,145209,145211,145220,145223,145227,145232,145246,145248,145280,145282,145302,145305,145310,145315,145317,145328,145331,145388,145390,145398,145407,145409,145411,145417,145419,145456,145458,145466,145468,145509,145511,145520,145525,145530,145532,145559,145566,145569,145600,145602,145611,145617,145626,145657,145659,145671,145684,145688,145693,145723,145725,145792,145794,145804,145806,145811,145814,145819,145824,145828,145834,145840,145843,145845,145903,145905,145913,145915,145951],[10,144807,123366,144809,11542],{"id":144808},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144810,128244],{},[14,144812,123371,144813,144815],{},[18,144814,128244],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144817,84832,144818,144820],{},[18,144819,128244],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[47,144822,50],{"id":49},[52,144824,144826],{"className":54,"code":144825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144827,144828,144840,144854,144864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144829,144830,144832,144834,144836,144838],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144831,1033],{"class":67},[61,144833,72],{"class":71},[61,144835,226],{"class":214},[61,144837,129085],{"class":218},[61,144839,1043],{"class":214},[61,144841,144842,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144843,869],{"class":67},[61,144845,72],{"class":71},[61,144847,43065],{"class":67},[61,144849,26],{"class":75},[61,144851,34700],{"class":116},[61,144853,628],{"class":75},[61,144855,144856,144858,144860,144862],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,144857,127],{"class":126},[61,144859,113],{"class":75},[61,144861,892],{"class":116},[61,144863,120],{"class":75},[61,144865,144866],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,144867,144868],{"class":3896},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144870,144871,144873,144874,144876],{},[18,144872,128244],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[23,144875,704],{}," change the original string in place.",[47,144878,3911,144880,3914],{"id":144879},"what-upper-does",[18,144881,128244],{},[34,144883,144884,144889,144892,144894],{},[37,144885,144886,144888],{},[18,144887,128244],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[37,144890,144891],{},"It works on string values only",[37,144893,133614],{},[37,144895,136332],{},[14,144897,125118,144898,1881,144900,26],{},[334,144899,136338],{"href":136337},[334,144901,125121],{"href":51199},[47,144903,341],{"id":340},[14,144905,344],{},[52,144907,144909],{"className":54,"code":144908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"string.upper()\n",[18,144910,144911],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144912,144913,144915,144917,144919],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144914,389],{"class":67},[61,144916,26],{"class":75},[61,144918,34700],{"class":116},[61,144920,628],{"class":75},[14,144922,11679],{},[34,144924,144925,144927,144930],{},[37,144926,97736],{},[37,144928,144929],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[37,144931,144932],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144934,144935],{},"Example with a variable:",[52,144937,144939],{"className":54,"code":144938,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144940,144941,144953],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144942,144943,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144944,8106],{"class":67},[61,144946,72],{"class":71},[61,144948,226],{"class":214},[61,144950,56],{"class":218},[61,144952,1043],{"class":214},[61,144954,144955,144957,144959,144961,144963,144965],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,144956,127],{"class":126},[61,144958,113],{"class":75},[61,144960,7899],{"class":116},[61,144962,26],{"class":75},[61,144964,34700],{"class":116},[61,144966,7424],{"class":75},[14,144968,144969],{},"Example with a string literal:",[52,144971,144973],{"className":54,"code":144972,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144974,144975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,144976,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987,144989,144991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,144978,127],{"class":126},[61,144980,113],{"class":75},[61,144982,215],{"class":214},[61,144984,475],{"class":218},[61,144986,215],{"class":214},[61,144988,26],{"class":75},[61,144990,34700],{"class":116},[61,144992,7424],{"class":75},[47,144994,11696],{"id":11695},[14,144996,144997],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[52,144999,145001],{"className":54,"code":145000,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,145002,145003,145015,145030,145034,145044],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145006,6382],{"class":67},[61,145008,72],{"class":71},[61,145010,226],{"class":214},[61,145012,1040],{"class":218},[61,145014,1043],{"class":214},[61,145016,145017,145020,145022,145024,145026,145028],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145018,145019],{"class":67},"uppercase_word ",[61,145021,72],{"class":71},[61,145023,38602],{"class":67},[61,145025,26],{"class":75},[61,145027,34700],{"class":116},[61,145029,628],{"class":75},[61,145031,145032],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145033,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145035,145036,145038,145040,145042],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145037,127],{"class":126},[61,145039,113],{"class":75},[61,145041,38612],{"class":116},[61,145043,120],{"class":75},[61,145045,145046,145048,145050,145053],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,145047,127],{"class":126},[61,145049,113],{"class":75},[61,145051,145052],{"class":116},"uppercase_word",[61,145054,120],{"class":75},[14,145056,139],{},[52,145058,145060],{"className":54,"code":145059,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,145061,145062,145066],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145063,145064],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145065,70623],{"class":67},[61,145067,145068],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145069,145070],{"class":34675},"BANANA\n",[14,145072,112480],{},[34,145074,145075,145080],{},[37,145076,145077,145079],{},[18,145078,38612],{}," keeps its original value",[37,145081,145082,145084,145085],{},[18,145083,145052],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145086,128244],{},[47,145088,145090,145092],{"id":145089},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145091,128244],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145094,136998,145095,145097],{},[23,145096,137001],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145099,145100],{},"So this method:",[52,145102,145104],{"className":54,"code":145103,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145105,145106,145118,145128,145132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145107,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145109,8106],{"class":67},[61,145111,72],{"class":71},[61,145113,226],{"class":214},[61,145115,18023],{"class":218},[61,145117,1043],{"class":214},[61,145119,145120,145122,145124,145126],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145121,7899],{"class":67},[61,145123,26],{"class":75},[61,145125,34700],{"class":116},[61,145127,628],{"class":75},[61,145129,145130],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145131,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145133,145134,145136,145138,145140],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145135,127],{"class":126},[61,145137,113],{"class":75},[61,145139,7899],{"class":116},[61,145141,120],{"class":75},[14,145143,139],{},[52,145145,145147],{"className":54,"code":145146,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"alice\n",[18,145148,145149],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145150,145151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145152,145146],{"class":67},[14,145154,21198,145155,145157,145158,145160],{},[18,145156,128244],{}," was called, ",[18,145159,7899],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145162,145163],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[52,145165,145167],{"className":54,"code":145166,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145168,145169,145181,145195,145199],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145170,145171,145173,145175,145177,145179],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145172,8106],{"class":67},[61,145174,72],{"class":71},[61,145176,226],{"class":214},[61,145178,18023],{"class":218},[61,145180,1043],{"class":214},[61,145182,145183,145185,145187,145189,145191,145193],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145184,8106],{"class":67},[61,145186,72],{"class":71},[61,145188,36213],{"class":67},[61,145190,26],{"class":75},[61,145192,34700],{"class":116},[61,145194,628],{"class":75},[61,145196,145197],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145198,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145200,145201,145203,145205,145207],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145202,127],{"class":126},[61,145204,113],{"class":75},[61,145206,7899],{"class":116},[61,145208,120],{"class":75},[14,145210,139],{},[52,145212,145214],{"className":54,"code":145213,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ALICE\n",[18,145215,145216],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145217,145218],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145219,145213],{"class":34675},[14,145221,145222],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[47,145224,145226],{"id":145225},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145228,145229,145231],{},[18,145230,128244],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[34,145233,145234,145237,145240,145243],{},[37,145235,145236],{},"Numbers stay the same",[37,145238,145239],{},"Spaces stay the same",[37,145241,145242],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[37,145244,145245],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145247,197],{},[52,145249,145251],{"className":54,"code":145250,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145252,145253,145266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145254,145255,145257,145259,145261,145264],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145256,1033],{"class":67},[61,145258,72],{"class":71},[61,145260,226],{"class":214},[61,145262,145263],{"class":218},"Room 7, table #3!",[61,145265,1043],{"class":214},[61,145267,145268,145270,145272,145274,145276,145278],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145269,127],{"class":126},[61,145271,113],{"class":75},[61,145273,1056],{"class":116},[61,145275,26],{"class":75},[61,145277,34700],{"class":116},[61,145279,7424],{"class":75},[14,145281,139],{},[52,145283,145285],{"className":54,"code":145284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145286,145287],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145288,145289,145292,145294,145296,145299],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145290,145291],{"class":34675},"ROOM",[61,145293,6222],{"class":79},[61,145295,83],{"class":75},[61,145297,145298],{"class":34675}," TABLE",[61,145300,145301],{"class":3896}," #3!\n",[14,145303,145304],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[47,145306,5189,145308],{"id":145307},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145309,128244],{},[14,145311,145312,145314],{},[18,145313,128244],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145316,48563],{},[34,145318,145319,145322,145325],{},[37,145320,145321],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[37,145323,145324],{},"Format labels or headings",[37,145326,145327],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145329,145330],{},"Example: simple comparison",[52,145332,145334],{"className":54,"code":145333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145335,145336,145348,145352,145374],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145337,145338,145340,145342,145344,145346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145339,136609],{"class":67},[61,145341,72],{"class":71},[61,145343,226],{"class":214},[61,145345,8887],{"class":218},[61,145347,1043],{"class":214},[61,145349,145350],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145351,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145353,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368,145370,145372],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145355,7227],{"class":1490},[61,145357,136629],{"class":67},[61,145359,26],{"class":75},[61,145361,34700],{"class":116},[61,145363,7596],{"class":75},[61,145365,6636],{"class":71},[61,145367,226],{"class":214},[61,145369,136616],{"class":218},[61,145371,215],{"class":214},[61,145373,6621],{"class":75},[61,145375,145376,145378,145380,145382,145384,145386],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145377,8299],{"class":126},[61,145379,113],{"class":75},[61,145381,215],{"class":214},[61,145383,143813],{"class":218},[61,145385,215],{"class":214},[61,145387,120],{"class":75},[14,145389,139],{},[52,145391,145392],{"className":54,"code":143822,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145393,145394],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145395,145396],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145397,143822],{"class":67},[14,145399,145400,145401,2437,145403,2440,145405,26],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145402,8887],{},[18,145404,137402],{},[18,145406,136616],{},[47,145408,1741],{"id":1740},[819,145410,96103],{"id":96102},[14,145412,8346,145413,145416],{},[18,145414,145415],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145418,16864],{},[52,145420,145422],{"className":54,"code":145421,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145423,145424,145436,145446],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145425,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145427,1033],{"class":67},[61,145429,72],{"class":71},[61,145431,226],{"class":214},[61,145433,475],{"class":218},[61,145435,1043],{"class":214},[61,145437,145438,145440,145442,145444],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145439,1056],{"class":67},[61,145441,26],{"class":75},[61,145443,34700],{"class":116},[61,145445,628],{"class":75},[61,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145449,127],{"class":126},[61,145451,113],{"class":75},[61,145453,1056],{"class":116},[61,145455,120],{"class":75},[14,145457,139],{},[52,145459,145460],{"className":54,"code":138681,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145461,145462],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145463,145464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145465,138681],{"class":67},[14,145467,16876],{},[52,145469,145471],{"className":54,"code":145470,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145472,145473,145485,145499],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145474,145475,145477,145479,145481,145483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145476,1033],{"class":67},[61,145478,72],{"class":71},[61,145480,226],{"class":214},[61,145482,475],{"class":218},[61,145484,1043],{"class":214},[61,145486,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495,145497],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145488,1033],{"class":67},[61,145490,72],{"class":71},[61,145492,43065],{"class":67},[61,145494,26],{"class":75},[61,145496,34700],{"class":116},[61,145498,628],{"class":75},[61,145500,145501,145503,145505,145507],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145502,127],{"class":126},[61,145504,113],{"class":75},[61,145506,1056],{"class":116},[61,145508,120],{"class":75},[14,145510,139],{},[52,145512,145514],{"className":54,"code":145513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO\n",[18,145515,145516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145517,145518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145519,145513],{"class":34675},[819,145521,19127,145523,137288],{"id":145522},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145524,128244],{},[14,145526,145527,145529],{},[18,145528,128244],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145531,197],{},[52,145533,145535],{"className":54,"code":145534,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145536,145537,145545],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145538,145539,145541,145543],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145540,2464],{"class":67},[61,145542,72],{"class":71},[61,145544,125048],{"class":79},[61,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145548,127],{"class":126},[61,145550,113],{"class":75},[61,145552,2486],{"class":116},[61,145554,26],{"class":75},[61,145556,34700],{"class":116},[61,145558,7424],{"class":75},[14,145560,39875,145561,145563,145564,33822],{},[18,145562,1203],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145565,128244],{},[14,145567,145568],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[52,145570,145572],{"className":54,"code":145571,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145573,145574,145582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145575,145576,145578,145580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145577,2464],{"class":67},[61,145579,72],{"class":71},[61,145581,125048],{"class":79},[61,145583,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596,145598],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145585,127],{"class":126},[61,145587,113],{"class":75},[61,145589,1208],{"class":109},[61,145591,113],{"class":75},[61,145593,2486],{"class":116},[61,145595,8861],{"class":75},[61,145597,34700],{"class":116},[61,145599,7424],{"class":75},[14,145601,139],{},[52,145603,145605],{"className":54,"code":145604,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"123\n",[18,145606,145607],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145608,145609],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145610,145604],{"class":79},[819,145612,1874,145614,145616],{"id":145613},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145615,128244],{}," with title case",[14,145618,145619,145621,145622,145625],{},[18,145620,128244],{}," makes ",[23,145623,145624],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[52,145627,145629],{"className":54,"code":145628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145630,145631,145643],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145632,145633,145635,145637,145639,145641],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145634,1033],{"class":67},[61,145636,72],{"class":71},[61,145638,226],{"class":214},[61,145640,60631],{"class":218},[61,145642,1043],{"class":214},[61,145644,145645,145647,145649,145651,145653,145655],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145646,127],{"class":126},[61,145648,113],{"class":75},[61,145650,1056],{"class":116},[61,145652,26],{"class":75},[61,145654,34700],{"class":116},[61,145656,7424],{"class":75},[14,145658,139],{},[52,145660,145662],{"className":54,"code":145661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145663,145664],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145665,145666,145668],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145667,136390],{"class":34675},[61,145669,145670],{"class":34675}," WORLD\n",[14,145672,145673,145674,145678,145679,145683],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[334,145675,145676],{"href":124093},[18,145677,124096],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[334,145680,145681],{"href":129947},[18,145682,124537],{}," changes parts of a string.",[47,145685,145687],{"id":145686},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145689,145690,145691,378],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145692,128244],{},[34,145694,145695,145702,145709,145716],{},[37,145696,145697,145701],{},[334,145698,145699],{"href":124093},[18,145700,124096],{}," for lowercase text",[37,145703,145704,145708],{},[334,145705,145706],{"href":136936},[18,145707,41876],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[37,145710,145711,145715],{},[334,145712,145713],{"href":129947},[18,145714,124537],{}," for changing parts of a string",[37,145717,145718,4621,145720,145722],{},[18,145719,127734],{},[18,145721,126424],{}," for checks",[14,145724,197],{},[52,145726,145728],{"className":54,"code":145727,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145729,145730,145742,145746,145761,145777,145781],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145731,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145733,1033],{"class":67},[61,145735,72],{"class":71},[61,145737,226],{"class":214},[61,145739,143464],{"class":218},[61,145741,1043],{"class":214},[61,145743,145744],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145745,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145747,145748,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145749,145750],{"class":67},"cleaned ",[61,145752,72],{"class":71},[61,145754,43065],{"class":67},[61,145756,26],{"class":75},[61,145758,8864],{"class":116},[61,145760,628],{"class":75},[61,145762,145763,145766,145768,145771,145773,145775],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145764,145765],{"class":67},"loud ",[61,145767,72],{"class":71},[61,145769,145770],{"class":67}," cleaned",[61,145772,26],{"class":75},[61,145774,34700],{"class":116},[61,145776,628],{"class":75},[61,145778,145779],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,145780,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145782,145783,145785,145787,145790],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,145784,127],{"class":126},[61,145786,113],{"class":75},[61,145788,145789],{"class":116},"loud",[61,145791,120],{"class":75},[14,145793,139],{},[52,145795,145796],{"className":54,"code":145661,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145797,145798],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145799,145800,145802],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145801,136390],{"class":34675},[61,145803,145670],{"class":34675},[47,145805,1987],{"id":1986},[819,145807,12927,145809,124693],{"id":145808},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145810,128244],{},[14,145812,145813],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[819,145815,12927,145817,137670],{"id":145816},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145818,128244],{},[14,145820,145821,145822,26],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145823,145415],{},[819,145825,145827],{"id":145826},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145829,145830,145831,145833],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145832,128244],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[819,145835,28550,145837,145839],{"id":145836},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145838,128244],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145841,145842],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145844,197],{},[52,145846,145848],{"className":54,"code":145847,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145849,145850,145862,145875,145879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145851,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145853,717],{"class":67},[61,145855,72],{"class":71},[61,145857,226],{"class":214},[61,145859,56],{"class":218},[61,145861,1043],{"class":214},[61,145863,145864,145866,145868,145870,145873],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,145865,728],{"class":67},[61,145867,72],{"class":71},[61,145869,226],{"class":214},[61,145871,145872],{"class":218},"PYTHON",[61,145874,1043],{"class":214},[61,145876,145877],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,145878,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,145880,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899,145901],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,145882,127],{"class":126},[61,145884,113],{"class":75},[61,145886,334],{"class":116},[61,145888,26],{"class":75},[61,145890,34700],{"class":116},[61,145892,7596],{"class":75},[61,145894,6636],{"class":71},[61,145896,2801],{"class":116},[61,145898,26],{"class":75},[61,145900,34700],{"class":116},[61,145902,7424],{"class":75},[14,145904,139],{},[52,145906,145907],{"className":54,"code":1524,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,145908,145909],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,145910,145911],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,145912,1524],{"class":1523},[47,145914,2144],{"id":2143},[34,145916,145917,145921,145927,145933,145939,145943,145947],{},[37,145918,145919],{},[334,145920,125121],{"href":51199},[37,145922,145923],{},[334,145924,126366,145925,10961],{"href":124093},[18,145926,124096],{},[37,145928,145929],{},[334,145930,126366,145931,10961],{"href":136936},[18,145932,41876],{},[37,145934,145935],{},[334,145936,126366,145937,10961],{"href":129947},[18,145938,124537],{},[37,145940,145941],{},[334,145942,90897],{"href":89907},[37,145944,145945],{},[334,145946,124765],{"href":123621},[37,145948,145949],{},[334,145950,137756],{"href":136337},[2169,145952,145953],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":145955},[145956,145957,145959,145960,145961,145963,145964,145966,145973,145974,145983],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":144879,"depth":101,"text":145958},"What upper() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":145089,"depth":101,"text":145962},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145225,"depth":101,"text":145226},{"id":145307,"depth":101,"text":145965},"When to use upper()",{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":145967},[145968,145969,145971],{"id":96102,"depth":123,"text":96103},{"id":145522,"depth":123,"text":145970},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145613,"depth":123,"text":145972},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145686,"depth":101,"text":145687},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":145975},[145976,145978,145980,145981],{"id":145808,"depth":123,"text":145977},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145816,"depth":123,"text":145979},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145826,"depth":123,"text":145827},{"id":145836,"depth":123,"text":145982},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144803,"description":145984},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145991,"title":145992,"body":145993,"description":147870,"extension":2216,"meta":147871,"navigation":271,"path":147872,"seo":147873,"stem":147874,"__hash__":147875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145994,"toc":147820},[145995,146001,146008,146014,146016,146072,146077,146082,146087,146090,146109,146112,146114,146138,146156,146167,146169,146172,146225,146227,146235,146237,146255,146260,146263,146320,146322,146331,146334,146354,146357,146363,146368,146370,146413,146415,146423,146426,146467,146469,146478,146484,146490,146517,146519,146527,146532,146536,146548,146591,146593,146601,146606,146612,146617,146621,146623,146666,146669,146716,146718,146727,146734,146738,146741,146787,146792,146796,146798,146841,146844,146852,146854,146859,146861,146863,146882,146885,146897,146899,146918,146920,146928,146932,146934,146985,146988,147063,147065,147073,147076,147080,147082,147129,147132,147203,147205,147213,147219,147221,147296,147300,147379,147381,147389,147395,147401,147406,147411,147460,147464,147535,147538,147543,147554,147557,147568,147578,147580,147585,147610,147615,147696,147698,147723,147725,147730,147733,147739,147748,147754,147757,147763,147769,147776,147779,147781,147817],[10,145996,3808,145998,3812],{"id":145997},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145999,146000],{},"sum()",[14,146002,16,146003,146005,146006,24985],{},[18,146004,146000],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,146007,493],{},[14,146009,146010,146011,146013],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,146012,36294],{}," value and a few important limits.",[47,146015,50],{"id":49},[52,146017,146019],{"className":54,"code":146018,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,146020,146021,146045,146060],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146022,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041,146043],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146024,68],{"class":67},[61,146026,72],{"class":71},[61,146028,76],{"class":75},[61,146030,80],{"class":79},[61,146032,83],{"class":75},[61,146034,86],{"class":79},[61,146036,83],{"class":75},[61,146038,95],{"class":79},[61,146040,83],{"class":75},[61,146042,1178],{"class":79},[61,146044,98],{"class":75},[61,146046,146047,146049,146051,146054,146056,146058],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146048,41405],{"class":67},[61,146050,72],{"class":71},[61,146052,146053],{"class":126}," sum",[61,146055,113],{"class":75},[61,146057,117],{"class":116},[61,146059,120],{"class":75},[61,146061,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,146063,127],{"class":126},[61,146065,113],{"class":75},[61,146067,41434],{"class":116},[61,146069,3893],{"class":75},[61,146071,27016],{"class":3896},[14,146073,165,146074,146076],{},[18,146075,146000],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[47,146078,3911,146080,3914],{"id":146079},"what-sum-does",[18,146081,146000],{},[14,146083,146084,146086],{},[18,146085,146000],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146088,146089],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[34,146091,146092,146095,146098,146103],{},[37,146093,146094],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[37,146096,146097],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[37,146099,146100,146101],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146102,394],{},[37,146104,146105,146106,146108],{},"Counting ",[18,146107,3837],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146110,146111],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[47,146113,341],{"id":340},[52,146115,146117],{"className":54,"code":146116,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146118,146119],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146120,146121,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146122,146123],{"class":126},"sum",[61,146125,113],{"class":75},[61,146127,359],{"class":116},[61,146129,83],{"class":75},[61,146131,36273],{"class":9400},[61,146133,72],{"class":71},[61,146135,582],{"class":79},[61,146137,120],{"class":75},[34,146139,146140,146145,146150],{},[37,146141,146142,146144],{},[18,146143,359],{}," is the group of values to add",[37,146146,146147,146149],{},[18,146148,36294],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[37,146151,146152,146153],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146154,146155],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146157,146158,146159,146162,146163,26],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146160,146161,359],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[334,146164,146165,24838],{"href":36417},[18,146166,394],{},[47,146168,11696],{"id":11695},[14,146170,146171],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[52,146173,146175],{"className":54,"code":146174,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146176,146177,146197,146211,146215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146178,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146180,68],{"class":67},[61,146182,72],{"class":71},[61,146184,76],{"class":75},[61,146186,945],{"class":79},[61,146188,83],{"class":75},[61,146190,457],{"class":79},[61,146192,83],{"class":75},[61,146194,959],{"class":79},[61,146196,98],{"class":75},[61,146198,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146200,41405],{"class":67},[61,146202,72],{"class":71},[61,146204,146053],{"class":126},[61,146206,113],{"class":75},[61,146208,117],{"class":116},[61,146210,120],{"class":75},[61,146212,146213],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,146214,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,146216,146217,146219,146221,146223],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,146218,127],{"class":126},[61,146220,113],{"class":75},[61,146222,41434],{"class":116},[61,146224,120],{"class":75},[14,146226,139],{},[52,146228,146229],{"className":54,"code":70057,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146230,146231],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146232,146233],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146234,70057],{"class":79},[14,146236,11905],{},[34,146238,146239,146244,146250],{},[37,146240,146241,146243],{},[18,146242,117],{}," contains three integers",[37,146245,146246,146249],{},[18,146247,146248],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[37,146251,146252,146253],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146254,41434],{},[47,146256,36834,146258,8663],{"id":146257},"using-the-start-value",[18,146259,36294],{},[14,146261,146262],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[52,146264,146266],{"className":54,"code":146265,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146267,146268,146288,146306,146310],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146269,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146271,68],{"class":67},[61,146273,72],{"class":71},[61,146275,76],{"class":75},[61,146277,80],{"class":79},[61,146279,83],{"class":75},[61,146281,86],{"class":79},[61,146283,83],{"class":75},[61,146285,95],{"class":79},[61,146287,98],{"class":75},[61,146289,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146291,41405],{"class":67},[61,146293,72],{"class":71},[61,146295,146053],{"class":126},[61,146297,113],{"class":75},[61,146299,117],{"class":116},[61,146301,83],{"class":75},[61,146303,457],{"class":79},[61,146305,120],{"class":75},[61,146307,146308],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,146309,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,146311,146312,146314,146316,146318],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,146313,127],{"class":126},[61,146315,113],{"class":75},[61,146317,41434],{"class":116},[61,146319,120],{"class":75},[14,146321,139],{},[52,146323,146325],{"className":54,"code":146324,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"16\n",[18,146326,146327],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146328,146329],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146330,146324],{"class":79},[14,146332,146333],{},"This works like:",[34,146335,146336,146341,146346,146350],{},[37,146337,146338,146339],{},"Start at ",[18,146340,447],{},[37,146342,146343,146344],{},"Add ",[18,146345,80],{},[37,146347,146343,146348],{},[18,146349,2310],{},[37,146351,146343,146352],{},[18,146353,1321],{},[14,146355,146356],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[47,146358,3911,146360,146362],{"id":146359},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146361,146000],{}," can work with",[14,146364,146365,146367],{},[18,146366,146000],{}," works with numeric values.",[819,146369,40647],{"id":40646},[52,146371,146373],{"className":54,"code":146372,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146374,146375,146399],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146376,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146378,937],{"class":67},[61,146380,72],{"class":71},[61,146382,76],{"class":75},[61,146384,80],{"class":79},[61,146386,83],{"class":75},[61,146388,86],{"class":79},[61,146390,83],{"class":75},[61,146392,95],{"class":79},[61,146394,83],{"class":75},[61,146396,1178],{"class":79},[61,146398,98],{"class":75},[61,146400,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146402,127],{"class":126},[61,146404,113],{"class":75},[61,146406,146123],{"class":126},[61,146408,113],{"class":75},[61,146410,974],{"class":116},[61,146412,480],{"class":75},[14,146414,139],{},[52,146416,146417],{"className":54,"code":2621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146418,146419],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146420,146421],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146422,2621],{"class":79},[819,146424,146425],{"id":52269},"Floats",[52,146427,146429],{"className":54,"code":146428,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146430,146431,146453],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146432,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146446,146448,146451],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146434,83263],{"class":67},[61,146436,72],{"class":71},[61,146438,76],{"class":75},[61,146440,41381],{"class":79},[61,146442,83],{"class":75},[61,146444,146445],{"class":79}," 3.75",[61,146447,83],{"class":75},[61,146449,146450],{"class":79}," 1.25",[61,146452,98],{"class":75},[61,146454,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146456,127],{"class":126},[61,146458,113],{"class":75},[61,146460,146123],{"class":126},[61,146462,113],{"class":75},[61,146464,83299],{"class":116},[61,146466,480],{"class":75},[14,146468,139],{},[52,146470,146472],{"className":54,"code":146471,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"7.5\n",[18,146473,146474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146475,146476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146477,146471],{"class":79},[14,146479,146480,146481,26],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[334,146482,146483],{"href":2664},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[819,146485,146487,146488],{"id":146486},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146489,394],{},[52,146491,146493],{"className":54,"code":146492,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146494,146495],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146496,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146498,127],{"class":126},[61,146500,113],{"class":75},[61,146502,146123],{"class":126},[61,146504,113],{"class":75},[61,146506,493],{"class":126},[61,146508,113],{"class":75},[61,146510,80],{"class":79},[61,146512,83],{"class":75},[61,146514,37865],{"class":79},[61,146516,460],{"class":75},[14,146518,139],{},[52,146520,146521],{"className":54,"code":47264,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146522,146523],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146524,146525],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146526,47264],{"class":79},[14,146528,113570,146529,26],{},[18,146530,146531],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[819,146533,146535],{"id":146534},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146537,146538,146539,146541,146542,4621,146544,146541,146546,26],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146540,3837],{}," acts like ",[18,146543,80],{},[18,146545,3907],{},[18,146547,582],{},[52,146549,146551],{"className":54,"code":146550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146552,146553,146577],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146554,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146556,52189],{"class":67},[61,146558,72],{"class":71},[61,146560,76],{"class":75},[61,146562,3837],{"class":1523},[61,146564,83],{"class":75},[61,146566,4136],{"class":1523},[61,146568,83],{"class":75},[61,146570,4145],{"class":1523},[61,146572,83],{"class":75},[61,146574,4145],{"class":1523},[61,146576,98],{"class":75},[61,146578,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146580,127],{"class":126},[61,146582,113],{"class":75},[61,146584,146123],{"class":126},[61,146586,113],{"class":75},[61,146588,52242],{"class":116},[61,146590,480],{"class":75},[14,146592,139],{},[52,146594,146595],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146596,146597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146598,146599],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146600,46840],{"class":79},[14,146602,146603,146604,26],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146605,3837],{},[47,146607,3911,146609,146611],{"id":146608},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146610,146000],{}," does not work with",[14,146613,146614,146616],{},[18,146615,146000],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[819,146618,146620],{"id":146619},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146622,3077],{},[52,146624,146626],{"className":54,"code":146625,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146627,146628,146652],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146629,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146631,4298],{"class":67},[61,146633,72],{"class":71},[61,146635,76],{"class":75},[61,146637,215],{"class":214},[61,146639,475],{"class":218},[61,146641,215],{"class":214},[61,146643,83],{"class":75},[61,146645,226],{"class":214},[61,146647,60812],{"class":218},[61,146649,215],{"class":214},[61,146651,98],{"class":75},[61,146653,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146655,127],{"class":126},[61,146657,113],{"class":75},[61,146659,146123],{"class":126},[61,146661,113],{"class":75},[61,146663,4340],{"class":116},[61,146665,480],{"class":75},[14,146667,146668],{},"Use string joining instead:",[52,146670,146672],{"className":54,"code":146671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146673,146674,146698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146675,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146677,4298],{"class":67},[61,146679,72],{"class":71},[61,146681,76],{"class":75},[61,146683,215],{"class":214},[61,146685,475],{"class":218},[61,146687,215],{"class":214},[61,146689,83],{"class":75},[61,146691,226],{"class":214},[61,146693,60812],{"class":218},[61,146695,215],{"class":214},[61,146697,98],{"class":75},[61,146699,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146701,127],{"class":126},[61,146703,113],{"class":75},[61,146705,6500],{"class":214},[61,146707,26],{"class":75},[61,146709,133525],{"class":116},[61,146711,113],{"class":75},[61,146713,4340],{"class":116},[61,146715,480],{"class":75},[14,146717,139],{},[52,146719,146721],{"className":54,"code":146720,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"helloworld\n",[18,146722,146723],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146724,146725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146726,146720],{"class":67},[14,146728,146729,146730,26],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[334,146731,146732,6011],{"href":42398},[18,146733,47907],{},[819,146735,146737],{"id":146736},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146739,146740],{},"This also causes an error:",[52,146742,146744],{"className":54,"code":146743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146745,146746,146773],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146747,146748,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146749,146750],{"class":67},"lists ",[61,146752,72],{"class":71},[61,146754,56518],{"class":75},[61,146756,80],{"class":79},[61,146758,83],{"class":75},[61,146760,86],{"class":79},[61,146762,1316],{"class":75},[61,146764,76],{"class":75},[61,146766,1321],{"class":79},[61,146768,83],{"class":75},[61,146770,1178],{"class":79},[61,146772,53466],{"class":75},[61,146774,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146776,127],{"class":126},[61,146778,113],{"class":75},[61,146780,146123],{"class":126},[61,146782,113],{"class":75},[61,146784,5529],{"class":116},[61,146786,480],{"class":75},[14,146788,146789,146791],{},[18,146790,146000],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[819,146793,146795],{"id":146794},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146797,5701],{},[52,146799,146801],{"className":54,"code":146800,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146802,146803,146827],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146804,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146806,937],{"class":67},[61,146808,72],{"class":71},[61,146810,76],{"class":75},[61,146812,80],{"class":79},[61,146814,83],{"class":75},[61,146816,86],{"class":79},[61,146818,83],{"class":75},[61,146820,226],{"class":214},[61,146822,1321],{"class":218},[61,146824,215],{"class":214},[61,146826,98],{"class":75},[61,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146830,127],{"class":126},[61,146832,113],{"class":75},[61,146834,146123],{"class":126},[61,146836,113],{"class":75},[61,146838,974],{"class":116},[61,146840,480],{"class":75},[14,146842,146843],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146845,146846,146847,146849,146850,26],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146848,66162],{},", convert them first. See ",[334,146851,3202],{"href":3201},[47,146853,41727],{"id":41726},[14,146855,146856,146857,26],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146858,146000],{},[819,146860,6753],{"id":6752},[14,146862,4754],{},[52,146864,146866],{"className":54,"code":146865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146867,146868],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146869,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146871,127],{"class":126},[61,146873,113],{"class":75},[61,146875,146123],{"class":126},[61,146877,113],{"class":75},[61,146879,945],{"class":79},[61,146881,480],{"class":75},[14,146883,146884],{},"Why it fails:",[34,146886,146887,146892],{},[37,146888,146889,146891],{},[18,146890,945],{}," is a single integer",[37,146893,146894,146896],{},[18,146895,146000],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146898,6783],{},[52,146900,146902],{"className":54,"code":146901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146903,146904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146905,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146907,127],{"class":126},[61,146909,113],{"class":75},[61,146911,146123],{"class":126},[61,146913,416],{"class":75},[61,146915,945],{"class":79},[61,146917,433],{"class":75},[14,146919,139],{},[52,146921,146922],{"className":54,"code":3186,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,146923,146924],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146925,146926],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146927,3186],{"class":79},[819,146929,146931],{"id":146930},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146933,4754],{},[52,146935,146937],{"className":54,"code":146936,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146938,146939,146971],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146940,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146942,937],{"class":67},[61,146944,72],{"class":71},[61,146946,76],{"class":75},[61,146948,215],{"class":214},[61,146950,80],{"class":218},[61,146952,215],{"class":214},[61,146954,83],{"class":75},[61,146956,226],{"class":214},[61,146958,2310],{"class":218},[61,146960,215],{"class":214},[61,146962,83],{"class":75},[61,146964,226],{"class":214},[61,146966,1321],{"class":218},[61,146968,215],{"class":214},[61,146970,98],{"class":75},[61,146972,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,146974,127],{"class":126},[61,146976,113],{"class":75},[61,146978,146123],{"class":126},[61,146980,113],{"class":75},[61,146982,974],{"class":116},[61,146984,480],{"class":75},[14,146986,146987],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[52,146989,146991],{"className":54,"code":146990,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146992,146993,147025,147053],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,146994,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,146996,937],{"class":67},[61,146998,72],{"class":71},[61,147000,76],{"class":75},[61,147002,215],{"class":214},[61,147004,80],{"class":218},[61,147006,215],{"class":214},[61,147008,83],{"class":75},[61,147010,226],{"class":214},[61,147012,2310],{"class":218},[61,147014,215],{"class":214},[61,147016,83],{"class":75},[61,147018,226],{"class":214},[61,147020,1321],{"class":218},[61,147022,215],{"class":214},[61,147024,98],{"class":75},[61,147026,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147028,41405],{"class":67},[61,147030,72],{"class":71},[61,147032,146053],{"class":126},[61,147034,113],{"class":75},[61,147036,1203],{"class":109},[61,147038,113],{"class":75},[61,147040,2422],{"class":116},[61,147042,3893],{"class":75},[61,147044,4107],{"class":1490},[61,147046,4110],{"class":116},[61,147048,1433],{"class":1490},[61,147050,4115],{"class":116},[61,147052,120],{"class":75},[61,147054,147055,147057,147059,147061],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147056,127],{"class":126},[61,147058,113],{"class":75},[61,147060,41434],{"class":116},[61,147062,120],{"class":75},[14,147064,139],{},[52,147066,147067],{"className":54,"code":2896,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,147068,147069],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147070,147071],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147072,2896],{"class":79},[14,147074,147075],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[819,147077,147079],{"id":147078},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147081,4754],{},[52,147083,147085],{"className":54,"code":147084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147086,147087,147115],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147088,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147090,937],{"class":67},[61,147092,72],{"class":71},[61,147094,76],{"class":75},[61,147096,80],{"class":79},[61,147098,83],{"class":75},[61,147100,86],{"class":79},[61,147102,83],{"class":75},[61,147104,226],{"class":214},[61,147106,1321],{"class":218},[61,147108,215],{"class":214},[61,147110,83],{"class":75},[61,147112,1178],{"class":79},[61,147114,98],{"class":75},[61,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147118,127],{"class":126},[61,147120,113],{"class":75},[61,147122,146123],{"class":126},[61,147124,113],{"class":75},[61,147126,974],{"class":116},[61,147128,480],{"class":75},[14,147130,147131],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[52,147133,147135],{"className":54,"code":147134,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147136,147137,147165,147193],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147138,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147140,937],{"class":67},[61,147142,72],{"class":71},[61,147144,76],{"class":75},[61,147146,80],{"class":79},[61,147148,83],{"class":75},[61,147150,86],{"class":79},[61,147152,83],{"class":75},[61,147154,226],{"class":214},[61,147156,1321],{"class":218},[61,147158,215],{"class":214},[61,147160,83],{"class":75},[61,147162,1178],{"class":79},[61,147164,98],{"class":75},[61,147166,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147168,41405],{"class":67},[61,147170,72],{"class":71},[61,147172,146053],{"class":126},[61,147174,113],{"class":75},[61,147176,1203],{"class":109},[61,147178,113],{"class":75},[61,147180,2422],{"class":116},[61,147182,3893],{"class":75},[61,147184,4107],{"class":1490},[61,147186,4110],{"class":116},[61,147188,1433],{"class":1490},[61,147190,4115],{"class":116},[61,147192,120],{"class":75},[61,147194,147195,147197,147199,147201],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147196,127],{"class":126},[61,147198,113],{"class":75},[61,147200,41434],{"class":116},[61,147202,120],{"class":75},[14,147204,139],{},[52,147206,147207],{"className":54,"code":2621,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,147208,147209],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147210,147211],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147212,2621],{"class":79},[819,147214,1750,147216,147218],{"id":147215},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147217,146000],{}," to join text",[14,147220,4754],{},[52,147222,147224],{"className":54,"code":147223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147225,147226,147282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147227,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147229,36312],{"class":67},[61,147231,72],{"class":71},[61,147233,76],{"class":75},[61,147235,215],{"class":214},[61,147237,134124],{"class":218},[61,147239,215],{"class":214},[61,147241,83],{"class":75},[61,147243,226],{"class":214},[61,147245,11967],{"class":218},[61,147247,215],{"class":214},[61,147249,83],{"class":75},[61,147251,226],{"class":214},[61,147253,63505],{"class":218},[61,147255,215],{"class":214},[61,147257,83],{"class":75},[61,147259,226],{"class":214},[61,147261,544],{"class":218},[61,147263,215],{"class":214},[61,147265,83],{"class":75},[61,147267,226],{"class":214},[61,147269,571],{"class":218},[61,147271,215],{"class":214},[61,147273,83],{"class":75},[61,147275,226],{"class":214},[61,147277,1104],{"class":218},[61,147279,215],{"class":214},[61,147281,98],{"class":75},[61,147283,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147285,127],{"class":126},[61,147287,113],{"class":75},[61,147289,146123],{"class":126},[61,147291,113],{"class":75},[61,147293,36365],{"class":116},[61,147295,480],{"class":75},[14,147297,165,147298,60753],{},[18,147299,133448],{},[52,147301,147303],{"className":54,"code":147302,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147304,147305,147361],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147306,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147308,36312],{"class":67},[61,147310,72],{"class":71},[61,147312,76],{"class":75},[61,147314,215],{"class":214},[61,147316,134124],{"class":218},[61,147318,215],{"class":214},[61,147320,83],{"class":75},[61,147322,226],{"class":214},[61,147324,11967],{"class":218},[61,147326,215],{"class":214},[61,147328,83],{"class":75},[61,147330,226],{"class":214},[61,147332,63505],{"class":218},[61,147334,215],{"class":214},[61,147336,83],{"class":75},[61,147338,226],{"class":214},[61,147340,544],{"class":218},[61,147342,215],{"class":214},[61,147344,83],{"class":75},[61,147346,226],{"class":214},[61,147348,571],{"class":218},[61,147350,215],{"class":214},[61,147352,83],{"class":75},[61,147354,226],{"class":214},[61,147356,1104],{"class":218},[61,147358,215],{"class":214},[61,147360,98],{"class":75},[61,147362,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147364,127],{"class":126},[61,147366,113],{"class":75},[61,147368,6500],{"class":214},[61,147370,26],{"class":75},[61,147372,133525],{"class":116},[61,147374,113],{"class":75},[61,147376,36365],{"class":116},[61,147378,480],{"class":75},[14,147380,139],{},[52,147382,147383],{"className":54,"code":134205,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,147384,147385],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147386,147387],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147388,134205],{"class":67},[14,147390,147391,147392,26],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[334,147393,147394],{"href":135286},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[47,147396,147398,147400],{"id":147397},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147399,146000],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147402,147403,147405],{},[18,147404,146000],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[819,147407,1750,147409],{"id":147408},"using-sum",[18,147410,146000],{},[52,147412,147414],{"className":54,"code":147413,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147415,147416,147436,147450],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147417,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147419,68],{"class":67},[61,147421,72],{"class":71},[61,147423,76],{"class":75},[61,147425,498],{"class":79},[61,147427,83],{"class":75},[61,147429,6222],{"class":79},[61,147431,83],{"class":75},[61,147433,54360],{"class":79},[61,147435,98],{"class":75},[61,147437,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147439,41405],{"class":67},[61,147441,72],{"class":71},[61,147443,146053],{"class":126},[61,147445,113],{"class":75},[61,147447,117],{"class":116},[61,147449,120],{"class":75},[61,147451,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147453,127],{"class":126},[61,147455,113],{"class":75},[61,147457,41434],{"class":116},[61,147459,120],{"class":75},[819,147461,147463],{"id":147462},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[52,147465,147467],{"className":54,"code":147466,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147468,147469,147489,147497,147501,147513,147521,147525],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147470,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147472,68],{"class":67},[61,147474,72],{"class":71},[61,147476,76],{"class":75},[61,147478,498],{"class":79},[61,147480,83],{"class":75},[61,147482,6222],{"class":79},[61,147484,83],{"class":75},[61,147486,54360],{"class":79},[61,147488,98],{"class":75},[61,147490,147491,147493,147495],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147492,41405],{"class":67},[61,147494,72],{"class":71},[61,147496,38734],{"class":79},[61,147498,147499],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147500,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,147502,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,147504,6186],{"class":1490},[61,147506,6614],{"class":67},[61,147508,1433],{"class":1490},[61,147510,4490],{"class":67},[61,147512,6621],{"class":75},[61,147514,147515,147517,147519],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,147516,90322],{"class":67},[61,147518,90325],{"class":71},[61,147520,90328],{"class":67},[61,147522,147523],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,147524,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,147526,147527,147529,147531,147533],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,147528,127],{"class":126},[61,147530,113],{"class":75},[61,147532,41434],{"class":116},[61,147534,120],{"class":75},[14,147536,147537],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147539,2731,147540,147542],{},[18,147541,146000],{}," is often better:",[34,147544,147545,147548,147551],{},[37,147546,147547],{},"Shorter code",[37,147549,147550],{},"Easier to read",[37,147552,147553],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147555,147556],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[34,147558,147559,147562,147565],{},[37,147560,147561],{},"You need to skip some values",[37,147563,147564],{},"You need extra checks",[37,147566,147567],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147569,147570,147571,147574,147575,147577],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[334,147572,147573],{"href":40230},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147576,146000],{}," on the filtered result.",[47,147579,1741],{"id":1740},[14,147581,147582,147583,378],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147584,146000],{},[34,147586,147587,147593,147600,147607],{},[37,147588,147589,147590],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147591,147592],{},"sum(5)",[37,147594,147595,147596,147599],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147597,147598],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[37,147601,1750,147602,147604,147605],{},[18,147603,146000],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147606,133448],{},[37,147608,147609],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147611,9101,147612,147614],{},[18,147613,146000],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[52,147616,147618],{"className":54,"code":147617,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147619,147620,147630,147644,147668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147621,147622,147624,147626,147628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147623,127],{"class":126},[61,147625,113],{"class":75},[61,147627,974],{"class":116},[61,147629,120],{"class":75},[61,147631,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147633,127],{"class":126},[61,147635,113],{"class":75},[61,147637,648],{"class":109},[61,147639,113],{"class":75},[61,147641,974],{"class":116},[61,147643,480],{"class":75},[61,147645,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147647,127],{"class":126},[61,147649,416],{"class":75},[61,147651,648],{"class":109},[61,147653,113],{"class":75},[61,147655,2422],{"class":116},[61,147657,3893],{"class":75},[61,147659,4107],{"class":1490},[61,147661,4110],{"class":116},[61,147663,1433],{"class":1490},[61,147665,4115],{"class":116},[61,147667,1474],{"class":75},[61,147669,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,147671,127],{"class":126},[61,147673,113],{"class":75},[61,147675,146123],{"class":126},[61,147677,416],{"class":75},[61,147679,1203],{"class":109},[61,147681,113],{"class":75},[61,147683,2422],{"class":116},[61,147685,3893],{"class":75},[61,147687,4107],{"class":1490},[61,147689,4110],{"class":116},[61,147691,1433],{"class":1490},[61,147693,4115],{"class":116},[61,147695,433],{"class":75},[14,147697,136019],{},[34,147699,147700,147706,147712,147717],{},[37,147701,147702,147705],{},[18,147703,147704],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[37,147707,147708,147711],{},[18,147709,147710],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[37,147713,147714,136041],{},[18,147715,147716],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[37,147718,147719,147722],{},[18,147720,147721],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[47,147724,1987],{"id":1986},[819,147726,5371,147728,5374],{"id":147727},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147729,146000],{},[14,147731,147732],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[819,147734,5398,147736,147738],{"id":147735},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147737,146000],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147740,30491,147741,1881,147744,147747],{},[18,147742,147743],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147745,147746],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[819,147749,5398,147751,147753],{"id":147750},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147752,146000],{}," work with floats?",[14,147755,147756],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[819,147758,147760,147761,2735],{"id":147759},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147762,146000],{},[14,147764,147765,147766,147768],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147767,36294],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[819,147770,2093,147772,119404,147774,2735],{"id":147771},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147773,146000],{},[18,147775,1334],{},[14,147777,147778],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[47,147780,2144],{"id":2143},[34,147782,147783,147787,147793,147799,147805,147809,147813],{},[37,147784,147785],{},[334,147786,146483],{"href":2664},[37,147788,147789],{},[334,147790,3808,147791,3741],{"href":36417},[18,147792,394],{},[37,147794,147795],{},[334,147796,3808,147797,3741],{"href":42581},[18,147798,42584],{},[37,147800,147801],{},[334,147802,3808,147803,3741],{"href":42398},[18,147804,47907],{},[37,147806,147807],{},[334,147808,5450],{"href":40230},[37,147810,147811],{},[334,147812,3758],{"href":3201},[37,147814,147815],{},[334,147816,147394],{"href":135286},[2169,147818,147819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":147821},[147822,147823,147825,147826,147827,147829,147837,147843,147850,147856,147857,147869],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":146079,"depth":101,"text":147824},"What sum() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":146257,"depth":101,"text":147828},"Using the start value",{"id":146359,"depth":101,"text":147830,"children":147831},"What sum() can work with",[147832,147833,147834,147836],{"id":40646,"depth":123,"text":40647},{"id":52269,"depth":123,"text":146425},{"id":146486,"depth":123,"text":147835},"Values from range()",{"id":146534,"depth":123,"text":146535},{"id":146608,"depth":101,"text":147838,"children":147839},"What sum() does not work with",[147840,147841,147842],{"id":146619,"depth":123,"text":146620},{"id":146736,"depth":123,"text":146737},{"id":146794,"depth":123,"text":146795},{"id":41726,"depth":101,"text":41727,"children":147844},[147845,147846,147847,147848],{"id":6752,"depth":123,"text":6753},{"id":146930,"depth":123,"text":146931},{"id":147078,"depth":123,"text":147079},{"id":147215,"depth":123,"text":147849},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147397,"depth":101,"text":147851,"children":147852},"sum() vs manual loop",[147853,147855],{"id":147408,"depth":123,"text":147854},"Using sum()",{"id":147462,"depth":123,"text":147463},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":147858},[147859,147861,147863,147865,147867],{"id":147727,"depth":123,"text":147860},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147735,"depth":123,"text":147862},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147750,"depth":123,"text":147864},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147759,"depth":123,"text":147866},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147771,"depth":123,"text":147868},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145992,"description":147870},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147877,"title":147878,"body":147879,"description":149281,"extension":2216,"meta":149282,"navigation":271,"path":149283,"seo":149284,"stem":149285,"__hash__":149286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147880,"toc":149249},[147881,147887,147893,147896,147959,147965,147970,147974,147991,148005,148009,148029,148043,148045,148138,148140,148154,148156,148159,148248,148250,148258,148267,148269,148273,148294,148296,148388,148390,148411,148413,148417,148431,148433,148507,148509,148528,148532,148535,148558,148560,148671,148678,148686,148688,148694,148697,148740,148743,148766,148774,148778,148853,148859,148884,148891,148894,148897,148901,148906,148994,149002,149006,149009,149034,149038,149099,149103,149152,149162,149164,149169,149172,149178,149181,149185,149189,149195,149198,149206,149214,149216,149246],[10,147882,147884,147885,11542],{"id":147883},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147886,57515],{},[14,147888,147889,147892],{},[18,147890,147891],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147894,147895],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[52,147897,147899],{"className":54,"code":147898,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147900,147901,147929,147947],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,147902,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,147904,68],{"class":67},[61,147906,72],{"class":71},[61,147908,942],{"class":75},[61,147910,80],{"class":79},[61,147912,83],{"class":75},[61,147914,86],{"class":79},[61,147916,83],{"class":75},[61,147918,86],{"class":79},[61,147920,83],{"class":75},[61,147922,95],{"class":79},[61,147924,83],{"class":75},[61,147926,86],{"class":79},[61,147928,120],{"class":75},[61,147930,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,147932,869],{"class":67},[61,147934,72],{"class":71},[61,147936,4490],{"class":67},[61,147938,26],{"class":75},[61,147940,41482],{"class":116},[61,147942,113],{"class":75},[61,147944,2310],{"class":79},[61,147946,120],{"class":75},[61,147948,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,147950,127],{"class":126},[61,147952,113],{"class":75},[61,147954,892],{"class":116},[61,147956,3893],{"class":75},[61,147958,50994],{"class":3896},[14,147960,165,147961,147964],{},[18,147962,147963],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[47,147966,3911,147968,3914],{"id":147967},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147969,147891],{},[14,147971,147972,378],{},[18,147973,147963],{},[34,147975,147976,147982,147985,147988],{},[37,147977,147978,147979,147981],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147980,1783],{}," appears in the tuple",[37,147983,147984],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[37,147986,147987],{},"Returns an integer",[37,147989,147990],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147992,147993,147994,147996,147997,1881,148001,26],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147995,57515],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[334,147998,148000],{"href":147999},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[334,148002,148004],{"href":148003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[47,148006,148008],{"id":148007},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[52,148010,148012],{"className":54,"code":148011,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,148013,148014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148015,148016,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148017,148018],{"class":67},"my_tuple",[61,148020,26],{"class":75},[61,148022,41482],{"class":116},[61,148024,113],{"class":75},[61,148026,1783],{"class":116},[61,148028,120],{"class":75},[34,148030,148031,148035,148038],{},[37,148032,148033,57680],{},[18,148034,1783],{},[37,148036,148037],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[37,148039,148040,148041],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,148042,582],{},[819,148044,103297],{"id":103296},[52,148046,148048],{"className":54,"code":148047,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,148049,148050,148090,148114],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148051,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148053,207],{"class":67},[61,148055,72],{"class":71},[61,148057,942],{"class":75},[61,148059,215],{"class":214},[61,148061,219],{"class":218},[61,148063,215],{"class":214},[61,148065,83],{"class":75},[61,148067,226],{"class":214},[61,148069,229],{"class":218},[61,148071,215],{"class":214},[61,148073,83],{"class":75},[61,148075,226],{"class":214},[61,148077,219],{"class":218},[61,148079,215],{"class":214},[61,148081,83],{"class":75},[61,148083,226],{"class":214},[61,148085,246],{"class":218},[61,148087,215],{"class":214},[61,148089,120],{"class":75},[61,148091,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148093,127],{"class":126},[61,148095,113],{"class":75},[61,148097,264],{"class":116},[61,148099,26],{"class":75},[61,148101,41482],{"class":116},[61,148103,113],{"class":75},[61,148105,215],{"class":214},[61,148107,219],{"class":218},[61,148109,215],{"class":214},[61,148111,5590],{"class":75},[61,148113,57870],{"class":3896},[61,148115,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148117,127],{"class":126},[61,148119,113],{"class":75},[61,148121,264],{"class":116},[61,148123,26],{"class":75},[61,148125,41482],{"class":116},[61,148127,113],{"class":75},[61,148129,215],{"class":214},[61,148131,22744],{"class":218},[61,148133,215],{"class":214},[61,148135,5590],{"class":75},[61,148137,51470],{"class":3896},[14,148139,20177],{},[34,148141,148142,148147],{},[37,148143,148144,148146],{},[18,148145,328],{}," appears 2 times",[37,148148,148149,148151,148152],{},[18,148150,109815],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148153,582],{},[47,148155,11696],{"id":11695},[14,148157,148158],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[52,148160,148162],{"className":54,"code":148161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148163,148164,148212,148216,148238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148165,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148167,36460],{"class":67},[61,148169,72],{"class":71},[61,148171,942],{"class":75},[61,148173,215],{"class":214},[61,148175,2042],{"class":218},[61,148177,215],{"class":214},[61,148179,83],{"class":75},[61,148181,226],{"class":214},[61,148183,1040],{"class":218},[61,148185,215],{"class":214},[61,148187,83],{"class":75},[61,148189,226],{"class":214},[61,148191,2042],{"class":218},[61,148193,215],{"class":214},[61,148195,83],{"class":75},[61,148197,226],{"class":214},[61,148199,33442],{"class":218},[61,148201,215],{"class":214},[61,148203,83],{"class":75},[61,148205,226],{"class":214},[61,148207,2042],{"class":218},[61,148209,215],{"class":214},[61,148211,120],{"class":75},[61,148213,148214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148215,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,148217,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148219,869],{"class":67},[61,148221,72],{"class":71},[61,148223,53075],{"class":67},[61,148225,26],{"class":75},[61,148227,41482],{"class":116},[61,148229,113],{"class":75},[61,148231,215],{"class":214},[61,148233,2042],{"class":218},[61,148235,215],{"class":214},[61,148237,120],{"class":75},[61,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,148241,127],{"class":126},[61,148243,113],{"class":75},[61,148245,892],{"class":116},[61,148247,120],{"class":75},[14,148249,139],{},[52,148251,148252],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,148253,148254],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148255,148256],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148257,46840],{"class":79},[14,148259,148260,148262,148263,2642,148265,26],{},[18,148261,58058],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148264,57515],{},[18,148266,1321],{},[47,148268,38241],{"id":38240},[14,148270,57769,148271,128754],{},[18,148272,57515],{},[34,148274,148275,148280,148285,148288],{},[37,148276,11644,148277,148279],{},[18,148278,582],{}," when the value does not exist",[37,148281,11644,148282,148284],{},[18,148283,80],{}," when the value appears once",[37,148286,148287],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[37,148289,148290,148291,148293],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148292,7227],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148295,197],{},[52,148297,148299],{"className":54,"code":148298,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148300,148301,148342,148346,148373],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148302,148303,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148304,148305],{"class":67},"answers ",[61,148307,72],{"class":71},[61,148309,942],{"class":75},[61,148311,215],{"class":214},[61,148313,8887],{"class":218},[61,148315,215],{"class":214},[61,148317,83],{"class":75},[61,148319,226],{"class":214},[61,148321,8827],{"class":218},[61,148323,215],{"class":214},[61,148325,83],{"class":75},[61,148327,226],{"class":214},[61,148329,8887],{"class":218},[61,148331,215],{"class":214},[61,148333,83],{"class":75},[61,148335,226],{"class":214},[61,148337,8887],{"class":218},[61,148339,215],{"class":214},[61,148341,120],{"class":75},[61,148343,148344],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148345,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,148347,148348,148350,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148349,7227],{"class":1490},[61,148351,148352],{"class":67}," answers",[61,148354,26],{"class":75},[61,148356,41482],{"class":116},[61,148358,113],{"class":75},[61,148360,215],{"class":214},[61,148362,8887],{"class":218},[61,148364,215],{"class":214},[61,148366,3893],{"class":75},[61,148368,38617],{"class":71},[61,148370,587],{"class":79},[61,148372,6621],{"class":75},[61,148374,148375,148377,148379,148381,148384,148386],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,148376,8299],{"class":126},[61,148378,113],{"class":75},[61,148380,215],{"class":214},[61,148382,148383],{"class":218},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[61,148385,215],{"class":214},[61,148387,120],{"class":75},[14,148389,139],{},[52,148391,148393],{"className":54,"code":148392,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148394,148395],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148396,148397,148400,148402,148404,148406,148409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148398,148399],{"class":67},"The answer ",[61,148401,299],{"class":214},[61,148403,8887],{"class":218},[61,148405,299],{"class":214},[61,148407,148408],{"class":67}," appears more than once",[61,148410,122398],{"class":75},[47,148412,41268],{"id":41267},[14,148414,29,148415,32],{},[18,148416,147891],{},[34,148418,148419,148422,148425,148428],{},[37,148420,148421],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[37,148423,148424],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[37,148426,148427],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[37,148429,148430],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148432,197],{},[52,148434,148436],{"className":54,"code":148435,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148437,148438,148466,148470,148492],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148439,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148441,5292],{"class":67},[61,148443,72],{"class":71},[61,148445,942],{"class":75},[61,148447,447],{"class":79},[61,148449,83],{"class":75},[61,148451,452],{"class":79},[61,148453,83],{"class":75},[61,148455,457],{"class":79},[61,148457,83],{"class":75},[61,148459,8025],{"class":79},[61,148461,83],{"class":75},[61,148463,457],{"class":79},[61,148465,120],{"class":75},[61,148467,148468],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148469,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,148471,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148473,7227],{"class":1490},[61,148475,5339],{"class":67},[61,148477,26],{"class":75},[61,148479,41482],{"class":116},[61,148481,113],{"class":75},[61,148483,447],{"class":79},[61,148485,3893],{"class":75},[61,148487,51511],{"class":71},[61,148489,86],{"class":79},[61,148491,6621],{"class":75},[61,148493,148494,148496,148498,148500,148503,148505],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,148495,8299],{"class":126},[61,148497,113],{"class":75},[61,148499,215],{"class":214},[61,148501,148502],{"class":218},"The score 10 is repeated.",[61,148504,215],{"class":214},[61,148506,120],{"class":75},[14,148508,139],{},[52,148510,148512],{"className":54,"code":148511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148513,148514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148515,148516,148519,148521,148523,148526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148517,148518],{"class":67},"The score ",[61,148520,447],{"class":79},[61,148522,8326],{"class":71},[61,148524,148525],{"class":67}," repeated",[61,148527,122398],{"class":75},[47,148529,148531],{"id":148530},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148533,148534],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[34,148536,148537,148543,148548,148551],{},[37,148538,148539,148540,148542],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148541,57515],{}," still works because it only reads data",[37,148544,148545,148547],{},[18,148546,57515],{}," counts exact matches",[37,148549,148550],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[37,148552,148553,4621,148555,148557],{},[18,148554,80],{},[18,148556,42381],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148559,197],{},[52,148561,148563],{"className":54,"code":148562,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148564,148565,148599,148603,148623,148647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148566,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148580,148582,148584,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148568,937],{"class":67},[61,148570,72],{"class":71},[61,148572,942],{"class":75},[61,148574,80],{"class":79},[61,148576,83],{"class":75},[61,148578,148579],{"class":79}," 1.0",[61,148581,83],{"class":75},[61,148583,226],{"class":214},[61,148585,148586],{"class":218},"Cat",[61,148588,215],{"class":214},[61,148590,83],{"class":75},[61,148592,226],{"class":214},[61,148594,37269],{"class":218},[61,148596,215],{"class":214},[61,148598,120],{"class":75},[61,148600,148601],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148602,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,148604,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148606,127],{"class":126},[61,148608,113],{"class":75},[61,148610,974],{"class":116},[61,148612,26],{"class":75},[61,148614,41482],{"class":116},[61,148616,113],{"class":75},[61,148618,80],{"class":79},[61,148620,5590],{"class":75},[61,148622,51318],{"class":3896},[61,148624,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,148626,127],{"class":126},[61,148628,113],{"class":75},[61,148630,974],{"class":116},[61,148632,26],{"class":75},[61,148634,41482],{"class":116},[61,148636,113],{"class":75},[61,148638,215],{"class":214},[61,148640,148586],{"class":218},[61,148642,215],{"class":214},[61,148644,5590],{"class":75},[61,148646,28001],{"class":3896},[61,148648,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,148650,127],{"class":126},[61,148652,113],{"class":75},[61,148654,974],{"class":116},[61,148656,26],{"class":75},[61,148658,41482],{"class":116},[61,148660,113],{"class":75},[61,148662,215],{"class":214},[61,148664,37269],{"class":218},[61,148666,215],{"class":214},[61,148668,5590],{"class":75},[61,148670,28001],{"class":3896},[14,148672,2093,148673,5389,148676,2735],{},[18,148674,148675],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148677,2310],{},[14,148679,9014,148680,5011,148683,148685],{},[18,148681,148682],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148684,3837],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[47,148687,1741],{"id":1740},[819,148689,1750,148691,148693],{"id":148690},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148692,41482],{}," without parentheses",[14,148695,148696],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[52,148698,148700],{"className":54,"code":148699,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148701,148702,148726],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148703,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148705,68],{"class":67},[61,148707,72],{"class":71},[61,148709,942],{"class":75},[61,148711,80],{"class":79},[61,148713,83],{"class":75},[61,148715,86],{"class":79},[61,148717,83],{"class":75},[61,148719,86],{"class":79},[61,148721,83],{"class":75},[61,148723,95],{"class":79},[61,148725,120],{"class":75},[61,148727,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148729,127],{"class":126},[61,148731,113],{"class":75},[61,148733,117],{"class":116},[61,148735,26],{"class":75},[61,148737,41482],{"class":24971},[61,148739,120],{"class":75},[14,148741,148742],{},"To call the method correctly:",[52,148744,148746],{"className":54,"code":148745,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148747,148748],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148749,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148751,127],{"class":126},[61,148753,113],{"class":75},[61,148755,117],{"class":116},[61,148757,26],{"class":75},[61,148759,41482],{"class":116},[61,148761,113],{"class":75},[61,148763,2310],{"class":79},[61,148765,480],{"class":75},[819,148767,1864,148768,8685,148770,1881,148772],{"id":58818},[18,148769,57515],{},[18,148771,3837],{},[18,148773,3907],{},[14,148775,148776,58829],{},[18,148777,57515],{},[52,148779,148781],{"className":54,"code":148780,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148782,148783,148815,148837,148841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148784,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148786,36312],{"class":67},[61,148788,72],{"class":71},[61,148790,942],{"class":75},[61,148792,215],{"class":214},[61,148794,334],{"class":218},[61,148796,215],{"class":214},[61,148798,83],{"class":75},[61,148800,226],{"class":214},[61,148802,765],{"class":218},[61,148804,215],{"class":214},[61,148806,83],{"class":75},[61,148808,226],{"class":214},[61,148810,334],{"class":218},[61,148812,215],{"class":214},[61,148814,120],{"class":75},[61,148816,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831,148833,148835],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148818,869],{"class":67},[61,148820,72],{"class":71},[61,148822,70313],{"class":67},[61,148824,26],{"class":75},[61,148826,41482],{"class":116},[61,148828,113],{"class":75},[61,148830,215],{"class":214},[61,148832,334],{"class":218},[61,148834,215],{"class":214},[61,148836,120],{"class":75},[61,148838,148839],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148840,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,148842,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,148844,127],{"class":126},[61,148846,113],{"class":75},[61,148848,892],{"class":116},[61,148850,3893],{"class":75},[61,148852,51638],{"class":3896},[14,148854,148855,148856,148858],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148857,1433],{}," is often simpler:",[52,148860,148862],{"className":54,"code":148861,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148863,148864],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148865,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148867,127],{"class":126},[61,148869,113],{"class":75},[61,148871,215],{"class":214},[61,148873,334],{"class":218},[61,148875,215],{"class":214},[61,148877,1491],{"class":1490},[61,148879,70313],{"class":116},[61,148881,3893],{"class":75},[61,148883,3897],{"class":3896},[819,148885,1874,148887,1877,148889],{"id":148886},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148888,147891],{},[18,148890,57520],{},[14,148892,148893],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148895,148896],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[819,148898,148900],{"id":148899},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148902,148903,148905],{},[18,148904,57515],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[52,148907,148909],{"className":54,"code":148908,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148910,148911,148944,148970],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,148912,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940,148942],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,148914,4298],{"class":67},[61,148916,72],{"class":71},[61,148918,942],{"class":75},[61,148920,215],{"class":214},[61,148922,2042],{"class":218},[61,148924,215],{"class":214},[61,148926,83],{"class":75},[61,148928,226],{"class":214},[61,148930,148931],{"class":218},"pineapple",[61,148933,215],{"class":214},[61,148935,83],{"class":75},[61,148937,226],{"class":214},[61,148939,2042],{"class":218},[61,148941,215],{"class":214},[61,148943,120],{"class":75},[61,148945,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148963,148965,148967],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,148947,127],{"class":126},[61,148949,113],{"class":75},[61,148951,4340],{"class":116},[61,148953,26],{"class":75},[61,148955,41482],{"class":116},[61,148957,113],{"class":75},[61,148959,215],{"class":214},[61,148961,148962],{"class":218},"app",[61,148964,215],{"class":214},[61,148966,5590],{"class":75},[61,148968,148969],{"class":3896},"    # 0\n",[61,148971,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,148973,127],{"class":126},[61,148975,113],{"class":75},[61,148977,4340],{"class":116},[61,148979,26],{"class":75},[61,148981,41482],{"class":116},[61,148983,113],{"class":75},[61,148985,215],{"class":214},[61,148987,2042],{"class":218},[61,148989,215],{"class":214},[61,148991,5590],{"class":75},[61,148993,51638],{"class":3896},[14,148995,148996,148999,149000,26],{},[18,148997,148998],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,149001,582],{},[47,149003,149005],{"id":149004},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149007,149008],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[34,149010,149011,149016,149025,149031],{},[37,149012,165,149013,149015],{},[18,149014,1433],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[37,149017,165,149018,149024],{},[334,149019,149021,149022],{"href":149020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,149023,59193],{}," to find the position of a value",[37,149026,165,149027,149030],{},[18,149028,149029],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[37,149032,149033],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149035,46264,149036,378],{},[18,149037,1433],{},[52,149039,149041],{"className":54,"code":149040,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,149042,149043,149063,149067,149083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149044,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149046,68],{"class":67},[61,149048,72],{"class":71},[61,149050,942],{"class":75},[61,149052,498],{"class":79},[61,149054,83],{"class":75},[61,149056,6222],{"class":79},[61,149058,83],{"class":75},[61,149060,54360],{"class":79},[61,149062,120],{"class":75},[61,149064,149065],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149066,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,149068,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149070,127],{"class":126},[61,149072,113],{"class":75},[61,149074,2278],{"class":79},[61,149076,1491],{"class":1490},[61,149078,4490],{"class":116},[61,149080,3893],{"class":75},[61,149082,44079],{"class":3896},[61,149084,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,149086,127],{"class":126},[61,149088,113],{"class":75},[61,149090,945],{"class":79},[61,149092,1491],{"class":1490},[61,149094,4490],{"class":116},[61,149096,3893],{"class":75},[61,149098,44096],{"class":3896},[14,149100,46264,149101,378],{},[18,149102,59193],{},[52,149104,149106],{"className":54,"code":149105,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149107,149108,149132],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149109,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149111,68],{"class":67},[61,149113,72],{"class":71},[61,149115,942],{"class":75},[61,149117,498],{"class":79},[61,149119,83],{"class":75},[61,149121,6222],{"class":79},[61,149123,83],{"class":75},[61,149125,54360],{"class":79},[61,149127,83],{"class":75},[61,149129,6222],{"class":79},[61,149131,120],{"class":75},[61,149133,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149135,127],{"class":126},[61,149137,113],{"class":75},[61,149139,117],{"class":116},[61,149141,26],{"class":75},[61,149143,36067],{"class":116},[61,149145,113],{"class":75},[61,149147,2278],{"class":79},[61,149149,5590],{"class":75},[61,149151,28001],{"class":3896},[14,149153,149154,149156,149157,149159,149161],{},[18,149155,57515],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10067,149158],{},[18,149160,59193],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[47,149163,1987],{"id":1986},[819,149165,5371,149167,5374],{"id":149166},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149168,147891],{},[14,149170,149171],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[819,149173,12927,149175,149177],{"id":149174},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149176,147891],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149179,149180],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[819,149182,149184],{"id":149183},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149186,12133,149187,26],{},[18,149188,582],{},[819,149190,5398,149192,149194],{"id":149191},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149193,147891],{}," count strings?",[14,149196,149197],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[819,149199,5408,149201,4621,149203,2735],{"id":149200},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149202,147891],{},[18,149204,149205],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149207,149208,149210,149211,149213],{},[18,149209,57515],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149212,59193],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[47,149215,2144],{"id":2143},[34,149217,149218,149222,149227,149234,149242],{},[37,149219,149220],{},[334,149221,148000],{"href":147999},[37,149223,149224],{},[334,149225,149226],{"href":148003},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[37,149228,149229],{},[334,149230,149231,149232,10961],{"href":149020},"Python tuple ",[18,149233,59193],{},[37,149235,149236],{},[334,149237,149239,149240],{"href":149238},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149241,42584],{},[37,149243,149244],{},[334,149245,59181],{"href":59180},[2169,149247,149248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":149250},[149251,149253,149256,149257,149258,149259,149260,149268,149269,149280],{"id":147967,"depth":101,"text":149252},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148007,"depth":101,"text":148008,"children":149254},[149255],{"id":103296,"depth":123,"text":103297},{"id":11695,"depth":101,"text":11696},{"id":38240,"depth":101,"text":38241},{"id":41267,"depth":101,"text":41268},{"id":148530,"depth":101,"text":148531},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":149261},[149262,149264,149265,149267],{"id":148690,"depth":123,"text":149263},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58818,"depth":123,"text":59234},{"id":148886,"depth":123,"text":149266},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148899,"depth":123,"text":148900},{"id":149004,"depth":101,"text":149005},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":149270},[149271,149273,149275,149276,149278],{"id":149166,"depth":123,"text":149272},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149174,"depth":123,"text":149274},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149183,"depth":123,"text":149184},{"id":149191,"depth":123,"text":149277},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149200,"depth":123,"text":149279},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147878,"description":149281},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149288,"title":149289,"body":149290,"description":150977,"extension":2216,"meta":150978,"navigation":271,"path":150979,"seo":150980,"stem":150981,"__hash__":150982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149291,"toc":150940},[149292,149295,149298,149307,149309,149439,149441,149502,149508,149510,149530,149534,149537,149540,149575,149577,149598,149601,149640,149642,149667,149674,149678,149681,149718,149720,149743,149746,149749,149761,149767,149771,149774,149780,149821,149823,149846,149849,149890,149892,149919,149921,149938,149940,149957,149960,149964,149967,149969,150003,150005,150052,150056,150095,150099,150102,150159,150161,150202,150208,150214,150219,150221,150258,150260,150280,150282,150315,150317,150350,150353,150357,150390,150392,150417,150420,150422,150436,150443,150445,150448,150452,150455,150490,150493,150528,150532,150535,150574,150577,150616,150620,150622,150652,150655,150662,150664,150696,150699,150731,150734,150765,150767,150784,150788,150791,150855,150857,150861,150868,150872,150875,150879,150882,150886,150889,150894,150900,150902,150937],[10,149293,149289],{"id":149294},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149296,149297],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149299,149300,149301,1881,149305,26],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[334,149302,149304],{"href":149303},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[334,149306,148000],{"href":147999},[47,149308,50],{"id":49},[52,149310,149312],{"className":54,"code":149311,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149313,149314,149334,149343,149357,149393,149397,149407,149417,149428],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149317,68],{"class":67},[61,149319,72],{"class":71},[61,149321,942],{"class":75},[61,149323,80],{"class":79},[61,149325,83],{"class":75},[61,149327,86],{"class":79},[61,149329,83],{"class":75},[61,149331,95],{"class":79},[61,149333,120],{"class":75},[61,149335,149336,149338,149340],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149337,124864],{"class":67},[61,149339,72],{"class":71},[61,149341,149342],{"class":75}," ()\n",[61,149344,149345,149348,149350,149352,149354],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149346,149347],{"class":67},"one_item ",[61,149349,72],{"class":71},[61,149351,942],{"class":75},[61,149353,945],{"class":79},[61,149355,149356],{"class":75},",)\n",[61,149358,149359,149362,149364,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,149360,149361],{"class":67},"from_list ",[61,149363,72],{"class":71},[61,149365,149366],{"class":109}," tuple",[61,149368,416],{"class":75},[61,149370,215],{"class":214},[61,149372,334],{"class":218},[61,149374,215],{"class":214},[61,149376,83],{"class":75},[61,149378,226],{"class":214},[61,149380,765],{"class":218},[61,149382,215],{"class":214},[61,149384,83],{"class":75},[61,149386,226],{"class":214},[61,149388,9961],{"class":218},[61,149390,215],{"class":214},[61,149392,1474],{"class":75},[61,149394,149395],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,149396,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,149400,127],{"class":126},[61,149402,113],{"class":75},[61,149404,117],{"class":116},[61,149406,120],{"class":75},[61,149408,149409,149411,149413,149415],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,149410,127],{"class":126},[61,149412,113],{"class":75},[61,149414,124915],{"class":116},[61,149416,120],{"class":75},[61,149418,149419,149421,149423,149426],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,149420,127],{"class":126},[61,149422,113],{"class":75},[61,149424,149425],{"class":116},"one_item",[61,149427,120],{"class":75},[61,149429,149430,149432,149434,149437],{"class":63,"line":6660},[61,149431,127],{"class":126},[61,149433,113],{"class":75},[61,149435,149436],{"class":116},"from_list",[61,149438,120],{"class":75},[14,149440,139],{},[52,149442,149444],{"className":54,"code":149443,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149445,149446,149462,149466,149474],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149447,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149449,113],{"class":75},[61,149451,80],{"class":79},[61,149453,83],{"class":75},[61,149455,86],{"class":79},[61,149457,83],{"class":75},[61,149459,95],{"class":79},[61,149461,120],{"class":75},[61,149463,149464],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149465,628],{"class":75},[61,149467,149468,149470,149472],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149469,113],{"class":75},[61,149471,945],{"class":79},[61,149473,149356],{"class":75},[61,149475,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,149477,113],{"class":75},[61,149479,299],{"class":214},[61,149481,334],{"class":218},[61,149483,299],{"class":214},[61,149485,83],{"class":75},[61,149487,308],{"class":214},[61,149489,765],{"class":218},[61,149491,299],{"class":214},[61,149493,83],{"class":75},[61,149495,308],{"class":214},[61,149497,9961],{"class":218},[61,149499,299],{"class":214},[61,149501,120],{"class":75},[14,149503,149504,149505,26],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149506,149507],{},"(5,)",[47,149509,15384],{"id":15383},[34,149511,149512,149515,149518,149521,149524,149527],{},[37,149513,149514],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[37,149516,149517],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[37,149519,149520],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[37,149522,149523],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[37,149525,149526],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[37,149528,149529],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[47,149531,149533],{"id":149532},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149535,149536],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149538,149539],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[52,149541,149543],{"className":54,"code":149542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149544,149545,149565],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149548,68],{"class":67},[61,149550,72],{"class":71},[61,149552,942],{"class":75},[61,149554,80],{"class":79},[61,149556,83],{"class":75},[61,149558,86],{"class":79},[61,149560,83],{"class":75},[61,149562,95],{"class":79},[61,149564,120],{"class":75},[61,149566,149567,149569,149571,149573],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149568,127],{"class":126},[61,149570,113],{"class":75},[61,149572,117],{"class":116},[61,149574,120],{"class":75},[14,149576,139],{},[52,149578,149580],{"className":54,"code":149579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149581,149582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149583,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149585,113],{"class":75},[61,149587,80],{"class":79},[61,149589,83],{"class":75},[61,149591,86],{"class":79},[61,149593,83],{"class":75},[61,149595,95],{"class":79},[61,149597,120],{"class":75},[14,149599,149600],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[52,149602,149604],{"className":54,"code":149603,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149605,149606,149630],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149607,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149609,9390],{"class":67},[61,149611,72],{"class":71},[61,149613,942],{"class":75},[61,149615,80],{"class":79},[61,149617,83],{"class":75},[61,149619,226],{"class":214},[61,149621,2042],{"class":218},[61,149623,215],{"class":214},[61,149625,83],{"class":75},[61,149627,4145],{"class":1523},[61,149629,120],{"class":75},[61,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149633,127],{"class":126},[61,149635,113],{"class":75},[61,149637,9429],{"class":116},[61,149639,120],{"class":75},[14,149641,139],{},[52,149643,149645],{"className":54,"code":149644,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149646,149647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149648,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149650,113],{"class":75},[61,149652,80],{"class":79},[61,149654,83],{"class":75},[61,149656,308],{"class":214},[61,149658,2042],{"class":218},[61,149660,299],{"class":214},[61,149662,83],{"class":75},[61,149664,4145],{"class":1523},[61,149666,120],{"class":75},[14,149668,149669,149670,26],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[334,149671,149673],{"href":149672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[47,149675,149677],{"id":149676},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149679,149680],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[52,149682,149684],{"className":54,"code":149683,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149685,149686,149694,149704],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149687,149688,149690,149692],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149689,124864],{"class":67},[61,149691,72],{"class":71},[61,149693,149342],{"class":75},[61,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149697,127],{"class":126},[61,149699,113],{"class":75},[61,149701,124915],{"class":116},[61,149703,120],{"class":75},[61,149705,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149707,127],{"class":126},[61,149709,113],{"class":75},[61,149711,648],{"class":109},[61,149713,113],{"class":75},[61,149715,124915],{"class":116},[61,149717,480],{"class":75},[14,149719,139],{},[52,149721,149723],{"className":54,"code":149722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149724,149725,149729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149726,149727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149728,628],{"class":75},[61,149730,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149732,672],{"class":71},[61,149734,676],{"class":675},[61,149736,308],{"class":214},[61,149738,386],{"class":218},[61,149740,299],{"class":214},[61,149742,685],{"class":71},[14,149744,149745],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149747,149748],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[34,149750,149751,149756],{},[37,149752,149753,149754],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149755,7596],{},[37,149757,149758,149759],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149760,4021],{},[14,149762,149763,149764,26],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[334,149765,149766],{"href":57378},"Python list: creating a list",[47,149768,149770],{"id":149769},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149772,149773],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149775,149776,149777,149779],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[23,149778,704],{}," automatically a tuple:",[52,149781,149783],{"className":54,"code":149782,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149784,149785,149797,149807],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149786,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149788,1766],{"class":67},[61,149790,72],{"class":71},[61,149792,942],{"class":75},[61,149794,945],{"class":79},[61,149796,120],{"class":75},[61,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149800,127],{"class":126},[61,149802,113],{"class":75},[61,149804,1783],{"class":116},[61,149806,120],{"class":75},[61,149808,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149810,127],{"class":126},[61,149812,113],{"class":75},[61,149814,648],{"class":109},[61,149816,113],{"class":75},[61,149818,1783],{"class":116},[61,149820,480],{"class":75},[14,149822,139],{},[52,149824,149826],{"className":54,"code":149825,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149827,149828,149832],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149829,149830],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149831,3186],{"class":79},[61,149833,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149835,672],{"class":71},[61,149837,676],{"class":675},[61,149839,308],{"class":214},[61,149841,1203],{"class":218},[61,149843,299],{"class":214},[61,149845,685],{"class":71},[14,149847,149848],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[52,149850,149852],{"className":54,"code":149851,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149853,149854,149866,149876],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149855,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149857,149347],{"class":67},[61,149859,72],{"class":71},[61,149861,942],{"class":75},[61,149863,945],{"class":79},[61,149865,149356],{"class":75},[61,149867,149868,149870,149872,149874],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149869,127],{"class":126},[61,149871,113],{"class":75},[61,149873,149425],{"class":116},[61,149875,120],{"class":75},[61,149877,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,149879,127],{"class":126},[61,149881,113],{"class":75},[61,149883,648],{"class":109},[61,149885,113],{"class":75},[61,149887,149425],{"class":116},[61,149889,480],{"class":75},[14,149891,139],{},[52,149893,149895],{"className":54,"code":149894,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149896,149897,149905],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149898,149899,149901,149903],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149900,113],{"class":75},[61,149902,945],{"class":79},[61,149904,149356],{"class":75},[61,149906,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149908,672],{"class":71},[61,149910,676],{"class":675},[61,149912,308],{"class":214},[61,149914,386],{"class":218},[61,149916,299],{"class":214},[61,149918,685],{"class":71},[14,149920,16876],{},[52,149922,149924],{"className":54,"code":149923,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149925,149926],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149927,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149929,113],{"class":75},[61,149931,215],{"class":214},[61,149933,2042],{"class":218},[61,149935,215],{"class":214},[61,149937,149356],{"class":75},[14,149939,16864],{},[52,149941,149943],{"className":54,"code":149942,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149944,149945],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149946,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149948,113],{"class":75},[61,149950,215],{"class":214},[61,149952,2042],{"class":218},[61,149954,215],{"class":214},[61,149956,120],{"class":75},[14,149958,149959],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[47,149961,149963],{"id":149962},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149965,149966],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[819,149968,56686],{"id":117},[52,149970,149971],{"className":54,"code":149542,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,149972,149973,149993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,149976,68],{"class":67},[61,149978,72],{"class":71},[61,149980,942],{"class":75},[61,149982,80],{"class":79},[61,149984,83],{"class":75},[61,149986,86],{"class":79},[61,149988,83],{"class":75},[61,149990,95],{"class":79},[61,149992,120],{"class":75},[61,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,149996,127],{"class":126},[61,149998,113],{"class":75},[61,150000,117],{"class":116},[61,150002,120],{"class":75},[819,150004,56689],{"id":5538},[52,150006,150008],{"className":54,"code":150007,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,150009,150010,150042],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150011,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150013,207],{"class":67},[61,150015,72],{"class":71},[61,150017,942],{"class":75},[61,150019,215],{"class":214},[61,150021,219],{"class":218},[61,150023,215],{"class":214},[61,150025,83],{"class":75},[61,150027,226],{"class":214},[61,150029,246],{"class":218},[61,150031,215],{"class":214},[61,150033,83],{"class":75},[61,150035,226],{"class":214},[61,150037,229],{"class":218},[61,150039,215],{"class":214},[61,150041,120],{"class":75},[61,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150045,127],{"class":126},[61,150047,113],{"class":75},[61,150049,264],{"class":116},[61,150051,120],{"class":75},[819,150053,150055],{"id":150054},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[52,150057,150059],{"className":54,"code":150058,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,150060,150061,150085],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150062,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150064,59698],{"class":67},[61,150066,72],{"class":71},[61,150068,942],{"class":75},[61,150070,80],{"class":79},[61,150072,83],{"class":75},[61,150074,226],{"class":214},[61,150076,2042],{"class":218},[61,150078,215],{"class":214},[61,150080,83],{"class":75},[61,150082,4145],{"class":1523},[61,150084,120],{"class":75},[61,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150088,127],{"class":126},[61,150090,113],{"class":75},[61,150092,59751],{"class":116},[61,150094,120],{"class":75},[819,150096,150098],{"id":150097},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150100,150101],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[52,150103,150105],{"className":54,"code":150104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150106,150107,150148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150108,150109,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150110,150111],{"class":67},"nested ",[61,150113,72],{"class":71},[61,150115,942],{"class":75},[61,150117,80],{"class":79},[61,150119,83],{"class":75},[61,150121,942],{"class":75},[61,150123,215],{"class":214},[61,150125,334],{"class":218},[61,150127,215],{"class":214},[61,150129,83],{"class":75},[61,150131,226],{"class":214},[61,150133,765],{"class":218},[61,150135,215],{"class":214},[61,150137,1362],{"class":75},[61,150139,76],{"class":75},[61,150141,447],{"class":79},[61,150143,83],{"class":75},[61,150145,452],{"class":79},[61,150147,1474],{"class":75},[61,150149,150150,150152,150154,150157],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150151,127],{"class":126},[61,150153,113],{"class":75},[61,150155,150156],{"class":116},"nested",[61,150158,120],{"class":75},[14,150160,139],{},[52,150162,150164],{"className":54,"code":150163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150165,150166],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150167,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150169,113],{"class":75},[61,150171,80],{"class":79},[61,150173,83],{"class":75},[61,150175,942],{"class":75},[61,150177,299],{"class":214},[61,150179,334],{"class":218},[61,150181,299],{"class":214},[61,150183,83],{"class":75},[61,150185,308],{"class":214},[61,150187,765],{"class":218},[61,150189,299],{"class":214},[61,150191,1362],{"class":75},[61,150193,76],{"class":75},[61,150195,447],{"class":79},[61,150197,83],{"class":75},[61,150199,452],{"class":79},[61,150201,1474],{"class":75},[47,150203,150205,150206],{"id":150204},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150207,38267],{},[14,150209,150210,150211,150213],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150212,38267],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150215,150216,150217,26],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[334,150218,63436],{"href":63435},[819,150220,822],{"id":821},[52,150222,150224],{"className":54,"code":150223,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150225,150226,150248],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150227,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150229,68],{"class":67},[61,150231,72],{"class":71},[61,150233,149366],{"class":109},[61,150235,416],{"class":75},[61,150237,80],{"class":79},[61,150239,83],{"class":75},[61,150241,86],{"class":79},[61,150243,83],{"class":75},[61,150245,95],{"class":79},[61,150247,1474],{"class":75},[61,150249,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150251,127],{"class":126},[61,150253,113],{"class":75},[61,150255,117],{"class":116},[61,150257,120],{"class":75},[14,150259,139],{},[52,150261,150262],{"className":54,"code":149579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,150263,150264],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150265,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150267,113],{"class":75},[61,150269,80],{"class":79},[61,150271,83],{"class":75},[61,150273,86],{"class":79},[61,150275,83],{"class":75},[61,150277,95],{"class":79},[61,150279,120],{"class":75},[819,150281,1017],{"id":1016},[52,150283,150285],{"className":54,"code":150284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150286,150287,150305],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150288,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150290,36312],{"class":67},[61,150292,72],{"class":71},[61,150294,149366],{"class":109},[61,150296,113],{"class":75},[61,150298,215],{"class":214},[61,150300,41783],{"class":218},[61,150302,215],{"class":214},[61,150304,120],{"class":75},[61,150306,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150308,127],{"class":126},[61,150310,113],{"class":75},[61,150312,36365],{"class":116},[61,150314,120],{"class":75},[14,150316,139],{},[52,150318,150320],{"className":54,"code":150319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150321,150322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150323,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150325,113],{"class":75},[61,150327,299],{"class":214},[61,150329,334],{"class":218},[61,150331,299],{"class":214},[61,150333,83],{"class":75},[61,150335,308],{"class":214},[61,150337,765],{"class":218},[61,150339,299],{"class":214},[61,150341,83],{"class":75},[61,150343,308],{"class":214},[61,150345,9961],{"class":218},[61,150347,299],{"class":214},[61,150349,120],{"class":75},[14,150351,150352],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[819,150354,150356],{"id":150355},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[52,150358,150360],{"className":54,"code":150359,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150361,150362,150380],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150363,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150365,937],{"class":67},[61,150367,72],{"class":71},[61,150369,149366],{"class":109},[61,150371,113],{"class":75},[61,150373,493],{"class":126},[61,150375,113],{"class":75},[61,150377,498],{"class":79},[61,150379,480],{"class":75},[61,150381,150382,150384,150386,150388],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150383,127],{"class":126},[61,150385,113],{"class":75},[61,150387,974],{"class":116},[61,150389,120],{"class":75},[14,150391,139],{},[52,150393,150395],{"className":54,"code":150394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150396,150397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150400,113],{"class":75},[61,150402,582],{"class":79},[61,150404,83],{"class":75},[61,150406,587],{"class":79},[61,150408,83],{"class":75},[61,150410,86],{"class":79},[61,150412,83],{"class":75},[61,150414,95],{"class":79},[61,150416,120],{"class":75},[14,150418,150419],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[47,150421,21021],{"id":21020},[34,150423,150424,150427,150430,150433],{},[37,150425,150426],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[37,150428,150429],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[37,150431,150432],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[37,150434,150435],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150437,150438,150439,26],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[334,150440,150442],{"href":150441},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[47,150444,1741],{"id":1740},[14,150446,150447],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[819,150449,150451],{"id":150450},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150453,150454],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[52,150456,150458],{"className":54,"code":150457,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150459,150460,150476],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150461,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150463,28760],{"class":67},[61,150465,72],{"class":71},[61,150467,942],{"class":75},[61,150469,215],{"class":214},[61,150471,2042],{"class":218},[61,150473,215],{"class":214},[61,150475,120],{"class":75},[61,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150479,127],{"class":126},[61,150481,113],{"class":75},[61,150483,648],{"class":109},[61,150485,113],{"class":75},[61,150487,23531],{"class":116},[61,150489,480],{"class":75},[14,150491,150492],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[52,150494,150496],{"className":54,"code":150495,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150497,150498,150514],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150499,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150501,28760],{"class":67},[61,150503,72],{"class":71},[61,150505,942],{"class":75},[61,150507,215],{"class":214},[61,150509,2042],{"class":218},[61,150511,215],{"class":214},[61,150513,149356],{"class":75},[61,150515,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150517,127],{"class":126},[61,150519,113],{"class":75},[61,150521,648],{"class":109},[61,150523,113],{"class":75},[61,150525,23531],{"class":116},[61,150527,480],{"class":75},[819,150529,150531],{"id":150530},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150533,150534],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[52,150536,150538],{"className":54,"code":150537,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150539,150540,150560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150541,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150543,937],{"class":67},[61,150545,72],{"class":71},[61,150547,76],{"class":75},[61,150549,80],{"class":79},[61,150551,83],{"class":75},[61,150553,86],{"class":79},[61,150555,83],{"class":75},[61,150557,95],{"class":79},[61,150559,98],{"class":75},[61,150561,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150563,127],{"class":126},[61,150565,113],{"class":75},[61,150567,648],{"class":109},[61,150569,113],{"class":75},[61,150571,974],{"class":116},[61,150573,480],{"class":75},[14,150575,150576],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[52,150578,150580],{"className":54,"code":150579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150581,150582,150602],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150583,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150585,937],{"class":67},[61,150587,72],{"class":71},[61,150589,942],{"class":75},[61,150591,80],{"class":79},[61,150593,83],{"class":75},[61,150595,86],{"class":79},[61,150597,83],{"class":75},[61,150599,95],{"class":79},[61,150601,120],{"class":75},[61,150603,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150605,127],{"class":126},[61,150607,113],{"class":75},[61,150609,648],{"class":109},[61,150611,113],{"class":75},[61,150613,974],{"class":116},[61,150615,480],{"class":75},[819,150617,150619],{"id":150618},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150621,150432],{},[52,150623,150625],{"className":54,"code":150624,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150626,150627,150647],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150630,68],{"class":67},[61,150632,72],{"class":71},[61,150634,942],{"class":75},[61,150636,80],{"class":79},[61,150638,83],{"class":75},[61,150640,86],{"class":79},[61,150642,83],{"class":75},[61,150644,95],{"class":79},[61,150646,120],{"class":75},[61,150648,150649],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150650,150651],{"class":3896},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150653,150654],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[819,150656,1874,150658,150661],{"id":150657},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150659,150660],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150663,64862],{},[52,150665,150666],{"className":54,"code":150284,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,150667,150668,150686],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150671,36312],{"class":67},[61,150673,72],{"class":71},[61,150675,149366],{"class":109},[61,150677,113],{"class":75},[61,150679,215],{"class":214},[61,150681,41783],{"class":218},[61,150683,215],{"class":214},[61,150685,120],{"class":75},[61,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150689,127],{"class":126},[61,150691,113],{"class":75},[61,150693,36365],{"class":116},[61,150695,120],{"class":75},[14,150697,150698],{},"gives:",[52,150700,150701],{"className":54,"code":150319,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,150702,150703],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150704,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150706,113],{"class":75},[61,150708,299],{"class":214},[61,150710,334],{"class":218},[61,150712,299],{"class":214},[61,150714,83],{"class":75},[61,150716,308],{"class":214},[61,150718,765],{"class":218},[61,150720,299],{"class":214},[61,150722,83],{"class":75},[61,150724,308],{"class":214},[61,150726,9961],{"class":218},[61,150728,299],{"class":214},[61,150730,120],{"class":75},[14,150732,150733],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[52,150735,150737],{"className":54,"code":150736,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150738,150739,150755],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150740,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150742,6382],{"class":67},[61,150744,72],{"class":71},[61,150746,942],{"class":75},[61,150748,215],{"class":214},[61,150750,41783],{"class":218},[61,150752,215],{"class":214},[61,150754,149356],{"class":75},[61,150756,150757,150759,150761,150763],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150758,127],{"class":126},[61,150760,113],{"class":75},[61,150762,38612],{"class":116},[61,150764,120],{"class":75},[14,150766,139],{},[52,150768,150770],{"className":54,"code":150769,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('abc',)\n",[18,150771,150772],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150775,113],{"class":75},[61,150777,299],{"class":214},[61,150779,41783],{"class":218},[61,150781,299],{"class":214},[61,150783,149356],{"class":75},[819,150785,150787],{"id":150786},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150789,150790],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[52,150792,150794],{"className":54,"code":150793,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150795,150796,150813,150817,150827,150841],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,150797,150798,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,150799,150800],{"class":67},"my_tuple ",[61,150802,72],{"class":71},[61,150804,942],{"class":75},[61,150806,215],{"class":214},[61,150808,2042],{"class":218},[61,150810,215],{"class":214},[61,150812,149356],{"class":75},[61,150814,150815],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,150816,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,150820,127],{"class":126},[61,150822,113],{"class":75},[61,150824,148018],{"class":116},[61,150826,120],{"class":75},[61,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,150830,127],{"class":126},[61,150832,113],{"class":75},[61,150834,648],{"class":109},[61,150836,113],{"class":75},[61,150838,148018],{"class":116},[61,150840,480],{"class":75},[61,150842,150843,150845,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,150844,127],{"class":126},[61,150846,113],{"class":75},[61,150848,1948],{"class":126},[61,150850,113],{"class":75},[61,150852,148018],{"class":116},[61,150854,480],{"class":75},[47,150856,1987],{"id":1986},[819,150858,150860],{"id":150859},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150862,150863,150864,150867],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150865,150866],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[819,150869,150871],{"id":150870},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150873,150874],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[819,150876,150878],{"id":150877},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150880,150881],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[819,150883,150885],{"id":150884},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150887,150888],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[819,150890,5371,150892,12939],{"id":150891},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150893,150660],{},[14,150895,5377,150896,150899],{},[18,150897,150898],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[47,150901,2144],{"id":2143},[34,150903,150904,150908,150912,150918,150923,150928,150932],{},[37,150905,150906],{},[334,150907,148000],{"href":147999},[37,150909,150910],{},[334,150911,149673],{"href":149672},[37,150913,150914],{},[334,150915,150917],{"href":150916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[37,150919,150920],{},[334,150921,150922],{"href":149238},"Python tuple length with len()",[37,150924,150925],{},[334,150926,150927],{"href":149303},"What is a tuple in Python?",[37,150929,150930],{},[334,150931,63436],{"href":63435},[37,150933,150934],{},[334,150935,150936],{"href":150441},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2169,150938,150939],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":150941},[150942,150943,150944,150945,150946,150947,150953,150959,150960,150968,150976],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":149532,"depth":101,"text":149533},{"id":149676,"depth":101,"text":149677},{"id":149769,"depth":101,"text":149770},{"id":149962,"depth":101,"text":149963,"children":150948},[150949,150950,150951,150952],{"id":117,"depth":123,"text":56686},{"id":5538,"depth":123,"text":56689},{"id":150054,"depth":123,"text":150055},{"id":150097,"depth":123,"text":150098},{"id":150204,"depth":101,"text":150954,"children":150955},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150956,150957,150958],{"id":821,"depth":123,"text":822},{"id":1016,"depth":123,"text":1017},{"id":150355,"depth":123,"text":150356},{"id":21020,"depth":101,"text":21021},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":150961},[150962,150963,150964,150965,150967],{"id":150450,"depth":123,"text":150451},{"id":150530,"depth":123,"text":150531},{"id":150618,"depth":123,"text":150619},{"id":150657,"depth":123,"text":150966},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150786,"depth":123,"text":150787},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":150969},[150970,150971,150972,150973,150974],{"id":150859,"depth":123,"text":150860},{"id":150870,"depth":123,"text":150871},{"id":150877,"depth":123,"text":150878},{"id":150884,"depth":123,"text":150885},{"id":150891,"depth":123,"text":150975},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149289,"description":150977},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150984,"title":150985,"body":150986,"description":152531,"extension":2216,"meta":152532,"navigation":271,"path":152533,"seo":152534,"stem":152535,"__hash__":152536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150987,"toc":152501},[150988,150991,150996,150998,151011,151017,151019,151086,151088,151123,151128,151132,151136,151138,151149,151157,151159,151161,151182,151184,151204,151207,151209,151214,151257,151259,151281,151284,151297,151301,151305,151308,151361,151363,151384,151389,151393,151396,151441,151443,151476,151488,151492,151500,151537,151539,151568,151572,151575,151628,151630,151650,151657,151661,151666,151735,151737,151762,151766,151769,151775,151852,151854,151913,151915,151927,151932,151936,151940,151954,151956,151991,151993,152010,152013,152026,152030,152034,152045,152050,152065,152068,152071,152073,152076,152080,152082,152096,152098,152122,152127,152131,152134,152153,152156,152205,152210,152227,152230,152263,152267,152269,152320,152323,152348,152351,152374,152378,152384,152386,152421,152424,152429,152431,152435,152438,152442,152447,152451,152454,152458,152461,152465,152470,152472,152498],[10,150989,150985],{"id":150990},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150992,16,150993,150995],{},[18,150994,38267],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150997,82804],{},[34,150999,151000,151005],{},[37,151001,151002,151004],{},[18,151003,38267],{}," creates an empty tuple",[37,151006,151007,151010],{},[18,151008,151009],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151012,151013,151014,151016],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,151015,38267],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[47,151018,50],{"id":49},[52,151020,151022],{"className":54,"code":151021,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,151023,151024,151044,151058,151062,151072],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151025,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151027,68],{"class":67},[61,151029,72],{"class":71},[61,151031,76],{"class":75},[61,151033,80],{"class":79},[61,151035,83],{"class":75},[61,151037,86],{"class":79},[61,151039,83],{"class":75},[61,151041,95],{"class":79},[61,151043,98],{"class":75},[61,151045,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151047,869],{"class":67},[61,151049,72],{"class":71},[61,151051,149366],{"class":109},[61,151053,113],{"class":75},[61,151055,117],{"class":116},[61,151057,120],{"class":75},[61,151059,151060],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151061,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151065,127],{"class":126},[61,151067,113],{"class":75},[61,151069,892],{"class":116},[61,151071,120],{"class":75},[61,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,151075,127],{"class":126},[61,151077,113],{"class":75},[61,151079,648],{"class":109},[61,151081,113],{"class":75},[61,151083,892],{"class":116},[61,151085,480],{"class":75},[14,151087,139],{},[52,151089,151091],{"className":54,"code":151090,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151092,151093,151109],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151096,113],{"class":75},[61,151098,80],{"class":79},[61,151100,83],{"class":75},[61,151102,86],{"class":79},[61,151104,83],{"class":75},[61,151106,95],{"class":79},[61,151108,120],{"class":75},[61,151110,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151112,672],{"class":71},[61,151114,676],{"class":675},[61,151116,308],{"class":214},[61,151118,386],{"class":218},[61,151120,299],{"class":214},[61,151122,685],{"class":71},[14,151124,165,151125,151127],{},[18,151126,151009],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[47,151129,151131],{"id":151130},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151133,151134,63144],{},[18,151135,38267],{},[14,151137,49151],{},[34,151139,151140,151143,151146],{},[37,151141,151142],{},"creates a tuple object",[37,151144,151145],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[37,151147,151148],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151150,151151,151152,151154,151155,26],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[334,151153,149304],{"href":149303}," or the full guide to ",[334,151156,148000],{"href":147999},[47,151158,341],{"id":340},[14,151160,26708],{},[52,151162,151164],{"className":54,"code":151163,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151165,151166,151172],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151167,151168,151170],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151169,386],{"class":109},[61,151171,628],{"class":75},[61,151173,151174,151176,151178,151180],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151175,386],{"class":109},[61,151177,113],{"class":75},[61,151179,359],{"class":116},[61,151181,120],{"class":75},[14,151183,11679],{},[34,151185,151186,151189],{},[37,151187,151188],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[37,151190,151191,151192],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[34,151193,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202],{},[37,151195,5529],{},[37,151197,5538],{},[37,151199,63215],{},[37,151201,5535],{},[37,151203,7481],{},[14,151205,151206],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[47,151208,149677],{"id":149676},[14,151210,29871,151211,151213],{},[18,151212,38267],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[52,151215,151217],{"className":54,"code":151216,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151218,151219,151229,151233,151243],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151220,151221,151223,151225,151227],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151222,124864],{"class":67},[61,151224,72],{"class":71},[61,151226,149366],{"class":109},[61,151228,628],{"class":75},[61,151230,151231],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151232,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151234,151235,151237,151239,151241],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151236,127],{"class":126},[61,151238,113],{"class":75},[61,151240,124915],{"class":116},[61,151242,120],{"class":75},[61,151244,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151246,127],{"class":126},[61,151248,113],{"class":75},[61,151250,648],{"class":109},[61,151252,113],{"class":75},[61,151254,124915],{"class":116},[61,151256,480],{"class":75},[14,151258,139],{},[52,151260,151261],{"className":54,"code":149722,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,151262,151263,151267],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151264,151265],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151266,628],{"class":75},[61,151268,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151270,672],{"class":71},[61,151272,676],{"class":675},[61,151274,308],{"class":214},[61,151276,386],{"class":218},[61,151278,299],{"class":214},[61,151280,685],{"class":71},[14,151282,151283],{},"This is equivalent to:",[52,151285,151287],{"className":54,"code":151286,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty = ()\n",[18,151288,151289],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151290,151291,151293,151295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151292,124864],{"class":67},[61,151294,72],{"class":71},[61,151296,149342],{"class":75},[47,151298,151300],{"id":151299},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[819,151302,151304],{"id":151303},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151306,151307],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[52,151309,151311],{"className":54,"code":151310,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151312,151313,151333,151347,151351],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151314,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151316,68],{"class":67},[61,151318,72],{"class":71},[61,151320,76],{"class":75},[61,151322,447],{"class":79},[61,151324,83],{"class":75},[61,151326,452],{"class":79},[61,151328,83],{"class":75},[61,151330,8025],{"class":79},[61,151332,98],{"class":75},[61,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151336,869],{"class":67},[61,151338,72],{"class":71},[61,151340,149366],{"class":109},[61,151342,113],{"class":75},[61,151344,117],{"class":116},[61,151346,120],{"class":75},[61,151348,151349],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151350,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151352,151353,151355,151357,151359],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151354,127],{"class":126},[61,151356,113],{"class":75},[61,151358,892],{"class":116},[61,151360,120],{"class":75},[14,151362,139],{},[52,151364,151366],{"className":54,"code":151365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151367,151368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151369,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151371,113],{"class":75},[61,151373,447],{"class":79},[61,151375,83],{"class":75},[61,151377,452],{"class":79},[61,151379,83],{"class":75},[61,151381,8025],{"class":79},[61,151383,120],{"class":75},[14,151385,151386,151387,26],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[334,151388,604],{"href":60280},[819,151390,151392],{"id":151391},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151394,151395],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[52,151397,151399],{"className":54,"code":151398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151400,151401,151413,151427,151431],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151402,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151404,1033],{"class":67},[61,151406,72],{"class":71},[61,151408,226],{"class":214},[61,151410,37269],{"class":218},[61,151412,1043],{"class":214},[61,151414,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151416,869],{"class":67},[61,151418,72],{"class":71},[61,151420,149366],{"class":109},[61,151422,113],{"class":75},[61,151424,1056],{"class":116},[61,151426,120],{"class":75},[61,151428,151429],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151430,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151432,151433,151435,151437,151439],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151434,127],{"class":126},[61,151436,113],{"class":75},[61,151438,892],{"class":116},[61,151440,120],{"class":75},[14,151442,139],{},[52,151444,151446],{"className":54,"code":151445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151447,151448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151449,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151451,113],{"class":75},[61,151453,299],{"class":214},[61,151455,9961],{"class":218},[61,151457,299],{"class":214},[61,151459,83],{"class":75},[61,151461,308],{"class":214},[61,151463,334],{"class":218},[61,151465,299],{"class":214},[61,151467,83],{"class":75},[61,151469,308],{"class":214},[61,151471,63505],{"class":218},[61,151473,299],{"class":214},[61,151475,120],{"class":75},[14,151477,151478,151479,14274,151482,151484,151485,26],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151480,151481],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[23,151483,704],{}," create ",[18,151486,151487],{},"('cat',)",[819,151489,151491],{"id":151490},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151493,151494,151496,151497,151499],{},[18,151495,394],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151498,38267],{}," collects them all.",[52,151501,151503],{"className":54,"code":151502,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151504,151505,151523,151527],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151506,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151508,869],{"class":67},[61,151510,72],{"class":71},[61,151512,149366],{"class":109},[61,151514,113],{"class":75},[61,151516,493],{"class":126},[61,151518,113],{"class":75},[61,151520,945],{"class":79},[61,151522,480],{"class":75},[61,151524,151525],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151526,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151528,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151530,127],{"class":126},[61,151532,113],{"class":75},[61,151534,892],{"class":116},[61,151536,120],{"class":75},[14,151538,139],{},[52,151540,151542],{"className":54,"code":151541,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151543,151544],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151547,113],{"class":75},[61,151549,582],{"class":79},[61,151551,83],{"class":75},[61,151553,587],{"class":79},[61,151555,83],{"class":75},[61,151557,86],{"class":79},[61,151559,83],{"class":75},[61,151561,95],{"class":79},[61,151563,83],{"class":75},[61,151565,1178],{"class":79},[61,151567,120],{"class":75},[819,151569,151571],{"id":151570},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151573,151574],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[52,151576,151578],{"className":54,"code":151577,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151579,151580,151600,151614,151618],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151581,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151583,937],{"class":67},[61,151585,72],{"class":71},[61,151587,1235],{"class":75},[61,151589,80],{"class":79},[61,151591,83],{"class":75},[61,151593,86],{"class":79},[61,151595,83],{"class":75},[61,151597,95],{"class":79},[61,151599,162],{"class":75},[61,151601,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151603,869],{"class":67},[61,151605,72],{"class":71},[61,151607,149366],{"class":109},[61,151609,113],{"class":75},[61,151611,974],{"class":116},[61,151613,120],{"class":75},[61,151615,151616],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151617,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151619,151620,151622,151624,151626],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151621,127],{"class":126},[61,151623,113],{"class":75},[61,151625,892],{"class":116},[61,151627,120],{"class":75},[14,151629,139],{},[52,151631,151632],{"className":54,"code":149579,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,151633,151634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151637,113],{"class":75},[61,151639,80],{"class":79},[61,151641,83],{"class":75},[61,151643,86],{"class":79},[61,151645,83],{"class":75},[61,151647,95],{"class":79},[61,151649,120],{"class":75},[14,151651,151652,151653,26],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[334,151654,151656],{"href":151655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[819,151658,151660],{"id":151659},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151662,63758,151663,151665],{},[18,151664,38267],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[52,151667,151669],{"className":54,"code":151668,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151670,151671,151707,151721,151725],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151672,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151674,13426],{"class":67},[61,151676,72],{"class":71},[61,151678,1235],{"class":75},[61,151680,215],{"class":214},[61,151682,7899],{"class":218},[61,151684,215],{"class":214},[61,151686,378],{"class":75},[61,151688,226],{"class":214},[61,151690,13104],{"class":218},[61,151692,215],{"class":214},[61,151694,83],{"class":75},[61,151696,226],{"class":214},[61,151698,9521],{"class":218},[61,151700,215],{"class":214},[61,151702,378],{"class":75},[61,151704,9528],{"class":79},[61,151706,162],{"class":75},[61,151708,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151710,869],{"class":67},[61,151712,72],{"class":71},[61,151714,149366],{"class":109},[61,151716,113],{"class":75},[61,151718,17528],{"class":116},[61,151720,120],{"class":75},[61,151722,151723],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151724,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151726,151727,151729,151731,151733],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151728,127],{"class":126},[61,151730,113],{"class":75},[61,151732,892],{"class":116},[61,151734,120],{"class":75},[14,151736,287],{},[52,151738,151740],{"className":54,"code":151739,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151741,151742],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151743,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151745,113],{"class":75},[61,151747,299],{"class":214},[61,151749,7899],{"class":218},[61,151751,299],{"class":214},[61,151753,83],{"class":75},[61,151755,308],{"class":214},[61,151757,9521],{"class":218},[61,151759,299],{"class":214},[61,151761,120],{"class":75},[47,151763,151765],{"id":151764},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151767,151768],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151770,151771,151774],{},[18,151772,151773],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[52,151776,151778],{"className":54,"code":151777,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151779,151780,151816,151820,151834],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151781,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151783,13426],{"class":67},[61,151785,72],{"class":71},[61,151787,1235],{"class":75},[61,151789,215],{"class":214},[61,151791,7899],{"class":218},[61,151793,215],{"class":214},[61,151795,378],{"class":75},[61,151797,226],{"class":214},[61,151799,13104],{"class":218},[61,151801,215],{"class":214},[61,151803,83],{"class":75},[61,151805,226],{"class":214},[61,151807,9521],{"class":218},[61,151809,215],{"class":214},[61,151811,378],{"class":75},[61,151813,9528],{"class":79},[61,151815,162],{"class":75},[61,151817,151818],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151819,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,151821,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,151823,127],{"class":126},[61,151825,113],{"class":75},[61,151827,386],{"class":109},[61,151829,113],{"class":75},[61,151831,17528],{"class":116},[61,151833,480],{"class":75},[61,151835,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,151837,127],{"class":126},[61,151839,113],{"class":75},[61,151841,386],{"class":109},[61,151843,113],{"class":75},[61,151845,17528],{"class":116},[61,151847,26],{"class":75},[61,151849,1267],{"class":116},[61,151851,6517],{"class":75},[14,151853,139],{},[52,151855,151857],{"className":54,"code":151856,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151858,151859,151879],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151860,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151862,113],{"class":75},[61,151864,299],{"class":214},[61,151866,7899],{"class":218},[61,151868,299],{"class":214},[61,151870,83],{"class":75},[61,151872,308],{"class":214},[61,151874,9521],{"class":218},[61,151876,299],{"class":214},[61,151878,120],{"class":75},[61,151880,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151882,444],{"class":75},[61,151884,299],{"class":214},[61,151886,7899],{"class":218},[61,151888,299],{"class":214},[61,151890,83],{"class":75},[61,151892,308],{"class":214},[61,151894,13104],{"class":218},[61,151896,299],{"class":214},[61,151898,1362],{"class":75},[61,151900,942],{"class":75},[61,151902,299],{"class":214},[61,151904,9521],{"class":218},[61,151906,299],{"class":214},[61,151908,83],{"class":75},[61,151910,9528],{"class":79},[61,151912,480],{"class":75},[14,151914,18914],{},[34,151916,151917,151922],{},[37,151918,151919,151921],{},[18,151920,151773],{}," for keys",[37,151923,151924,32778],{},[18,151925,151926],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151928,151929,151930,26],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[334,151931,63768],{"href":63767},[47,151933,151935],{"id":151934},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151937,151938,18538],{},[18,151939,38267],{},[34,151941,151942,151945,151948,151951],{},[37,151943,151944],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[37,151946,151947],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[37,151949,151950],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[37,151952,151953],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151955,197],{},[52,151957,151959],{"className":54,"code":151958,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151960,151961,151980],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151962,151963,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,151964,151965],{"class":67},"coordinates ",[61,151967,72],{"class":71},[61,151969,149366],{"class":109},[61,151971,416],{"class":75},[61,151973,498],{"class":79},[61,151975,83],{"class":75},[61,151977,6222],{"class":79},[61,151979,1474],{"class":75},[61,151981,151982,151984,151986,151989],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,151983,127],{"class":126},[61,151985,113],{"class":75},[61,151987,151988],{"class":116},"coordinates",[61,151990,120],{"class":75},[14,151992,139],{},[52,151994,151996],{"className":54,"code":151995,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151997,151998],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,151999,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152001,113],{"class":75},[61,152003,498],{"class":79},[61,152005,83],{"class":75},[61,152007,6222],{"class":79},[61,152009,120],{"class":75},[14,152011,152012],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[34,152014,152015,152017,152020,152023],{},[37,152016,151988],{},[37,152018,152019],{},"RGB colors",[37,152021,152022],{},"dates",[37,152024,152025],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[47,152027,152029],{"id":152028},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152031,44652,152032,1422],{},[18,152033,38267],{},[34,152035,152036,152039,152042],{},[37,152037,152038],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[37,152040,152041],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[37,152043,152044],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152046,116491,152047,152049],{},[23,152048,704],{}," work:",[52,152051,152053],{"className":54,"code":152052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(5)\n",[18,152054,152055],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152056,152057,152059,152061,152063],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152058,386],{"class":109},[61,152060,113],{"class":75},[61,152062,945],{"class":79},[61,152064,120],{"class":75},[14,152066,152067],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152069,152070],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[47,152072,115329],{"id":115328},[14,152074,152075],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[819,152077,152079],{"id":152078},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152081,3077],{},[52,152083,152084],{"className":54,"code":152052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,152085,152086],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152087,152088,152090,152092,152094],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152089,386],{"class":109},[61,152091,113],{"class":75},[61,152093,945],{"class":79},[61,152095,120],{"class":75},[14,152097,29902],{},[52,152099,152100],{"className":54,"code":63872,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,152101,152102],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152103,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152105,1334],{"class":109},[61,152107,378],{"class":75},[61,152109,308],{"class":214},[61,152111,1203],{"class":218},[61,152113,299],{"class":214},[61,152115,24838],{"class":109},[61,152117,8326],{"class":71},[61,152119,8329],{"class":71},[61,152121,63895],{"class":67},[14,152123,152124,152125,26],{},"If you see this, read ",[334,152126,62509],{"href":52823},[819,152128,152130],{"id":152129},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152132,152133],{},"This code:",[52,152135,152137],{"className":54,"code":152136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152138,152139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152140,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152142,386],{"class":109},[61,152144,113],{"class":75},[61,152146,215],{"class":214},[61,152148,475],{"class":218},[61,152150,215],{"class":214},[61,152152,120],{"class":75},[14,152154,152155],{},"returns:",[52,152157,152159],{"className":54,"code":152158,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152160,152161],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152162,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152164,113],{"class":75},[61,152166,299],{"class":214},[61,152168,544],{"class":218},[61,152170,299],{"class":214},[61,152172,83],{"class":75},[61,152174,308],{"class":214},[61,152176,553],{"class":218},[61,152178,299],{"class":214},[61,152180,83],{"class":75},[61,152182,308],{"class":214},[61,152184,562],{"class":218},[61,152186,299],{"class":214},[61,152188,83],{"class":75},[61,152190,308],{"class":214},[61,152192,562],{"class":218},[61,152194,299],{"class":214},[61,152196,83],{"class":75},[61,152198,308],{"class":214},[61,152200,571],{"class":218},[61,152202,299],{"class":214},[61,152204,120],{"class":75},[14,152206,41128,152207,152209],{},[23,152208,704],{}," return:",[52,152211,152213],{"className":54,"code":152212,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('hello',)\n",[18,152214,152215],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152216,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152218,113],{"class":75},[61,152220,299],{"class":214},[61,152222,475],{"class":218},[61,152224,299],{"class":214},[61,152226,149356],{"class":75},[14,152228,152229],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[52,152231,152233],{"className":54,"code":152232,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152234,152235,152252],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152236,152237,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152238,152239],{"class":67},"single ",[61,152241,72],{"class":71},[61,152243,942],{"class":75},[61,152245,215],{"class":214},[61,152247,475],{"class":218},[61,152249,215],{"class":214},[61,152251,149356],{"class":75},[61,152253,152254,152256,152258,152261],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152255,127],{"class":126},[61,152257,113],{"class":75},[61,152259,152260],{"class":116},"single",[61,152262,120],{"class":75},[819,152264,152266],{"id":152265},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152268,152133],{},[52,152270,152272],{"className":54,"code":152271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152273,152274,152306],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152275,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152277,9390],{"class":67},[61,152279,72],{"class":71},[61,152281,1235],{"class":75},[61,152283,215],{"class":214},[61,152285,334],{"class":218},[61,152287,215],{"class":214},[61,152289,378],{"class":75},[61,152291,587],{"class":79},[61,152293,83],{"class":75},[61,152295,226],{"class":214},[61,152297,765],{"class":218},[61,152299,215],{"class":214},[61,152301,378],{"class":75},[61,152303,86],{"class":79},[61,152305,162],{"class":75},[61,152307,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152309,127],{"class":126},[61,152311,113],{"class":75},[61,152313,386],{"class":109},[61,152315,113],{"class":75},[61,152317,9429],{"class":116},[61,152319,480],{"class":75},[14,152321,152322],{},"returns only the keys:",[52,152324,152326],{"className":54,"code":152325,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152327,152328],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152329,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152331,113],{"class":75},[61,152333,299],{"class":214},[61,152335,334],{"class":218},[61,152337,299],{"class":214},[61,152339,83],{"class":75},[61,152341,308],{"class":214},[61,152343,765],{"class":218},[61,152345,299],{"class":214},[61,152347,120],{"class":75},[14,152349,152350],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[52,152352,152354],{"className":54,"code":152353,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152355,152356],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152357,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152359,127],{"class":126},[61,152361,113],{"class":75},[61,152363,386],{"class":109},[61,152365,113],{"class":75},[61,152367,9429],{"class":116},[61,152369,26],{"class":75},[61,152371,1267],{"class":116},[61,152373,6517],{"class":75},[819,152375,152377],{"id":152376},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152379,152380,152381,152383],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152382,38267],{}," conversion.",[14,152385,5701],{},[52,152387,152389],{"className":54,"code":152388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152390,152391,152411],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152392,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152394,1766],{"class":67},[61,152396,72],{"class":71},[61,152398,942],{"class":75},[61,152400,80],{"class":79},[61,152402,83],{"class":75},[61,152404,86],{"class":79},[61,152406,83],{"class":75},[61,152408,95],{"class":79},[61,152410,120],{"class":75},[61,152412,152413,152415,152417,152419],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152414,127],{"class":126},[61,152416,113],{"class":75},[61,152418,1783],{"class":116},[61,152420,120],{"class":75},[14,152422,152423],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152425,25726,152426,152428],{},[18,152427,38267],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[47,152430,1987],{"id":1986},[819,152432,152434],{"id":152433},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152436,152437],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[819,152439,152441],{"id":152440},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152443,152444,152445,26],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152446,7596],{},[819,152448,152450],{"id":152449},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152452,152453],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[819,152455,152457],{"id":152456},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152459,152460],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[819,152462,152464],{"id":152463},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152466,152467,152468,26],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152469,1334],{},[47,152471,2144],{"id":2143},[34,152473,152474,152478,152482,152486,152490,152494],{},[37,152475,152476],{},[334,152477,148000],{"href":147999},[37,152479,152480],{},[334,152481,150927],{"href":149303},[37,152483,152484],{},[334,152485,604],{"href":60280},[37,152487,152488],{},[334,152489,151656],{"href":151655},[37,152491,152492],{},[334,152493,63768],{"href":63767},[37,152495,152496],{},[334,152497,62509],{"href":52823},[2169,152499,152500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":152502},[152503,152504,152505,152506,152507,152514,152515,152516,152517,152523,152530],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":151130,"depth":101,"text":151131},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":149676,"depth":101,"text":149677},{"id":151299,"depth":101,"text":151300,"children":152508},[152509,152510,152511,152512,152513],{"id":151303,"depth":123,"text":151304},{"id":151391,"depth":123,"text":151392},{"id":151490,"depth":123,"text":151491},{"id":151570,"depth":123,"text":151571},{"id":151659,"depth":123,"text":151660},{"id":151764,"depth":101,"text":151765},{"id":151934,"depth":101,"text":151935},{"id":152028,"depth":101,"text":152029},{"id":115328,"depth":101,"text":115329,"children":152518},[152519,152520,152521,152522],{"id":152078,"depth":123,"text":152079},{"id":152129,"depth":123,"text":152130},{"id":152265,"depth":123,"text":152266},{"id":152376,"depth":123,"text":152377},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":152524},[152525,152526,152527,152528,152529],{"id":152433,"depth":123,"text":152434},{"id":152440,"depth":123,"text":152441},{"id":152449,"depth":123,"text":152450},{"id":152456,"depth":123,"text":152457},{"id":152463,"depth":123,"text":152464},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150985,"description":152531},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152538,"title":152539,"body":152540,"description":153953,"extension":2216,"meta":153954,"navigation":271,"path":153955,"seo":153956,"stem":153957,"__hash__":153958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152541,"toc":153925},[152542,152547,152552,152555,152557,152636,152642,152647,152651,152666,152668,152715,152717,152725,152733,152739,152741,152746,152766,152769,152796,152798,152822,152824,152966,152968,152972,152980,152983,152985,153062,153064,153072,153076,153080,153090,153100,153102,153107,153109,153168,153173,153175,153275,153277,153291,153296,153302,153309,153312,153314,153424,153428,153445,153447,153510,153512,153520,153532,153536,153541,153569,153572,153654,153656,153667,153669,153673,153700,153702,153704,153784,153792,153794,153849,153851,153856,153859,153863,153867,153869,153873,153877,153885,153892,153895,153897,153922],[10,152543,147884,152545,11542],{"id":152544},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152546,59193],{},[14,152548,152549,152551],{},[18,152550,149205],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152553,152554],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[47,152556,50],{"id":49},[52,152558,152560],{"className":54,"code":152559,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152561,152562,152602,152624],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152563,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152565,207],{"class":67},[61,152567,72],{"class":71},[61,152569,942],{"class":75},[61,152571,215],{"class":214},[61,152573,219],{"class":218},[61,152575,215],{"class":214},[61,152577,83],{"class":75},[61,152579,226],{"class":214},[61,152581,229],{"class":218},[61,152583,215],{"class":214},[61,152585,83],{"class":75},[61,152587,226],{"class":214},[61,152589,246],{"class":218},[61,152591,215],{"class":214},[61,152593,83],{"class":75},[61,152595,226],{"class":214},[61,152597,229],{"class":218},[61,152599,215],{"class":214},[61,152601,120],{"class":75},[61,152603,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152605,65137],{"class":67},[61,152607,72],{"class":71},[61,152609,13345],{"class":67},[61,152611,26],{"class":75},[61,152613,36067],{"class":116},[61,152615,113],{"class":75},[61,152617,215],{"class":214},[61,152619,229],{"class":218},[61,152621,215],{"class":214},[61,152623,120],{"class":75},[61,152625,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,152627,127],{"class":126},[61,152629,113],{"class":75},[61,152631,65164],{"class":116},[61,152633,3893],{"class":75},[61,152635,28001],{"class":3896},[14,152637,152638,152641],{},[18,152639,152640],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[47,152643,3911,152645,3914],{"id":152644},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152646,149205],{},[14,152648,2233,152649,11633],{},[18,152650,59193],{},[34,152652,152653,152656,152658,152661],{},[37,152654,152655],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[37,152657,128482],{},[37,152659,152660],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[37,152662,152663,152664],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152665,582],{},[14,152667,197],{},[52,152669,152671],{"className":54,"code":152670,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152672,152673,152697],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152674,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152676,68],{"class":67},[61,152678,72],{"class":71},[61,152680,942],{"class":75},[61,152682,447],{"class":79},[61,152684,83],{"class":75},[61,152686,452],{"class":79},[61,152688,83],{"class":75},[61,152690,8025],{"class":79},[61,152692,83],{"class":75},[61,152694,452],{"class":79},[61,152696,120],{"class":75},[61,152698,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152700,127],{"class":126},[61,152702,113],{"class":75},[61,152704,117],{"class":116},[61,152706,26],{"class":75},[61,152708,36067],{"class":116},[61,152710,113],{"class":75},[61,152712,15974],{"class":79},[61,152714,480],{"class":75},[14,152716,139],{},[52,152718,152719],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,152720,152721],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152722,152723],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152724,47140],{"class":79},[14,152726,21198,152727,152729,152730,152732],{},[18,152728,15974],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152731,59193],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152734,151151,152735,26],{},[334,152736,152738],{"href":152737},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[47,152740,341],{"id":340},[14,152742,7994,152743,152745],{},[18,152744,59193],{}," in two ways:",[52,152747,152749],{"className":54,"code":152748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152750,152751],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152752,152753,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152754,152755],{"class":67},"tuple_name",[61,152757,26],{"class":75},[61,152759,36067],{"class":116},[61,152761,113],{"class":75},[61,152763,1783],{"class":116},[61,152765,120],{"class":75},[14,152767,152768],{},"or:",[52,152770,152772],{"className":54,"code":152771,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152773,152774],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152775,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152777,152755],{"class":67},[61,152779,26],{"class":75},[61,152781,36067],{"class":116},[61,152783,113],{"class":75},[61,152785,1783],{"class":116},[61,152787,83],{"class":75},[61,152789,36273],{"class":116},[61,152791,83],{"class":75},[61,152793,65258],{"class":116},[61,152795,120],{"class":75},[819,152797,17616],{"id":17615},[34,152799,152800,152805,152810,152815],{},[37,152801,152802,152804],{},[18,152803,1783],{}," — the item to search for",[37,152806,152807,152809],{},[18,152808,36294],{}," — optional starting position",[37,152811,152812,152814],{},[18,152813,52884],{}," — optional ending position",[37,152816,152817,5011,152819,152821],{},[18,152818,52884],{},[23,152820,65287],{}," in the search",[14,152823,197],{},[52,152825,152827],{"className":54,"code":152826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152828,152829,152877,152881,152906,152934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152830,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152832,36312],{"class":67},[61,152834,72],{"class":71},[61,152836,942],{"class":75},[61,152838,215],{"class":214},[61,152840,334],{"class":218},[61,152842,215],{"class":214},[61,152844,83],{"class":75},[61,152846,226],{"class":214},[61,152848,765],{"class":218},[61,152850,215],{"class":214},[61,152852,83],{"class":75},[61,152854,226],{"class":214},[61,152856,9961],{"class":218},[61,152858,215],{"class":214},[61,152860,83],{"class":75},[61,152862,226],{"class":214},[61,152864,765],{"class":218},[61,152866,215],{"class":214},[61,152868,83],{"class":75},[61,152870,226],{"class":214},[61,152872,18987],{"class":218},[61,152874,215],{"class":214},[61,152876,120],{"class":75},[61,152878,152879],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,152880,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,152882,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,152884,127],{"class":126},[61,152886,113],{"class":75},[61,152888,36365],{"class":116},[61,152890,26],{"class":75},[61,152892,36067],{"class":116},[61,152894,113],{"class":75},[61,152896,215],{"class":214},[61,152898,765],{"class":218},[61,152900,215],{"class":214},[61,152902,5590],{"class":75},[61,152904,152905],{"class":3896},"        # 1\n",[61,152907,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,152909,127],{"class":126},[61,152911,113],{"class":75},[61,152913,36365],{"class":116},[61,152915,26],{"class":75},[61,152917,36067],{"class":116},[61,152919,113],{"class":75},[61,152921,215],{"class":214},[61,152923,765],{"class":218},[61,152925,215],{"class":214},[61,152927,83],{"class":75},[61,152929,86],{"class":79},[61,152931,5590],{"class":75},[61,152933,51142],{"class":3896},[61,152935,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,152937,127],{"class":126},[61,152939,113],{"class":75},[61,152941,36365],{"class":116},[61,152943,26],{"class":75},[61,152945,36067],{"class":116},[61,152947,113],{"class":75},[61,152949,215],{"class":214},[61,152951,765],{"class":218},[61,152953,215],{"class":214},[61,152955,83],{"class":75},[61,152957,587],{"class":79},[61,152959,83],{"class":75},[61,152961,95],{"class":79},[61,152963,5590],{"class":75},[61,152965,28001],{"class":3896},[47,152967,103569],{"id":103568},[14,152969,152970,25729],{},[18,152971,149205],{},[34,152973,152974,152977],{},[37,152975,152976],{},"An integer",[37,152978,152979],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152981,152982],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152984,197],{},[52,152986,152988],{"className":54,"code":152987,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152989,152990,153030,153052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,152991,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,152993,108490],{"class":67},[61,152995,72],{"class":71},[61,152997,942],{"class":75},[61,152999,215],{"class":214},[61,153001,37269],{"class":218},[61,153003,215],{"class":214},[61,153005,83],{"class":75},[61,153007,226],{"class":214},[61,153009,58352],{"class":218},[61,153011,215],{"class":214},[61,153013,83],{"class":75},[61,153015,226],{"class":214},[61,153017,58369],{"class":218},[61,153019,215],{"class":214},[61,153021,83],{"class":75},[61,153023,226],{"class":214},[61,153025,58352],{"class":218},[61,153027,215],{"class":214},[61,153029,120],{"class":75},[61,153031,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153033,869],{"class":67},[61,153035,72],{"class":71},[61,153037,108533],{"class":67},[61,153039,26],{"class":75},[61,153041,36067],{"class":116},[61,153043,113],{"class":75},[61,153045,215],{"class":214},[61,153047,58352],{"class":218},[61,153049,215],{"class":214},[61,153051,120],{"class":75},[61,153053,153054,153056,153058,153060],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153055,127],{"class":126},[61,153057,113],{"class":75},[61,153059,892],{"class":116},[61,153061,120],{"class":75},[14,153063,139],{},[52,153065,153066],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,153067,153068],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153069,153070],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153071,47140],{"class":79},[47,153073,153075],{"id":153074},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153077,165,153078,1422],{},[18,153079,149205],{},[34,153081,153082,153084,153087],{},[37,153083,66315],{},[37,153085,153086],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[37,153088,153089],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153091,153092,153093,153096,153097,26],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153094,153095],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[334,153098,149673],{"href":153099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[47,153101,65847],{"id":65846},[14,153103,153104,153105,26],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153106,40926],{},[14,153108,197],{},[52,153110,153112],{"className":54,"code":153111,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153113,153114,153146],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153115,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153117,207],{"class":67},[61,153119,72],{"class":71},[61,153121,942],{"class":75},[61,153123,215],{"class":214},[61,153125,219],{"class":218},[61,153127,215],{"class":214},[61,153129,83],{"class":75},[61,153131,226],{"class":214},[61,153133,229],{"class":218},[61,153135,215],{"class":214},[61,153137,83],{"class":75},[61,153139,226],{"class":214},[61,153141,246],{"class":218},[61,153143,215],{"class":214},[61,153145,120],{"class":75},[61,153147,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153149,127],{"class":126},[61,153151,113],{"class":75},[61,153153,264],{"class":116},[61,153155,26],{"class":75},[61,153157,36067],{"class":116},[61,153159,113],{"class":75},[61,153161,215],{"class":214},[61,153163,22744],{"class":218},[61,153165,215],{"class":214},[61,153167,480],{"class":75},[14,153169,39875,153170,153172],{},[18,153171,109815],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153174,65922],{},[52,153176,153178],{"className":54,"code":153177,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153179,153180,153212,153216,153232,153254,153260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153181,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153183,207],{"class":67},[61,153185,72],{"class":71},[61,153187,942],{"class":75},[61,153189,215],{"class":214},[61,153191,219],{"class":218},[61,153193,215],{"class":214},[61,153195,83],{"class":75},[61,153197,226],{"class":214},[61,153199,229],{"class":218},[61,153201,215],{"class":214},[61,153203,83],{"class":75},[61,153205,226],{"class":214},[61,153207,246],{"class":218},[61,153209,215],{"class":214},[61,153211,120],{"class":75},[61,153213,153214],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153215,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,153217,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153219,7227],{"class":1490},[61,153221,226],{"class":214},[61,153223,22744],{"class":218},[61,153225,215],{"class":214},[61,153227,1491],{"class":71},[61,153229,13345],{"class":67},[61,153231,6621],{"class":75},[61,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,153235,8299],{"class":126},[61,153237,113],{"class":75},[61,153239,264],{"class":116},[61,153241,26],{"class":75},[61,153243,36067],{"class":116},[61,153245,113],{"class":75},[61,153247,215],{"class":214},[61,153249,22744],{"class":218},[61,153251,215],{"class":214},[61,153253,480],{"class":75},[61,153255,153256,153258],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,153257,27655],{"class":1490},[61,153259,6621],{"class":75},[61,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153271,153273],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,153263,8299],{"class":126},[61,153265,113],{"class":75},[61,153267,215],{"class":214},[61,153269,153270],{"class":218},"Value not found",[61,153272,215],{"class":214},[61,153274,120],{"class":75},[14,153276,139],{},[52,153278,153280],{"className":54,"code":153279,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Value not found\n",[18,153281,153282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153283,153284,153287,153289],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153285,153286],{"class":67},"Value ",[61,153288,704],{"class":71},[61,153290,66046],{"class":67},[14,153292,153293,153294,26],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[334,153295,66056],{"href":66055},[47,153297,1750,153298,4621,153300],{"id":65623},[18,153299,36294],{},[18,153301,52884],{},[14,153303,2233,153304,4621,153306,153308],{},[18,153305,36294],{},[18,153307,52884],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153310,153311],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153313,197],{},[52,153315,153317],{"className":54,"code":153316,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153318,153319,153347,153351,153372,153396],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153322,937],{"class":67},[61,153324,72],{"class":71},[61,153326,942],{"class":75},[61,153328,945],{"class":79},[61,153330,83],{"class":75},[61,153332,457],{"class":79},[61,153334,83],{"class":75},[61,153336,950],{"class":79},[61,153338,83],{"class":75},[61,153340,452],{"class":79},[61,153342,83],{"class":75},[61,153344,950],{"class":79},[61,153346,120],{"class":75},[61,153348,153349],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153350,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,153352,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153354,127],{"class":126},[61,153356,113],{"class":75},[61,153358,974],{"class":116},[61,153360,26],{"class":75},[61,153362,36067],{"class":116},[61,153364,113],{"class":75},[61,153366,945],{"class":79},[61,153368,5590],{"class":75},[61,153370,153371],{"class":3896},"        # 0\n",[61,153373,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,153375,127],{"class":126},[61,153377,113],{"class":75},[61,153379,974],{"class":116},[61,153381,26],{"class":75},[61,153383,36067],{"class":116},[61,153385,113],{"class":75},[61,153387,945],{"class":79},[61,153389,83],{"class":75},[61,153391,587],{"class":79},[61,153393,5590],{"class":75},[61,153395,51176],{"class":3896},[61,153397,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,153399,127],{"class":126},[61,153401,113],{"class":75},[61,153403,974],{"class":116},[61,153405,26],{"class":75},[61,153407,36067],{"class":116},[61,153409,113],{"class":75},[61,153411,945],{"class":79},[61,153413,83],{"class":75},[61,153415,95],{"class":79},[61,153417,83],{"class":75},[61,153419,950],{"class":79},[61,153421,5590],{"class":75},[61,153423,51159],{"class":3896},[819,153425,153427],{"id":153426},"how-it-works","How it works",[34,153429,153430,153435,153440],{},[37,153431,153432,153434],{},[18,153433,36294],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[37,153436,153437,153439],{},[18,153438,52884],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[37,153441,2233,153442,153444],{},[18,153443,52884],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153446,197],{},[52,153448,153450],{"className":54,"code":153449,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153451,153452,153480,153484],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153455,937],{"class":67},[61,153457,72],{"class":71},[61,153459,942],{"class":75},[61,153461,945],{"class":79},[61,153463,83],{"class":75},[61,153465,457],{"class":79},[61,153467,83],{"class":75},[61,153469,950],{"class":79},[61,153471,83],{"class":75},[61,153473,452],{"class":79},[61,153475,83],{"class":75},[61,153477,950],{"class":79},[61,153479,120],{"class":75},[61,153481,153482],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153483,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,153485,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153487,127],{"class":126},[61,153489,113],{"class":75},[61,153491,974],{"class":116},[61,153493,26],{"class":75},[61,153495,36067],{"class":116},[61,153497,113],{"class":75},[61,153499,945],{"class":79},[61,153501,83],{"class":75},[61,153503,587],{"class":79},[61,153505,83],{"class":75},[61,153507,1178],{"class":79},[61,153509,480],{"class":75},[14,153511,139],{},[52,153513,153514],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,153515,153516],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153517,153518],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153519,17277],{"class":79},[14,153521,153522,153523,2437,153525,17293,153527,153529,153530,26],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153524,80],{},[18,153526,2310],{},[18,153528,1321],{},", but not ",[18,153531,498],{},[47,153533,153535],{"id":153534},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153537,153538,153539,378],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153540,149205],{},[34,153542,153543,153551,153556,153563],{},[37,153544,153545,153546,153548,153549],{},"Do not confuse the ",[23,153547,1783],{}," with the ",[23,153550,36067],{},[37,153552,153553,153554],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153555,582],{},[37,153557,165,153558,153562],{},[334,153559,149231,153560,10961],{"href":149283},[18,153561,57515],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[37,153564,153565,153566,153568],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153567,153095],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153570,153571],{},"Example of value vs index:",[52,153573,153575],{"className":54,"code":153574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153576,153577,153609,153613,153637],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153578,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153580,36460],{"class":67},[61,153582,72],{"class":71},[61,153584,942],{"class":75},[61,153586,215],{"class":214},[61,153588,2042],{"class":218},[61,153590,215],{"class":214},[61,153592,83],{"class":75},[61,153594,226],{"class":214},[61,153596,1040],{"class":218},[61,153598,215],{"class":214},[61,153600,83],{"class":75},[61,153602,226],{"class":214},[61,153604,33442],{"class":218},[61,153606,215],{"class":214},[61,153608,120],{"class":75},[61,153610,153611],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153612,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,153614,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153616,127],{"class":126},[61,153618,113],{"class":75},[61,153620,36512],{"class":116},[61,153622,26],{"class":75},[61,153624,36067],{"class":116},[61,153626,113],{"class":75},[61,153628,215],{"class":214},[61,153630,1040],{"class":218},[61,153632,215],{"class":214},[61,153634,5590],{"class":75},[61,153636,28001],{"class":3896},[61,153638,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,153640,127],{"class":126},[61,153642,113],{"class":75},[61,153644,36512],{"class":116},[61,153646,4129],{"class":75},[61,153648,80],{"class":79},[61,153650,20666],{"class":75},[61,153652,153653],{"class":3896},"               # banana\n",[14,153655,2427],{},[34,153657,153658,153662],{},[37,153659,153660,15468],{},[18,153661,65492],{},[37,153663,153664,153666],{},[18,153665,80],{}," is the index",[47,153668,1741],{"id":1740},[14,153670,1744,153671,378],{},[18,153672,149205],{},[34,153674,153675,153678,153683,153688,153695],{},[37,153676,153677],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[37,153679,1864,153680,153682],{},[18,153681,59193],{}," to return all matching positions",[37,153684,153685,153686],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153687,582],{},[37,153689,153690,153691,4621,153693],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153692,36294],{},[18,153694,52884],{},[37,153696,1874,153697,153699],{},[18,153698,149205],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[819,153701,1891],{"id":1890},[14,153703,94594],{},[52,153705,153707],{"className":54,"code":153706,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153708,153709,153719,153733,153748,153766],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153710,153711,153713,153715,153717],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153712,127],{"class":126},[61,153714,113],{"class":75},[61,153716,148018],{"class":116},[61,153718,120],{"class":75},[61,153720,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153722,127],{"class":126},[61,153724,113],{"class":75},[61,153726,1948],{"class":126},[61,153728,113],{"class":75},[61,153730,148018],{"class":116},[61,153732,480],{"class":75},[61,153734,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153746],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153736,127],{"class":126},[61,153738,113],{"class":75},[61,153740,1766],{"class":116},[61,153742,1433],{"class":1490},[61,153744,153745],{"class":116}," my_tuple",[61,153747,120],{"class":75},[61,153749,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,153751,127],{"class":126},[61,153753,113],{"class":75},[61,153755,148018],{"class":116},[61,153757,26],{"class":75},[61,153759,41482],{"class":116},[61,153761,113],{"class":75},[61,153763,1783],{"class":116},[61,153765,480],{"class":75},[61,153767,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,153769,127],{"class":126},[61,153771,113],{"class":75},[61,153773,148018],{"class":116},[61,153775,26],{"class":75},[61,153777,36067],{"class":116},[61,153779,113],{"class":75},[61,153781,1783],{"class":116},[61,153783,480],{"class":75},[14,153785,153786,153787,84612,153789,153791],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153788,40926],{},[18,153790,1783],{}," is missing.",[14,153793,129635],{},[52,153795,153797],{"className":54,"code":153796,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153798,153799,153811,153829,153835],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153800,153801,153803,153805,153807,153809],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,153802,7227],{"class":1490},[61,153804,21804],{"class":67},[61,153806,1433],{"class":71},[61,153808,153745],{"class":67},[61,153810,6621],{"class":75},[61,153812,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,153814,8299],{"class":126},[61,153816,113],{"class":75},[61,153818,148018],{"class":116},[61,153820,26],{"class":75},[61,153822,36067],{"class":116},[61,153824,113],{"class":75},[61,153826,1783],{"class":116},[61,153828,480],{"class":75},[61,153830,153831,153833],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,153832,27655],{"class":1490},[61,153834,6621],{"class":75},[61,153836,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,153838,8299],{"class":126},[61,153840,113],{"class":75},[61,153842,215],{"class":214},[61,153844,153270],{"class":218},[61,153846,215],{"class":214},[61,153848,120],{"class":75},[47,153850,1987],{"id":1986},[819,153852,5371,153854,12939],{"id":153853},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153855,149205],{},[14,153857,153858],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[819,153860,153862],{"id":153861},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153864,153865,152732],{},[18,153866,149205],{},[819,153868,149184],{"id":149183},[14,153870,1331,153871,26],{},[18,153872,40926],{},[819,153874,153876],{"id":153875},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153878,153879,153880,4621,153882,153884],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153881,36294],{},[18,153883,52884],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[819,153886,15124,153888,57430,153890,2735],{"id":153887},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153889,149205],{},[18,153891,65083],{},[14,153893,153894],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[47,153896,2144],{"id":2143},[34,153898,153899,153905,153909,153914,153918],{},[37,153900,153901],{},[334,153902,149231,153903,10961],{"href":149283},[18,153904,57515],{},[37,153906,153907],{},[334,153908,149673],{"href":153099},[37,153910,153911],{},[334,153912,153913],{"href":150979},"Creating a tuple in Python",[37,153915,153916],{},[334,153917,66056],{"href":66055},[37,153919,153920],{},[334,153921,150927],{"href":152737},[2169,153923,153924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341,"children":153931},[153932],{"id":17615,"depth":123,"text":17616},{"id":103568,"depth":101,"text":103569},{"id":153074,"depth":101,"text":153075},{"id":65846,"depth":101,"text":65847},{"id":65623,"depth":101,"text":66406,"children":153937},[153938],{"id":153426,"depth":123,"text":153427},{"id":153534,"depth":101,"text":153535},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741,"children":153941},[153942],{"id":1890,"depth":123,"text":1891},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":153944},[153945,153947,153948,153949,153950],{"id":153853,"depth":123,"text":153946},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153861,"depth":123,"text":153862},{"id":149183,"depth":123,"text":149184},{"id":153875,"depth":123,"text":153876},{"id":153887,"depth":123,"text":153951},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152539,"description":153953},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153960,"title":153961,"body":153962,"description":155357,"extension":2216,"meta":155358,"navigation":271,"path":153099,"seo":155359,"stem":155360,"__hash__":155361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153963,"toc":155339},[153964,153967,153970,153973,153987,153989,153992,154086,154096,154102,154106,154109,154112,154114,154132,154134,154205,154207,154224,154228,154232,154235,154252,154255,154270,154272,154363,154366,154370,154373,154390,154392,154487,154490,154493,154497,154500,154594,154596,154615,154618,154622,154625,154627,154682,154684,154719,154722,154736,154744,154837,154846,154850,154853,154860,154863,154910,154912,154920,154923,154974,154976,154993,154998,155002,155005,155008,155010,155061,155064,155119,155122,155125,155127,155130,155150,155152,155225,155228,155241,155243,155247,155252,155256,155261,155278,155282,155285,155302,155306,155309,155311,155336],[10,153965,153961],{"id":153966},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153968,153969],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153971,153972],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[34,153974,153975,153978,153981,153984],{},[37,153976,153977],{},"positive indexes",[37,153979,153980],{},"negative indexes",[37,153982,153983],{},"common indexing mistakes",[37,153985,153986],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[47,153988,3842],{"id":3841},[14,153990,153991],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[52,153993,153995],{"className":54,"code":153994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153996,153997,154029,154033,154050,154067],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,153998,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154000,207],{"class":67},[61,154002,72],{"class":71},[61,154004,942],{"class":75},[61,154006,215],{"class":214},[61,154008,219],{"class":218},[61,154010,215],{"class":214},[61,154012,83],{"class":75},[61,154014,226],{"class":214},[61,154016,246],{"class":218},[61,154018,215],{"class":214},[61,154020,83],{"class":75},[61,154022,226],{"class":214},[61,154024,229],{"class":218},[61,154026,215],{"class":214},[61,154028,120],{"class":75},[61,154030,154031],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154032,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154034,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154036,127],{"class":126},[61,154038,113],{"class":75},[61,154040,264],{"class":116},[61,154042,4129],{"class":75},[61,154044,582],{"class":79},[61,154046,20666],{"class":75},[61,154048,154049],{"class":3896},"   # red\n",[61,154051,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154053,127],{"class":126},[61,154055,113],{"class":75},[61,154057,264],{"class":116},[61,154059,4129],{"class":75},[61,154061,80],{"class":79},[61,154063,20666],{"class":75},[61,154065,154066],{"class":3896},"   # green\n",[61,154068,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154070,127],{"class":126},[61,154072,113],{"class":75},[61,154074,264],{"class":116},[61,154076,4129],{"class":75},[61,154078,2275],{"class":71},[61,154080,80],{"class":79},[61,154082,20666],{"class":75},[61,154084,154085],{"class":3896},"  # blue\n",[34,154087,154088,154093],{},[37,154089,132424,154090,154092],{},[18,154091,582],{}," is the first item.",[37,154094,154095],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154097,154098,154099,26],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[334,154100,154101],{"href":148003},"how to create a tuple in Python",[47,154103,154105],{"id":154104},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154107,154108],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154110,154111],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154113,11679],{},[34,154115,154116,154119,154126,154129],{},[37,154117,154118],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[37,154120,154121,154122,19183,154124],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154123,582],{},[18,154125,80],{},[37,154127,154128],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[37,154130,154131],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154133,197],{},[52,154135,154137],{"className":54,"code":154136,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154138,154139,154159,154163,154177,154191],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154142,68],{"class":67},[61,154144,72],{"class":71},[61,154146,942],{"class":75},[61,154148,447],{"class":79},[61,154150,83],{"class":75},[61,154152,452],{"class":79},[61,154154,83],{"class":75},[61,154156,8025],{"class":79},[61,154158,120],{"class":75},[61,154160,154161],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154162,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154164,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154166,127],{"class":126},[61,154168,113],{"class":75},[61,154170,117],{"class":116},[61,154172,4129],{"class":75},[61,154174,582],{"class":79},[61,154176,1474],{"class":75},[61,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154180,127],{"class":126},[61,154182,113],{"class":75},[61,154184,117],{"class":116},[61,154186,4129],{"class":75},[61,154188,80],{"class":79},[61,154190,1474],{"class":75},[61,154192,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154194,127],{"class":126},[61,154196,113],{"class":75},[61,154198,117],{"class":116},[61,154200,4129],{"class":75},[61,154202,2310],{"class":79},[61,154204,1474],{"class":75},[14,154206,139],{},[52,154208,154210],{"className":54,"code":154209,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154211,154212,154216,154220],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154213,154214],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154215,2621],{"class":79},[61,154217,154218],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154219,71441],{"class":79},[61,154221,154222],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154223,70057],{"class":79},[14,154225,59618,154226,26],{},[334,154227,148000],{"href":147999},[47,154229,154231],{"id":154230},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154233,154234],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[34,154236,154237,154242,154247],{},[37,154238,154239,154241],{},[18,154240,582],{}," = first item",[37,154243,154244,154246],{},[18,154245,80],{}," = second item",[37,154248,154249,154251],{},[18,154250,2310],{}," = third item",[14,154253,154254],{},"Pattern:",[52,154256,154258],{"className":54,"code":154257,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154259,154260],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154263,152755],{"class":67},[61,154265,4129],{"class":75},[61,154267,36067],{"class":67},[61,154269,98],{"class":75},[14,154271,197],{},[52,154273,154275],{"className":54,"code":154274,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154276,154277,154309,154313,154330,154346],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154280,36460],{"class":67},[61,154282,72],{"class":71},[61,154284,942],{"class":75},[61,154286,215],{"class":214},[61,154288,2042],{"class":218},[61,154290,215],{"class":214},[61,154292,83],{"class":75},[61,154294,226],{"class":214},[61,154296,1040],{"class":218},[61,154298,215],{"class":214},[61,154300,83],{"class":75},[61,154302,226],{"class":214},[61,154304,4323],{"class":218},[61,154306,215],{"class":214},[61,154308,120],{"class":75},[61,154310,154311],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154312,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154314,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154316,127],{"class":126},[61,154318,113],{"class":75},[61,154320,36512],{"class":116},[61,154322,4129],{"class":75},[61,154324,582],{"class":79},[61,154326,20666],{"class":75},[61,154328,154329],{"class":3896},"  # apple\n",[61,154331,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154333,127],{"class":126},[61,154335,113],{"class":75},[61,154337,36512],{"class":116},[61,154339,4129],{"class":75},[61,154341,80],{"class":79},[61,154343,20666],{"class":75},[61,154345,51709],{"class":3896},[61,154347,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154349,127],{"class":126},[61,154351,113],{"class":75},[61,154353,36512],{"class":116},[61,154355,4129],{"class":75},[61,154357,2310],{"class":79},[61,154359,20666],{"class":75},[61,154361,154362],{"class":3896},"  # cherry\n",[14,154364,154365],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[47,154367,154369],{"id":154368},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154371,154372],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[34,154374,154375,154380,154385],{},[37,154376,154377,154379],{},[18,154378,66071],{}," = last item",[37,154381,154382,154384],{},[18,154383,95624],{}," = second-to-last item",[37,154386,154387,154389],{},[18,154388,47894],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154391,197],{},[52,154393,154395],{"className":54,"code":154394,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154396,154397,154429,154433,154451,154469],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154398,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154400,36460],{"class":67},[61,154402,72],{"class":71},[61,154404,942],{"class":75},[61,154406,215],{"class":214},[61,154408,2042],{"class":218},[61,154410,215],{"class":214},[61,154412,83],{"class":75},[61,154414,226],{"class":214},[61,154416,1040],{"class":218},[61,154418,215],{"class":214},[61,154420,83],{"class":75},[61,154422,226],{"class":214},[61,154424,4323],{"class":218},[61,154426,215],{"class":214},[61,154428,120],{"class":75},[61,154430,154431],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154432,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154434,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154436,127],{"class":126},[61,154438,113],{"class":75},[61,154440,36512],{"class":116},[61,154442,4129],{"class":75},[61,154444,2275],{"class":71},[61,154446,80],{"class":79},[61,154448,20666],{"class":75},[61,154450,154362],{"class":3896},[61,154452,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154454,127],{"class":126},[61,154456,113],{"class":75},[61,154458,36512],{"class":116},[61,154460,4129],{"class":75},[61,154462,2275],{"class":71},[61,154464,2310],{"class":79},[61,154466,20666],{"class":75},[61,154468,51709],{"class":3896},[61,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154472,127],{"class":126},[61,154474,113],{"class":75},[61,154476,36512],{"class":116},[61,154478,4129],{"class":75},[61,154480,2275],{"class":71},[61,154482,1321],{"class":79},[61,154484,20666],{"class":75},[61,154486,154329],{"class":3896},[14,154488,154489],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154491,154492],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[47,154494,154496],{"id":154495},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154498,154499],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[52,154501,154503],{"className":54,"code":154502,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154504,154505,154537,154541,154558,154575],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154506,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154508,5223],{"class":67},[61,154510,72],{"class":71},[61,154512,942],{"class":75},[61,154514,215],{"class":214},[61,154516,13104],{"class":218},[61,154518,215],{"class":214},[61,154520,83],{"class":75},[61,154522,226],{"class":214},[61,154524,36162],{"class":218},[61,154526,215],{"class":214},[61,154528,83],{"class":75},[61,154530,226],{"class":214},[61,154532,36171],{"class":218},[61,154534,215],{"class":214},[61,154536,120],{"class":75},[61,154538,154539],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154540,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154544,127],{"class":126},[61,154546,113],{"class":75},[61,154548,5267],{"class":116},[61,154550,4129],{"class":75},[61,154552,582],{"class":79},[61,154554,20666],{"class":75},[61,154556,154557],{"class":3896},"   # first item\n",[61,154559,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154561,127],{"class":126},[61,154563,113],{"class":75},[61,154565,5267],{"class":116},[61,154567,4129],{"class":75},[61,154569,80],{"class":79},[61,154571,20666],{"class":75},[61,154573,154574],{"class":3896},"   # middle item\n",[61,154576,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154578,127],{"class":126},[61,154580,113],{"class":75},[61,154582,5267],{"class":116},[61,154584,4129],{"class":75},[61,154586,2275],{"class":71},[61,154588,80],{"class":79},[61,154590,20666],{"class":75},[61,154592,154593],{"class":3896},"  # last item\n",[14,154595,139],{},[52,154597,154599],{"className":54,"code":154598,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154600,154601,154605,154610],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154602,154603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154604,50263],{"class":67},[61,154606,154607],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154608,154609],{"class":67},"Ben\n",[61,154611,154612],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154613,154614],{"class":67},"Cara\n",[14,154616,154617],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[47,154619,154621],{"id":154620},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154623,154624],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154626,197],{},[52,154628,154630],{"className":54,"code":154629,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154631,154632,154664,154668],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154635,36312],{"class":67},[61,154637,72],{"class":71},[61,154639,942],{"class":75},[61,154641,215],{"class":214},[61,154643,334],{"class":218},[61,154645,215],{"class":214},[61,154647,83],{"class":75},[61,154649,226],{"class":214},[61,154651,765],{"class":218},[61,154653,215],{"class":214},[61,154655,83],{"class":75},[61,154657,226],{"class":214},[61,154659,9961],{"class":218},[61,154661,215],{"class":214},[61,154663,120],{"class":75},[61,154665,154666],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154667,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154669,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154671,127],{"class":126},[61,154673,113],{"class":75},[61,154675,36365],{"class":116},[61,154677,4129],{"class":75},[61,154679,945],{"class":79},[61,154681,1474],{"class":75},[14,154683,139],{},[52,154685,154687],{"className":54,"code":154686,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154688,154689,154701,154706],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154690,154691,154694,154696,154699],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154692,154693],{"class":116},"Traceback ",[61,154695,113],{"class":75},[61,154697,154698],{"class":116},"most recent call last",[61,154700,8572],{"class":75},[61,154702,154703],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154704,154705],{"class":34675},"  ...\n",[61,154707,154708,154710,154712,154714,154717],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154709,70948],{"class":109},[61,154711,378],{"class":75},[61,154713,149366],{"class":109},[61,154715,154716],{"class":67}," index out of ",[61,154718,71140],{"class":126},[14,154720,154721],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[34,154723,154724,154728,154732],{},[37,154725,154726],{},[18,154727,582],{},[37,154729,154730],{},[18,154731,80],{},[37,154733,154734],{},[18,154735,2310],{},[14,154737,154738,154739,26],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[334,154740,154741,154743],{"href":149238},[18,154742,42584],{}," on a tuple",[52,154745,154747],{"className":54,"code":154746,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154748,154749,154781,154785,154801,154805,154823],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154750,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154752,36312],{"class":67},[61,154754,72],{"class":71},[61,154756,942],{"class":75},[61,154758,215],{"class":214},[61,154760,334],{"class":218},[61,154762,215],{"class":214},[61,154764,83],{"class":75},[61,154766,226],{"class":214},[61,154768,765],{"class":218},[61,154770,215],{"class":214},[61,154772,83],{"class":75},[61,154774,226],{"class":214},[61,154776,9961],{"class":218},[61,154778,215],{"class":214},[61,154780,120],{"class":75},[61,154782,154783],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154784,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154786,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154788,127],{"class":126},[61,154790,113],{"class":75},[61,154792,1948],{"class":126},[61,154794,113],{"class":75},[61,154796,36365],{"class":116},[61,154798,5590],{"class":75},[61,154800,50994],{"class":3896},[61,154802,154803],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,154804,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154806,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,154808,7227],{"class":1490},[61,154810,38607],{"class":126},[61,154812,113],{"class":75},[61,154814,36365],{"class":116},[61,154816,3893],{"class":75},[61,154818,38617],{"class":71},[61,154820,86],{"class":79},[61,154822,6621],{"class":75},[61,154824,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,154826,8299],{"class":126},[61,154828,113],{"class":75},[61,154830,36365],{"class":116},[61,154832,4129],{"class":75},[61,154834,2310],{"class":79},[61,154836,1474],{"class":75},[14,154838,154839,154840,26],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[334,154841,25900,154843],{"href":154842},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154844,154845],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[47,154847,154849],{"id":154848},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154851,154852],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[34,154854,154855,154857],{},[37,154856,77090],{},[37,154858,154859],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154861,154862],{},"Indexing example:",[52,154864,154866],{"className":54,"code":154865,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154867,154868,154892,154896],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154869,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154871,68],{"class":67},[61,154873,72],{"class":71},[61,154875,942],{"class":75},[61,154877,447],{"class":79},[61,154879,83],{"class":75},[61,154881,452],{"class":79},[61,154883,83],{"class":75},[61,154885,8025],{"class":79},[61,154887,83],{"class":75},[61,154889,51067],{"class":79},[61,154891,120],{"class":75},[61,154893,154894],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154895,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154897,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154899,127],{"class":126},[61,154901,113],{"class":75},[61,154903,117],{"class":116},[61,154905,4129],{"class":75},[61,154907,80],{"class":79},[61,154909,1474],{"class":75},[14,154911,139],{},[52,154913,154914],{"className":54,"code":71441,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,154915,154916],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154917,154918],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154919,71441],{"class":79},[14,154921,154922],{},"Slicing example:",[52,154924,154926],{"className":54,"code":154925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154927,154928,154952,154956],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154929,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154931,68],{"class":67},[61,154933,72],{"class":71},[61,154935,942],{"class":75},[61,154937,447],{"class":79},[61,154939,83],{"class":75},[61,154941,452],{"class":79},[61,154943,83],{"class":75},[61,154945,8025],{"class":79},[61,154947,83],{"class":75},[61,154949,51067],{"class":79},[61,154951,120],{"class":75},[61,154953,154954],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,154955,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,154957,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,154959,127],{"class":126},[61,154961,113],{"class":75},[61,154963,117],{"class":116},[61,154965,4129],{"class":75},[61,154967,80],{"class":79},[61,154969,378],{"class":75},[61,154971,1321],{"class":79},[61,154973,1474],{"class":75},[14,154975,139],{},[52,154977,154979],{"className":54,"code":154978,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154980,154981],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,154982,154983,154985,154987,154989,154991],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,154984,113],{"class":75},[61,154986,15974],{"class":79},[61,154988,83],{"class":75},[61,154990,8025],{"class":79},[61,154992,120],{"class":75},[14,154994,154995,154996,26],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[334,154997,150917],{"href":150916},[47,154999,155001],{"id":155000},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155003,155004],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155006,155007],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155009,6917],{},[52,155011,155013],{"className":54,"code":155012,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,155014,155015,155047],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155016,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155018,207],{"class":67},[61,155020,72],{"class":71},[61,155022,942],{"class":75},[61,155024,215],{"class":214},[61,155026,219],{"class":218},[61,155028,215],{"class":214},[61,155030,83],{"class":75},[61,155032,226],{"class":214},[61,155034,246],{"class":218},[61,155036,215],{"class":214},[61,155038,83],{"class":75},[61,155040,226],{"class":214},[61,155042,229],{"class":218},[61,155044,215],{"class":214},[61,155046,120],{"class":75},[61,155048,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155050,127],{"class":126},[61,155052,113],{"class":75},[61,155054,264],{"class":116},[61,155056,4129],{"class":75},[61,155058,80],{"class":79},[61,155060,1474],{"class":75},[14,155062,155063],{},"But this does not work:",[52,155065,155067],{"className":54,"code":155066,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155068,155069,155101],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155070,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155072,207],{"class":67},[61,155074,72],{"class":71},[61,155076,942],{"class":75},[61,155078,215],{"class":214},[61,155080,219],{"class":218},[61,155082,215],{"class":214},[61,155084,83],{"class":75},[61,155086,226],{"class":214},[61,155088,246],{"class":218},[61,155090,215],{"class":214},[61,155092,83],{"class":75},[61,155094,226],{"class":214},[61,155096,229],{"class":218},[61,155098,215],{"class":214},[61,155100,120],{"class":75},[61,155102,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155104,264],{"class":67},[61,155106,4129],{"class":75},[61,155108,80],{"class":79},[61,155110,13495],{"class":75},[61,155112,13498],{"class":71},[61,155114,226],{"class":214},[61,155116,22744],{"class":218},[61,155118,1043],{"class":214},[14,155120,155121],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155123,155124],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[47,155126,1741],{"id":1740},[14,155128,155129],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[34,155131,155132,155138,155141,155144],{},[37,155133,132728,155134,11313,155136],{},[18,155135,80],{},[18,155137,582],{},[37,155139,155140],{},"Using an index that is too large",[37,155142,155143],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[37,155145,155146,155147],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155148,155149],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155151,62513],{},[52,155153,155155],{"className":54,"code":155154,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155156,155157,155167,155181,155195,155211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155158,155159,155161,155163,155165],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155160,127],{"class":126},[61,155162,113],{"class":75},[61,155164,148018],{"class":116},[61,155166,120],{"class":75},[61,155168,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155170,127],{"class":126},[61,155172,113],{"class":75},[61,155174,1948],{"class":126},[61,155176,113],{"class":75},[61,155178,148018],{"class":116},[61,155180,480],{"class":75},[61,155182,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191,155193],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,155184,127],{"class":126},[61,155186,113],{"class":75},[61,155188,148018],{"class":116},[61,155190,4129],{"class":75},[61,155192,582],{"class":79},[61,155194,1474],{"class":75},[61,155196,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,155198,127],{"class":126},[61,155200,113],{"class":75},[61,155202,148018],{"class":116},[61,155204,4129],{"class":75},[61,155206,2275],{"class":71},[61,155208,80],{"class":79},[61,155210,1474],{"class":75},[61,155212,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,155214,127],{"class":126},[61,155216,113],{"class":75},[61,155218,648],{"class":109},[61,155220,113],{"class":75},[61,155222,148018],{"class":116},[61,155224,480],{"class":75},[14,155226,155227],{},"These can help you confirm:",[34,155229,155230,155233,155235,155238],{},[37,155231,155232],{},"what the tuple contains",[37,155234,61003],{},[37,155236,155237],{},"what the first and last items are",[37,155239,155240],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[47,155242,1987],{"id":1986},[819,155244,155246],{"id":155245},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155248,155249,155250,26],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155251,582],{},[819,155253,155255],{"id":155254},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155257,165,155258,155260],{},[18,155259,66071],{}," as the index:",[52,155262,155264],{"className":54,"code":155263,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155265,155266],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155267,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155269,148018],{"class":67},[61,155271,4129],{"class":75},[61,155273,2275],{"class":71},[61,155275,80],{"class":79},[61,155277,98],{"class":75},[819,155279,155281],{"id":155280},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155283,155284],{},"Python raises:",[52,155286,155288],{"className":54,"code":155287,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155289,155290],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155291,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155293,70948],{"class":109},[61,155295,378],{"class":75},[61,155297,149366],{"class":109},[61,155299,154716],{"class":67},[61,155301,71140],{"class":126},[819,155303,155305],{"id":155304},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155307,155308],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[47,155310,2144],{"id":2143},[34,155312,155313,155318,155322,155326,155332],{},[37,155314,155315],{},[334,155316,155317],{"href":148003},"How to create a tuple in Python",[37,155319,155320],{},[334,155321,150917],{"href":150916},[37,155323,155324],{},[334,155325,150922],{"href":149238},[37,155327,155328],{},[334,155329,26343,155330],{"href":154842},[18,155331,154845],{},[37,155333,155334],{},[334,155335,148000],{"href":147999},[2169,155337,155338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":155340},[155341,155342,155343,155344,155345,155346,155347,155348,155349,155350,155356],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":154104,"depth":101,"text":154105},{"id":154230,"depth":101,"text":154231},{"id":154368,"depth":101,"text":154369},{"id":154495,"depth":101,"text":154496},{"id":154620,"depth":101,"text":154621},{"id":154848,"depth":101,"text":154849},{"id":155000,"depth":101,"text":155001},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":155351},[155352,155353,155354,155355],{"id":155245,"depth":123,"text":155246},{"id":155254,"depth":123,"text":155255},{"id":155280,"depth":123,"text":155281},{"id":155304,"depth":123,"text":155305},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153961,"description":155357},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155363,"title":155364,"body":155365,"description":157254,"extension":2216,"meta":157255,"navigation":271,"path":157256,"seo":157257,"stem":157258,"__hash__":157259},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155366,"toc":157211},[155367,155373,155378,155429,155433,155441,155447,155449,155465,155467,155470,155485,155487,155500,155502,155559,155563,155571,155578,155584,155590,155594,155645,155649,155657,155661,155690,155694,155702,155706,155739,155743,155751,155755,155758,155809,155813,155821,155823,155840,155844,155848,155907,155911,155919,155922,155949,155953,155961,155965,155971,156046,156050,156087,156095,156099,156162,156166,156174,156179,156183,156189,156232,156236,156244,156250,156253,156300,156304,156312,156321,156327,156382,156386,156394,156397,156401,156403,156434,156438,156457,156460,156505,156509,156532,156538,156543,156545,156592,156597,156600,156648,156652,156660,156664,156669,156673,156723,156727,156742,156746,156804,156808,156823,156827,156898,156902,156911,156915,156994,156998,157020,157028,157030,157033,157058,157060,157113,157115,157132,157134,157138,157144,157149,157154,157158,157163,157167,157172,157178,157181,157183,157208],[10,155368,155370,155371,3893],{"id":155369},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155372,1948],{},[14,155374,165,155375,155377],{},[18,155376,42584],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[52,155379,155381],{"className":54,"code":155380,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155382,155383,155415],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155384,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155386,207],{"class":67},[61,155388,72],{"class":71},[61,155390,942],{"class":75},[61,155392,215],{"class":214},[61,155394,219],{"class":218},[61,155396,215],{"class":214},[61,155398,83],{"class":75},[61,155400,226],{"class":214},[61,155402,246],{"class":218},[61,155404,215],{"class":214},[61,155406,83],{"class":75},[61,155408,226],{"class":214},[61,155410,229],{"class":218},[61,155412,215],{"class":214},[61,155414,120],{"class":75},[61,155416,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155418,127],{"class":126},[61,155420,113],{"class":75},[61,155422,1948],{"class":126},[61,155424,113],{"class":75},[61,155426,264],{"class":116},[61,155428,480],{"class":75},[14,155430,155431],{},[23,155432,139],{},[52,155434,155435],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155436,155437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155438,155439],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155440,46840],{"class":79},[14,155442,165,155443,155446],{},[18,155444,155445],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[47,155448,15384],{"id":15383},[34,155450,155451,155456,155460,155463],{},[37,155452,4425,155453,155455],{},[18,155454,42584],{}," works with tuples",[37,155457,68475,155458,11927],{},[18,155459,42584],{},[37,155461,155462],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[37,155464,4747],{},[47,155466,341],{"id":340},[14,155468,155469],{},"Use this pattern:",[52,155471,155473],{"className":54,"code":155472,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155474,155475],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155476,155477,155479,155481,155483],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155478,1948],{"class":126},[61,155480,113],{"class":75},[61,155482,148018],{"class":116},[61,155484,120],{"class":75},[14,155486,11679],{},[34,155488,155489,155492,155495],{},[37,155490,155491],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[37,155493,155494],{},"The result is an integer",[37,155496,155497,155499],{},[18,155498,42584],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155501,197],{},[52,155503,155505],{"className":54,"code":155504,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155506,155507,155531,155545,155549],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155508,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155510,68],{"class":67},[61,155512,72],{"class":71},[61,155514,942],{"class":75},[61,155516,447],{"class":79},[61,155518,83],{"class":75},[61,155520,452],{"class":79},[61,155522,83],{"class":75},[61,155524,8025],{"class":79},[61,155526,83],{"class":75},[61,155528,51067],{"class":79},[61,155530,120],{"class":75},[61,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155534,41464],{"class":67},[61,155536,72],{"class":71},[61,155538,38607],{"class":126},[61,155540,113],{"class":75},[61,155542,117],{"class":116},[61,155544,120],{"class":75},[61,155546,155547],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,155548,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,155550,155551,155553,155555,155557],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,155552,127],{"class":126},[61,155554,113],{"class":75},[61,155556,41482],{"class":116},[61,155558,120],{"class":75},[14,155560,155561],{},[23,155562,139],{},[52,155564,155565],{"className":54,"code":48874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155566,155567],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155568,155569],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155570,48874],{"class":79},[14,155572,155573,155574,26],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[334,155575,3808,155576,3741],{"href":42581},[18,155577,42584],{},[47,155579,3911,155581,155583],{"id":155580},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155582,42584],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155585,155586,155587,155589],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155588,42584],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[819,155591,155593],{"id":155592},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[52,155595,155597],{"className":54,"code":155596,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155598,155599,155631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155600,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155602,36460],{"class":67},[61,155604,72],{"class":71},[61,155606,942],{"class":75},[61,155608,215],{"class":214},[61,155610,2042],{"class":218},[61,155612,215],{"class":214},[61,155614,83],{"class":75},[61,155616,226],{"class":214},[61,155618,1040],{"class":218},[61,155620,215],{"class":214},[61,155622,83],{"class":75},[61,155624,226],{"class":214},[61,155626,33442],{"class":218},[61,155628,215],{"class":214},[61,155630,120],{"class":75},[61,155632,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155634,127],{"class":126},[61,155636,113],{"class":75},[61,155638,1948],{"class":126},[61,155640,113],{"class":75},[61,155642,36512],{"class":116},[61,155644,480],{"class":75},[14,155646,155647],{},[23,155648,139],{},[52,155650,155651],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155652,155653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155654,155655],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155656,46840],{"class":79},[819,155658,155660],{"id":155659},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[52,155662,155664],{"className":54,"code":155663,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155665,155666,155675],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155667,155668,155671,155673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155669,155670],{"class":67},"empty_tuple ",[61,155672,72],{"class":71},[61,155674,149342],{"class":75},[61,155676,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155688],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155678,127],{"class":126},[61,155680,113],{"class":75},[61,155682,1948],{"class":126},[61,155684,113],{"class":75},[61,155686,155687],{"class":116},"empty_tuple",[61,155689,480],{"class":75},[14,155691,155692],{},[23,155693,139],{},[52,155695,155696],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155697,155698],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155699,155700],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155701,47475],{"class":79},[819,155703,155705],{"id":155704},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[52,155707,155709],{"className":54,"code":155708,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155710,155711,155724],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155712,155713,155716,155718,155720,155722],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155714,155715],{"class":67},"single_value ",[61,155717,72],{"class":71},[61,155719,942],{"class":75},[61,155721,945],{"class":79},[61,155723,149356],{"class":75},[61,155725,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155737],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155727,127],{"class":126},[61,155729,113],{"class":75},[61,155731,1948],{"class":126},[61,155733,113],{"class":75},[61,155735,155736],{"class":116},"single_value",[61,155738,480],{"class":75},[14,155740,155741],{},[23,155742,139],{},[52,155744,155745],{"className":54,"code":47140,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155746,155747],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155748,155749],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155750,47140],{"class":79},[819,155752,155754],{"id":155753},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155756,155757],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[52,155759,155761],{"className":54,"code":155760,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155762,155763,155795],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155764,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155766,9390],{"class":67},[61,155768,72],{"class":71},[61,155770,942],{"class":75},[61,155772,80],{"class":79},[61,155774,83],{"class":75},[61,155776,942],{"class":75},[61,155778,2310],{"class":79},[61,155780,83],{"class":75},[61,155782,95],{"class":79},[61,155784,1362],{"class":75},[61,155786,76],{"class":75},[61,155788,498],{"class":79},[61,155790,83],{"class":75},[61,155792,950],{"class":79},[61,155794,1474],{"class":75},[61,155796,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155798,127],{"class":126},[61,155800,113],{"class":75},[61,155802,1948],{"class":126},[61,155804,113],{"class":75},[61,155806,9429],{"class":116},[61,155808,480],{"class":75},[14,155810,155811],{},[23,155812,139],{},[52,155814,155815],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155816,155817],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155818,155819],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155820,46840],{"class":79},[14,155822,20177],{},[34,155824,155825,155830,155835],{},[37,155826,155827,155829],{},[18,155828,80],{}," is one item",[37,155831,155832,155829],{},[18,155833,155834],{},"(2, 3)",[37,155836,155837,155829],{},[18,155838,155839],{},"[4, 5]",[47,155841,155843],{"id":155842},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[819,155845,155847],{"id":155846},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[52,155849,155851],{"className":54,"code":155850,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155852,155853,155893],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155856,207],{"class":67},[61,155858,72],{"class":71},[61,155860,942],{"class":75},[61,155862,215],{"class":214},[61,155864,219],{"class":218},[61,155866,215],{"class":214},[61,155868,83],{"class":75},[61,155870,226],{"class":214},[61,155872,246],{"class":218},[61,155874,215],{"class":214},[61,155876,83],{"class":75},[61,155878,226],{"class":214},[61,155880,229],{"class":218},[61,155882,215],{"class":214},[61,155884,83],{"class":75},[61,155886,226],{"class":214},[61,155888,22744],{"class":218},[61,155890,215],{"class":214},[61,155892,120],{"class":75},[61,155894,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155896,127],{"class":126},[61,155898,113],{"class":75},[61,155900,1948],{"class":126},[61,155902,113],{"class":75},[61,155904,264],{"class":116},[61,155906,480],{"class":75},[14,155908,155909],{},[23,155910,139],{},[52,155912,155913],{"className":54,"code":48874,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155914,155915],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155916,155917],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155918,48874],{"class":79},[819,155920,155660],{"id":155921},"empty-tuple-1",[52,155923,155925],{"className":54,"code":155924,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155926,155927,155935],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155928,155929,155931,155933],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155930,1230],{"class":67},[61,155932,72],{"class":71},[61,155934,149342],{"class":75},[61,155936,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155938,127],{"class":126},[61,155940,113],{"class":75},[61,155942,1948],{"class":126},[61,155944,113],{"class":75},[61,155946,1267],{"class":116},[61,155948,480],{"class":75},[14,155950,155951],{},[23,155952,139],{},[52,155954,155955],{"className":54,"code":47475,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,155956,155957],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155958,155959],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155960,47475],{"class":79},[819,155962,155964],{"id":155963},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155966,155967,155968,155970],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[23,155969,704],{}," always a tuple.",[52,155972,155974],{"className":54,"code":155973,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155975,155976,155988,156000,156004,156018,156032],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,155977,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,155979,717],{"class":67},[61,155981,72],{"class":71},[61,155983,942],{"class":75},[61,155985,945],{"class":79},[61,155987,120],{"class":75},[61,155989,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,155991,728],{"class":67},[61,155993,72],{"class":71},[61,155995,942],{"class":75},[61,155997,945],{"class":79},[61,155999,149356],{"class":75},[61,156001,156002],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156003,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,156005,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,156007,127],{"class":126},[61,156009,113],{"class":75},[61,156011,648],{"class":109},[61,156013,113],{"class":75},[61,156015,334],{"class":116},[61,156017,480],{"class":75},[61,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,156021,127],{"class":126},[61,156023,113],{"class":75},[61,156025,648],{"class":109},[61,156027,113],{"class":75},[61,156029,765],{"class":116},[61,156031,480],{"class":75},[61,156033,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,156035,127],{"class":126},[61,156037,113],{"class":75},[61,156039,1948],{"class":126},[61,156041,113],{"class":75},[61,156043,765],{"class":116},[61,156045,480],{"class":75},[14,156047,156048],{},[23,156049,139],{},[52,156051,156053],{"className":54,"code":156052,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156054,156055,156069,156083],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156056,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156058,672],{"class":71},[61,156060,676],{"class":675},[61,156062,308],{"class":214},[61,156064,1203],{"class":218},[61,156066,299],{"class":214},[61,156068,685],{"class":71},[61,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156072,672],{"class":71},[61,156074,676],{"class":675},[61,156076,308],{"class":214},[61,156078,386],{"class":218},[61,156080,299],{"class":214},[61,156082,685],{"class":71},[61,156084,156085],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156086,47140],{"class":79},[14,156088,156089,156090,4621,156093,26],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[334,156091,156092],{"href":148003},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[334,156094,149304],{"href":149303},[819,156096,156098],{"id":156097},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[52,156100,156102],{"className":54,"code":156101,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156103,156104,156148],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156107,59698],{"class":67},[61,156109,72],{"class":71},[61,156111,942],{"class":75},[61,156113,215],{"class":214},[61,156115,2042],{"class":218},[61,156117,215],{"class":214},[61,156119,83],{"class":75},[61,156121,76],{"class":75},[61,156123,80],{"class":79},[61,156125,83],{"class":75},[61,156127,86],{"class":79},[61,156129,1316],{"class":75},[61,156131,942],{"class":75},[61,156133,215],{"class":214},[61,156135,2422],{"class":218},[61,156137,215],{"class":214},[61,156139,83],{"class":75},[61,156141,226],{"class":214},[61,156143,11967],{"class":218},[61,156145,215],{"class":214},[61,156147,480],{"class":75},[61,156149,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156151,127],{"class":126},[61,156153,113],{"class":75},[61,156155,1948],{"class":126},[61,156157,113],{"class":75},[61,156159,59751],{"class":116},[61,156161,480],{"class":75},[14,156163,156164],{},[23,156165,139],{},[52,156167,156168],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156169,156170],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156171,156172],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156173,46840],{"class":79},[14,156175,156176,156178],{},[18,156177,42584],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[47,156180,156182],{"id":156181},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[819,156184,156186,156188],{"id":156185},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156187,42584],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[52,156190,156192],{"className":54,"code":156191,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156193,156194,156218],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156197,4298],{"class":67},[61,156199,72],{"class":71},[61,156201,942],{"class":75},[61,156203,215],{"class":214},[61,156205,63814],{"class":218},[61,156207,215],{"class":214},[61,156209,83],{"class":75},[61,156211,226],{"class":214},[61,156213,56],{"class":218},[61,156215,215],{"class":214},[61,156217,120],{"class":75},[61,156219,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156221,127],{"class":126},[61,156223,113],{"class":75},[61,156225,1948],{"class":126},[61,156227,113],{"class":75},[61,156229,4340],{"class":116},[61,156231,480],{"class":75},[14,156233,156234],{},[23,156235,139],{},[52,156237,156238],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156239,156240],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156241,156242],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156243,17277],{"class":79},[14,156245,156246,156247,156249],{},"This result is ",[18,156248,2310],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156251,156252],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[52,156254,156256],{"className":54,"code":156255,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156257,156258,156282],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156259,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156261,4298],{"class":67},[61,156263,72],{"class":71},[61,156265,942],{"class":75},[61,156267,215],{"class":214},[61,156269,63814],{"class":218},[61,156271,215],{"class":214},[61,156273,83],{"class":75},[61,156275,226],{"class":214},[61,156277,56],{"class":218},[61,156279,215],{"class":214},[61,156281,120],{"class":75},[61,156283,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156285,127],{"class":126},[61,156287,113],{"class":75},[61,156289,1948],{"class":126},[61,156291,113],{"class":75},[61,156293,4340],{"class":116},[61,156295,4129],{"class":75},[61,156297,582],{"class":79},[61,156299,433],{"class":75},[14,156301,156302],{},[23,156303,139],{},[52,156305,156306],{"className":54,"code":17277,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156307,156308],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156309,156310],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156311,17277],{"class":79},[14,156313,20991,156314,156317,156318,26],{},[18,156315,156316],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156319,156320],{},"\"hi\"",[819,156322,156324,156326],{"id":156323},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156325,42584],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[52,156328,156330],{"className":54,"code":156329,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156331,156332,156368],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156333,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156335,937],{"class":67},[61,156337,72],{"class":71},[61,156339,10216],{"class":75},[61,156341,80],{"class":79},[61,156343,83],{"class":75},[61,156345,86],{"class":79},[61,156347,1362],{"class":75},[61,156349,942],{"class":75},[61,156351,1321],{"class":79},[61,156353,83],{"class":75},[61,156355,1178],{"class":79},[61,156357,1362],{"class":75},[61,156359,942],{"class":75},[61,156361,945],{"class":79},[61,156363,83],{"class":75},[61,156365,37865],{"class":79},[61,156367,480],{"class":75},[61,156369,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156371,127],{"class":126},[61,156373,113],{"class":75},[61,156375,1948],{"class":126},[61,156377,113],{"class":75},[61,156379,974],{"class":116},[61,156381,480],{"class":75},[14,156383,156384],{},[23,156385,139],{},[52,156387,156388],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156389,156390],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156391,156392],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156393,46840],{"class":79},[14,156395,156396],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[819,156398,156400],{"id":156399},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156402,25911],{},[52,156404,156406],{"className":54,"code":156405,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156407,156408,156420],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156409,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156411,1766],{"class":67},[61,156413,72],{"class":71},[61,156415,942],{"class":75},[61,156417,447],{"class":79},[61,156419,120],{"class":75},[61,156421,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156423,127],{"class":126},[61,156425,113],{"class":75},[61,156427,648],{"class":109},[61,156429,113],{"class":75},[61,156431,1783],{"class":116},[61,156433,480],{"class":75},[14,156435,156436],{},[23,156437,139],{},[52,156439,156441],{"className":54,"code":156440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156442,156443],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156444,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156446,672],{"class":71},[61,156448,676],{"class":675},[61,156450,308],{"class":214},[61,156452,1203],{"class":218},[61,156454,299],{"class":214},[61,156456,685],{"class":71},[14,156458,156459],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[52,156461,156463],{"className":54,"code":156462,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156464,156465,156477,156491],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156466,156467,156469,156471,156473,156475],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156468,1766],{"class":67},[61,156470,72],{"class":71},[61,156472,942],{"class":75},[61,156474,447],{"class":79},[61,156476,149356],{"class":75},[61,156478,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487,156489],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156480,127],{"class":126},[61,156482,113],{"class":75},[61,156484,648],{"class":109},[61,156486,113],{"class":75},[61,156488,1783],{"class":116},[61,156490,480],{"class":75},[61,156492,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156494,127],{"class":126},[61,156496,113],{"class":75},[61,156498,1948],{"class":126},[61,156500,113],{"class":75},[61,156502,1783],{"class":116},[61,156504,480],{"class":75},[14,156506,156507],{},[23,156508,139],{},[52,156510,156512],{"className":54,"code":156511,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156513,156514,156528],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156515,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156517,672],{"class":71},[61,156519,676],{"class":675},[61,156521,308],{"class":214},[61,156523,386],{"class":218},[61,156525,299],{"class":214},[61,156527,685],{"class":71},[61,156529,156530],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156531,47140],{"class":79},[819,156533,156535,156537],{"id":156534},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156536,1948],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156539,44652,156540,156542],{},[18,156541,1948],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156544,44683],{},[52,156546,156548],{"className":54,"code":156547,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156549,156550,156558,156578],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156551,156552,156554,156556],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156553,1948],{"class":126},[61,156555,13498],{"class":71},[61,156557,2828],{"class":79},[61,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156561,68],{"class":67},[61,156563,72],{"class":71},[61,156565,942],{"class":75},[61,156567,80],{"class":79},[61,156569,83],{"class":75},[61,156571,86],{"class":79},[61,156573,83],{"class":75},[61,156575,95],{"class":79},[61,156577,120],{"class":75},[61,156579,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156581,127],{"class":126},[61,156583,113],{"class":75},[61,156585,1948],{"class":126},[61,156587,113],{"class":75},[61,156589,117],{"class":116},[61,156591,480],{"class":75},[14,156593,39875,156594,156596],{},[18,156595,1948],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156598,156599],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[52,156601,156603],{"className":54,"code":156602,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156604,156605,156614,156634],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156606,156607,156610,156612],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156608,156609],{"class":67},"length_value ",[61,156611,72],{"class":71},[61,156613,2828],{"class":79},[61,156615,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156617,68],{"class":67},[61,156619,72],{"class":71},[61,156621,942],{"class":75},[61,156623,80],{"class":79},[61,156625,83],{"class":75},[61,156627,86],{"class":79},[61,156629,83],{"class":75},[61,156631,95],{"class":79},[61,156633,120],{"class":75},[61,156635,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156637,127],{"class":126},[61,156639,113],{"class":75},[61,156641,1948],{"class":126},[61,156643,113],{"class":75},[61,156645,117],{"class":116},[61,156647,480],{"class":75},[14,156649,156650],{},[23,156651,139],{},[52,156653,156654],{"className":54,"code":46840,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,156655,156656],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156657,156658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156659,46840],{"class":79},[47,156661,156663],{"id":156662},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156665,156666,156668],{},[18,156667,42584],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[819,156670,156672],{"id":156671},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[52,156674,156676],{"className":54,"code":156675,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156677,156678,156686,156690,156708],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156679,156680,156682,156684],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156681,1230],{"class":67},[61,156683,72],{"class":71},[61,156685,149342],{"class":75},[61,156687,156688],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156689,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,156691,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156693,7227],{"class":1490},[61,156695,38607],{"class":126},[61,156697,113],{"class":75},[61,156699,1267],{"class":116},[61,156701,3893],{"class":75},[61,156703,6636],{"class":71},[61,156705,4065],{"class":79},[61,156707,6621],{"class":75},[61,156709,156710,156712,156714,156716,156719,156721],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,156711,8299],{"class":126},[61,156713,113],{"class":75},[61,156715,215],{"class":214},[61,156717,156718],{"class":218},"The tuple is empty",[61,156720,215],{"class":214},[61,156722,120],{"class":75},[14,156724,156725],{},[23,156726,139],{},[52,156728,156730],{"className":54,"code":156729,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156731,156732],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156733,156734,156736,156738,156740],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156735,2233],{"class":67},[61,156737,386],{"class":109},[61,156739,8326],{"class":71},[61,156741,8332],{"class":67},[819,156743,156745],{"id":156744},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[52,156747,156749],{"className":54,"code":156748,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156750,156751,156767,156771,156789],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156754,51608],{"class":67},[61,156756,72],{"class":71},[61,156758,942],{"class":75},[61,156760,498],{"class":79},[61,156762,83],{"class":75},[61,156764,6222],{"class":79},[61,156766,120],{"class":75},[61,156768,156769],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156770,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,156772,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156774,7227],{"class":1490},[61,156776,38607],{"class":126},[61,156778,113],{"class":75},[61,156780,51633],{"class":116},[61,156782,3893],{"class":75},[61,156784,6636],{"class":71},[61,156786,86],{"class":79},[61,156788,6621],{"class":75},[61,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797,156800,156802],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,156792,8299],{"class":126},[61,156794,113],{"class":75},[61,156796,215],{"class":214},[61,156798,156799],{"class":218},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[61,156801,215],{"class":214},[61,156803,120],{"class":75},[14,156805,156806],{},[23,156807,139],{},[52,156809,156811],{"className":54,"code":156810,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156812,156813],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156814,156815,156818,156820],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156816,156817],{"class":67},"This looks like an x",[61,156819,83],{"class":75},[61,156821,156822],{"class":67}," y coordinate\n",[819,156824,156826],{"id":156825},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[52,156828,156830],{"className":54,"code":156829,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156831,156832,156861,156865,156883],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156833,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156857,156859],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156835,11709],{"class":67},[61,156837,72],{"class":71},[61,156839,942],{"class":75},[61,156841,215],{"class":214},[61,156843,13104],{"class":218},[61,156845,215],{"class":214},[61,156847,83],{"class":75},[61,156849,9528],{"class":79},[61,156851,83],{"class":75},[61,156853,226],{"class":214},[61,156855,156856],{"class":218},"Canada",[61,156858,215],{"class":214},[61,156860,120],{"class":75},[61,156862,156863],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156864,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,156866,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156868,7227],{"class":1490},[61,156870,38607],{"class":126},[61,156872,113],{"class":75},[61,156874,11803],{"class":116},[61,156876,3893],{"class":75},[61,156878,6636],{"class":71},[61,156880,95],{"class":79},[61,156882,6621],{"class":75},[61,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156894,156896],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,156886,8299],{"class":126},[61,156888,113],{"class":75},[61,156890,215],{"class":214},[61,156892,156893],{"class":218},"User record has the expected number of values",[61,156895,215],{"class":214},[61,156897,120],{"class":75},[14,156899,156900],{},[23,156901,139],{},[52,156903,156905],{"className":54,"code":156904,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156906,156907],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156908,156909],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156910,156904],{"class":67},[819,156912,156914],{"id":156913},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[52,156916,156918],{"className":54,"code":156917,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156919,156920,156952,156956,156976],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,156921,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,156923,36312],{"class":67},[61,156925,72],{"class":71},[61,156927,942],{"class":75},[61,156929,215],{"class":214},[61,156931,334],{"class":218},[61,156933,215],{"class":214},[61,156935,83],{"class":75},[61,156937,226],{"class":214},[61,156939,765],{"class":218},[61,156941,215],{"class":214},[61,156943,83],{"class":75},[61,156945,226],{"class":214},[61,156947,9961],{"class":218},[61,156949,215],{"class":214},[61,156951,120],{"class":75},[61,156953,156954],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,156955,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,156957,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,156959,6186],{"class":1490},[61,156961,69765],{"class":67},[61,156963,1433],{"class":1490},[61,156965,54294],{"class":126},[61,156967,113],{"class":75},[61,156969,1948],{"class":126},[61,156971,113],{"class":75},[61,156973,36365],{"class":116},[61,156975,69780],{"class":75},[61,156977,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,156979,8299],{"class":126},[61,156981,113],{"class":75},[61,156983,36376],{"class":116},[61,156985,83],{"class":75},[61,156987,70313],{"class":116},[61,156989,4129],{"class":75},[61,156991,36376],{"class":116},[61,156993,1474],{"class":75},[14,156995,156996],{},[23,156997,139],{},[52,156999,157000],{"className":54,"code":36388,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,157001,157002,157008,157014],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157003,157004,157006],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157005,582],{"class":79},[61,157007,36397],{"class":67},[61,157009,157010,157012],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157011,80],{"class":79},[61,157013,36404],{"class":67},[61,157015,157016,157018],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157017,2310],{"class":79},[61,157019,36411],{"class":67},[14,157021,157022,157023,157025,157026,26],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[334,157024,149673],{"href":149672},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[334,157027,150917],{"href":150916},[47,157029,1741],{"id":1740},[14,157031,157032],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[34,157034,157035,157043,157050,157055],{},[37,157036,157037,157038,11313,157041],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,157039,157040],{},"(5)",[18,157042,149507],{},[37,157044,1750,157045,157047,157048],{},[18,157046,1948],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,157049,42584],{},[37,157051,1864,157052,157054],{},[18,157053,42584],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[37,157056,157057],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157059,32303],{},[52,157061,157063],{"className":54,"code":157062,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157064,157065,157075,157089,157103],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157066,157067,157069,157071,157073],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157068,127],{"class":126},[61,157070,113],{"class":75},[61,157072,148018],{"class":116},[61,157074,120],{"class":75},[61,157076,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157078,127],{"class":126},[61,157080,113],{"class":75},[61,157082,648],{"class":109},[61,157084,113],{"class":75},[61,157086,148018],{"class":116},[61,157088,480],{"class":75},[61,157090,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157092,127],{"class":126},[61,157094,113],{"class":75},[61,157096,1948],{"class":126},[61,157098,113],{"class":75},[61,157100,148018],{"class":116},[61,157102,480],{"class":75},[61,157104,157105,157107,157109,157111],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,157106,32373],{"class":126},[61,157108,113],{"class":75},[61,157110,1948],{"class":126},[61,157112,120],{"class":75},[14,157114,155227],{},[34,157116,157117,157120,157123,157127],{},[37,157118,157119],{},"what value you are using",[37,157121,157122],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[37,157124,26240,157125,11927],{},[18,157126,42584],{},[37,157128,123391,157129,157131],{},[18,157130,42584],{}," is documented in Python",[47,157133,1987],{"id":1986},[819,157135,157137],{"id":157136},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157139,165,157140,157143],{},[18,157141,157142],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[819,157145,12927,157147,149177],{"id":157146},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157148,42584],{},[14,157150,46589,157151,157153],{},[18,157152,42584],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[819,157155,157157],{"id":157156},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157159,157160,157161,26],{},"The length is ",[18,157162,582],{},[819,157164,157166],{"id":157165},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157168,150863,157169,157171],{},[18,157170,150866],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[819,157173,12927,157175,157177],{"id":157174},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157176,42584],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157179,157180],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[47,157182,2144],{"id":2143},[34,157184,157185,157191,157195,157199,157203],{},[37,157186,157187],{},[334,157188,3808,157189,3741],{"href":42581},[18,157190,42584],{},[37,157192,157193],{},[334,157194,156092],{"href":148003},[37,157196,157197],{},[334,157198,149673],{"href":149672},[37,157200,157201],{},[334,157202,150917],{"href":150916},[37,157204,157205],{},[334,157206,157207],{"href":149303},"What is a tuple in Python",[2169,157209,157210],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":157212},[157213,157214,157215,157222,157228,157237,157243,157244,157253],{"id":15383,"depth":101,"text":15384},{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":155580,"depth":101,"text":157216,"children":157217},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157218,157219,157220,157221],{"id":155592,"depth":123,"text":155593},{"id":155659,"depth":123,"text":155660},{"id":155704,"depth":123,"text":155705},{"id":155753,"depth":123,"text":155754},{"id":155842,"depth":101,"text":155843,"children":157223},[157224,157225,157226,157227],{"id":155846,"depth":123,"text":155847},{"id":155921,"depth":123,"text":155660},{"id":155963,"depth":123,"text":155964},{"id":156097,"depth":123,"text":156098},{"id":156181,"depth":101,"text":156182,"children":157229},[157230,157232,157234,157235],{"id":156185,"depth":123,"text":157231},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156323,"depth":123,"text":157233},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156399,"depth":123,"text":156400},{"id":156534,"depth":123,"text":157236},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156662,"depth":101,"text":156663,"children":157238},[157239,157240,157241,157242],{"id":156671,"depth":123,"text":156672},{"id":156744,"depth":123,"text":156745},{"id":156825,"depth":123,"text":156826},{"id":156913,"depth":123,"text":156914},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":157245},[157246,157247,157249,157250,157251],{"id":157136,"depth":123,"text":157137},{"id":157146,"depth":123,"text":157248},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157156,"depth":123,"text":157157},{"id":157165,"depth":123,"text":157166},{"id":157174,"depth":123,"text":157252},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155364,"description":157254},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157261,"title":157262,"body":157263,"description":159648,"extension":2216,"meta":159649,"navigation":271,"path":159650,"seo":159651,"stem":159652,"__hash__":159653},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157264,"toc":159609},[157265,157268,157271,157274,157297,157303,157305,157416,157420,157423,157433,157435,157534,157536,157613,157619,157623,157626,157649,157652,157669,157672,157674,157737,157739,157756,157767,157772,157774,157777,157783,157834,157836,157856,157860,157911,157913,157934,157938,157993,157995,158016,158020,158075,158077,158098,158102,158155,158157,158186,158188,158190,158193,158197,158254,158256,158277,158281,158334,158336,158361,158366,158370,158375,158393,158396,158459,158461,158482,158485,158546,158548,158569,158572,158615,158618,158622,158627,158631,158710,158712,158743,158747,158822,158824,158851,158855,158902,158904,158912,158917,158921,158924,158939,158941,159029,159031,159056,159059,159102,159111,159113,159116,159131,159134,159138,159192,159194,159214,159219,159223,159225,159263,159266,159316,159320,159393,159395,159432,159435,159437,159440,159460,159463,159532,159534,159547,159549,159553,159556,159560,159563,159568,159571,159577,159582,159584,159606],[10,157266,157262],{"id":157267},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157269,157270],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157272,157273],{},"Use this format:",[52,157275,157277],{"className":54,"code":157276,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157278,157279],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157280,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157282,386],{"class":67},[61,157284,4129],{"class":75},[61,157286,36294],{"class":67},[61,157288,378],{"class":75},[61,157290,75643],{"class":67},[61,157292,378],{"class":75},[61,157294,75646],{"class":67},[61,157296,98],{"class":75},[14,157298,2233,157299,75679,157301,26],{},[18,157300,75643],{},[23,157302,65287],{},[47,157304,50],{"id":49},[52,157306,157308],{"className":54,"code":157307,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157309,157310,157338,157342,157363,157380,157397],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157311,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157313,68],{"class":67},[61,157315,72],{"class":71},[61,157317,942],{"class":75},[61,157319,447],{"class":79},[61,157321,83],{"class":75},[61,157323,452],{"class":79},[61,157325,83],{"class":75},[61,157327,8025],{"class":79},[61,157329,83],{"class":75},[61,157331,51067],{"class":79},[61,157333,83],{"class":75},[61,157335,5309],{"class":79},[61,157337,120],{"class":75},[61,157339,157340],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157341,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157343,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157345,127],{"class":126},[61,157347,113],{"class":75},[61,157349,117],{"class":116},[61,157351,4129],{"class":75},[61,157353,80],{"class":79},[61,157355,378],{"class":75},[61,157357,498],{"class":79},[61,157359,20666],{"class":75},[61,157361,157362],{"class":3896},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[61,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,157366,127],{"class":126},[61,157368,113],{"class":75},[61,157370,117],{"class":116},[61,157372,75752],{"class":75},[61,157374,1321],{"class":79},[61,157376,20666],{"class":75},[61,157378,157379],{"class":3896},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[61,157381,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,157383,127],{"class":126},[61,157385,113],{"class":75},[61,157387,117],{"class":116},[61,157389,74339],{"class":75},[61,157391,2310],{"class":79},[61,157393,20666],{"class":75},[61,157395,157396],{"class":3896},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[61,157398,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,157400,127],{"class":126},[61,157402,113],{"class":75},[61,157404,117],{"class":116},[61,157406,74339],{"class":75},[61,157408,2275],{"class":71},[61,157410,80],{"class":79},[61,157412,20666],{"class":75},[61,157414,157415],{"class":3896},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[47,157417,157419],{"id":157418},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157421,157422],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[34,157424,157425,157427,157430],{},[37,157426,75946],{},[37,157428,157429],{},"The result is a new tuple",[37,157431,157432],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157434,197],{},[52,157436,157438],{"className":54,"code":157437,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157439,157440,157488,157492,157510,157514,157524],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157443,36312],{"class":67},[61,157445,72],{"class":71},[61,157447,942],{"class":75},[61,157449,215],{"class":214},[61,157451,334],{"class":218},[61,157453,215],{"class":214},[61,157455,83],{"class":75},[61,157457,226],{"class":214},[61,157459,765],{"class":218},[61,157461,215],{"class":214},[61,157463,83],{"class":75},[61,157465,226],{"class":214},[61,157467,9961],{"class":218},[61,157469,215],{"class":214},[61,157471,83],{"class":75},[61,157473,226],{"class":214},[61,157475,18987],{"class":218},[61,157477,215],{"class":214},[61,157479,83],{"class":75},[61,157481,226],{"class":214},[61,157483,553],{"class":218},[61,157485,215],{"class":214},[61,157487,120],{"class":75},[61,157489,157490],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157491,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157493,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157495,75876],{"class":67},[61,157497,72],{"class":71},[61,157499,70313],{"class":67},[61,157501,4129],{"class":75},[61,157503,80],{"class":79},[61,157505,378],{"class":75},[61,157507,498],{"class":79},[61,157509,98],{"class":75},[61,157511,157512],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,157513,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157515,157516,157518,157520,157522],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,157517,127],{"class":126},[61,157519,113],{"class":75},[61,157521,75899],{"class":116},[61,157523,120],{"class":75},[61,157525,157526,157528,157530,157532],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,157527,127],{"class":126},[61,157529,113],{"class":75},[61,157531,36365],{"class":116},[61,157533,120],{"class":75},[14,157535,139],{},[52,157537,157539],{"className":54,"code":157538,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157540,157541,157569],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157542,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157544,113],{"class":75},[61,157546,299],{"class":214},[61,157548,765],{"class":218},[61,157550,299],{"class":214},[61,157552,83],{"class":75},[61,157554,308],{"class":214},[61,157556,9961],{"class":218},[61,157558,299],{"class":214},[61,157560,83],{"class":75},[61,157562,308],{"class":214},[61,157564,18987],{"class":218},[61,157566,299],{"class":214},[61,157568,120],{"class":75},[61,157570,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157572,113],{"class":75},[61,157574,299],{"class":214},[61,157576,334],{"class":218},[61,157578,299],{"class":214},[61,157580,83],{"class":75},[61,157582,308],{"class":214},[61,157584,765],{"class":218},[61,157586,299],{"class":214},[61,157588,83],{"class":75},[61,157590,308],{"class":214},[61,157592,9961],{"class":218},[61,157594,299],{"class":214},[61,157596,83],{"class":75},[61,157598,308],{"class":214},[61,157600,18987],{"class":218},[61,157602,299],{"class":214},[61,157604,83],{"class":75},[61,157606,308],{"class":214},[61,157608,553],{"class":218},[61,157610,299],{"class":214},[61,157612,120],{"class":75},[14,157614,157615,157616,26],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[334,157617,148000],{"href":157618},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[47,157620,157622],{"id":157621},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157624,157625],{},"The full syntax is:",[52,157627,157629],{"className":54,"code":157628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157630,157631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157634,148018],{"class":67},[61,157636,4129],{"class":75},[61,157638,36294],{"class":67},[61,157640,378],{"class":75},[61,157642,75643],{"class":67},[61,157644,378],{"class":75},[61,157646,75646],{"class":67},[61,157648,98],{"class":75},[14,157650,157651],{},"Each part has a job:",[34,157653,157654,157659,157664],{},[37,157655,157656,157658],{},[18,157657,36294],{},": where slicing begins",[37,157660,157661,157663],{},[18,157662,75643],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[37,157665,157666,157668],{},[18,157667,75646],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157670,157671],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157673,197],{},[52,157675,157677],{"className":54,"code":157676,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157678,157679,157711,157715],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157680,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157682,68],{"class":67},[61,157684,72],{"class":71},[61,157686,942],{"class":75},[61,157688,447],{"class":79},[61,157690,83],{"class":75},[61,157692,452],{"class":79},[61,157694,83],{"class":75},[61,157696,8025],{"class":79},[61,157698,83],{"class":75},[61,157700,51067],{"class":79},[61,157702,83],{"class":75},[61,157704,5309],{"class":79},[61,157706,83],{"class":75},[61,157708,76316],{"class":79},[61,157710,120],{"class":75},[61,157712,157713],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157714,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157716,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157718,127],{"class":126},[61,157720,113],{"class":75},[61,157722,117],{"class":116},[61,157724,4129],{"class":75},[61,157726,80],{"class":79},[61,157728,378],{"class":75},[61,157730,945],{"class":79},[61,157732,378],{"class":75},[61,157734,2310],{"class":79},[61,157736,1474],{"class":75},[14,157738,139],{},[52,157740,157742],{"className":54,"code":157741,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157743,157744],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157745,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157747,113],{"class":75},[61,157749,15974],{"class":79},[61,157751,83],{"class":75},[61,157753,51067],{"class":79},[61,157755,120],{"class":75},[14,157757,157758,157759,157761,157762,157764,157765,26],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157760,80],{},", stops before index ",[18,157763,945],{},", and moves by ",[18,157766,2310],{},[14,157768,157769,157770,26],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[334,157771,149673],{"href":153099},[47,157773,76233],{"id":76232},[14,157775,157776],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[819,157778,157780,157781,6194],{"id":157779},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157782,1104],{},[52,157784,157786],{"className":54,"code":157785,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157787,157788,157816,157820],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157789,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157791,68],{"class":67},[61,157793,72],{"class":71},[61,157795,942],{"class":75},[61,157797,447],{"class":79},[61,157799,83],{"class":75},[61,157801,452],{"class":79},[61,157803,83],{"class":75},[61,157805,8025],{"class":79},[61,157807,83],{"class":75},[61,157809,51067],{"class":79},[61,157811,83],{"class":75},[61,157813,5309],{"class":79},[61,157815,120],{"class":75},[61,157817,157818],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157819,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157821,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157823,127],{"class":126},[61,157825,113],{"class":75},[61,157827,117],{"class":116},[61,157829,75752],{"class":75},[61,157831,1321],{"class":79},[61,157833,1474],{"class":75},[14,157835,139],{},[52,157837,157838],{"className":54,"code":151365,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,157839,157840],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157841,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157843,113],{"class":75},[61,157845,447],{"class":79},[61,157847,83],{"class":75},[61,157849,452],{"class":79},[61,157851,83],{"class":75},[61,157853,8025],{"class":79},[61,157855,120],{"class":75},[819,157857,157859],{"id":157858},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[52,157861,157863],{"className":54,"code":157862,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157864,157865,157893,157897],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157866,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157868,68],{"class":67},[61,157870,72],{"class":71},[61,157872,942],{"class":75},[61,157874,447],{"class":79},[61,157876,83],{"class":75},[61,157878,452],{"class":79},[61,157880,83],{"class":75},[61,157882,8025],{"class":79},[61,157884,83],{"class":75},[61,157886,51067],{"class":79},[61,157888,83],{"class":75},[61,157890,5309],{"class":79},[61,157892,120],{"class":75},[61,157894,157895],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157896,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157898,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157900,127],{"class":126},[61,157902,113],{"class":75},[61,157904,117],{"class":116},[61,157906,4129],{"class":75},[61,157908,2310],{"class":79},[61,157910,77931],{"class":75},[14,157912,139],{},[52,157914,157916],{"className":54,"code":157915,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157917,157918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157919,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157921,113],{"class":75},[61,157923,37063],{"class":79},[61,157925,83],{"class":75},[61,157927,51067],{"class":79},[61,157929,83],{"class":75},[61,157931,5309],{"class":79},[61,157933,120],{"class":75},[819,157935,157937],{"id":157936},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[52,157939,157941],{"className":54,"code":157940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157942,157943,157971,157975],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,157944,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,157946,68],{"class":67},[61,157948,72],{"class":71},[61,157950,942],{"class":75},[61,157952,447],{"class":79},[61,157954,83],{"class":75},[61,157956,452],{"class":79},[61,157958,83],{"class":75},[61,157960,8025],{"class":79},[61,157962,83],{"class":75},[61,157964,51067],{"class":79},[61,157966,83],{"class":75},[61,157968,5309],{"class":79},[61,157970,120],{"class":75},[61,157972,157973],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,157974,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,157976,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,157978,127],{"class":126},[61,157980,113],{"class":75},[61,157982,117],{"class":116},[61,157984,4129],{"class":75},[61,157986,80],{"class":79},[61,157988,378],{"class":75},[61,157990,498],{"class":79},[61,157992,1474],{"class":75},[14,157994,139],{},[52,157996,157998],{"className":54,"code":157997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157999,158000],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158001,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158003,113],{"class":75},[61,158005,15974],{"class":79},[61,158007,83],{"class":75},[61,158009,8025],{"class":79},[61,158011,83],{"class":75},[61,158013,51067],{"class":79},[61,158015,120],{"class":75},[819,158017,158019],{"id":158018},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[52,158021,158023],{"className":54,"code":158022,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,158024,158025,158057,158061],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158026,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158028,68],{"class":67},[61,158030,72],{"class":71},[61,158032,942],{"class":75},[61,158034,447],{"class":79},[61,158036,83],{"class":75},[61,158038,452],{"class":79},[61,158040,83],{"class":75},[61,158042,8025],{"class":79},[61,158044,83],{"class":75},[61,158046,51067],{"class":79},[61,158048,83],{"class":75},[61,158050,5309],{"class":79},[61,158052,83],{"class":75},[61,158054,76316],{"class":79},[61,158056,120],{"class":75},[61,158058,158059],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158060,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158062,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158064,127],{"class":126},[61,158066,113],{"class":75},[61,158068,117],{"class":116},[61,158070,74339],{"class":75},[61,158072,2310],{"class":79},[61,158074,1474],{"class":75},[14,158076,139],{},[52,158078,158080],{"className":54,"code":158079,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158081,158082],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158083,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158085,113],{"class":75},[61,158087,447],{"class":79},[61,158089,83],{"class":75},[61,158091,8025],{"class":79},[61,158093,83],{"class":75},[61,158095,5309],{"class":79},[61,158097,120],{"class":75},[819,158099,158101],{"id":158100},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[52,158103,158105],{"className":54,"code":158104,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158106,158107,158135,158139],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158108,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158110,68],{"class":67},[61,158112,72],{"class":71},[61,158114,942],{"class":75},[61,158116,447],{"class":79},[61,158118,83],{"class":75},[61,158120,452],{"class":79},[61,158122,83],{"class":75},[61,158124,8025],{"class":79},[61,158126,83],{"class":75},[61,158128,51067],{"class":79},[61,158130,83],{"class":75},[61,158132,5309],{"class":79},[61,158134,120],{"class":75},[61,158136,158137],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158138,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158140,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158142,127],{"class":126},[61,158144,113],{"class":75},[61,158146,117],{"class":116},[61,158148,74339],{"class":75},[61,158150,2275],{"class":71},[61,158152,80],{"class":79},[61,158154,1474],{"class":75},[14,158156,139],{},[52,158158,158160],{"className":54,"code":158159,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158161,158162],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158163,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158165,113],{"class":75},[61,158167,77010],{"class":79},[61,158169,83],{"class":75},[61,158171,51067],{"class":79},[61,158173,83],{"class":75},[61,158175,8025],{"class":79},[61,158177,83],{"class":75},[61,158179,452],{"class":79},[61,158181,83],{"class":75},[61,158183,457],{"class":79},[61,158185,120],{"class":75},[47,158187,76526],{"id":76525},[14,158189,154372],{},[14,158191,158192],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[819,158194,158196],{"id":158195},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[52,158198,158200],{"className":54,"code":158199,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158201,158202,158234,158238],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158203,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158205,68],{"class":67},[61,158207,72],{"class":71},[61,158209,942],{"class":75},[61,158211,447],{"class":79},[61,158213,83],{"class":75},[61,158215,452],{"class":79},[61,158217,83],{"class":75},[61,158219,8025],{"class":79},[61,158221,83],{"class":75},[61,158223,51067],{"class":79},[61,158225,83],{"class":75},[61,158227,5309],{"class":79},[61,158229,83],{"class":75},[61,158231,76316],{"class":79},[61,158233,120],{"class":75},[61,158235,158236],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158237,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158239,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158241,127],{"class":126},[61,158243,113],{"class":75},[61,158245,117],{"class":116},[61,158247,4129],{"class":75},[61,158249,2275],{"class":71},[61,158251,1321],{"class":79},[61,158253,77931],{"class":75},[14,158255,139],{},[52,158257,158259],{"className":54,"code":158258,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158260,158261],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158262,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158264,113],{"class":75},[61,158266,56917],{"class":79},[61,158268,83],{"class":75},[61,158270,5309],{"class":79},[61,158272,83],{"class":75},[61,158274,76316],{"class":79},[61,158276,120],{"class":75},[819,158278,158280],{"id":158279},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[52,158282,158284],{"className":54,"code":158283,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158285,158286,158314,158318],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158287,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158289,68],{"class":67},[61,158291,72],{"class":71},[61,158293,942],{"class":75},[61,158295,447],{"class":79},[61,158297,83],{"class":75},[61,158299,452],{"class":79},[61,158301,83],{"class":75},[61,158303,8025],{"class":79},[61,158305,83],{"class":75},[61,158307,51067],{"class":79},[61,158309,83],{"class":75},[61,158311,5309],{"class":79},[61,158313,120],{"class":75},[61,158315,158316],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158317,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158319,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158321,127],{"class":126},[61,158323,113],{"class":75},[61,158325,117],{"class":116},[61,158327,75752],{"class":75},[61,158329,2275],{"class":71},[61,158331,80],{"class":79},[61,158333,1474],{"class":75},[14,158335,139],{},[52,158337,158339],{"className":54,"code":158338,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158340,158341],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158342,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158344,113],{"class":75},[61,158346,447],{"class":79},[61,158348,83],{"class":75},[61,158350,452],{"class":79},[61,158352,83],{"class":75},[61,158354,8025],{"class":79},[61,158356,83],{"class":75},[61,158358,51067],{"class":79},[61,158360,120],{"class":75},[14,158362,158363,158364,26],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[334,158365,150922],{"href":157256},[47,158367,158369],{"id":158368},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158371,2233,158372,158374],{},[18,158373,75646],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[34,158376,158377,158379,158381,158387],{},[37,158378,76782],{},[37,158380,76785],{},[37,158382,158383,158386],{},[18,158384,158385],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[37,158388,158389,158390,158392],{},"A step of ",[18,158391,582],{}," is not allowed",[14,158394,158395],{},"Example with a positive step:",[52,158397,158399],{"className":54,"code":158398,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158400,158401,158433,158437],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158404,68],{"class":67},[61,158406,72],{"class":71},[61,158408,942],{"class":75},[61,158410,447],{"class":79},[61,158412,83],{"class":75},[61,158414,452],{"class":79},[61,158416,83],{"class":75},[61,158418,8025],{"class":79},[61,158420,83],{"class":75},[61,158422,51067],{"class":79},[61,158424,83],{"class":75},[61,158426,5309],{"class":79},[61,158428,83],{"class":75},[61,158430,76316],{"class":79},[61,158432,120],{"class":75},[61,158434,158435],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158436,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158440,127],{"class":126},[61,158442,113],{"class":75},[61,158444,117],{"class":116},[61,158446,4129],{"class":75},[61,158448,80],{"class":79},[61,158450,378],{"class":75},[61,158452,80809],{"class":79},[61,158454,378],{"class":75},[61,158456,2310],{"class":79},[61,158458,1474],{"class":75},[14,158460,139],{},[52,158462,158464],{"className":54,"code":158463,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158465,158466],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158467,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158469,113],{"class":75},[61,158471,15974],{"class":79},[61,158473,83],{"class":75},[61,158475,51067],{"class":79},[61,158477,83],{"class":75},[61,158479,76316],{"class":79},[61,158481,120],{"class":75},[14,158483,158484],{},"Example with a negative step:",[52,158486,158488],{"className":54,"code":158487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158489,158490,158518,158522],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158491,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158493,68],{"class":67},[61,158495,72],{"class":71},[61,158497,942],{"class":75},[61,158499,447],{"class":79},[61,158501,83],{"class":75},[61,158503,452],{"class":79},[61,158505,83],{"class":75},[61,158507,8025],{"class":79},[61,158509,83],{"class":75},[61,158511,51067],{"class":79},[61,158513,83],{"class":75},[61,158515,5309],{"class":79},[61,158517,120],{"class":75},[61,158519,158520],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158521,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158523,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158525,127],{"class":126},[61,158527,113],{"class":75},[61,158529,117],{"class":116},[61,158531,4129],{"class":75},[61,158533,498],{"class":79},[61,158535,378],{"class":75},[61,158537,80],{"class":79},[61,158539,378],{"class":75},[61,158541,2275],{"class":71},[61,158543,80],{"class":79},[61,158545,1474],{"class":75},[14,158547,139],{},[52,158549,158551],{"className":54,"code":158550,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158552,158553],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158554,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158556,113],{"class":75},[61,158558,77010],{"class":79},[61,158560,83],{"class":75},[61,158562,51067],{"class":79},[61,158564,83],{"class":75},[61,158566,8025],{"class":79},[61,158568,120],{"class":75},[14,158570,158571],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[52,158573,158575],{"className":54,"code":158574,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158576,158577,158597,158601],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158578,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158580,68],{"class":67},[61,158582,72],{"class":71},[61,158584,942],{"class":75},[61,158586,447],{"class":79},[61,158588,83],{"class":75},[61,158590,452],{"class":79},[61,158592,83],{"class":75},[61,158594,8025],{"class":79},[61,158596,120],{"class":75},[61,158598,158599],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158600,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158604,127],{"class":126},[61,158606,113],{"class":75},[61,158608,117],{"class":116},[61,158610,74339],{"class":75},[61,158612,582],{"class":79},[61,158614,1474],{"class":75},[14,158616,158617],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[47,158619,158621],{"id":158620},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158623,158624,158625,33963],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[23,158626,386],{},[819,158628,158630],{"id":158629},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[52,158632,158634],{"className":54,"code":158633,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158635,158636,158660,158664,158682,158686,158696],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158637,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158639,68],{"class":67},[61,158641,72],{"class":71},[61,158643,942],{"class":75},[61,158645,447],{"class":79},[61,158647,83],{"class":75},[61,158649,452],{"class":79},[61,158651,83],{"class":75},[61,158653,8025],{"class":79},[61,158655,83],{"class":75},[61,158657,51067],{"class":79},[61,158659,120],{"class":75},[61,158661,158662],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158663,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158665,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158667,869],{"class":67},[61,158669,72],{"class":71},[61,158671,4490],{"class":67},[61,158673,4129],{"class":75},[61,158675,80],{"class":79},[61,158677,378],{"class":75},[61,158679,1321],{"class":79},[61,158681,98],{"class":75},[61,158683,158684],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,158685,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158687,158688,158690,158692,158694],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,158689,127],{"class":126},[61,158691,113],{"class":75},[61,158693,892],{"class":116},[61,158695,120],{"class":75},[61,158697,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,158699,127],{"class":126},[61,158701,113],{"class":75},[61,158703,648],{"class":109},[61,158705,113],{"class":75},[61,158707,892],{"class":116},[61,158709,480],{"class":75},[14,158711,139],{},[52,158713,158715],{"className":54,"code":158714,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158716,158717,158729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158720,113],{"class":75},[61,158722,15974],{"class":79},[61,158724,83],{"class":75},[61,158726,8025],{"class":79},[61,158728,120],{"class":75},[61,158730,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158732,672],{"class":71},[61,158734,676],{"class":675},[61,158736,308],{"class":214},[61,158738,386],{"class":218},[61,158740,299],{"class":214},[61,158742,685],{"class":71},[819,158744,158746],{"id":158745},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[52,158748,158750],{"className":54,"code":158749,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158751,158752,158772,158776,158794,158798,158808],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158753,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158755,68],{"class":67},[61,158757,72],{"class":71},[61,158759,942],{"class":75},[61,158761,447],{"class":79},[61,158763,83],{"class":75},[61,158765,452],{"class":79},[61,158767,83],{"class":75},[61,158769,8025],{"class":79},[61,158771,120],{"class":75},[61,158773,158774],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158775,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158779,869],{"class":67},[61,158781,72],{"class":71},[61,158783,4490],{"class":67},[61,158785,4129],{"class":75},[61,158787,80],{"class":79},[61,158789,378],{"class":75},[61,158791,2310],{"class":79},[61,158793,98],{"class":75},[61,158795,158796],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,158797,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158799,158800,158802,158804,158806],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,158801,127],{"class":126},[61,158803,113],{"class":75},[61,158805,892],{"class":116},[61,158807,120],{"class":75},[61,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,158811,127],{"class":126},[61,158813,113],{"class":75},[61,158815,648],{"class":109},[61,158817,113],{"class":75},[61,158819,892],{"class":116},[61,158821,480],{"class":75},[14,158823,139],{},[52,158825,158827],{"className":54,"code":158826,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158828,158829,158837],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158830,158831,158833,158835],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158832,113],{"class":75},[61,158834,15974],{"class":79},[61,158836,149356],{"class":75},[61,158838,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158840,672],{"class":71},[61,158842,676],{"class":675},[61,158844,308],{"class":214},[61,158846,386],{"class":218},[61,158848,299],{"class":214},[61,158850,685],{"class":71},[819,158852,158854],{"id":158853},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[52,158856,158858],{"className":54,"code":158857,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158859,158860,158880,158884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158861,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158863,68],{"class":67},[61,158865,72],{"class":71},[61,158867,942],{"class":75},[61,158869,447],{"class":79},[61,158871,83],{"class":75},[61,158873,452],{"class":79},[61,158875,83],{"class":75},[61,158877,8025],{"class":79},[61,158879,120],{"class":75},[61,158881,158882],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158883,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158885,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158887,127],{"class":126},[61,158889,113],{"class":75},[61,158891,117],{"class":116},[61,158893,4129],{"class":75},[61,158895,945],{"class":79},[61,158897,378],{"class":75},[61,158899,2590],{"class":79},[61,158901,1474],{"class":75},[14,158903,139],{},[52,158905,158906],{"className":54,"code":628,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,158907,158908],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158909,158910],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158911,628],{"class":75},[14,158913,158914,158915,26],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[334,158916,156092],{"href":150979},[47,158918,158920],{"id":158919},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158922,158923],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[34,158925,158926,158928,158931,158936],{},[37,158927,77090],{},[37,158929,158930],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[37,158932,158933,158934],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158935,70948],{},[37,158937,158938],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158940,197],{},[52,158942,158944],{"className":54,"code":158943,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158945,158946,158966,158970,158987,159008],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,158949,68],{"class":67},[61,158951,72],{"class":71},[61,158953,942],{"class":75},[61,158955,447],{"class":79},[61,158957,83],{"class":75},[61,158959,452],{"class":79},[61,158961,83],{"class":75},[61,158963,8025],{"class":79},[61,158965,120],{"class":75},[61,158967,158968],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,158969,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,158971,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,158973,127],{"class":126},[61,158975,113],{"class":75},[61,158977,117],{"class":116},[61,158979,4129],{"class":75},[61,158981,80],{"class":79},[61,158983,20666],{"class":75},[61,158985,158986],{"class":3896},"    # one item\n",[61,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,158990,127],{"class":126},[61,158992,113],{"class":75},[61,158994,117],{"class":116},[61,158996,4129],{"class":75},[61,158998,80],{"class":79},[61,159000,378],{"class":75},[61,159002,945],{"class":79},[61,159004,20666],{"class":75},[61,159006,159007],{"class":3896},"  # slice\n",[61,159009,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,159011,127],{"class":126},[61,159013,113],{"class":75},[61,159015,117],{"class":116},[61,159017,4129],{"class":75},[61,159019,945],{"class":79},[61,159021,378],{"class":75},[61,159023,2590],{"class":79},[61,159025,20666],{"class":75},[61,159027,159028],{"class":3896},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159030,139],{},[52,159032,159034],{"className":54,"code":159033,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,159035,159036,159040,159052],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159037,159038],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159039,71441],{"class":79},[61,159041,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159043,113],{"class":75},[61,159045,15974],{"class":79},[61,159047,83],{"class":75},[61,159049,8025],{"class":79},[61,159051,120],{"class":75},[61,159053,159054],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159055,628],{"class":75},[14,159057,159058],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[52,159060,159062],{"className":54,"code":159061,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,159063,159064,159084,159088],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159065,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159067,68],{"class":67},[61,159069,72],{"class":71},[61,159071,942],{"class":75},[61,159073,447],{"class":79},[61,159075,83],{"class":75},[61,159077,452],{"class":79},[61,159079,83],{"class":75},[61,159081,8025],{"class":79},[61,159083,120],{"class":75},[61,159085,159086],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159087,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159089,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159091,127],{"class":126},[61,159093,113],{"class":75},[61,159095,117],{"class":116},[61,159097,4129],{"class":75},[61,159099,945],{"class":79},[61,159101,1474],{"class":75},[14,159103,159104,159105,159107,159108,26],{},"This raises an ",[18,159106,70948],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[334,159109,154845],{"href":159110},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[47,159112,15398],{"id":77357},[14,159114,159115],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[34,159117,159118,159121,159123,159126],{},[37,159119,159120],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[37,159122,60913],{},[37,159124,159125],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[37,159127,159128,159129],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159130,582],{},[14,159132,159133],{},"Here are a few examples.",[819,159135,159137],{"id":159136},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[52,159139,159140],{"className":54,"code":157940,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159141,159142,159170,159174],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159143,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159145,68],{"class":67},[61,159147,72],{"class":71},[61,159149,942],{"class":75},[61,159151,447],{"class":79},[61,159153,83],{"class":75},[61,159155,452],{"class":79},[61,159157,83],{"class":75},[61,159159,8025],{"class":79},[61,159161,83],{"class":75},[61,159163,51067],{"class":79},[61,159165,83],{"class":75},[61,159167,5309],{"class":79},[61,159169,120],{"class":75},[61,159171,159172],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159173,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159175,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159177,127],{"class":126},[61,159179,113],{"class":75},[61,159181,117],{"class":116},[61,159183,4129],{"class":75},[61,159185,80],{"class":79},[61,159187,378],{"class":75},[61,159189,498],{"class":79},[61,159191,1474],{"class":75},[14,159193,139],{},[52,159195,159196],{"className":54,"code":157997,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159197,159198],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159199,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159201,113],{"class":75},[61,159203,15974],{"class":79},[61,159205,83],{"class":75},[61,159207,8025],{"class":79},[61,159209,83],{"class":75},[61,159211,51067],{"class":79},[61,159213,120],{"class":75},[14,159215,132424,159216,159218],{},[18,159217,498],{}," is not included.",[819,159220,159222],{"id":159221},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159224,4754],{},[52,159226,159228],{"className":54,"code":159227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159229,159230,159254,159258],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159231,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159233,68],{"class":67},[61,159235,72],{"class":71},[61,159237,942],{"class":75},[61,159239,447],{"class":79},[61,159241,83],{"class":75},[61,159243,452],{"class":79},[61,159245,83],{"class":75},[61,159247,8025],{"class":79},[61,159249,83],{"class":75},[61,159251,51067],{"class":79},[61,159253,120],{"class":75},[61,159255,159256],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159257,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159259,159260],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159261,159262],{"class":3896},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159264,159265],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[52,159267,159268],{"className":54,"code":154925,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159269,159270,159294,159298],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159271,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159273,68],{"class":67},[61,159275,72],{"class":71},[61,159277,942],{"class":75},[61,159279,447],{"class":79},[61,159281,83],{"class":75},[61,159283,452],{"class":79},[61,159285,83],{"class":75},[61,159287,8025],{"class":79},[61,159289,83],{"class":75},[61,159291,51067],{"class":79},[61,159293,120],{"class":75},[61,159295,159296],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159297,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159299,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159301,127],{"class":126},[61,159303,113],{"class":75},[61,159305,117],{"class":116},[61,159307,4129],{"class":75},[61,159309,80],{"class":79},[61,159311,378],{"class":75},[61,159313,1321],{"class":79},[61,159315,1474],{"class":75},[819,159317,159319],{"id":159318},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[52,159321,159323],{"className":54,"code":159322,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159324,159325,159349,159353,159368,159372,159383],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159328,68],{"class":67},[61,159330,72],{"class":71},[61,159332,942],{"class":75},[61,159334,447],{"class":79},[61,159336,83],{"class":75},[61,159338,452],{"class":79},[61,159340,83],{"class":75},[61,159342,8025],{"class":79},[61,159344,83],{"class":75},[61,159346,51067],{"class":79},[61,159348,120],{"class":75},[61,159350,159351],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159352,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159354,159355,159358,159360,159362,159364,159366],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159356,159357],{"class":67},"slice_result ",[61,159359,72],{"class":71},[61,159361,4490],{"class":67},[61,159363,75752],{"class":75},[61,159365,2310],{"class":79},[61,159367,98],{"class":75},[61,159369,159370],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,159371,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159373,159374,159376,159378,159381],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,159375,127],{"class":126},[61,159377,113],{"class":75},[61,159379,159380],{"class":116},"slice_result",[61,159382,120],{"class":75},[61,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,159386,127],{"class":126},[61,159388,113],{"class":75},[61,159390,117],{"class":116},[61,159392,120],{"class":75},[14,159394,139],{},[52,159396,159398],{"className":54,"code":159397,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159399,159400,159412],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159401,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159403,113],{"class":75},[61,159405,447],{"class":79},[61,159407,83],{"class":75},[61,159409,452],{"class":79},[61,159411,120],{"class":75},[61,159413,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159415,113],{"class":75},[61,159417,447],{"class":79},[61,159419,83],{"class":75},[61,159421,452],{"class":79},[61,159423,83],{"class":75},[61,159425,8025],{"class":79},[61,159427,83],{"class":75},[61,159429,51067],{"class":79},[61,159431,120],{"class":75},[14,159433,159434],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[47,159436,113738],{"id":113737},[14,159438,159439],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[34,159441,159442,159445,159448,159454,159457],{},[37,159443,159444],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[37,159446,159447],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[37,159449,159450,159451],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159452,159453],{},"tuple[::0]",[37,159455,159456],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[37,159458,159459],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159461,159462],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[52,159464,159466],{"className":54,"code":159465,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159467,159468,159478,159496,159518],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159469,159470,159472,159474,159476],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159471,127],{"class":126},[61,159473,113],{"class":75},[61,159475,148018],{"class":116},[61,159477,120],{"class":75},[61,159479,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159481,127],{"class":126},[61,159483,113],{"class":75},[61,159485,148018],{"class":116},[61,159487,4129],{"class":75},[61,159489,80],{"class":79},[61,159491,378],{"class":75},[61,159493,498],{"class":79},[61,159495,1474],{"class":75},[61,159497,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159499,127],{"class":126},[61,159501,113],{"class":75},[61,159503,648],{"class":109},[61,159505,113],{"class":75},[61,159507,148018],{"class":116},[61,159509,4129],{"class":75},[61,159511,80],{"class":79},[61,159513,378],{"class":75},[61,159515,498],{"class":79},[61,159517,433],{"class":75},[61,159519,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,159521,127],{"class":126},[61,159523,113],{"class":75},[61,159525,1948],{"class":126},[61,159527,113],{"class":75},[61,159529,148018],{"class":116},[61,159531,480],{"class":75},[14,159533,11390],{},[34,159535,159536,159538,159541,159544],{},[37,159537,155232],{},[37,159539,159540],{},"what the slice actually returns",[37,159542,159543],{},"that the result is a tuple",[37,159545,159546],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[47,159548,1987],{"id":1986},[819,159550,159552],{"id":159551},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159554,159555],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[819,159557,159559],{"id":159558},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159561,159562],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[819,159564,5371,159566,40182],{"id":159565},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159567,158385],{},[14,159569,159570],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[819,159572,159574,159575,2735],{"id":159573},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159576,70948],{},[14,159578,159579,159580,26],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159581,70948],{},[47,159583,2144],{"id":2143},[34,159585,159586,159590,159594,159598,159602],{},[37,159587,159588],{},[334,159589,156092],{"href":150979},[37,159591,159592],{},[334,159593,149673],{"href":153099},[37,159595,159596],{},[334,159597,150922],{"href":157256},[37,159599,159600],{},[334,159601,148000],{"href":157618},[37,159603,159604],{},[334,159605,154845],{"href":159110},[2169,159607,159608],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":159610},[159611,159612,159613,159614,159622,159626,159627,159632,159633,159638,159639,159647],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":157418,"depth":101,"text":157419},{"id":157621,"depth":101,"text":157622},{"id":76232,"depth":101,"text":76233,"children":159615},[159616,159618,159619,159620,159621],{"id":157779,"depth":123,"text":159617},"Get the first n items",{"id":157858,"depth":123,"text":157859},{"id":157936,"depth":123,"text":157937},{"id":158018,"depth":123,"text":158019},{"id":158100,"depth":123,"text":158101},{"id":76525,"depth":101,"text":76526,"children":159623},[159624,159625],{"id":158195,"depth":123,"text":158196},{"id":158279,"depth":123,"text":158280},{"id":158368,"depth":101,"text":158369},{"id":158620,"depth":101,"text":158621,"children":159628},[159629,159630,159631],{"id":158629,"depth":123,"text":158630},{"id":158745,"depth":123,"text":158746},{"id":158853,"depth":123,"text":158854},{"id":158919,"depth":101,"text":158920},{"id":77357,"depth":101,"text":15398,"children":159634},[159635,159636,159637],{"id":159136,"depth":123,"text":159137},{"id":159221,"depth":123,"text":159222},{"id":159318,"depth":123,"text":159319},{"id":113737,"depth":101,"text":113738},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":159640},[159641,159642,159643,159645],{"id":159551,"depth":123,"text":159552},{"id":159558,"depth":123,"text":159559},{"id":159565,"depth":123,"text":159644},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159573,"depth":123,"text":159646},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157262,"description":159648},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159655,"title":159656,"body":159657,"description":161480,"extension":2216,"meta":161481,"navigation":271,"path":35029,"seo":161482,"stem":161483,"__hash__":161484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159658,"toc":161446},[159659,159664,159669,159673,159691,159694,159709,159715,159717,159774,159776,159808,159820,159826,159831,159834,159869,159875,159877,159880,159894,159897,159899,159922,159924,159942,159945,159961,159963,159966,160079,160081,160170,160173,160178,160184,160187,160190,160289,160291,160350,160355,160358,160427,160431,160463,160479,160484,160491,160498,160510,160512,160561,160563,160586,160592,160640,160645,160652,160660,160666,160669,160693,160696,160698,160774,160776,160801,160807,160810,160815,160819,160833,160835,160898,160900,160932,160935,160951,160953,160959,160966,160968,160987,160989,161007,161014,161019,161026,161028,161065,161068,161075,161079,161082,161140,161143,161146,161201,161203,161215,161221,161223,161227,161260,161267,161269,161332,161335,161337,161342,161356,161363,161371,161380,161389,161395,161401,161403,161443],[10,159660,3808,159662,3812],{"id":159661},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159663,2547],{},[14,159665,32538,159666,159668],{},[18,159667,2547],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159670,62985,159671,32],{},[18,159672,2547],{},[34,159674,159675,159678,159681,159684],{},[37,159676,159677],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[37,159679,159680],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[37,159682,159683],{},"debug confusing code",[37,159685,159686,159687],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[334,159688,159689],{"href":8449},[18,159690,3197],{},[14,159692,159693],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[52,159695,159697],{"className":54,"code":159696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(object)\n",[18,159698,159699],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159702,648],{"class":109},[61,159704,113],{"class":75},[61,159706,42622],{"class":109},[61,159708,120],{"class":75},[14,159710,159711,159712,159714],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159713,2547],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[47,159716,3842],{"id":3841},[52,159718,159720],{"className":54,"code":159719,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159721,159722,159734,159748,159752,159760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159723,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159725,8106],{"class":67},[61,159727,72],{"class":71},[61,159729,226],{"class":214},[61,159731,5232],{"class":218},[61,159733,1043],{"class":214},[61,159735,159736,159738,159740,159742,159744,159746],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159737,127],{"class":126},[61,159739,113],{"class":75},[61,159741,648],{"class":109},[61,159743,113],{"class":75},[61,159745,7899],{"class":116},[61,159747,480],{"class":75},[61,159749,159750],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,159751,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,159753,159754,159756,159758],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,159755,2464],{"class":67},[61,159757,72],{"class":71},[61,159759,2828],{"class":79},[61,159761,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770,159772],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,159763,127],{"class":126},[61,159765,113],{"class":75},[61,159767,648],{"class":109},[61,159769,113],{"class":75},[61,159771,2486],{"class":116},[61,159773,480],{"class":75},[14,159775,139],{},[52,159777,159778],{"className":54,"code":125085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159779,159780,159794],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159781,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159783,672],{"class":71},[61,159785,676],{"class":675},[61,159787,308],{"class":214},[61,159789,1208],{"class":218},[61,159791,299],{"class":214},[61,159793,685],{"class":71},[61,159795,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159797,672],{"class":71},[61,159799,676],{"class":675},[61,159801,308],{"class":214},[61,159803,1203],{"class":218},[61,159805,299],{"class":214},[61,159807,685],{"class":71},[14,159809,165,159810,159813,159814,4621,159817,26],{},[18,159811,159812],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159815,159816],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159818,159819],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[47,159821,13220,159823,159825],{"id":159822},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159824,2547],{}," function does",[14,159827,159828,159830],{},[18,159829,2547],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159832,159833],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[34,159835,159836,159841,159846,159851,159856,159861],{},[37,159837,159838,159840],{},[18,159839,1208],{}," for text",[37,159842,159843,159845],{},[18,159844,1203],{}," for whole numbers",[37,159847,159848,159850],{},[18,159849,1213],{}," for decimal numbers",[37,159852,159853,159855],{},[18,159854,383],{}," for lists",[37,159857,159858,159860],{},[18,159859,799],{}," for dictionaries",[37,159862,159863,69312,159865,4621,159867],{},[18,159864,4098],{},[18,159866,3837],{},[18,159868,3907],{},[14,159870,159871,159872,159874],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159873,2547],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[47,159876,341],{"id":340},[14,159878,159879],{},"The main beginner form is:",[52,159881,159882],{"className":54,"code":159696,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159883,159884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159885,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159887,648],{"class":109},[61,159889,113],{"class":75},[61,159891,42622],{"class":109},[61,159893,120],{"class":75},[14,159895,159896],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159898,197],{},[52,159900,159902],{"className":54,"code":159901,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159903,159904],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159905,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159907,127],{"class":126},[61,159909,113],{"class":75},[61,159911,648],{"class":109},[61,159913,113],{"class":75},[61,159915,215],{"class":214},[61,159917,475],{"class":218},[61,159919,215],{"class":214},[61,159921,480],{"class":75},[14,159923,139],{},[52,159925,159926],{"className":54,"code":45994,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,159927,159928],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159929,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159931,672],{"class":71},[61,159933,676],{"class":675},[61,159935,308],{"class":214},[61,159937,1208],{"class":218},[61,159939,299],{"class":214},[61,159941,685],{"class":71},[14,159943,159944],{},"You can pass either:",[34,159946,159947,159954],{},[37,159948,159949,159950,1881,159952],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159951,64753],{},[18,159953,46750],{},[37,159955,159956,159957,1881,159959],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159958,7899],{},[18,159960,9521],{},[47,159962,121897],{"id":121896},[14,159964,159965],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[52,159967,159969],{"className":54,"code":159968,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159970,159971,159989,160003,160017,160039,160065],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,159972,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,159974,127],{"class":126},[61,159976,113],{"class":75},[61,159978,648],{"class":109},[61,159980,113],{"class":75},[61,159982,215],{"class":214},[61,159984,475],{"class":218},[61,159986,215],{"class":214},[61,159988,480],{"class":75},[61,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,159992,127],{"class":126},[61,159994,113],{"class":75},[61,159996,648],{"class":109},[61,159998,113],{"class":75},[61,160000,447],{"class":79},[61,160002,480],{"class":75},[61,160004,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160006,127],{"class":126},[61,160008,113],{"class":75},[61,160010,648],{"class":109},[61,160012,113],{"class":75},[61,160014,40365],{"class":79},[61,160016,480],{"class":75},[61,160018,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160020,127],{"class":126},[61,160022,113],{"class":75},[61,160024,648],{"class":109},[61,160026,416],{"class":75},[61,160028,80],{"class":79},[61,160030,83],{"class":75},[61,160032,86],{"class":79},[61,160034,83],{"class":75},[61,160036,95],{"class":79},[61,160038,433],{"class":75},[61,160040,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,160042,127],{"class":126},[61,160044,113],{"class":75},[61,160046,648],{"class":109},[61,160048,5757],{"class":75},[61,160050,215],{"class":214},[61,160052,7899],{"class":218},[61,160054,215],{"class":214},[61,160056,378],{"class":75},[61,160058,226],{"class":214},[61,160060,5232],{"class":218},[61,160062,215],{"class":214},[61,160064,5766],{"class":75},[61,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,160068,127],{"class":126},[61,160070,113],{"class":75},[61,160072,648],{"class":109},[61,160074,113],{"class":75},[61,160076,3837],{"class":1523},[61,160078,480],{"class":75},[14,160080,139],{},[52,160082,160084],{"className":54,"code":160083,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160085,160086,160100,160114,160128,160142,160156],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160087,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096,160098],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160089,672],{"class":71},[61,160091,676],{"class":675},[61,160093,308],{"class":214},[61,160095,1208],{"class":218},[61,160097,299],{"class":214},[61,160099,685],{"class":71},[61,160101,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160103,672],{"class":71},[61,160105,676],{"class":675},[61,160107,308],{"class":214},[61,160109,1203],{"class":218},[61,160111,299],{"class":214},[61,160113,685],{"class":71},[61,160115,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160117,672],{"class":71},[61,160119,676],{"class":675},[61,160121,308],{"class":214},[61,160123,1213],{"class":218},[61,160125,299],{"class":214},[61,160127,685],{"class":71},[61,160129,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160131,672],{"class":71},[61,160133,676],{"class":675},[61,160135,308],{"class":214},[61,160137,383],{"class":218},[61,160139,299],{"class":214},[61,160141,685],{"class":71},[61,160143,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,160145,672],{"class":71},[61,160147,676],{"class":675},[61,160149,308],{"class":214},[61,160151,799],{"class":218},[61,160153,299],{"class":214},[61,160155,685],{"class":71},[61,160157,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,160159,672],{"class":71},[61,160161,676],{"class":675},[61,160163,308],{"class":214},[61,160165,4098],{"class":218},[61,160167,299],{"class":214},[61,160169,685],{"class":71},[14,160171,160172],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160174,160175,160176,26],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[334,160177,45021],{"href":49201},[47,160179,1750,160181,160183],{"id":160180},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160182,2547],{}," with variables",[14,160185,160186],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160188,160189],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[52,160191,160193],{"className":54,"code":160192,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160194,160195,160203,160221,160225,160237,160255,160259,160271],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160196,160197,160199,160201],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160198,1766],{"class":67},[61,160200,72],{"class":71},[61,160202,2828],{"class":79},[61,160204,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160206,127],{"class":126},[61,160208,113],{"class":75},[61,160210,1783],{"class":116},[61,160212,83],{"class":75},[61,160214,49613],{"class":109},[61,160216,113],{"class":75},[61,160218,1783],{"class":116},[61,160220,480],{"class":75},[61,160222,160223],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160224,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160226,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160228,1766],{"class":67},[61,160230,72],{"class":71},[61,160232,226],{"class":214},[61,160234,46131],{"class":218},[61,160236,1043],{"class":214},[61,160238,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,160240,127],{"class":126},[61,160242,113],{"class":75},[61,160244,1783],{"class":116},[61,160246,83],{"class":75},[61,160248,49613],{"class":109},[61,160250,113],{"class":75},[61,160252,1783],{"class":116},[61,160254,480],{"class":75},[61,160256,160257],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,160258,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160260,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,160262,1766],{"class":67},[61,160264,72],{"class":71},[61,160266,76],{"class":75},[61,160268,447],{"class":79},[61,160270,98],{"class":75},[61,160272,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287],{"class":63,"line":6654},[61,160274,127],{"class":126},[61,160276,113],{"class":75},[61,160278,1783],{"class":116},[61,160280,83],{"class":75},[61,160282,49613],{"class":109},[61,160284,113],{"class":75},[61,160286,1783],{"class":116},[61,160288,480],{"class":75},[14,160290,139],{},[52,160292,160294],{"className":54,"code":160293,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160295,160296,160313,160330],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160297,160298,160300,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160299,447],{"class":79},[61,160301,160302],{"class":71}," \u003C",[61,160304,676],{"class":675},[61,160306,308],{"class":214},[61,160308,1203],{"class":218},[61,160310,299],{"class":214},[61,160312,685],{"class":71},[61,160314,160315,160318,160320,160322,160324,160326,160328],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160316,160317],{"class":67},"ten ",[61,160319,672],{"class":71},[61,160321,676],{"class":675},[61,160323,308],{"class":214},[61,160325,1208],{"class":218},[61,160327,299],{"class":214},[61,160329,685],{"class":71},[61,160331,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160333,4129],{"class":75},[61,160335,447],{"class":79},[61,160337,13495],{"class":75},[61,160339,160302],{"class":71},[61,160341,676],{"class":675},[61,160343,308],{"class":214},[61,160345,383],{"class":218},[61,160347,299],{"class":214},[61,160349,685],{"class":71},[14,160351,160352,160354],{},[18,160353,2547],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160356,160357],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[52,160359,160361],{"className":54,"code":160360,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160362,160363,160381,160395,160399,160413],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160364,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377,160379],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160366,3623],{"class":67},[61,160368,72],{"class":71},[61,160370,8472],{"class":126},[61,160372,113],{"class":75},[61,160374,215],{"class":214},[61,160376,42094],{"class":218},[61,160378,215],{"class":214},[61,160380,120],{"class":75},[61,160382,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160384,127],{"class":126},[61,160386,113],{"class":75},[61,160388,648],{"class":109},[61,160390,113],{"class":75},[61,160392,3650],{"class":116},[61,160394,480],{"class":75},[61,160396,160397],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160398,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160400,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160402,123009],{"class":67},[61,160404,72],{"class":71},[61,160406,45500],{"class":109},[61,160408,113],{"class":75},[61,160410,3650],{"class":116},[61,160412,120],{"class":75},[61,160414,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,160416,127],{"class":126},[61,160418,113],{"class":75},[61,160420,648],{"class":109},[61,160422,113],{"class":75},[61,160424,123032],{"class":116},[61,160426,480],{"class":75},[14,160428,41343,160429,41347],{},[18,160430,9418],{},[52,160432,160433],{"className":54,"code":125085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160434,160435,160449],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160436,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160438,672],{"class":71},[61,160440,676],{"class":675},[61,160442,308],{"class":214},[61,160444,1208],{"class":218},[61,160446,299],{"class":214},[61,160448,685],{"class":71},[61,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160452,672],{"class":71},[61,160454,676],{"class":675},[61,160456,308],{"class":214},[61,160458,1203],{"class":218},[61,160460,299],{"class":214},[61,160462,685],{"class":71},[14,160464,45927,160465,160469,160470,1881,160474,160478],{},[334,160466,160467],{"href":8449},[18,160468,3197],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[334,160471,160472],{"href":3115},[18,160473,3118],{},[334,160475,160476],{"href":3121},[18,160477,3124],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160480,160481,160482,26],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[334,160483,9207],{"href":9206},[47,160485,160487,10806,160489],{"id":160486},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160488,2547],{},[18,160490,45029],{},[14,160492,160493,4621,160495,160497],{},[18,160494,2547],{},[18,160496,45029],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[34,160499,160500,160505],{},[37,160501,160502,160504],{},[18,160503,2547],{}," tells you the exact type",[37,160506,160507,160509],{},[18,160508,45029],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160511,197],{},[52,160513,160515],{"className":54,"code":160514,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160516,160517,160525,160529,160543],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160518,160519,160521,160523],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160520,1766],{"class":67},[61,160522,72],{"class":71},[61,160524,35063],{"class":79},[61,160526,160527],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160528,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160530,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160532,127],{"class":126},[61,160534,113],{"class":75},[61,160536,648],{"class":109},[61,160538,113],{"class":75},[61,160540,1783],{"class":116},[61,160542,480],{"class":75},[61,160544,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160546,127],{"class":126},[61,160548,113],{"class":75},[61,160550,49099],{"class":126},[61,160552,113],{"class":75},[61,160554,1783],{"class":116},[61,160556,83],{"class":75},[61,160558,45500],{"class":109},[61,160560,480],{"class":75},[14,160562,139],{},[52,160564,160566],{"className":54,"code":160565,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160567,160568,160582],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160569,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578,160580],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160571,672],{"class":71},[61,160573,676],{"class":675},[61,160575,308],{"class":214},[61,160577,1203],{"class":218},[61,160579,299],{"class":214},[61,160581,685],{"class":71},[61,160583,160584],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160585,1524],{"class":1523},[14,160587,160588,160589,160591],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160590,45029],{}," is more practical.",[52,160593,160595],{"className":54,"code":160594,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160596,160597,160605,160609,160625],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160598,160599,160601,160603],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160600,1766],{"class":67},[61,160602,72],{"class":71},[61,160604,35063],{"class":79},[61,160606,160607],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160608,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160610,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619,160621,160623],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160612,7227],{"class":1490},[61,160614,49836],{"class":126},[61,160616,113],{"class":75},[61,160618,1783],{"class":116},[61,160620,83],{"class":75},[61,160622,45500],{"class":109},[61,160624,8572],{"class":75},[61,160626,160627,160629,160631,160633,160636,160638],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160628,8299],{"class":126},[61,160630,113],{"class":75},[61,160632,215],{"class":214},[61,160634,160635],{"class":218},"This is an integer",[61,160637,215],{"class":214},[61,160639,120],{"class":75},[14,160641,165,160642,160644],{},[18,160643,2547],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160646,165,160647,160649,160650,7402],{},[18,160648,45029],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160651,7227],{},[14,160653,160654,160655,26],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[334,160656,3808,160658,3741],{"href":160657},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160659,45029],{},[47,160661,160663,160664],{"id":160662},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160665,2547],{},[14,160667,160668],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[52,160670,160672],{"className":54,"code":160671,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160673,160674],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160675,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160687,160689,160691],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160677,648],{"class":109},[61,160679,113],{"class":75},[61,160681,7899],{"class":116},[61,160683,83],{"class":75},[61,160685,160686],{"class":116}," bases",[61,160688,83],{"class":75},[61,160690,9395],{"class":109},[61,160692,120],{"class":75},[14,160694,160695],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160697,197],{},[52,160699,160701],{"className":54,"code":160700,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160702,160703,160746,160750,160760],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160704,160705,160708,160710,160712,160714,160716,160719,160721,160723,160726,160728,160730,160733,160735,160737,160739,160742,160744],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160706,160707],{"class":67},"Person ",[61,160709,72],{"class":71},[61,160711,49613],{"class":109},[61,160713,113],{"class":75},[61,160715,215],{"class":214},[61,160717,160718],{"class":218},"Person",[61,160720,215],{"class":214},[61,160722,83],{"class":75},[61,160724,160725],{"class":75}," (),",[61,160727,1235],{"class":75},[61,160729,215],{"class":214},[61,160731,160732],{"class":218},"species",[61,160734,215],{"class":214},[61,160736,378],{"class":75},[61,160738,226],{"class":214},[61,160740,160741],{"class":218},"human",[61,160743,215],{"class":214},[61,160745,30717],{"class":75},[61,160747,160748],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160749,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160751,160752,160754,160756,160758],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160753,127],{"class":126},[61,160755,113],{"class":75},[61,160757,160718],{"class":116},[61,160759,120],{"class":75},[61,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160772],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160763,127],{"class":126},[61,160765,113],{"class":75},[61,160767,160718],{"class":116},[61,160769,26],{"class":75},[61,160771,160732],{"class":24971},[61,160773,120],{"class":75},[14,160775,139],{},[52,160777,160779],{"className":54,"code":160778,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160780,160781,160796],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160782,160783,160785,160787,160789,160792,160794],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160784,672],{"class":71},[61,160786,676],{"class":675},[61,160788,308],{"class":214},[61,160790,160791],{"class":218},"__main__.Person",[61,160793,299],{"class":214},[61,160795,685],{"class":71},[61,160797,160798],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160799,160800],{"class":67},"human\n",[14,160802,160803,160804,160806],{},"Most beginners do ",[23,160805,704],{}," need this form.",[14,160808,160809],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[47,160811,5189,160813],{"id":160812},"when-to-use-type",[18,160814,2547],{},[14,160816,160817,12667],{},[18,160818,2547],{},[34,160820,160821,160824,160827,160830],{},[37,160822,160823],{},"debug unexpected values",[37,160825,160826],{},"check what a conversion produced",[37,160828,160829],{},"learn Python data types",[37,160831,160832],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160834,5701],{},[52,160836,160838],{"className":54,"code":160837,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160839,160840,160852,160866,160870,160884],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160843,1033],{"class":67},[61,160845,72],{"class":71},[61,160847,226],{"class":214},[61,160849,50469],{"class":218},[61,160851,1043],{"class":214},[61,160853,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160855,2464],{"class":67},[61,160857,72],{"class":71},[61,160859,45500],{"class":109},[61,160861,113],{"class":75},[61,160863,1056],{"class":116},[61,160865,120],{"class":75},[61,160867,160868],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,160869,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,160873,127],{"class":126},[61,160875,113],{"class":75},[61,160877,648],{"class":109},[61,160879,113],{"class":75},[61,160881,1056],{"class":116},[61,160883,480],{"class":75},[61,160885,160886,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,160887,127],{"class":126},[61,160889,113],{"class":75},[61,160891,648],{"class":109},[61,160893,113],{"class":75},[61,160895,2486],{"class":116},[61,160897,480],{"class":75},[14,160899,139],{},[52,160901,160902],{"className":54,"code":125085,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160903,160904,160918],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160905,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160907,672],{"class":71},[61,160909,676],{"class":675},[61,160911,308],{"class":214},[61,160913,1208],{"class":218},[61,160915,299],{"class":214},[61,160917,685],{"class":71},[61,160919,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,160921,672],{"class":71},[61,160923,676],{"class":675},[61,160925,308],{"class":214},[61,160927,1203],{"class":218},[61,160929,299],{"class":214},[61,160931,685],{"class":71},[14,160933,160934],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160936,160937,160938,2437,160942,17293,160946,160950],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[334,160939,160940],{"href":42398},[18,160941,47907],{},[334,160943,160944],{"href":3115},[18,160945,3118],{},[334,160947,160948],{"href":3121},[18,160949,3124],{}," are often the next step.",[47,160952,25578],{"id":25577},[14,160954,160955,160956,160958],{},"A few things about ",[18,160957,2547],{}," often confuse beginners.",[819,160960,160962,160965],{"id":160961},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160963,160964],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160967,64862],{},[52,160969,160971],{"className":54,"code":160970,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160972,160973],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160974,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160976,127],{"class":126},[61,160978,113],{"class":75},[61,160980,648],{"class":109},[61,160982,113],{"class":75},[61,160984,945],{"class":79},[61,160986,480],{"class":75},[14,160988,122928],{},[52,160990,160991],{"className":54,"code":156440,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,160992,160993],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,160994,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,160996,672],{"class":71},[61,160998,676],{"class":675},[61,161000,308],{"class":214},[61,161002,1203],{"class":218},[61,161004,299],{"class":214},[61,161006,685],{"class":71},[14,161008,41128,161009,161011,161012,26],{},[23,161010,704],{}," print just ",[18,161013,1203],{},[14,161015,6906,161016,161018],{},[18,161017,2547],{}," returns a class object.",[819,161020,161022,2642,161024],{"id":161021},"input-returns-str",[18,161023,3197],{},[18,161025,1208],{},[14,161027,79757],{},[52,161029,161031],{"className":54,"code":161030,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,161032,161033,161051],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161034,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161036,1766],{"class":67},[61,161038,72],{"class":71},[61,161040,8472],{"class":126},[61,161042,113],{"class":75},[61,161044,215],{"class":214},[61,161046,46534],{"class":218},[61,161048,215],{"class":214},[61,161050,120],{"class":75},[61,161052,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161054,127],{"class":126},[61,161056,113],{"class":75},[61,161058,648],{"class":109},[61,161060,113],{"class":75},[61,161062,1783],{"class":116},[61,161064,480],{"class":75},[14,161066,161067],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161069,161070,161071,1881,161073,26],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161072,3118],{},[18,161074,3124],{},[819,161076,161078],{"id":161077},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161080,161081],{},"Avoid code like this:",[52,161083,161085],{"className":54,"code":161084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161086,161087,161095,161099,161125],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161088,161089,161091,161093],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161090,1766],{"class":67},[61,161092,72],{"class":71},[61,161094,35063],{"class":79},[61,161096,161097],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161098,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161102,7227],{"class":1490},[61,161104,49128],{"class":109},[61,161106,113],{"class":75},[61,161108,648],{"class":109},[61,161110,113],{"class":75},[61,161112,1783],{"class":116},[61,161114,5590],{"class":75},[61,161116,6636],{"class":71},[61,161118,226],{"class":214},[61,161120,159819],{"class":218},[61,161122,215],{"class":214},[61,161124,6621],{"class":75},[61,161126,161127,161129,161131,161133,161136,161138],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161128,8299],{"class":126},[61,161130,113],{"class":75},[61,161132,215],{"class":214},[61,161134,161135],{"class":218},"It is an int",[61,161137,215],{"class":214},[61,161139,120],{"class":75},[14,161141,161142],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161144,161145],{},"Better options:",[52,161147,161149],{"className":54,"code":161148,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161150,161151,161159,161163,161183],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161152,161153,161155,161157],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161154,1766],{"class":67},[61,161156,72],{"class":71},[61,161158,35063],{"class":79},[61,161160,161161],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161162,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,161164,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161166,127],{"class":126},[61,161168,113],{"class":75},[61,161170,648],{"class":109},[61,161172,113],{"class":75},[61,161174,1783],{"class":116},[61,161176,3893],{"class":75},[61,161178,6636],{"class":71},[61,161180,45500],{"class":109},[61,161182,120],{"class":75},[61,161184,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161186,127],{"class":126},[61,161188,113],{"class":75},[61,161190,49099],{"class":126},[61,161192,113],{"class":75},[61,161194,1783],{"class":116},[61,161196,83],{"class":75},[61,161198,45500],{"class":109},[61,161200,480],{"class":75},[14,161202,139],{},[52,161204,161205],{"className":54,"code":4733,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,161206,161207,161211],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161208,161209],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161210,1524],{"class":1523},[61,161212,161213],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161214,1524],{"class":1523},[14,161216,161217,161218,161220],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161219,45029],{}," is the more useful check.",[47,161222,1741],{"id":1740},[14,161224,14954,161225,378],{},[18,161226,2547],{},[34,161228,161229,161239,161248,161257],{},[37,161230,1750,161231,161233,161234,161238],{},[18,161232,2547],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[334,161235,161236],{"href":8449},[18,161237,3197],{}," always returns a string",[37,161240,1864,161241,161243,161244,11313,161246],{},[18,161242,2547],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161245,1203],{},[18,161247,159819],{},[37,161249,1750,161250,44853,161253,161256],{},[18,161251,161252],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161254,161255],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[37,161258,161259],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161261,161262,161263,26],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[334,161264,161266],{"href":161265},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161268,144594],{},[52,161270,161272],{"className":54,"code":161271,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161273,161274,161288,161298,161312,161322],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161275,161276,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161277,127],{"class":126},[61,161279,113],{"class":75},[61,161281,648],{"class":109},[61,161283,113],{"class":75},[61,161285,1783],{"class":116},[61,161287,480],{"class":75},[61,161289,161290,161292,161294,161296],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161291,127],{"class":126},[61,161293,113],{"class":75},[61,161295,1783],{"class":116},[61,161297,120],{"class":75},[61,161299,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161301,127],{"class":126},[61,161303,113],{"class":75},[61,161305,42002],{"class":126},[61,161307,113],{"class":75},[61,161309,1783],{"class":116},[61,161311,480],{"class":75},[61,161313,161314,161316,161318,161320],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161315,32373],{"class":126},[61,161317,113],{"class":75},[61,161319,648],{"class":109},[61,161321,120],{"class":75},[61,161323,161324,161326,161328,161330],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,161325,34594],{"class":126},[61,161327,113],{"class":75},[61,161329,1783],{"class":116},[61,161331,120],{"class":75},[14,161333,161334],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[47,161336,1987],{"id":1986},[819,161338,5371,161340,5374],{"id":161339},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161341,2547],{},[14,161343,161344,161345,2437,161347,2437,161349,2440,161351,161353,161354,26],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161346,1208],{},[18,161348,1203],{},[18,161350,383],{},[18,161352,799],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161355,159816],{},[819,161357,15124,161359,57430,161361,2735],{"id":161358},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161360,2547],{},[18,161362,45029],{},[14,161364,46589,161365,161367,161368,161370],{},[18,161366,2547],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161369,45029],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[819,161372,2093,161374,161377,161378,2735],{"id":161373},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161375,161376],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161379,1208],{},[14,161381,29282,161382,161384,161385,1881,161387,160478],{},[18,161383,3197],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161386,3118],{},[18,161388,3124],{},[819,161390,5398,161392,161394],{"id":161391},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161393,2547],{}," create classes?",[14,161396,161397,161398,26],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161399,161400],{},"type(object)",[47,161402,2144],{"id":2143},[34,161404,161405,161409,161415,161421,161425,161431,161437],{},[37,161406,161407],{},[334,161408,45021],{"href":49201},[37,161410,161411],{},[334,161412,3808,161413,3741],{"href":160657},[18,161414,45029],{},[37,161416,161417],{},[334,161418,3808,161419,3741],{"href":8449},[18,161420,3197],{},[37,161422,161423],{},[334,161424,9284],{"href":9206},[37,161426,161427],{},[334,161428,3808,161429,3741],{"href":3115},[18,161430,3118],{},[37,161432,161433],{},[334,161434,3808,161435,3741],{"href":3121},[18,161436,3124],{},[37,161438,161439],{},[334,161440,3808,161441,3741],{"href":42398},[18,161442,47907],{},[2169,161444,161445],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":161447},[161448,161449,161451,161452,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161468,161469,161479],{"id":3841,"depth":101,"text":3842},{"id":159822,"depth":101,"text":161450},"What the type() function does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":121896,"depth":101,"text":121897},{"id":160180,"depth":101,"text":161454},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160486,"depth":101,"text":161456},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160662,"depth":101,"text":161458},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160812,"depth":101,"text":161460},"When to use type()",{"id":25577,"depth":101,"text":25578,"children":161462},[161463,161465,161467],{"id":160961,"depth":123,"text":161464},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161021,"depth":123,"text":161466},"input() returns str",{"id":161077,"depth":123,"text":161078},{"id":1740,"depth":101,"text":1741},{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":161470},[161471,161473,161475,161477],{"id":161339,"depth":123,"text":161472},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161358,"depth":123,"text":161474},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161373,"depth":123,"text":161476},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161391,"depth":123,"text":161478},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159656,"description":161480},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161486,"title":161487,"body":161488,"description":163967,"extension":2216,"meta":163968,"navigation":271,"path":163969,"seo":163970,"stem":163971,"__hash__":163972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161489,"toc":163924},[161490,161495,161500,161509,161511,161611,161613,161638,161643,161648,161664,161667,161669,161671,161696,161699,161702,161785,161787,161836,161839,161961,161963,162036,162040,162043,162157,162159,162185,162187,162208,162213,162217,162222,162225,162329,162331,162348,162357,162360,162447,162449,162460,162465,162471,162476,162482,162485,162578,162580,162629,162635,162638,162739,162741,162794,162799,162803,162806,162905,162907,162946,162949,162954,162956,162961,162965,163078,163082,163179,163183,163271,163273,163290,163294,163417,163423,163429,163435,163440,163443,163470,163474,163476,163570,163573,163577,163580,163667,163670,163705,163707,163744,163747,163755,163760,163765,163839,163846,163848,163853,163856,163862,163865,163871,163876,163882,163887,163891,163894,163896,163921],[10,161491,3808,161493,3812],{"id":161492},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161494,64538],{},[14,161496,161497,161499],{},[18,161498,64538],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161501,161502,161503,161505,161506,161508],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161504,64538],{}," inside a ",[18,161507,6186],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[47,161510,50],{"id":49},[52,161512,161514],{"className":54,"code":161513,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161515,161516,161548,161568,161572,161597],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161517,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161519,5223],{"class":67},[61,161521,72],{"class":71},[61,161523,76],{"class":75},[61,161525,215],{"class":214},[61,161527,13104],{"class":218},[61,161529,215],{"class":214},[61,161531,83],{"class":75},[61,161533,226],{"class":214},[61,161535,36162],{"class":218},[61,161537,215],{"class":214},[61,161539,83],{"class":75},[61,161541,226],{"class":214},[61,161543,36171],{"class":218},[61,161545,215],{"class":214},[61,161547,98],{"class":75},[61,161549,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161551,5292],{"class":67},[61,161553,72],{"class":71},[61,161555,76],{"class":75},[61,161557,13724],{"class":79},[61,161559,83],{"class":75},[61,161561,13729],{"class":79},[61,161563,83],{"class":75},[61,161565,29141],{"class":79},[61,161567,98],{"class":75},[61,161569,161570],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161571,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,161573,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161575,6186],{"class":1490},[61,161577,36213],{"class":67},[61,161579,83],{"class":75},[61,161581,5334],{"class":67},[61,161583,1433],{"class":1490},[61,161585,161586],{"class":126}," zip",[61,161588,113],{"class":75},[61,161590,5267],{"class":116},[61,161592,83],{"class":75},[61,161594,5339],{"class":116},[61,161596,8572],{"class":75},[61,161598,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,161600,8299],{"class":126},[61,161602,113],{"class":75},[61,161604,7899],{"class":116},[61,161606,83],{"class":75},[61,161608,130874],{"class":116},[61,161610,120],{"class":75},[14,161612,139],{},[52,161614,161616],{"className":54,"code":161615,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161617,161618,161624,161631],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161619,161620,161622],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161621,133893],{"class":67},[61,161623,33357],{"class":79},[61,161625,161626,161629],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161627,161628],{"class":67},"Ben ",[61,161630,33362],{"class":79},[61,161632,161633,161636],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161634,161635],{"class":67},"Cara ",[61,161637,33367],{"class":79},[14,161639,165,161640,161642],{},[18,161641,64538],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[47,161644,3911,161646,3914],{"id":161645},"what-zip-does",[18,161647,64538],{},[34,161649,161650,161655,161658,161661],{},[37,161651,161652,161654],{},[18,161653,64538],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[37,161656,161657],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[37,161659,161660],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[37,161662,161663],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161665,161666],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[47,161668,341],{"id":340},[14,161670,7448],{},[52,161672,161674],{"className":54,"code":161673,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161675,161676],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161677,161678,161680,161682,161685,161687,161690,161692,161694],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161679,64608],{"class":126},[61,161681,113],{"class":75},[61,161683,161684],{"class":116},"iterable1",[61,161686,83],{"class":75},[61,161688,161689],{"class":116}," iterable2",[61,161691,83],{"class":75},[61,161693,34676],{"class":126},[61,161695,120],{"class":75},[14,161697,161698],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161700,161701],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[52,161703,161705],{"className":54,"code":161704,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161706,161707,161727,161759,161763],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161708,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161710,68],{"class":67},[61,161712,72],{"class":71},[61,161714,76],{"class":75},[61,161716,80],{"class":79},[61,161718,83],{"class":75},[61,161720,86],{"class":79},[61,161722,83],{"class":75},[61,161724,95],{"class":79},[61,161726,98],{"class":75},[61,161728,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161730,36312],{"class":67},[61,161732,72],{"class":71},[61,161734,76],{"class":75},[61,161736,215],{"class":214},[61,161738,334],{"class":218},[61,161740,215],{"class":214},[61,161742,83],{"class":75},[61,161744,226],{"class":214},[61,161746,765],{"class":218},[61,161748,215],{"class":214},[61,161750,83],{"class":75},[61,161752,226],{"class":214},[61,161754,9961],{"class":218},[61,161756,215],{"class":214},[61,161758,98],{"class":75},[61,161760,161761],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161762,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,161764,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161766,127],{"class":126},[61,161768,113],{"class":75},[61,161770,383],{"class":109},[61,161772,113],{"class":75},[61,161774,64608],{"class":126},[61,161776,113],{"class":75},[61,161778,117],{"class":116},[61,161780,83],{"class":75},[61,161782,70313],{"class":116},[61,161784,460],{"class":75},[14,161786,139],{},[52,161788,161790],{"className":54,"code":161789,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161791,161792],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161793,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161795,21960],{"class":75},[61,161797,80],{"class":79},[61,161799,83],{"class":75},[61,161801,308],{"class":214},[61,161803,334],{"class":218},[61,161805,299],{"class":214},[61,161807,1362],{"class":75},[61,161809,942],{"class":75},[61,161811,2310],{"class":79},[61,161813,83],{"class":75},[61,161815,308],{"class":214},[61,161817,765],{"class":218},[61,161819,299],{"class":214},[61,161821,1362],{"class":75},[61,161823,942],{"class":75},[61,161825,1321],{"class":79},[61,161827,83],{"class":75},[61,161829,308],{"class":214},[61,161831,9961],{"class":218},[61,161833,299],{"class":214},[61,161835,9472],{"class":75},[14,161837,161838],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[52,161840,161842],{"className":54,"code":161841,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161843,161844,161876,161896,161930,161934],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161847,5223],{"class":67},[61,161849,72],{"class":71},[61,161851,76],{"class":75},[61,161853,215],{"class":214},[61,161855,13104],{"class":218},[61,161857,215],{"class":214},[61,161859,83],{"class":75},[61,161861,226],{"class":214},[61,161863,36162],{"class":218},[61,161865,215],{"class":214},[61,161867,83],{"class":75},[61,161869,226],{"class":214},[61,161871,36171],{"class":218},[61,161873,215],{"class":214},[61,161875,98],{"class":75},[61,161877,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,161879,5292],{"class":67},[61,161881,72],{"class":71},[61,161883,76],{"class":75},[61,161885,13724],{"class":79},[61,161887,83],{"class":75},[61,161889,13729],{"class":79},[61,161891,83],{"class":75},[61,161893,29141],{"class":79},[61,161895,98],{"class":75},[61,161897,161898,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161926,161928],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,161899,161900],{"class":67},"grades ",[61,161902,72],{"class":71},[61,161904,76],{"class":75},[61,161906,215],{"class":214},[61,161908,22465],{"class":218},[61,161910,215],{"class":214},[61,161912,83],{"class":75},[61,161914,226],{"class":214},[61,161916,30820],{"class":218},[61,161918,215],{"class":214},[61,161920,83],{"class":75},[61,161922,226],{"class":214},[61,161924,161925],{"class":218},"B+",[61,161927,215],{"class":214},[61,161929,98],{"class":75},[61,161931,161932],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,161933,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,161935,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161959],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,161937,127],{"class":126},[61,161939,113],{"class":75},[61,161941,383],{"class":109},[61,161943,113],{"class":75},[61,161945,64608],{"class":126},[61,161947,113],{"class":75},[61,161949,5267],{"class":116},[61,161951,83],{"class":75},[61,161953,5339],{"class":116},[61,161955,83],{"class":75},[61,161957,161958],{"class":116}," grades",[61,161960,460],{"class":75},[14,161962,139],{},[52,161964,161966],{"className":54,"code":161965,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161967,161968],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,161969,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,161971,21960],{"class":75},[61,161973,299],{"class":214},[61,161975,13104],{"class":218},[61,161977,299],{"class":214},[61,161979,83],{"class":75},[61,161981,20118],{"class":79},[61,161983,83],{"class":75},[61,161985,308],{"class":214},[61,161987,22465],{"class":218},[61,161989,299],{"class":214},[61,161991,1362],{"class":75},[61,161993,942],{"class":75},[61,161995,299],{"class":214},[61,161997,36162],{"class":218},[61,161999,299],{"class":214},[61,162001,83],{"class":75},[61,162003,13729],{"class":79},[61,162005,83],{"class":75},[61,162007,308],{"class":214},[61,162009,30820],{"class":218},[61,162011,299],{"class":214},[61,162013,1362],{"class":75},[61,162015,942],{"class":75},[61,162017,299],{"class":214},[61,162019,36171],{"class":218},[61,162021,299],{"class":214},[61,162023,83],{"class":75},[61,162025,29141],{"class":79},[61,162027,83],{"class":75},[61,162029,308],{"class":214},[61,162031,161925],{"class":218},[61,162033,299],{"class":214},[61,162035,9472],{"class":75},[47,162037,162039],{"id":162038},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162041,162042],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[52,162044,162046],{"className":54,"code":162045,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,162047,162048,162080,162100,162104,162128],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162049,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162051,5223],{"class":67},[61,162053,72],{"class":71},[61,162055,76],{"class":75},[61,162057,215],{"class":214},[61,162059,13104],{"class":218},[61,162061,215],{"class":214},[61,162063,83],{"class":75},[61,162065,226],{"class":214},[61,162067,36162],{"class":218},[61,162069,215],{"class":214},[61,162071,83],{"class":75},[61,162073,226],{"class":214},[61,162075,36171],{"class":218},[61,162077,215],{"class":214},[61,162079,98],{"class":75},[61,162081,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162083,5292],{"class":67},[61,162085,72],{"class":71},[61,162087,76],{"class":75},[61,162089,13724],{"class":79},[61,162091,83],{"class":75},[61,162093,13729],{"class":79},[61,162095,83],{"class":75},[61,162097,29141],{"class":79},[61,162099,98],{"class":75},[61,162101,162102],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162103,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162105,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162107,6186],{"class":1490},[61,162109,36213],{"class":67},[61,162111,83],{"class":75},[61,162113,5334],{"class":67},[61,162115,1433],{"class":1490},[61,162117,161586],{"class":126},[61,162119,113],{"class":75},[61,162121,5267],{"class":116},[61,162123,83],{"class":75},[61,162125,5339],{"class":116},[61,162127,8572],{"class":75},[61,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,162131,8299],{"class":126},[61,162133,113],{"class":75},[61,162135,22514],{"class":675},[61,162137,215],{"class":218},[61,162139,149],{"class":79},[61,162141,7899],{"class":116},[61,162143,22523],{"class":79},[61,162145,162146],{"class":218}," scored ",[61,162148,149],{"class":79},[61,162150,85735],{"class":116},[61,162152,22523],{"class":79},[61,162154,215],{"class":218},[61,162156,120],{"class":75},[14,162158,139],{},[52,162160,162162],{"className":54,"code":162161,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162163,162164,162171,162178],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162165,162166,162169],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162167,162168],{"class":67},"Ana scored ",[61,162170,33357],{"class":79},[61,162172,162173,162176],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162174,162175],{"class":67},"Ben scored ",[61,162177,33362],{"class":79},[61,162179,162180,162183],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162181,162182],{"class":67},"Cara scored ",[61,162184,33367],{"class":79},[14,162186,45154],{},[34,162188,162189,162198,162201],{},[37,162190,162191,162194,162195],{},[18,162192,162193],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162196,162197],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[37,162199,162200],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[37,162202,162203,4621,162205,162207],{},[18,162204,7899],{},[18,162206,85735],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162209,162210,162211,26],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[334,162212,69830],{"href":69829},[47,162214,162216],{"id":162215},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162218,162219,162221],{},[18,162220,64538],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162223,162224],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[52,162226,162228],{"className":54,"code":162227,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162229,162230,162271,162287,162291,162315],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162231,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162267,162269],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162233,5223],{"class":67},[61,162235,72],{"class":71},[61,162237,76],{"class":75},[61,162239,215],{"class":214},[61,162241,13104],{"class":218},[61,162243,215],{"class":214},[61,162245,83],{"class":75},[61,162247,226],{"class":214},[61,162249,36162],{"class":218},[61,162251,215],{"class":214},[61,162253,83],{"class":75},[61,162255,226],{"class":214},[61,162257,36171],{"class":218},[61,162259,215],{"class":214},[61,162261,83],{"class":75},[61,162263,226],{"class":214},[61,162265,162266],{"class":218},"Dan",[61,162268,215],{"class":214},[61,162270,98],{"class":75},[61,162272,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162274,5292],{"class":67},[61,162276,72],{"class":71},[61,162278,76],{"class":75},[61,162280,13724],{"class":79},[61,162282,83],{"class":75},[61,162284,13729],{"class":79},[61,162286,98],{"class":75},[61,162288,162289],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162290,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162292,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162294,6186],{"class":1490},[61,162296,36213],{"class":67},[61,162298,83],{"class":75},[61,162300,5334],{"class":67},[61,162302,1433],{"class":1490},[61,162304,161586],{"class":126},[61,162306,113],{"class":75},[61,162308,5267],{"class":116},[61,162310,83],{"class":75},[61,162312,5339],{"class":116},[61,162314,8572],{"class":75},[61,162316,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,162318,8299],{"class":126},[61,162320,113],{"class":75},[61,162322,7899],{"class":116},[61,162324,83],{"class":75},[61,162326,130874],{"class":116},[61,162328,120],{"class":75},[14,162330,139],{},[52,162332,162334],{"className":54,"code":162333,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162335,162336,162342],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162337,162338,162340],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162339,133893],{"class":67},[61,162341,33357],{"class":79},[61,162343,162344,162346],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162345,161628],{"class":67},[61,162347,33362],{"class":79},[14,162349,325,162350,4621,162353,162356],{},[18,162351,162352],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162354,162355],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162358,162359],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[52,162361,162363],{"className":54,"code":162362,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162364,162365,162405,162421,162425],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162366,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162368,5223],{"class":67},[61,162370,72],{"class":71},[61,162372,76],{"class":75},[61,162374,215],{"class":214},[61,162376,13104],{"class":218},[61,162378,215],{"class":214},[61,162380,83],{"class":75},[61,162382,226],{"class":214},[61,162384,36162],{"class":218},[61,162386,215],{"class":214},[61,162388,83],{"class":75},[61,162390,226],{"class":214},[61,162392,36171],{"class":218},[61,162394,215],{"class":214},[61,162396,83],{"class":75},[61,162398,226],{"class":214},[61,162400,162266],{"class":218},[61,162402,215],{"class":214},[61,162404,98],{"class":75},[61,162406,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162408,5292],{"class":67},[61,162410,72],{"class":71},[61,162412,76],{"class":75},[61,162414,13724],{"class":79},[61,162416,83],{"class":75},[61,162418,13729],{"class":79},[61,162420,98],{"class":75},[61,162422,162423],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162424,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162426,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162428,127],{"class":126},[61,162430,113],{"class":75},[61,162432,1948],{"class":126},[61,162434,113],{"class":75},[61,162436,5267],{"class":116},[61,162438,1362],{"class":75},[61,162440,38607],{"class":126},[61,162442,113],{"class":75},[61,162444,16609],{"class":116},[61,162446,480],{"class":75},[14,162448,139],{},[52,162450,162452],{"className":54,"code":162451,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"4 2\n",[18,162453,162454],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162455,162456,162458],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162457,498],{"class":79},[61,162459,45813],{"class":79},[14,162461,162462,162463,26],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162464,64538],{},[47,162466,92325,162468,162470],{"id":162467},"converting-zip-output",[18,162469,64538],{}," output",[14,162472,29282,162473,162475],{},[18,162474,64538],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[819,162477,165,162479],{"id":162478},"use-listzip",[18,162480,162481],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162483,162484],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[52,162486,162488],{"className":54,"code":162487,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162489,162490,162522,162542,162546,162568],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162491,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162493,5223],{"class":67},[61,162495,72],{"class":71},[61,162497,76],{"class":75},[61,162499,215],{"class":214},[61,162501,13104],{"class":218},[61,162503,215],{"class":214},[61,162505,83],{"class":75},[61,162507,226],{"class":214},[61,162509,36162],{"class":218},[61,162511,215],{"class":214},[61,162513,83],{"class":75},[61,162515,226],{"class":214},[61,162517,36171],{"class":218},[61,162519,215],{"class":214},[61,162521,98],{"class":75},[61,162523,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162525,5292],{"class":67},[61,162527,72],{"class":71},[61,162529,76],{"class":75},[61,162531,13724],{"class":79},[61,162533,83],{"class":75},[61,162535,13729],{"class":79},[61,162537,83],{"class":75},[61,162539,29141],{"class":79},[61,162541,98],{"class":75},[61,162543,162544],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162545,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162547,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162549,9440],{"class":67},[61,162551,72],{"class":71},[61,162553,22780],{"class":109},[61,162555,113],{"class":75},[61,162557,64608],{"class":126},[61,162559,113],{"class":75},[61,162561,5267],{"class":116},[61,162563,83],{"class":75},[61,162565,5339],{"class":116},[61,162567,480],{"class":75},[61,162569,162570,162572,162574,162576],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,162571,127],{"class":126},[61,162573,113],{"class":75},[61,162575,9485],{"class":116},[61,162577,120],{"class":75},[14,162579,139],{},[52,162581,162583],{"className":54,"code":162582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162584,162585],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162586,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162588,21960],{"class":75},[61,162590,299],{"class":214},[61,162592,13104],{"class":218},[61,162594,299],{"class":214},[61,162596,83],{"class":75},[61,162598,20118],{"class":79},[61,162600,1362],{"class":75},[61,162602,942],{"class":75},[61,162604,299],{"class":214},[61,162606,36162],{"class":218},[61,162608,299],{"class":214},[61,162610,83],{"class":75},[61,162612,13729],{"class":79},[61,162614,1362],{"class":75},[61,162616,942],{"class":75},[61,162618,299],{"class":214},[61,162620,36171],{"class":218},[61,162622,299],{"class":214},[61,162624,83],{"class":75},[61,162626,29141],{"class":79},[61,162628,9472],{"class":75},[819,162630,165,162632],{"id":162631},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162633,162634],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162636,162637],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[52,162639,162641],{"className":54,"code":162640,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162642,162643,162675,162703,162707,162729],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162644,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162646,17463],{"class":67},[61,162648,72],{"class":71},[61,162650,76],{"class":75},[61,162652,215],{"class":214},[61,162654,7899],{"class":218},[61,162656,215],{"class":214},[61,162658,83],{"class":75},[61,162660,226],{"class":214},[61,162662,9521],{"class":218},[61,162664,215],{"class":214},[61,162666,83],{"class":75},[61,162668,226],{"class":214},[61,162670,10630],{"class":218},[61,162672,215],{"class":214},[61,162674,98],{"class":75},[61,162676,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162678,937],{"class":67},[61,162680,72],{"class":71},[61,162682,76],{"class":75},[61,162684,215],{"class":214},[61,162686,13104],{"class":218},[61,162688,215],{"class":214},[61,162690,83],{"class":75},[61,162692,9528],{"class":79},[61,162694,83],{"class":75},[61,162696,226],{"class":214},[61,162698,16251],{"class":218},[61,162700,215],{"class":214},[61,162702,98],{"class":75},[61,162704,162705],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162706,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162708,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162710,13426],{"class":67},[61,162712,72],{"class":71},[61,162714,9395],{"class":109},[61,162716,113],{"class":75},[61,162718,64608],{"class":126},[61,162720,113],{"class":75},[61,162722,17144],{"class":116},[61,162724,83],{"class":75},[61,162726,4115],{"class":116},[61,162728,480],{"class":75},[61,162730,162731,162733,162735,162737],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,162732,127],{"class":126},[61,162734,113],{"class":75},[61,162736,17528],{"class":116},[61,162738,120],{"class":75},[14,162740,139],{},[52,162742,162744],{"className":54,"code":162743,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162745,162746],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162747,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162749,149],{"class":75},[61,162751,299],{"class":214},[61,162753,7899],{"class":218},[61,162755,299],{"class":214},[61,162757,378],{"class":75},[61,162759,308],{"class":214},[61,162761,13104],{"class":218},[61,162763,299],{"class":214},[61,162765,83],{"class":75},[61,162767,308],{"class":214},[61,162769,9521],{"class":218},[61,162771,299],{"class":214},[61,162773,378],{"class":75},[61,162775,9528],{"class":79},[61,162777,83],{"class":75},[61,162779,308],{"class":214},[61,162781,10630],{"class":218},[61,162783,299],{"class":214},[61,162785,378],{"class":75},[61,162787,308],{"class":214},[61,162789,16251],{"class":218},[61,162791,299],{"class":214},[61,162793,162],{"class":75},[14,162795,162796,162797,26],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[334,162798,31307],{"href":31306},[819,162800,162802],{"id":162801},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162804,162805],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[52,162807,162809],{"className":54,"code":162808,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162810,162811,162835,162851,162855,162873,162877,162891],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162812,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162814,5223],{"class":67},[61,162816,72],{"class":71},[61,162818,76],{"class":75},[61,162820,215],{"class":214},[61,162822,13104],{"class":218},[61,162824,215],{"class":214},[61,162826,83],{"class":75},[61,162828,226],{"class":214},[61,162830,36162],{"class":218},[61,162832,215],{"class":214},[61,162834,98],{"class":75},[61,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162838,5292],{"class":67},[61,162840,72],{"class":71},[61,162842,76],{"class":75},[61,162844,13724],{"class":79},[61,162846,83],{"class":75},[61,162848,13729],{"class":79},[61,162850,98],{"class":75},[61,162852,162853],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,162854,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,162858,9440],{"class":67},[61,162860,72],{"class":71},[61,162862,161586],{"class":126},[61,162864,113],{"class":75},[61,162866,5267],{"class":116},[61,162868,83],{"class":75},[61,162870,5339],{"class":116},[61,162872,120],{"class":75},[61,162874,162875],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,162876,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,162878,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,162880,127],{"class":126},[61,162882,113],{"class":75},[61,162884,383],{"class":109},[61,162886,113],{"class":75},[61,162888,9485],{"class":116},[61,162890,480],{"class":75},[61,162892,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,162894,127],{"class":126},[61,162896,113],{"class":75},[61,162898,383],{"class":109},[61,162900,113],{"class":75},[61,162902,9485],{"class":116},[61,162904,480],{"class":75},[14,162906,139],{},[52,162908,162910],{"className":54,"code":162909,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162911,162912,162942],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162913,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162915,21960],{"class":75},[61,162917,299],{"class":214},[61,162919,13104],{"class":218},[61,162921,299],{"class":214},[61,162923,83],{"class":75},[61,162925,20118],{"class":79},[61,162927,1362],{"class":75},[61,162929,942],{"class":75},[61,162931,299],{"class":214},[61,162933,36162],{"class":218},[61,162935,299],{"class":214},[61,162937,83],{"class":75},[61,162939,13729],{"class":79},[61,162941,9472],{"class":75},[61,162943,162944],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,162945,38518],{"class":75},[14,162947,162948],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162950,162951,162952,26],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[334,162953,5365],{"href":5814},[47,162955,41268],{"id":41267},[14,162957,162958,162959,26],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162960,64538],{},[819,162962,162964],{"id":162963},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[52,162966,162968],{"className":54,"code":162967,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162969,162970,163002,163022,163026,163050],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,162971,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,162973,5223],{"class":67},[61,162975,72],{"class":71},[61,162977,76],{"class":75},[61,162979,215],{"class":214},[61,162981,13104],{"class":218},[61,162983,215],{"class":214},[61,162985,83],{"class":75},[61,162987,226],{"class":214},[61,162989,36162],{"class":218},[61,162991,215],{"class":214},[61,162993,83],{"class":75},[61,162995,226],{"class":214},[61,162997,36171],{"class":218},[61,162999,215],{"class":214},[61,163001,98],{"class":75},[61,163003,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163005,5292],{"class":67},[61,163007,72],{"class":71},[61,163009,76],{"class":75},[61,163011,13724],{"class":79},[61,163013,83],{"class":75},[61,163015,13729],{"class":79},[61,163017,83],{"class":75},[61,163019,29141],{"class":79},[61,163021,98],{"class":75},[61,163023,163024],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163025,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163027,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163029,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163031,36213],{"class":67},[61,163033,83],{"class":75},[61,163035,5334],{"class":67},[61,163037,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163039,161586],{"class":126},[61,163041,113],{"class":75},[61,163043,5267],{"class":116},[61,163045,83],{"class":75},[61,163047,5339],{"class":116},[61,163049,8572],{"class":75},[61,163051,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163053,8299],{"class":126},[61,163055,113],{"class":75},[61,163057,22514],{"class":675},[61,163059,215],{"class":218},[61,163061,149],{"class":79},[61,163063,7899],{"class":116},[61,163065,22523],{"class":79},[61,163067,22526],{"class":218},[61,163069,149],{"class":79},[61,163071,85735],{"class":116},[61,163073,22523],{"class":79},[61,163075,215],{"class":218},[61,163077,120],{"class":75},[819,163079,163081],{"id":163080},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[52,163083,163085],{"className":54,"code":163084,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163086,163087,163119,163143,163147,163169],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163088,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163117],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163090,17463],{"class":67},[61,163092,72],{"class":71},[61,163094,76],{"class":75},[61,163096,215],{"class":214},[61,163098,12872],{"class":218},[61,163100,215],{"class":214},[61,163102,83],{"class":75},[61,163104,226],{"class":214},[61,163106,7899],{"class":218},[61,163108,215],{"class":214},[61,163110,83],{"class":75},[61,163112,226],{"class":214},[61,163114,16041],{"class":218},[61,163116,215],{"class":214},[61,163118,98],{"class":75},[61,163120,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163122,937],{"class":67},[61,163124,72],{"class":71},[61,163126,76],{"class":75},[61,163128,1461],{"class":79},[61,163130,83],{"class":75},[61,163132,226],{"class":214},[61,163134,13104],{"class":218},[61,163136,215],{"class":214},[61,163138,83],{"class":75},[61,163140,4145],{"class":1523},[61,163142,98],{"class":75},[61,163144,163145],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163146,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163148,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163150,9390],{"class":67},[61,163152,72],{"class":71},[61,163154,9395],{"class":109},[61,163156,113],{"class":75},[61,163158,64608],{"class":126},[61,163160,113],{"class":75},[61,163162,17144],{"class":116},[61,163164,83],{"class":75},[61,163166,4115],{"class":116},[61,163168,480],{"class":75},[61,163170,163171,163173,163175,163177],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163172,127],{"class":126},[61,163174,113],{"class":75},[61,163176,9429],{"class":116},[61,163178,120],{"class":75},[819,163180,163182],{"id":163181},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[52,163184,163186],{"className":54,"code":163185,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163187,163188,163208,163228,163232,163257],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163189,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163191,80873],{"class":67},[61,163193,72],{"class":71},[61,163195,76],{"class":75},[61,163197,447],{"class":79},[61,163199,83],{"class":75},[61,163201,452],{"class":79},[61,163203,83],{"class":75},[61,163205,8025],{"class":79},[61,163207,98],{"class":75},[61,163209,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163211,80894],{"class":67},[61,163213,72],{"class":71},[61,163215,76],{"class":75},[61,163217,447],{"class":79},[61,163219,83],{"class":75},[61,163221,9528],{"class":79},[61,163223,83],{"class":75},[61,163225,8025],{"class":79},[61,163227,98],{"class":75},[61,163229,163230],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163231,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163233,163234,163236,163238,163240,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163235,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163237,57112],{"class":67},[61,163239,83],{"class":75},[61,163241,163242],{"class":67}," b ",[61,163244,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163246,161586],{"class":126},[61,163248,113],{"class":75},[61,163250,111761],{"class":116},[61,163252,83],{"class":75},[61,163254,80937],{"class":116},[61,163256,8572],{"class":75},[61,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163260,8299],{"class":126},[61,163262,113],{"class":75},[61,163264,717],{"class":116},[61,163266,4916],{"class":71},[61,163268,2801],{"class":116},[61,163270,120],{"class":75},[14,163272,139],{},[52,163274,163276],{"className":54,"code":163275,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163277,163278,163282,163286],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163279,163280],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163281,1524],{"class":1523},[61,163283,163284],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163285,1529],{"class":1523},[61,163287,163288],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163289,1524],{"class":1523},[819,163291,163293],{"id":163292},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[52,163295,163297],{"className":54,"code":163296,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163298,163299,163334,163357,163361,163388],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163300,163301,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163321,163323,163325,163327,163330,163332],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163302,163303],{"class":67},"products ",[61,163305,72],{"class":71},[61,163307,76],{"class":75},[61,163309,215],{"class":214},[61,163311,25361],{"class":218},[61,163313,215],{"class":214},[61,163315,83],{"class":75},[61,163317,226],{"class":214},[61,163319,163320],{"class":218},"Pen",[61,163322,215],{"class":214},[61,163324,83],{"class":75},[61,163326,226],{"class":214},[61,163328,163329],{"class":218},"Bag",[61,163331,215],{"class":214},[61,163333,98],{"class":75},[61,163335,163336,163338,163340,163342,163345,163347,163350,163352,163355],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163337,83263],{"class":67},[61,163339,72],{"class":71},[61,163341,76],{"class":75},[61,163343,163344],{"class":79},"12.5",[61,163346,83],{"class":75},[61,163348,163349],{"class":79}," 1.2",[61,163351,83],{"class":75},[61,163353,163354],{"class":79}," 25.0",[61,163356,98],{"class":75},[61,163358,163359],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163360,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163362,163363,163365,163367,163369,163372,163374,163376,163378,163381,163383,163386],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163364,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163366,25422],{"class":67},[61,163368,83],{"class":75},[61,163370,163371],{"class":67}," price ",[61,163373,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163375,161586],{"class":126},[61,163377,113],{"class":75},[61,163379,163380],{"class":116},"products",[61,163382,83],{"class":75},[61,163384,163385],{"class":116}," prices",[61,163387,8572],{"class":75},[61,163389,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163391,8299],{"class":126},[61,163393,113],{"class":75},[61,163395,22514],{"class":675},[61,163397,215],{"class":218},[61,163399,149],{"class":79},[61,163401,27230],{"class":116},[61,163403,22523],{"class":79},[61,163405,163406],{"class":218}," costs $",[61,163408,149],{"class":79},[61,163410,25370],{"class":116},[61,163412,22523],{"class":79},[61,163414,215],{"class":218},[61,163416,120],{"class":75},[14,163418,36823,163419,26],{},[334,163420,163422],{"href":163421},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[47,163424,163426,163427],{"id":163425},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163428,64538],{},[819,163430,1864,163432,163434],{"id":163431},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163433,64538],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163436,163437,163439],{},[18,163438,64538],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163441,163442],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[52,163444,163446],{"className":54,"code":163445,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163447,163448],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163449,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163451,127],{"class":126},[61,163453,113],{"class":75},[61,163455,1948],{"class":126},[61,163457,113],{"class":75},[61,163459,111761],{"class":116},[61,163461,1362],{"class":75},[61,163463,38607],{"class":126},[61,163465,113],{"class":75},[61,163467,81160],{"class":116},[61,163469,480],{"class":75},[819,163471,163473],{"id":163472},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163475,69053],{},[52,163477,163479],{"className":54,"code":163478,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163480,163481,163517,163521,163534,163544,163548,163560],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163482,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163484,9440],{"class":67},[61,163486,72],{"class":71},[61,163488,161586],{"class":126},[61,163490,416],{"class":75},[61,163492,80],{"class":79},[61,163494,83],{"class":75},[61,163496,86],{"class":79},[61,163498,1316],{"class":75},[61,163500,76],{"class":75},[61,163502,215],{"class":214},[61,163504,334],{"class":218},[61,163506,215],{"class":214},[61,163508,83],{"class":75},[61,163510,226],{"class":214},[61,163512,765],{"class":218},[61,163514,215],{"class":214},[61,163516,1474],{"class":75},[61,163518,163519],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163520,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163522,163523,163525,163527,163529,163532],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163524,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163526,6189],{"class":67},[61,163528,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163530,163531],{"class":67}," pairs",[61,163533,6621],{"class":75},[61,163535,163536,163538,163540,163542],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163537,8299],{"class":126},[61,163539,113],{"class":75},[61,163541,23531],{"class":116},[61,163543,120],{"class":75},[61,163545,163546],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163547,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163549,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558],{"class":63,"line":3635},[61,163551,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163553,6189],{"class":67},[61,163555,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163557,163531],{"class":67},[61,163559,6621],{"class":75},[61,163561,163562,163564,163566,163568],{"class":63,"line":6643},[61,163563,8299],{"class":126},[61,163565,113],{"class":75},[61,163567,23531],{"class":116},[61,163569,120],{"class":75},[14,163571,163572],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[819,163574,163576],{"id":163575},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163578,163579],{},"This is correct:",[52,163581,163583],{"className":54,"code":163582,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163584,163585,163609,163625,163629,163653],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163586,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605,163607],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163588,5223],{"class":67},[61,163590,72],{"class":71},[61,163592,76],{"class":75},[61,163594,215],{"class":214},[61,163596,13104],{"class":218},[61,163598,215],{"class":214},[61,163600,83],{"class":75},[61,163602,226],{"class":214},[61,163604,36162],{"class":218},[61,163606,215],{"class":214},[61,163608,98],{"class":75},[61,163610,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163612,5292],{"class":67},[61,163614,72],{"class":71},[61,163616,76],{"class":75},[61,163618,13724],{"class":79},[61,163620,83],{"class":75},[61,163622,13729],{"class":79},[61,163624,98],{"class":75},[61,163626,163627],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163628,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163630,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163632,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163634,36213],{"class":67},[61,163636,83],{"class":75},[61,163638,5334],{"class":67},[61,163640,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163642,161586],{"class":126},[61,163644,113],{"class":75},[61,163646,5267],{"class":116},[61,163648,83],{"class":75},[61,163650,5339],{"class":116},[61,163652,8572],{"class":75},[61,163654,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665],{"class":63,"line":754},[61,163656,8299],{"class":126},[61,163658,113],{"class":75},[61,163660,7899],{"class":116},[61,163662,83],{"class":75},[61,163664,130874],{"class":116},[61,163666,120],{"class":75},[14,163668,163669],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[52,163671,163673],{"className":54,"code":163672,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163674,163675,163695],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163678,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163680,6189],{"class":67},[61,163682,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163684,161586],{"class":126},[61,163686,113],{"class":75},[61,163688,5267],{"class":116},[61,163690,83],{"class":75},[61,163692,5339],{"class":116},[61,163694,8572],{"class":75},[61,163696,163697,163699,163701,163703],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163698,8299],{"class":126},[61,163700,113],{"class":75},[61,163702,23531],{"class":116},[61,163704,120],{"class":75},[14,163706,139],{},[52,163708,163710],{"className":54,"code":163709,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163711,163712,163728],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163713,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163715,113],{"class":75},[61,163717,299],{"class":214},[61,163719,13104],{"class":218},[61,163721,299],{"class":214},[61,163723,83],{"class":75},[61,163725,20118],{"class":79},[61,163727,120],{"class":75},[61,163729,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163731,113],{"class":75},[61,163733,299],{"class":214},[61,163735,36162],{"class":218},[61,163737,299],{"class":214},[61,163739,83],{"class":75},[61,163741,13729],{"class":79},[61,163743,120],{"class":75},[14,163745,163746],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[819,163748,1750,163750,163752,163753],{"id":163749},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163751,64538],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163754,35970],{},[14,163756,165,163757,163759],{},[18,163758,64538],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163761,165,163762,163764],{},[18,163763,35970],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[52,163766,163767],{"className":54,"code":36139,"language":56,"meta":57,"style":57},[18,163768,163769,163801,163805,163825],{"__ignoreMap":57},[61,163770,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793,163795,163797,163799],{"class":63,"line":64},[61,163772,5223],{"class":67},[61,163774,72],{"class":71},[61,163776,76],{"class":75},[61,163778,215],{"class":214},[61,163780,13104],{"class":218},[61,163782,215],{"class":214},[61,163784,83],{"class":75},[61,163786,226],{"class":214},[61,163788,36162],{"class":218},[61,163790,215],{"class":214},[61,163792,83],{"class":75},[61,163794,226],{"class":214},[61,163796,36171],{"class":218},[61,163798,215],{"class":214},[61,163800,98],{"class":75},[61,163802,163803],{"class":63,"line":101},[61,163804,272],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":271},[61,163806,163807,163809,163811,163813,163815,163817,163819,163821,163823],{"class":63,"line":123},[61,163808,6186],{"class":1490},[61,163810,36042],{"class":67},[61,163812,83],{"class":75},[61,163814,36190],{"class":67},[61,163816,1433],{"class":1490},[61,163818,36052],{"class":126},[61,163820,113],{"class":75},[61,163822,5267],{"class":116},[61,163824,8572],{"class":75},[61,163826,163827,163829,163831,163833,163835,163837],{"class":63,"line":275},[61,163828,8299],{"class":126},[61,163830,113],{"class":75},[61,163832,36067],{"class":116},[61,163834,83],{"class":75},[61,163836,36213],{"class":116},[61,163838,120],{"class":75},[14,163840,163841,163842,26],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[334,163843,3808,163844,3741],{"href":92237},[18,163845,35970],{},[47,163847,1987],{"id":1986},[819,163849,5371,163851,5374],{"id":163850},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163852,64538],{},[14,163854,163855],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[819,163857,12927,163859,163861],{"id":163858},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163860,64538],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163863,163864],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[819,163866,163868,163869,2735],{"id":163867},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163870,64538],{},[14,163872,163873,163874,26],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163875,162481],{},[819,163877,163879,163880,2735],{"id":163878},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163881,64538],{},[14,163883,128239,163884,163886],{},[18,163885,162634],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[819,163888,163890],{"id":163889},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163892,163893],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[47,163895,2144],{"id":2143},[34,163897,163898,163903,163909,163913,163917],{},[37,163899,163900],{},[334,163901,163902],{"href":163421},"How to use zip in Python",[37,163904,163905],{},[334,163906,3808,163907,3741],{"href":92237},[18,163908,35970],{},[37,163910,163911],{},[334,163912,5445],{"href":5814},[37,163914,163915],{},[334,163916,69906],{"href":69829},[37,163918,163919],{},[334,163920,32481],{"href":31306},[2169,163922,163923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":57,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":163925},[163926,163927,163929,163930,163931,163932,163940,163946,163955,163966],{"id":49,"depth":101,"text":50},{"id":161645,"depth":101,"text":163928},"What zip() does",{"id":340,"depth":101,"text":341},{"id":162038,"depth":101,"text":162039},{"id":162215,"depth":101,"text":162216},{"id":162467,"depth":101,"text":163933,"children":163934},"Converting zip() output",[163935,163937,163939],{"id":162478,"depth":123,"text":163936},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162631,"depth":123,"text":163938},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162801,"depth":123,"text":162802},{"id":41267,"depth":101,"text":41268,"children":163941},[163942,163943,163944,163945],{"id":162963,"depth":123,"text":162964},{"id":163080,"depth":123,"text":163081},{"id":163181,"depth":123,"text":163182},{"id":163292,"depth":123,"text":163293},{"id":163425,"depth":101,"text":163947,"children":163948},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163949,163951,163952,163953],{"id":163431,"depth":123,"text":163950},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163472,"depth":123,"text":163473},{"id":163575,"depth":123,"text":163576},{"id":163749,"depth":123,"text":163954},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1986,"depth":101,"text":1987,"children":163956},[163957,163959,163961,163963,163965],{"id":163850,"depth":123,"text":163958},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163858,"depth":123,"text":163960},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163867,"depth":123,"text":163962},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163878,"depth":123,"text":163964},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163889,"depth":123,"text":163890},{"id":2143,"depth":101,"text":2144},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161487,"description":163967},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854259]