[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163563},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method":3,"nav-reference":1676},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1669,"extension":1670,"meta":1671,"navigation":102,"path":1672,"seo":1673,"stem":1674,"__hash__":1675},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1645},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,152,159,167,172,175,191,199,203,224,227,251,254,265,268,351,354,372,376,385,388,487,489,528,531,539,543,546,663,665,690,693,715,722,727,734,846,848,864,867,870,956,958,975,984,987,992,1000,1091,1093,1126,1131,1139,1216,1218,1235,1241,1245,1251,1267,1270,1302,1305,1368,1370,1500,1502,1554,1560,1564,1571,1574,1581,1584,1588,1591,1595,1598,1610,1614,1641],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-setintersection-method","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"set.intersection()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,27,28],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[30,31,36],"pre",{"className":32,"code":33,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n","python","",[15,37,38,73,97,104,131,145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40,43,47,51,55,59,62,65,67,70],"span",{"class":41,"line":42},"line",1,[39,44,46],{"class":45},"su5hD","a ",[39,48,50],{"class":49},"smGrS","=",[39,52,54],{"class":53},"sP7_E"," {",[39,56,58],{"class":57},"srdBf","1",[39,60,61],{"class":53},",",[39,63,64],{"class":57}," 2",[39,66,61],{"class":53},[39,68,69],{"class":57}," 3",[39,71,72],{"class":53},"}\n",[39,74,76,79,81,83,86,88,90,92,95],{"class":41,"line":75},2,[39,77,78],{"class":45},"b ",[39,80,50],{"class":49},[39,82,54],{"class":53},[39,84,85],{"class":57},"2",[39,87,61],{"class":53},[39,89,69],{"class":57},[39,91,61],{"class":53},[39,93,94],{"class":57}," 4",[39,96,72],{"class":53},[39,98,100],{"class":41,"line":99},3,[39,101,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},true,"\n",[39,105,107,110,112,115,118,122,125,128],{"class":41,"line":106},4,[39,108,109],{"class":45},"result ",[39,111,50],{"class":49},[39,113,114],{"class":45}," a",[39,116,117],{"class":53},".",[39,119,121],{"class":120},"slqww","intersection",[39,123,124],{"class":53},"(",[39,126,127],{"class":120},"b",[39,129,130],{"class":53},")\n",[39,132,134,138,140,143],{"class":41,"line":133},5,[39,135,137],{"class":136},"sptTA","print",[39,139,124],{"class":53},[39,141,142],{"class":120},"result",[39,144,130],{"class":53},[39,146,148],{"class":41,"line":147},6,[39,149,151],{"class":150},"sutJx","# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,153,154,155,158],{},"Use ",[15,156,157],{},"intersection()"," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[160,161,163,164,166],"h2",{"id":162},"what-the-intersection-method-does","What the ",[15,165,157],{}," method does",[20,168,169,171],{},[15,170,157],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,173,174],{},"Key points:",[176,177,178,182,185,188],"ul",{},[179,180,181],"li",{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[179,183,184],{},"It does not change the original set",[179,186,187],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[179,189,190],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,192,193,194,117],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[195,196,198],"a",{"href":197},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[160,200,202],{"id":201},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[30,204,206],{"className":32,"code":205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,207,208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,209,210,213,215,217,219,222],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,211,212],{"class":45},"set1",[39,214,117],{"class":53},[39,216,121],{"class":120},[39,218,124],{"class":53},[39,220,221],{"class":120},"set2",[39,223,130],{"class":53},[20,225,226],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[30,228,230],{"className":32,"code":229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,231,232],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,233,234,236,238,240,242,244,246,249],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,235,212],{"class":45},[39,237,117],{"class":53},[39,239,121],{"class":120},[39,241,124],{"class":53},[39,243,221],{"class":120},[39,245,61],{"class":53},[39,247,248],{"class":120}," set3",[39,250,130],{"class":53},[20,252,253],{},"Important notes:",[176,255,256,259,262],{},[179,257,258],{},"The result is always a new set",[179,260,261],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[179,263,264],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,266,267],{},"Example:",[30,269,271],{"className":32,"code":270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,272,273,297,319,323,341],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,274,275,277,279,281,283,285,287,289,291,293,295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,276,46],{"class":45},[39,278,50],{"class":49},[39,280,54],{"class":53},[39,282,58],{"class":57},[39,284,61],{"class":53},[39,286,64],{"class":57},[39,288,61],{"class":53},[39,290,69],{"class":57},[39,292,61],{"class":53},[39,294,94],{"class":57},[39,296,72],{"class":53},[39,298,299,301,303,305,308,310,312,314,317],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,300,78],{"class":45},[39,302,50],{"class":49},[39,304,54],{"class":53},[39,306,307],{"class":57},"3",[39,309,61],{"class":53},[39,311,94],{"class":57},[39,313,61],{"class":53},[39,315,316],{"class":57}," 5",[39,318,72],{"class":53},[39,320,321],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,322,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,324,325,327,329,331,333,335,337,339],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,326,109],{"class":45},[39,328,50],{"class":49},[39,330,114],{"class":45},[39,332,117],{"class":53},[39,334,121],{"class":120},[39,336,124],{"class":53},[39,338,127],{"class":120},[39,340,130],{"class":53},[39,342,343,345,347,349],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,344,137],{"class":136},[39,346,124],{"class":53},[39,348,142],{"class":120},[39,350,130],{"class":53},[20,352,353],{},"Output:",[30,355,357],{"className":32,"code":356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{3, 4}\n",[15,358,359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,360,361,364,366,368,370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,362,363],{"class":53},"{",[39,365,307],{"class":57},[39,367,61],{"class":53},[39,369,94],{"class":57},[39,371,72],{"class":53},[160,373,375],{"id":374},"return-value","Return value",[20,377,378,380,381,117],{},[15,379,157],{}," returns a ",[382,383,384],"strong",{},"set",[20,386,387],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[30,389,391],{"className":32,"code":390,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,392,393,413,433,437,455,459,469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,394,395,397,399,401,403,405,407,409,411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,396,46],{"class":45},[39,398,50],{"class":49},[39,400,54],{"class":53},[39,402,58],{"class":57},[39,404,61],{"class":53},[39,406,64],{"class":57},[39,408,61],{"class":53},[39,410,69],{"class":57},[39,412,72],{"class":53},[39,414,415,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,431],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,416,78],{"class":45},[39,418,50],{"class":49},[39,420,54],{"class":53},[39,422,85],{"class":57},[39,424,61],{"class":53},[39,426,69],{"class":57},[39,428,61],{"class":53},[39,430,94],{"class":57},[39,432,72],{"class":53},[39,434,435],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,436,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,438,439,441,443,445,447,449,451,453],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,440,109],{"class":45},[39,442,50],{"class":49},[39,444,114],{"class":45},[39,446,117],{"class":53},[39,448,121],{"class":120},[39,450,124],{"class":53},[39,452,127],{"class":120},[39,454,130],{"class":53},[39,456,457],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,458,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,460,461,463,465,467],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,462,137],{"class":136},[39,464,124],{"class":53},[39,466,142],{"class":120},[39,468,130],{"class":53},[39,470,472,474,476,480,482,484],{"class":41,"line":471},7,[39,473,137],{"class":136},[39,475,124],{"class":53},[39,477,479],{"class":478},"sZMiF","type",[39,481,124],{"class":53},[39,483,142],{"class":120},[39,485,486],{"class":53},"))\n",[20,488,353],{},[30,490,492],{"className":32,"code":491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,493,494,506],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,495,496,498,500,502,504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,497,363],{"class":53},[39,499,85],{"class":57},[39,501,61],{"class":53},[39,503,69],{"class":57},[39,505,72],{"class":53},[39,507,508,511,515,519,522,525],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,509,510],{"class":49},"\u003C",[39,512,514],{"class":513},"sbsja","class",[39,516,518],{"class":517},"sjJ54"," '",[39,520,384],{"class":521},"s_sjI",[39,523,524],{"class":517},"'",[39,526,527],{"class":49},">\n",[20,529,530],{},"Remember:",[176,532,533,536],{},[179,534,535],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[179,537,538],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[160,540,542],{"id":541},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,544,545],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[30,547,549],{"className":32,"code":548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,550,551,589,623,627,648,652],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,552,553,556,558,560,563,566,568,570,573,576,578,580,582,585,587],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,554,555],{"class":45},"colors1 ",[39,557,50],{"class":49},[39,559,54],{"class":53},[39,561,562],{"class":517},"\"",[39,564,565],{"class":521},"red",[39,567,562],{"class":517},[39,569,61],{"class":53},[39,571,572],{"class":517}," \"",[39,574,575],{"class":521},"blue",[39,577,562],{"class":517},[39,579,61],{"class":53},[39,581,572],{"class":517},[39,583,584],{"class":521},"green",[39,586,562],{"class":517},[39,588,72],{"class":53},[39,590,591,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,608,611,613,615,617,619,621],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,592,593],{"class":45},"colors2 ",[39,595,50],{"class":49},[39,597,54],{"class":53},[39,599,562],{"class":517},[39,601,584],{"class":521},[39,603,562],{"class":517},[39,605,61],{"class":53},[39,607,572],{"class":517},[39,609,610],{"class":521},"yellow",[39,612,562],{"class":517},[39,614,61],{"class":53},[39,616,572],{"class":517},[39,618,575],{"class":521},[39,620,562],{"class":517},[39,622,72],{"class":53},[39,624,625],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,626,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,628,629,632,634,637,639,641,643,646],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,630,631],{"class":45},"common_colors ",[39,633,50],{"class":49},[39,635,636],{"class":45}," colors1",[39,638,117],{"class":53},[39,640,121],{"class":120},[39,642,124],{"class":53},[39,644,645],{"class":120},"colors2",[39,647,130],{"class":53},[39,649,650],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,651,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,653,654,656,658,661],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,655,137],{"class":136},[39,657,124],{"class":53},[39,659,660],{"class":120},"common_colors",[39,662,130],{"class":53},[20,664,353],{},[30,666,668],{"className":32,"code":667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,669,670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,671,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,673,363],{"class":53},[39,675,524],{"class":517},[39,677,575],{"class":521},[39,679,524],{"class":517},[39,681,61],{"class":53},[39,683,518],{"class":517},[39,685,584],{"class":521},[39,687,524],{"class":517},[39,689,72],{"class":53},[20,691,692],{},"What happens here:",[176,694,695,701,705,710],{},[179,696,697,700],{},[15,698,699],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[179,702,703,700],{},[15,704,645],{},[179,706,707,709],{},[15,708,157],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[179,711,712,713],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,714,660],{},[160,716,718,719,721],{"id":717},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets","Using ",[15,720,157],{}," with multiple sets",[20,723,724,725,117],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,726,157],{},[20,728,729,730,733],{},"Only the values found in ",[382,731,732],{},"all"," inputs will be kept.",[30,735,737],{"className":32,"code":736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,738,739,763,787,809,813,836],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,740,741,743,745,747,749,751,753,755,757,759,761],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,742,46],{"class":45},[39,744,50],{"class":49},[39,746,54],{"class":53},[39,748,58],{"class":57},[39,750,61],{"class":53},[39,752,64],{"class":57},[39,754,61],{"class":53},[39,756,69],{"class":57},[39,758,61],{"class":53},[39,760,94],{"class":57},[39,762,72],{"class":53},[39,764,765,767,769,771,773,775,777,779,781,783,785],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,766,78],{"class":45},[39,768,50],{"class":49},[39,770,54],{"class":53},[39,772,85],{"class":57},[39,774,61],{"class":53},[39,776,69],{"class":57},[39,778,61],{"class":53},[39,780,94],{"class":57},[39,782,61],{"class":53},[39,784,316],{"class":57},[39,786,72],{"class":53},[39,788,789,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,807],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,790,791],{"class":45},"c ",[39,793,50],{"class":49},[39,795,54],{"class":53},[39,797,307],{"class":57},[39,799,61],{"class":53},[39,801,94],{"class":57},[39,803,61],{"class":53},[39,805,806],{"class":57}," 6",[39,808,72],{"class":53},[39,810,811],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,812,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,814,815,817,819,821,823,825,827,829,831,834],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,816,109],{"class":45},[39,818,50],{"class":49},[39,820,114],{"class":45},[39,822,117],{"class":53},[39,824,121],{"class":120},[39,826,124],{"class":53},[39,828,127],{"class":120},[39,830,61],{"class":53},[39,832,833],{"class":120}," c",[39,835,130],{"class":53},[39,837,838,840,842,844],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,839,137],{"class":136},[39,841,124],{"class":53},[39,843,142],{"class":120},[39,845,130],{"class":53},[20,847,353],{},[30,849,850],{"className":32,"code":356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,851,852],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,853,854,856,858,860,862],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,855,363],{"class":53},[39,857,307],{"class":57},[39,859,61],{"class":53},[39,861,94],{"class":57},[39,863,72],{"class":53},[20,865,866],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,868,869],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[30,871,873],{"className":32,"code":872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,874,875,899,903,946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,876,877,879,881,883,885,887,889,891,893,895,897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,878,46],{"class":45},[39,880,50],{"class":49},[39,882,54],{"class":53},[39,884,58],{"class":57},[39,886,61],{"class":53},[39,888,64],{"class":57},[39,890,61],{"class":53},[39,892,69],{"class":57},[39,894,61],{"class":53},[39,896,94],{"class":57},[39,898,72],{"class":53},[39,900,901],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,902,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,904,905,907,909,911,913,915,918,920,922,924,926,928,931,934,936,938,940,942,944],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,906,109],{"class":45},[39,908,50],{"class":49},[39,910,114],{"class":45},[39,912,117],{"class":53},[39,914,121],{"class":120},[39,916,917],{"class":53},"([",[39,919,85],{"class":57},[39,921,61],{"class":53},[39,923,94],{"class":57},[39,925,61],{"class":53},[39,927,806],{"class":57},[39,929,930],{"class":53},"],",[39,932,933],{"class":53}," (",[39,935,58],{"class":57},[39,937,61],{"class":53},[39,939,64],{"class":57},[39,941,61],{"class":53},[39,943,94],{"class":57},[39,945,486],{"class":53},[39,947,948,950,952,954],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,949,137],{"class":136},[39,951,124],{"class":53},[39,953,142],{"class":120},[39,955,130],{"class":53},[20,957,353],{},[30,959,961],{"className":32,"code":960,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 4}\n",[15,962,963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,964,965,967,969,971,973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,966,363],{"class":53},[39,968,85],{"class":57},[39,970,61],{"class":53},[39,972,94],{"class":57},[39,974,72],{"class":53},[160,976,978,980,981],{"id":977},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,979,157],{}," vs ",[15,982,983],{},"intersection_update()",[20,985,986],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[988,989,990],"h3",{"id":121},[15,991,157],{},[176,993,994,997],{},[179,995,996],{},"Returns a new set",[179,998,999],{},"Does not change the original set",[30,1001,1003],{"className":32,"code":1002,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1004,1005,1025,1045,1049,1067,1071,1081],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1006,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1008,46],{"class":45},[39,1010,50],{"class":49},[39,1012,54],{"class":53},[39,1014,58],{"class":57},[39,1016,61],{"class":53},[39,1018,64],{"class":57},[39,1020,61],{"class":53},[39,1022,69],{"class":57},[39,1024,72],{"class":53},[39,1026,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1028,78],{"class":45},[39,1030,50],{"class":49},[39,1032,54],{"class":53},[39,1034,85],{"class":57},[39,1036,61],{"class":53},[39,1038,69],{"class":57},[39,1040,61],{"class":53},[39,1042,94],{"class":57},[39,1044,72],{"class":53},[39,1046,1047],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1048,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1050,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1052,109],{"class":45},[39,1054,50],{"class":49},[39,1056,114],{"class":45},[39,1058,117],{"class":53},[39,1060,121],{"class":120},[39,1062,124],{"class":53},[39,1064,127],{"class":120},[39,1066,130],{"class":53},[39,1068,1069],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,1070,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1072,1073,1075,1077,1079],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,1074,137],{"class":136},[39,1076,124],{"class":53},[39,1078,195],{"class":120},[39,1080,130],{"class":53},[39,1082,1083,1085,1087,1089],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,1084,137],{"class":136},[39,1086,124],{"class":53},[39,1088,142],{"class":120},[39,1090,130],{"class":53},[20,1092,353],{},[30,1094,1096],{"className":32,"code":1095,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,1097,1098,1114],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1099,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1101,363],{"class":53},[39,1103,58],{"class":57},[39,1105,61],{"class":53},[39,1107,64],{"class":57},[39,1109,61],{"class":53},[39,1111,69],{"class":57},[39,1113,72],{"class":53},[39,1115,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1117,363],{"class":53},[39,1119,85],{"class":57},[39,1121,61],{"class":53},[39,1123,69],{"class":57},[39,1125,72],{"class":53},[988,1127,1129],{"id":1128},"intersection_update",[15,1130,983],{},[176,1132,1133,1136],{},[179,1134,1135],{},"Changes the original set",[179,1137,1138],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[30,1140,1142],{"className":32,"code":1141,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,1143,1144,1164,1184,1188,1202,1206],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1145,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1147,46],{"class":45},[39,1149,50],{"class":49},[39,1151,54],{"class":53},[39,1153,58],{"class":57},[39,1155,61],{"class":53},[39,1157,64],{"class":57},[39,1159,61],{"class":53},[39,1161,69],{"class":57},[39,1163,72],{"class":53},[39,1165,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1167,78],{"class":45},[39,1169,50],{"class":49},[39,1171,54],{"class":53},[39,1173,85],{"class":57},[39,1175,61],{"class":53},[39,1177,69],{"class":57},[39,1179,61],{"class":53},[39,1181,94],{"class":57},[39,1183,72],{"class":53},[39,1185,1186],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1187,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1189,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1191,195],{"class":45},[39,1193,117],{"class":53},[39,1195,1128],{"class":120},[39,1197,124],{"class":53},[39,1199,127],{"class":120},[39,1201,130],{"class":53},[39,1203,1204],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,1205,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1207,1208,1210,1212,1214],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,1209,137],{"class":136},[39,1211,124],{"class":53},[39,1213,195],{"class":120},[39,1215,130],{"class":53},[20,1217,353],{},[30,1219,1221],{"className":32,"code":1220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 3}\n",[15,1222,1223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1224,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1226,363],{"class":53},[39,1228,85],{"class":57},[39,1230,61],{"class":53},[39,1232,69],{"class":57},[39,1234,72],{"class":53},[20,1236,1237,1238,1240],{},"Choose ",[15,1239,157],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[160,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1246,1247,1248,1250],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1249,157],{},":",[176,1252,1253,1256,1259,1262],{},[179,1254,1255],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[179,1257,1258],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[179,1260,1261],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[179,1263,1264,1265],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,1266,157],{},[20,1268,1269],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[176,1271,1272,1277,1280,1299],{},[179,1273,718,1274,1276],{},[15,1275,157],{}," when order matters",[179,1278,1279],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[179,1281,1282,1283,1285,1286,1292,1293],{},"Confusing ",[15,1284,157],{}," with ",[195,1287,1289],{"href":1288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,1290,1291],{},"union()"," or ",[195,1294,1296],{"href":1295},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",[15,1297,1298],{},"difference()",[179,1300,1301],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,1303,1304],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[30,1306,1308],{"className":32,"code":1307,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,1309,1310,1321,1335,1353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1311,1312,1314,1316,1319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1313,137],{"class":136},[39,1315,124],{"class":53},[39,1317,1318],{"class":120},"my_set",[39,1320,130],{"class":53},[39,1322,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1324,137],{"class":136},[39,1326,124],{"class":53},[39,1328,479],{"class":478},[39,1330,124],{"class":53},[39,1332,142],{"class":120},[39,1334,486],{"class":53},[39,1336,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1338,137],{"class":136},[39,1340,124],{"class":53},[39,1342,212],{"class":120},[39,1344,117],{"class":53},[39,1346,121],{"class":120},[39,1348,124],{"class":53},[39,1350,221],{"class":120},[39,1352,486],{"class":53},[39,1354,1355,1357,1359,1362,1364,1366],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1356,137],{"class":136},[39,1358,124],{"class":53},[39,1360,1361],{"class":136},"len",[39,1363,124],{"class":53},[39,1365,142],{"class":120},[39,1367,486],{"class":53},[20,1369,267],{},[30,1371,1373],{"className":32,"code":1372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,1374,1375,1400,1421,1425,1445,1449,1460,1470,1485],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1376,1377,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1378,1379],{"class":45},"numbers ",[39,1381,50],{"class":49},[39,1383,54],{"class":53},[39,1385,58],{"class":57},[39,1387,61],{"class":53},[39,1389,64],{"class":57},[39,1391,61],{"class":53},[39,1393,64],{"class":57},[39,1395,61],{"class":53},[39,1397,69],{"class":57},[39,1399,72],{"class":53},[39,1401,1402,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1403,1404],{"class":45},"other ",[39,1406,50],{"class":49},[39,1408,54],{"class":53},[39,1410,85],{"class":57},[39,1412,61],{"class":53},[39,1414,69],{"class":57},[39,1416,61],{"class":53},[39,1418,94],{"class":57},[39,1420,72],{"class":53},[39,1422,1423],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1424,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1426,1427,1429,1431,1434,1436,1438,1440,1443],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1428,109],{"class":45},[39,1430,50],{"class":49},[39,1432,1433],{"class":45}," numbers",[39,1435,117],{"class":53},[39,1437,121],{"class":120},[39,1439,124],{"class":53},[39,1441,1442],{"class":120},"other",[39,1444,130],{"class":53},[39,1446,1447],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,1448,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1450,1451,1453,1455,1458],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,1452,137],{"class":136},[39,1454,124],{"class":53},[39,1456,1457],{"class":120},"numbers",[39,1459,130],{"class":53},[39,1461,1462,1464,1466,1468],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,1463,137],{"class":136},[39,1465,124],{"class":53},[39,1467,142],{"class":120},[39,1469,130],{"class":53},[39,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483],{"class":41,"line":1472},8,[39,1474,137],{"class":136},[39,1476,124],{"class":53},[39,1478,479],{"class":478},[39,1480,124],{"class":53},[39,1482,142],{"class":120},[39,1484,486],{"class":53},[39,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498],{"class":41,"line":1487},9,[39,1489,137],{"class":136},[39,1491,124],{"class":53},[39,1493,1361],{"class":136},[39,1495,124],{"class":53},[39,1497,142],{"class":120},[39,1499,486],{"class":53},[20,1501,353],{},[30,1503,1505],{"className":32,"code":1504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,1506,1507,1523,1535,1549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1508,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1510,363],{"class":53},[39,1512,58],{"class":57},[39,1514,61],{"class":53},[39,1516,64],{"class":57},[39,1518,61],{"class":53},[39,1520,69],{"class":57},[39,1522,72],{"class":53},[39,1524,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1526,363],{"class":53},[39,1528,85],{"class":57},[39,1530,61],{"class":53},[39,1532,69],{"class":57},[39,1534,72],{"class":53},[39,1536,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1538,510],{"class":49},[39,1540,514],{"class":513},[39,1542,518],{"class":517},[39,1544,384],{"class":521},[39,1546,524],{"class":517},[39,1548,527],{"class":49},[39,1550,1551],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1552,1553],{"class":57},"2\n",[20,1555,1556,1557,1559],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,1558,85],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[160,1561,1563],{"id":1562},"faq","FAQ",[988,1565,1567,1568,1570],{"id":1566},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set","Does ",[15,1569,157],{}," change the original set?",[20,1572,1573],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[988,1575,1577,1578,1580],{"id":1576},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets","Can ",[15,1579,157],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,1582,1583],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[988,1585,1587],{"id":1586},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,1589,1590],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[988,1592,1594],{"id":1593},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,1596,1597],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[30,1599,1601],{"className":32,"code":1600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n",[15,1602,1603],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1604,1605,1607],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1606,384],{"class":478},[39,1608,1609],{"class":53},"()\n",[160,1611,1613],{"id":1612},"see-also","See also",[176,1615,1616,1620,1628,1635],{},[179,1617,1618],{},[195,1619,198],{"href":197},[179,1621,1622],{},[195,1623,13,1624,1627],{"href":1288},[15,1625,1626],{},"set.union()"," method",[179,1629,1630],{},[195,1631,13,1632,1627],{"href":1295},[15,1633,1634],{},"set.difference()",[179,1636,1637],{},[195,1638,1640],{"href":1639},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python","How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1642,1643,1644],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":1646},[1647,1649,1650,1651,1652,1654,1659,1660,1668],{"id":162,"depth":75,"text":1648},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":717,"depth":75,"text":1653},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":977,"depth":75,"text":1655,"children":1656},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[1657,1658],{"id":121,"depth":99,"text":157},{"id":1128,"depth":99,"text":983},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":1661},[1662,1664,1666,1667],{"id":1566,"depth":99,"text":1663},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":1576,"depth":99,"text":1665},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":1586,"depth":99,"text":1587},{"id":1593,"depth":99,"text":1594},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":5,"description":1669},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",[1677,3272,4988,6685,8827,11024,12540,14712,16917,19373,21212,23776,25875,28157,30104,32014,34011,35451,37279,39803,41965,43194,44564,46212,48533,50377,52359,54053,55306,56999,58750,60722,62472,64572,65932,67883,69446,71437,73232,75132,77574,79652,82292,84320,86282,88470,90474,92787,94469,95914,97105,98282,100121,102545,104249,106263,107691,108936,110099,111481,113552,115449,117223,119089,121208,122948,124410,126004,127927,129604,131539,133028,135812,137389,138948,140976,142928,144391,145580,147466,148877,150573,152127,153549,154952,156850,159244,161075],{"id":1678,"title":1679,"body":1680,"description":3266,"extension":1670,"meta":3267,"navigation":102,"path":3268,"seo":3269,"stem":3270,"__hash__":3271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1681,"toc":3238},[1682,1685,1691,1694,1705,1708,1712,1775,1777,1797,1802,1806,1811,1814,1830,1833,1859,1862,1864,1867,1883,1886,1913,1915,1973,1975,1990,2000,2011,2015,2018,2072,2074,2094,2097,2121,2128,2132,2137,2143,2145,2182,2184,2193,2200,2218,2221,2233,2237,2242,2246,2249,2269,2271,2328,2330,2338,2341,2345,2377,2379,2387,2390,2394,2399,2447,2449,2457,2461,2521,2523,2531,2534,2538,2542,2545,2568,2577,2592,2643,2645,2660,2671,2675,2678,2706,2713,2717,2722,2763,2765,2776,2779,2822,2824,2832,2836,2841,2863,2865,2874,2883,2887,2892,2914,2916,2986,2988,3035,3038,3041,3044,3124,3126,3157,3159,3163,3166,3170,3173,3177,3180,3184,3196,3200,3203,3205,3235],[10,1683,1679],{"id":1684},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1686,22,1687,1690],{},[15,1688,1689],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1692,1693],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[176,1695,1696,1699,1702],{},[179,1697,1698],{},"a number without its negative sign",[179,1700,1701],{},"the distance between two numbers",[179,1703,1704],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1706,1707],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[160,1709,1711],{"id":1710},"quick-example","Quick example",[30,1713,1715],{"className":32,"code":1714,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1716,1717,1736,1751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1718,1719,1721,1723,1726,1728,1731,1734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1720,137],{"class":136},[39,1722,124],{"class":53},[39,1724,1725],{"class":136},"abs",[39,1727,124],{"class":53},[39,1729,1730],{"class":49},"-",[39,1732,1733],{"class":57},"7",[39,1735,486],{"class":53},[39,1737,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1749],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1739,137],{"class":136},[39,1741,124],{"class":53},[39,1743,1725],{"class":136},[39,1745,124],{"class":53},[39,1747,1748],{"class":57},"3.5",[39,1750,486],{"class":53},[39,1752,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1768,1770,1773],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1754,137],{"class":136},[39,1756,124],{"class":53},[39,1758,1725],{"class":136},[39,1760,124],{"class":53},[39,1762,1730],{"class":49},[39,1764,85],{"class":57},[39,1766,1767],{"class":49},"+",[39,1769,307],{"class":57},[39,1771,1772],{"class":513},"j",[39,1774,486],{"class":53},[20,1776,353],{},[30,1778,1780],{"className":32,"code":1779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1781,1782,1787,1792],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1783,1784],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1785,1786],{"class":57},"7\n",[39,1788,1789],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1790,1791],{"class":57},"3.5\n",[39,1793,1794],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1795,1796],{"class":57},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1798,154,1799,1801],{},[15,1800,1689],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[160,1803,1805],{"id":1804},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1807,1808,1810],{},[15,1809,1689],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1812,1813],{},"That means:",[176,1815,1816,1819,1822],{},[179,1817,1818],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[179,1820,1821],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[179,1823,1824,1827,1828],{},[15,1825,1826],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1829,1826],{},[20,1831,1832],{},"Examples:",[176,1834,1835,1844,1852],{},[179,1836,1837,1840,1841],{},[15,1838,1839],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1842,1843],{},"5",[179,1845,1846,1840,1849],{},[15,1847,1848],{},"abs(9)",[15,1850,1851],{},"9",[179,1853,1854,1840,1857],{},[15,1855,1856],{},"abs(0)",[15,1858,1826],{},[20,1860,1861],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[160,1863,202],{"id":201},[20,1865,1866],{},"The syntax is:",[30,1868,1870],{"className":32,"code":1869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abs(x)\n",[15,1871,1872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1873,1874,1876,1878,1881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1875,1725],{"class":136},[39,1877,124],{"class":53},[39,1879,1880],{"class":120},"x",[39,1882,130],{"class":53},[20,1884,1885],{},"Here:",[176,1887,1888,1905,1910],{},[179,1889,1890,1892,1893,1896,1897,1900,1901,1904],{},[15,1891,1880],{}," is usually an ",[15,1894,1895],{},"int",", ",[15,1898,1899],{},"float",", or ",[15,1902,1903],{},"complex"," number",[179,1906,1907,1909],{},[15,1908,1689],{}," returns a new value",[179,1911,1912],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1914,267],{},[30,1916,1918],{"className":32,"code":1917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1919,1920,1933,1949,1953,1963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1921,1922,1925,1927,1930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1923,1924],{"class":45},"number ",[39,1926,50],{"class":49},[39,1928,1929],{"class":49}," -",[39,1931,1932],{"class":57},"12\n",[39,1934,1935,1937,1939,1942,1944,1947],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1936,109],{"class":45},[39,1938,50],{"class":49},[39,1940,1941],{"class":136}," abs",[39,1943,124],{"class":53},[39,1945,1946],{"class":120},"number",[39,1948,130],{"class":53},[39,1950,1951],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,1952,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,1954,1955,1957,1959,1961],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,1956,137],{"class":136},[39,1958,124],{"class":53},[39,1960,1946],{"class":120},[39,1962,130],{"class":53},[39,1964,1965,1967,1969,1971],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,1966,137],{"class":136},[39,1968,124],{"class":53},[39,1970,142],{"class":120},[39,1972,130],{"class":53},[20,1974,353],{},[30,1976,1978],{"className":32,"code":1977,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-12\n12\n",[15,1979,1980,1986],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1981,1982,1984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1983,1730],{"class":49},[39,1985,1932],{"class":57},[39,1987,1988],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,1989,1932],{"class":57},[20,1991,1992,1993,1995,1996,1999],{},"Notice that ",[15,1994,1946],{}," is still ",[15,1997,1998],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2001,2002,2003,2010],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[195,2004,2006,2009],{"href":2005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2007,2008],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[160,2012,2014],{"id":2013},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2016,2017],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[30,2019,2021],{"className":32,"code":2020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2022,2023,2040,2055],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2024,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2026,137],{"class":136},[39,2028,124],{"class":53},[39,2030,1725],{"class":136},[39,2032,124],{"class":53},[39,2034,1730],{"class":49},[39,2036,2037],{"class":57},"10",[39,2039,486],{"class":53},[39,2041,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050,2053],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2043,137],{"class":136},[39,2045,124],{"class":53},[39,2047,1725],{"class":136},[39,2049,124],{"class":53},[39,2051,2052],{"class":57},"8",[39,2054,486],{"class":53},[39,2056,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2070],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2058,137],{"class":136},[39,2060,124],{"class":53},[39,2062,1725],{"class":136},[39,2064,124],{"class":53},[39,2066,1730],{"class":49},[39,2068,2069],{"class":57},"4.2",[39,2071,486],{"class":53},[20,2073,353],{},[30,2075,2077],{"className":32,"code":2076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2078,2079,2084,2089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2080,2081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2082,2083],{"class":57},"10\n",[39,2085,2086],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2087,2088],{"class":57},"8\n",[39,2090,2091],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2092,2093],{"class":57},"4.2\n",[20,2095,2096],{},"What each line does:",[176,2098,2099,2107,2114],{},[179,2100,2101,2104,2105],{},[15,2102,2103],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2106,2037],{},[179,2108,2109,2104,2112],{},[15,2110,2111],{},"abs(8)",[15,2113,2052],{},[179,2115,2116,2104,2119],{},[15,2117,2118],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2120,2069],{},[20,2122,2123,2124,117],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[195,2125,2127],{"href":2126},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[160,2129,2131],{"id":2130},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2133,2134,2136],{},[15,2135,1689],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2138,2139,2140,2142],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2141,1826],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2144,267],{},[30,2146,2148],{"className":32,"code":2147,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2149,2150,2167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2151,2152,2155,2157,2159,2162,2164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2153,2154],{"class":45},"value ",[39,2156,50],{"class":49},[39,2158,69],{"class":57},[39,2160,2161],{"class":49}," +",[39,2163,94],{"class":57},[39,2165,2166],{"class":513},"j\n",[39,2168,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2180],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2170,137],{"class":136},[39,2172,124],{"class":53},[39,2174,1725],{"class":136},[39,2176,124],{"class":53},[39,2178,2179],{"class":120},"value",[39,2181,486],{"class":53},[20,2183,353],{},[30,2185,2187],{"className":32,"code":2186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n",[15,2188,2189],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2190,2191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2192,2186],{"class":57},[20,2194,2195,2196,2199],{},"Why ",[15,2197,2198],{},"5.0","?",[176,2201,2202,2207,2213],{},[179,2203,2204,2205],{},"the real part is ",[15,2206,307],{},[179,2208,2209,2210],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2211,2212],{},"4",[179,2214,2215,2216],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2217,2198],{},[20,2219,2220],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[176,2222,2223,2230],{},[179,2224,2225,2227,2228],{},[15,2226,1689],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2229,1899],{},[179,2231,2232],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[160,2234,2236],{"id":2235},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2238,2239,2240,117],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2241,1689],{},[988,2243,2245],{"id":2244},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2247,2248],{},"A very common pattern is:",[30,2250,2252],{"className":32,"code":2251,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2253,2254],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2255,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264,2267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2257,1725],{"class":136},[39,2259,124],{"class":53},[39,2261,46],{"class":120},[39,2263,1730],{"class":49},[39,2265,2266],{"class":120}," b",[39,2268,130],{"class":53},[20,2270,267],{},[30,2272,2274],{"className":32,"code":2273,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2275,2276,2285,2294,2298,2317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2277,2278,2280,2282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2279,46],{"class":45},[39,2281,50],{"class":49},[39,2283,2284],{"class":57}," 3\n",[39,2286,2287,2289,2291],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2288,78],{"class":45},[39,2290,50],{"class":49},[39,2292,2293],{"class":57}," 10\n",[39,2295,2296],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2297,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,2299,2300,2303,2305,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,2301,2302],{"class":45},"distance ",[39,2304,50],{"class":49},[39,2306,1941],{"class":136},[39,2308,124],{"class":53},[39,2310,46],{"class":120},[39,2312,1730],{"class":49},[39,2314,2266],{"class":120},[39,2316,130],{"class":53},[39,2318,2319,2321,2323,2326],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,2320,137],{"class":136},[39,2322,124],{"class":53},[39,2324,2325],{"class":120},"distance",[39,2327,130],{"class":53},[20,2329,353],{},[30,2331,2332],{"className":32,"code":1786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2333,2334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2335,2336],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2337,1786],{"class":57},[20,2339,2340],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[988,2342,2344],{"id":2343},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[30,2346,2348],{"className":32,"code":2347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2349,2350,2362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2351,2352,2355,2357,2359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2353,2354],{"class":45},"temperature_change ",[39,2356,50],{"class":49},[39,2358,1929],{"class":49},[39,2360,2361],{"class":57},"6\n",[39,2363,2364,2366,2368,2370,2372,2375],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2365,137],{"class":136},[39,2367,124],{"class":53},[39,2369,1725],{"class":136},[39,2371,124],{"class":53},[39,2373,2374],{"class":120},"temperature_change",[39,2376,486],{"class":53},[20,2378,353],{},[30,2380,2381],{"className":32,"code":2361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2382,2383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2384,2385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2386,2361],{"class":57},[20,2388,2389],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[988,2391,2393],{"id":2392},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2395,2396,2397,2010],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2398,1689],{},[30,2400,2402],{"className":32,"code":2401,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2403,2404,2416,2432,2436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2405,2406,2409,2411,2413],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2407,2408],{"class":45},"balance_change ",[39,2410,50],{"class":49},[39,2412,1929],{"class":49},[39,2414,2415],{"class":57},"25\n",[39,2417,2418,2421,2423,2425,2427,2430],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2419,2420],{"class":45},"safe_value ",[39,2422,50],{"class":49},[39,2424,1941],{"class":136},[39,2426,124],{"class":53},[39,2428,2429],{"class":120},"balance_change",[39,2431,130],{"class":53},[39,2433,2434],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2435,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,2437,2438,2440,2442,2445],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,2439,137],{"class":136},[39,2441,124],{"class":53},[39,2443,2444],{"class":120},"safe_value",[39,2446,130],{"class":53},[20,2448,353],{},[30,2450,2451],{"className":32,"code":2415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2452,2453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2454,2455],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2456,2415],{"class":57},[988,2458,2460],{"id":2459},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[30,2462,2464],{"className":32,"code":2463,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2465,2466,2476,2486,2490,2510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2467,2468,2471,2473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2469,2470],{"class":45},"guess ",[39,2472,50],{"class":49},[39,2474,2475],{"class":57}," 42\n",[39,2477,2478,2481,2483],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2479,2480],{"class":45},"target ",[39,2482,50],{"class":49},[39,2484,2485],{"class":57}," 50\n",[39,2487,2488],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2489,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,2491,2492,2495,2497,2499,2501,2503,2505,2508],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,2493,2494],{"class":45},"difference ",[39,2496,50],{"class":49},[39,2498,1941],{"class":136},[39,2500,124],{"class":53},[39,2502,2470],{"class":120},[39,2504,1730],{"class":49},[39,2506,2507],{"class":120}," target",[39,2509,130],{"class":53},[39,2511,2512,2514,2516,2519],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,2513,137],{"class":136},[39,2515,124],{"class":53},[39,2517,2518],{"class":120},"difference",[39,2520,130],{"class":53},[20,2522,353],{},[30,2524,2525],{"className":32,"code":2088,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2526,2527],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2528,2529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2530,2088],{"class":57},[20,2532,2533],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[160,2535,2537],{"id":2536},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[988,2539,2541],{"id":2540},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2543,2544],{},"This causes an error:",[30,2546,2548],{"className":32,"code":2547,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2549,2550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2551,2552,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2553,137],{"class":136},[39,2555,124],{"class":53},[39,2557,1725],{"class":136},[39,2559,124],{"class":53},[39,2561,562],{"class":517},[39,2563,1843],{"class":521},[39,2565,562],{"class":517},[39,2567,486],{"class":53},[20,2569,2570,2573,2574,2576],{},[15,2571,2572],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2575,1689],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2578,2579,2580,1292,2586,1250],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[195,2581,2583],{"href":2582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2584,2585],{},"int()",[195,2587,2589],{"href":2588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2590,2591],{},"float()",[30,2593,2595],{"className":32,"code":2594,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2596,2597,2620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2598,2599,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2600,137],{"class":136},[39,2602,124],{"class":53},[39,2604,1725],{"class":136},[39,2606,124],{"class":53},[39,2608,1895],{"class":478},[39,2610,124],{"class":53},[39,2612,562],{"class":517},[39,2614,1843],{"class":521},[39,2616,562],{"class":517},[39,2618,2619],{"class":53},")))\n",[39,2621,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636,2639,2641],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2623,137],{"class":136},[39,2625,124],{"class":53},[39,2627,1725],{"class":136},[39,2629,124],{"class":53},[39,2631,1899],{"class":478},[39,2633,124],{"class":53},[39,2635,562],{"class":517},[39,2637,2638],{"class":521},"-3.2",[39,2640,562],{"class":517},[39,2642,2619],{"class":53},[20,2644,353],{},[30,2646,2648],{"className":32,"code":2647,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2649,2650,2655],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2651,2652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2653,2654],{"class":57},"5\n",[39,2656,2657],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2658,2659],{"class":57},"3.2\n",[20,2661,2662,2663,2666,2667,117],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2664,2665],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[195,2668,2670],{"href":2669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[988,2672,2674],{"id":2673},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2676,2677],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[30,2679,2681],{"className":32,"code":2680,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2682,2683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2684,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2686,137],{"class":136},[39,2688,124],{"class":53},[39,2690,1725],{"class":136},[39,2692,917],{"class":53},[39,2694,58],{"class":57},[39,2696,61],{"class":53},[39,2698,64],{"class":57},[39,2700,61],{"class":53},[39,2702,69],{"class":57},[39,2704,2705],{"class":53},"]))\n",[20,2707,2708,2709,2712],{},"This raises a ",[15,2710,2711],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[988,2714,2716],{"id":2715},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2718,2719,2721],{},[15,2720,1689],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[30,2723,2725],{"className":32,"code":2724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2726,2727,2739,2749,2753],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2728,2729,2732,2734,2736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2730,2731],{"class":45},"x ",[39,2733,50],{"class":49},[39,2735,1929],{"class":49},[39,2737,2738],{"class":57},"9\n",[39,2740,2741,2743,2745,2747],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2742,1725],{"class":136},[39,2744,124],{"class":53},[39,2746,1880],{"class":120},[39,2748,130],{"class":53},[39,2750,2751],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2752,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,2754,2755,2757,2759,2761],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,2756,137],{"class":136},[39,2758,124],{"class":53},[39,2760,1880],{"class":120},[39,2762,130],{"class":53},[20,2764,353],{},[30,2766,2768],{"className":32,"code":2767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-9\n",[15,2769,2770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2771,2772,2774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2773,1730],{"class":49},[39,2775,2738],{"class":57},[20,2777,2778],{},"If you want to store the result:",[30,2780,2782],{"className":32,"code":2781,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2783,2784,2794,2808,2812],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2785,2786,2788,2790,2792],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2787,2731],{"class":45},[39,2789,50],{"class":49},[39,2791,1929],{"class":49},[39,2793,2738],{"class":57},[39,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2797,2731],{"class":45},[39,2799,50],{"class":49},[39,2801,1941],{"class":136},[39,2803,124],{"class":53},[39,2805,1880],{"class":120},[39,2807,130],{"class":53},[39,2809,2810],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2811,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,2813,2814,2816,2818,2820],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,2815,137],{"class":136},[39,2817,124],{"class":53},[39,2819,1880],{"class":120},[39,2821,130],{"class":53},[20,2823,353],{},[30,2825,2826],{"className":32,"code":2738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2827,2828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2829,2830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2831,2738],{"class":57},[988,2833,2835],{"id":2834},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2837,2838,2840],{},[15,2839,1689],{}," does not round numbers.",[30,2842,2844],{"className":32,"code":2843,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2845,2846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2847,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856,2858,2861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2849,137],{"class":136},[39,2851,124],{"class":53},[39,2853,1725],{"class":136},[39,2855,124],{"class":53},[39,2857,1730],{"class":49},[39,2859,2860],{"class":57},"4.7",[39,2862,486],{"class":53},[20,2864,353],{},[30,2866,2868],{"className":32,"code":2867,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4.7\n",[15,2869,2870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2871,2872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2873,2867],{"class":57},[20,2875,2876,2877,2879,2880,2882],{},"If you expected ",[15,2878,1843],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2881,1689],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[160,2884,2886],{"id":2885},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2888,2889,2891],{},[15,2890,1689],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[176,2893,2894,2901,2908],{},[179,2895,2896,2898,2899],{},[15,2897,1895],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2900,1895],{},[179,2902,2903,2905,2906],{},[15,2904,1899],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2907,1899],{},[179,2909,2910,2905,2912],{},[15,2911,1903],{},[15,2913,1899],{},[20,2915,267],{},[30,2917,2919],{"className":32,"code":2918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2920,2921,2941,2962],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2922,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2924,137],{"class":136},[39,2926,124],{"class":53},[39,2928,479],{"class":478},[39,2930,124],{"class":53},[39,2932,1725],{"class":136},[39,2934,124],{"class":53},[39,2936,1730],{"class":49},[39,2938,1843],{"class":57},[39,2940,2619],{"class":53},[39,2942,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2960],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,2944,137],{"class":136},[39,2946,124],{"class":53},[39,2948,479],{"class":478},[39,2950,124],{"class":53},[39,2952,1725],{"class":136},[39,2954,124],{"class":53},[39,2956,1730],{"class":49},[39,2958,2959],{"class":57},"3.2",[39,2961,2619],{"class":53},[39,2963,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980,2982,2984],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,2965,137],{"class":136},[39,2967,124],{"class":53},[39,2969,479],{"class":478},[39,2971,124],{"class":53},[39,2973,1725],{"class":136},[39,2975,124],{"class":53},[39,2977,307],{"class":57},[39,2979,2161],{"class":49},[39,2981,94],{"class":57},[39,2983,1772],{"class":513},[39,2985,2619],{"class":53},[20,2987,353],{},[30,2989,2991],{"className":32,"code":2990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2992,2993,3007,3021],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2994,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2996,510],{"class":49},[39,2998,514],{"class":513},[39,3000,518],{"class":517},[39,3002,1895],{"class":521},[39,3004,524],{"class":517},[39,3006,527],{"class":49},[39,3008,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3010,510],{"class":49},[39,3012,514],{"class":513},[39,3014,518],{"class":517},[39,3016,1899],{"class":521},[39,3018,524],{"class":517},[39,3020,527],{"class":49},[39,3022,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3024,510],{"class":49},[39,3026,514],{"class":513},[39,3028,518],{"class":517},[39,3030,1899],{"class":521},[39,3032,524],{"class":517},[39,3034,527],{"class":49},[20,3036,3037],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3039,3040],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3042,3043],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[30,3045,3047],{"className":32,"code":3046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3048,3049,3063,3073,3087,3091,3105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3050,3051,3053,3055,3057,3060],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3052,2154],{"class":45},[39,3054,50],{"class":49},[39,3056,572],{"class":517},[39,3058,3059],{"class":521},"-5",[39,3061,3062],{"class":517},"\"\n",[39,3064,3065,3067,3069,3071],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3066,137],{"class":136},[39,3068,124],{"class":53},[39,3070,2179],{"class":120},[39,3072,130],{"class":53},[39,3074,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3076,137],{"class":136},[39,3078,124],{"class":53},[39,3080,479],{"class":478},[39,3082,124],{"class":53},[39,3084,2179],{"class":120},[39,3086,486],{"class":53},[39,3088,3089],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,3090,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,3092,3093,3096,3098,3100,3103],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,3094,3095],{"class":45},"user_input ",[39,3097,50],{"class":49},[39,3099,572],{"class":517},[39,3101,3102],{"class":521},"-3.7",[39,3104,3062],{"class":517},[39,3106,3107,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3122],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,3108,137],{"class":136},[39,3110,124],{"class":53},[39,3112,1725],{"class":136},[39,3114,124],{"class":53},[39,3116,1899],{"class":478},[39,3118,124],{"class":53},[39,3120,3121],{"class":120},"user_input",[39,3123,2619],{"class":53},[20,3125,353],{},[30,3127,3129],{"className":32,"code":3128,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3130,3131,3137,3152],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3132,3133,3135],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3134,1730],{"class":49},[39,3136,2654],{"class":57},[39,3138,3139,3141,3143,3145,3148,3150],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3140,510],{"class":49},[39,3142,514],{"class":513},[39,3144,518],{"class":517},[39,3146,3147],{"class":521},"str",[39,3149,524],{"class":517},[39,3151,527],{"class":49},[39,3153,3154],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3155,3156],{"class":57},"3.7\n",[160,3158,1563],{"id":1562},[988,3160,3162],{"id":3161},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3164,3165],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[988,3167,3169],{"id":3168},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3171,3172],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[988,3174,3176],{"id":3175},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3178,3179],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[988,3181,3183],{"id":3182},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3185,3186,3188,3189,1292,3191,3193,3194,117],{},[15,3187,2665],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3190,2585],{},[15,3192,2591],{}," before using ",[15,3195,1689],{},[988,3197,3199],{"id":3198},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3201,3202],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[160,3204,1613],{"id":1612},[176,3206,3207,3214,3220,3226,3231],{},[179,3208,3209],{},[195,3210,3211,3213],{"href":2582},[15,3212,2585],{}," function explained",[179,3215,3216],{},[195,3217,3218,3213],{"href":2588},[15,3219,2591],{},[179,3221,3222],{},[195,3223,3224,3213],{"href":2005},[15,3225,2008],{},[179,3227,3228],{},[195,3229,3230],{"href":2669},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[179,3232,3233],{},[195,3234,2127],{"href":2126},[1642,3236,3237],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":3239},[3240,3241,3242,3243,3244,3245,3251,3257,3258,3265],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":1804,"depth":75,"text":1805},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":2013,"depth":75,"text":2014},{"id":2130,"depth":75,"text":2131},{"id":2235,"depth":75,"text":2236,"children":3246},[3247,3248,3249,3250],{"id":2244,"depth":99,"text":2245},{"id":2343,"depth":99,"text":2344},{"id":2392,"depth":99,"text":2393},{"id":2459,"depth":99,"text":2460},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":3252},[3253,3254,3255,3256],{"id":2540,"depth":99,"text":2541},{"id":2673,"depth":99,"text":2674},{"id":2715,"depth":99,"text":2716},{"id":2834,"depth":99,"text":2835},{"id":2885,"depth":75,"text":2886},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":3259},[3260,3261,3262,3263,3264],{"id":3161,"depth":99,"text":3162},{"id":3168,"depth":99,"text":3169},{"id":3175,"depth":99,"text":3176},{"id":3182,"depth":99,"text":3183},{"id":3198,"depth":99,"text":3199},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1679,"description":3266},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3273,"title":3274,"body":3275,"description":4982,"extension":1670,"meta":4983,"navigation":102,"path":4984,"seo":4985,"stem":4986,"__hash__":4987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3276,"toc":4946},[3277,3284,3290,3293,3310,3314,3370,3380,3387,3391,3410,3413,3429,3432,3436,3444,3461,3464,3504,3507,3514,3520,3598,3600,3632,3638,3642,3646,3685,3687,3696,3703,3707,3746,3748,3757,3767,3771,3827,3829,3837,3840,3843,3890,3892,3900,3906,3913,3918,3921,3924,3990,3992,4000,4003,4070,4072,4080,4094,4097,4109,4113,4119,4122,4124,4140,4142,4150,4153,4156,4159,4176,4179,4182,4212,4214,4227,4229,4233,4236,4251,4256,4259,4286,4293,4296,4335,4342,4348,4356,4359,4411,4418,4482,4487,4496,4499,4517,4523,4526,4668,4674,4679,4682,4693,4696,4752,4754,4762,4765,4824,4826,4834,4837,4848,4850,4857,4866,4875,4878,4884,4887,4896,4909,4911,4943],[10,3278,13,3280,3283],{"id":3279},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3281,3282],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3285,3286,3287,3289],{},"Python’s ",[15,3288,3282],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3291,3292],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[176,3294,3295,3298,3301],{},[179,3296,3297],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[179,3299,3300],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[179,3302,3303,2104,3306,3309],{},[15,3304,3305],{},"all([])",[15,3307,3308],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[160,3311,3313],{"id":3312},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[30,3315,3317],{"className":32,"code":3316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3318,3319,3341,3356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3320,3321,3323,3325,3328,3330,3332,3334,3336,3338],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3322,1379],{"class":45},[39,3324,50],{"class":49},[39,3326,3327],{"class":53}," [",[39,3329,58],{"class":57},[39,3331,61],{"class":53},[39,3333,64],{"class":57},[39,3335,61],{"class":53},[39,3337,69],{"class":57},[39,3339,3340],{"class":53},"]\n",[39,3342,3343,3345,3347,3350,3352,3354],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3344,109],{"class":45},[39,3346,50],{"class":49},[39,3348,3349],{"class":136}," all",[39,3351,124],{"class":53},[39,3353,1457],{"class":120},[39,3355,130],{"class":53},[39,3357,3358,3360,3362,3364,3367],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3359,137],{"class":136},[39,3361,124],{"class":53},[39,3363,142],{"class":120},[39,3365,3366],{"class":53},")",[39,3368,3369],{"class":150},"  # True\n",[20,3371,3372,2104,3374,3376,3377,117],{},[15,3373,3282],{},[15,3375,3308],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3378,3379],{},"False",[160,3381,3383,3384,3386],{"id":3382},"what-all-does","What ",[15,3385,3282],{}," does",[20,3388,3389,1250],{},[15,3390,3282],{},[176,3392,3393,3396,3402,3407],{},[179,3394,3395],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[179,3397,3398,3399,3401],{},"returns ",[15,3400,3308],{}," if all items are truthy",[179,3403,3398,3404,3406],{},[15,3405,3379],{}," if any item is falsy",[179,3408,3409],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3411,3412],{},"Basic syntax:",[30,3414,3416],{"className":32,"code":3415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3417,3418],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3419,3420,3422,3424,3427],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3421,732],{"class":136},[39,3423,124],{"class":53},[39,3425,3426],{"class":120},"iterable",[39,3428,130],{"class":53},[20,3430,3431],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[160,3433,3435],{"id":3434},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3437,3438,3439,1292,3441,3443],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3440,3308],{},[15,3442,3379],{}," in conditions.",[176,3445,3446,3454],{},[179,3447,3448,3451,3452],{},[382,3449,3450],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3453,3308],{},[179,3455,3456,3451,3459],{},[382,3457,3458],{},"Falsy",[15,3460,3379],{},[20,3462,3463],{},"Common falsy values include:",[176,3465,3466,3470,3475,3480,3485,3489,3494,3499],{},[179,3467,3468],{},[15,3469,1826],{},[179,3471,3472],{},[15,3473,3474],{},"0.0",[179,3476,3477],{},[15,3478,3479],{},"''",[179,3481,3482],{},[15,3483,3484],{},"None",[179,3486,3487],{},[15,3488,3379],{},[179,3490,3491],{},[15,3492,3493],{},"[]",[179,3495,3496],{},[15,3497,3498],{},"{}",[179,3500,3501],{},[15,3502,3503],{},"set()",[20,3505,3506],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3508,3509,3510,117],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[195,3511,3513],{"href":3512},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3515,3516,3517,1250],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3518,3519],{},"bool()",[30,3521,3523],{"className":32,"code":3522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3524,3525,3563,3567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3526,3527,3530,3532,3534,3536,3538,3541,3543,3546,3548,3550,3553,3555,3557,3561],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3528,3529],{"class":45},"values ",[39,3531,50],{"class":49},[39,3533,3327],{"class":53},[39,3535,58],{"class":57},[39,3537,61],{"class":53},[39,3539,3540],{"class":57}," 0",[39,3542,61],{"class":53},[39,3544,3545],{"class":517}," ''",[39,3547,61],{"class":53},[39,3549,518],{"class":517},[39,3551,3552],{"class":521},"hello",[39,3554,524],{"class":517},[39,3556,61],{"class":53},[39,3558,3560],{"class":3559},"s39Yj"," None",[39,3562,3340],{"class":53},[39,3564,3565],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3566,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,3568,3569,3571,3573,3576,3578,3580,3582,3586,3589,3592,3595],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3570,137],{"class":136},[39,3572,917],{"class":53},[39,3574,3575],{"class":478},"bool",[39,3577,124],{"class":53},[39,3579,1880],{"class":120},[39,3581,3366],{"class":53},[39,3583,3585],{"class":3584},"sVHd0"," for",[39,3587,3588],{"class":120}," x ",[39,3590,3591],{"class":3584},"in",[39,3593,3594],{"class":120}," values",[39,3596,3597],{"class":53},"])\n",[20,3599,353],{},[30,3601,3603],{"className":32,"code":3602,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3604,3605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3606,3607,3610,3612,3614,3617,3619,3621,3623,3626,3628,3630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3608,3609],{"class":53},"[",[39,3611,3308],{"class":3559},[39,3613,61],{"class":53},[39,3615,3616],{"class":3559}," False",[39,3618,61],{"class":53},[39,3620,3616],{"class":3559},[39,3622,61],{"class":53},[39,3624,3625],{"class":3559}," True",[39,3627,61],{"class":53},[39,3629,3616],{"class":3559},[39,3631,3340],{"class":53},[20,3633,3634,3635,3637],{},"This matters because ",[15,3636,3282],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[160,3639,3641],{"id":3640},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[988,3643,3645],{"id":3644},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[30,3647,3649],{"className":32,"code":3648,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3650,3651,3671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3652,3653,3655,3657,3659,3661,3663,3665,3667,3669],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3654,1379],{"class":45},[39,3656,50],{"class":49},[39,3658,3327],{"class":53},[39,3660,58],{"class":57},[39,3662,61],{"class":53},[39,3664,64],{"class":57},[39,3666,61],{"class":53},[39,3668,69],{"class":57},[39,3670,3340],{"class":53},[39,3672,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3674,137],{"class":136},[39,3676,124],{"class":53},[39,3678,732],{"class":136},[39,3680,124],{"class":53},[39,3682,1457],{"class":120},[39,3684,486],{"class":53},[20,3686,353],{},[30,3688,3690],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n",[15,3691,3692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3693,3694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3695,3689],{"class":3559},[20,3697,3698,3699,2104,3701,117],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3700,3282],{},[15,3702,3308],{},[988,3704,3706],{"id":3705},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[30,3708,3710],{"className":32,"code":3709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3711,3712,3732],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3713,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3715,1379],{"class":45},[39,3717,50],{"class":49},[39,3719,3327],{"class":53},[39,3721,58],{"class":57},[39,3723,61],{"class":53},[39,3725,3540],{"class":57},[39,3727,61],{"class":53},[39,3729,69],{"class":57},[39,3731,3340],{"class":53},[39,3733,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3735,137],{"class":136},[39,3737,124],{"class":53},[39,3739,732],{"class":136},[39,3741,124],{"class":53},[39,3743,1457],{"class":120},[39,3745,486],{"class":53},[20,3747,353],{},[30,3749,3751],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\n",[15,3752,3753],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3754,3755],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3756,3750],{"class":3559},[20,3758,3759,3760,3762,3763,2104,3765,117],{},"The value ",[15,3761,1826],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3764,3282],{},[15,3766,3379],{},[988,3768,3770],{"id":3769},"example-strings","Example: strings",[30,3772,3774],{"className":32,"code":3773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3775,3776,3812],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3777,3778,3781,3783,3785,3787,3790,3792,3794,3796,3799,3801,3803,3805,3808,3810],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3779,3780],{"class":45},"words ",[39,3782,50],{"class":49},[39,3784,3327],{"class":53},[39,3786,524],{"class":517},[39,3788,3789],{"class":521},"apple",[39,3791,524],{"class":517},[39,3793,61],{"class":53},[39,3795,518],{"class":517},[39,3797,3798],{"class":521},"banana",[39,3800,524],{"class":517},[39,3802,61],{"class":53},[39,3804,518],{"class":517},[39,3806,3807],{"class":521},"cherry",[39,3809,524],{"class":517},[39,3811,3340],{"class":53},[39,3813,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822,3825],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3815,137],{"class":136},[39,3817,124],{"class":53},[39,3819,732],{"class":136},[39,3821,124],{"class":53},[39,3823,3824],{"class":120},"words",[39,3826,486],{"class":53},[20,3828,353],{},[30,3830,3831],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3832,3833],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3834,3835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3836,3689],{"class":3559},[20,3838,3839],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3841,3842],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[30,3844,3846],{"className":32,"code":3845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3847,3848,3876],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3849,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3851,3780],{"class":45},[39,3853,50],{"class":49},[39,3855,3327],{"class":53},[39,3857,524],{"class":517},[39,3859,3789],{"class":521},[39,3861,524],{"class":517},[39,3863,61],{"class":53},[39,3865,3545],{"class":517},[39,3867,61],{"class":53},[39,3869,518],{"class":517},[39,3871,3807],{"class":521},[39,3873,524],{"class":517},[39,3875,3340],{"class":53},[39,3877,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3879,137],{"class":136},[39,3881,124],{"class":53},[39,3883,732],{"class":136},[39,3885,124],{"class":53},[39,3887,3824],{"class":120},[39,3889,486],{"class":53},[20,3891,353],{},[30,3893,3894],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3895,3896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3897,3898],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3899,3750],{"class":3559},[20,3901,3902,3903,3905],{},"The empty string ",[15,3904,3479],{}," is falsy.",[160,3907,3909,3910,3912],{"id":3908},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3911,3282],{}," works with conditions",[20,3914,3915,3917],{},[15,3916,3282],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3919,3920],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3922,3923],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[30,3925,3927],{"className":32,"code":3926,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3928,3929,3949,3976,3980],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3930,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945,3947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3932,1379],{"class":45},[39,3934,50],{"class":49},[39,3936,3327],{"class":53},[39,3938,58],{"class":57},[39,3940,61],{"class":53},[39,3942,64],{"class":57},[39,3944,61],{"class":53},[39,3946,69],{"class":57},[39,3948,3340],{"class":53},[39,3950,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,3952,109],{"class":45},[39,3954,50],{"class":49},[39,3956,3349],{"class":136},[39,3958,124],{"class":53},[39,3960,2731],{"class":120},[39,3962,3963],{"class":49},">",[39,3965,3540],{"class":57},[39,3967,3585],{"class":3584},[39,3969,3588],{"class":120},[39,3971,3591],{"class":3584},[39,3973,1433],{"class":120},[39,3975,130],{"class":53},[39,3977,3978],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,3979,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,3981,3982,3984,3986,3988],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,3983,137],{"class":136},[39,3985,124],{"class":53},[39,3987,142],{"class":120},[39,3989,130],{"class":53},[20,3991,353],{},[30,3993,3994],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3995,3996],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3997,3998],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3999,3689],{"class":3559},[20,4001,4002],{},"Here is one that fails:",[30,4004,4006],{"className":32,"code":4005,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4007,4008,4030,4056,4060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4009,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4011,1379],{"class":45},[39,4013,50],{"class":49},[39,4015,3327],{"class":53},[39,4017,58],{"class":57},[39,4019,61],{"class":53},[39,4021,1929],{"class":49},[39,4023,85],{"class":57},[39,4025,61],{"class":53},[39,4027,69],{"class":57},[39,4029,3340],{"class":53},[39,4031,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052,4054],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4033,109],{"class":45},[39,4035,50],{"class":49},[39,4037,3349],{"class":136},[39,4039,124],{"class":53},[39,4041,2731],{"class":120},[39,4043,3963],{"class":49},[39,4045,3540],{"class":57},[39,4047,3585],{"class":3584},[39,4049,3588],{"class":120},[39,4051,3591],{"class":3584},[39,4053,1433],{"class":120},[39,4055,130],{"class":53},[39,4057,4058],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,4059,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,4061,4062,4064,4066,4068],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,4063,137],{"class":136},[39,4065,124],{"class":53},[39,4067,142],{"class":120},[39,4069,130],{"class":53},[20,4071,353],{},[30,4073,4074],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4075,4076],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4077,4078],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4079,3750],{"class":3559},[20,4081,4082,4083,4086,4087,4089,4090,2104,4092,117],{},"The expression ",[15,4084,4085],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4088,3308],{},", then ",[15,4091,3282],{},[15,4093,3308],{},[20,4095,4096],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4098,4099,4100,4104,4105,117],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[195,4101,4103],{"href":4102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[195,4106,4108],{"href":4107},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[160,4110,4112],{"id":4111},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4114,4115,2104,4117,117],{},[15,4116,3305],{},[15,4118,3308],{},[20,4120,4121],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4123,267],{},[30,4125,4127],{"className":32,"code":4126,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4128,4129],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4130,4131,4133,4135,4137],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4132,137],{"class":136},[39,4134,124],{"class":53},[39,4136,732],{"class":136},[39,4138,4139],{"class":53},"([]))\n",[20,4141,353],{},[30,4143,4144],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4145,4146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4147,4148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4149,3689],{"class":3559},[20,4151,4152],{},"Why?",[20,4154,4155],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4157,4158],{},"Think of it this way:",[176,4160,4161,4168,4171],{},[179,4162,4163,2104,4165,4167],{},[15,4164,3282],{},[15,4166,3379],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[179,4169,4170],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[179,4172,4173,4174],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4175,3379],{},[20,4177,4178],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4180,4181],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[30,4183,4185],{"className":32,"code":4184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4186,4187,4198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4188,4189,4191,4193,4195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4190,137],{"class":136},[39,4192,124],{"class":53},[39,4194,732],{"class":136},[39,4196,4197],{"class":53},"(()))\n",[39,4199,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4201,137],{"class":136},[39,4203,124],{"class":53},[39,4205,732],{"class":136},[39,4207,124],{"class":53},[39,4209,3479],{"class":517},[39,4211,486],{"class":53},[20,4213,353],{},[30,4215,4217],{"className":32,"code":4216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4218,4219,4223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4220,4221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4222,3689],{"class":3559},[39,4224,4225],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4226,3689],{"class":3559},[160,4228,1244],{"id":1243},[988,4230,4232],{"id":4231},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4234,4235],{},"This is wrong:",[30,4237,4239],{"className":32,"code":4238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4240,4241,4246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4242,4243],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4244,4245],{"class":150},"# Wrong\n",[39,4247,4248],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4249,4250],{"class":150},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4252,4253,4255],{},[15,4254,3282],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4257,4258],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[30,4260,4262],{"className":32,"code":4261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4263,4264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4265,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4267,137],{"class":136},[39,4269,124],{"class":53},[39,4271,732],{"class":136},[39,4273,917],{"class":53},[39,4275,58],{"class":57},[39,4277,61],{"class":53},[39,4279,64],{"class":57},[39,4281,61],{"class":53},[39,4283,69],{"class":57},[39,4285,2705],{"class":53},[988,4287,4289,4290,4292],{"id":4288},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4291,3282],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4294,4295],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[30,4297,4299],{"className":32,"code":4298,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4300,4301,4321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4302,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4304,1379],{"class":45},[39,4306,50],{"class":49},[39,4308,3327],{"class":53},[39,4310,1843],{"class":57},[39,4312,61],{"class":53},[39,4314,316],{"class":57},[39,4316,61],{"class":53},[39,4318,316],{"class":57},[39,4320,3340],{"class":53},[39,4322,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4324,137],{"class":136},[39,4326,124],{"class":53},[39,4328,732],{"class":136},[39,4330,124],{"class":53},[39,4332,1457],{"class":120},[39,4334,486],{"class":53},[20,4336,4337,4338,4341],{},"This does ",[382,4339,4340],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4343,4344,4345,4347],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4346,1843],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[30,4349,4350],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4351,4352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4353,4354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4355,3689],{"class":3559},[20,4357,4358],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[30,4360,4362],{"className":32,"code":4361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4363,4364,4384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4365,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4367,1379],{"class":45},[39,4369,50],{"class":49},[39,4371,3327],{"class":53},[39,4373,1843],{"class":57},[39,4375,61],{"class":53},[39,4377,316],{"class":57},[39,4379,61],{"class":53},[39,4381,316],{"class":57},[39,4383,3340],{"class":53},[39,4385,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4387,137],{"class":136},[39,4389,124],{"class":53},[39,4391,732],{"class":136},[39,4393,124],{"class":53},[39,4395,2731],{"class":120},[39,4397,4398],{"class":49},"==",[39,4400,316],{"class":57},[39,4402,3585],{"class":3584},[39,4404,3588],{"class":120},[39,4406,3591],{"class":3584},[39,4408,1433],{"class":120},[39,4410,486],{"class":53},[988,4412,4414,4415,4417],{"id":4413},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4416,1826],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[30,4419,4421],{"className":32,"code":4420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4422,4423,4449],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4424,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4426,137],{"class":136},[39,4428,124],{"class":53},[39,4430,732],{"class":136},[39,4432,917],{"class":53},[39,4434,58],{"class":57},[39,4436,61],{"class":53},[39,4438,64],{"class":57},[39,4440,61],{"class":53},[39,4442,3540],{"class":57},[39,4444,4445],{"class":53},"]))",[39,4447,4448],{"class":150},"       # False\n",[39,4450,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4452,137],{"class":136},[39,4454,124],{"class":53},[39,4456,732],{"class":136},[39,4458,917],{"class":53},[39,4460,524],{"class":517},[39,4462,195],{"class":521},[39,4464,524],{"class":517},[39,4466,61],{"class":53},[39,4468,518],{"class":517},[39,4470,127],{"class":521},[39,4472,524],{"class":517},[39,4474,61],{"class":53},[39,4476,3545],{"class":517},[39,4478,4445],{"class":53},[39,4480,4481],{"class":150},"  # False\n",[20,4483,4484,4485,117],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4486,3379],{},[988,4488,4490,4491,4493,4494],{"id":4489},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4492,3305],{}," is ",[15,4495,3308],{},[20,4497,4498],{},"This is expected behavior:",[30,4500,4502],{"className":32,"code":4501,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4503,4504],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4505,4506,4508,4510,4512,4515],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4507,137],{"class":136},[39,4509,124],{"class":53},[39,4511,732],{"class":136},[39,4513,4514],{"class":53},"([]))",[39,4516,3369],{"class":150},[20,4518,4519,4520,4522],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4521,3308],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4524,4525],{},"Useful quick tests:",[30,4527,4529],{"className":32,"code":4528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4530,4531,4553,4575,4622,4658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4532,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4534,137],{"class":136},[39,4536,124],{"class":53},[39,4538,732],{"class":136},[39,4540,917],{"class":53},[39,4542,58],{"class":57},[39,4544,61],{"class":53},[39,4546,64],{"class":57},[39,4548,61],{"class":53},[39,4550,69],{"class":57},[39,4552,2705],{"class":53},[39,4554,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4556,137],{"class":136},[39,4558,124],{"class":53},[39,4560,732],{"class":136},[39,4562,917],{"class":53},[39,4564,58],{"class":57},[39,4566,61],{"class":53},[39,4568,3540],{"class":57},[39,4570,61],{"class":53},[39,4572,69],{"class":57},[39,4574,2705],{"class":53},[39,4576,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,4578,137],{"class":136},[39,4580,917],{"class":53},[39,4582,3575],{"class":478},[39,4584,124],{"class":53},[39,4586,1880],{"class":120},[39,4588,3366],{"class":53},[39,4590,3585],{"class":3584},[39,4592,3588],{"class":120},[39,4594,3591],{"class":3584},[39,4596,3327],{"class":53},[39,4598,58],{"class":57},[39,4600,61],{"class":53},[39,4602,3540],{"class":57},[39,4604,61],{"class":53},[39,4606,3545],{"class":517},[39,4608,61],{"class":53},[39,4610,518],{"class":517},[39,4612,3552],{"class":521},[39,4614,524],{"class":517},[39,4616,61],{"class":53},[39,4618,3560],{"class":3559},[39,4620,4621],{"class":53},"]])\n",[39,4623,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,4625,137],{"class":136},[39,4627,124],{"class":53},[39,4629,732],{"class":136},[39,4631,124],{"class":53},[39,4633,2731],{"class":120},[39,4635,3963],{"class":49},[39,4637,3540],{"class":57},[39,4639,3585],{"class":3584},[39,4641,3588],{"class":120},[39,4643,3591],{"class":3584},[39,4645,3327],{"class":53},[39,4647,58],{"class":57},[39,4649,61],{"class":53},[39,4651,64],{"class":57},[39,4653,61],{"class":53},[39,4655,69],{"class":57},[39,4657,2705],{"class":53},[39,4659,4660,4662,4664,4666],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,4661,137],{"class":136},[39,4663,124],{"class":53},[39,4665,732],{"class":136},[39,4667,4139],{"class":53},[160,4669,4671,4672],{"id":4670},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4673,3282],{},[20,4675,4676,4678],{},[15,4677,3282],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4680,4681],{},"Common use cases:",[176,4683,4684,4687,4690],{},[179,4685,4686],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[179,4688,4689],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[179,4691,4692],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4694,4695],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[30,4697,4699],{"className":32,"code":4698,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4700,4701,4737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4702,4703,4706,4708,4710,4712,4715,4717,4719,4721,4724,4726,4728,4730,4733,4735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4704,4705],{"class":45},"names ",[39,4707,50],{"class":49},[39,4709,3327],{"class":53},[39,4711,524],{"class":517},[39,4713,4714],{"class":521},"Alice",[39,4716,524],{"class":517},[39,4718,61],{"class":53},[39,4720,518],{"class":517},[39,4722,4723],{"class":521},"Bob",[39,4725,524],{"class":517},[39,4727,61],{"class":53},[39,4729,518],{"class":517},[39,4731,4732],{"class":521},"Charlie",[39,4734,524],{"class":517},[39,4736,3340],{"class":53},[39,4738,4739,4741,4743,4745,4747,4750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4740,137],{"class":136},[39,4742,124],{"class":53},[39,4744,732],{"class":136},[39,4746,124],{"class":53},[39,4748,4749],{"class":120},"names",[39,4751,486],{"class":53},[20,4753,353],{},[30,4755,4756],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4757,4758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4759,4760],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4761,3689],{"class":3559},[20,4763,4764],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[30,4766,4768],{"className":32,"code":4767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4769,4770,4794],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4771,4772,4775,4777,4779,4782,4784,4787,4789,4792],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4773,4774],{"class":45},"scores ",[39,4776,50],{"class":49},[39,4778,3327],{"class":53},[39,4780,4781],{"class":57},"75",[39,4783,61],{"class":53},[39,4785,4786],{"class":57}," 80",[39,4788,61],{"class":53},[39,4790,4791],{"class":57}," 50",[39,4793,3340],{"class":53},[39,4795,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4807,4810,4812,4814,4817,4819,4822],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,4797,137],{"class":136},[39,4799,124],{"class":53},[39,4801,732],{"class":136},[39,4803,124],{"class":53},[39,4805,4806],{"class":120},"score ",[39,4808,4809],{"class":49},">=",[39,4811,4791],{"class":57},[39,4813,3585],{"class":3584},[39,4815,4816],{"class":120}," score ",[39,4818,3591],{"class":3584},[39,4820,4821],{"class":120}," scores",[39,4823,486],{"class":53},[20,4825,353],{},[30,4827,4828],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4829,4830],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4831,4832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4833,3689],{"class":3559},[20,4835,4836],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4838,4839,4840,4104,4844,117],{},"For related tasks, see ",[195,4841,4843],{"href":4842},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[195,4845,4847],{"href":4846},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[160,4849,1563],{"id":1562},[988,4851,4853,4854,4856],{"id":4852},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4855,3282],{}," return in Python?",[20,4858,4859,4860,4862,4863,4865],{},"It returns ",[15,4861,3308],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4864,3379],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[988,4867,4869,4870,4872,4873,2199],{"id":4868},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4871,3305],{}," return ",[15,4874,3308],{},[20,4876,4877],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[988,4879,1577,4881,4883],{"id":4880},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4882,3282],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4885,4886],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[988,4888,4890,4891,4104,4893,2199],{"id":4889},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4892,3282],{},[15,4894,4895],{},"any()",[20,4897,4898,4900,4901,4903,4904,117],{},[15,4899,3282],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4902,4895],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[195,4905,13,4907,3213],{"href":4906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4908,4895],{},[160,4910,1613],{"id":1612},[176,4912,4913,4919,4923,4928,4933,4938],{},[179,4914,4915],{},[195,4916,13,4917,3213],{"href":4906},[15,4918,4895],{},[179,4920,4921],{},[195,4922,3513],{"href":3512},[179,4924,4925],{},[195,4926,4927],{"href":4846},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[179,4929,4930],{},[195,4931,4932],{"href":4842},"How to filter a list in Python",[179,4934,4935],{},[195,4936,4937],{"href":4102},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[179,4939,4940],{},[195,4941,4942],{"href":4107},"What is an iterable in Python",[1642,4944,4945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":4947},[4948,4949,4951,4952,4957,4959,4960,4969,4971,4981],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":3382,"depth":75,"text":4950},"What all() does",{"id":3434,"depth":75,"text":3435},{"id":3640,"depth":75,"text":3641,"children":4953},[4954,4955,4956],{"id":3644,"depth":99,"text":3645},{"id":3705,"depth":99,"text":3706},{"id":3769,"depth":99,"text":3770},{"id":3908,"depth":75,"text":4958},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4111,"depth":75,"text":4112},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":4961},[4962,4963,4965,4967],{"id":4231,"depth":99,"text":4232},{"id":4288,"depth":99,"text":4964},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4413,"depth":99,"text":4966},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4489,"depth":99,"text":4968},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4670,"depth":75,"text":4970},"When to use all()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":4972},[4973,4975,4977,4979],{"id":4852,"depth":99,"text":4974},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4868,"depth":99,"text":4976},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4880,"depth":99,"text":4978},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4889,"depth":99,"text":4980},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3274,"description":4982},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4989,"title":4990,"body":4991,"description":6680,"extension":1670,"meta":6681,"navigation":102,"path":4906,"seo":6682,"stem":6683,"__hash__":6684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4992,"toc":6658},[4993,4996,5004,5007,5024,5032,5076,5085,5089,5094,5097,5114,5117,5128,5140,5144,5147,5162,5167,5170,5182,5185,5270,5273,5294,5300,5302,5310,5324,5326,5360,5362,5365,5426,5428,5445,5448,5475,5477,5485,5497,5501,5504,5543,5545,5553,5555,5571,5579,5582,5625,5627,5635,5640,5644,5652,5655,5682,5685,5688,5762,5764,5772,5779,5803,5814,5817,5896,5898,5906,5913,5917,5922,5937,5939,5947,5950,5956,5959,6004,6006,6023,6027,6032,6043,6046,6158,6161,6220,6226,6228,6233,6237,6239,6258,6264,6267,6286,6290,6299,6326,6328,6336,6344,6348,6354,6377,6379,6387,6394,6398,6401,6452,6455,6506,6509,6511,6515,6522,6526,6533,6537,6545,6549,6552,6574,6576,6626,6628,6655],[10,4994,4990],{"id":4995},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4997,4998,5000,5001,117],{},[15,4999,4895],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[382,5002,5003],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5005,5006],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[176,5008,5009,5012,5015,5018,5021],{},[179,5010,5011],{},"lists",[179,5013,5014],{},"tuples",[179,5016,5017],{},"sets",[179,5019,5020],{},"strings",[179,5022,5023],{},"generator expressions",[20,5025,5026,5027,1292,5029,5031],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5028,3308],{},[15,5030,3379],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[30,5033,5035],{"className":32,"code":5034,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5036,5037,5057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5038,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5040,3529],{"class":45},[39,5042,50],{"class":49},[39,5044,3327],{"class":53},[39,5046,1826],{"class":57},[39,5048,61],{"class":53},[39,5050,3545],{"class":517},[39,5052,61],{"class":53},[39,5054,316],{"class":57},[39,5056,3340],{"class":53},[39,5058,5059,5061,5063,5066,5068,5071,5074],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5060,137],{"class":136},[39,5062,124],{"class":53},[39,5064,5065],{"class":136},"any",[39,5067,124],{"class":53},[39,5069,5070],{"class":120},"values",[39,5072,5073],{"class":53},"))",[39,5075,3369],{"class":150},[20,5077,154,5078,5081,5082,5084],{},[15,5079,5080],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5083,3308],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[160,5086,5088],{"id":5087},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5090,5091,5093],{},[15,5092,4895],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5095,5096],{},"It returns:",[176,5098,5099,5104,5109],{},[179,5100,5101,5103],{},[15,5102,3308],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[179,5105,5106,5108],{},[15,5107,3379],{}," if all items are falsy",[179,5110,5111,5113],{},[15,5112,3379],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5115,5116],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[176,5118,5119,5122,5125],{},[179,5120,5121],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[179,5123,5124],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[179,5126,5127],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5129,5130,5131,5134,5135,117],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[382,5132,5133],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[195,5136,5138],{"href":5137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5139,3282],{},[160,5141,5143],{"id":5142},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5145,5146],{},"The syntax is simple:",[30,5148,5150],{"className":32,"code":5149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5151,5152],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5153,5154,5156,5158,5160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5155,5065],{"class":136},[39,5157,124],{"class":53},[39,5159,3426],{"class":120},[39,5161,130],{"class":53},[20,5163,5164,5165,117],{},"The argument must be an ",[382,5166,3426],{},[20,5168,5169],{},"Common inputs include:",[176,5171,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180],{},[179,5173,5011],{},[179,5175,5014],{},[179,5177,5017],{},[179,5179,5020],{},[179,5181,5023],{},[20,5183,5184],{},"For example:",[30,5186,5188],{"className":32,"code":5187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5189,5190,5213,5232,5252],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5191,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5211],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5193,137],{"class":136},[39,5195,124],{"class":53},[39,5197,5065],{"class":136},[39,5199,917],{"class":53},[39,5201,1826],{"class":57},[39,5203,61],{"class":53},[39,5205,3540],{"class":57},[39,5207,61],{"class":53},[39,5209,5210],{"class":57}," 1",[39,5212,2705],{"class":53},[39,5214,5215,5217,5219,5221,5224,5226,5228,5230],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5216,137],{"class":136},[39,5218,124],{"class":53},[39,5220,5065],{"class":136},[39,5222,5223],{"class":53},"((",[39,5225,3379],{"class":3559},[39,5227,61],{"class":53},[39,5229,3616],{"class":3559},[39,5231,2619],{"class":53},[39,5233,5234,5236,5238,5240,5243,5245,5247,5249],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5235,137],{"class":136},[39,5237,124],{"class":53},[39,5239,5065],{"class":136},[39,5241,5242],{"class":53},"({",[39,5244,1826],{"class":57},[39,5246,61],{"class":53},[39,5248,64],{"class":57},[39,5250,5251],{"class":53},"}))\n",[39,5253,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,5255,137],{"class":136},[39,5257,124],{"class":53},[39,5259,5065],{"class":136},[39,5261,124],{"class":53},[39,5263,562],{"class":517},[39,5265,3552],{"class":521},[39,5267,562],{"class":517},[39,5269,486],{"class":53},[20,5271,5272],{},"Expected output:",[30,5274,5276],{"className":32,"code":5275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5277,5278,5282,5286,5290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5279,5280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5281,3689],{"class":3559},[39,5283,5284],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5285,3750],{"class":3559},[39,5287,5288],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5289,3689],{"class":3559},[39,5291,5292],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,5293,3689],{"class":3559},[20,5295,5296,5297,117],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[195,5298,4847],{"href":5299},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[160,5301,3435],{"id":3434},[20,5303,3438,5304,1292,5307,3443],{},[382,5305,5306],{},"truthy",[382,5308,5309],{},"falsy",[176,5311,5312,5318],{},[179,5313,5314,3451,5316],{},[382,5315,3450],{},[15,5317,3308],{},[179,5319,5320,3451,5322],{},[382,5321,3458],{},[15,5323,3379],{},[20,5325,3463],{},[176,5327,5328,5332,5336,5340,5344,5348,5352,5356],{},[179,5329,5330],{},[15,5331,3379],{},[179,5333,5334],{},[15,5335,1826],{},[179,5337,5338],{},[15,5339,3474],{},[179,5341,5342],{},[15,5343,3479],{},[179,5345,5346],{},[15,5347,3493],{},[179,5349,5350],{},[15,5351,3498],{},[179,5353,5354],{},[15,5355,3503],{},[179,5357,5358],{},[15,5359,3484],{},[20,5361,3506],{},[20,5363,5364],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[30,5366,5368],{"className":32,"code":5367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5369,5370,5384,5402],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5371,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5373,137],{"class":136},[39,5375,124],{"class":53},[39,5377,5065],{"class":136},[39,5379,917],{"class":53},[39,5381,58],{"class":57},[39,5383,2705],{"class":53},[39,5385,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5387,137],{"class":136},[39,5389,124],{"class":53},[39,5391,5065],{"class":136},[39,5393,917],{"class":53},[39,5395,524],{"class":517},[39,5397,3552],{"class":521},[39,5399,524],{"class":517},[39,5401,2705],{"class":53},[39,5403,5404,5406,5408,5410,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5405,137],{"class":136},[39,5407,124],{"class":53},[39,5409,5065],{"class":136},[39,5411,5412],{"class":53},"([[",[39,5414,58],{"class":57},[39,5416,61],{"class":53},[39,5418,64],{"class":57},[39,5420,61],{"class":53},[39,5422,69],{"class":57},[39,5424,5425],{"class":53},"]]))\n",[20,5427,5272],{},[30,5429,5431],{"className":32,"code":5430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5432,5433,5437,5441],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5434,5435],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5436,3689],{"class":3559},[39,5438,5439],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5440,3689],{"class":3559},[39,5442,5443],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5444,3689],{"class":3559},[20,5446,5447],{},"And these are all falsy:",[30,5449,5451],{"className":32,"code":5450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5452,5453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5454,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5456,137],{"class":136},[39,5458,124],{"class":53},[39,5460,5065],{"class":136},[39,5462,917],{"class":53},[39,5464,1826],{"class":57},[39,5466,61],{"class":53},[39,5468,3545],{"class":517},[39,5470,61],{"class":53},[39,5472,3560],{"class":3559},[39,5474,2705],{"class":53},[20,5476,5272],{},[30,5478,5479],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5480,5481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5482,5483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5484,3750],{"class":3559},[20,5486,5487,5488,4104,5491,117],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[195,5489,3513],{"href":5490},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[195,5492,5494,5496],{"href":5493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5495,3519],{}," explained",[160,5498,5500],{"id":5499},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5502,5503],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[30,5505,5507],{"className":32,"code":5506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5508,5509,5529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5510,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5512,3529],{"class":45},[39,5514,50],{"class":49},[39,5516,3327],{"class":53},[39,5518,1826],{"class":57},[39,5520,61],{"class":53},[39,5522,3545],{"class":517},[39,5524,61],{"class":53},[39,5526,316],{"class":57},[39,5528,3340],{"class":53},[39,5530,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5532,137],{"class":136},[39,5534,124],{"class":53},[39,5536,5065],{"class":136},[39,5538,124],{"class":53},[39,5540,5070],{"class":120},[39,5542,486],{"class":53},[20,5544,353],{},[30,5546,5547],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5548,5549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5550,5551],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5552,3689],{"class":3559},[20,5554,4152],{},[176,5556,5557,5562,5566],{},[179,5558,5559,5561],{},[15,5560,1826],{}," is falsy",[179,5563,5564,5561],{},[15,5565,3479],{},[179,5567,5568,5570],{},[15,5569,1843],{}," is truthy",[20,5572,5573,5574,2104,5577,117],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5575,5576],{},"any(values)",[15,5578,3308],{},[20,5580,5581],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[30,5583,5585],{"className":32,"code":5584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5586,5587,5611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5588,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601,5603,5605,5607,5609],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5590,3529],{"class":45},[39,5592,50],{"class":49},[39,5594,3327],{"class":53},[39,5596,1826],{"class":57},[39,5598,61],{"class":53},[39,5600,3545],{"class":517},[39,5602,61],{"class":53},[39,5604,3560],{"class":3559},[39,5606,61],{"class":53},[39,5608,3616],{"class":3559},[39,5610,3340],{"class":53},[39,5612,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5614,137],{"class":136},[39,5616,124],{"class":53},[39,5618,5065],{"class":136},[39,5620,124],{"class":53},[39,5622,5070],{"class":120},[39,5624,486],{"class":53},[20,5626,353],{},[30,5628,5629],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5630,5631],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5632,5633],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5634,3750],{"class":3559},[20,5636,5637,5638,117],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5639,3379],{},[160,5641,5643],{"id":5642},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5645,5646,5648,5649,117],{},[15,5647,4895],{}," is often used with a ",[382,5650,5651],{},"generator expression",[20,5653,5654],{},"This is a common pattern:",[30,5656,5658],{"className":32,"code":5657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5659,5660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5661,5662,5664,5666,5669,5672,5675,5677,5680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5663,5065],{"class":136},[39,5665,124],{"class":53},[39,5667,5668],{"class":120},"condition ",[39,5670,5671],{"class":3584},"for",[39,5673,5674],{"class":120}," item ",[39,5676,3591],{"class":3584},[39,5678,5679],{"class":120}," items",[39,5681,130],{"class":53},[20,5683,5684],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5686,5687],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[30,5689,5691],{"className":32,"code":5690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5692,5693,5721,5725,5752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5694,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5708,5710,5712,5714,5716,5719],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5696,1379],{"class":45},[39,5698,50],{"class":49},[39,5700,3327],{"class":53},[39,5702,2212],{"class":57},[39,5704,61],{"class":53},[39,5706,5707],{"class":57}," 7",[39,5709,61],{"class":53},[39,5711,1929],{"class":49},[39,5713,85],{"class":57},[39,5715,61],{"class":53},[39,5717,5718],{"class":57}," 10",[39,5720,3340],{"class":53},[39,5722,5723],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5724,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,5726,5727,5729,5731,5734,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748,5750],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5728,109],{"class":45},[39,5730,50],{"class":49},[39,5732,5733],{"class":136}," any",[39,5735,124],{"class":53},[39,5737,2731],{"class":120},[39,5739,510],{"class":49},[39,5741,3540],{"class":57},[39,5743,3585],{"class":3584},[39,5745,3588],{"class":120},[39,5747,3591],{"class":3584},[39,5749,1433],{"class":120},[39,5751,130],{"class":53},[39,5753,5754,5756,5758,5760],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,5755,137],{"class":136},[39,5757,124],{"class":53},[39,5759,142],{"class":120},[39,5761,130],{"class":53},[20,5763,353],{},[30,5765,5766],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5767,5768],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5769,5770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5771,3689],{"class":3559},[20,5773,5774,5775,5778],{},"This works because ",[15,5776,5777],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[176,5780,5781,5789,5796],{},[179,5782,5783,5786,5787],{},[15,5784,5785],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5788,3379],{},[179,5790,5791,5786,5794],{},[15,5792,5793],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5795,3379],{},[179,5797,5798,5786,5801],{},[15,5799,5800],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5802,3308],{},[20,5804,5805,5806,5808,5809,5811,5812,117],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5807,3308],{}," result, ",[15,5810,4895],{}," can return ",[15,5813,3308],{},[20,5815,5816],{},"Here is another example:",[30,5818,5820],{"className":32,"code":5819,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5821,5822,5851,5855,5885],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5823,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838,5841,5843,5845,5847,5849],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5825,3780],{"class":45},[39,5827,50],{"class":49},[39,5829,3327],{"class":53},[39,5831,562],{"class":517},[39,5833,3789],{"class":521},[39,5835,562],{"class":517},[39,5837,61],{"class":53},[39,5839,5840],{"class":517}," \"\"",[39,5842,61],{"class":53},[39,5844,572],{"class":517},[39,5846,3798],{"class":521},[39,5848,562],{"class":517},[39,5850,3340],{"class":53},[39,5852,5853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5854,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,5856,5857,5860,5862,5864,5866,5869,5871,5873,5875,5878,5880,5883],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5858,5859],{"class":45},"has_empty_string ",[39,5861,50],{"class":49},[39,5863,5733],{"class":136},[39,5865,124],{"class":53},[39,5867,5868],{"class":120},"word ",[39,5870,4398],{"class":49},[39,5872,5840],{"class":517},[39,5874,3585],{"class":3584},[39,5876,5877],{"class":120}," word ",[39,5879,3591],{"class":3584},[39,5881,5882],{"class":120}," words",[39,5884,130],{"class":53},[39,5886,5887,5889,5891,5894],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,5888,137],{"class":136},[39,5890,124],{"class":53},[39,5892,5893],{"class":120},"has_empty_string",[39,5895,130],{"class":53},[20,5897,353],{},[30,5899,5900],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5901,5902],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5903,5904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5905,3689],{"class":3559},[20,5907,5908,5909,117],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[195,5910,5912],{"href":5911},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[160,5914,5916],{"id":5915},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5918,5919,5920,1250],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5921,3379],{},[30,5923,5925],{"className":32,"code":5924,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5926,5927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5928,5929,5931,5933,5935],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5930,137],{"class":136},[39,5932,124],{"class":53},[39,5934,5065],{"class":136},[39,5936,4139],{"class":53},[20,5938,353],{},[30,5940,5941],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5942,5943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5944,5945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5946,3750],{"class":3559},[20,5948,5949],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5951,5952,5953,5955],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5954,4895],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5957,5958],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[30,5960,5962],{"className":32,"code":5961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5963,5964,5974,5989],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5965,5966,5968,5970,5972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5967,137],{"class":136},[39,5969,124],{"class":53},[39,5971,5065],{"class":136},[39,5973,4197],{"class":53},[39,5975,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5987],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,5977,137],{"class":136},[39,5979,124],{"class":53},[39,5981,5065],{"class":136},[39,5983,124],{"class":53},[39,5985,5986],{"class":517},"\"\"",[39,5988,486],{"class":53},[39,5990,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,5992,137],{"class":136},[39,5994,124],{"class":53},[39,5996,5065],{"class":136},[39,5998,124],{"class":53},[39,6000,384],{"class":478},[39,6002,6003],{"class":53},"()))\n",[20,6005,353],{},[30,6007,6009],{"className":32,"code":6008,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6010,6011,6015,6019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6012,6013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6014,3750],{"class":3559},[39,6016,6017],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6018,3750],{"class":3559},[39,6020,6021],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,6022,3750],{"class":3559},[160,6024,6026],{"id":6025},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6028,154,6029,6031],{},[15,6030,4895],{}," when you want to:",[176,6033,6034,6037,6040],{},[179,6035,6036],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[179,6038,6039],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[179,6041,6042],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6044,6045],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[30,6047,6049],{"className":32,"code":6048,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6050,6051,6076,6080,6090,6094,6108,6127,6137,6142,6146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6052,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6054,1379],{"class":45},[39,6056,50],{"class":49},[39,6058,3327],{"class":53},[39,6060,58],{"class":57},[39,6062,61],{"class":53},[39,6064,69],{"class":57},[39,6066,61],{"class":53},[39,6068,316],{"class":57},[39,6070,61],{"class":53},[39,6072,6073],{"class":57}," 8",[39,6075,3340],{"class":53},[39,6077,6078],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6079,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,6081,6082,6085,6087],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,6083,6084],{"class":45},"found_even ",[39,6086,50],{"class":49},[39,6088,6089],{"class":3559}," False\n",[39,6091,6092],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,6093,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,6095,6096,6098,6101,6103,6105],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,6097,5671],{"class":3584},[39,6099,6100],{"class":45}," number ",[39,6102,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6104,1433],{"class":45},[39,6106,6107],{"class":53},":\n",[39,6109,6110,6113,6115,6118,6120,6123,6125],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,6111,6112],{"class":3584},"    if",[39,6114,6100],{"class":45},[39,6116,6117],{"class":49},"%",[39,6119,64],{"class":57},[39,6121,6122],{"class":49}," ==",[39,6124,3540],{"class":57},[39,6126,6107],{"class":53},[39,6128,6129,6132,6134],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,6130,6131],{"class":45},"        found_even ",[39,6133,50],{"class":49},[39,6135,6136],{"class":3559}," True\n",[39,6138,6139],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,6140,6141],{"class":3584},"        break\n",[39,6143,6144],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,6145,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,6147,6149,6151,6153,6156],{"class":41,"line":6148},10,[39,6150,137],{"class":136},[39,6152,124],{"class":53},[39,6154,6155],{"class":120},"found_even",[39,6157,130],{"class":53},[20,6159,6160],{},"You can write:",[30,6162,6164],{"className":32,"code":6163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6165,6166,6190],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6167,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6169,1379],{"class":45},[39,6171,50],{"class":49},[39,6173,3327],{"class":53},[39,6175,58],{"class":57},[39,6177,61],{"class":53},[39,6179,69],{"class":57},[39,6181,61],{"class":53},[39,6183,316],{"class":57},[39,6185,61],{"class":53},[39,6187,6073],{"class":57},[39,6189,3340],{"class":53},[39,6191,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6193,137],{"class":136},[39,6195,124],{"class":53},[39,6197,5065],{"class":136},[39,6199,124],{"class":53},[39,6201,1924],{"class":120},[39,6203,6117],{"class":49},[39,6205,64],{"class":57},[39,6207,6122],{"class":49},[39,6209,3540],{"class":57},[39,6211,3585],{"class":3584},[39,6213,6100],{"class":120},[39,6215,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6217,1433],{"class":120},[39,6219,486],{"class":53},[20,6221,6222,6223,6225],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6224,4895],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[160,6227,1244],{"id":1243},[20,6229,6230,6231,117],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6232,4895],{},[988,6234,6236],{"id":6235},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6238,4235],{},[30,6240,6242],{"className":32,"code":6241,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6243,6244],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6247,137],{"class":136},[39,6249,124],{"class":53},[39,6251,5065],{"class":136},[39,6253,124],{"class":53},[39,6255,1843],{"class":57},[39,6257,486],{"class":53},[20,6259,6260,6261,6263],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6262,1843],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6265,6266],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[30,6268,6270],{"className":32,"code":6269,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6271,6272],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6273,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6275,137],{"class":136},[39,6277,124],{"class":53},[39,6279,5065],{"class":136},[39,6281,917],{"class":53},[39,6283,1843],{"class":57},[39,6285,2705],{"class":53},[988,6287,6289],{"id":6288},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6291,6292,6294,6295,6298],{},[15,6293,4895],{}," needs only ",[382,6296,6297],{},"one"," truthy item.",[30,6300,6302],{"className":32,"code":6301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6303,6304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6305,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6307,137],{"class":136},[39,6309,124],{"class":53},[39,6311,5065],{"class":136},[39,6313,917],{"class":53},[39,6315,3379],{"class":3559},[39,6317,61],{"class":53},[39,6319,3616],{"class":3559},[39,6321,61],{"class":53},[39,6323,3625],{"class":3559},[39,6325,2705],{"class":53},[20,6327,353],{},[30,6329,6330],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6331,6332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6333,6334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6335,3689],{"class":3559},[20,6337,6338,6339,6343],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[195,6340,6341],{"href":5137},[15,6342,3282],{}," instead.",[988,6345,6347],{"id":6346},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6349,6350,6351,117],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6352,6353],{},"\"True\"",[30,6355,6357],{"className":32,"code":6356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6358,6359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6360,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6362,137],{"class":136},[39,6364,124],{"class":53},[39,6366,5065],{"class":136},[39,6368,917],{"class":53},[39,6370,562],{"class":517},[39,6372,3379],{"class":521},[39,6374,562],{"class":517},[39,6376,2705],{"class":53},[20,6378,353],{},[30,6380,6381],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6382,6383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6384,6385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6386,3689],{"class":3559},[20,6388,6389,6390,6393],{},"That is because ",[15,6391,6392],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[988,6395,6397],{"id":6396},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6399,6400],{},"This works:",[30,6402,6404],{"className":32,"code":6403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6405,6406,6426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6407,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6409,1379],{"class":45},[39,6411,50],{"class":49},[39,6413,3327],{"class":53},[39,6415,58],{"class":57},[39,6417,61],{"class":53},[39,6419,64],{"class":57},[39,6421,61],{"class":53},[39,6423,69],{"class":57},[39,6425,3340],{"class":53},[39,6427,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6429,137],{"class":136},[39,6431,124],{"class":53},[39,6433,5065],{"class":136},[39,6435,917],{"class":53},[39,6437,2731],{"class":120},[39,6439,3963],{"class":49},[39,6441,64],{"class":57},[39,6443,3585],{"class":3584},[39,6445,3588],{"class":120},[39,6447,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6449,1433],{"class":120},[39,6451,2705],{"class":53},[20,6453,6454],{},"But this is usually better:",[30,6456,6458],{"className":32,"code":6457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6459,6460,6480],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6461,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6463,1379],{"class":45},[39,6465,50],{"class":49},[39,6467,3327],{"class":53},[39,6469,58],{"class":57},[39,6471,61],{"class":53},[39,6473,64],{"class":57},[39,6475,61],{"class":53},[39,6477,69],{"class":57},[39,6479,3340],{"class":53},[39,6481,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6483,137],{"class":136},[39,6485,124],{"class":53},[39,6487,5065],{"class":136},[39,6489,124],{"class":53},[39,6491,2731],{"class":120},[39,6493,3963],{"class":49},[39,6495,64],{"class":57},[39,6497,3585],{"class":3584},[39,6499,3588],{"class":120},[39,6501,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6503,1433],{"class":120},[39,6505,486],{"class":53},[20,6507,6508],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[160,6510,1563],{"id":1562},[988,6512,6514],{"id":6513},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6516,4859,6517,6519,6520,117],{},[15,6518,3308],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6521,3379],{},[988,6523,6525],{"id":6524},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6527,6528,2104,6530,6532],{},[15,6529,4895],{},[15,6531,3379],{}," for an empty iterable.",[988,6534,6536],{"id":6535},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6538,6539,6541,6542,6544],{},[15,6540,4895],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6543,3282],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[988,6546,6548],{"id":6547},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6550,6551],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[30,6553,6554],{"className":32,"code":5657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6555,6556],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6557,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6559,5065],{"class":136},[39,6561,124],{"class":53},[39,6563,5668],{"class":120},[39,6565,5671],{"class":3584},[39,6567,5674],{"class":120},[39,6569,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6571,5679],{"class":120},[39,6573,130],{"class":53},[20,6575,5184],{},[30,6577,6578],{"className":32,"code":6457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6579,6580,6600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6581,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6583,1379],{"class":45},[39,6585,50],{"class":49},[39,6587,3327],{"class":53},[39,6589,58],{"class":57},[39,6591,61],{"class":53},[39,6593,64],{"class":57},[39,6595,61],{"class":53},[39,6597,69],{"class":57},[39,6599,3340],{"class":53},[39,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6603,137],{"class":136},[39,6605,124],{"class":53},[39,6607,5065],{"class":136},[39,6609,124],{"class":53},[39,6611,2731],{"class":120},[39,6613,3963],{"class":49},[39,6615,64],{"class":57},[39,6617,3585],{"class":3584},[39,6619,3588],{"class":120},[39,6621,3591],{"class":3584},[39,6623,1433],{"class":120},[39,6625,486],{"class":53},[160,6627,1613],{"id":1612},[176,6629,6630,6636,6640,6644,6649],{},[179,6631,6632],{},[195,6633,6634,3213],{"href":5137},[15,6635,3282],{},[179,6637,6638],{},[195,6639,3513],{"href":5490},[179,6641,6642],{},[195,6643,4927],{"href":5299},[179,6645,6646],{},[195,6647,6648],{"href":5911},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[179,6650,6651],{},[195,6652,6653,3213],{"href":5493},[15,6654,3519],{},[1642,6656,6657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":6659},[6660,6661,6662,6663,6664,6665,6666,6667,6673,6679],{"id":5087,"depth":75,"text":5088},{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143},{"id":3434,"depth":75,"text":3435},{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":5642,"depth":75,"text":5643},{"id":5915,"depth":75,"text":5916},{"id":6025,"depth":75,"text":6026},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":6668},[6669,6670,6671,6672],{"id":6235,"depth":99,"text":6236},{"id":6288,"depth":99,"text":6289},{"id":6346,"depth":99,"text":6347},{"id":6396,"depth":99,"text":6397},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":6674},[6675,6676,6677,6678],{"id":6513,"depth":99,"text":6514},{"id":6524,"depth":99,"text":6525},{"id":6535,"depth":99,"text":6536},{"id":6547,"depth":99,"text":6548},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4990,"description":6680},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6686,"title":6687,"body":6688,"description":8821,"extension":1670,"meta":8822,"navigation":102,"path":8823,"seo":8824,"stem":8825,"__hash__":8826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6689,"toc":8784},[6690,6693,6702,6712,6714,6811,6813,6842,6858,6862,6867,6870,6880,6886,6892,6908,6910,6918,6925,6929,6932,6947,6952,6970,6975,6977,7025,7027,7044,7048,7054,7057,7092,7094,7200,7202,7239,7243,7251,7253,7273,7275,7396,7398,7427,7430,7453,7455,7463,7471,7475,7481,7485,7528,7530,7538,7541,7569,7571,7579,7583,7612,7614,7622,7654,7656,7664,7668,7719,7721,7729,7737,7741,7744,7797,7799,7820,7827,7831,7837,7840,7848,7870,7872,7880,7888,7911,7913,7921,7926,7931,7943,7945,7986,7997,8001,8010,8013,8016,8075,8078,8130,8133,8138,8154,8160,8162,8167,8176,8179,8201,8203,8211,8216,8219,8254,8256,8264,8268,8273,8311,8323,8326,8380,8388,8392,8395,8417,8425,8428,8469,8471,8494,8500,8506,8521,8523,8543,8546,8565,8567,8586,8590,8596,8675,8678,8692,8699,8701,8705,8712,8716,8720,8724,8729,8733,8738,8742,8749,8751,8781],[10,6691,6687],{"id":6692},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6694,22,6695,6697,6698,1292,6700,117],{},[15,6696,3519],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6699,3308],{},[15,6701,3379],{},[20,6703,6704,6705,6707,6708,6711],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6706,3519],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6709,6710],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[160,6713,3313],{"id":3312},[30,6715,6717],{"className":32,"code":6716,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6718,6719,6733,6747,6761,6779,6789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6722,137],{"class":136},[39,6724,124],{"class":53},[39,6726,3575],{"class":478},[39,6728,124],{"class":53},[39,6730,1826],{"class":57},[39,6732,486],{"class":53},[39,6734,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6736,137],{"class":136},[39,6738,124],{"class":53},[39,6740,3575],{"class":478},[39,6742,124],{"class":53},[39,6744,58],{"class":57},[39,6746,486],{"class":53},[39,6748,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,6750,137],{"class":136},[39,6752,124],{"class":53},[39,6754,3575],{"class":478},[39,6756,124],{"class":53},[39,6758,5986],{"class":517},[39,6760,486],{"class":53},[39,6762,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,6764,137],{"class":136},[39,6766,124],{"class":53},[39,6768,3575],{"class":478},[39,6770,124],{"class":53},[39,6772,562],{"class":517},[39,6774,3552],{"class":521},[39,6776,562],{"class":517},[39,6778,486],{"class":53},[39,6780,6781,6783,6785,6787],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,6782,137],{"class":136},[39,6784,124],{"class":53},[39,6786,3575],{"class":478},[39,6788,4139],{"class":53},[39,6790,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,6792,137],{"class":136},[39,6794,124],{"class":53},[39,6796,3575],{"class":478},[39,6798,917],{"class":53},[39,6800,58],{"class":57},[39,6802,61],{"class":53},[39,6804,64],{"class":57},[39,6806,61],{"class":53},[39,6808,69],{"class":57},[39,6810,2705],{"class":53},[20,6812,5272],{},[30,6814,6816],{"className":32,"code":6815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6817,6818,6822,6826,6830,6834,6838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6819,6820],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6821,3750],{"class":3559},[39,6823,6824],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6825,3689],{"class":3559},[39,6827,6828],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,6829,3750],{"class":3559},[39,6831,6832],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,6833,3689],{"class":3559},[39,6835,6836],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,6837,3750],{"class":3559},[39,6839,6840],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,6841,3689],{"class":3559},[20,6843,154,6844,6847,6848,1292,6850,6852,6853,6855,6856,117],{},[15,6845,6846],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6849,3308],{},[15,6851,3379],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6854,3379],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6857,3308],{},[160,6859,6861],{"id":6860},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6863,6864,6866],{},[15,6865,3519],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6868,6869],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[176,6871,6872,6876],{},[179,6873,6874],{},[15,6875,3308],{},[179,6877,6878],{},[15,6879,3379],{},[20,6881,6882,6883,6885],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6884,6710],{}," statements.",[20,6887,6888,6889,6891],{},"You can also call ",[15,6890,3519],{}," with no argument:",[30,6893,6895],{"className":32,"code":6894,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool())\n",[15,6896,6897],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6898,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6900,137],{"class":136},[39,6902,124],{"class":53},[39,6904,3575],{"class":478},[39,6906,6907],{"class":53},"())\n",[20,6909,353],{},[30,6911,6912],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6913,6914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6915,6916],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6917,3750],{"class":3559},[20,6919,6920,6921,117],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[195,6922,6924],{"href":6923},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[160,6926,6928],{"id":6927},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6930,6931],{},"The basic syntax is:",[30,6933,6935],{"className":32,"code":6934,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bool(value)\n",[15,6936,6937],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6938,6939,6941,6943,6945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6940,3575],{"class":478},[39,6942,124],{"class":53},[39,6944,2179],{"class":120},[39,6946,130],{"class":53},[20,6948,22,6949,6951],{},[15,6950,2179],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[176,6953,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6965,6967],{},[179,6955,1457],{},[179,6957,5020],{},[179,6959,5011],{},[179,6961,5014],{},[179,6963,6964],{},"dictionaries",[179,6966,5017],{},[179,6968,6969],{},"other objects",[20,6971,6972,6973,117],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6974,3379],{},[20,6976,267],{},[30,6978,6980],{"className":32,"code":6979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6981,6982,6996,7015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6983,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6985,137],{"class":136},[39,6987,124],{"class":53},[39,6989,3575],{"class":478},[39,6991,124],{"class":53},[39,6993,2037],{"class":57},[39,6995,486],{"class":53},[39,6997,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7011,7013],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,6999,137],{"class":136},[39,7001,124],{"class":53},[39,7003,3575],{"class":478},[39,7005,124],{"class":53},[39,7007,562],{"class":517},[39,7009,7010],{"class":521},"Python",[39,7012,562],{"class":517},[39,7014,486],{"class":53},[39,7016,7017,7019,7021,7023],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7018,137],{"class":136},[39,7020,124],{"class":53},[39,7022,3575],{"class":478},[39,7024,6907],{"class":53},[20,7026,353],{},[30,7028,7030],{"className":32,"code":7029,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7031,7032,7036,7040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7033,7034],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7035,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7037,7038],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7039,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7041,7042],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7043,3750],{"class":3559},[160,7045,7047],{"id":7046},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7049,7050,7051,7053],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[382,7052,5309],{}," values.",[20,7055,7056],{},"Common examples:",[176,7058,7059,7063,7067,7071,7075,7080,7084,7088],{},[179,7060,7061],{},[15,7062,1826],{},[179,7064,7065],{},[15,7066,3474],{},[179,7068,7069],{},[15,7070,5986],{},[179,7072,7073],{},[15,7074,3493],{},[179,7076,7077],{},[15,7078,7079],{},"()",[179,7081,7082],{},[15,7083,3498],{},[179,7085,7086],{},[15,7087,3503],{},[179,7089,7090],{},[15,7091,3484],{},[20,7093,267],{},[30,7095,7097],{"className":32,"code":7096,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7098,7099,7113,7127,7141,7151,7161,7172,7186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7102,137],{"class":136},[39,7104,124],{"class":53},[39,7106,3575],{"class":478},[39,7108,124],{"class":53},[39,7110,1826],{"class":57},[39,7112,486],{"class":53},[39,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7116,137],{"class":136},[39,7118,124],{"class":53},[39,7120,3575],{"class":478},[39,7122,124],{"class":53},[39,7124,3474],{"class":57},[39,7126,486],{"class":53},[39,7128,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7130,137],{"class":136},[39,7132,124],{"class":53},[39,7134,3575],{"class":478},[39,7136,124],{"class":53},[39,7138,5986],{"class":517},[39,7140,486],{"class":53},[39,7142,7143,7145,7147,7149],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7144,137],{"class":136},[39,7146,124],{"class":53},[39,7148,3575],{"class":478},[39,7150,4139],{"class":53},[39,7152,7153,7155,7157,7159],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,7154,137],{"class":136},[39,7156,124],{"class":53},[39,7158,3575],{"class":478},[39,7160,4197],{"class":53},[39,7162,7163,7165,7167,7169],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,7164,137],{"class":136},[39,7166,124],{"class":53},[39,7168,3575],{"class":478},[39,7170,7171],{"class":53},"({}))\n",[39,7173,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,7175,137],{"class":136},[39,7177,124],{"class":53},[39,7179,3575],{"class":478},[39,7181,124],{"class":53},[39,7183,384],{"class":478},[39,7185,6003],{"class":53},[39,7187,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,7189,137],{"class":136},[39,7191,124],{"class":53},[39,7193,3575],{"class":478},[39,7195,124],{"class":53},[39,7197,3484],{"class":3559},[39,7199,486],{"class":53},[20,7201,353],{},[30,7203,7205],{"className":32,"code":7204,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7206,7207,7211,7215,7219,7223,7227,7231,7235],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7208,7209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7210,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7212,7213],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7214,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7216,7217],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7218,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7220,7221],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7222,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7224,7225],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,7226,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7228,7229],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,7230,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7232,7233],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,7234,3750],{"class":3559},[39,7236,7237],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,7238,3750],{"class":3559},[160,7240,7242],{"id":7241},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7244,7245,7246,7248,7249,7053],{},"Many values become ",[15,7247,3308],{},". These are often called ",[382,7250,5306],{},[20,7252,7056],{},[176,7254,7255,7258,7261,7264,7267,7270],{},[179,7256,7257],{},"non-zero numbers",[179,7259,7260],{},"non-empty strings",[179,7262,7263],{},"non-empty lists",[179,7265,7266],{},"non-empty tuples",[179,7268,7269],{},"non-empty sets",[179,7271,7272],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7274,267],{},[30,7276,7278],{"className":32,"code":7277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7279,7280,7294,7310,7328,7350,7368],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7281,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7283,137],{"class":136},[39,7285,124],{"class":53},[39,7287,3575],{"class":478},[39,7289,124],{"class":53},[39,7291,1843],{"class":57},[39,7293,486],{"class":53},[39,7295,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304,7306,7308],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7297,137],{"class":136},[39,7299,124],{"class":53},[39,7301,3575],{"class":478},[39,7303,124],{"class":53},[39,7305,1730],{"class":49},[39,7307,85],{"class":57},[39,7309,486],{"class":53},[39,7311,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7313,137],{"class":136},[39,7315,124],{"class":53},[39,7317,3575],{"class":478},[39,7319,124],{"class":53},[39,7321,562],{"class":517},[39,7323,3552],{"class":521},[39,7325,562],{"class":517},[39,7327,486],{"class":53},[39,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7331,137],{"class":136},[39,7333,124],{"class":53},[39,7335,3575],{"class":478},[39,7337,917],{"class":53},[39,7339,58],{"class":57},[39,7341,61],{"class":53},[39,7343,64],{"class":57},[39,7345,61],{"class":53},[39,7347,69],{"class":57},[39,7349,2705],{"class":53},[39,7351,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,7353,137],{"class":136},[39,7355,124],{"class":53},[39,7357,3575],{"class":478},[39,7359,5223],{"class":53},[39,7361,58],{"class":57},[39,7363,61],{"class":53},[39,7365,64],{"class":57},[39,7367,2619],{"class":53},[39,7369,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7383,7385,7387,7389,7392,7394],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,7371,137],{"class":136},[39,7373,124],{"class":53},[39,7375,3575],{"class":478},[39,7377,5242],{"class":53},[39,7379,562],{"class":517},[39,7381,7382],{"class":521},"name",[39,7384,562],{"class":517},[39,7386,1250],{"class":53},[39,7388,572],{"class":517},[39,7390,7391],{"class":521},"Sam",[39,7393,562],{"class":517},[39,7395,5251],{"class":53},[20,7397,353],{},[30,7399,7401],{"className":32,"code":7400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7402,7403,7407,7411,7415,7419,7423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7404,7405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7406,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7408,7409],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7410,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7412,7413],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7414,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7416,7417],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7418,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7420,7421],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,7422,3689],{"class":3559},[39,7424,7425],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,7426,3689],{"class":3559},[20,7428,7429],{},"One important example is this:",[30,7431,7433],{"className":32,"code":7432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7434,7435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7436,7437,7439,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7438,137],{"class":136},[39,7440,124],{"class":53},[39,7442,3575],{"class":478},[39,7444,124],{"class":53},[39,7446,562],{"class":517},[39,7448,3379],{"class":521},[39,7450,562],{"class":517},[39,7452,486],{"class":53},[20,7454,353],{},[30,7456,7457],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7458,7459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7460,7461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7462,3689],{"class":3559},[20,7464,7465,7466,7468,7469,117],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7467,6392],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7470,3308],{},[160,7472,7474],{"id":7473},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7476,7477,7478,7480],{},"You can use ",[15,7479,3519],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[988,7482,7484],{"id":7483},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[30,7486,7488],{"className":32,"code":7487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7489,7490,7513],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7491,7492,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7506,7508,7511],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7493,7494],{"class":45},"items ",[39,7496,50],{"class":49},[39,7498,3327],{"class":53},[39,7500,2037],{"class":57},[39,7502,61],{"class":53},[39,7504,7505],{"class":57}," 20",[39,7507,61],{"class":53},[39,7509,7510],{"class":57}," 30",[39,7512,3340],{"class":53},[39,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7526],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7516,137],{"class":136},[39,7518,124],{"class":53},[39,7520,3575],{"class":478},[39,7522,124],{"class":53},[39,7524,7525],{"class":120},"items",[39,7527,486],{"class":53},[20,7529,353],{},[30,7531,7532],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7533,7534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7535,7536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7537,3689],{"class":3559},[20,7539,7540],{},"With an empty list:",[30,7542,7544],{"className":32,"code":7543,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7545,7546,7555],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7547,7548,7550,7552],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7549,7494],{"class":45},[39,7551,50],{"class":49},[39,7553,7554],{"class":53}," []\n",[39,7556,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7558,137],{"class":136},[39,7560,124],{"class":53},[39,7562,3575],{"class":478},[39,7564,124],{"class":53},[39,7566,7525],{"class":120},[39,7568,486],{"class":53},[20,7570,353],{},[30,7572,7573],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7574,7575],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7576,7577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7578,3750],{"class":3559},[988,7580,7582],{"id":7581},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[30,7584,7586],{"className":32,"code":7585,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7587,7588,7598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7589,7590,7593,7595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7591,7592],{"class":45},"name ",[39,7594,50],{"class":49},[39,7596,7597],{"class":517}," \"\"\n",[39,7599,7600,7602,7604,7606,7608,7610],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7601,137],{"class":136},[39,7603,124],{"class":53},[39,7605,3575],{"class":478},[39,7607,124],{"class":53},[39,7609,7382],{"class":120},[39,7611,486],{"class":53},[20,7613,353],{},[30,7615,7616],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7617,7618],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7619,7620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7621,3750],{"class":3559},[30,7623,7625],{"className":32,"code":7624,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7626,7627,7640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7628,7629,7631,7633,7635,7638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7630,7592],{"class":45},[39,7632,50],{"class":49},[39,7634,572],{"class":517},[39,7636,7637],{"class":521},"Mia",[39,7639,3062],{"class":517},[39,7641,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7643,137],{"class":136},[39,7645,124],{"class":53},[39,7647,3575],{"class":478},[39,7649,124],{"class":53},[39,7651,7382],{"class":120},[39,7653,486],{"class":53},[20,7655,353],{},[30,7657,7658],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7659,7660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7661,7662],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7663,3689],{"class":3559},[988,7665,7667],{"id":7666},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[30,7669,7671],{"className":32,"code":7670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7672,7673,7687,7704,7708],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7674,7675,7678,7680,7682,7685],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7676,7677],{"class":45},"username ",[39,7679,50],{"class":49},[39,7681,572],{"class":517},[39,7683,7684],{"class":521},"alex",[39,7686,3062],{"class":517},[39,7688,7689,7692,7694,7697,7699,7702],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7690,7691],{"class":45},"has_name ",[39,7693,50],{"class":49},[39,7695,7696],{"class":478}," bool",[39,7698,124],{"class":53},[39,7700,7701],{"class":120},"username",[39,7703,130],{"class":53},[39,7705,7706],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7707,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,7709,7710,7712,7714,7717],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7711,137],{"class":136},[39,7713,124],{"class":53},[39,7715,7716],{"class":120},"has_name",[39,7718,130],{"class":53},[20,7720,353],{},[30,7722,7723],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7724,7725],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7726,7727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7728,3689],{"class":3559},[20,7730,7731,7732,1292,7734,7736],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7733,3308],{},[15,7735,3379],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[988,7738,7740],{"id":7739},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7742,7743],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[30,7745,7747],{"className":32,"code":7746,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7748,7749,7769,7773,7781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7750,7751,7753,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7752,1379],{"class":45},[39,7754,50],{"class":49},[39,7756,3327],{"class":53},[39,7758,58],{"class":57},[39,7760,61],{"class":53},[39,7762,64],{"class":57},[39,7764,61],{"class":53},[39,7766,69],{"class":57},[39,7768,3340],{"class":53},[39,7770,7771],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7772,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,7774,7775,7777,7779],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,7776,6710],{"class":3584},[39,7778,1433],{"class":45},[39,7780,6107],{"class":53},[39,7782,7783,7786,7788,7790,7793,7795],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,7784,7785],{"class":136},"    print",[39,7787,124],{"class":53},[39,7789,562],{"class":517},[39,7791,7792],{"class":521},"The list is not empty",[39,7794,562],{"class":517},[39,7796,130],{"class":53},[20,7798,353],{},[30,7800,7802],{"className":32,"code":7801,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7803,7804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7805,7806,7808,7811,7814,7817],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7807,22],{"class":45},[39,7809,7810],{"class":478},"list",[39,7812,7813],{"class":49}," is",[39,7815,7816],{"class":49}," not",[39,7818,7819],{"class":45}," empty\n",[20,7821,7822,7823,117],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[195,7824,7826],{"href":7825},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[160,7828,7830],{"id":7829},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7832,7833,7834,7836],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7835,3519],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7838,7839],{},"It does not do that.",[988,7841,7843,2104,7846],{"id":7842},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7844,7845],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7847,3308],{},[30,7849,7850],{"className":32,"code":7432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7851,7852],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7853,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7855,137],{"class":136},[39,7857,124],{"class":53},[39,7859,3575],{"class":478},[39,7861,124],{"class":53},[39,7863,562],{"class":517},[39,7865,3379],{"class":521},[39,7867,562],{"class":517},[39,7869,486],{"class":53},[20,7871,353],{},[30,7873,7874],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7875,7876],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7877,7878],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7879,3689],{"class":3559},[988,7881,7883,2104,7886],{"id":7882},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7884,7885],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7887,3308],{},[30,7889,7891],{"className":32,"code":7890,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7892,7893],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7894,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7896,137],{"class":136},[39,7898,124],{"class":53},[39,7900,3575],{"class":478},[39,7902,124],{"class":53},[39,7904,562],{"class":517},[39,7906,1826],{"class":521},[39,7908,562],{"class":517},[39,7910,486],{"class":53},[20,7912,353],{},[30,7914,7915],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7916,7917],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7918,7919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7920,3689],{"class":3559},[20,7922,7923,7924,117],{},"This happens because both values are ",[382,7925,7260],{},[20,7927,7928,7930],{},[15,7929,3519],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7932,7933,7934,7939,7940,7942],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[195,7935,7937],{"href":7936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7938,2665],{},", because ",[15,7941,2665],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7944,267],{},[30,7946,7948],{"className":32,"code":7947,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7949,7950,7971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7951,7952,7955,7957,7960,7962,7964,7967,7969],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7953,7954],{"class":45},"user_value ",[39,7956,50],{"class":49},[39,7958,7959],{"class":136}," input",[39,7961,124],{"class":53},[39,7963,562],{"class":517},[39,7965,7966],{"class":521},"Enter True or False: ",[39,7968,562],{"class":517},[39,7970,130],{"class":53},[39,7972,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981,7984],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,7974,137],{"class":136},[39,7976,124],{"class":53},[39,7978,3575],{"class":478},[39,7980,124],{"class":53},[39,7982,7983],{"class":120},"user_value",[39,7985,486],{"class":53},[20,7987,7988,7989,7991,7992,7939,7994,7996],{},"If the user types ",[15,7990,3379],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7993,3308],{},[15,7995,6392],{}," is not empty.",[160,7998,8000],{"id":7999},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8002,8003,8004,8006,8007,8009],{},"In many ",[15,8005,6710],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8008,3519],{}," yourself.",[20,8011,8012],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8014,8015],{},"Instead of this:",[30,8017,8019],{"className":32,"code":8018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8020,8021,8042,8046,8060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8022,8023,8026,8028,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8024,8025],{"class":45},"my_list ",[39,8027,50],{"class":49},[39,8029,3327],{"class":53},[39,8031,58],{"class":57},[39,8033,61],{"class":53},[39,8035,64],{"class":57},[39,8037,61],{"class":53},[39,8039,69],{"class":57},[39,8041,3340],{"class":53},[39,8043,8044],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8045,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,8047,8048,8050,8052,8054,8057],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,8049,6710],{"class":3584},[39,8051,7696],{"class":478},[39,8053,124],{"class":53},[39,8055,8056],{"class":120},"my_list",[39,8058,8059],{"class":53},"):\n",[39,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8071,8073],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,8063,7785],{"class":136},[39,8065,124],{"class":53},[39,8067,562],{"class":517},[39,8069,8070],{"class":521},"List has items",[39,8072,562],{"class":517},[39,8074,130],{"class":53},[20,8076,8077],{},"You can simply write:",[30,8079,8081],{"className":32,"code":8080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8082,8083,8103,8107,8116],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8084,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8086,8025],{"class":45},[39,8088,50],{"class":49},[39,8090,3327],{"class":53},[39,8092,58],{"class":57},[39,8094,61],{"class":53},[39,8096,64],{"class":57},[39,8098,61],{"class":53},[39,8100,69],{"class":57},[39,8102,3340],{"class":53},[39,8104,8105],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8106,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,8108,8109,8111,8114],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,8110,6710],{"class":3584},[39,8112,8113],{"class":45}," my_list",[39,8115,6107],{"class":53},[39,8117,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,8119,7785],{"class":136},[39,8121,124],{"class":53},[39,8123,562],{"class":517},[39,8125,8070],{"class":521},[39,8127,562],{"class":517},[39,8129,130],{"class":53},[20,8131,8132],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8134,718,8135,8137],{},[15,8136,3519],{}," is still helpful when:",[176,8139,8140,8143,8151],{},[179,8141,8142],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[179,8144,8145,8146,1292,8148,8150],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8147,3308],{},[15,8149,3379],{}," value",[179,8152,8153],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8155,8156,8157,117],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[195,8158,8159],{"href":2005},"Python type() function explained",[160,8161,2537],{"id":2536},[20,8163,8164,8165,117],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8166,3519],{},[988,8168,8170,8171,8173,8174],{"id":8169},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8172,7845],{}," to return ",[15,8175,3379],{},[20,8177,8178],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[30,8180,8181],{"className":32,"code":7432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8182,8183],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8184,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197,8199],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8186,137],{"class":136},[39,8188,124],{"class":53},[39,8190,3575],{"class":478},[39,8192,124],{"class":53},[39,8194,562],{"class":517},[39,8196,3379],{"class":521},[39,8198,562],{"class":517},[39,8200,486],{"class":53},[20,8202,353],{},[30,8204,8205],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8206,8207],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8208,8209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8210,3689],{"class":3559},[20,8212,8213,8214,6393],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8215,6392],{},[20,8217,8218],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[30,8220,8222],{"className":32,"code":8221,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8223,8224,8236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8227,2154],{"class":45},[39,8229,50],{"class":49},[39,8231,572],{"class":517},[39,8233,3379],{"class":521},[39,8235,3062],{"class":517},[39,8237,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8239,137],{"class":136},[39,8241,124],{"class":53},[39,8243,2154],{"class":120},[39,8245,4398],{"class":49},[39,8247,572],{"class":517},[39,8249,3308],{"class":521},[39,8251,562],{"class":517},[39,8253,130],{"class":53},[20,8255,353],{},[30,8257,8258],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8259,8260],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8261,8262],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8263,3750],{"class":3559},[988,8265,8267],{"id":8266},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8269,8270,8272],{},[15,8271,2665],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[30,8274,8276],{"className":32,"code":8275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8277,8278,8297],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8279,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8293,8295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8281,2154],{"class":45},[39,8283,50],{"class":49},[39,8285,7959],{"class":136},[39,8287,124],{"class":53},[39,8289,562],{"class":517},[39,8291,8292],{"class":521},"Enter yes or no: ",[39,8294,562],{"class":517},[39,8296,130],{"class":53},[39,8298,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307,8309],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8300,137],{"class":136},[39,8302,124],{"class":53},[39,8304,3575],{"class":478},[39,8306,124],{"class":53},[39,8308,2179],{"class":120},[39,8310,486],{"class":53},[20,8312,7988,8313,8316,8317,8319,8320,7996],{},[15,8314,8315],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8318,3308],{}," because ",[15,8321,8322],{},"\"no\"",[20,8324,8325],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[30,8327,8329],{"className":32,"code":8328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8330,8331,8361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8332,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8350,8353,8356,8359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8334,2154],{"class":45},[39,8336,50],{"class":49},[39,8338,7959],{"class":136},[39,8340,124],{"class":53},[39,8342,562],{"class":517},[39,8344,8292],{"class":521},[39,8346,562],{"class":517},[39,8348,8349],{"class":53},").",[39,8351,8352],{"class":120},"strip",[39,8354,8355],{"class":53},"().",[39,8357,8358],{"class":120},"lower",[39,8360,1609],{"class":53},[39,8362,8363,8365,8367,8369,8371,8373,8376,8378],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8364,137],{"class":136},[39,8366,124],{"class":53},[39,8368,2154],{"class":120},[39,8370,4398],{"class":49},[39,8372,572],{"class":517},[39,8374,8375],{"class":521},"yes",[39,8377,562],{"class":517},[39,8379,130],{"class":53},[20,8381,8382,8383,8385,8386,117],{},"This gives ",[15,8384,3308],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8387,8375],{},[988,8389,8391],{"id":8390},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8393,8394],{},"These are different:",[176,8396,8397,8401,8405,8409,8413],{},[179,8398,8399],{},[15,8400,3379],{},[179,8402,8403],{},[15,8404,1826],{},[179,8406,8407],{},[15,8408,5986],{},[179,8410,8411],{},[15,8412,3493],{},[179,8414,8415],{},[15,8416,3484],{},[20,8418,8419,8420,1285,8422,8424],{},"They all become ",[15,8421,3379],{},[15,8423,3519],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8426,8427],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[30,8429,8431],{"className":32,"code":8430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8432,8433,8441,8455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8434,8435,8437,8439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8436,2154],{"class":45},[39,8438,50],{"class":49},[39,8440,7554],{"class":53},[39,8442,8443,8445,8447,8449,8451,8453],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8444,137],{"class":136},[39,8446,124],{"class":53},[39,8448,479],{"class":478},[39,8450,124],{"class":53},[39,8452,2179],{"class":120},[39,8454,486],{"class":53},[39,8456,8457,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,8458,137],{"class":136},[39,8460,124],{"class":53},[39,8462,3575],{"class":478},[39,8464,124],{"class":53},[39,8466,2179],{"class":120},[39,8468,486],{"class":53},[20,8470,353],{},[30,8472,8474],{"className":32,"code":8473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8475,8476,8490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8477,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8479,510],{"class":49},[39,8481,514],{"class":513},[39,8483,518],{"class":517},[39,8485,7810],{"class":521},[39,8487,524],{"class":517},[39,8489,527],{"class":49},[39,8491,8492],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8493,3750],{"class":3559},[988,8495,718,8497,8499],{"id":8496},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8498,3498],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8501,8502,8503,8505],{},"In Python, ",[15,8504,3498],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[30,8507,8509],{"className":32,"code":8508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8510,8511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8512,8513,8515,8517,8519],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8514,137],{"class":136},[39,8516,124],{"class":53},[39,8518,479],{"class":478},[39,8520,7171],{"class":53},[20,8522,353],{},[30,8524,8526],{"className":32,"code":8525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8527,8528],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8529,8530,8532,8534,8536,8539,8541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8531,510],{"class":49},[39,8533,514],{"class":513},[39,8535,518],{"class":517},[39,8537,8538],{"class":521},"dict",[39,8540,524],{"class":517},[39,8542,527],{"class":49},[20,8544,8545],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[30,8547,8549],{"className":32,"code":8548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8550,8551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8552,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8554,137],{"class":136},[39,8556,124],{"class":53},[39,8558,479],{"class":478},[39,8560,124],{"class":53},[39,8562,384],{"class":478},[39,8564,6003],{"class":53},[20,8566,353],{},[30,8568,8570],{"className":32,"code":8569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8571,8572],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8573,8574,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8575,510],{"class":49},[39,8577,514],{"class":513},[39,8579,518],{"class":517},[39,8581,384],{"class":521},[39,8583,524],{"class":517},[39,8585,527],{"class":49},[160,8587,8589],{"id":8588},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8591,8592,8593,8595],{},"If ",[15,8594,3519],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[30,8597,8599],{"className":32,"code":8598,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8600,8601,8615,8629,8639,8657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8602,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8604,137],{"class":136},[39,8606,124],{"class":53},[39,8608,3575],{"class":478},[39,8610,124],{"class":53},[39,8612,2179],{"class":120},[39,8614,486],{"class":53},[39,8616,8617,8619,8621,8623,8625,8627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8618,137],{"class":136},[39,8620,124],{"class":53},[39,8622,479],{"class":478},[39,8624,124],{"class":53},[39,8626,2179],{"class":120},[39,8628,486],{"class":53},[39,8630,8631,8633,8635,8637],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,8632,137],{"class":136},[39,8634,124],{"class":53},[39,8636,2179],{"class":120},[39,8638,130],{"class":53},[39,8640,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,8642,137],{"class":136},[39,8644,124],{"class":53},[39,8646,2154],{"class":120},[39,8648,4398],{"class":49},[39,8650,572],{"class":517},[39,8652,3308],{"class":521},[39,8654,562],{"class":517},[39,8656,130],{"class":53},[39,8658,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,8660,137],{"class":136},[39,8662,124],{"class":53},[39,8664,2179],{"class":120},[39,8666,117],{"class":53},[39,8668,8352],{"class":120},[39,8670,8355],{"class":53},[39,8672,8358],{"class":120},[39,8674,6907],{"class":53},[20,8676,8677],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[176,8679,8680,8683,8686,8689],{},[179,8681,8682],{},"what the value really is",[179,8684,8685],{},"whether it is a string",[179,8687,8688],{},"whether it contains spaces",[179,8690,8691],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8693,8694,8695,117],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[195,8696,8698],{"href":8697},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[160,8700,1563],{"id":1562},[988,8702,8704],{"id":8703},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8706,8707,8708,1292,8710,117],{},"It returns either ",[15,8709,3308],{},[15,8711,3379],{},[988,8713,8715],{"id":8714},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8717,4859,8718,117],{},[15,8719,3379],{},[988,8721,8723],{"id":8722},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8725,8726,8727,117],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8728,3308],{},[988,8730,8732],{"id":8731},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8734,8735,8736,117],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8737,3379],{},[988,8739,8741],{"id":8740},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8743,8744,8745,1292,8747,3443],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8746,3308],{},[15,8748,3379],{},[160,8750,1613],{"id":1612},[176,8752,8753,8758,8762,8767,8771,8776],{},[179,8754,8755],{},[195,8756,8757],{"href":5490},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[179,8759,8760],{},[195,8761,7826],{"href":7825},[179,8763,8764],{},[195,8765,8766],{"href":7936},"Python input() function explained",[179,8768,8769],{},[195,8770,8159],{"href":2005},[179,8772,8773],{},[195,8774,8775],{"href":8697},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[179,8777,8778],{},[195,8779,8780],{"href":6923},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1642,8782,8783],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":8785},[8786,8787,8788,8789,8790,8791,8797,8803,8804,8812,8813,8820],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":6860,"depth":75,"text":6861},{"id":6927,"depth":75,"text":6928},{"id":7046,"depth":75,"text":7047},{"id":7241,"depth":75,"text":7242},{"id":7473,"depth":75,"text":7474,"children":8792},[8793,8794,8795,8796],{"id":7483,"depth":99,"text":7484},{"id":7581,"depth":99,"text":7582},{"id":7666,"depth":99,"text":7667},{"id":7739,"depth":99,"text":7740},{"id":7829,"depth":75,"text":7830,"children":8798},[8799,8801],{"id":7842,"depth":99,"text":8800},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7882,"depth":99,"text":8802},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7999,"depth":75,"text":8000},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":8805},[8806,8808,8809,8810],{"id":8169,"depth":99,"text":8807},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8266,"depth":99,"text":8267},{"id":8390,"depth":99,"text":8391},{"id":8496,"depth":99,"text":8811},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8588,"depth":75,"text":8589},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":8814},[8815,8816,8817,8818,8819],{"id":8703,"depth":99,"text":8704},{"id":8714,"depth":99,"text":8715},{"id":8722,"depth":99,"text":8723},{"id":8731,"depth":99,"text":8732},{"id":8740,"depth":99,"text":8741},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6687,"description":8821},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8828,"title":8829,"body":8830,"description":11018,"extension":1670,"meta":11019,"navigation":102,"path":11020,"seo":11021,"stem":11022,"__hash__":11023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8831,"toc":10980},[8832,8838,8844,8851,8856,8867,8874,8982,8986,9053,9058,9063,9068,9071,9082,9087,9090,9101,9108,9110,9115,9119,9144,9148,9157,9161,9224,9228,9261,9265,9310,9314,9351,9355,9358,9413,9417,9463,9466,9471,9510,9514,9537,9540,9554,9567,9571,9576,9643,9647,9683,9686,9694,9697,9761,9765,9797,9803,9805,9865,9872,9875,9953,9957,9990,9994,9997,10041,10045,10081,10084,10101,10104,10107,10160,10163,10174,10181,10190,10193,10250,10254,10295,10302,10310,10316,10324,10336,10341,10352,10425,10428,10440,10455,10459,10464,10468,10470,10513,10519,10522,10585,10589,10592,10601,10606,10643,10647,10650,10658,10661,10700,10704,10707,10758,10762,10783,10790,10792,10798,10825,10828,10882,10885,10896,10898,10905,10913,10919,10924,10931,10934,10941,10948,10950,10977],[10,8833,13,8835,3283],{"id":8834},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8836,8837],{},"dict()",[20,8839,8840,8841,8843],{},"The built-in ",[15,8842,8837],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8845,8846,8847,8850],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[382,8848,8849],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8852,8853,8855],{},[15,8854,8837],{}," is commonly used to:",[176,8857,8858,8861,8864],{},[179,8859,8860],{},"create an empty dictionary",[179,8862,8863],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,8865,8866],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8868,8869,8870,117],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[195,8871,8873],{"href":8872},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[30,8875,8877],{"className":32,"code":8876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8878,8879,8914,8925,8929,8967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8880,8881,8884,8886,8889,8891,8894,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904,8907,8909,8912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8882,8883],{"class":45},"data ",[39,8885,50],{"class":49},[39,8887,8888],{"class":478}," dict",[39,8890,124],{"class":53},[39,8892,7382],{"class":8893},"s99_P",[39,8895,50],{"class":49},[39,8897,524],{"class":517},[39,8899,4714],{"class":521},[39,8901,524],{"class":517},[39,8903,61],{"class":53},[39,8905,8906],{"class":8893}," age",[39,8908,50],{"class":49},[39,8910,8911],{"class":57},"25",[39,8913,130],{"class":53},[39,8915,8916,8918,8920,8923],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,8917,137],{"class":136},[39,8919,124],{"class":53},[39,8921,8922],{"class":120},"data",[39,8924,130],{"class":53},[39,8926,8927],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,8928,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,8930,8931,8934,8936,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8952,8954,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,8932,8933],{"class":45},"pairs ",[39,8935,50],{"class":49},[39,8937,8938],{"class":53}," [(",[39,8940,524],{"class":517},[39,8942,195],{"class":521},[39,8944,524],{"class":517},[39,8946,61],{"class":53},[39,8948,5210],{"class":57},[39,8950,8951],{"class":53},"),",[39,8953,933],{"class":53},[39,8955,524],{"class":517},[39,8957,127],{"class":521},[39,8959,524],{"class":517},[39,8961,61],{"class":53},[39,8963,64],{"class":57},[39,8965,8966],{"class":53},")]\n",[39,8968,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8980],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,8970,137],{"class":136},[39,8972,124],{"class":53},[39,8974,8538],{"class":478},[39,8976,124],{"class":53},[39,8978,8979],{"class":120},"pairs",[39,8981,486],{"class":53},[20,8983,8984],{},[382,8985,353],{},[30,8987,8989],{"className":32,"code":8988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8990,8991,9025],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8992,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9011,9013,9016,9018,9020,9023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8994,363],{"class":53},[39,8996,524],{"class":517},[39,8998,7382],{"class":521},[39,9000,524],{"class":517},[39,9002,1250],{"class":53},[39,9004,518],{"class":517},[39,9006,4714],{"class":521},[39,9008,524],{"class":517},[39,9010,61],{"class":53},[39,9012,518],{"class":517},[39,9014,9015],{"class":521},"age",[39,9017,524],{"class":517},[39,9019,1250],{"class":53},[39,9021,9022],{"class":57}," 25",[39,9024,72],{"class":53},[39,9026,9027,9029,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9028,363],{"class":53},[39,9030,524],{"class":517},[39,9032,195],{"class":521},[39,9034,524],{"class":517},[39,9036,1250],{"class":53},[39,9038,5210],{"class":57},[39,9040,61],{"class":53},[39,9042,518],{"class":517},[39,9044,127],{"class":521},[39,9046,524],{"class":517},[39,9048,1250],{"class":53},[39,9050,64],{"class":57},[39,9052,72],{"class":53},[20,9054,154,9055,9057],{},[15,9056,8837],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[160,9059,3383,9061,3386],{"id":9060},"what-dict-does",[15,9062,8837],{},[20,9064,9065,9067],{},[15,9066,8837],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9069,9070],{},"A dictionary:",[176,9072,9073,9076,9079],{},[179,9074,9075],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[179,9077,9078],{},"lets you look up values by key",[179,9080,9081],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9083,9084,9086],{},[15,9085,8837],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9088,9089],{},"Common uses include:",[176,9091,9092,9095,9098],{},[179,9093,9094],{},"making an empty dictionary",[179,9096,9097],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[179,9099,9100],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9102,9103,9104,117],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[195,9105,9107],{"href":9106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[160,9109,202],{"id":201},[20,9111,9112,9114],{},[15,9113,8837],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[988,9116,9118],{"id":9117},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[30,9120,9122],{"className":32,"code":9121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9123,9124,9134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9125,9126,9128,9130,9132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9127,8883],{"class":45},[39,9129,50],{"class":49},[39,9131,8888],{"class":478},[39,9133,1609],{"class":53},[39,9135,9136,9138,9140,9142],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9137,137],{"class":136},[39,9139,124],{"class":53},[39,9141,8922],{"class":120},[39,9143,130],{"class":53},[20,9145,9146],{},[382,9147,353],{},[30,9149,9151],{"className":32,"code":9150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{}\n",[15,9152,9153],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9154,9155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9156,9150],{"class":53},[988,9158,9160],{"id":9159},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[30,9162,9164],{"className":32,"code":9163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9165,9166,9200,9214],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9167,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9169,8933],{"class":45},[39,9171,50],{"class":49},[39,9173,8938],{"class":53},[39,9175,524],{"class":517},[39,9177,195],{"class":521},[39,9179,524],{"class":517},[39,9181,61],{"class":53},[39,9183,5210],{"class":57},[39,9185,8951],{"class":53},[39,9187,933],{"class":53},[39,9189,524],{"class":517},[39,9191,127],{"class":521},[39,9193,524],{"class":517},[39,9195,61],{"class":53},[39,9197,64],{"class":57},[39,9199,8966],{"class":53},[39,9201,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210,9212],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9203,8883],{"class":45},[39,9205,50],{"class":49},[39,9207,8888],{"class":478},[39,9209,124],{"class":53},[39,9211,8979],{"class":120},[39,9213,130],{"class":53},[39,9215,9216,9218,9220,9222],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,9217,137],{"class":136},[39,9219,124],{"class":53},[39,9221,8922],{"class":120},[39,9223,130],{"class":53},[20,9225,9226],{},[382,9227,353],{},[30,9229,9231],{"className":32,"code":9230,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9232,9233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9234,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9236,363],{"class":53},[39,9238,524],{"class":517},[39,9240,195],{"class":521},[39,9242,524],{"class":517},[39,9244,1250],{"class":53},[39,9246,5210],{"class":57},[39,9248,61],{"class":53},[39,9250,518],{"class":517},[39,9252,127],{"class":521},[39,9254,524],{"class":517},[39,9256,1250],{"class":53},[39,9258,64],{"class":57},[39,9260,72],{"class":53},[988,9262,9264],{"id":9263},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[30,9266,9268],{"className":32,"code":9267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9269,9270,9300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9271,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294,9296,9298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9273,8883],{"class":45},[39,9275,50],{"class":49},[39,9277,8888],{"class":478},[39,9279,124],{"class":53},[39,9281,7382],{"class":8893},[39,9283,50],{"class":49},[39,9285,524],{"class":517},[39,9287,4714],{"class":521},[39,9289,524],{"class":517},[39,9291,61],{"class":53},[39,9293,8906],{"class":8893},[39,9295,50],{"class":49},[39,9297,8911],{"class":57},[39,9299,130],{"class":53},[39,9301,9302,9304,9306,9308],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9303,137],{"class":136},[39,9305,124],{"class":53},[39,9307,8922],{"class":120},[39,9309,130],{"class":53},[20,9311,9312],{},[382,9313,353],{},[30,9315,9317],{"className":32,"code":9316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9318,9319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9320,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9322,363],{"class":53},[39,9324,524],{"class":517},[39,9326,7382],{"class":521},[39,9328,524],{"class":517},[39,9330,1250],{"class":53},[39,9332,518],{"class":517},[39,9334,4714],{"class":521},[39,9336,524],{"class":517},[39,9338,61],{"class":53},[39,9340,518],{"class":517},[39,9342,9015],{"class":521},[39,9344,524],{"class":517},[39,9346,1250],{"class":53},[39,9348,9022],{"class":57},[39,9350,72],{"class":53},[988,9352,9354],{"id":9353},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9356,9357],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[30,9359,9361],{"className":32,"code":9360,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9362,9363,9403],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9364,9365,9367,9369,9371,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9387,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9366,8883],{"class":45},[39,9368,50],{"class":49},[39,9370,8888],{"class":478},[39,9372,9373],{"class":53},"([(",[39,9375,524],{"class":517},[39,9377,195],{"class":521},[39,9379,524],{"class":517},[39,9381,61],{"class":53},[39,9383,5210],{"class":57},[39,9385,9386],{"class":53},")],",[39,9388,2266],{"class":8893},[39,9390,50],{"class":49},[39,9392,85],{"class":57},[39,9394,61],{"class":53},[39,9396,833],{"class":8893},[39,9398,50],{"class":49},[39,9400,307],{"class":57},[39,9402,130],{"class":53},[39,9404,9405,9407,9409,9411],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9406,137],{"class":136},[39,9408,124],{"class":53},[39,9410,8922],{"class":120},[39,9412,130],{"class":53},[20,9414,9415],{},[382,9416,353],{},[30,9418,9420],{"className":32,"code":9419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9421,9422],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9423,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9455,9457,9459,9461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9425,363],{"class":53},[39,9427,524],{"class":517},[39,9429,195],{"class":521},[39,9431,524],{"class":517},[39,9433,1250],{"class":53},[39,9435,5210],{"class":57},[39,9437,61],{"class":53},[39,9439,518],{"class":517},[39,9441,127],{"class":521},[39,9443,524],{"class":517},[39,9445,1250],{"class":53},[39,9447,64],{"class":57},[39,9449,61],{"class":53},[39,9451,518],{"class":517},[39,9453,9454],{"class":521},"c",[39,9456,524],{"class":517},[39,9458,1250],{"class":53},[39,9460,69],{"class":57},[39,9462,72],{"class":53},[160,9464,9118],{"id":9465},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9467,154,9468,9470],{},[15,9469,8837],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[30,9472,9474],{"className":32,"code":9473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9475,9476,9486,9500],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9477,9478,9480,9482,9484],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9479,8883],{"class":45},[39,9481,50],{"class":49},[39,9483,8888],{"class":478},[39,9485,1609],{"class":53},[39,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9489,137],{"class":136},[39,9491,124],{"class":53},[39,9493,479],{"class":478},[39,9495,124],{"class":53},[39,9497,8922],{"class":120},[39,9499,486],{"class":53},[39,9501,9502,9504,9506,9508],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,9503,137],{"class":136},[39,9505,124],{"class":53},[39,9507,8922],{"class":120},[39,9509,130],{"class":53},[20,9511,9512],{},[382,9513,353],{},[30,9515,9517],{"className":32,"code":9516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9518,9519,9533],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9520,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9522,510],{"class":49},[39,9524,514],{"class":513},[39,9526,518],{"class":517},[39,9528,8538],{"class":521},[39,9530,524],{"class":517},[39,9532,527],{"class":49},[39,9534,9535],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9536,9150],{"class":53},[20,9538,9539],{},"This gives the same result as:",[30,9541,9543],{"className":32,"code":9542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n",[15,9544,9545],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9546,9547,9549,9551],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9548,8883],{"class":45},[39,9550,50],{"class":49},[39,9552,9553],{"class":53}," {}\n",[20,9555,9556,9557,9559,9560,9563,9564,9566],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9558,3498],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9561,9562],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9565,8837],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[160,9568,9570],{"id":9569},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9572,9573,9574,117],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9575,8837],{},[30,9577,9579],{"className":32,"code":9578,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9580,9581,9619,9633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9582,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9584,8933],{"class":45},[39,9586,50],{"class":49},[39,9588,8938],{"class":53},[39,9590,524],{"class":517},[39,9592,7382],{"class":521},[39,9594,524],{"class":517},[39,9596,61],{"class":53},[39,9598,518],{"class":517},[39,9600,4714],{"class":521},[39,9602,524],{"class":517},[39,9604,8951],{"class":53},[39,9606,933],{"class":53},[39,9608,524],{"class":517},[39,9610,9015],{"class":521},[39,9612,524],{"class":517},[39,9614,61],{"class":53},[39,9616,9022],{"class":57},[39,9618,8966],{"class":53},[39,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9622,8883],{"class":45},[39,9624,50],{"class":49},[39,9626,8888],{"class":478},[39,9628,124],{"class":53},[39,9630,8979],{"class":120},[39,9632,130],{"class":53},[39,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,9636,137],{"class":136},[39,9638,124],{"class":53},[39,9640,8922],{"class":120},[39,9642,130],{"class":53},[20,9644,9645],{},[382,9646,353],{},[30,9648,9649],{"className":32,"code":9316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9650,9651],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9652,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9654,363],{"class":53},[39,9656,524],{"class":517},[39,9658,7382],{"class":521},[39,9660,524],{"class":517},[39,9662,1250],{"class":53},[39,9664,518],{"class":517},[39,9666,4714],{"class":521},[39,9668,524],{"class":517},[39,9670,61],{"class":53},[39,9672,518],{"class":517},[39,9674,9015],{"class":521},[39,9676,524],{"class":517},[39,9678,1250],{"class":53},[39,9680,9022],{"class":57},[39,9682,72],{"class":53},[20,9684,9685],{},"Each pair becomes:",[176,9687,9688,9691],{},[179,9689,9690],{},"the first item as the key",[179,9692,9693],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9695,9696],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[30,9698,9700],{"className":32,"code":9699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9701,9702,9737,9751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9703,9704,9706,9708,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9705,8933],{"class":45},[39,9707,50],{"class":49},[39,9709,9710],{"class":53}," ((",[39,9712,524],{"class":517},[39,9714,195],{"class":521},[39,9716,524],{"class":517},[39,9718,61],{"class":53},[39,9720,5210],{"class":57},[39,9722,8951],{"class":53},[39,9724,933],{"class":53},[39,9726,524],{"class":517},[39,9728,127],{"class":521},[39,9730,524],{"class":517},[39,9732,61],{"class":53},[39,9734,64],{"class":57},[39,9736,486],{"class":53},[39,9738,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9740,8883],{"class":45},[39,9742,50],{"class":49},[39,9744,8888],{"class":478},[39,9746,124],{"class":53},[39,9748,8979],{"class":120},[39,9750,130],{"class":53},[39,9752,9753,9755,9757,9759],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,9754,137],{"class":136},[39,9756,124],{"class":53},[39,9758,8922],{"class":120},[39,9760,130],{"class":53},[20,9762,9763],{},[382,9764,353],{},[30,9766,9767],{"className":32,"code":9230,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9768,9769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9770,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9772,363],{"class":53},[39,9774,524],{"class":517},[39,9776,195],{"class":521},[39,9778,524],{"class":517},[39,9780,1250],{"class":53},[39,9782,5210],{"class":57},[39,9784,61],{"class":53},[39,9786,518],{"class":517},[39,9788,127],{"class":521},[39,9790,524],{"class":517},[39,9792,1250],{"class":53},[39,9794,64],{"class":57},[39,9796,72],{"class":53},[20,9798,9799,9800,117],{},"Each item must contain ",[382,9801,9802],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9804,2544],{},[30,9806,9808],{"className":32,"code":9807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9809,9810,9850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9811,9812,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9813,9814],{"class":45},"bad_data ",[39,9816,50],{"class":49},[39,9818,8938],{"class":53},[39,9820,524],{"class":517},[39,9822,195],{"class":521},[39,9824,524],{"class":517},[39,9826,61],{"class":53},[39,9828,5210],{"class":57},[39,9830,61],{"class":53},[39,9832,9833],{"class":57}," 100",[39,9835,8951],{"class":53},[39,9837,933],{"class":53},[39,9839,524],{"class":517},[39,9841,127],{"class":521},[39,9843,524],{"class":517},[39,9845,61],{"class":53},[39,9847,64],{"class":57},[39,9849,8966],{"class":53},[39,9851,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9863],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9853,109],{"class":45},[39,9855,50],{"class":49},[39,9857,8888],{"class":478},[39,9859,124],{"class":53},[39,9861,9862],{"class":120},"bad_data",[39,9864,130],{"class":53},[20,9866,9867,9868,9871],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9869,9870],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9873,9874],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[30,9876,9878],{"className":32,"code":9877,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9879,9880,9929,9943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9881,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9883,8933],{"class":45},[39,9885,50],{"class":49},[39,9887,8938],{"class":53},[39,9889,524],{"class":517},[39,9891,195],{"class":521},[39,9893,524],{"class":517},[39,9895,61],{"class":53},[39,9897,5210],{"class":57},[39,9899,8951],{"class":53},[39,9901,933],{"class":53},[39,9903,524],{"class":517},[39,9905,195],{"class":521},[39,9907,524],{"class":517},[39,9909,61],{"class":53},[39,9911,9912],{"class":57}," 99",[39,9914,8951],{"class":53},[39,9916,933],{"class":53},[39,9918,524],{"class":517},[39,9920,127],{"class":521},[39,9922,524],{"class":517},[39,9924,61],{"class":53},[39,9926,64],{"class":57},[39,9928,8966],{"class":53},[39,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,9932,8883],{"class":45},[39,9934,50],{"class":49},[39,9936,8888],{"class":478},[39,9938,124],{"class":53},[39,9940,8979],{"class":120},[39,9942,130],{"class":53},[39,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,9946,137],{"class":136},[39,9948,124],{"class":53},[39,9950,8922],{"class":120},[39,9952,130],{"class":53},[20,9954,9955],{},[382,9956,353],{},[30,9958,9960],{"className":32,"code":9959,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9961,9962],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9963,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9965,363],{"class":53},[39,9967,524],{"class":517},[39,9969,195],{"class":521},[39,9971,524],{"class":517},[39,9973,1250],{"class":53},[39,9975,9912],{"class":57},[39,9977,61],{"class":53},[39,9979,518],{"class":517},[39,9981,127],{"class":521},[39,9983,524],{"class":517},[39,9985,1250],{"class":53},[39,9987,64],{"class":57},[39,9989,72],{"class":53},[160,9991,9993],{"id":9992},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9995,9996],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[30,9998,9999],{"className":32,"code":9267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10000,10001,10031],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10002,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10004,8883],{"class":45},[39,10006,50],{"class":49},[39,10008,8888],{"class":478},[39,10010,124],{"class":53},[39,10012,7382],{"class":8893},[39,10014,50],{"class":49},[39,10016,524],{"class":517},[39,10018,4714],{"class":521},[39,10020,524],{"class":517},[39,10022,61],{"class":53},[39,10024,8906],{"class":8893},[39,10026,50],{"class":49},[39,10028,8911],{"class":57},[39,10030,130],{"class":53},[39,10032,10033,10035,10037,10039],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10034,137],{"class":136},[39,10036,124],{"class":53},[39,10038,8922],{"class":120},[39,10040,130],{"class":53},[20,10042,10043],{},[382,10044,353],{},[30,10046,10047],{"className":32,"code":9316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10048,10049],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10050,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10052,363],{"class":53},[39,10054,524],{"class":517},[39,10056,7382],{"class":521},[39,10058,524],{"class":517},[39,10060,1250],{"class":53},[39,10062,518],{"class":517},[39,10064,4714],{"class":521},[39,10066,524],{"class":517},[39,10068,61],{"class":53},[39,10070,518],{"class":517},[39,10072,9015],{"class":521},[39,10074,524],{"class":517},[39,10076,1250],{"class":53},[39,10078,9022],{"class":57},[39,10080,72],{"class":53},[20,10082,10083],{},"In this form:",[176,10085,10086,10094],{},[179,10087,10088,10090,10091],{},[15,10089,7382],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10092,10093],{},"'name'",[179,10095,10096,10090,10098],{},[15,10097,9015],{},[15,10099,10100],{},"'age'",[20,10102,10103],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10105,10106],{},"Valid examples:",[30,10108,10110],{"className":32,"code":10109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10111,10112,10150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10113,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10125,10127,10129,10132,10134,10136,10139,10141,10143,10146,10148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10115,8883],{"class":45},[39,10117,50],{"class":49},[39,10119,8888],{"class":478},[39,10121,124],{"class":53},[39,10123,10124],{"class":8893},"city",[39,10126,50],{"class":49},[39,10128,524],{"class":517},[39,10130,10131],{"class":521},"Paris",[39,10133,524],{"class":517},[39,10135,61],{"class":53},[39,10137,10138],{"class":8893}," country",[39,10140,50],{"class":49},[39,10142,524],{"class":517},[39,10144,10145],{"class":521},"France",[39,10147,524],{"class":517},[39,10149,130],{"class":53},[39,10151,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10153,137],{"class":136},[39,10155,124],{"class":53},[39,10157,8922],{"class":120},[39,10159,130],{"class":53},[20,10161,10162],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[176,10164,10165,10168,10171],{},[179,10166,10167],{},"spaces",[179,10169,10170],{},"hyphens",[179,10172,10173],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10175,10176,10177,10180],{},"For example, this is ",[382,10178,10179],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[30,10182,10184],{"className":32,"code":10183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10185,10186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10187,10188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10189,10183],{"class":150},[20,10191,10192],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[30,10194,10196],{"className":32,"code":10195,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10197,10198,10240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10199,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10201,8883],{"class":45},[39,10203,50],{"class":49},[39,10205,54],{"class":53},[39,10207,524],{"class":517},[39,10209,10210],{"class":521},"first-name",[39,10212,524],{"class":517},[39,10214,1250],{"class":53},[39,10216,518],{"class":517},[39,10218,7391],{"class":521},[39,10220,524],{"class":517},[39,10222,61],{"class":53},[39,10224,518],{"class":517},[39,10226,10227],{"class":521},"first name",[39,10229,524],{"class":517},[39,10231,1250],{"class":53},[39,10233,518],{"class":517},[39,10235,7391],{"class":521},[39,10237,524],{"class":517},[39,10239,72],{"class":53},[39,10241,10242,10244,10246,10248],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10243,137],{"class":136},[39,10245,124],{"class":53},[39,10247,8922],{"class":120},[39,10249,130],{"class":53},[20,10251,10252],{},[382,10253,353],{},[30,10255,10257],{"className":32,"code":10256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10258,10259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10260,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10262,363],{"class":53},[39,10264,524],{"class":517},[39,10266,10210],{"class":521},[39,10268,524],{"class":517},[39,10270,1250],{"class":53},[39,10272,518],{"class":517},[39,10274,7391],{"class":521},[39,10276,524],{"class":517},[39,10278,61],{"class":53},[39,10280,518],{"class":517},[39,10282,10227],{"class":521},[39,10284,524],{"class":517},[39,10286,1250],{"class":53},[39,10288,518],{"class":517},[39,10290,7391],{"class":521},[39,10292,524],{"class":517},[39,10294,72],{"class":53},[160,10296,10298,980,10300],{"id":10297},"dict-vs",[15,10299,8837],{},[15,10301,3498],{},[20,10303,10304,10305,4104,10307,10309],{},"Both ",[15,10306,8837],{},[15,10308,3498],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[988,10311,154,10313,10315],{"id":10312},"use-when",[15,10314,3498],{}," when:",[176,10317,10318,10321],{},[179,10319,10320],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[179,10322,10323],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[30,10325,10326],{"className":32,"code":9542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10327,10328],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10329,10330,10332,10334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10331,8883],{"class":45},[39,10333,50],{"class":49},[39,10335,9553],{"class":53},[988,10337,154,10339,10315],{"id":10338},"use-dict-when",[15,10340,8837],{},[176,10342,10343,10346,10349],{},[179,10344,10345],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,10347,10348],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[179,10350,10351],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[30,10353,10355],{"className":32,"code":10354,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10356,10357,10394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10358,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10360,8883],{"class":45},[39,10362,50],{"class":49},[39,10364,8888],{"class":478},[39,10366,9373],{"class":53},[39,10368,524],{"class":517},[39,10370,195],{"class":521},[39,10372,524],{"class":517},[39,10374,61],{"class":53},[39,10376,5210],{"class":57},[39,10378,8951],{"class":53},[39,10380,933],{"class":53},[39,10382,524],{"class":517},[39,10384,127],{"class":521},[39,10386,524],{"class":517},[39,10388,61],{"class":53},[39,10390,64],{"class":57},[39,10392,10393],{"class":53},")])\n",[39,10395,10396,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10397,10398],{"class":45},"info ",[39,10400,50],{"class":49},[39,10402,8888],{"class":478},[39,10404,124],{"class":53},[39,10406,7382],{"class":8893},[39,10408,50],{"class":49},[39,10410,524],{"class":517},[39,10412,4714],{"class":521},[39,10414,524],{"class":517},[39,10416,61],{"class":53},[39,10418,8906],{"class":8893},[39,10420,50],{"class":49},[39,10422,8911],{"class":57},[39,10424,130],{"class":53},[20,10426,10427],{},"So:",[176,10429,10430,10435],{},[179,10431,10432,10434],{},[15,10433,3498],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[179,10436,10437,10439],{},[15,10438,8837],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10441,10442,10443,10447,10448,117],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[195,10444,10446],{"href":10445},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[195,10449,10451,10452,1627],{"href":10450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10453,10454],{},"get()",[160,10456,10458],{"id":10457},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10460,10461,10462,117],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10463,8837],{},[988,10465,10467],{"id":10466},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10469,4235],{},[30,10471,10473],{"className":32,"code":10472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10474,10475,10499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10476,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10478,7494],{"class":45},[39,10480,50],{"class":49},[39,10482,3327],{"class":53},[39,10484,524],{"class":517},[39,10486,195],{"class":521},[39,10488,524],{"class":517},[39,10490,61],{"class":53},[39,10492,518],{"class":517},[39,10494,127],{"class":521},[39,10496,524],{"class":517},[39,10498,3340],{"class":53},[39,10500,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10502,8883],{"class":45},[39,10504,50],{"class":49},[39,10506,8888],{"class":478},[39,10508,124],{"class":53},[39,10510,7525],{"class":120},[39,10512,130],{"class":53},[20,10514,10515,10516,117],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10517,10518],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10520,10521],{},"Correct version:",[30,10523,10525],{"className":32,"code":10524,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10526,10527,10561,10575],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10528,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10530,7494],{"class":45},[39,10532,50],{"class":49},[39,10534,8938],{"class":53},[39,10536,524],{"class":517},[39,10538,195],{"class":521},[39,10540,524],{"class":517},[39,10542,61],{"class":53},[39,10544,5210],{"class":57},[39,10546,8951],{"class":53},[39,10548,933],{"class":53},[39,10550,524],{"class":517},[39,10552,127],{"class":521},[39,10554,524],{"class":517},[39,10556,61],{"class":53},[39,10558,64],{"class":57},[39,10560,8966],{"class":53},[39,10562,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10564,8883],{"class":45},[39,10566,50],{"class":49},[39,10568,8888],{"class":478},[39,10570,124],{"class":53},[39,10572,7525],{"class":120},[39,10574,130],{"class":53},[39,10576,10577,10579,10581,10583],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,10578,137],{"class":136},[39,10580,124],{"class":53},[39,10582,8922],{"class":120},[39,10584,130],{"class":53},[988,10586,10588],{"id":10587},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10590,10591],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[30,10593,10595],{"className":32,"code":10594,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10596,10597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10598,10599],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10600,10594],{"class":150},[20,10602,10603,10604,1250],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10605,50],{},[30,10607,10609],{"className":32,"code":10608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10610,10611,10633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10612,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10614,8883],{"class":45},[39,10616,50],{"class":49},[39,10618,8888],{"class":478},[39,10620,124],{"class":53},[39,10622,7382],{"class":8893},[39,10624,50],{"class":49},[39,10626,524],{"class":517},[39,10628,4714],{"class":521},[39,10630,524],{"class":517},[39,10632,130],{"class":53},[39,10634,10635,10637,10639,10641],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10636,137],{"class":136},[39,10638,124],{"class":53},[39,10640,8922],{"class":120},[39,10642,130],{"class":53},[988,10644,10646],{"id":10645},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10648,10649],{},"This will not work:",[30,10651,10652],{"className":32,"code":10183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10653,10654],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10655,10656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10657,10183],{"class":150},[20,10659,10660],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[30,10662,10664],{"className":32,"code":10663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10665,10666,10690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10667,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10669,8883],{"class":45},[39,10671,50],{"class":49},[39,10673,54],{"class":53},[39,10675,524],{"class":517},[39,10677,10210],{"class":521},[39,10679,524],{"class":517},[39,10681,1250],{"class":53},[39,10683,518],{"class":517},[39,10685,7391],{"class":521},[39,10687,524],{"class":517},[39,10689,72],{"class":53},[39,10691,10692,10694,10696,10698],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10693,137],{"class":136},[39,10695,124],{"class":53},[39,10697,8922],{"class":120},[39,10699,130],{"class":53},[988,10701,10703],{"id":10702},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10705,10706],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[30,10708,10710],{"className":32,"code":10709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10711,10712,10748],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10713,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10715,8883],{"class":45},[39,10717,50],{"class":49},[39,10719,8888],{"class":478},[39,10721,9373],{"class":53},[39,10723,524],{"class":517},[39,10725,1880],{"class":521},[39,10727,524],{"class":517},[39,10729,61],{"class":53},[39,10731,5210],{"class":57},[39,10733,8951],{"class":53},[39,10735,933],{"class":53},[39,10737,524],{"class":517},[39,10739,1880],{"class":521},[39,10741,524],{"class":517},[39,10743,61],{"class":53},[39,10745,64],{"class":57},[39,10747,10393],{"class":53},[39,10749,10750,10752,10754,10756],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10751,137],{"class":136},[39,10753,124],{"class":53},[39,10755,8922],{"class":120},[39,10757,130],{"class":53},[20,10759,10760],{},[382,10761,353],{},[30,10763,10765],{"className":32,"code":10764,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10766,10767],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10768,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10770,363],{"class":53},[39,10772,524],{"class":517},[39,10774,1880],{"class":521},[39,10776,524],{"class":517},[39,10778,1250],{"class":53},[39,10780,64],{"class":57},[39,10782,72],{"class":53},[20,10784,10785,10786,117],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[195,10787,10789],{"href":10788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[160,10791,2537],{"id":2536},[20,10793,10794,10795,10797],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10796,8837],{}," include:",[176,10799,10800,10810,10816,10819],{},[179,10801,10802,10803,10806,10807],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10804,10805],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10808,10809],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[179,10811,10812,10813],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10814,10815],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[179,10817,10818],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[179,10820,10821,10822,10824],{},"confusing ",[15,10823,8837],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10826,10827],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[30,10829,10831],{"className":32,"code":10830,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10832,10833,10847,10857,10868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10834,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10836,137],{"class":136},[39,10838,124],{"class":53},[39,10840,479],{"class":478},[39,10842,124],{"class":53},[39,10844,8922],{"class":120},[39,10846,486],{"class":53},[39,10848,10849,10851,10853,10855],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,10850,137],{"class":136},[39,10852,124],{"class":53},[39,10854,8922],{"class":120},[39,10856,130],{"class":53},[39,10858,10859,10861,10863,10866],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,10860,137],{"class":136},[39,10862,124],{"class":53},[39,10864,10865],{"class":120},"list_of_pairs",[39,10867,130],{"class":53},[39,10869,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,10871,137],{"class":136},[39,10873,124],{"class":53},[39,10875,1361],{"class":136},[39,10877,124],{"class":53},[39,10879,10865],{"class":120},[39,10881,486],{"class":53},[20,10883,10884],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[176,10886,10887,10890,10893],{},[179,10888,10889],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[179,10891,10892],{},"what data is being passed in",[179,10894,10895],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[160,10897,1563],{"id":1562},[988,10899,4890,10901,4104,10903,2199],{"id":10900},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10902,8837],{},[15,10904,3498],{},[20,10906,10907,10909,10910,10912],{},[15,10908,3498],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10911,8837],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[988,10914,1577,10916,10918],{"id":10915},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10917,8837],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10920,10921,10922,117],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10923,10809],{},[988,10925,4869,10927,10930],{"id":10926},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10928,10929],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10932,10933],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[988,10935,10937,10938,10940],{"id":10936},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10939,8837],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10942,10943,10944,10947],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10945,10946],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[160,10949,1613],{"id":1612},[176,10951,10952,10957,10961,10966,10972],{},[179,10953,10954],{},[195,10955,10956],{"href":9106},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[179,10958,10959],{},[195,10960,8873],{"href":8872},[179,10962,10963],{},[195,10964,10965],{"href":10445},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[179,10967,10968],{},[195,10969,10451,10970,1627],{"href":10450},[15,10971,10454],{},[179,10973,10974],{},[195,10975,10976],{"href":10788},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1642,10978,10979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":10981},[10982,10984,10990,10991,10992,10993,11000,11006,11007,11017],{"id":9060,"depth":75,"text":10983},"What dict() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":10985},[10986,10987,10988,10989],{"id":9117,"depth":99,"text":9118},{"id":9159,"depth":99,"text":9160},{"id":9263,"depth":99,"text":9264},{"id":9353,"depth":99,"text":9354},{"id":9465,"depth":75,"text":9118},{"id":9569,"depth":75,"text":9570},{"id":9992,"depth":75,"text":9993},{"id":10297,"depth":75,"text":10994,"children":10995},"dict() vs {}",[10996,10998],{"id":10312,"depth":99,"text":10997},"Use {} when:",{"id":10338,"depth":99,"text":10999},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10457,"depth":75,"text":10458,"children":11001},[11002,11003,11004,11005],{"id":10466,"depth":99,"text":10467},{"id":10587,"depth":99,"text":10588},{"id":10645,"depth":99,"text":10646},{"id":10702,"depth":99,"text":10703},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":11008},[11009,11011,11013,11015],{"id":10900,"depth":99,"text":11010},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10915,"depth":99,"text":11012},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10926,"depth":99,"text":11014},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10936,"depth":99,"text":11016},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8829,"description":11018},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11025,"title":11026,"body":11027,"description":12534,"extension":1670,"meta":12535,"navigation":102,"path":12536,"seo":12537,"stem":12538,"__hash__":12539},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11028,"toc":12503},[11029,11036,11042,11049,11051,11112,11117,11122,11127,11145,11148,11152,11154,11170,11173,11186,11188,11191,11325,11327,11394,11396,11412,11418,11424,11427,11509,11511,11525,11529,11535,11600,11602,11610,11613,11636,11642,11705,11711,11714,11728,11741,11745,11756,11761,11772,11779,11783,11789,11911,11913,11939,11942,11959,11962,12073,12075,12124,12126,12139,12148,12153,12158,12169,12171,12274,12297,12299,12303,12322,12325,12383,12386,12412,12414,12420,12423,12429,12433,12440,12448,12454,12457,12459,12500],[10,11030,11032,11033,18],{"id":11031},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11034,11035],{},"clear()",[20,11037,11038,11041],{},[15,11039,11040],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11043,11044,11045,11048],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[382,11046,11047],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[160,11050,1711],{"id":1710},[30,11052,11054],{"className":32,"code":11053,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11055,11056,11088,11099],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11057,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11059,8883],{"class":45},[39,11061,50],{"class":49},[39,11063,54],{"class":53},[39,11065,562],{"class":517},[39,11067,195],{"class":521},[39,11069,562],{"class":517},[39,11071,1250],{"class":53},[39,11073,5210],{"class":57},[39,11075,61],{"class":53},[39,11077,572],{"class":517},[39,11079,127],{"class":521},[39,11081,562],{"class":517},[39,11083,1250],{"class":53},[39,11085,64],{"class":57},[39,11087,72],{"class":53},[39,11089,11090,11092,11094,11097],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11091,8922],{"class":45},[39,11093,117],{"class":53},[39,11095,11096],{"class":120},"clear",[39,11098,1609],{"class":53},[39,11100,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11102,137],{"class":136},[39,11104,124],{"class":53},[39,11106,8922],{"class":120},[39,11108,3366],{"class":53},[39,11110,11111],{"class":150},"  # {}\n",[20,11113,11114,11116],{},[15,11115,11035],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[160,11118,3383,11120,3386],{"id":11119},"what-clear-does",[15,11121,11035],{},[20,11123,22,11124,11126],{},[15,11125,11035],{}," method:",[176,11128,11129,11132,11135,11140],{},[179,11130,11131],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[179,11133,11134],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[179,11136,11137,11138],{},"Returns ",[15,11139,3484],{},[179,11141,11142,11143],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11144,3498],{},[20,11146,11147],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11149,8869,11150,117],{},[195,11151,8873],{"href":8872},[160,11153,202],{"id":201},[30,11155,11157],{"className":32,"code":11156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11158,11159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11160,11161,11164,11166,11168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11162,11163],{"class":45},"my_dict",[39,11165,117],{"class":53},[39,11167,11096],{"class":120},[39,11169,1609],{"class":53},[20,11171,11172],{},"Important points:",[176,11174,11175,11180,11183],{},[179,11176,11177,11179],{},[15,11178,11035],{}," takes no arguments",[179,11181,11182],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[179,11184,11185],{},"It empties that dictionary",[160,11187,542],{"id":541},[20,11189,11190],{},"Here is a basic example:",[30,11192,11194],{"className":32,"code":11193,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11195,11196,11206,11227,11241,11258,11262,11266,11286,11290,11301,11305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11197,11198,11201,11203],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11199,11200],{"class":45},"user ",[39,11202,50],{"class":49},[39,11204,11205],{"class":53}," {\n",[39,11207,11208,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11222,11224],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11209,11210],{"class":517},"    \"",[39,11212,7382],{"class":521},[39,11214,562],{"class":517},[39,11216,1250],{"class":53},[39,11218,572],{"class":517},[39,11220,11221],{"class":521},"Maya",[39,11223,562],{"class":517},[39,11225,11226],{"class":53},",\n",[39,11228,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11230,11210],{"class":517},[39,11232,9015],{"class":521},[39,11234,562],{"class":517},[39,11236,1250],{"class":53},[39,11238,9022],{"class":57},[39,11240,11226],{"class":53},[39,11242,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11256],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,11244,11210],{"class":517},[39,11246,10124],{"class":521},[39,11248,562],{"class":517},[39,11250,1250],{"class":53},[39,11252,572],{"class":517},[39,11254,11255],{"class":521},"Berlin",[39,11257,3062],{"class":517},[39,11259,11260],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,11261,72],{"class":53},[39,11263,11264],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,11265,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11267,11268,11270,11272,11274,11277,11279,11281,11284],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,11269,137],{"class":136},[39,11271,124],{"class":53},[39,11273,562],{"class":517},[39,11275,11276],{"class":521},"Before:",[39,11278,562],{"class":517},[39,11280,61],{"class":53},[39,11282,11283],{"class":120}," user",[39,11285,130],{"class":53},[39,11287,11288],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,11289,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11291,11292,11295,11297,11299],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,11293,11294],{"class":45},"user",[39,11296,117],{"class":53},[39,11298,11096],{"class":120},[39,11300,1609],{"class":53},[39,11302,11303],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,11304,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11317,11319,11321,11323],{"class":41,"line":11307},11,[39,11309,137],{"class":136},[39,11311,124],{"class":53},[39,11313,562],{"class":517},[39,11315,11316],{"class":521},"After:",[39,11318,562],{"class":517},[39,11320,61],{"class":53},[39,11322,11283],{"class":120},[39,11324,130],{"class":53},[20,11326,5272],{},[30,11328,11330],{"className":32,"code":11329,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11331,11332,11385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11333,11334,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11335,11336],{"class":45},"Before",[39,11338,1250],{"class":53},[39,11340,54],{"class":53},[39,11342,524],{"class":517},[39,11344,7382],{"class":521},[39,11346,524],{"class":517},[39,11348,1250],{"class":53},[39,11350,518],{"class":517},[39,11352,11221],{"class":521},[39,11354,524],{"class":517},[39,11356,61],{"class":53},[39,11358,518],{"class":517},[39,11360,9015],{"class":521},[39,11362,524],{"class":517},[39,11364,1250],{"class":53},[39,11366,9022],{"class":57},[39,11368,61],{"class":53},[39,11370,518],{"class":517},[39,11372,10124],{"class":521},[39,11374,524],{"class":517},[39,11376,1250],{"class":53},[39,11378,518],{"class":517},[39,11380,11255],{"class":521},[39,11382,524],{"class":517},[39,11384,72],{"class":53},[39,11386,11387,11390,11392],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11388,11389],{"class":45},"After",[39,11391,1250],{"class":53},[39,11393,9553],{"class":53},[20,11395,692],{},[176,11397,11398,11403,11409],{},[179,11399,11400,11402],{},[15,11401,11294],{}," starts with three items",[179,11404,11405,11408],{},[15,11406,11407],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[179,11410,11411],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[160,11413,3383,11415,11417],{"id":11414},"what-clear-returns",[15,11416,11035],{}," returns",[20,11419,11420,2104,11422,117],{},[15,11421,11035],{},[15,11423,3484],{},[20,11425,11426],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[30,11428,11430],{"className":32,"code":11429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11431,11432,11466,11470,11485,11489,11499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11433,11434,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11458,11460,11462,11464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11435,11436],{"class":45},"my_dict ",[39,11438,50],{"class":49},[39,11440,54],{"class":53},[39,11442,562],{"class":517},[39,11444,1880],{"class":521},[39,11446,562],{"class":517},[39,11448,1250],{"class":53},[39,11450,5210],{"class":57},[39,11452,61],{"class":53},[39,11454,572],{"class":517},[39,11456,11457],{"class":521},"y",[39,11459,562],{"class":517},[39,11461,1250],{"class":53},[39,11463,64],{"class":57},[39,11465,72],{"class":53},[39,11467,11468],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11469,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11471,11472,11474,11476,11479,11481,11483],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11473,109],{"class":45},[39,11475,50],{"class":49},[39,11477,11478],{"class":45}," my_dict",[39,11480,117],{"class":53},[39,11482,11096],{"class":120},[39,11484,1609],{"class":53},[39,11486,11487],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,11488,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11490,11491,11493,11495,11497],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,11492,137],{"class":136},[39,11494,124],{"class":53},[39,11496,142],{"class":120},[39,11498,130],{"class":53},[39,11500,11501,11503,11505,11507],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,11502,137],{"class":136},[39,11504,124],{"class":53},[39,11506,11163],{"class":120},[39,11508,130],{"class":53},[20,11510,353],{},[30,11512,11514],{"className":32,"code":11513,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n{}\n",[15,11515,11516,11521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11517,11518],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11519,11520],{"class":3559},"None\n",[39,11522,11523],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11524,9150],{"class":53},[988,11526,11528],{"id":11527},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11530,11531,11532,11534],{},"Do ",[382,11533,4340],{}," do this:",[30,11536,11538],{"className":32,"code":11537,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11539,11540,11572,11586,11590],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11541,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11543,11436],{"class":45},[39,11545,50],{"class":49},[39,11547,54],{"class":53},[39,11549,562],{"class":517},[39,11551,1880],{"class":521},[39,11553,562],{"class":517},[39,11555,1250],{"class":53},[39,11557,5210],{"class":57},[39,11559,61],{"class":53},[39,11561,572],{"class":517},[39,11563,11457],{"class":521},[39,11565,562],{"class":517},[39,11567,1250],{"class":53},[39,11569,64],{"class":57},[39,11571,72],{"class":53},[39,11573,11574,11576,11578,11580,11582,11584],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11575,11436],{"class":45},[39,11577,50],{"class":49},[39,11579,11478],{"class":45},[39,11581,117],{"class":53},[39,11583,11096],{"class":120},[39,11585,1609],{"class":53},[39,11587,11588],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11589,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11591,11592,11594,11596,11598],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,11593,137],{"class":136},[39,11595,124],{"class":53},[39,11597,11163],{"class":120},[39,11599,130],{"class":53},[20,11601,353],{},[30,11603,11604],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,11605,11606],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11607,11608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11609,11520],{"class":3559},[20,11611,11612],{},"Why this happens:",[176,11614,11615,11621,11626],{},[179,11616,11617,11620],{},[15,11618,11619],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[179,11622,11623,11624],{},"The method returns ",[15,11625,3484],{},[179,11627,11628,11629,11632,11633,11635],{},"Then ",[15,11630,11631],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11634,3484],{}," in the variable",[20,11637,11638,11639,11641],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11640,11035],{}," by itself:",[30,11643,11645],{"className":32,"code":11644,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11646,11647,11679,11689,11693],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11648,11649,11651,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11650,11436],{"class":45},[39,11652,50],{"class":49},[39,11654,54],{"class":53},[39,11656,562],{"class":517},[39,11658,1880],{"class":521},[39,11660,562],{"class":517},[39,11662,1250],{"class":53},[39,11664,5210],{"class":57},[39,11666,61],{"class":53},[39,11668,572],{"class":517},[39,11670,11457],{"class":521},[39,11672,562],{"class":517},[39,11674,1250],{"class":53},[39,11676,64],{"class":57},[39,11678,72],{"class":53},[39,11680,11681,11683,11685,11687],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11682,11163],{"class":45},[39,11684,117],{"class":53},[39,11686,11096],{"class":120},[39,11688,1609],{"class":53},[39,11690,11691],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11692,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11694,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,11696,137],{"class":136},[39,11698,124],{"class":53},[39,11700,11163],{"class":120},[39,11702,3366],{"class":53},[39,11704,11111],{"class":150},[160,11706,11708,11710],{"id":11707},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11709,11035],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11712,11713],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[30,11715,11716],{"className":32,"code":11156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,11717,11718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11719,11720,11722,11724,11726],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11721,11163],{"class":45},[39,11723,117],{"class":53},[39,11725,11096],{"class":120},[39,11727,1609],{"class":53},[30,11729,11731],{"className":32,"code":11730,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11732,11733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11734,11735,11737,11739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11736,11436],{"class":45},[39,11738,50],{"class":49},[39,11740,9553],{"class":53},[988,11742,11743],{"id":11096},[15,11744,11035],{},[176,11746,11747,11750,11753],{},[179,11748,11749],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[179,11751,11752],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[179,11754,11755],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[988,11757,11758],{"id":11163},[15,11759,11760],{},"my_dict = {}",[176,11762,11763,11766,11769],{},[179,11764,11765],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[179,11767,11768],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[179,11770,11771],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11773,11774,11775,117],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[195,11776,11778],{"href":11777},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[160,11780,11782],{"id":11781},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11784,11785,11786,11788],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11787,11035],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[30,11790,11792],{"className":32,"code":11791,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11793,11794,11827,11837,11841,11852,11856,11876,11896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11795,11796,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11797,11798],{"class":45},"original ",[39,11800,50],{"class":49},[39,11802,54],{"class":53},[39,11804,562],{"class":517},[39,11806,195],{"class":521},[39,11808,562],{"class":517},[39,11810,1250],{"class":53},[39,11812,5210],{"class":57},[39,11814,61],{"class":53},[39,11816,572],{"class":517},[39,11818,127],{"class":521},[39,11820,562],{"class":517},[39,11822,1250],{"class":53},[39,11824,64],{"class":57},[39,11826,72],{"class":53},[39,11828,11829,11832,11834],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11830,11831],{"class":45},"other_ref ",[39,11833,50],{"class":49},[39,11835,11836],{"class":45}," original\n",[39,11838,11839],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11840,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11842,11843,11846,11848,11850],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,11844,11845],{"class":45},"original",[39,11847,117],{"class":53},[39,11849,11096],{"class":120},[39,11851,1609],{"class":53},[39,11853,11854],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,11855,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,11857,11858,11860,11862,11864,11867,11869,11871,11874],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,11859,137],{"class":136},[39,11861,124],{"class":53},[39,11863,562],{"class":517},[39,11865,11866],{"class":521},"original:",[39,11868,562],{"class":517},[39,11870,61],{"class":53},[39,11872,11873],{"class":120}," original",[39,11875,130],{"class":53},[39,11877,11878,11880,11882,11884,11887,11889,11891,11894],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,11879,137],{"class":136},[39,11881,124],{"class":53},[39,11883,562],{"class":517},[39,11885,11886],{"class":521},"other_ref:",[39,11888,562],{"class":517},[39,11890,61],{"class":53},[39,11892,11893],{"class":120}," other_ref",[39,11895,130],{"class":53},[39,11897,11898,11900,11902,11904,11907,11909],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,11899,137],{"class":136},[39,11901,124],{"class":53},[39,11903,11798],{"class":120},[39,11905,11906],{"class":3584},"is",[39,11908,11893],{"class":120},[39,11910,130],{"class":53},[20,11912,353],{},[30,11914,11916],{"className":32,"code":11915,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11917,11918,11926,11935],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11919,11920,11922,11924],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11921,11845],{"class":45},[39,11923,1250],{"class":53},[39,11925,9553],{"class":53},[39,11927,11928,11931,11933],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,11929,11930],{"class":45},"other_ref",[39,11932,1250],{"class":53},[39,11934,9553],{"class":53},[39,11936,11937],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,11938,3689],{"class":3559},[20,11940,11941],{},"This shows:",[176,11943,11944,11951,11956],{},[179,11945,11946,4104,11948,11950],{},[15,11947,11845],{},[15,11949,11930],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[179,11952,11953,11955],{},[15,11954,11035],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[179,11957,11958],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11960,11961],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[30,11963,11965],{"className":32,"code":11964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11966,11967,11999,12007,12011,12019,12023,12041,12059],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11968,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11970,11798],{"class":45},[39,11972,50],{"class":49},[39,11974,54],{"class":53},[39,11976,562],{"class":517},[39,11978,195],{"class":521},[39,11980,562],{"class":517},[39,11982,1250],{"class":53},[39,11984,5210],{"class":57},[39,11986,61],{"class":53},[39,11988,572],{"class":517},[39,11990,127],{"class":521},[39,11992,562],{"class":517},[39,11994,1250],{"class":53},[39,11996,64],{"class":57},[39,11998,72],{"class":53},[39,12000,12001,12003,12005],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12002,11831],{"class":45},[39,12004,50],{"class":49},[39,12006,11836],{"class":45},[39,12008,12009],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12010,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12012,12013,12015,12017],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12014,11798],{"class":45},[39,12016,50],{"class":49},[39,12018,9553],{"class":53},[39,12020,12021],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,12022,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12024,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,12026,137],{"class":136},[39,12028,124],{"class":53},[39,12030,562],{"class":517},[39,12032,11866],{"class":521},[39,12034,562],{"class":517},[39,12036,61],{"class":53},[39,12038,11873],{"class":120},[39,12040,130],{"class":53},[39,12042,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,12044,137],{"class":136},[39,12046,124],{"class":53},[39,12048,562],{"class":517},[39,12050,11886],{"class":521},[39,12052,562],{"class":517},[39,12054,61],{"class":53},[39,12056,11893],{"class":120},[39,12058,130],{"class":53},[39,12060,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,12062,137],{"class":136},[39,12064,124],{"class":53},[39,12066,11798],{"class":120},[39,12068,11906],{"class":3584},[39,12070,11893],{"class":120},[39,12072,130],{"class":53},[20,12074,353],{},[30,12076,12078],{"className":32,"code":12077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12079,12080,12088,12120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12081,12082,12084,12086],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12083,11845],{"class":45},[39,12085,1250],{"class":53},[39,12087,9553],{"class":53},[39,12089,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098,12100,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12091,11930],{"class":45},[39,12093,1250],{"class":53},[39,12095,54],{"class":53},[39,12097,524],{"class":517},[39,12099,195],{"class":521},[39,12101,524],{"class":517},[39,12103,1250],{"class":53},[39,12105,5210],{"class":57},[39,12107,61],{"class":53},[39,12109,518],{"class":517},[39,12111,127],{"class":521},[39,12113,524],{"class":517},[39,12115,1250],{"class":53},[39,12117,64],{"class":57},[39,12119,72],{"class":53},[39,12121,12122],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12123,3750],{"class":3559},[20,12125,1885],{},[176,12127,12128,12134],{},[179,12129,12130,12133],{},[15,12131,12132],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[179,12135,12136,12138],{},[15,12137,11930],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12140,12141,12142,117],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[195,12143,12145],{"href":12144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12146,12147],{},"dict.copy()",[160,12149,4671,12151],{"id":12150},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12152,11035],{},[20,12154,12155,12157],{},[15,12156,11035],{}," is useful when you want to:",[176,12159,12160,12163,12166],{},[179,12161,12162],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[179,12164,12165],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[179,12167,12168],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12170,267],{},[30,12172,12174],{"className":32,"code":12173,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12175,12176,12185,12201,12221,12234,12238,12242,12247,12258,12262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12177,12178,12181,12183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12179,12180],{"class":45},"session_data ",[39,12182,50],{"class":49},[39,12184,11205],{"class":53},[39,12186,12187,12189,12192,12194,12196,12199],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12188,11210],{"class":517},[39,12190,12191],{"class":521},"user_id",[39,12193,562],{"class":517},[39,12195,1250],{"class":53},[39,12197,12198],{"class":57}," 101",[39,12200,11226],{"class":53},[39,12202,12203,12205,12208,12210,12212,12214,12217,12219],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12204,11210],{"class":517},[39,12206,12207],{"class":521},"theme",[39,12209,562],{"class":517},[39,12211,1250],{"class":53},[39,12213,572],{"class":517},[39,12215,12216],{"class":521},"dark",[39,12218,562],{"class":517},[39,12220,11226],{"class":53},[39,12222,12223,12225,12228,12230,12232],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12224,11210],{"class":517},[39,12226,12227],{"class":521},"logged_in",[39,12229,562],{"class":517},[39,12231,1250],{"class":53},[39,12233,6136],{"class":3559},[39,12235,12236],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,12237,72],{"class":53},[39,12239,12240],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,12241,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12243,12244],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,12245,12246],{"class":150},"# Reset for a new session\n",[39,12248,12249,12252,12254,12256],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,12250,12251],{"class":45},"session_data",[39,12253,117],{"class":53},[39,12255,11096],{"class":120},[39,12257,1609],{"class":53},[39,12259,12260],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,12261,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12263,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,12265,137],{"class":136},[39,12267,124],{"class":53},[39,12269,12251],{"class":120},[39,12271,3366],{"class":53},[39,12273,11111],{"class":150},[20,12275,12276,12277,12283,12284,117,12288,12290,12291,117],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[195,12278,12280],{"href":12279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12281,12282],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[195,12285,12287],{"href":12286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9561,12289],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[195,12292,12294],{"href":12293},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12295,12296],{},"dict.popitem()",[160,12298,2537],{"id":2536},[20,12300,10461,12301,1250],{},[15,12302,11035],{},[176,12304,12305,12311,12316,12319],{},[179,12306,12307,12308,12310],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12309,11035],{}," to a variable",[179,12312,8170,12313,12315],{},[15,12314,11035],{}," to return a new dictionary",[179,12317,12318],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[179,12320,12321],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12323,12324],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[30,12326,12328],{"className":32,"code":12327,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12329,12330,12340,12354,12369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12331,12332,12334,12336,12338],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12333,137],{"class":136},[39,12335,124],{"class":53},[39,12337,11163],{"class":120},[39,12339,130],{"class":53},[39,12341,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12343,137],{"class":136},[39,12345,124],{"class":53},[39,12347,479],{"class":478},[39,12349,124],{"class":53},[39,12351,11163],{"class":120},[39,12353,486],{"class":53},[39,12355,12356,12358,12360,12363,12365,12367],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12357,137],{"class":136},[39,12359,124],{"class":53},[39,12361,12362],{"class":136},"id",[39,12364,124],{"class":53},[39,12366,11163],{"class":120},[39,12368,486],{"class":53},[39,12370,12371,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12372,137],{"class":136},[39,12374,124],{"class":53},[39,12376,11831],{"class":120},[39,12378,11906],{"class":3584},[39,12380,11478],{"class":120},[39,12382,130],{"class":53},[20,12384,12385],{},"What these show:",[176,12387,12388,12394,12400,12406],{},[179,12389,12390,12393],{},[15,12391,12392],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[179,12395,12396,12399],{},[15,12397,12398],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[179,12401,12402,12405],{},[15,12403,12404],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[179,12407,12408,12411],{},[15,12409,12410],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[160,12413,1563],{"id":1562},[988,12415,1567,12417,12419],{"id":12416},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12418,11035],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12421,12422],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[988,12424,4853,12426,12428],{"id":12425},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12427,11040],{}," return?",[20,12430,4859,12431,117],{},[15,12432,3484],{},[988,12434,4890,12436,4104,12438,2199],{"id":12435},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12437,11035],{},[15,12439,3498],{},[20,12441,12442,12444,12445,12447],{},[15,12443,11035],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12446,3498],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[988,12449,1567,12451,12453],{"id":12450},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12452,11035],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12455,12456],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[160,12458,1613],{"id":1612},[176,12460,12461,12465,12469,12476,12483,12490,12495],{},[179,12462,12463],{},[195,12464,8873],{"href":8872},[179,12466,12467],{},[195,12468,10956],{"href":9106},[179,12470,12471],{},[195,12472,10451,12473,1627],{"href":12279},[15,12474,12475],{},"pop()",[179,12477,12478],{},[195,12479,10451,12480,1627],{"href":12293},[15,12481,12482],{},"popitem()",[179,12484,12485],{},[195,12486,10451,12487,1627],{"href":12144},[15,12488,12489],{},"copy()",[179,12491,12492],{},[195,12493,12494],{"href":11777},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[179,12496,12497],{},[195,12498,12499],{"href":12286},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1642,12501,12502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":12504},[12505,12506,12508,12509,12510,12514,12519,12520,12522,12523,12533],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":11119,"depth":75,"text":12507},"What clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":11414,"depth":75,"text":12511,"children":12512},"What clear() returns",[12513],{"id":11527,"depth":99,"text":11528},{"id":11707,"depth":75,"text":12515,"children":12516},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12517,12518],{"id":11096,"depth":99,"text":11035},{"id":11163,"depth":99,"text":11760},{"id":11781,"depth":75,"text":11782},{"id":12150,"depth":75,"text":12521},"When to use clear()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":12524},[12525,12527,12529,12531],{"id":12416,"depth":99,"text":12526},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12425,"depth":99,"text":12528},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12435,"depth":99,"text":12530},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12450,"depth":99,"text":12532},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11026,"description":12534},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12541,"title":12542,"body":12543,"description":14706,"extension":1670,"meta":14707,"navigation":102,"path":14708,"seo":14709,"stem":14710,"__hash__":14711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12544,"toc":14678},[12545,12550,12555,12565,12567,12656,12660,12701,12706,12711,12729,12738,12740,12761,12763,12775,12777,12854,12858,12899,12901,12904,13032,13036,13116,13119,13137,13140,13144,13150,13152,13163,13165,13360,13364,13470,13473,13491,13494,13501,13506,13510,13524,13526,13653,13657,13737,13750,13756,13759,13767,13771,13897,13901,13975,13980,14111,14115,14189,14192,14206,14210,14214,14228,14230,14366,14370,14439,14441,14445,14467,14470,14577,14580,14591,14598,14600,14606,14609,14616,14619,14626,14634,14638,14641,14643,14675],[10,12546,11032,12548,18],{"id":12547},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12549,12489],{},[20,12551,12552,12554],{},[15,12553,12147],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12556,12557,12558,12560,12561,12564],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12559,12489],{}," makes a ",[382,12562,12563],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[160,12566,1711],{"id":1710},[30,12568,12570],{"className":32,"code":12569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12571,12572,12610,12627,12631,12642],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12573,12574,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12575,12576],{"class":45},"student ",[39,12578,50],{"class":49},[39,12580,54],{"class":53},[39,12582,562],{"class":517},[39,12584,7382],{"class":521},[39,12586,562],{"class":517},[39,12588,1250],{"class":53},[39,12590,572],{"class":517},[39,12592,12593],{"class":521},"Ana",[39,12595,562],{"class":517},[39,12597,61],{"class":53},[39,12599,572],{"class":517},[39,12601,9015],{"class":521},[39,12603,562],{"class":517},[39,12605,1250],{"class":53},[39,12607,7505],{"class":57},[39,12609,72],{"class":53},[39,12611,12612,12615,12617,12620,12622,12625],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12613,12614],{"class":45},"student_copy ",[39,12616,50],{"class":49},[39,12618,12619],{"class":45}," student",[39,12621,117],{"class":53},[39,12623,12624],{"class":120},"copy",[39,12626,1609],{"class":53},[39,12628,12629],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12630,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12632,12633,12635,12637,12640],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12634,137],{"class":136},[39,12636,124],{"class":53},[39,12638,12639],{"class":120},"student_copy",[39,12641,130],{"class":53},[39,12643,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,12645,137],{"class":136},[39,12647,124],{"class":53},[39,12649,12614],{"class":120},[39,12651,11906],{"class":3584},[39,12653,12619],{"class":120},[39,12655,130],{"class":53},[20,12657,12658],{},[382,12659,353],{},[30,12661,12663],{"className":32,"code":12662,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12664,12665,12697],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12666,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12668,363],{"class":53},[39,12670,524],{"class":517},[39,12672,7382],{"class":521},[39,12674,524],{"class":517},[39,12676,1250],{"class":53},[39,12678,518],{"class":517},[39,12680,12593],{"class":521},[39,12682,524],{"class":517},[39,12684,61],{"class":53},[39,12686,518],{"class":517},[39,12688,9015],{"class":521},[39,12690,524],{"class":517},[39,12692,1250],{"class":53},[39,12694,7505],{"class":57},[39,12696,72],{"class":53},[39,12698,12699],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12700,3750],{"class":3559},[20,12702,154,12703,12705],{},[15,12704,12489],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[160,12707,163,12709,166],{"id":12708},"what-the-copy-method-does",[15,12710,12489],{},[176,12712,12713,12718,12721,12726],{},[179,12714,12715,12717],{},[15,12716,12147],{}," returns a new dictionary",[179,12719,12720],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[179,12722,12723,12724],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12725,12489],{},[179,12727,12728],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12730,12731,12732,1292,12735,117],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[195,12733,8873],{"href":12734},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[195,12736,9107],{"href":12737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[160,12739,202],{"id":201},[30,12741,12743],{"className":32,"code":12742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12744,12745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12746,12747,12750,12752,12755,12757,12759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12748,12749],{"class":45},"new_dict ",[39,12751,50],{"class":49},[39,12753,12754],{"class":45}," old_dict",[39,12756,117],{"class":53},[39,12758,12624],{"class":120},[39,12760,1609],{"class":53},[20,12762,174],{},[176,12764,12765,12769,12772],{},[179,12766,12767,11179],{},[15,12768,12489],{},[179,12770,12771],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[179,12773,12774],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12776,267],{},[30,12778,12780],{"className":32,"code":12779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12781,12782,12823,12839,12843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12783,12784,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12785,12786],{"class":45},"colors ",[39,12788,50],{"class":49},[39,12790,54],{"class":53},[39,12792,562],{"class":517},[39,12794,195],{"class":521},[39,12796,562],{"class":517},[39,12798,1250],{"class":53},[39,12800,572],{"class":517},[39,12802,565],{"class":521},[39,12804,562],{"class":517},[39,12806,61],{"class":53},[39,12808,572],{"class":517},[39,12810,127],{"class":521},[39,12812,562],{"class":517},[39,12814,1250],{"class":53},[39,12816,572],{"class":517},[39,12818,575],{"class":521},[39,12820,562],{"class":517},[39,12822,72],{"class":53},[39,12824,12825,12828,12830,12833,12835,12837],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12826,12827],{"class":45},"new_colors ",[39,12829,50],{"class":49},[39,12831,12832],{"class":45}," colors",[39,12834,117],{"class":53},[39,12836,12624],{"class":120},[39,12838,1609],{"class":53},[39,12840,12841],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12842,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12844,12845,12847,12849,12852],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12846,137],{"class":136},[39,12848,124],{"class":53},[39,12850,12851],{"class":120},"new_colors",[39,12853,130],{"class":53},[20,12855,12856],{},[382,12857,353],{},[30,12859,12861],{"className":32,"code":12860,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12862,12863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12864,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12866,363],{"class":53},[39,12868,524],{"class":517},[39,12870,195],{"class":521},[39,12872,524],{"class":517},[39,12874,1250],{"class":53},[39,12876,518],{"class":517},[39,12878,565],{"class":521},[39,12880,524],{"class":517},[39,12882,61],{"class":53},[39,12884,518],{"class":517},[39,12886,127],{"class":521},[39,12888,524],{"class":517},[39,12890,1250],{"class":53},[39,12892,518],{"class":517},[39,12894,575],{"class":521},[39,12896,524],{"class":517},[39,12898,72],{"class":53},[160,12900,542],{"id":541},[20,12902,12903],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[30,12905,12907],{"className":32,"code":12906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12908,12909,12947,12963,12967,12989,12993,13012],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12910,12911,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12912,12913],{"class":45},"person ",[39,12915,50],{"class":49},[39,12917,54],{"class":53},[39,12919,562],{"class":517},[39,12921,7382],{"class":521},[39,12923,562],{"class":517},[39,12925,1250],{"class":53},[39,12927,572],{"class":517},[39,12929,12930],{"class":521},"Liam",[39,12932,562],{"class":517},[39,12934,61],{"class":53},[39,12936,572],{"class":517},[39,12938,9015],{"class":521},[39,12940,562],{"class":517},[39,12942,1250],{"class":53},[39,12944,9022],{"class":57},[39,12946,72],{"class":53},[39,12948,12949,12952,12954,12957,12959,12961],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,12950,12951],{"class":45},"person_copy ",[39,12953,50],{"class":49},[39,12955,12956],{"class":45}," person",[39,12958,117],{"class":53},[39,12960,12624],{"class":120},[39,12962,1609],{"class":53},[39,12964,12965],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,12966,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12968,12969,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12983,12986],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,12970,12971],{"class":45},"person_copy",[39,12973,3609],{"class":53},[39,12975,562],{"class":517},[39,12977,9015],{"class":521},[39,12979,562],{"class":517},[39,12981,12982],{"class":53},"]",[39,12984,12985],{"class":49}," =",[39,12987,12988],{"class":57}," 26\n",[39,12990,12991],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,12992,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,12994,12995,12997,12999,13001,13004,13006,13008,13010],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,12996,137],{"class":136},[39,12998,124],{"class":53},[39,13000,562],{"class":517},[39,13002,13003],{"class":521},"Original:",[39,13005,562],{"class":517},[39,13007,61],{"class":53},[39,13009,12956],{"class":120},[39,13011,130],{"class":53},[39,13013,13014,13016,13018,13020,13023,13025,13027,13030],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,13015,137],{"class":136},[39,13017,124],{"class":53},[39,13019,562],{"class":517},[39,13021,13022],{"class":521},"Copy:",[39,13024,562],{"class":517},[39,13026,61],{"class":53},[39,13028,13029],{"class":120}," person_copy",[39,13031,130],{"class":53},[20,13033,13034],{},[382,13035,353],{},[30,13037,13039],{"className":32,"code":13038,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13040,13041,13078],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13042,13043,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13044,13045],{"class":45},"Original",[39,13047,1250],{"class":53},[39,13049,54],{"class":53},[39,13051,524],{"class":517},[39,13053,7382],{"class":521},[39,13055,524],{"class":517},[39,13057,1250],{"class":53},[39,13059,518],{"class":517},[39,13061,12930],{"class":521},[39,13063,524],{"class":517},[39,13065,61],{"class":53},[39,13067,518],{"class":517},[39,13069,9015],{"class":521},[39,13071,524],{"class":517},[39,13073,1250],{"class":53},[39,13075,9022],{"class":57},[39,13077,72],{"class":53},[39,13079,13080,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13114],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13081,13082],{"class":45},"Copy",[39,13084,1250],{"class":53},[39,13086,54],{"class":53},[39,13088,524],{"class":517},[39,13090,7382],{"class":521},[39,13092,524],{"class":517},[39,13094,1250],{"class":53},[39,13096,518],{"class":517},[39,13098,12930],{"class":521},[39,13100,524],{"class":517},[39,13102,61],{"class":53},[39,13104,518],{"class":517},[39,13106,9015],{"class":521},[39,13108,524],{"class":517},[39,13110,1250],{"class":53},[39,13112,13113],{"class":57}," 26",[39,13115,72],{"class":53},[20,13117,13118],{},"What happened here:",[176,13120,13121,13127,13134],{},[179,13122,13123,13126],{},[15,13124,13125],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[179,13128,13129,13130,13133],{},"Changing ",[15,13131,13132],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[179,13135,13136],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13138,13139],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[160,13141,13143],{"id":13142},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13145,13146,12560,13148,117],{},[15,13147,12489],{},[382,13149,12563],{},[20,13151,1813],{},[176,13153,13154,13157,13160],{},[179,13155,13156],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[179,13158,13159],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[179,13161,13162],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13164,267],{},[30,13166,13168],{"className":32,"code":13167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13169,13170,13178,13196,13219,13223,13227,13241,13245,13270,13274,13292,13311,13326],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13171,13172,13174,13176],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13173,12576],{"class":45},[39,13175,50],{"class":49},[39,13177,11205],{"class":53},[39,13179,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13181,11210],{"class":517},[39,13183,7382],{"class":521},[39,13185,562],{"class":517},[39,13187,1250],{"class":53},[39,13189,572],{"class":517},[39,13191,12593],{"class":521},[39,13193,562],{"class":517},[39,13195,11226],{"class":53},[39,13197,13198,13200,13203,13205,13207,13209,13212,13214,13217],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,13199,11210],{"class":517},[39,13201,13202],{"class":521},"grades",[39,13204,562],{"class":517},[39,13206,1250],{"class":53},[39,13208,3327],{"class":53},[39,13210,13211],{"class":57},"90",[39,13213,61],{"class":53},[39,13215,13216],{"class":57}," 85",[39,13218,3340],{"class":53},[39,13220,13221],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,13222,72],{"class":53},[39,13224,13225],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,13226,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13228,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,13230,12614],{"class":45},[39,13232,50],{"class":49},[39,13234,12619],{"class":45},[39,13236,117],{"class":53},[39,13238,12624],{"class":120},[39,13240,1609],{"class":53},[39,13242,13243],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,13244,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13246,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13260,13263,13265,13268],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,13248,12639],{"class":45},[39,13250,3609],{"class":53},[39,13252,562],{"class":517},[39,13254,13202],{"class":521},[39,13256,562],{"class":517},[39,13258,13259],{"class":53},"].",[39,13261,13262],{"class":120},"append",[39,13264,124],{"class":53},[39,13266,13267],{"class":57},"100",[39,13269,130],{"class":53},[39,13271,13272],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,13273,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13275,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,13277,137],{"class":136},[39,13279,124],{"class":53},[39,13281,562],{"class":517},[39,13283,13003],{"class":521},[39,13285,562],{"class":517},[39,13287,61],{"class":53},[39,13289,12619],{"class":120},[39,13291,130],{"class":53},[39,13293,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13309],{"class":41,"line":11307},[39,13295,137],{"class":136},[39,13297,124],{"class":53},[39,13299,562],{"class":517},[39,13301,13022],{"class":521},[39,13303,562],{"class":517},[39,13305,61],{"class":53},[39,13307,13308],{"class":120}," student_copy",[39,13310,130],{"class":53},[39,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324],{"class":41,"line":13313},12,[39,13315,137],{"class":136},[39,13317,124],{"class":53},[39,13319,12576],{"class":120},[39,13321,11906],{"class":3584},[39,13323,13308],{"class":120},[39,13325,130],{"class":53},[39,13327,13329,13331,13333,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358],{"class":41,"line":13328},13,[39,13330,137],{"class":136},[39,13332,124],{"class":53},[39,13334,13335],{"class":120},"student",[39,13337,3609],{"class":53},[39,13339,562],{"class":517},[39,13341,13202],{"class":521},[39,13343,562],{"class":517},[39,13345,12982],{"class":53},[39,13347,7813],{"class":3584},[39,13349,13308],{"class":120},[39,13351,3609],{"class":53},[39,13353,562],{"class":517},[39,13355,13202],{"class":521},[39,13357,562],{"class":517},[39,13359,3597],{"class":53},[20,13361,13362],{},[382,13363,353],{},[30,13365,13367],{"className":32,"code":13366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13368,13369,13416,13462,13466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13370,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13372,13045],{"class":45},[39,13374,1250],{"class":53},[39,13376,54],{"class":53},[39,13378,524],{"class":517},[39,13380,7382],{"class":521},[39,13382,524],{"class":517},[39,13384,1250],{"class":53},[39,13386,518],{"class":517},[39,13388,12593],{"class":521},[39,13390,524],{"class":517},[39,13392,61],{"class":53},[39,13394,518],{"class":517},[39,13396,13202],{"class":521},[39,13398,524],{"class":517},[39,13400,1250],{"class":53},[39,13402,3327],{"class":53},[39,13404,13211],{"class":57},[39,13406,61],{"class":53},[39,13408,13216],{"class":57},[39,13410,61],{"class":53},[39,13412,9833],{"class":57},[39,13414,13415],{"class":53},"]}\n",[39,13417,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13419,13082],{"class":45},[39,13421,1250],{"class":53},[39,13423,54],{"class":53},[39,13425,524],{"class":517},[39,13427,7382],{"class":521},[39,13429,524],{"class":517},[39,13431,1250],{"class":53},[39,13433,518],{"class":517},[39,13435,12593],{"class":521},[39,13437,524],{"class":517},[39,13439,61],{"class":53},[39,13441,518],{"class":517},[39,13443,13202],{"class":521},[39,13445,524],{"class":517},[39,13447,1250],{"class":53},[39,13449,3327],{"class":53},[39,13451,13211],{"class":57},[39,13453,61],{"class":53},[39,13455,13216],{"class":57},[39,13457,61],{"class":53},[39,13459,9833],{"class":57},[39,13461,13415],{"class":53},[39,13463,13464],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,13465,3750],{"class":3559},[39,13467,13468],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,13469,3689],{"class":3559},[20,13471,13472],{},"Notice the difference:",[176,13474,13475,13483],{},[179,13476,13477,4493,13480,13482],{},[15,13478,13479],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13481,3379],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[179,13484,13485,4493,13488,13490],{},[15,13486,13487],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13489,3308],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13492,13493],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13495,13496,13497,117],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[195,13498,13500],{"href":13499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[160,13502,4671,13504],{"id":13503},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13505,12489],{},[20,13507,154,13508,10315],{},[15,13509,12489],{},[176,13511,13512,13515,13518,13521],{},[179,13513,13514],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[179,13516,13517],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[179,13519,13520],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[179,13522,13523],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13525,267],{},[30,13527,13529],{"className":32,"code":13528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13530,13531,13570,13586,13590,13610,13614,13633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13532,13533,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13561,13563,13565,13568],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13534,13535],{"class":45},"settings ",[39,13537,50],{"class":49},[39,13539,54],{"class":53},[39,13541,562],{"class":517},[39,13543,12207],{"class":521},[39,13545,562],{"class":517},[39,13547,1250],{"class":53},[39,13549,572],{"class":517},[39,13551,12216],{"class":521},[39,13553,562],{"class":517},[39,13555,61],{"class":53},[39,13557,572],{"class":517},[39,13559,13560],{"class":521},"font_size",[39,13562,562],{"class":517},[39,13564,1250],{"class":53},[39,13566,13567],{"class":57}," 14",[39,13569,72],{"class":53},[39,13571,13572,13575,13577,13580,13582,13584],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13573,13574],{"class":45},"settings_backup ",[39,13576,50],{"class":49},[39,13578,13579],{"class":45}," settings",[39,13581,117],{"class":53},[39,13583,12624],{"class":120},[39,13585,1609],{"class":53},[39,13587,13588],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,13589,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13591,13592,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,13593,13594],{"class":45},"settings",[39,13596,3609],{"class":53},[39,13598,562],{"class":517},[39,13600,13560],{"class":521},[39,13602,562],{"class":517},[39,13604,12982],{"class":53},[39,13606,12985],{"class":49},[39,13608,13609],{"class":57}," 16\n",[39,13611,13612],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,13613,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13615,13616,13618,13620,13622,13625,13627,13629,13631],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,13617,137],{"class":136},[39,13619,124],{"class":53},[39,13621,562],{"class":517},[39,13623,13624],{"class":521},"Current:",[39,13626,562],{"class":517},[39,13628,61],{"class":53},[39,13630,13579],{"class":120},[39,13632,130],{"class":53},[39,13634,13635,13637,13639,13641,13644,13646,13648,13651],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,13636,137],{"class":136},[39,13638,124],{"class":53},[39,13640,562],{"class":517},[39,13642,13643],{"class":521},"Backup:",[39,13645,562],{"class":517},[39,13647,61],{"class":53},[39,13649,13650],{"class":120}," settings_backup",[39,13652,130],{"class":53},[20,13654,13655],{},[382,13656,353],{},[30,13658,13660],{"className":32,"code":13659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13661,13662,13700],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13663,13664,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13698],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13665,13666],{"class":45},"Current",[39,13668,1250],{"class":53},[39,13670,54],{"class":53},[39,13672,524],{"class":517},[39,13674,12207],{"class":521},[39,13676,524],{"class":517},[39,13678,1250],{"class":53},[39,13680,518],{"class":517},[39,13682,12216],{"class":521},[39,13684,524],{"class":517},[39,13686,61],{"class":53},[39,13688,518],{"class":517},[39,13690,13560],{"class":521},[39,13692,524],{"class":517},[39,13694,1250],{"class":53},[39,13696,13697],{"class":57}," 16",[39,13699,72],{"class":53},[39,13701,13702,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13703,13704],{"class":45},"Backup",[39,13706,1250],{"class":53},[39,13708,54],{"class":53},[39,13710,524],{"class":517},[39,13712,12207],{"class":521},[39,13714,524],{"class":517},[39,13716,1250],{"class":53},[39,13718,518],{"class":517},[39,13720,12216],{"class":521},[39,13722,524],{"class":517},[39,13724,61],{"class":53},[39,13726,518],{"class":517},[39,13728,13560],{"class":521},[39,13730,524],{"class":517},[39,13732,1250],{"class":53},[39,13734,13567],{"class":57},[39,13736,72],{"class":53},[20,13738,13739,13740,1292,13746,117],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[195,13741,13743],{"href":13742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13744,13745],{},"dict.update()",[195,13747,13748],{"href":12536},[15,13749,11040],{},[160,13751,13753,13755],{"id":13752},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13754,12489],{}," vs assignment",[20,13757,13758],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13760,718,13761,13763,13764,13766],{},[15,13762,50],{}," does ",[382,13765,4340],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[988,13768,13770],{"id":13769},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[30,13772,13774],{"className":32,"code":13773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13775,13776,13808,13817,13821,13841,13845,13863,13883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13777,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13779,11798],{"class":45},[39,13781,50],{"class":49},[39,13783,54],{"class":53},[39,13785,562],{"class":517},[39,13787,1880],{"class":521},[39,13789,562],{"class":517},[39,13791,1250],{"class":53},[39,13793,5210],{"class":57},[39,13795,61],{"class":53},[39,13797,572],{"class":517},[39,13799,11457],{"class":521},[39,13801,562],{"class":517},[39,13803,1250],{"class":53},[39,13805,64],{"class":57},[39,13807,72],{"class":53},[39,13809,13810,13813,13815],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13811,13812],{"class":45},"assigned ",[39,13814,50],{"class":49},[39,13816,11836],{"class":45},[39,13818,13819],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,13820,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13822,13823,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,13824,13825],{"class":45},"assigned",[39,13827,3609],{"class":53},[39,13829,562],{"class":517},[39,13831,1880],{"class":521},[39,13833,562],{"class":517},[39,13835,12982],{"class":53},[39,13837,12985],{"class":49},[39,13839,13840],{"class":57}," 99\n",[39,13842,13843],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,13844,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,13846,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,13848,137],{"class":136},[39,13850,124],{"class":53},[39,13852,562],{"class":517},[39,13854,13003],{"class":521},[39,13856,562],{"class":517},[39,13858,61],{"class":53},[39,13860,11873],{"class":120},[39,13862,130],{"class":53},[39,13864,13865,13867,13869,13871,13874,13876,13878,13881],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,13866,137],{"class":136},[39,13868,124],{"class":53},[39,13870,562],{"class":517},[39,13872,13873],{"class":521},"Assigned:",[39,13875,562],{"class":517},[39,13877,61],{"class":53},[39,13879,13880],{"class":120}," assigned",[39,13882,130],{"class":53},[39,13884,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,13886,137],{"class":136},[39,13888,124],{"class":53},[39,13890,11798],{"class":120},[39,13892,11906],{"class":3584},[39,13894,13880],{"class":120},[39,13896,130],{"class":53},[20,13898,13899],{},[382,13900,353],{},[30,13902,13904],{"className":32,"code":13903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13905,13906,13938,13971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13907,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13909,13045],{"class":45},[39,13911,1250],{"class":53},[39,13913,54],{"class":53},[39,13915,524],{"class":517},[39,13917,1880],{"class":521},[39,13919,524],{"class":517},[39,13921,1250],{"class":53},[39,13923,9912],{"class":57},[39,13925,61],{"class":53},[39,13927,518],{"class":517},[39,13929,11457],{"class":521},[39,13931,524],{"class":517},[39,13933,1250],{"class":53},[39,13935,64],{"class":57},[39,13937,72],{"class":53},[39,13939,13940,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,13941,13942],{"class":45},"Assigned",[39,13944,1250],{"class":53},[39,13946,54],{"class":53},[39,13948,524],{"class":517},[39,13950,1880],{"class":521},[39,13952,524],{"class":517},[39,13954,1250],{"class":53},[39,13956,9912],{"class":57},[39,13958,61],{"class":53},[39,13960,518],{"class":517},[39,13962,11457],{"class":521},[39,13964,524],{"class":517},[39,13966,1250],{"class":53},[39,13968,64],{"class":57},[39,13970,72],{"class":53},[39,13972,13973],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,13974,3689],{"class":3559},[988,13976,718,13978],{"id":13977},"using-copy",[15,13979,12489],{},[30,13981,13983],{"className":32,"code":13982,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13984,13985,14017,14032,14036,14055,14059,14077,14097],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13986,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13988,11798],{"class":45},[39,13990,50],{"class":49},[39,13992,54],{"class":53},[39,13994,562],{"class":517},[39,13996,1880],{"class":521},[39,13998,562],{"class":517},[39,14000,1250],{"class":53},[39,14002,5210],{"class":57},[39,14004,61],{"class":53},[39,14006,572],{"class":517},[39,14008,11457],{"class":521},[39,14010,562],{"class":517},[39,14012,1250],{"class":53},[39,14014,64],{"class":57},[39,14016,72],{"class":53},[39,14018,14019,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14020,14021],{"class":45},"copied ",[39,14023,50],{"class":49},[39,14025,11873],{"class":45},[39,14027,117],{"class":53},[39,14029,12624],{"class":120},[39,14031,1609],{"class":53},[39,14033,14034],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14035,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,14037,14038,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,14039,14040],{"class":45},"copied",[39,14042,3609],{"class":53},[39,14044,562],{"class":517},[39,14046,1880],{"class":521},[39,14048,562],{"class":517},[39,14050,12982],{"class":53},[39,14052,12985],{"class":49},[39,14054,13840],{"class":57},[39,14056,14057],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,14058,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,14060,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,14062,137],{"class":136},[39,14064,124],{"class":53},[39,14066,562],{"class":517},[39,14068,13003],{"class":521},[39,14070,562],{"class":517},[39,14072,61],{"class":53},[39,14074,11873],{"class":120},[39,14076,130],{"class":53},[39,14078,14079,14081,14083,14085,14088,14090,14092,14095],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,14080,137],{"class":136},[39,14082,124],{"class":53},[39,14084,562],{"class":517},[39,14086,14087],{"class":521},"Copied:",[39,14089,562],{"class":517},[39,14091,61],{"class":53},[39,14093,14094],{"class":120}," copied",[39,14096,130],{"class":53},[39,14098,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,14100,137],{"class":136},[39,14102,124],{"class":53},[39,14104,11798],{"class":120},[39,14106,11906],{"class":3584},[39,14108,14094],{"class":120},[39,14110,130],{"class":53},[20,14112,14113],{},[382,14114,353],{},[30,14116,14118],{"className":32,"code":14117,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14119,14120,14152,14185],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14121,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14123,13045],{"class":45},[39,14125,1250],{"class":53},[39,14127,54],{"class":53},[39,14129,524],{"class":517},[39,14131,1880],{"class":521},[39,14133,524],{"class":517},[39,14135,1250],{"class":53},[39,14137,5210],{"class":57},[39,14139,61],{"class":53},[39,14141,518],{"class":517},[39,14143,11457],{"class":521},[39,14145,524],{"class":517},[39,14147,1250],{"class":53},[39,14149,64],{"class":57},[39,14151,72],{"class":53},[39,14153,14154,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14155,14156],{"class":45},"Copied",[39,14158,1250],{"class":53},[39,14160,54],{"class":53},[39,14162,524],{"class":517},[39,14164,1880],{"class":521},[39,14166,524],{"class":517},[39,14168,1250],{"class":53},[39,14170,9912],{"class":57},[39,14172,61],{"class":53},[39,14174,518],{"class":517},[39,14176,11457],{"class":521},[39,14178,524],{"class":517},[39,14180,1250],{"class":53},[39,14182,64],{"class":57},[39,14184,72],{"class":53},[39,14186,14187],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14188,3750],{"class":3559},[20,14190,14191],{},"Summary:",[176,14193,14194,14200],{},[179,14195,14196,14199],{},[15,14197,14198],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[179,14201,14202,14205],{},[15,14203,14204],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[160,14207,14209],{"id":14208},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14211,14212,1250],{},[15,14213,12489],{},[176,14215,14216,14219,14222,14225],{},[179,14217,14218],{},"Returns a dictionary",[179,14220,14221],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[179,14223,14224],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[179,14226,14227],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14229,267],{},[30,14231,14233],{"className":32,"code":14232,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14234,14235,14267,14283,14287,14305,14325,14329,14347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14236,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14238,8883],{"class":45},[39,14240,50],{"class":49},[39,14242,54],{"class":53},[39,14244,562],{"class":517},[39,14246,195],{"class":521},[39,14248,562],{"class":517},[39,14250,1250],{"class":53},[39,14252,5210],{"class":57},[39,14254,61],{"class":53},[39,14256,572],{"class":517},[39,14258,127],{"class":521},[39,14260,562],{"class":517},[39,14262,1250],{"class":53},[39,14264,64],{"class":57},[39,14266,72],{"class":53},[39,14268,14269,14272,14274,14277,14279,14281],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14270,14271],{"class":45},"data_copy ",[39,14273,50],{"class":49},[39,14275,14276],{"class":45}," data",[39,14278,117],{"class":53},[39,14280,12624],{"class":120},[39,14282,1609],{"class":53},[39,14284,14285],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14286,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,14288,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,14290,8922],{"class":45},[39,14292,3609],{"class":53},[39,14294,562],{"class":517},[39,14296,195],{"class":521},[39,14298,562],{"class":517},[39,14300,12982],{"class":53},[39,14302,12985],{"class":49},[39,14304,2293],{"class":57},[39,14306,14307,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,14308,14309],{"class":45},"data_copy",[39,14311,3609],{"class":53},[39,14313,562],{"class":517},[39,14315,127],{"class":521},[39,14317,562],{"class":517},[39,14319,12982],{"class":53},[39,14321,12985],{"class":49},[39,14323,14324],{"class":57}," 20\n",[39,14326,14327],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,14328,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,14330,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,14332,137],{"class":136},[39,14334,124],{"class":53},[39,14336,562],{"class":517},[39,14338,13003],{"class":521},[39,14340,562],{"class":517},[39,14342,61],{"class":53},[39,14344,14276],{"class":120},[39,14346,130],{"class":53},[39,14348,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14364],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,14350,137],{"class":136},[39,14352,124],{"class":53},[39,14354,562],{"class":517},[39,14356,13022],{"class":521},[39,14358,562],{"class":517},[39,14360,61],{"class":53},[39,14362,14363],{"class":120}," data_copy",[39,14365,130],{"class":53},[20,14367,14368],{},[382,14369,353],{},[30,14371,14373],{"className":32,"code":14372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14374,14375,14407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14376,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14378,13045],{"class":45},[39,14380,1250],{"class":53},[39,14382,54],{"class":53},[39,14384,524],{"class":517},[39,14386,195],{"class":521},[39,14388,524],{"class":517},[39,14390,1250],{"class":53},[39,14392,5718],{"class":57},[39,14394,61],{"class":53},[39,14396,518],{"class":517},[39,14398,127],{"class":521},[39,14400,524],{"class":517},[39,14402,1250],{"class":53},[39,14404,64],{"class":57},[39,14406,72],{"class":53},[39,14408,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14410,13082],{"class":45},[39,14412,1250],{"class":53},[39,14414,54],{"class":53},[39,14416,524],{"class":517},[39,14418,195],{"class":521},[39,14420,524],{"class":517},[39,14422,1250],{"class":53},[39,14424,5210],{"class":57},[39,14426,61],{"class":53},[39,14428,518],{"class":517},[39,14430,127],{"class":521},[39,14432,524],{"class":517},[39,14434,1250],{"class":53},[39,14436,7505],{"class":57},[39,14438,72],{"class":53},[160,14440,2537],{"id":2536},[20,14442,1247,14443,1250],{},[15,14444,12147],{},[176,14446,14447,14454,14459,14464],{},[179,14448,718,14449,10806,14451,14453],{},[15,14450,50],{},[15,14452,12489],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[179,14455,4289,14456,14458],{},[15,14457,12489],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[179,14460,14461,14462],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14463,12489],{},[179,14465,14466],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14468,14469],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[30,14471,14473],{"className":32,"code":14472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14474,14475,14485,14495,14509,14532,14555],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14476,14477,14479,14481,14483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14478,137],{"class":136},[39,14480,124],{"class":53},[39,14482,11845],{"class":120},[39,14484,130],{"class":53},[39,14486,14487,14489,14491,14493],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14488,137],{"class":136},[39,14490,124],{"class":53},[39,14492,14040],{"class":120},[39,14494,130],{"class":53},[39,14496,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14498,137],{"class":136},[39,14500,124],{"class":53},[39,14502,11798],{"class":120},[39,14504,11906],{"class":3584},[39,14506,14094],{"class":120},[39,14508,130],{"class":53},[39,14510,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14526,14528,14530],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,14512,137],{"class":136},[39,14514,124],{"class":53},[39,14516,12362],{"class":136},[39,14518,124],{"class":53},[39,14520,11845],{"class":120},[39,14522,8951],{"class":53},[39,14524,14525],{"class":136}," id",[39,14527,124],{"class":53},[39,14529,14040],{"class":120},[39,14531,486],{"class":53},[39,14533,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14551,14553],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,14535,137],{"class":136},[39,14537,124],{"class":53},[39,14539,12362],{"class":136},[39,14541,124],{"class":53},[39,14543,11845],{"class":120},[39,14545,3609],{"class":53},[39,14547,562],{"class":517},[39,14549,14550],{"class":521},"key",[39,14552,562],{"class":517},[39,14554,2705],{"class":53},[39,14556,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,14558,137],{"class":136},[39,14560,124],{"class":53},[39,14562,12362],{"class":136},[39,14564,124],{"class":53},[39,14566,14040],{"class":120},[39,14568,3609],{"class":53},[39,14570,562],{"class":517},[39,14572,14550],{"class":521},[39,14574,562],{"class":517},[39,14576,2705],{"class":53},[20,14578,14579],{},"What these help you check:",[176,14581,14582,14585,14588],{},[179,14583,14584],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[179,14586,14587],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[179,14589,14590],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14592,14593,14594,117],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[195,14595,14597],{"href":14596},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[160,14599,1563],{"id":1562},[988,14601,1567,14603,14605],{"id":14602},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14604,12147],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14607,14608],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[988,14610,14612,14613,14615],{"id":14611},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14614,12147],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14617,14618],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[988,14620,4890,14622,4104,14624,2199],{"id":14621},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14623,12489],{},[15,14625,50],{},[20,14627,14628,14630,14631,14633],{},[15,14629,12489],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14632,50],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[988,14635,14637],{"id":14636},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14639,14640],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[160,14642,1613],{"id":1612},[176,14644,14645,14649,14653,14657,14664,14670],{},[179,14646,14647],{},[195,14648,10956],{"href":12737},[179,14650,14651],{},[195,14652,8873],{"href":12734},[179,14654,14655],{},[195,14656,13500],{"href":13499},[179,14658,14659],{},[195,14660,10451,14661,1627],{"href":13742},[15,14662,14663],{},"update()",[179,14665,14666],{},[195,14667,10451,14668,1627],{"href":12536},[15,14669,11035],{},[179,14671,14672],{},[195,14673,14674],{"href":14596},"How to copy a list in Python",[1642,14676,14677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":14679},[14680,14681,14683,14684,14685,14686,14688,14694,14695,14696,14705],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":12708,"depth":75,"text":14682},"What the copy() method does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":13142,"depth":75,"text":13143},{"id":13503,"depth":75,"text":14687},"When to use copy()",{"id":13752,"depth":75,"text":14689,"children":14690},"copy() vs assignment",[14691,14692],{"id":13769,"depth":99,"text":13770},{"id":13977,"depth":99,"text":14693},"Using copy()",{"id":14208,"depth":75,"text":14209},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":14697},[14698,14700,14702,14704],{"id":14602,"depth":99,"text":14699},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14611,"depth":99,"text":14701},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14621,"depth":99,"text":14703},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14636,"depth":99,"text":14637},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12542,"description":14706},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14713,"title":14714,"body":14715,"description":16912,"extension":1670,"meta":16913,"navigation":102,"path":12737,"seo":16914,"stem":16915,"__hash__":16916},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14716,"toc":16874},[14717,14720,14726,14735,14737,14813,14817,14866,14869,14873,14887,14890,14894,14907,14910,14943,14957,14960,14972,14976,14979,14987,15067,15071,15124,15128,15146,15148,15230,15233,15235,15238,15241,15264,15288,15292,15300,15303,15307,15316,15321,15378,15382,15415,15421,15427,15430,15485,15489,15539,15542,15548,15551,15559,15561,15606,15611,15620,15623,15626,15673,15675,15680,15683,15777,15781,15834,15837,15893,15896,15900,15903,15917,15921,15987,15991,16016,16019,16023,16101,16105,16108,16111,16131,16134,16187,16191,16194,16197,16210,16212,16301,16308,16311,16322,16324,16327,16347,16351,16354,16363,16366,16405,16409,16411,16420,16429,16431,16469,16473,16520,16524,16545,16549,16552,16664,16669,16766,16788,16790,16794,16801,16805,16811,16815,16818,16822,16825,16832,16840,16842,16868,16871],[10,14718,14714],{"id":14719},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14721,14722,14723,14725],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[382,14724,8849],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14727,14728,14729,1292,14731,117],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[195,14730,8873],{"href":8872},[195,14732,14734],{"href":14733},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[160,14736,1711],{"id":1710},[30,14738,14740],{"className":32,"code":14739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14741,14742,14750,14768,14782,14795,14799,14803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14743,14744,14746,14748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14745,12576],{"class":45},[39,14747,50],{"class":49},[39,14749,11205],{"class":53},[39,14751,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14753,11210],{"class":517},[39,14755,7382],{"class":521},[39,14757,562],{"class":517},[39,14759,1250],{"class":53},[39,14761,572],{"class":517},[39,14763,12593],{"class":521},[39,14765,562],{"class":517},[39,14767,11226],{"class":53},[39,14769,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14771,11210],{"class":517},[39,14773,9015],{"class":521},[39,14775,562],{"class":517},[39,14777,1250],{"class":53},[39,14779,7505],{"class":57},[39,14781,11226],{"class":53},[39,14783,14784,14786,14789,14791,14793],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,14785,11210],{"class":517},[39,14787,14788],{"class":521},"is_active",[39,14790,562],{"class":517},[39,14792,1250],{"class":53},[39,14794,6136],{"class":3559},[39,14796,14797],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,14798,72],{"class":53},[39,14800,14801],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,14802,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,14804,14805,14807,14809,14811],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,14806,137],{"class":136},[39,14808,124],{"class":53},[39,14810,13335],{"class":120},[39,14812,130],{"class":53},[20,14814,14815],{},[382,14816,353],{},[30,14818,14820],{"className":32,"code":14819,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14821,14822],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14823,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14825,363],{"class":53},[39,14827,524],{"class":517},[39,14829,7382],{"class":521},[39,14831,524],{"class":517},[39,14833,1250],{"class":53},[39,14835,518],{"class":517},[39,14837,12593],{"class":521},[39,14839,524],{"class":517},[39,14841,61],{"class":53},[39,14843,518],{"class":517},[39,14845,9015],{"class":521},[39,14847,524],{"class":517},[39,14849,1250],{"class":53},[39,14851,7505],{"class":57},[39,14853,61],{"class":53},[39,14855,518],{"class":517},[39,14857,14788],{"class":521},[39,14859,524],{"class":517},[39,14861,1250],{"class":53},[39,14863,3625],{"class":3559},[39,14865,72],{"class":53},[20,14867,14868],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[160,14870,14872],{"id":14871},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[176,14874,14875,14878,14881,14884],{},[179,14876,14877],{},"What a dictionary is",[179,14879,14880],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[179,14882,14883],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[179,14885,14886],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[160,14888,14877],{"id":14889},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14891,8846,14892,117],{},[382,14893,8849],{},[176,14895,14896,14902],{},[179,14897,14898,14899,14901],{},"A ",[382,14900,14550],{}," is the label",[179,14903,14898,14904,14906],{},[382,14905,2179],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14908,14909],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[30,14911,14913],{"className":32,"code":14912,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14914,14915,14923,14939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14916,14917,14919,14921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14918,12576],{"class":45},[39,14920,50],{"class":49},[39,14922,11205],{"class":53},[39,14924,14925,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,14926,11210],{"class":517},[39,14928,7382],{"class":521},[39,14930,562],{"class":517},[39,14932,1250],{"class":53},[39,14934,572],{"class":517},[39,14936,12593],{"class":521},[39,14938,3062],{"class":517},[39,14940,14941],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,14942,72],{"class":53},[176,14944,14945,14951],{},[179,14946,14947,14950],{},[15,14948,14949],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[179,14952,14953,14956],{},[15,14954,14955],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14958,14959],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[176,14961,14962,14964,14966,14969],{},[179,14963,7382],{},[179,14965,9015],{},[179,14967,14968],{},"email",[179,14970,14971],{},"country",[160,14973,14975],{"id":14974},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14977,14978],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14980,154,14981,14983,14984,117],{},[15,14982,3498],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14985,14986],{},"key: value",[30,14988,14990],{"className":32,"code":14989,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14991,14992,15000,15018,15032,15049,15053,15057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14993,14994,14996,14998],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14995,12576],{"class":45},[39,14997,50],{"class":49},[39,14999,11205],{"class":53},[39,15001,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15003,11210],{"class":517},[39,15005,7382],{"class":521},[39,15007,562],{"class":517},[39,15009,1250],{"class":53},[39,15011,572],{"class":517},[39,15013,12593],{"class":521},[39,15015,562],{"class":517},[39,15017,11226],{"class":53},[39,15019,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15021,11210],{"class":517},[39,15023,9015],{"class":521},[39,15025,562],{"class":517},[39,15027,1250],{"class":53},[39,15029,7505],{"class":57},[39,15031,11226],{"class":53},[39,15033,15034,15036,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15035,11210],{"class":517},[39,15037,15038],{"class":521},"course",[39,15040,562],{"class":517},[39,15042,1250],{"class":53},[39,15044,572],{"class":517},[39,15046,7010],{"class":521},[39,15048,3062],{"class":517},[39,15050,15051],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15052,72],{"class":53},[39,15054,15055],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,15056,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15058,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,15060,137],{"class":136},[39,15062,124],{"class":53},[39,15064,13335],{"class":120},[39,15066,130],{"class":53},[20,15068,15069],{},[382,15070,353],{},[30,15072,15074],{"className":32,"code":15073,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15075,15076],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15077,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15079,363],{"class":53},[39,15081,524],{"class":517},[39,15083,7382],{"class":521},[39,15085,524],{"class":517},[39,15087,1250],{"class":53},[39,15089,518],{"class":517},[39,15091,12593],{"class":521},[39,15093,524],{"class":517},[39,15095,61],{"class":53},[39,15097,518],{"class":517},[39,15099,9015],{"class":521},[39,15101,524],{"class":517},[39,15103,1250],{"class":53},[39,15105,7505],{"class":57},[39,15107,61],{"class":53},[39,15109,518],{"class":517},[39,15111,15038],{"class":521},[39,15113,524],{"class":517},[39,15115,1250],{"class":53},[39,15117,518],{"class":517},[39,15119,7010],{"class":521},[39,15121,524],{"class":517},[39,15123,72],{"class":53},[988,15125,15127],{"id":15126},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[176,15129,15130,15135,15140,15143],{},[179,15131,154,15132,15134],{},[15,15133,3498],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[179,15136,15137,15138],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15139,14986],{},[179,15141,15142],{},"Separate items with commas",[179,15144,15145],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15147,267],{},[30,15149,15151],{"className":32,"code":15150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15152,15153,15162,15182,15198,15211,15215,15219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15154,15155,15158,15160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15156,15157],{"class":45},"book ",[39,15159,50],{"class":49},[39,15161,11205],{"class":53},[39,15163,15164,15166,15169,15171,15173,15175,15178,15180],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15165,11210],{"class":517},[39,15167,15168],{"class":521},"title",[39,15170,562],{"class":517},[39,15172,1250],{"class":53},[39,15174,572],{"class":517},[39,15176,15177],{"class":521},"Python Basics",[39,15179,562],{"class":517},[39,15181,11226],{"class":53},[39,15183,15184,15186,15189,15191,15193,15196],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15185,11210],{"class":517},[39,15187,15188],{"class":521},"pages",[39,15190,562],{"class":517},[39,15192,1250],{"class":53},[39,15194,15195],{"class":57}," 150",[39,15197,11226],{"class":53},[39,15199,15200,15202,15205,15207,15209],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15201,11210],{"class":517},[39,15203,15204],{"class":521},"available",[39,15206,562],{"class":517},[39,15208,1250],{"class":53},[39,15210,6136],{"class":3559},[39,15212,15213],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15214,72],{"class":53},[39,15216,15217],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,15218,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15220,15221,15223,15225,15228],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,15222,137],{"class":136},[39,15224,124],{"class":53},[39,15226,15227],{"class":120},"book",[39,15229,130],{"class":53},[20,15231,15232],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[160,15234,9118],{"id":9117},[20,15236,15237],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15239,15240],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[30,15242,15244],{"className":32,"code":15243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15245,15246,15254],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15247,15248,15250,15252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15249,8883],{"class":45},[39,15251,50],{"class":49},[39,15253,9553],{"class":53},[39,15255,15256,15258,15260,15262],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15257,137],{"class":136},[39,15259,124],{"class":53},[39,15261,8922],{"class":120},[39,15263,130],{"class":53},[30,15265,15266],{"className":32,"code":9121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,15267,15268,15278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15269,15270,15272,15274,15276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15271,8883],{"class":45},[39,15273,50],{"class":49},[39,15275,8888],{"class":478},[39,15277,1609],{"class":53},[39,15279,15280,15282,15284,15286],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15281,137],{"class":136},[39,15283,124],{"class":53},[39,15285,8922],{"class":120},[39,15287,130],{"class":53},[20,15289,15290],{},[382,15291,353],{},[30,15293,15294],{"className":32,"code":9150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,15295,15296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15297,15298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15299,9150],{"class":53},[20,15301,15302],{},"Both are correct.",[988,15304,15306],{"id":15305},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15308,15309,15311,15312,15315],{},[15,15310,3498],{}," creates an empty ",[382,15313,15314],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15317,15318,15319,117],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15320,3503],{},[30,15322,15324],{"className":32,"code":15323,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15325,15326,15334,15346,15350,15364],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15327,15328,15330,15332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15329,11436],{"class":45},[39,15331,50],{"class":49},[39,15333,9553],{"class":53},[39,15335,15336,15339,15341,15344],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15337,15338],{"class":45},"my_set ",[39,15340,50],{"class":49},[39,15342,15343],{"class":478}," set",[39,15345,1609],{"class":53},[39,15347,15348],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15349,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15351,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15353,137],{"class":136},[39,15355,124],{"class":53},[39,15357,479],{"class":478},[39,15359,124],{"class":53},[39,15361,11163],{"class":120},[39,15363,486],{"class":53},[39,15365,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15367,137],{"class":136},[39,15369,124],{"class":53},[39,15371,479],{"class":478},[39,15373,124],{"class":53},[39,15375,1318],{"class":120},[39,15377,486],{"class":53},[20,15379,15380],{},[382,15381,353],{},[30,15383,15385],{"className":32,"code":15384,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15386,15387,15401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15388,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15390,510],{"class":49},[39,15392,514],{"class":513},[39,15394,518],{"class":517},[39,15396,8538],{"class":521},[39,15398,524],{"class":517},[39,15400,527],{"class":49},[39,15402,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15404,510],{"class":49},[39,15406,514],{"class":513},[39,15408,518],{"class":517},[39,15410,384],{"class":521},[39,15412,524],{"class":517},[39,15414,527],{"class":49},[160,15416,15418,15419],{"id":15417},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15420,8837],{},[20,15422,15423,15424,15426],{},"You can also use ",[15,15425,8837],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15428,15429],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[30,15431,15433],{"className":32,"code":15432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15434,15435,15475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15436,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15464,15466,15469,15471,15473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15438,12576],{"class":45},[39,15440,50],{"class":49},[39,15442,8888],{"class":478},[39,15444,124],{"class":53},[39,15446,7382],{"class":8893},[39,15448,50],{"class":49},[39,15450,562],{"class":517},[39,15452,12593],{"class":521},[39,15454,562],{"class":517},[39,15456,61],{"class":53},[39,15458,8906],{"class":8893},[39,15460,50],{"class":49},[39,15462,15463],{"class":57},"20",[39,15465,61],{"class":53},[39,15467,15468],{"class":8893}," active",[39,15470,50],{"class":49},[39,15472,3308],{"class":3559},[39,15474,130],{"class":53},[39,15476,15477,15479,15481,15483],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15478,137],{"class":136},[39,15480,124],{"class":53},[39,15482,13335],{"class":120},[39,15484,130],{"class":53},[20,15486,15487],{},[382,15488,353],{},[30,15490,15492],{"className":32,"code":15491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15493,15494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15495,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15531,15533,15535,15537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15497,363],{"class":53},[39,15499,524],{"class":517},[39,15501,7382],{"class":521},[39,15503,524],{"class":517},[39,15505,1250],{"class":53},[39,15507,518],{"class":517},[39,15509,12593],{"class":521},[39,15511,524],{"class":517},[39,15513,61],{"class":53},[39,15515,518],{"class":517},[39,15517,9015],{"class":521},[39,15519,524],{"class":517},[39,15521,1250],{"class":53},[39,15523,7505],{"class":57},[39,15525,61],{"class":53},[39,15527,518],{"class":517},[39,15529,15530],{"class":521},"active",[39,15532,524],{"class":517},[39,15534,1250],{"class":53},[39,15536,3625],{"class":3559},[39,15538,72],{"class":53},[20,15540,15541],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[988,15543,15545,15546],{"id":15544},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15547,8837],{},[20,15549,15550],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[176,15552,15553,15556],{},[179,15554,15555],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[179,15557,15558],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15560,6400],{},[30,15562,15564],{"className":32,"code":15563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15565,15566,15596],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15567,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15569,11200],{"class":45},[39,15571,50],{"class":49},[39,15573,8888],{"class":478},[39,15575,124],{"class":53},[39,15577,7382],{"class":8893},[39,15579,50],{"class":49},[39,15581,562],{"class":517},[39,15583,7391],{"class":521},[39,15585,562],{"class":517},[39,15587,61],{"class":53},[39,15589,8906],{"class":8893},[39,15591,50],{"class":49},[39,15593,8911],{"class":57},[39,15595,130],{"class":53},[39,15597,15598,15600,15602,15604],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15599,137],{"class":136},[39,15601,124],{"class":53},[39,15603,11294],{"class":120},[39,15605,130],{"class":53},[20,15607,4337,15608,15610],{},[382,15609,4340],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[30,15612,15614],{"className":32,"code":15613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15615,15616],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15617,15618],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15619,15613],{"class":150},[20,15621,15622],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15624,15625],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[30,15627,15629],{"className":32,"code":15628,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15630,15631,15639,15655,15659,15663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15632,15633,15635,15637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15634,11200],{"class":45},[39,15636,50],{"class":49},[39,15638,11205],{"class":53},[39,15640,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15642,11210],{"class":517},[39,15644,10210],{"class":521},[39,15646,562],{"class":517},[39,15648,1250],{"class":53},[39,15650,572],{"class":517},[39,15652,7391],{"class":521},[39,15654,3062],{"class":517},[39,15656,15657],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15658,72],{"class":53},[39,15660,15661],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15662,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15664,15665,15667,15669,15671],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15666,137],{"class":136},[39,15668,124],{"class":53},[39,15670,11294],{"class":120},[39,15672,130],{"class":53},[160,15674,9160],{"id":9159},[20,15676,15677,15679],{},[15,15678,8837],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15681,15682],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[30,15684,15686],{"className":32,"code":15685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15687,15688,15745,15749,15763,15767],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15689,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15741,15743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15691,8933],{"class":45},[39,15693,50],{"class":49},[39,15695,8938],{"class":53},[39,15697,562],{"class":517},[39,15699,7382],{"class":521},[39,15701,562],{"class":517},[39,15703,61],{"class":53},[39,15705,572],{"class":517},[39,15707,12593],{"class":521},[39,15709,562],{"class":517},[39,15711,8951],{"class":53},[39,15713,933],{"class":53},[39,15715,562],{"class":517},[39,15717,9015],{"class":521},[39,15719,562],{"class":517},[39,15721,61],{"class":53},[39,15723,7505],{"class":57},[39,15725,8951],{"class":53},[39,15727,933],{"class":53},[39,15729,562],{"class":517},[39,15731,10124],{"class":521},[39,15733,562],{"class":517},[39,15735,61],{"class":53},[39,15737,572],{"class":517},[39,15739,15740],{"class":521},"Lima",[39,15742,562],{"class":517},[39,15744,8966],{"class":53},[39,15746,15747],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15748,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15750,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15752,12576],{"class":45},[39,15754,50],{"class":49},[39,15756,8888],{"class":478},[39,15758,124],{"class":53},[39,15760,8979],{"class":120},[39,15762,130],{"class":53},[39,15764,15765],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15766,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15768,15769,15771,15773,15775],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15770,137],{"class":136},[39,15772,124],{"class":53},[39,15774,13335],{"class":120},[39,15776,130],{"class":53},[20,15778,15779],{},[382,15780,353],{},[30,15782,15784],{"className":32,"code":15783,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15785,15786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15787,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15789,363],{"class":53},[39,15791,524],{"class":517},[39,15793,7382],{"class":521},[39,15795,524],{"class":517},[39,15797,1250],{"class":53},[39,15799,518],{"class":517},[39,15801,12593],{"class":521},[39,15803,524],{"class":517},[39,15805,61],{"class":53},[39,15807,518],{"class":517},[39,15809,9015],{"class":521},[39,15811,524],{"class":517},[39,15813,1250],{"class":53},[39,15815,7505],{"class":57},[39,15817,61],{"class":53},[39,15819,518],{"class":517},[39,15821,10124],{"class":521},[39,15823,524],{"class":517},[39,15825,1250],{"class":53},[39,15827,518],{"class":517},[39,15829,15740],{"class":521},[39,15831,524],{"class":517},[39,15833,72],{"class":53},[20,15835,15836],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[30,15838,15840],{"className":32,"code":15839,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15841,15842,15883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15843,15844,15846,15848,15850,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15845,12576],{"class":45},[39,15847,50],{"class":49},[39,15849,8888],{"class":478},[39,15851,15852],{"class":53},"(((",[39,15854,562],{"class":517},[39,15856,7382],{"class":521},[39,15858,562],{"class":517},[39,15860,61],{"class":53},[39,15862,572],{"class":517},[39,15864,12593],{"class":521},[39,15866,562],{"class":517},[39,15868,8951],{"class":53},[39,15870,933],{"class":53},[39,15872,562],{"class":517},[39,15874,9015],{"class":521},[39,15876,562],{"class":517},[39,15878,61],{"class":53},[39,15880,7505],{"class":57},[39,15882,2619],{"class":53},[39,15884,15885,15887,15889,15891],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15886,137],{"class":136},[39,15888,124],{"class":53},[39,15890,13335],{"class":120},[39,15892,130],{"class":53},[20,15894,15895],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[160,15897,15899],{"id":15898},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15901,15902],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[176,15904,15905,15908,15911,15914],{},[179,15906,15907],{},"Keys must be unique",[179,15909,15910],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[179,15912,15913],{},"Values can repeat",[179,15915,15916],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[988,15918,15920],{"id":15919},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[30,15922,15924],{"className":32,"code":15923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15925,15926,15934,15952,15969,15973,15977],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15927,15928,15930,15932],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15929,8883],{"class":45},[39,15931,50],{"class":49},[39,15933,11205],{"class":53},[39,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,15937,11210],{"class":517},[39,15939,7382],{"class":521},[39,15941,562],{"class":517},[39,15943,1250],{"class":53},[39,15945,572],{"class":517},[39,15947,12593],{"class":521},[39,15949,562],{"class":517},[39,15951,11226],{"class":53},[39,15953,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15967],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,15955,11210],{"class":517},[39,15957,7382],{"class":521},[39,15959,562],{"class":517},[39,15961,1250],{"class":53},[39,15963,572],{"class":517},[39,15965,15966],{"class":521},"Maria",[39,15968,3062],{"class":517},[39,15970,15971],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,15972,72],{"class":53},[39,15974,15975],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,15976,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,15978,15979,15981,15983,15985],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,15980,137],{"class":136},[39,15982,124],{"class":53},[39,15984,8922],{"class":120},[39,15986,130],{"class":53},[20,15988,15989],{},[382,15990,353],{},[30,15992,15994],{"className":32,"code":15993,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15995,15996],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15997,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15999,363],{"class":53},[39,16001,524],{"class":517},[39,16003,7382],{"class":521},[39,16005,524],{"class":517},[39,16007,1250],{"class":53},[39,16009,518],{"class":517},[39,16011,15966],{"class":521},[39,16013,524],{"class":517},[39,16015,72],{"class":53},[20,16017,16018],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[988,16020,16022],{"id":16021},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[30,16024,16026],{"className":32,"code":16025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16027,16028,16036,16052,16068,16082,16086,16090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16029,16030,16032,16034],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16031,4774],{"class":45},[39,16033,50],{"class":49},[39,16035,11205],{"class":53},[39,16037,16038,16041,16043,16045,16048,16050],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16039,16040],{"class":57},"    1",[39,16042,1250],{"class":53},[39,16044,572],{"class":517},[39,16046,16047],{"class":521},"low",[39,16049,562],{"class":517},[39,16051,11226],{"class":53},[39,16053,16054,16057,16059,16061,16064,16066],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16055,16056],{"class":57},"    2",[39,16058,1250],{"class":53},[39,16060,572],{"class":517},[39,16062,16063],{"class":521},"medium",[39,16065,562],{"class":517},[39,16067,11226],{"class":53},[39,16069,16070,16073,16075,16077,16080],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,16071,16072],{"class":57},"    3",[39,16074,1250],{"class":53},[39,16076,572],{"class":517},[39,16078,16079],{"class":521},"high",[39,16081,3062],{"class":517},[39,16083,16084],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,16085,72],{"class":53},[39,16087,16088],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,16089,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,16091,16092,16094,16096,16099],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,16093,137],{"class":136},[39,16095,124],{"class":53},[39,16097,16098],{"class":120},"scores",[39,16100,130],{"class":53},[988,16102,16104],{"id":16103},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16106,16107],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16109,16110],{},"This will cause an error:",[30,16112,16114],{"className":32,"code":16113,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16115,16116,16121,16126],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16117,16118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16119,16120],{"class":150},"# bad = {\n",[39,16122,16123],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16124,16125],{"class":150},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[39,16127,16128],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16129,16130],{"class":150},"# }\n",[20,16132,16133],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[30,16135,16137],{"className":32,"code":16136,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16138,16139,16148,16168,16172,16176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16140,16141,16144,16146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16142,16143],{"class":45},"good ",[39,16145,50],{"class":49},[39,16147,11205],{"class":53},[39,16149,16150,16153,16155,16157,16159,16162,16164,16166],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16151,16152],{"class":53},"    (",[39,16154,58],{"class":57},[39,16156,61],{"class":53},[39,16158,64],{"class":57},[39,16160,16161],{"class":53},"):",[39,16163,572],{"class":517},[39,16165,1457],{"class":521},[39,16167,3062],{"class":517},[39,16169,16170],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16171,72],{"class":53},[39,16173,16174],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,16175,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,16177,16178,16180,16182,16185],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,16179,137],{"class":136},[39,16181,124],{"class":53},[39,16183,16184],{"class":120},"good",[39,16186,130],{"class":53},[160,16188,16190],{"id":16189},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16192,16193],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16195,16196],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[176,16198,16199,16202,16204,16207],{},[179,16200,16201],{},"user data",[179,16203,13594],{},[179,16205,16206],{},"counters",[179,16208,16209],{},"lookups",[20,16211,267],{},[30,16213,16215],{"className":32,"code":16214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16216,16217,16225,16244,16263,16275,16279,16283],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16218,16219,16221,16223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16220,11200],{"class":45},[39,16222,50],{"class":49},[39,16224,11205],{"class":53},[39,16226,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16240,16242],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16228,11210],{"class":517},[39,16230,7701],{"class":521},[39,16232,562],{"class":517},[39,16234,1250],{"class":53},[39,16236,572],{"class":517},[39,16238,16239],{"class":521},"ana123",[39,16241,562],{"class":517},[39,16243,11226],{"class":53},[39,16245,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16259,16261],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16247,11210],{"class":517},[39,16249,14968],{"class":521},[39,16251,562],{"class":517},[39,16253,1250],{"class":53},[39,16255,572],{"class":517},[39,16257,16258],{"class":521},"ana@example.com",[39,16260,562],{"class":517},[39,16262,11226],{"class":53},[39,16264,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,16266,11210],{"class":517},[39,16268,12227],{"class":521},[39,16270,562],{"class":517},[39,16272,1250],{"class":53},[39,16274,6136],{"class":3559},[39,16276,16277],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,16278,72],{"class":53},[39,16280,16281],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,16282,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,16284,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,16286,137],{"class":136},[39,16288,124],{"class":53},[39,16290,11294],{"class":120},[39,16292,3609],{"class":53},[39,16294,562],{"class":517},[39,16296,14968],{"class":521},[39,16298,562],{"class":517},[39,16300,3597],{"class":53},[20,16302,16303,16304,117],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[195,16305,16307],{"href":16306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16309,16310],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[176,16312,16313,16316,16319],{},[179,16314,16315],{},"labels are not needed",[179,16317,16318],{},"you mostly care about position",[179,16320,16321],{},"order matters more than named fields",[160,16323,2537],{"id":2536},[20,16325,16326],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[176,16328,16329,16332,16335,16338,16341],{},[179,16330,16331],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[179,16333,16334],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[179,16336,16337],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[179,16339,16340],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[179,16342,16343,16344,16346],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16345,3498],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[988,16348,16350],{"id":16349},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16352,16353],{},"Wrong:",[30,16355,16357],{"className":32,"code":16356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16358,16359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16360,16361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16362,16356],{"class":150},[20,16364,16365],{},"Correct:",[30,16367,16369],{"className":32,"code":16368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16370,16371,16395],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16372,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16374,12576],{"class":45},[39,16376,50],{"class":49},[39,16378,54],{"class":53},[39,16380,562],{"class":517},[39,16382,7382],{"class":521},[39,16384,562],{"class":517},[39,16386,1250],{"class":53},[39,16388,572],{"class":517},[39,16390,12593],{"class":521},[39,16392,562],{"class":517},[39,16394,72],{"class":53},[39,16396,16397,16399,16401,16403],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16398,137],{"class":136},[39,16400,124],{"class":53},[39,16402,13335],{"class":120},[39,16404,130],{"class":53},[988,16406,16408],{"id":16407},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16410,16353],{},[30,16412,16414],{"className":32,"code":16413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16415,16416],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16417,16418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16419,16413],{"class":150},[20,16421,16422,16423,16425,16426,16428],{},"This only works if ",[15,16424,7382],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16427,14949],{},", use quotes.",[20,16430,16365],{},[30,16432,16433],{"className":32,"code":16368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,16434,16435,16459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16436,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16438,12576],{"class":45},[39,16440,50],{"class":49},[39,16442,54],{"class":53},[39,16444,562],{"class":517},[39,16446,7382],{"class":521},[39,16448,562],{"class":517},[39,16450,1250],{"class":53},[39,16452,572],{"class":517},[39,16454,12593],{"class":521},[39,16456,562],{"class":517},[39,16458,72],{"class":53},[39,16460,16461,16463,16465,16467],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16462,137],{"class":136},[39,16464,124],{"class":53},[39,16466,13335],{"class":120},[39,16468,130],{"class":53},[988,16470,16472],{"id":16471},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[30,16474,16476],{"className":32,"code":16475,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16477,16478,16510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16479,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16481,8883],{"class":45},[39,16483,50],{"class":49},[39,16485,54],{"class":53},[39,16487,562],{"class":517},[39,16489,9015],{"class":521},[39,16491,562],{"class":517},[39,16493,1250],{"class":53},[39,16495,7505],{"class":57},[39,16497,61],{"class":53},[39,16499,572],{"class":517},[39,16501,9015],{"class":521},[39,16503,562],{"class":517},[39,16505,1250],{"class":53},[39,16507,7510],{"class":57},[39,16509,72],{"class":53},[39,16511,16512,16514,16516,16518],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16513,137],{"class":136},[39,16515,124],{"class":53},[39,16517,8922],{"class":120},[39,16519,130],{"class":53},[20,16521,16522],{},[382,16523,353],{},[30,16525,16527],{"className":32,"code":16526,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16528,16529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16530,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539,16541,16543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16532,363],{"class":53},[39,16534,524],{"class":517},[39,16536,9015],{"class":521},[39,16538,524],{"class":517},[39,16540,1250],{"class":53},[39,16542,7510],{"class":57},[39,16544,72],{"class":53},[160,16546,16548],{"id":16547},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16550,16551],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[30,16553,16555],{"className":32,"code":16554,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16556,16557,16593,16597,16607,16621,16636,16650],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16558,16559,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16560,11436],{"class":45},[39,16562,50],{"class":49},[39,16564,54],{"class":53},[39,16566,562],{"class":517},[39,16568,7382],{"class":521},[39,16570,562],{"class":517},[39,16572,1250],{"class":53},[39,16574,572],{"class":517},[39,16576,12593],{"class":521},[39,16578,562],{"class":517},[39,16580,61],{"class":53},[39,16582,572],{"class":517},[39,16584,9015],{"class":521},[39,16586,562],{"class":517},[39,16588,1250],{"class":53},[39,16590,7505],{"class":57},[39,16592,72],{"class":53},[39,16594,16595],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16596,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16600,137],{"class":136},[39,16602,124],{"class":53},[39,16604,11163],{"class":120},[39,16606,130],{"class":53},[39,16608,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,16610,137],{"class":136},[39,16612,124],{"class":53},[39,16614,479],{"class":478},[39,16616,124],{"class":53},[39,16618,11163],{"class":120},[39,16620,486],{"class":53},[39,16622,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16634],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,16624,137],{"class":136},[39,16626,124],{"class":53},[39,16628,11163],{"class":120},[39,16630,117],{"class":53},[39,16632,16633],{"class":120},"keys",[39,16635,6907],{"class":53},[39,16637,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646,16648],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,16639,137],{"class":136},[39,16641,124],{"class":53},[39,16643,11163],{"class":120},[39,16645,117],{"class":53},[39,16647,5070],{"class":120},[39,16649,6907],{"class":53},[39,16651,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16662],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,16653,137],{"class":136},[39,16655,124],{"class":53},[39,16657,1361],{"class":136},[39,16659,124],{"class":53},[39,16661,11163],{"class":120},[39,16663,486],{"class":53},[20,16665,16666],{},[382,16667,16668],{},"Example output:",[30,16670,16672],{"className":32,"code":16671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16673,16674,16706,16720,16743,16762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16675,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16677,363],{"class":53},[39,16679,524],{"class":517},[39,16681,7382],{"class":521},[39,16683,524],{"class":517},[39,16685,1250],{"class":53},[39,16687,518],{"class":517},[39,16689,12593],{"class":521},[39,16691,524],{"class":517},[39,16693,61],{"class":53},[39,16695,518],{"class":517},[39,16697,9015],{"class":521},[39,16699,524],{"class":517},[39,16701,1250],{"class":53},[39,16703,7505],{"class":57},[39,16705,72],{"class":53},[39,16707,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16709,510],{"class":49},[39,16711,514],{"class":513},[39,16713,518],{"class":517},[39,16715,8538],{"class":521},[39,16717,524],{"class":517},[39,16719,527],{"class":49},[39,16721,16722,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,16723,16724],{"class":120},"dict_keys",[39,16726,917],{"class":53},[39,16728,524],{"class":517},[39,16730,7382],{"class":521},[39,16732,524],{"class":517},[39,16734,61],{"class":53},[39,16736,518],{"class":517},[39,16738,9015],{"class":521},[39,16740,524],{"class":517},[39,16742,3597],{"class":53},[39,16744,16745,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,16746,16747],{"class":120},"dict_values",[39,16749,917],{"class":53},[39,16751,524],{"class":517},[39,16753,12593],{"class":521},[39,16755,524],{"class":517},[39,16757,61],{"class":53},[39,16759,7505],{"class":57},[39,16761,3597],{"class":53},[39,16763,16764],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,16765,1553],{"class":57},[20,16767,16768,16769,1896,16775,16781,16782,117],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[195,16770,10451,16772],{"href":16771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16773,16774],{},"keys()",[195,16776,10451,16778],{"href":16777},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16779,16780],{},"values()",", and ",[195,16783,10451,16785],{"href":16784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16786,16787],{},"items()",[160,16789,1563],{"id":1562},[988,16791,16793],{"id":16792},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16795,154,16796,1292,16798,16800],{},[15,16797,3498],{},[15,16799,8837],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[988,16802,16804],{"id":16803},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16806,16807,16808,117],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16809,16810],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[988,16812,16814],{"id":16813},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16816,16817],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[988,16819,16821],{"id":16820},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16823,16824],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[988,16826,4890,16828,4104,16830,2199],{"id":16827},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16829,3498],{},[15,16831,8837],{},[20,16833,16834,16836,16837,16839],{},[15,16835,3498],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16838,8837],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[160,16841,1613],{"id":1612},[176,16843,16844,16848,16854,16858,16864],{},[179,16845,16846],{},[195,16847,8873],{"href":8872},[179,16849,16850],{},[195,16851,10451,16852,1627],{"href":10450},[15,16853,10454],{},[179,16855,16856],{},[195,16857,10965],{"href":10445},[179,16859,16860],{},[195,16861,16863],{"href":16862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[179,16865,16866],{},[195,16867,10976],{"href":10788},[20,16869,16870],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1642,16872,16873],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":16875},[16876,16877,16878,16879,16882,16885,16890,16891,16896,16897,16902,16903,16911],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":14889,"depth":75,"text":14877},{"id":14974,"depth":75,"text":14975,"children":16880},[16881],{"id":15126,"depth":99,"text":15127},{"id":9117,"depth":75,"text":9118,"children":16883},[16884],{"id":15305,"depth":99,"text":15306},{"id":15417,"depth":75,"text":16886,"children":16887},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16888],{"id":15544,"depth":99,"text":16889},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9159,"depth":75,"text":9160},{"id":15898,"depth":75,"text":15899,"children":16892},[16893,16894,16895],{"id":15919,"depth":99,"text":15920},{"id":16021,"depth":99,"text":16022},{"id":16103,"depth":99,"text":16104},{"id":16189,"depth":75,"text":16190},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":16898},[16899,16900,16901],{"id":16349,"depth":99,"text":16350},{"id":16407,"depth":99,"text":16408},{"id":16471,"depth":99,"text":16472},{"id":16547,"depth":75,"text":16548},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":16904},[16905,16906,16907,16908,16909],{"id":16792,"depth":99,"text":16793},{"id":16803,"depth":99,"text":16804},{"id":16813,"depth":99,"text":16814},{"id":16820,"depth":99,"text":16821},{"id":16827,"depth":99,"text":16910},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14714,"description":16912},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16918,"title":16919,"body":16920,"description":19367,"extension":1670,"meta":19368,"navigation":102,"path":19369,"seo":19370,"stem":19371,"__hash__":19372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16921,"toc":19323},[16922,16928,16934,16937,16940,16942,17024,17030,17035,17039,17057,17069,17074,17078,17101,17105,17117,17125,17127,17133,17135,17138,17212,17214,17259,17261,17278,17283,17289,17294,17368,17370,17415,17418,17429,17431,17550,17552,17605,17612,17616,17619,17636,17642,17646,17744,17746,17797,17804,17808,17814,17817,17820,17847,17852,17856,17859,17963,17965,18010,18013,18016,18021,18026,18037,18039,18100,18160,18166,18174,18180,18185,18190,18250,18254,18321,18324,18328,18399,18402,18415,18422,18424,18428,18432,18503,18505,18542,18545,18548,18611,18618,18621,18663,18673,18676,18745,18751,18756,18840,18842,18891,18898,18904,18949,18951,18984,18989,18993,18999,19038,19082,19150,19193,19195,19201,19204,19208,19213,19217,19220,19224,19226,19287,19289,19315,19320],[10,16923,11032,16925,18],{"id":16924},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16926,16927],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16929,16930,16933],{},[15,16931,16932],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16935,16936],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16938,16939],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[160,16941,1711],{"id":1710},[30,16943,16945],{"className":32,"code":16944,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16946,16947,16980,17008,17019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16948,16949,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16950,16951],{"class":45},"keys ",[39,16953,50],{"class":49},[39,16955,3327],{"class":53},[39,16957,562],{"class":517},[39,16959,7382],{"class":521},[39,16961,562],{"class":517},[39,16963,61],{"class":53},[39,16965,572],{"class":517},[39,16967,9015],{"class":521},[39,16969,562],{"class":517},[39,16971,61],{"class":53},[39,16973,572],{"class":517},[39,16975,10124],{"class":521},[39,16977,562],{"class":517},[39,16979,3340],{"class":53},[39,16981,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17004,17006],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,16983,12913],{"class":45},[39,16985,50],{"class":49},[39,16987,8888],{"class":478},[39,16989,117],{"class":53},[39,16991,16992],{"class":120},"fromkeys",[39,16994,124],{"class":53},[39,16996,16633],{"class":120},[39,16998,61],{"class":53},[39,17000,572],{"class":517},[39,17002,17003],{"class":521},"unknown",[39,17005,562],{"class":517},[39,17007,130],{"class":53},[39,17009,17010,17012,17014,17017],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17011,137],{"class":136},[39,17013,124],{"class":53},[39,17015,17016],{"class":120},"person",[39,17018,130],{"class":53},[39,17020,17021],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17022,17023],{"class":150},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17025,154,17026,17029],{},[15,17027,17028],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[160,17031,3383,17033,3386],{"id":17032},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17034,16932],{},[20,17036,17037,1250],{},[15,17038,16932],{},[176,17040,17041,17044,17047,17050],{},[179,17042,17043],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[179,17045,17046],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[179,17048,17049],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[179,17051,17052,17053,17056],{},"Is called as ",[15,17054,17055],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17058,17059,17060,17062,17063,17065,17066,117],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17061,8538],{},", so you write ",[15,17064,17055],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17067,17068],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17070,17071,17072,117],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[195,17073,8873],{"href":12734},[160,17075,17077],{"id":17076},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[30,17079,17081],{"className":32,"code":17080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17082,17083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17084,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17086,8538],{"class":478},[39,17088,117],{"class":53},[39,17090,16992],{"class":120},[39,17092,124],{"class":53},[39,17094,3426],{"class":120},[39,17096,61],{"class":53},[39,17098,8150],{"class":120},[39,17100,130],{"class":53},[988,17102,17104],{"id":17103},"parameters","Parameters",[176,17106,17107,17112],{},[179,17108,17109,17111],{},[15,17110,3426],{},": the keys to use",[179,17113,17114,17116],{},[15,17115,2179],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17118,17119,17120,17122,17123,117],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17121,2179],{},", each key gets ",[15,17124,3484],{},[988,17126,375],{"id":374},[20,17128,17129,17130,117],{},"It returns a ",[382,17131,17132],{},"new dictionary",[160,17134,5500],{"id":5499},[20,17136,17137],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[30,17139,17141],{"className":32,"code":17140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17142,17143,17175,17197,17201],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17144,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17146,16951],{"class":45},[39,17148,50],{"class":49},[39,17150,3327],{"class":53},[39,17152,562],{"class":517},[39,17154,565],{"class":521},[39,17156,562],{"class":517},[39,17158,61],{"class":53},[39,17160,572],{"class":517},[39,17162,584],{"class":521},[39,17164,562],{"class":517},[39,17166,61],{"class":53},[39,17168,572],{"class":517},[39,17170,575],{"class":521},[39,17172,562],{"class":517},[39,17174,3340],{"class":53},[39,17176,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,17178,12786],{"class":45},[39,17180,50],{"class":49},[39,17182,8888],{"class":478},[39,17184,117],{"class":53},[39,17186,16992],{"class":120},[39,17188,124],{"class":53},[39,17190,16633],{"class":120},[39,17192,61],{"class":53},[39,17194,3540],{"class":57},[39,17196,130],{"class":53},[39,17198,17199],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17200,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17202,17203,17205,17207,17210],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17204,137],{"class":136},[39,17206,124],{"class":53},[39,17208,17209],{"class":120},"colors",[39,17211,130],{"class":53},[20,17213,353],{},[30,17215,17217],{"className":32,"code":17216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17218,17219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17220,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17222,363],{"class":53},[39,17224,524],{"class":517},[39,17226,565],{"class":521},[39,17228,524],{"class":517},[39,17230,1250],{"class":53},[39,17232,3540],{"class":57},[39,17234,61],{"class":53},[39,17236,518],{"class":517},[39,17238,584],{"class":521},[39,17240,524],{"class":517},[39,17242,1250],{"class":53},[39,17244,3540],{"class":57},[39,17246,61],{"class":53},[39,17248,518],{"class":517},[39,17250,575],{"class":521},[39,17252,524],{"class":517},[39,17254,1250],{"class":53},[39,17256,3540],{"class":57},[39,17258,72],{"class":53},[20,17260,692],{},[176,17262,17263,17268,17273],{},[179,17264,17265,17267],{},[15,17266,16633],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[179,17269,17270,17272],{},[15,17271,1826],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[179,17274,17275,17277],{},[15,17276,16932],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17279,17280,17281,117],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[195,17282,9107],{"href":12737},[160,17284,718,17286,17288],{"id":17285},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17287,16927],{}," without a value",[20,17290,17291,17292,117],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17293,3484],{},[30,17295,17297],{"className":32,"code":17296,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17298,17299,17333,17353,17357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17300,17301,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17329,17331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17302,17303],{"class":45},"fields ",[39,17305,50],{"class":49},[39,17307,3327],{"class":53},[39,17309,562],{"class":517},[39,17311,7701],{"class":521},[39,17313,562],{"class":517},[39,17315,61],{"class":53},[39,17317,572],{"class":517},[39,17319,14968],{"class":521},[39,17321,562],{"class":517},[39,17323,61],{"class":53},[39,17325,572],{"class":517},[39,17327,17328],{"class":521},"password",[39,17330,562],{"class":517},[39,17332,3340],{"class":53},[39,17334,17335,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17351],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,17336,17337],{"class":45},"user_data ",[39,17339,50],{"class":49},[39,17341,8888],{"class":478},[39,17343,117],{"class":53},[39,17345,16992],{"class":120},[39,17347,124],{"class":53},[39,17349,17350],{"class":120},"fields",[39,17352,130],{"class":53},[39,17354,17355],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17356,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17358,17359,17361,17363,17366],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17360,137],{"class":136},[39,17362,124],{"class":53},[39,17364,17365],{"class":120},"user_data",[39,17367,130],{"class":53},[20,17369,353],{},[30,17371,17373],{"className":32,"code":17372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17374,17375],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17376,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17378,363],{"class":53},[39,17380,524],{"class":517},[39,17382,7701],{"class":521},[39,17384,524],{"class":517},[39,17386,1250],{"class":53},[39,17388,3560],{"class":3559},[39,17390,61],{"class":53},[39,17392,518],{"class":517},[39,17394,14968],{"class":521},[39,17396,524],{"class":517},[39,17398,1250],{"class":53},[39,17400,3560],{"class":3559},[39,17402,61],{"class":53},[39,17404,518],{"class":517},[39,17406,17328],{"class":521},[39,17408,524],{"class":517},[39,17410,1250],{"class":53},[39,17412,3560],{"class":3559},[39,17414,72],{"class":53},[20,17416,17417],{},"This is useful when:",[176,17419,17420,17423,17426],{},[179,17421,17422],{},"You want to create the keys first",[179,17424,17425],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[179,17427,17428],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17430,267],{},[30,17432,17434],{"className":32,"code":17433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17435,17436,17468,17486,17490,17513,17536,17540],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17437,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17439,17303],{"class":45},[39,17441,50],{"class":49},[39,17443,3327],{"class":53},[39,17445,562],{"class":517},[39,17447,7701],{"class":521},[39,17449,562],{"class":517},[39,17451,61],{"class":53},[39,17453,572],{"class":517},[39,17455,14968],{"class":521},[39,17457,562],{"class":517},[39,17459,61],{"class":53},[39,17461,572],{"class":517},[39,17463,17328],{"class":521},[39,17465,562],{"class":517},[39,17467,3340],{"class":53},[39,17469,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,17471,17337],{"class":45},[39,17473,50],{"class":49},[39,17475,8888],{"class":478},[39,17477,117],{"class":53},[39,17479,16992],{"class":120},[39,17481,124],{"class":53},[39,17483,17350],{"class":120},[39,17485,130],{"class":53},[39,17487,17488],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17489,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17491,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504,17506,17508,17511],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17493,17365],{"class":45},[39,17495,3609],{"class":53},[39,17497,562],{"class":517},[39,17499,7701],{"class":521},[39,17501,562],{"class":517},[39,17503,12982],{"class":53},[39,17505,12985],{"class":49},[39,17507,572],{"class":517},[39,17509,17510],{"class":521},"alice",[39,17512,3062],{"class":517},[39,17514,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17534],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,17516,17365],{"class":45},[39,17518,3609],{"class":53},[39,17520,562],{"class":517},[39,17522,14968],{"class":521},[39,17524,562],{"class":517},[39,17526,12982],{"class":53},[39,17528,12985],{"class":49},[39,17530,572],{"class":517},[39,17532,17533],{"class":521},"alice@example.com",[39,17535,3062],{"class":517},[39,17537,17538],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,17539,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17541,17542,17544,17546,17548],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,17543,137],{"class":136},[39,17545,124],{"class":53},[39,17547,17365],{"class":120},[39,17549,130],{"class":53},[20,17551,353],{},[30,17553,17555],{"className":32,"code":17554,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17556,17557],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17558,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17560,363],{"class":53},[39,17562,524],{"class":517},[39,17564,7701],{"class":521},[39,17566,524],{"class":517},[39,17568,1250],{"class":53},[39,17570,518],{"class":517},[39,17572,17510],{"class":521},[39,17574,524],{"class":517},[39,17576,61],{"class":53},[39,17578,518],{"class":517},[39,17580,14968],{"class":521},[39,17582,524],{"class":517},[39,17584,1250],{"class":53},[39,17586,518],{"class":517},[39,17588,17533],{"class":521},[39,17590,524],{"class":517},[39,17592,61],{"class":53},[39,17594,518],{"class":517},[39,17596,17328],{"class":521},[39,17598,524],{"class":517},[39,17600,1250],{"class":53},[39,17602,3560],{"class":3559},[39,17604,72],{"class":53},[20,17606,17607,17608,117],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[195,17609,17611],{"href":17610},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[160,17613,17615],{"id":17614},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17617,17618],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[176,17620,17621,17626,17631],{},[179,17622,17623,17625],{},[15,17624,3493],{}," (list)",[179,17627,17628,17630],{},[15,17629,3498],{}," (dictionary)",[179,17632,17633,17635],{},[15,17634,3503],{}," (set)",[20,17637,17638,17639,117],{},"All keys will point to the ",[382,17640,17641],{},"same object",[988,17643,17645],{"id":17644},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[30,17647,17649],{"className":32,"code":17648,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17650,17651,17683,17704,17708,17730,17734],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17652,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17654,16951],{"class":45},[39,17656,50],{"class":49},[39,17658,3327],{"class":53},[39,17660,562],{"class":517},[39,17662,195],{"class":521},[39,17664,562],{"class":517},[39,17666,61],{"class":53},[39,17668,572],{"class":517},[39,17670,127],{"class":521},[39,17672,562],{"class":517},[39,17674,61],{"class":53},[39,17676,572],{"class":517},[39,17678,9454],{"class":521},[39,17680,562],{"class":517},[39,17682,3340],{"class":53},[39,17684,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,17686,8883],{"class":45},[39,17688,50],{"class":49},[39,17690,8888],{"class":478},[39,17692,117],{"class":53},[39,17694,16992],{"class":120},[39,17696,124],{"class":53},[39,17698,16633],{"class":120},[39,17700,61],{"class":53},[39,17702,17703],{"class":53}," [])\n",[39,17705,17706],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17707,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17709,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17711,8922],{"class":45},[39,17713,3609],{"class":53},[39,17715,562],{"class":517},[39,17717,195],{"class":521},[39,17719,562],{"class":517},[39,17721,13259],{"class":53},[39,17723,13262],{"class":120},[39,17725,124],{"class":53},[39,17727,58],{"class":57},[39,17729,130],{"class":53},[39,17731,17732],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,17733,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17735,17736,17738,17740,17742],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,17737,137],{"class":136},[39,17739,124],{"class":53},[39,17741,8922],{"class":120},[39,17743,130],{"class":53},[20,17745,353],{},[30,17747,17749],{"className":32,"code":17748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17750,17751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17752,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17754,363],{"class":53},[39,17756,524],{"class":517},[39,17758,195],{"class":521},[39,17760,524],{"class":517},[39,17762,1250],{"class":53},[39,17764,3327],{"class":53},[39,17766,58],{"class":57},[39,17768,930],{"class":53},[39,17770,518],{"class":517},[39,17772,127],{"class":521},[39,17774,524],{"class":517},[39,17776,1250],{"class":53},[39,17778,3327],{"class":53},[39,17780,58],{"class":57},[39,17782,930],{"class":53},[39,17784,518],{"class":517},[39,17786,9454],{"class":521},[39,17788,524],{"class":517},[39,17790,1250],{"class":53},[39,17792,3327],{"class":53},[39,17794,58],{"class":57},[39,17796,13415],{"class":53},[20,17798,17799,17800,17803],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17801,17802],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[988,17805,17807],{"id":17806},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17809,17810,17813],{},[15,17811,17812],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17815,17816],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17818,17819],{},"So this:",[30,17821,17823],{"className":32,"code":17822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17824,17825],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17826,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17828,8922],{"class":45},[39,17830,3609],{"class":53},[39,17832,562],{"class":517},[39,17834,195],{"class":521},[39,17836,562],{"class":517},[39,17838,13259],{"class":53},[39,17840,13262],{"class":120},[39,17842,124],{"class":53},[39,17844,58],{"class":57},[39,17846,130],{"class":53},[20,17848,17849,17850,117],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17851,17802],{},[988,17853,17855],{"id":17854},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17857,17858],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[30,17860,17862],{"className":32,"code":17861,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17863,17864,17896,17923,17927,17949,17953],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17865,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17867,16951],{"class":45},[39,17869,50],{"class":49},[39,17871,3327],{"class":53},[39,17873,562],{"class":517},[39,17875,195],{"class":521},[39,17877,562],{"class":517},[39,17879,61],{"class":53},[39,17881,572],{"class":517},[39,17883,127],{"class":521},[39,17885,562],{"class":517},[39,17887,61],{"class":53},[39,17889,572],{"class":517},[39,17891,9454],{"class":521},[39,17893,562],{"class":517},[39,17895,3340],{"class":53},[39,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17911,17913,17916,17918,17921],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,17899,8883],{"class":45},[39,17901,50],{"class":49},[39,17903,54],{"class":53},[39,17905,14550],{"class":45},[39,17907,1250],{"class":53},[39,17909,17910],{"class":53}," []",[39,17912,3585],{"class":3584},[39,17914,17915],{"class":45}," key ",[39,17917,3591],{"class":3584},[39,17919,17920],{"class":45}," keys",[39,17922,72],{"class":53},[39,17924,17925],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,17926,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17928,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,17930,8922],{"class":45},[39,17932,3609],{"class":53},[39,17934,562],{"class":517},[39,17936,195],{"class":521},[39,17938,562],{"class":517},[39,17940,13259],{"class":53},[39,17942,13262],{"class":120},[39,17944,124],{"class":53},[39,17946,58],{"class":57},[39,17948,130],{"class":53},[39,17950,17951],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,17952,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,17954,17955,17957,17959,17961],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,17956,137],{"class":136},[39,17958,124],{"class":53},[39,17960,8922],{"class":120},[39,17962,130],{"class":53},[20,17964,353],{},[30,17966,17968],{"className":32,"code":17967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17969,17970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17973,363],{"class":53},[39,17975,524],{"class":517},[39,17977,195],{"class":521},[39,17979,524],{"class":517},[39,17981,1250],{"class":53},[39,17983,3327],{"class":53},[39,17985,58],{"class":57},[39,17987,930],{"class":53},[39,17989,518],{"class":517},[39,17991,127],{"class":521},[39,17993,524],{"class":517},[39,17995,1250],{"class":53},[39,17997,17998],{"class":53}," [],",[39,18000,518],{"class":517},[39,18002,9454],{"class":521},[39,18004,524],{"class":517},[39,18006,1250],{"class":53},[39,18008,18009],{"class":53}," []}\n",[20,18011,18012],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18014,18015],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[160,18017,4671,18019],{"id":18018},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18020,16927],{},[20,18022,18023,18025],{},[15,18024,16932],{}," is a good choice when:",[176,18027,18028,18031,18034],{},[179,18029,18030],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[179,18032,18033],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[179,18035,18036],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18038,1832],{},[30,18040,18042],{"className":32,"code":18041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18043,18044,18089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18045,18046,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18081,18083,18085,18087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18047,18048],{"class":45},"flags ",[39,18050,50],{"class":49},[39,18052,8888],{"class":478},[39,18054,117],{"class":53},[39,18056,16992],{"class":120},[39,18058,917],{"class":53},[39,18060,562],{"class":517},[39,18062,18063],{"class":521},"is_admin",[39,18065,562],{"class":517},[39,18067,61],{"class":53},[39,18069,572],{"class":517},[39,18071,14788],{"class":521},[39,18073,562],{"class":517},[39,18075,61],{"class":53},[39,18077,572],{"class":517},[39,18079,18080],{"class":521},"is_verified",[39,18082,562],{"class":517},[39,18084,930],{"class":53},[39,18086,3616],{"class":3559},[39,18088,130],{"class":53},[39,18090,18091,18093,18095,18098],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18092,137],{"class":136},[39,18094,124],{"class":53},[39,18096,18097],{"class":120},"flags",[39,18099,130],{"class":53},[30,18101,18103],{"className":32,"code":18102,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18104,18105,18150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18106,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18124,18126,18128,18130,18133,18135,18137,18139,18142,18144,18146,18148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18108,4774],{"class":45},[39,18110,50],{"class":49},[39,18112,8888],{"class":478},[39,18114,117],{"class":53},[39,18116,16992],{"class":120},[39,18118,917],{"class":53},[39,18120,562],{"class":517},[39,18122,18123],{"class":521},"math",[39,18125,562],{"class":517},[39,18127,61],{"class":53},[39,18129,572],{"class":517},[39,18131,18132],{"class":521},"science",[39,18134,562],{"class":517},[39,18136,61],{"class":53},[39,18138,572],{"class":517},[39,18140,18141],{"class":521},"history",[39,18143,562],{"class":517},[39,18145,930],{"class":53},[39,18147,3540],{"class":57},[39,18149,130],{"class":53},[39,18151,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18153,137],{"class":136},[39,18155,124],{"class":53},[39,18157,16098],{"class":120},[39,18159,130],{"class":53},[20,18161,18162,18163,18165],{},"It is ",[382,18164,4340],{}," the best choice when:",[176,18167,18168,18171],{},[179,18169,18170],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[179,18172,18173],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[160,18175,18177,18179],{"id":18176},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18178,16927],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18181,18182,18184],{},[15,18183,16927],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[988,18186,718,18188],{"id":18187},"using-fromkeys",[15,18189,16927],{},[30,18191,18193],{"className":32,"code":18192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18194,18195,18240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18196,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18214,18216,18218,18220,18223,18225,18227,18229,18232,18234,18236,18238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18198,13535],{"class":45},[39,18200,50],{"class":49},[39,18202,8888],{"class":478},[39,18204,117],{"class":53},[39,18206,16992],{"class":120},[39,18208,917],{"class":53},[39,18210,562],{"class":517},[39,18212,18213],{"class":521},"sound",[39,18215,562],{"class":517},[39,18217,61],{"class":53},[39,18219,572],{"class":517},[39,18221,18222],{"class":521},"music",[39,18224,562],{"class":517},[39,18226,61],{"class":53},[39,18228,572],{"class":517},[39,18230,18231],{"class":521},"notifications",[39,18233,562],{"class":517},[39,18235,930],{"class":53},[39,18237,3625],{"class":3559},[39,18239,130],{"class":53},[39,18241,18242,18244,18246,18248],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18243,137],{"class":136},[39,18245,124],{"class":53},[39,18247,13594],{"class":120},[39,18249,130],{"class":53},[988,18251,18253],{"id":18252},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[30,18255,18257],{"className":32,"code":18256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18258,18259,18267,18281,18295,18307,18311],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18260,18261,18263,18265],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18262,13535],{"class":45},[39,18264,50],{"class":49},[39,18266,11205],{"class":53},[39,18268,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18270,11210],{"class":517},[39,18272,18213],{"class":521},[39,18274,562],{"class":517},[39,18276,1250],{"class":53},[39,18278,3625],{"class":3559},[39,18280,11226],{"class":53},[39,18282,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18284,11210],{"class":517},[39,18286,18222],{"class":521},[39,18288,562],{"class":517},[39,18290,1250],{"class":53},[39,18292,3616],{"class":3559},[39,18294,11226],{"class":53},[39,18296,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,18298,11210],{"class":517},[39,18300,18231],{"class":521},[39,18302,562],{"class":517},[39,18304,1250],{"class":53},[39,18306,6136],{"class":3559},[39,18308,18309],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,18310,72],{"class":53},[39,18312,18313,18315,18317,18319],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,18314,137],{"class":136},[39,18316,124],{"class":53},[39,18318,13594],{"class":120},[39,18320,130],{"class":53},[20,18322,18323],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[988,18325,18327],{"id":18326},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[30,18329,18331],{"className":32,"code":18330,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18332,18333,18365,18389],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18334,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18336,16951],{"class":45},[39,18338,50],{"class":49},[39,18340,3327],{"class":53},[39,18342,562],{"class":517},[39,18344,195],{"class":521},[39,18346,562],{"class":517},[39,18348,61],{"class":53},[39,18350,572],{"class":517},[39,18352,127],{"class":521},[39,18354,562],{"class":517},[39,18356,61],{"class":53},[39,18358,572],{"class":517},[39,18360,9454],{"class":521},[39,18362,562],{"class":517},[39,18364,3340],{"class":53},[39,18366,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18368,8883],{"class":45},[39,18370,50],{"class":49},[39,18372,54],{"class":53},[39,18374,14550],{"class":45},[39,18376,1250],{"class":53},[39,18378,17910],{"class":53},[39,18380,3585],{"class":3584},[39,18382,17915],{"class":45},[39,18384,3591],{"class":3584},[39,18386,17920],{"class":45},[39,18388,72],{"class":53},[39,18390,18391,18393,18395,18397],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18392,137],{"class":136},[39,18394,124],{"class":53},[39,18396,8922],{"class":120},[39,18398,130],{"class":53},[20,18400,18401],{},"Use:",[176,18403,18404,18409,18412],{},[179,18405,18406,18408],{},[15,18407,16927],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[179,18410,18411],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[179,18413,18414],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18416,18417,18418,117],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[195,18419,10451,18420,1627],{"href":13742},[15,18421,14663],{},[160,18423,2537],{"id":2536},[20,18425,1247,18426,117],{},[15,18427,16932],{},[988,18429,18431],{"id":18430},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[30,18433,18435],{"className":32,"code":18434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18436,18437,18470,18493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18438,18439,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18440,18441],{"class":45},"d ",[39,18443,50],{"class":49},[39,18445,8888],{"class":478},[39,18447,117],{"class":53},[39,18449,16992],{"class":120},[39,18451,917],{"class":53},[39,18453,562],{"class":517},[39,18455,195],{"class":521},[39,18457,562],{"class":517},[39,18459,61],{"class":53},[39,18461,572],{"class":517},[39,18463,127],{"class":521},[39,18465,562],{"class":517},[39,18467,930],{"class":53},[39,18469,17703],{"class":53},[39,18471,18472,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18473,18474],{"class":45},"d",[39,18476,3609],{"class":53},[39,18478,562],{"class":517},[39,18480,195],{"class":521},[39,18482,562],{"class":517},[39,18484,13259],{"class":53},[39,18486,13262],{"class":120},[39,18488,124],{"class":53},[39,18490,58],{"class":57},[39,18492,130],{"class":53},[39,18494,18495,18497,18499,18501],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18496,137],{"class":136},[39,18498,124],{"class":53},[39,18500,18474],{"class":120},[39,18502,130],{"class":53},[20,18504,353],{},[30,18506,18508],{"className":32,"code":18507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18509,18510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18511,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18513,363],{"class":53},[39,18515,524],{"class":517},[39,18517,195],{"class":521},[39,18519,524],{"class":517},[39,18521,1250],{"class":53},[39,18523,3327],{"class":53},[39,18525,58],{"class":57},[39,18527,930],{"class":53},[39,18529,518],{"class":517},[39,18531,127],{"class":521},[39,18533,524],{"class":517},[39,18535,1250],{"class":53},[39,18537,3327],{"class":53},[39,18539,58],{"class":57},[39,18541,13415],{"class":53},[20,18543,18544],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18546,18547],{},"Use this instead:",[30,18549,18551],{"className":32,"code":18550,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18552,18553,18577,18601],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18554,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18556,16951],{"class":45},[39,18558,50],{"class":49},[39,18560,3327],{"class":53},[39,18562,562],{"class":517},[39,18564,195],{"class":521},[39,18566,562],{"class":517},[39,18568,61],{"class":53},[39,18570,572],{"class":517},[39,18572,127],{"class":521},[39,18574,562],{"class":517},[39,18576,3340],{"class":53},[39,18578,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18580,18441],{"class":45},[39,18582,50],{"class":49},[39,18584,54],{"class":53},[39,18586,14550],{"class":45},[39,18588,1250],{"class":53},[39,18590,17910],{"class":53},[39,18592,3585],{"class":3584},[39,18594,17915],{"class":45},[39,18596,3591],{"class":3584},[39,18598,17920],{"class":45},[39,18600,72],{"class":53},[39,18602,18603,18605,18607,18609],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18604,137],{"class":136},[39,18606,124],{"class":53},[39,18608,18474],{"class":120},[39,18610,130],{"class":53},[988,18612,18614,18615,18617],{"id":18613},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18616,16927],{}," on a list",[20,18619,18620],{},"Wrong idea:",[30,18622,18624],{"className":32,"code":18623,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18625,18626,18658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18629,16951],{"class":45},[39,18631,50],{"class":49},[39,18633,3327],{"class":53},[39,18635,562],{"class":517},[39,18637,195],{"class":521},[39,18639,562],{"class":517},[39,18641,61],{"class":53},[39,18643,572],{"class":517},[39,18645,127],{"class":521},[39,18647,562],{"class":517},[39,18649,61],{"class":53},[39,18651,572],{"class":517},[39,18653,9454],{"class":521},[39,18655,562],{"class":517},[39,18657,3340],{"class":53},[39,18659,18660],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18661,18662],{"class":150},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18664,18665,18667,18668,18670,18671,117],{},[15,18666,16927],{}," belongs to ",[15,18669,8538],{},", not ",[15,18672,7810],{},[20,18674,18675],{},"Correct usage:",[30,18677,18679],{"className":32,"code":18678,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18680,18681,18713,18735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18682,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18684,16951],{"class":45},[39,18686,50],{"class":49},[39,18688,3327],{"class":53},[39,18690,562],{"class":517},[39,18692,195],{"class":521},[39,18694,562],{"class":517},[39,18696,61],{"class":53},[39,18698,572],{"class":517},[39,18700,127],{"class":521},[39,18702,562],{"class":517},[39,18704,61],{"class":53},[39,18706,572],{"class":517},[39,18708,9454],{"class":521},[39,18710,562],{"class":517},[39,18712,3340],{"class":53},[39,18714,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18716,18441],{"class":45},[39,18718,50],{"class":49},[39,18720,8888],{"class":478},[39,18722,117],{"class":53},[39,18724,16992],{"class":120},[39,18726,124],{"class":53},[39,18728,16633],{"class":120},[39,18730,61],{"class":53},[39,18732,3540],{"class":57},[39,18734,130],{"class":53},[39,18736,18737,18739,18741,18743],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18738,137],{"class":136},[39,18740,124],{"class":53},[39,18742,18474],{"class":120},[39,18744,130],{"class":53},[988,18746,8170,18748,18750],{"id":18747},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18749,16927],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18752,18753,18755],{},[15,18754,16932],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[30,18757,18759],{"className":32,"code":18758,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18760,18761,18781,18815,18819,18829],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18762,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18764,11798],{"class":45},[39,18766,50],{"class":49},[39,18768,54],{"class":53},[39,18770,562],{"class":517},[39,18772,1880],{"class":521},[39,18774,562],{"class":517},[39,18776,1250],{"class":53},[39,18778,5210],{"class":57},[39,18780,72],{"class":53},[39,18782,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18784,12749],{"class":45},[39,18786,50],{"class":49},[39,18788,8888],{"class":478},[39,18790,117],{"class":53},[39,18792,16992],{"class":120},[39,18794,917],{"class":53},[39,18796,562],{"class":517},[39,18798,195],{"class":521},[39,18800,562],{"class":517},[39,18802,61],{"class":53},[39,18804,572],{"class":517},[39,18806,127],{"class":521},[39,18808,562],{"class":517},[39,18810,930],{"class":53},[39,18812,3540],{"class":57},[39,18814,130],{"class":53},[39,18816,18817],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,18818,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,18820,18821,18823,18825,18827],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,18822,137],{"class":136},[39,18824,124],{"class":53},[39,18826,11845],{"class":120},[39,18828,130],{"class":53},[39,18830,18831,18833,18835,18838],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,18832,137],{"class":136},[39,18834,124],{"class":53},[39,18836,18837],{"class":120},"new_dict",[39,18839,130],{"class":53},[20,18841,353],{},[30,18843,18845],{"className":32,"code":18844,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18846,18847,18863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18848,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18850,363],{"class":53},[39,18852,524],{"class":517},[39,18854,1880],{"class":521},[39,18856,524],{"class":517},[39,18858,1250],{"class":53},[39,18860,5210],{"class":57},[39,18862,72],{"class":53},[39,18864,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18866,363],{"class":53},[39,18868,524],{"class":517},[39,18870,195],{"class":521},[39,18872,524],{"class":517},[39,18874,1250],{"class":53},[39,18876,3540],{"class":57},[39,18878,61],{"class":53},[39,18880,518],{"class":517},[39,18882,127],{"class":521},[39,18884,524],{"class":517},[39,18886,1250],{"class":53},[39,18888,3540],{"class":57},[39,18890,72],{"class":53},[20,18892,18893,18894,117],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[195,18895,10451,18896,1627],{"href":13742},[15,18897,14663],{},[988,18899,18901,18902],{"id":18900},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18903,3484],{},[30,18905,18907],{"className":32,"code":18906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18908,18909,18939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18910,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18912,18441],{"class":45},[39,18914,50],{"class":49},[39,18916,8888],{"class":478},[39,18918,117],{"class":53},[39,18920,16992],{"class":120},[39,18922,917],{"class":53},[39,18924,562],{"class":517},[39,18926,1880],{"class":521},[39,18928,562],{"class":517},[39,18930,61],{"class":53},[39,18932,572],{"class":517},[39,18934,11457],{"class":521},[39,18936,562],{"class":517},[39,18938,3597],{"class":53},[39,18940,18941,18943,18945,18947],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,18942,137],{"class":136},[39,18944,124],{"class":53},[39,18946,18474],{"class":120},[39,18948,130],{"class":53},[20,18950,353],{},[30,18952,18954],{"className":32,"code":18953,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18955,18956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18957,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18959,363],{"class":53},[39,18961,524],{"class":517},[39,18963,1880],{"class":521},[39,18965,524],{"class":517},[39,18967,1250],{"class":53},[39,18969,3560],{"class":3559},[39,18971,61],{"class":53},[39,18973,518],{"class":517},[39,18975,11457],{"class":521},[39,18977,524],{"class":517},[39,18979,1250],{"class":53},[39,18981,3560],{"class":3559},[39,18983,72],{"class":53},[20,18985,18986,18987,117],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18988,3484],{},[160,18990,18992],{"id":18991},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18994,18995,18996,18998],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18997,16927],{}," works.",[30,19000,19002],{"className":32,"code":19001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19003,19004],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19005,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19007,137],{"class":136},[39,19009,124],{"class":53},[39,19011,8538],{"class":478},[39,19013,117],{"class":53},[39,19015,16992],{"class":120},[39,19017,917],{"class":53},[39,19019,562],{"class":517},[39,19021,195],{"class":521},[39,19023,562],{"class":517},[39,19025,61],{"class":53},[39,19027,572],{"class":517},[39,19029,127],{"class":521},[39,19031,562],{"class":517},[39,19033,930],{"class":53},[39,19035,3540],{"class":57},[39,19037,486],{"class":53},[30,19039,19040],{"className":32,"code":18906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,19041,19042,19072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19043,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19045,18441],{"class":45},[39,19047,50],{"class":49},[39,19049,8888],{"class":478},[39,19051,117],{"class":53},[39,19053,16992],{"class":120},[39,19055,917],{"class":53},[39,19057,562],{"class":517},[39,19059,1880],{"class":521},[39,19061,562],{"class":517},[39,19063,61],{"class":53},[39,19065,572],{"class":517},[39,19067,11457],{"class":521},[39,19069,562],{"class":517},[39,19071,3597],{"class":53},[39,19073,19074,19076,19078,19080],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19075,137],{"class":136},[39,19077,124],{"class":53},[39,19079,18474],{"class":120},[39,19081,130],{"class":53},[30,19083,19084],{"className":32,"code":18434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,19085,19086,19118,19140],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19087,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19089,18441],{"class":45},[39,19091,50],{"class":49},[39,19093,8888],{"class":478},[39,19095,117],{"class":53},[39,19097,16992],{"class":120},[39,19099,917],{"class":53},[39,19101,562],{"class":517},[39,19103,195],{"class":521},[39,19105,562],{"class":517},[39,19107,61],{"class":53},[39,19109,572],{"class":517},[39,19111,127],{"class":521},[39,19113,562],{"class":517},[39,19115,930],{"class":53},[39,19117,17703],{"class":53},[39,19119,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19121,18474],{"class":45},[39,19123,3609],{"class":53},[39,19125,562],{"class":517},[39,19127,195],{"class":521},[39,19129,562],{"class":517},[39,19131,13259],{"class":53},[39,19133,13262],{"class":120},[39,19135,124],{"class":53},[39,19137,58],{"class":57},[39,19139,130],{"class":53},[39,19141,19142,19144,19146,19148],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,19143,137],{"class":136},[39,19145,124],{"class":53},[39,19147,18474],{"class":120},[39,19149,130],{"class":53},[30,19151,19153],{"className":32,"code":19152,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19154,19155],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19156,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19158,137],{"class":136},[39,19160,124],{"class":53},[39,19162,479],{"class":478},[39,19164,124],{"class":53},[39,19166,8538],{"class":478},[39,19168,117],{"class":53},[39,19170,16992],{"class":120},[39,19172,917],{"class":53},[39,19174,58],{"class":57},[39,19176,61],{"class":53},[39,19178,64],{"class":57},[39,19180,61],{"class":53},[39,19182,69],{"class":57},[39,19184,930],{"class":53},[39,19186,572],{"class":517},[39,19188,2179],{"class":521},[39,19190,562],{"class":517},[39,19192,2619],{"class":53},[160,19194,1563],{"id":1562},[988,19196,1567,19198,19200],{"id":19197},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19199,16927],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19202,19203],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[988,19205,19207],{"id":19206},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19209,19210,19211,117],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19212,3484],{},[988,19214,19216],{"id":19215},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19218,19219],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[988,19221,19223],{"id":19222},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19225,17858],{},[30,19227,19229],{"className":32,"code":19228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19230,19231,19263],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19232,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19234,16951],{"class":45},[39,19236,50],{"class":49},[39,19238,3327],{"class":53},[39,19240,562],{"class":517},[39,19242,195],{"class":521},[39,19244,562],{"class":517},[39,19246,61],{"class":53},[39,19248,572],{"class":517},[39,19250,127],{"class":521},[39,19252,562],{"class":517},[39,19254,61],{"class":53},[39,19256,572],{"class":517},[39,19258,9454],{"class":521},[39,19260,562],{"class":517},[39,19262,3340],{"class":53},[39,19264,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19266,8883],{"class":45},[39,19268,50],{"class":49},[39,19270,54],{"class":53},[39,19272,14550],{"class":45},[39,19274,1250],{"class":53},[39,19276,17910],{"class":53},[39,19278,3585],{"class":3584},[39,19280,17915],{"class":45},[39,19282,3591],{"class":3584},[39,19284,17920],{"class":45},[39,19286,72],{"class":53},[160,19288,1613],{"id":1612},[176,19290,19291,19295,19299,19303,19309],{},[179,19292,19293],{},[195,19294,10956],{"href":12737},[179,19296,19297],{},[195,19298,8873],{"href":12734},[179,19300,19301],{},[195,19302,10965],{"href":17610},[179,19304,19305],{},[195,19306,10451,19307,1627],{"href":13742},[15,19308,14663],{},[179,19310,19311],{},[195,19312,10451,19313,1627],{"href":14708},[15,19314,12489],{},[20,19316,154,19317,19319],{},[15,19318,16932],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1642,19321,19322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":19324},[19325,19326,19328,19332,19333,19335,19340,19342,19349,19358,19359,19366],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":17032,"depth":75,"text":19327},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17076,"depth":75,"text":17077,"children":19329},[19330,19331],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":374,"depth":99,"text":375},{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":17285,"depth":75,"text":19334},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17614,"depth":75,"text":17615,"children":19336},[19337,19338,19339],{"id":17644,"depth":99,"text":17645},{"id":17806,"depth":99,"text":17807},{"id":17854,"depth":99,"text":17855},{"id":18018,"depth":75,"text":19341},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18176,"depth":75,"text":19343,"children":19344},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19345,19347,19348],{"id":18187,"depth":99,"text":19346},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18252,"depth":99,"text":18253},{"id":18326,"depth":99,"text":18327},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":19350},[19351,19352,19354,19356],{"id":18430,"depth":99,"text":18431},{"id":18613,"depth":99,"text":19353},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18747,"depth":99,"text":19355},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18900,"depth":99,"text":19357},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18991,"depth":75,"text":18992},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":19360},[19361,19363,19364,19365],{"id":19197,"depth":99,"text":19362},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19206,"depth":99,"text":19207},{"id":19215,"depth":99,"text":19216},{"id":19222,"depth":99,"text":19223},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16919,"description":19367},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19374,"title":19375,"body":19376,"description":21206,"extension":1670,"meta":21207,"navigation":102,"path":21208,"seo":21209,"stem":21210,"__hash__":21211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19377,"toc":21173},[19378,19383,19389,19400,19530,19537,19542,19546,19562,19564,19662,19665,19682,19686,19688,19693,19731,19734,19752,19754,19872,19877,19881,19897,19900,20036,20039,20044,20050,20053,20090,20093,20097,20102,20178,20182,20187,20269,20271,20287,20292,20296,20302,20371,20374,20391,20394,20476,20482,20485,20505,20509,20514,20520,20526,20597,20600,20606,20609,20683,20690,20696,20704,20714,20716,20811,20817,20822,20909,20915,20917,20922,20944,20947,21042,21045,21076,21089,21091,21099,21105,21111,21114,21120,21125,21132,21137,21139,21170],[10,19379,11032,19381,18],{"id":19380},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19382,10454],{},[20,19384,19385,19386,19388],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19387,10454],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19390,19391,19392,1896,19395,2104,19397,19399],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19393,19394],{},"KeyError",[15,19396,10454],{},[15,19398,3484],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[30,19401,19403],{"className":32,"code":19402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19404,19405,19441,19445,19471,19496],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19408,12913],{"class":45},[39,19410,50],{"class":49},[39,19412,54],{"class":53},[39,19414,562],{"class":517},[39,19416,7382],{"class":521},[39,19418,562],{"class":517},[39,19420,1250],{"class":53},[39,19422,572],{"class":517},[39,19424,12593],{"class":521},[39,19426,562],{"class":517},[39,19428,61],{"class":53},[39,19430,572],{"class":517},[39,19432,9015],{"class":521},[39,19434,562],{"class":517},[39,19436,1250],{"class":53},[39,19438,9022],{"class":57},[39,19440,72],{"class":53},[39,19442,19443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19444,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,19446,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,19448,137],{"class":136},[39,19450,124],{"class":53},[39,19452,17016],{"class":120},[39,19454,117],{"class":53},[39,19456,19457],{"class":120},"get",[39,19459,124],{"class":53},[39,19461,562],{"class":517},[39,19463,7382],{"class":521},[39,19465,562],{"class":517},[39,19467,5073],{"class":53},[39,19469,19470],{"class":150},"           # Ana\n",[39,19472,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,19474,137],{"class":136},[39,19476,124],{"class":53},[39,19478,17016],{"class":120},[39,19480,117],{"class":53},[39,19482,19457],{"class":120},[39,19484,124],{"class":53},[39,19486,562],{"class":517},[39,19488,10124],{"class":521},[39,19490,562],{"class":517},[39,19492,5073],{"class":53},[39,19494,19495],{"class":150},"           # None\n",[39,19497,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19523,19525,19527],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,19499,137],{"class":136},[39,19501,124],{"class":53},[39,19503,17016],{"class":120},[39,19505,117],{"class":53},[39,19507,19457],{"class":120},[39,19509,124],{"class":53},[39,19511,562],{"class":517},[39,19513,10124],{"class":521},[39,19515,562],{"class":517},[39,19517,61],{"class":53},[39,19519,572],{"class":517},[39,19521,19522],{"class":521},"N\u002FA",[39,19524,562],{"class":517},[39,19526,5073],{"class":53},[39,19528,19529],{"class":150},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19531,154,19532,19534,19535,117],{},[15,19533,10454],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19536,19394],{},[160,19538,3383,19540,3386],{"id":19539},"what-get-does",[15,19541,10454],{},[20,19543,22,19544,11126],{},[15,19545,10454],{},[176,19547,19548,19551,19556,19559],{},[179,19549,19550],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[179,19552,11137,19553,19555],{},[15,19554,3484],{}," if the key does not exist",[179,19557,19558],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[179,19560,19561],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19563,267],{},[30,19565,19567],{"className":32,"code":19566,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19568,19569,19608,19612,19637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19570,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19590,19592,19594,19596,19599,19601,19603,19606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19572,12576],{"class":45},[39,19574,50],{"class":49},[39,19576,54],{"class":53},[39,19578,562],{"class":517},[39,19580,7382],{"class":521},[39,19582,562],{"class":517},[39,19584,1250],{"class":53},[39,19586,572],{"class":517},[39,19588,19589],{"class":521},"Lina",[39,19591,562],{"class":517},[39,19593,61],{"class":53},[39,19595,572],{"class":517},[39,19597,19598],{"class":521},"grade",[39,19600,562],{"class":517},[39,19602,1250],{"class":53},[39,19604,19605],{"class":57}," 90",[39,19607,72],{"class":53},[39,19609,19610],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19611,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,19613,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,19615,137],{"class":136},[39,19617,124],{"class":53},[39,19619,13335],{"class":120},[39,19621,117],{"class":53},[39,19623,19457],{"class":120},[39,19625,124],{"class":53},[39,19627,562],{"class":517},[39,19629,7382],{"class":521},[39,19631,562],{"class":517},[39,19633,5073],{"class":53},[39,19635,19636],{"class":150},"     # Lina\n",[39,19638,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,19640,137],{"class":136},[39,19642,124],{"class":53},[39,19644,13335],{"class":120},[39,19646,117],{"class":53},[39,19648,19457],{"class":120},[39,19650,124],{"class":53},[39,19652,562],{"class":517},[39,19654,14968],{"class":521},[39,19656,562],{"class":517},[39,19658,5073],{"class":53},[39,19660,19661],{"class":150},"    # None\n",[20,19663,19664],{},"In this example:",[176,19666,19667,19672],{},[179,19668,19669,19671],{},[15,19670,14949],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[179,19673,19674,19677,19678,2104,19680],{},[15,19675,19676],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19679,10454],{},[15,19681,3484],{},[20,19683,12731,19684,117],{},[195,19685,8873],{"href":8872},[160,19687,202],{"id":201},[20,19689,19690,19691,1250],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19692,10454],{},[30,19694,19696],{"className":32,"code":19695,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19697,19698,19712],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19699,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19701,15314],{"class":45},[39,19703,117],{"class":53},[39,19705,19457],{"class":120},[39,19707,124],{"class":53},[39,19709,14550],{"class":120},[39,19711,130],{"class":53},[39,19713,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19729],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19715,15314],{"class":45},[39,19717,117],{"class":53},[39,19719,19457],{"class":120},[39,19721,124],{"class":53},[39,19723,14550],{"class":120},[39,19725,61],{"class":53},[39,19727,19728],{"class":120}," default_value",[39,19730,130],{"class":53},[20,19732,19733],{},"What each part means:",[176,19735,19736,19741,19747],{},[179,19737,19738,19740],{},[15,19739,14550],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[179,19742,19743,19746],{},[15,19744,19745],{},"default_value"," is optional",[179,19748,19749,19750],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19751,3484],{},[20,19753,267],{},[30,19755,19757],{"className":32,"code":19756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19758,19759,19783,19787,19812,19838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19760,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19762,13535],{"class":45},[39,19764,50],{"class":49},[39,19766,54],{"class":53},[39,19768,562],{"class":517},[39,19770,12207],{"class":521},[39,19772,562],{"class":517},[39,19774,1250],{"class":53},[39,19776,572],{"class":517},[39,19778,12216],{"class":521},[39,19780,562],{"class":517},[39,19782,72],{"class":53},[39,19784,19785],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19786,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,19788,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,19790,137],{"class":136},[39,19792,124],{"class":53},[39,19794,13594],{"class":120},[39,19796,117],{"class":53},[39,19798,19457],{"class":120},[39,19800,124],{"class":53},[39,19802,562],{"class":517},[39,19804,12207],{"class":521},[39,19806,562],{"class":517},[39,19808,5073],{"class":53},[39,19810,19811],{"class":150},"            # dark\n",[39,19813,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19831,19833,19835],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,19815,137],{"class":136},[39,19817,124],{"class":53},[39,19819,13594],{"class":120},[39,19821,117],{"class":53},[39,19823,19457],{"class":120},[39,19825,124],{"class":53},[39,19827,562],{"class":517},[39,19829,19830],{"class":521},"language",[39,19832,562],{"class":517},[39,19834,5073],{"class":53},[39,19836,19837],{"class":150},"         # None\n",[39,19839,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19865,19867,19869],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,19841,137],{"class":136},[39,19843,124],{"class":53},[39,19845,13594],{"class":120},[39,19847,117],{"class":53},[39,19849,19457],{"class":120},[39,19851,124],{"class":53},[39,19853,562],{"class":517},[39,19855,19830],{"class":521},[39,19857,562],{"class":517},[39,19859,61],{"class":53},[39,19861,572],{"class":517},[39,19863,19864],{"class":521},"en",[39,19866,562],{"class":517},[39,19868,5073],{"class":53},[39,19870,19871],{"class":150},"   # en\n",[160,19873,4671,19875],{"id":19874},"when-to-use-get",[15,19876,10454],{},[20,19878,154,19879,10315],{},[15,19880,10454],{},[176,19882,19883,19886,19891,19894],{},[179,19884,19885],{},"A key might not exist",[179,19887,19888,19889],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19890,19394],{},[179,19892,19893],{},"You are reading optional data",[179,19895,19896],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19898,19899],{},"Example with optional user data:",[30,19901,19903],{"className":32,"code":19902,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19904,19905,19947,19951,19976,20002],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19906,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19943,19945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19908,11200],{"class":45},[39,19910,50],{"class":49},[39,19912,54],{"class":53},[39,19914,562],{"class":517},[39,19916,7701],{"class":521},[39,19918,562],{"class":517},[39,19920,1250],{"class":53},[39,19922,572],{"class":517},[39,19924,19925],{"class":521},"sam",[39,19927,562],{"class":517},[39,19929,61],{"class":53},[39,19931,572],{"class":517},[39,19933,14968],{"class":521},[39,19935,562],{"class":517},[39,19937,1250],{"class":53},[39,19939,572],{"class":517},[39,19941,19942],{"class":521},"sam@example.com",[39,19944,562],{"class":517},[39,19946,72],{"class":53},[39,19948,19949],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,19950,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,19952,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,19954,137],{"class":136},[39,19956,124],{"class":53},[39,19958,11294],{"class":120},[39,19960,117],{"class":53},[39,19962,19457],{"class":120},[39,19964,124],{"class":53},[39,19966,562],{"class":517},[39,19968,7701],{"class":521},[39,19970,562],{"class":517},[39,19972,5073],{"class":53},[39,19974,19975],{"class":150},"              # sam\n",[39,19977,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19995,19997,19999],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,19979,137],{"class":136},[39,19981,124],{"class":53},[39,19983,11294],{"class":120},[39,19985,117],{"class":53},[39,19987,19457],{"class":120},[39,19989,124],{"class":53},[39,19991,562],{"class":517},[39,19993,19994],{"class":521},"phone",[39,19996,562],{"class":517},[39,19998,5073],{"class":53},[39,20000,20001],{"class":150},"                 # None\n",[39,20003,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20029,20031,20033],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,20005,137],{"class":136},[39,20007,124],{"class":53},[39,20009,11294],{"class":120},[39,20011,117],{"class":53},[39,20013,19457],{"class":120},[39,20015,124],{"class":53},[39,20017,562],{"class":517},[39,20019,19994],{"class":521},[39,20021,562],{"class":517},[39,20023,61],{"class":53},[39,20025,572],{"class":517},[39,20027,20028],{"class":521},"Not provided",[39,20030,562],{"class":517},[39,20032,5073],{"class":53},[39,20034,20035],{"class":150}," # Not provided\n",[20,20037,20038],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20040,20041,20042,117],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[195,20043,16307],{"href":16306},[160,20045,20047,20049],{"id":20046},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20048,10454],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20051,20052],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[30,20054,20056],{"className":32,"code":20055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20057,20058,20072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20059,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20061,8922],{"class":45},[39,20063,3609],{"class":53},[39,20065,562],{"class":517},[39,20067,14550],{"class":521},[39,20069,562],{"class":517},[39,20071,3340],{"class":53},[39,20073,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20075,8922],{"class":45},[39,20077,117],{"class":53},[39,20079,19457],{"class":120},[39,20081,124],{"class":53},[39,20083,562],{"class":517},[39,20085,14550],{"class":521},[39,20087,562],{"class":517},[39,20089,130],{"class":53},[20,20091,20092],{},"The difference is important.",[988,20094,20096],{"id":20095},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20098,20099,20100,117],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20101,19394],{},[30,20103,20105],{"className":32,"code":20104,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20106,20107,20131,20135,20157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20108,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20110,8883],{"class":45},[39,20112,50],{"class":49},[39,20114,54],{"class":53},[39,20116,562],{"class":517},[39,20118,7382],{"class":521},[39,20120,562],{"class":517},[39,20122,1250],{"class":53},[39,20124,572],{"class":517},[39,20126,12593],{"class":521},[39,20128,562],{"class":517},[39,20130,72],{"class":53},[39,20132,20133],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20134,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20136,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20154],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20138,137],{"class":136},[39,20140,124],{"class":53},[39,20142,8922],{"class":120},[39,20144,3609],{"class":53},[39,20146,562],{"class":517},[39,20148,7382],{"class":521},[39,20150,562],{"class":517},[39,20152,20153],{"class":53},"])",[39,20155,20156],{"class":150},"   # Ana\n",[39,20158,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20160,137],{"class":136},[39,20162,124],{"class":53},[39,20164,8922],{"class":120},[39,20166,3609],{"class":53},[39,20168,562],{"class":517},[39,20170,10124],{"class":521},[39,20172,562],{"class":517},[39,20174,20153],{"class":53},[39,20176,20177],{"class":150},"   # KeyError\n",[988,20179,20180],{"id":19457},[15,20181,10454],{},[20,20183,20184,20186],{},[15,20185,10454],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[30,20188,20190],{"className":32,"code":20189,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20191,20192,20216,20220,20244],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20193,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20195,8883],{"class":45},[39,20197,50],{"class":49},[39,20199,54],{"class":53},[39,20201,562],{"class":517},[39,20203,7382],{"class":521},[39,20205,562],{"class":517},[39,20207,1250],{"class":53},[39,20209,572],{"class":517},[39,20211,12593],{"class":521},[39,20213,562],{"class":517},[39,20215,72],{"class":53},[39,20217,20218],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20219,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20221,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20223,137],{"class":136},[39,20225,124],{"class":53},[39,20227,8922],{"class":120},[39,20229,117],{"class":53},[39,20231,19457],{"class":120},[39,20233,124],{"class":53},[39,20235,562],{"class":517},[39,20237,7382],{"class":521},[39,20239,562],{"class":517},[39,20241,5073],{"class":53},[39,20243,20156],{"class":150},[39,20245,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20247,137],{"class":136},[39,20249,124],{"class":53},[39,20251,8922],{"class":120},[39,20253,117],{"class":53},[39,20255,19457],{"class":120},[39,20257,124],{"class":53},[39,20259,562],{"class":517},[39,20261,10124],{"class":521},[39,20263,562],{"class":517},[39,20265,5073],{"class":53},[39,20267,20268],{"class":150},"   # None\n",[20,20270,18401],{},[176,20272,20273,20279],{},[179,20274,20275,20276],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[382,20277,20278],{},"must exist",[179,20280,20281,20283,20284],{},[15,20282,10454],{}," when the key is ",[382,20285,20286],{},"optional",[20,20288,20289,20290,117],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[195,20291,10976],{"href":10788},[160,20293,20295],{"id":20294},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20297,20298,20299,20301],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20300,10454],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[30,20303,20305],{"className":32,"code":20304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20306,20307,20332,20336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20308,20309,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20310,20311],{"class":45},"profile ",[39,20313,50],{"class":49},[39,20315,54],{"class":53},[39,20317,562],{"class":517},[39,20319,7382],{"class":521},[39,20321,562],{"class":517},[39,20323,1250],{"class":53},[39,20325,572],{"class":517},[39,20327,7637],{"class":521},[39,20329,562],{"class":517},[39,20331,72],{"class":53},[39,20333,20334],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20335,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20337,20338,20340,20342,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20364,20366,20368],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20339,137],{"class":136},[39,20341,124],{"class":53},[39,20343,20344],{"class":120},"profile",[39,20346,117],{"class":53},[39,20348,19457],{"class":120},[39,20350,124],{"class":53},[39,20352,562],{"class":517},[39,20354,14971],{"class":521},[39,20356,562],{"class":517},[39,20358,61],{"class":53},[39,20360,572],{"class":517},[39,20362,20363],{"class":521},"Unknown",[39,20365,562],{"class":517},[39,20367,5073],{"class":53},[39,20369,20370],{"class":150},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20372,20373],{},"This is useful for display text:",[176,20375,20376,20381,20386],{},[179,20377,20378],{},[15,20379,20380],{},"\"Unknown\"",[179,20382,20383],{},[15,20384,20385],{},"\"Not set\"",[179,20387,20388],{},[15,20389,20390],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20392,20393],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[30,20395,20397],{"className":32,"code":20396,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20398,20399,20431,20435,20462],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20402,4774],{"class":45},[39,20404,50],{"class":49},[39,20406,54],{"class":53},[39,20408,562],{"class":517},[39,20410,18123],{"class":521},[39,20412,562],{"class":517},[39,20414,1250],{"class":53},[39,20416,5718],{"class":57},[39,20418,61],{"class":53},[39,20420,572],{"class":517},[39,20422,18132],{"class":521},[39,20424,562],{"class":517},[39,20426,1250],{"class":53},[39,20428,6073],{"class":57},[39,20430,72],{"class":53},[39,20432,20433],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20434,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20436,20437,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20438,20439],{"class":45},"total_history ",[39,20441,50],{"class":49},[39,20443,4821],{"class":45},[39,20445,117],{"class":53},[39,20447,19457],{"class":120},[39,20449,124],{"class":53},[39,20451,562],{"class":517},[39,20453,18141],{"class":521},[39,20455,562],{"class":517},[39,20457,61],{"class":53},[39,20459,3540],{"class":57},[39,20461,130],{"class":53},[39,20463,20464,20466,20468,20471,20473],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20465,137],{"class":136},[39,20467,124],{"class":53},[39,20469,20470],{"class":120},"total_history",[39,20472,3366],{"class":53},[39,20474,20475],{"class":150},"   # 0\n",[20,20477,20478,20479,20481],{},"Here, ",[15,20480,1826],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20483,20484],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[176,20486,20487,20490,20495,20500],{},[179,20488,20489],{},"Use a string for text",[179,20491,154,20492,20494],{},[15,20493,1826],{}," for numbers",[179,20496,154,20497,20499],{},[15,20498,3493],{}," for lists if needed",[179,20501,154,20502,20504],{},[15,20503,3498],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[160,20506,20508],{"id":20507},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20510,20511,20512,117],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20513,10454],{},[988,20515,20517,20519],{"id":20516},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20518,10454],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20521,20522,20523,20525],{},"This code does ",[382,20524,4340],{}," create a new key:",[30,20527,20529],{"className":32,"code":20528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20530,20531,20555,20559,20584],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20532,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20534,12913],{"class":45},[39,20536,50],{"class":49},[39,20538,54],{"class":53},[39,20540,562],{"class":517},[39,20542,7382],{"class":521},[39,20544,562],{"class":517},[39,20546,1250],{"class":53},[39,20548,572],{"class":517},[39,20550,12593],{"class":521},[39,20552,562],{"class":517},[39,20554,72],{"class":53},[39,20556,20557],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20558,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20560,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20562,137],{"class":136},[39,20564,124],{"class":53},[39,20566,17016],{"class":120},[39,20568,117],{"class":53},[39,20570,19457],{"class":120},[39,20572,124],{"class":53},[39,20574,562],{"class":517},[39,20576,10124],{"class":521},[39,20578,562],{"class":517},[39,20580,5073],{"class":53},[39,20582,20583],{"class":150},"  # None\n",[39,20585,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20587,137],{"class":136},[39,20589,124],{"class":53},[39,20591,17016],{"class":120},[39,20593,3366],{"class":53},[39,20595,20596],{"class":150},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20598,20599],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[988,20601,20603,20605],{"id":20602},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20604,10454],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20607,20608],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[30,20610,20612],{"className":32,"code":20611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20613,20614,20640,20644,20670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20615,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20627,20629,20631,20633,20636,20638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20617,13535],{"class":45},[39,20619,50],{"class":49},[39,20621,54],{"class":53},[39,20623,562],{"class":517},[39,20625,20626],{"class":521},"mode",[39,20628,562],{"class":517},[39,20630,1250],{"class":53},[39,20632,572],{"class":517},[39,20634,20635],{"class":521},"light",[39,20637,562],{"class":517},[39,20639,72],{"class":53},[39,20641,20642],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20643,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20645,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20647,13594],{"class":45},[39,20649,117],{"class":53},[39,20651,19457],{"class":120},[39,20653,124],{"class":53},[39,20655,562],{"class":517},[39,20657,12207],{"class":521},[39,20659,562],{"class":517},[39,20661,61],{"class":53},[39,20663,572],{"class":517},[39,20665,12216],{"class":521},[39,20667,562],{"class":517},[39,20669,130],{"class":53},[39,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20673,137],{"class":136},[39,20675,124],{"class":53},[39,20677,13594],{"class":120},[39,20679,3366],{"class":53},[39,20681,20682],{"class":150},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20684,20685,20686,20689],{},"Even though ",[15,20687,20688],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[988,20691,20693,20694],{"id":20692},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20695,3484],{},[20,20697,20698,20699,2104,20701,20703],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20700,10454],{},[15,20702,3484],{}," because:",[176,20705,20706,20709],{},[179,20707,20708],{},"The key is missing, or",[179,20710,20711,20712],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20713,3484],{},[20,20715,267],{},[30,20717,20719],{"className":32,"code":20718,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20720,20721,20758,20762,20786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20722,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20750,20752,20754,20756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20724,8883],{"class":45},[39,20726,50],{"class":49},[39,20728,54],{"class":53},[39,20730,562],{"class":517},[39,20732,7382],{"class":521},[39,20734,562],{"class":517},[39,20736,1250],{"class":53},[39,20738,572],{"class":517},[39,20740,12593],{"class":521},[39,20742,562],{"class":517},[39,20744,61],{"class":53},[39,20746,572],{"class":517},[39,20748,20749],{"class":521},"nickname",[39,20751,562],{"class":517},[39,20753,1250],{"class":53},[39,20755,3560],{"class":3559},[39,20757,72],{"class":53},[39,20759,20760],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20761,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20763,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20765,137],{"class":136},[39,20767,124],{"class":53},[39,20769,8922],{"class":120},[39,20771,117],{"class":53},[39,20773,19457],{"class":120},[39,20775,124],{"class":53},[39,20777,562],{"class":517},[39,20779,20749],{"class":521},[39,20781,562],{"class":517},[39,20783,5073],{"class":53},[39,20785,20583],{"class":150},[39,20787,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20789,137],{"class":136},[39,20791,124],{"class":53},[39,20793,8922],{"class":120},[39,20795,117],{"class":53},[39,20797,19457],{"class":120},[39,20799,124],{"class":53},[39,20801,562],{"class":517},[39,20803,10124],{"class":521},[39,20805,562],{"class":517},[39,20807,5073],{"class":53},[39,20809,20810],{"class":150},"      # None\n",[20,20812,20813,20814,20816],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20815,3484],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20818,20819,20820,1250],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20821,3591],{},[30,20823,20825],{"className":32,"code":20824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20826,20827,20863,20867,20888],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20828,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20830,8883],{"class":45},[39,20832,50],{"class":49},[39,20834,54],{"class":53},[39,20836,562],{"class":517},[39,20838,7382],{"class":521},[39,20840,562],{"class":517},[39,20842,1250],{"class":53},[39,20844,572],{"class":517},[39,20846,12593],{"class":521},[39,20848,562],{"class":517},[39,20850,61],{"class":53},[39,20852,572],{"class":517},[39,20854,20749],{"class":521},[39,20856,562],{"class":517},[39,20858,1250],{"class":53},[39,20860,3560],{"class":3559},[39,20862,72],{"class":53},[39,20864,20865],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20866,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,20868,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20882,20884,20886],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20870,137],{"class":136},[39,20872,124],{"class":53},[39,20874,562],{"class":517},[39,20876,20749],{"class":521},[39,20878,562],{"class":517},[39,20880,20881],{"class":3584}," in",[39,20883,14276],{"class":120},[39,20885,3366],{"class":53},[39,20887,3369],{"class":150},[39,20889,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20891,137],{"class":136},[39,20893,124],{"class":53},[39,20895,562],{"class":517},[39,20897,10124],{"class":521},[39,20899,562],{"class":517},[39,20901,20881],{"class":3584},[39,20903,14276],{"class":120},[39,20905,3366],{"class":53},[39,20907,20908],{"class":150},"      # False\n",[20,20910,20911,20912,117],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[195,20913,20914],{"href":16862},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[160,20916,2537],{"id":2536},[20,20918,20919,20920,1250],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20921,10454],{},[176,20923,20924,20929,20936,20941],{},[179,20925,20926,20927],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20928,19394],{},[179,20930,4414,20931,2104,20933,20935],{},[15,20932,10454],{},[15,20934,3484],{}," if no default is provided",[179,20937,4289,20938,20940],{},[15,20939,10454],{}," creates a key automatically",[179,20942,20943],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20945,20946],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[30,20948,20950],{"className":32,"code":20949,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20951,20952,20962,20976,20994,21016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20953,20954,20956,20958,20960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20955,137],{"class":136},[39,20957,124],{"class":53},[39,20959,11163],{"class":120},[39,20961,130],{"class":53},[39,20963,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,20965,137],{"class":136},[39,20967,124],{"class":53},[39,20969,11163],{"class":120},[39,20971,117],{"class":53},[39,20973,16633],{"class":120},[39,20975,6907],{"class":53},[39,20977,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20992],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,20979,137],{"class":136},[39,20981,124],{"class":53},[39,20983,524],{"class":517},[39,20985,7382],{"class":521},[39,20987,524],{"class":517},[39,20989,20881],{"class":3584},[39,20991,11478],{"class":120},[39,20993,130],{"class":53},[39,20995,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,20997,137],{"class":136},[39,20999,124],{"class":53},[39,21001,11163],{"class":120},[39,21003,117],{"class":53},[39,21005,19457],{"class":120},[39,21007,124],{"class":53},[39,21009,524],{"class":517},[39,21011,7382],{"class":521},[39,21013,524],{"class":517},[39,21015,486],{"class":53},[39,21017,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,21019,137],{"class":136},[39,21021,124],{"class":53},[39,21023,479],{"class":478},[39,21025,124],{"class":53},[39,21027,11163],{"class":120},[39,21029,117],{"class":53},[39,21031,19457],{"class":120},[39,21033,124],{"class":53},[39,21035,524],{"class":517},[39,21037,7382],{"class":521},[39,21039,524],{"class":517},[39,21041,2619],{"class":53},[20,21043,21044],{},"What these checks tell you:",[176,21046,21047,21052,21058,21064,21070],{},[179,21048,21049,21051],{},[15,21050,12392],{}," shows the full dictionary",[179,21053,21054,21057],{},[15,21055,21056],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[179,21059,21060,21063],{},[15,21061,21062],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[179,21065,21066,21069],{},[15,21067,21068],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[179,21071,21072,21075],{},[15,21073,21074],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21077,21078,21079,4104,21084,21088],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[195,21080,21081,21082,1627],{"href":16771},"the dictionary ",[15,21083,16774],{},[195,21085,21081,21086,1627],{"href":16784},[15,21087,16787],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[160,21090,1563],{"id":1562},[988,21092,1567,21094,21096,21097,2199],{"id":21093},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21095,10454],{}," raise ",[15,21098,19394],{},[20,21100,21101,21102,21104],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21103,3484],{}," or the default value you provide.",[988,21106,1567,21108,21110],{"id":21107},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21109,10454],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21112,21113],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[988,21115,21117,21118,2199],{"id":21116},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21119,10454],{},[20,21121,21122,21124],{},[15,21123,3484],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[988,21126,21128,21129,21131],{"id":21127},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21130,10454],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21133,154,21134,21136],{},[15,21135,10454],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[160,21138,1613],{"id":1612},[176,21140,21141,21145,21151,21157,21161,21166],{},[179,21142,21143],{},[195,21144,8873],{"href":8872},[179,21146,21147],{},[195,21148,10451,21149,1627],{"href":16771},[15,21150,16774],{},[179,21152,21153],{},[195,21154,10451,21155,1627],{"href":16784},[15,21156,16787],{},[179,21158,21159],{},[195,21160,16863],{"href":16862},[179,21162,21163],{},[195,21164,21165],{"href":16306},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[179,21167,21168],{},[195,21169,10976],{"href":10788},[1642,21171,21172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":21174},[21175,21177,21178,21180,21185,21186,21194,21195,21205],{"id":19539,"depth":75,"text":21176},"What get() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":19874,"depth":75,"text":21179},"When to use get()",{"id":20046,"depth":75,"text":21181,"children":21182},"get() vs square brackets",[21183,21184],{"id":20095,"depth":99,"text":20096},{"id":19457,"depth":99,"text":10454},{"id":20294,"depth":75,"text":20295},{"id":20507,"depth":75,"text":20508,"children":21187},[21188,21190,21192],{"id":20516,"depth":99,"text":21189},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20602,"depth":99,"text":21191},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20692,"depth":99,"text":21193},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":21196},[21197,21199,21201,21203],{"id":21093,"depth":99,"text":21198},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21107,"depth":99,"text":21200},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21116,"depth":99,"text":21202},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21127,"depth":99,"text":21204},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19375,"description":21206},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21213,"title":21214,"body":21215,"description":23770,"extension":1670,"meta":23771,"navigation":102,"path":23772,"seo":23773,"stem":23774,"__hash__":23775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21216,"toc":23736},[21217,21222,21228,21234,21236,21318,21322,21339,21344,21349,21354,21356,21370,21372,21435,21439,21479,21487,21489,21491,21506,21509,21522,21524,21603,21607,21673,21675,21679,21686,21688,21699,21701,21811,21815,21894,21900,21906,21911,22024,22028,22060,22063,22170,22176,22183,22187,22190,22292,22296,22357,22360,22363,22374,22383,22386,22403,22405,22504,22508,22583,22586,22609,22614,22619,22636,22638,22759,22763,22797,22799,22804,22811,22821,22823,22901,22904,22975,22985,22988,23020,23023,23062,23068,23075,23078,23169,23173,23254,23260,23263,23266,23371,23374,23377,23499,23503,23506,23573,23577,23614,23620,23622,23628,23633,23639,23646,23652,23655,23694,23700,23703,23705,23733],[10,21218,11032,21220,18],{"id":21219},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21221,16787],{},[20,21223,22,21224,21227],{},[15,21225,21226],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21229,21230,21231,21233],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21232,16787],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[160,21235,1711],{"id":1710},[30,21237,21239],{"className":32,"code":21238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21240,21241,21277,21281,21304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21242,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21244,12913],{"class":45},[39,21246,50],{"class":49},[39,21248,54],{"class":53},[39,21250,562],{"class":517},[39,21252,7382],{"class":521},[39,21254,562],{"class":517},[39,21256,1250],{"class":53},[39,21258,572],{"class":517},[39,21260,12593],{"class":521},[39,21262,562],{"class":517},[39,21264,61],{"class":53},[39,21266,572],{"class":517},[39,21268,9015],{"class":521},[39,21270,562],{"class":517},[39,21272,1250],{"class":53},[39,21274,9022],{"class":57},[39,21276,72],{"class":53},[39,21278,21279],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21280,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21282,21283,21285,21288,21290,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,21284,5671],{"class":3584},[39,21286,21287],{"class":45}," key",[39,21289,61],{"class":53},[39,21291,21292],{"class":45}," value ",[39,21294,3591],{"class":3584},[39,21296,12956],{"class":45},[39,21298,117],{"class":53},[39,21300,7525],{"class":120},[39,21302,21303],{"class":53},"():\n",[39,21305,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,21307,7785],{"class":136},[39,21309,124],{"class":53},[39,21311,14550],{"class":120},[39,21313,61],{"class":53},[39,21315,8150],{"class":120},[39,21317,130],{"class":53},[20,21319,21320],{},[382,21321,353],{},[30,21323,21325],{"className":32,"code":21324,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21326,21327,21332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21328,21329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21330,21331],{"class":45},"name Ana\n",[39,21333,21334,21337],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21335,21336],{"class":45},"age ",[39,21338,2415],{"class":57},[20,21340,154,21341,21343],{},[15,21342,16787],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[160,21345,3383,21347,3386],{"id":21346},"what-items-does",[15,21348,16787],{},[20,21350,21351,21353],{},[15,21352,16787],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21355,11172],{},[176,21357,21358,21364,21367],{},[179,21359,21360,21361],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21362,21363],{},"(key, value)",[179,21365,21366],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[179,21368,21369],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21371,267],{},[30,21373,21375],{"className":32,"code":21374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21376,21377,21413,21417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21378,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21380,12913],{"class":45},[39,21382,50],{"class":49},[39,21384,54],{"class":53},[39,21386,562],{"class":517},[39,21388,7382],{"class":521},[39,21390,562],{"class":517},[39,21392,1250],{"class":53},[39,21394,572],{"class":517},[39,21396,12593],{"class":521},[39,21398,562],{"class":517},[39,21400,61],{"class":53},[39,21402,572],{"class":517},[39,21404,9015],{"class":521},[39,21406,562],{"class":517},[39,21408,1250],{"class":53},[39,21410,9022],{"class":57},[39,21412,72],{"class":53},[39,21414,21415],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21416,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21418,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,21420,137],{"class":136},[39,21422,124],{"class":53},[39,21424,7810],{"class":478},[39,21426,124],{"class":53},[39,21428,17016],{"class":120},[39,21430,117],{"class":53},[39,21432,7525],{"class":120},[39,21434,6003],{"class":53},[20,21436,21437],{},[382,21438,353],{},[30,21440,21442],{"className":32,"code":21441,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21443,21444],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21445,21446,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21447,21448],{"class":53},"[(",[39,21450,524],{"class":517},[39,21452,7382],{"class":521},[39,21454,524],{"class":517},[39,21456,61],{"class":53},[39,21458,518],{"class":517},[39,21460,12593],{"class":521},[39,21462,524],{"class":517},[39,21464,8951],{"class":53},[39,21466,933],{"class":53},[39,21468,524],{"class":517},[39,21470,9015],{"class":521},[39,21472,524],{"class":517},[39,21474,61],{"class":53},[39,21476,9022],{"class":57},[39,21478,8966],{"class":53},[20,21480,21481,21482,1292,21484,117],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[195,21483,8873],{"href":12734},[195,21485,14734],{"href":21486},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[160,21488,202],{"id":201},[20,21490,5146],{},[30,21492,21494],{"className":32,"code":21493,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21495,21496],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21497,21498,21500,21502,21504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21499,11163],{"class":45},[39,21501,117],{"class":53},[39,21503,7525],{"class":120},[39,21505,1609],{"class":53},[20,21507,21508],{},"Things to remember:",[176,21510,21511,21516,21519],{},[179,21512,21513,21515],{},[15,21514,16787],{}," does not take any arguments",[179,21517,21518],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[179,21520,21521],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21523,267],{},[30,21525,21527],{"className":32,"code":21526,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21528,21529,21561,21565,21579,21583,21593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21530,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21532,4774],{"class":45},[39,21534,50],{"class":49},[39,21536,54],{"class":53},[39,21538,562],{"class":517},[39,21540,4714],{"class":521},[39,21542,562],{"class":517},[39,21544,1250],{"class":53},[39,21546,19605],{"class":57},[39,21548,61],{"class":53},[39,21550,572],{"class":517},[39,21552,4723],{"class":521},[39,21554,562],{"class":517},[39,21556,1250],{"class":53},[39,21558,13216],{"class":57},[39,21560,72],{"class":53},[39,21562,21563],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21564,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21566,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,21568,109],{"class":45},[39,21570,50],{"class":49},[39,21572,4821],{"class":45},[39,21574,117],{"class":53},[39,21576,7525],{"class":120},[39,21578,1609],{"class":53},[39,21580,21581],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,21582,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21584,21585,21587,21589,21591],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,21586,137],{"class":136},[39,21588,124],{"class":53},[39,21590,142],{"class":120},[39,21592,130],{"class":53},[39,21594,21595,21597,21599,21601],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,21596,137],{"class":136},[39,21598,124],{"class":53},[39,21600,16098],{"class":120},[39,21602,130],{"class":53},[20,21604,21605],{},[382,21606,353],{},[30,21608,21610],{"className":32,"code":21609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21611,21612,21645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21613,21614,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21615,21616],{"class":120},"dict_items",[39,21618,9373],{"class":53},[39,21620,524],{"class":517},[39,21622,4714],{"class":521},[39,21624,524],{"class":517},[39,21626,61],{"class":53},[39,21628,19605],{"class":57},[39,21630,8951],{"class":53},[39,21632,933],{"class":53},[39,21634,524],{"class":517},[39,21636,4723],{"class":521},[39,21638,524],{"class":517},[39,21640,61],{"class":53},[39,21642,13216],{"class":57},[39,21644,10393],{"class":53},[39,21646,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21648,363],{"class":53},[39,21650,524],{"class":517},[39,21652,4714],{"class":521},[39,21654,524],{"class":517},[39,21656,1250],{"class":53},[39,21658,19605],{"class":57},[39,21660,61],{"class":53},[39,21662,518],{"class":517},[39,21664,4723],{"class":521},[39,21666,524],{"class":517},[39,21668,1250],{"class":53},[39,21670,13216],{"class":57},[39,21672,72],{"class":53},[20,21674,20599],{},[160,21676,21678],{"id":21677},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21680,21681,380,21683,21685],{},[15,21682,16787],{},[15,21684,21616],{}," view object.",[20,21687,1813],{},[176,21689,21690,21693,21696],{},[179,21691,21692],{},"You can loop over it",[179,21694,21695],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[179,21697,21698],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21700,267],{},[30,21702,21704],{"className":32,"code":21703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21705,21706,21738,21752,21756,21770,21774,21793,21797],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21707,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21709,8883],{"class":45},[39,21711,50],{"class":49},[39,21713,54],{"class":53},[39,21715,562],{"class":517},[39,21717,1880],{"class":521},[39,21719,562],{"class":517},[39,21721,1250],{"class":53},[39,21723,5210],{"class":57},[39,21725,61],{"class":53},[39,21727,572],{"class":517},[39,21729,11457],{"class":521},[39,21731,562],{"class":517},[39,21733,1250],{"class":53},[39,21735,64],{"class":57},[39,21737,72],{"class":53},[39,21739,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21741,8933],{"class":45},[39,21743,50],{"class":49},[39,21745,14276],{"class":45},[39,21747,117],{"class":53},[39,21749,7525],{"class":120},[39,21751,1609],{"class":53},[39,21753,21754],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,21755,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21757,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,21759,137],{"class":136},[39,21761,124],{"class":53},[39,21763,7810],{"class":478},[39,21765,124],{"class":53},[39,21767,8979],{"class":120},[39,21769,486],{"class":53},[39,21771,21772],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,21773,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21775,21776,21778,21780,21782,21785,21787,21789,21791],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,21777,8922],{"class":45},[39,21779,3609],{"class":53},[39,21781,562],{"class":517},[39,21783,21784],{"class":521},"z",[39,21786,562],{"class":517},[39,21788,12982],{"class":53},[39,21790,12985],{"class":49},[39,21792,2284],{"class":57},[39,21794,21795],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,21796,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21798,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,21800,137],{"class":136},[39,21802,124],{"class":53},[39,21804,7810],{"class":478},[39,21806,124],{"class":53},[39,21808,8979],{"class":120},[39,21810,486],{"class":53},[20,21812,21813],{},[382,21814,353],{},[30,21816,21818],{"className":32,"code":21817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21819,21820,21850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21821,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21823,21448],{"class":53},[39,21825,524],{"class":517},[39,21827,1880],{"class":521},[39,21829,524],{"class":517},[39,21831,61],{"class":53},[39,21833,5210],{"class":57},[39,21835,8951],{"class":53},[39,21837,933],{"class":53},[39,21839,524],{"class":517},[39,21841,11457],{"class":521},[39,21843,524],{"class":517},[39,21845,61],{"class":53},[39,21847,64],{"class":57},[39,21849,8966],{"class":53},[39,21851,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21853,21448],{"class":53},[39,21855,524],{"class":517},[39,21857,1880],{"class":521},[39,21859,524],{"class":517},[39,21861,61],{"class":53},[39,21863,5210],{"class":57},[39,21865,8951],{"class":53},[39,21867,933],{"class":53},[39,21869,524],{"class":517},[39,21871,11457],{"class":521},[39,21873,524],{"class":517},[39,21875,61],{"class":53},[39,21877,64],{"class":57},[39,21879,8951],{"class":53},[39,21881,933],{"class":53},[39,21883,524],{"class":517},[39,21885,21784],{"class":521},[39,21887,524],{"class":517},[39,21889,61],{"class":53},[39,21891,69],{"class":57},[39,21893,8966],{"class":53},[20,21895,21896,21897,21899],{},"This happens because ",[15,21898,8979],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[160,21901,21903,21904],{"id":21902},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21905,16787],{},[20,21907,21908,21909,1250],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21910,16787],{},[30,21912,21914],{"className":32,"code":21913,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21915,21916,21969,21973,21993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21917,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21919,12576],{"class":45},[39,21921,50],{"class":49},[39,21923,54],{"class":53},[39,21925,562],{"class":517},[39,21927,7382],{"class":521},[39,21929,562],{"class":517},[39,21931,1250],{"class":53},[39,21933,572],{"class":517},[39,21935,7637],{"class":521},[39,21937,562],{"class":517},[39,21939,61],{"class":53},[39,21941,572],{"class":517},[39,21943,19598],{"class":521},[39,21945,562],{"class":517},[39,21947,1250],{"class":53},[39,21949,572],{"class":517},[39,21951,21952],{"class":521},"A",[39,21954,562],{"class":517},[39,21956,61],{"class":53},[39,21958,572],{"class":517},[39,21960,9015],{"class":521},[39,21962,562],{"class":517},[39,21964,1250],{"class":53},[39,21966,13567],{"class":57},[39,21968,72],{"class":53},[39,21970,21971],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,21972,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,21974,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,21976,5671],{"class":3584},[39,21978,21287],{"class":45},[39,21980,61],{"class":53},[39,21982,21292],{"class":45},[39,21984,3591],{"class":3584},[39,21986,12619],{"class":45},[39,21988,117],{"class":53},[39,21990,7525],{"class":120},[39,21992,21303],{"class":53},[39,21994,21995,21997,21999,22002,22004,22006,22008,22011,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,21996,7785],{"class":136},[39,21998,124],{"class":53},[39,22000,22001],{"class":513},"f",[39,22003,562],{"class":521},[39,22005,363],{"class":57},[39,22007,14550],{"class":120},[39,22009,22010],{"class":57},"}",[39,22012,22013],{"class":521},": ",[39,22015,363],{"class":57},[39,22017,2179],{"class":120},[39,22019,22010],{"class":57},[39,22021,562],{"class":521},[39,22023,130],{"class":53},[20,22025,22026],{},[382,22027,353],{},[30,22029,22031],{"className":32,"code":22030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22032,22033,22042,22051],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22034,22035,22037,22039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22036,7382],{"class":45},[39,22038,1250],{"class":53},[39,22040,22041],{"class":45}," Mia\n",[39,22043,22044,22046,22048],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22045,19598],{"class":45},[39,22047,1250],{"class":53},[39,22049,22050],{"class":45}," A\n",[39,22052,22053,22055,22057],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22054,9015],{"class":45},[39,22056,1250],{"class":53},[39,22058,22059],{"class":57}," 14\n",[20,22061,22062],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[30,22064,22066],{"className":32,"code":22065,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22067,22068,22120,22124,22136],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22069,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22071,12576],{"class":45},[39,22073,50],{"class":49},[39,22075,54],{"class":53},[39,22077,562],{"class":517},[39,22079,7382],{"class":521},[39,22081,562],{"class":517},[39,22083,1250],{"class":53},[39,22085,572],{"class":517},[39,22087,7637],{"class":521},[39,22089,562],{"class":517},[39,22091,61],{"class":53},[39,22093,572],{"class":517},[39,22095,19598],{"class":521},[39,22097,562],{"class":517},[39,22099,1250],{"class":53},[39,22101,572],{"class":517},[39,22103,21952],{"class":521},[39,22105,562],{"class":517},[39,22107,61],{"class":53},[39,22109,572],{"class":517},[39,22111,9015],{"class":521},[39,22113,562],{"class":517},[39,22115,1250],{"class":53},[39,22117,13567],{"class":57},[39,22119,72],{"class":53},[39,22121,22122],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22123,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22125,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22127,5671],{"class":3584},[39,22129,17915],{"class":45},[39,22131,3591],{"class":3584},[39,22133,12619],{"class":45},[39,22135,6107],{"class":53},[39,22137,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22139,7785],{"class":136},[39,22141,124],{"class":53},[39,22143,22001],{"class":513},[39,22145,562],{"class":521},[39,22147,363],{"class":57},[39,22149,14550],{"class":120},[39,22151,22010],{"class":57},[39,22153,22013],{"class":521},[39,22155,363],{"class":57},[39,22157,13335],{"class":120},[39,22159,3609],{"class":53},[39,22161,14550],{"class":120},[39,22163,12982],{"class":53},[39,22165,22010],{"class":57},[39,22167,562],{"class":521},[39,22169,130],{"class":53},[20,22171,6222,22172,22175],{},[15,22173,22174],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22177,22178,22179,117],{},"For a full guide, see ",[195,22180,22182],{"href":22181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[160,22184,22186],{"id":22185},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22188,22189],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[30,22191,22193],{"className":32,"code":22192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22194,22195,22253,22257,22277,22281],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22196,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22240,22242,22244,22246,22249,22251],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22198,12786],{"class":45},[39,22200,50],{"class":49},[39,22202,54],{"class":53},[39,22204,562],{"class":517},[39,22206,3789],{"class":521},[39,22208,562],{"class":517},[39,22210,1250],{"class":53},[39,22212,572],{"class":517},[39,22214,565],{"class":521},[39,22216,562],{"class":517},[39,22218,61],{"class":53},[39,22220,572],{"class":517},[39,22222,3798],{"class":521},[39,22224,562],{"class":517},[39,22226,1250],{"class":53},[39,22228,572],{"class":517},[39,22230,610],{"class":521},[39,22232,562],{"class":517},[39,22234,61],{"class":53},[39,22236,572],{"class":517},[39,22238,22239],{"class":521},"grape",[39,22241,562],{"class":517},[39,22243,1250],{"class":53},[39,22245,572],{"class":517},[39,22247,22248],{"class":521},"purple",[39,22250,562],{"class":517},[39,22252,72],{"class":53},[39,22254,22255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22256,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22258,22259,22262,22264,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22260,22261],{"class":45},"pairs_list ",[39,22263,50],{"class":49},[39,22265,22266],{"class":478}," list",[39,22268,124],{"class":53},[39,22270,17209],{"class":120},[39,22272,117],{"class":53},[39,22274,7525],{"class":120},[39,22276,6907],{"class":53},[39,22278,22279],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22280,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22282,22283,22285,22287,22290],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,22284,137],{"class":136},[39,22286,124],{"class":53},[39,22288,22289],{"class":120},"pairs_list",[39,22291,130],{"class":53},[20,22293,22294],{},[382,22295,353],{},[30,22297,22299],{"className":32,"code":22298,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22300,22301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22302,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22304,21448],{"class":53},[39,22306,524],{"class":517},[39,22308,3789],{"class":521},[39,22310,524],{"class":517},[39,22312,61],{"class":53},[39,22314,518],{"class":517},[39,22316,565],{"class":521},[39,22318,524],{"class":517},[39,22320,8951],{"class":53},[39,22322,933],{"class":53},[39,22324,524],{"class":517},[39,22326,3798],{"class":521},[39,22328,524],{"class":517},[39,22330,61],{"class":53},[39,22332,518],{"class":517},[39,22334,610],{"class":521},[39,22336,524],{"class":517},[39,22338,8951],{"class":53},[39,22340,933],{"class":53},[39,22342,524],{"class":517},[39,22344,22239],{"class":521},[39,22346,524],{"class":517},[39,22348,61],{"class":53},[39,22350,518],{"class":517},[39,22352,22248],{"class":521},[39,22354,524],{"class":517},[39,22356,8966],{"class":53},[20,22358,22359],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22361,22362],{},"Use this when:",[176,22364,22365,22368,22371],{},[179,22366,22367],{},"You want clearer printed output",[179,22369,22370],{},"You need list behavior",[179,22372,22373],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[160,22375,22377,980,22379,980,22381],{"id":22376},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22378,16787],{},[15,22380,16774],{},[15,22382,16780],{},[20,22384,22385],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[176,22387,22388,22393,22398],{},[179,22389,22390,22392],{},[15,22391,16787],{}," gives both key and value",[179,22394,22395,22397],{},[15,22396,16774],{}," gives only keys",[179,22399,22400,22402],{},[15,22401,16780],{}," gives only values",[20,22404,267],{},[30,22406,22408],{"className":32,"code":22407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22409,22410,22446,22450,22468,22486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22411,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22413,12913],{"class":45},[39,22415,50],{"class":49},[39,22417,54],{"class":53},[39,22419,562],{"class":517},[39,22421,7382],{"class":521},[39,22423,562],{"class":517},[39,22425,1250],{"class":53},[39,22427,572],{"class":517},[39,22429,12593],{"class":521},[39,22431,562],{"class":517},[39,22433,61],{"class":53},[39,22435,572],{"class":517},[39,22437,9015],{"class":521},[39,22439,562],{"class":517},[39,22441,1250],{"class":53},[39,22443,9022],{"class":57},[39,22445,72],{"class":53},[39,22447,22448],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22449,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22451,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22453,137],{"class":136},[39,22455,124],{"class":53},[39,22457,7810],{"class":478},[39,22459,124],{"class":53},[39,22461,17016],{"class":120},[39,22463,117],{"class":53},[39,22465,16633],{"class":120},[39,22467,6003],{"class":53},[39,22469,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22471,137],{"class":136},[39,22473,124],{"class":53},[39,22475,7810],{"class":478},[39,22477,124],{"class":53},[39,22479,17016],{"class":120},[39,22481,117],{"class":53},[39,22483,5070],{"class":120},[39,22485,6003],{"class":53},[39,22487,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,22489,137],{"class":136},[39,22491,124],{"class":53},[39,22493,7810],{"class":478},[39,22495,124],{"class":53},[39,22497,17016],{"class":120},[39,22499,117],{"class":53},[39,22501,7525],{"class":120},[39,22503,6003],{"class":53},[20,22505,22506],{},[382,22507,353],{},[30,22509,22511],{"className":32,"code":22510,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22512,22513,22533,22549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22514,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22516,3609],{"class":53},[39,22518,524],{"class":517},[39,22520,7382],{"class":521},[39,22522,524],{"class":517},[39,22524,61],{"class":53},[39,22526,518],{"class":517},[39,22528,9015],{"class":521},[39,22530,524],{"class":517},[39,22532,3340],{"class":53},[39,22534,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22536,3609],{"class":53},[39,22538,524],{"class":517},[39,22540,12593],{"class":521},[39,22542,524],{"class":517},[39,22544,61],{"class":53},[39,22546,9022],{"class":57},[39,22548,3340],{"class":53},[39,22550,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22552,21448],{"class":53},[39,22554,524],{"class":517},[39,22556,7382],{"class":521},[39,22558,524],{"class":517},[39,22560,61],{"class":53},[39,22562,518],{"class":517},[39,22564,12593],{"class":521},[39,22566,524],{"class":517},[39,22568,8951],{"class":53},[39,22570,933],{"class":53},[39,22572,524],{"class":517},[39,22574,9015],{"class":521},[39,22576,524],{"class":517},[39,22578,61],{"class":53},[39,22580,9022],{"class":57},[39,22582,8966],{"class":53},[20,22584,22585],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[176,22587,22588,22596,22604],{},[179,22589,22590,22591],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[195,22592,22594],{"href":22593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22595,16774],{},[179,22597,22598,22599],{},"Need just values? Use ",[195,22600,22602],{"href":22601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22603,16780],{},[179,22605,22606,22607],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22608,16787],{},[160,22610,4671,22612],{"id":22611},"when-to-use-items",[15,22613,16787],{},[20,22615,22616,22618],{},[15,22617,16787],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[176,22620,22621,22624,22627,22630,22633],{},[179,22622,22623],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[179,22625,22626],{},"Building formatted output",[179,22628,22629],{},"Looping through settings and values",[179,22631,22632],{},"Showing names with scores",[179,22634,22635],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22637,267],{},[30,22639,22641],{"className":32,"code":22640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22642,22643,22651,22669,22688,22700,22704,22708,22729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22644,22645,22647,22649],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22646,13535],{"class":45},[39,22648,50],{"class":49},[39,22650,11205],{"class":53},[39,22652,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22654,11210],{"class":517},[39,22656,12207],{"class":521},[39,22658,562],{"class":517},[39,22660,1250],{"class":53},[39,22662,572],{"class":517},[39,22664,12216],{"class":521},[39,22666,562],{"class":517},[39,22668,11226],{"class":53},[39,22670,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22684,22686],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22672,11210],{"class":517},[39,22674,19830],{"class":521},[39,22676,562],{"class":517},[39,22678,1250],{"class":53},[39,22680,572],{"class":517},[39,22682,22683],{"class":521},"English",[39,22685,562],{"class":517},[39,22687,11226],{"class":53},[39,22689,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22691,11210],{"class":517},[39,22693,18231],{"class":521},[39,22695,562],{"class":517},[39,22697,1250],{"class":53},[39,22699,6136],{"class":3559},[39,22701,22702],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,22703,72],{"class":53},[39,22705,22706],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,22707,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22709,22710,22712,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,22711,5671],{"class":3584},[39,22713,22714],{"class":45}," setting",[39,22716,61],{"class":53},[39,22718,21292],{"class":45},[39,22720,3591],{"class":3584},[39,22722,13579],{"class":45},[39,22724,117],{"class":53},[39,22726,7525],{"class":120},[39,22728,21303],{"class":53},[39,22730,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22744,22746,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,22732,7785],{"class":136},[39,22734,124],{"class":53},[39,22736,22001],{"class":513},[39,22738,562],{"class":521},[39,22740,363],{"class":57},[39,22742,22743],{"class":120},"setting",[39,22745,22010],{"class":57},[39,22747,22748],{"class":521}," = ",[39,22750,363],{"class":57},[39,22752,2179],{"class":120},[39,22754,22010],{"class":57},[39,22756,562],{"class":521},[39,22758,130],{"class":53},[20,22760,22761],{},[382,22762,353],{},[30,22764,22766],{"className":32,"code":22765,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22767,22768,22778,22788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22769,22770,22773,22775],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22771,22772],{"class":45},"theme ",[39,22774,50],{"class":49},[39,22776,22777],{"class":45}," dark\n",[39,22779,22780,22783,22785],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22781,22782],{"class":45},"language ",[39,22784,50],{"class":49},[39,22786,22787],{"class":45}," English\n",[39,22789,22790,22793,22795],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22791,22792],{"class":45},"notifications ",[39,22794,50],{"class":49},[39,22796,6136],{"class":3559},[160,22798,2537],{"id":2536},[20,22800,22801,22802,117],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22803,16787],{},[988,22805,22807,22808,22810],{"id":22806},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22809,16787],{}," incorrectly",[20,22812,22813,22814,22816,22817,22820],{},"Each result from ",[15,22815,16787],{}," has ",[382,22818,22819],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22822,6400],{},[30,22824,22825],{"className":32,"code":21238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,22826,22827,22863,22867,22887],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22828,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22830,12913],{"class":45},[39,22832,50],{"class":49},[39,22834,54],{"class":53},[39,22836,562],{"class":517},[39,22838,7382],{"class":521},[39,22840,562],{"class":517},[39,22842,1250],{"class":53},[39,22844,572],{"class":517},[39,22846,12593],{"class":521},[39,22848,562],{"class":517},[39,22850,61],{"class":53},[39,22852,572],{"class":517},[39,22854,9015],{"class":521},[39,22856,562],{"class":517},[39,22858,1250],{"class":53},[39,22860,9022],{"class":57},[39,22862,72],{"class":53},[39,22864,22865],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22866,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22868,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22870,5671],{"class":3584},[39,22872,21287],{"class":45},[39,22874,61],{"class":53},[39,22876,21292],{"class":45},[39,22878,3591],{"class":3584},[39,22880,12956],{"class":45},[39,22882,117],{"class":53},[39,22884,7525],{"class":120},[39,22886,21303],{"class":53},[39,22888,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22890,7785],{"class":136},[39,22892,124],{"class":53},[39,22894,14550],{"class":120},[39,22896,61],{"class":53},[39,22898,8150],{"class":120},[39,22900,130],{"class":53},[20,22902,22903],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[30,22905,22907],{"className":32,"code":22906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22908,22909,22945,22949,22965],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22910,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22912,12913],{"class":45},[39,22914,50],{"class":49},[39,22916,54],{"class":53},[39,22918,562],{"class":517},[39,22920,7382],{"class":521},[39,22922,562],{"class":517},[39,22924,1250],{"class":53},[39,22926,572],{"class":517},[39,22928,12593],{"class":521},[39,22930,562],{"class":517},[39,22932,61],{"class":53},[39,22934,572],{"class":517},[39,22936,9015],{"class":521},[39,22938,562],{"class":517},[39,22940,1250],{"class":53},[39,22942,9022],{"class":57},[39,22944,72],{"class":53},[39,22946,22947],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,22948,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,22950,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,22952,5671],{"class":3584},[39,22954,17915],{"class":45},[39,22956,3591],{"class":3584},[39,22958,12956],{"class":45},[39,22960,117],{"class":53},[39,22962,7525],{"class":120},[39,22964,21303],{"class":53},[39,22966,22967,22969,22971,22973],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,22968,7785],{"class":136},[39,22970,124],{"class":53},[39,22972,14550],{"class":120},[39,22974,130],{"class":53},[20,22976,22977,22978,22980,22981,22984],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22979,14550],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22982,22983],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22986,22987],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[30,22989,22991],{"className":32,"code":22990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22992,22993,23009],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22994,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22996,5671],{"class":3584},[39,22998,5674],{"class":45},[39,23000,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23002,12956],{"class":45},[39,23004,117],{"class":53},[39,23006,7525],{"class":120},[39,23008,21303],{"class":53},[39,23010,23011,23013,23015,23018],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23012,7785],{"class":136},[39,23014,124],{"class":53},[39,23016,23017],{"class":120},"item",[39,23019,130],{"class":53},[20,23021,23022],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[30,23024,23026],{"className":32,"code":23025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23027,23028,23048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23029,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23031,5671],{"class":3584},[39,23033,21287],{"class":45},[39,23035,61],{"class":53},[39,23037,21292],{"class":45},[39,23039,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23041,12956],{"class":45},[39,23043,117],{"class":53},[39,23045,7525],{"class":120},[39,23047,21303],{"class":53},[39,23049,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23051,7785],{"class":136},[39,23053,124],{"class":53},[39,23055,14550],{"class":120},[39,23057,61],{"class":53},[39,23059,8150],{"class":120},[39,23061,130],{"class":53},[988,23063,8170,23065,23067],{"id":23064},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23066,16787],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23069,23070,380,23072,23074],{},[15,23071,16787],{},[15,23073,21616],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23076,23077],{},"Check it:",[30,23079,23081],{"className":32,"code":23080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23082,23083,23115,23119,23133,23151],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23084,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23086,11436],{"class":45},[39,23088,50],{"class":49},[39,23090,54],{"class":53},[39,23092,562],{"class":517},[39,23094,195],{"class":521},[39,23096,562],{"class":517},[39,23098,1250],{"class":53},[39,23100,5210],{"class":57},[39,23102,61],{"class":53},[39,23104,572],{"class":517},[39,23106,127],{"class":521},[39,23108,562],{"class":517},[39,23110,1250],{"class":53},[39,23112,64],{"class":57},[39,23114,72],{"class":53},[39,23116,23117],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23118,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23120,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23122,137],{"class":136},[39,23124,124],{"class":53},[39,23126,11163],{"class":120},[39,23128,117],{"class":53},[39,23130,7525],{"class":120},[39,23132,6907],{"class":53},[39,23134,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,23136,137],{"class":136},[39,23138,124],{"class":53},[39,23140,479],{"class":478},[39,23142,124],{"class":53},[39,23144,11163],{"class":120},[39,23146,117],{"class":53},[39,23148,7525],{"class":120},[39,23150,6003],{"class":53},[39,23152,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,23154,137],{"class":136},[39,23156,124],{"class":53},[39,23158,7810],{"class":478},[39,23160,124],{"class":53},[39,23162,11163],{"class":120},[39,23164,117],{"class":53},[39,23166,7525],{"class":120},[39,23168,6003],{"class":53},[20,23170,23171],{},[382,23172,353],{},[30,23174,23176],{"className":32,"code":23175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23177,23178,23210,23224],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23179,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23181,21616],{"class":120},[39,23183,9373],{"class":53},[39,23185,524],{"class":517},[39,23187,195],{"class":521},[39,23189,524],{"class":517},[39,23191,61],{"class":53},[39,23193,5210],{"class":57},[39,23195,8951],{"class":53},[39,23197,933],{"class":53},[39,23199,524],{"class":517},[39,23201,127],{"class":521},[39,23203,524],{"class":517},[39,23205,61],{"class":53},[39,23207,64],{"class":57},[39,23209,10393],{"class":53},[39,23211,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23213,510],{"class":49},[39,23215,514],{"class":513},[39,23217,518],{"class":517},[39,23219,21616],{"class":521},[39,23221,524],{"class":517},[39,23223,527],{"class":49},[39,23225,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23227,21448],{"class":53},[39,23229,524],{"class":517},[39,23231,195],{"class":521},[39,23233,524],{"class":517},[39,23235,61],{"class":53},[39,23237,5210],{"class":57},[39,23239,8951],{"class":53},[39,23241,933],{"class":53},[39,23243,524],{"class":517},[39,23245,127],{"class":521},[39,23247,524],{"class":517},[39,23249,61],{"class":53},[39,23251,64],{"class":57},[39,23253,8966],{"class":53},[988,23255,23257,23258],{"id":23256},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23259,16787],{},[20,23261,23262],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23264,23265],{},"Problem example:",[30,23267,23269],{"className":32,"code":23268,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23270,23271,23315,23319,23339,23351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23272,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23274,1379],{"class":45},[39,23276,50],{"class":49},[39,23278,54],{"class":53},[39,23280,562],{"class":517},[39,23282,195],{"class":521},[39,23284,562],{"class":517},[39,23286,1250],{"class":53},[39,23288,5210],{"class":57},[39,23290,61],{"class":53},[39,23292,572],{"class":517},[39,23294,127],{"class":521},[39,23296,562],{"class":517},[39,23298,1250],{"class":53},[39,23300,64],{"class":57},[39,23302,61],{"class":53},[39,23304,572],{"class":517},[39,23306,9454],{"class":521},[39,23308,562],{"class":517},[39,23310,1250],{"class":53},[39,23312,69],{"class":57},[39,23314,72],{"class":53},[39,23316,23317],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23318,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23320,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23322,5671],{"class":3584},[39,23324,21287],{"class":45},[39,23326,61],{"class":53},[39,23328,21292],{"class":45},[39,23330,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23332,1433],{"class":45},[39,23334,117],{"class":53},[39,23336,7525],{"class":120},[39,23338,21303],{"class":53},[39,23340,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,23342,6112],{"class":3584},[39,23344,21292],{"class":45},[39,23346,4398],{"class":49},[39,23348,64],{"class":57},[39,23350,6107],{"class":53},[39,23352,23353,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,23354,23355],{"class":45},"        numbers",[39,23357,3609],{"class":53},[39,23359,562],{"class":517},[39,23361,18474],{"class":521},[39,23363,562],{"class":517},[39,23365,12982],{"class":53},[39,23367,12985],{"class":49},[39,23369,23370],{"class":57}," 4\n",[20,23372,23373],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23375,23376],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[30,23378,23380],{"className":32,"code":23379,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23381,23382,23426,23430,23455,23467,23485,23489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23383,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23385,1379],{"class":45},[39,23387,50],{"class":49},[39,23389,54],{"class":53},[39,23391,562],{"class":517},[39,23393,195],{"class":521},[39,23395,562],{"class":517},[39,23397,1250],{"class":53},[39,23399,5210],{"class":57},[39,23401,61],{"class":53},[39,23403,572],{"class":517},[39,23405,127],{"class":521},[39,23407,562],{"class":517},[39,23409,1250],{"class":53},[39,23411,64],{"class":57},[39,23413,61],{"class":53},[39,23415,572],{"class":517},[39,23417,9454],{"class":521},[39,23419,562],{"class":517},[39,23421,1250],{"class":53},[39,23423,69],{"class":57},[39,23425,72],{"class":53},[39,23427,23428],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23429,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23431,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23433,5671],{"class":3584},[39,23435,21287],{"class":45},[39,23437,61],{"class":53},[39,23439,21292],{"class":45},[39,23441,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23443,22266],{"class":478},[39,23445,124],{"class":53},[39,23447,1457],{"class":120},[39,23449,117],{"class":53},[39,23451,7525],{"class":120},[39,23453,23454],{"class":53},"()):\n",[39,23456,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,23458,6112],{"class":3584},[39,23460,21292],{"class":45},[39,23462,4398],{"class":49},[39,23464,64],{"class":57},[39,23466,6107],{"class":53},[39,23468,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,23470,23355],{"class":45},[39,23472,3609],{"class":53},[39,23474,562],{"class":517},[39,23476,18474],{"class":521},[39,23478,562],{"class":517},[39,23480,12982],{"class":53},[39,23482,12985],{"class":49},[39,23484,23370],{"class":57},[39,23486,23487],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,23488,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23490,23491,23493,23495,23497],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,23492,137],{"class":136},[39,23494,124],{"class":53},[39,23496,1457],{"class":120},[39,23498,130],{"class":53},[988,23500,23502],{"id":23501},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23504,23505],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[30,23507,23509],{"className":32,"code":23508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23510,23511,23543,23547,23563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23512,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23514,8883],{"class":45},[39,23516,50],{"class":49},[39,23518,54],{"class":53},[39,23520,562],{"class":517},[39,23522,1880],{"class":521},[39,23524,562],{"class":517},[39,23526,1250],{"class":53},[39,23528,5718],{"class":57},[39,23530,61],{"class":53},[39,23532,572],{"class":517},[39,23534,11457],{"class":521},[39,23536,562],{"class":517},[39,23538,1250],{"class":53},[39,23540,7505],{"class":57},[39,23542,72],{"class":53},[39,23544,23545],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23546,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23550,5671],{"class":3584},[39,23552,5674],{"class":45},[39,23554,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23556,14276],{"class":45},[39,23558,117],{"class":53},[39,23560,7525],{"class":120},[39,23562,21303],{"class":53},[39,23564,23565,23567,23569,23571],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,23566,7785],{"class":136},[39,23568,124],{"class":53},[39,23570,23017],{"class":120},[39,23572,130],{"class":53},[20,23574,23575],{},[382,23576,353],{},[30,23578,23580],{"className":32,"code":23579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23581,23582,23598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23583,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23585,124],{"class":53},[39,23587,524],{"class":517},[39,23589,1880],{"class":521},[39,23591,524],{"class":517},[39,23593,61],{"class":53},[39,23595,5718],{"class":57},[39,23597,130],{"class":53},[39,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23601,124],{"class":53},[39,23603,524],{"class":517},[39,23605,11457],{"class":521},[39,23607,524],{"class":517},[39,23609,61],{"class":53},[39,23611,7505],{"class":57},[39,23613,130],{"class":53},[20,23615,23616,23617,23619],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23618,21363],{}," pair.",[160,23621,1563],{"id":1562},[988,23623,23625,23626,4856],{"id":23624},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23627,16787],{},[20,23629,17129,23630,23632],{},[15,23631,21616],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[988,23634,1567,23636,23638],{"id":23635},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23637,16787],{}," return a list?",[20,23640,23641,23642,23645],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23643,23644],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[988,23647,23649,23650,2199],{"id":23648},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23651,16787],{},[20,23653,23654],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[30,23656,23658],{"className":32,"code":23657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23659,23660,23680],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23661,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23663,5671],{"class":3584},[39,23665,21287],{"class":45},[39,23667,61],{"class":53},[39,23669,21292],{"class":45},[39,23671,3591],{"class":3584},[39,23673,11478],{"class":45},[39,23675,117],{"class":53},[39,23677,7525],{"class":120},[39,23679,21303],{"class":53},[39,23681,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23683,7785],{"class":136},[39,23685,124],{"class":53},[39,23687,14550],{"class":120},[39,23689,61],{"class":53},[39,23691,8150],{"class":120},[39,23693,130],{"class":53},[988,23695,1567,23697,23699],{"id":23696},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23698,16787],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23701,23702],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[160,23704,1613],{"id":1612},[176,23706,23707,23713,23719,23724,23728],{},[179,23708,23709],{},[195,23710,10451,23711,1627],{"href":22593},[15,23712,16774],{},[179,23714,23715],{},[195,23716,10451,23717,1627],{"href":22601},[15,23718,16780],{},[179,23720,23721],{},[195,23722,23723],{"href":22181},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[179,23725,23726],{},[195,23727,8873],{"href":12734},[179,23729,23730],{},[195,23731,23732],{"href":21486},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1642,23734,23735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":23737},[23738,23739,23741,23742,23743,23745,23746,23748,23750,23759,23769],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":21346,"depth":75,"text":23740},"What items() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":21677,"depth":75,"text":21678},{"id":21902,"depth":75,"text":23744},"Looping with items()",{"id":22185,"depth":75,"text":22186},{"id":22376,"depth":75,"text":23747},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22611,"depth":75,"text":23749},"When to use items()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":23751},[23752,23754,23756,23758],{"id":22806,"depth":99,"text":23753},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23064,"depth":99,"text":23755},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23256,"depth":99,"text":23757},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23501,"depth":99,"text":23502},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":23760},[23761,23763,23765,23767],{"id":23624,"depth":99,"text":23762},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23635,"depth":99,"text":23764},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23648,"depth":99,"text":23766},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23696,"depth":99,"text":23768},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21214,"description":23770},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23777,"title":23778,"body":23779,"description":25870,"extension":1670,"meta":25871,"navigation":102,"path":22593,"seo":25872,"stem":25873,"__hash__":25874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23780,"toc":25836},[23781,23786,23792,23795,23806,23813,23815,23898,23902,23949,23954,23959,23964,23966,23982,23984,24083,24087,24144,24147,24149,24152,24245,24249,24312,24315,24331,24336,24338,24340,24355,24357,24368,24370,24413,24416,24460,24463,24465,24472,24475,24492,24494,24587,24591,24632,24644,24648,24651,24739,24743,24763,24766,24793,24800,24805,24809,24820,24822,24926,24930,24956,24959,25026,25031,25034,25057,25062,25066,25071,25077,25082,25084,25139,25143,25170,25177,25183,25186,25211,25217,25243,25246,25321,25328,25333,25335,25374,25392,25396,25399,25442,25445,25447,25466,25468,25473,25498,25501,25571,25574,25647,25651,25653,25714,25717,25733,25735,25740,25745,25752,25761,25767,25773,25780,25786,25790,25795,25797,25833],[10,23782,11032,23784,18],{"id":23783},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23785,16774],{},[20,23787,23788,23789,23791],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23790,16774],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23793,23794],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[176,23796,23797,23800,23803],{},[179,23798,23799],{},"view the available keys",[179,23801,23802],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[179,23804,23805],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23807,23808,23810,23811,117],{},[15,23809,16774],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23812,16724],{},[160,23814,1711],{"id":1710},[30,23816,23818],{"className":32,"code":23817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23819,23820,23856,23870,23874,23884],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23821,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23823,12576],{"class":45},[39,23825,50],{"class":49},[39,23827,54],{"class":53},[39,23829,562],{"class":517},[39,23831,7382],{"class":521},[39,23833,562],{"class":517},[39,23835,1250],{"class":53},[39,23837,572],{"class":517},[39,23839,12593],{"class":521},[39,23841,562],{"class":517},[39,23843,61],{"class":53},[39,23845,572],{"class":517},[39,23847,9015],{"class":521},[39,23849,562],{"class":517},[39,23851,1250],{"class":53},[39,23853,7505],{"class":57},[39,23855,72],{"class":53},[39,23857,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23859,16951],{"class":45},[39,23861,50],{"class":49},[39,23863,12619],{"class":45},[39,23865,117],{"class":53},[39,23867,16633],{"class":120},[39,23869,1609],{"class":53},[39,23871,23872],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,23873,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,23877,137],{"class":136},[39,23879,124],{"class":53},[39,23881,16633],{"class":120},[39,23883,130],{"class":53},[39,23885,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,23887,137],{"class":136},[39,23889,124],{"class":53},[39,23891,7810],{"class":478},[39,23893,124],{"class":53},[39,23895,16633],{"class":120},[39,23897,486],{"class":53},[20,23899,23900],{},[382,23901,353],{},[30,23903,23905],{"className":32,"code":23904,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23906,23907,23929],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23908,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23910,16724],{"class":120},[39,23912,917],{"class":53},[39,23914,524],{"class":517},[39,23916,7382],{"class":521},[39,23918,524],{"class":517},[39,23920,61],{"class":53},[39,23922,518],{"class":517},[39,23924,9015],{"class":521},[39,23926,524],{"class":517},[39,23928,3597],{"class":53},[39,23930,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,23932,3609],{"class":53},[39,23934,524],{"class":517},[39,23936,7382],{"class":521},[39,23938,524],{"class":517},[39,23940,61],{"class":53},[39,23942,518],{"class":517},[39,23944,9015],{"class":521},[39,23946,524],{"class":517},[39,23948,3340],{"class":53},[20,23950,154,23951,23953],{},[15,23952,16774],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[160,23955,3383,23957,3386],{"id":23956},"what-keys-does",[15,23958,16774],{},[20,23960,23961,23963],{},[15,23962,16774],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23965,11172],{},[176,23967,23968,23971,23974,23979],{},[179,23969,23970],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[179,23972,23973],{},"It does not need any arguments",[179,23975,17129,23976,23978],{},[15,23977,16724],{}," view object, not a list",[179,23980,23981],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23983,267],{},[30,23985,23987],{"className":32,"code":23986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23988,23989,24025,24029,24043,24047,24069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23990,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23992,12913],{"class":45},[39,23994,50],{"class":49},[39,23996,54],{"class":53},[39,23998,562],{"class":517},[39,24000,7382],{"class":521},[39,24002,562],{"class":517},[39,24004,1250],{"class":53},[39,24006,572],{"class":517},[39,24008,12930],{"class":521},[39,24010,562],{"class":517},[39,24012,61],{"class":53},[39,24014,572],{"class":517},[39,24016,9015],{"class":521},[39,24018,562],{"class":517},[39,24020,1250],{"class":53},[39,24022,9022],{"class":57},[39,24024,72],{"class":53},[39,24026,24027],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24028,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24032,137],{"class":136},[39,24034,124],{"class":53},[39,24036,17016],{"class":120},[39,24038,117],{"class":53},[39,24040,16633],{"class":120},[39,24042,6907],{"class":53},[39,24044,24045],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24046,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,24050,17016],{"class":45},[39,24052,3609],{"class":53},[39,24054,562],{"class":517},[39,24056,10124],{"class":521},[39,24058,562],{"class":517},[39,24060,12982],{"class":53},[39,24062,12985],{"class":49},[39,24064,572],{"class":517},[39,24066,10131],{"class":521},[39,24068,3062],{"class":517},[39,24070,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,24072,137],{"class":136},[39,24074,124],{"class":53},[39,24076,17016],{"class":120},[39,24078,117],{"class":53},[39,24080,16633],{"class":120},[39,24082,6907],{"class":53},[20,24084,24085],{},[382,24086,353],{},[30,24088,24090],{"className":32,"code":24089,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24091,24092,24114],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24093,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24095,16724],{"class":120},[39,24097,917],{"class":53},[39,24099,524],{"class":517},[39,24101,7382],{"class":521},[39,24103,524],{"class":517},[39,24105,61],{"class":53},[39,24107,518],{"class":517},[39,24109,9015],{"class":521},[39,24111,524],{"class":517},[39,24113,3597],{"class":53},[39,24115,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24117,16724],{"class":120},[39,24119,917],{"class":53},[39,24121,524],{"class":517},[39,24123,7382],{"class":521},[39,24125,524],{"class":517},[39,24127,61],{"class":53},[39,24129,518],{"class":517},[39,24131,9015],{"class":521},[39,24133,524],{"class":517},[39,24135,61],{"class":53},[39,24137,518],{"class":517},[39,24139,10124],{"class":521},[39,24141,524],{"class":517},[39,24143,3597],{"class":53},[20,24145,24146],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[160,24148,5500],{"id":5499},[20,24150,24151],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[30,24153,24155],{"className":32,"code":24154,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24156,24157,24209,24213,24227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24158,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24160,8883],{"class":45},[39,24162,50],{"class":49},[39,24164,54],{"class":53},[39,24166,562],{"class":517},[39,24168,7382],{"class":521},[39,24170,562],{"class":517},[39,24172,1250],{"class":53},[39,24174,572],{"class":517},[39,24176,12593],{"class":521},[39,24178,562],{"class":517},[39,24180,61],{"class":53},[39,24182,572],{"class":517},[39,24184,9015],{"class":521},[39,24186,562],{"class":517},[39,24188,1250],{"class":53},[39,24190,7505],{"class":57},[39,24192,61],{"class":53},[39,24194,572],{"class":517},[39,24196,19598],{"class":521},[39,24198,562],{"class":517},[39,24200,1250],{"class":53},[39,24202,572],{"class":517},[39,24204,21952],{"class":521},[39,24206,562],{"class":517},[39,24208,72],{"class":53},[39,24210,24211],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24212,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24214,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24216,137],{"class":136},[39,24218,124],{"class":53},[39,24220,8922],{"class":120},[39,24222,117],{"class":53},[39,24224,16633],{"class":120},[39,24226,6907],{"class":53},[39,24228,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24230,137],{"class":136},[39,24232,124],{"class":53},[39,24234,7810],{"class":478},[39,24236,124],{"class":53},[39,24238,8922],{"class":120},[39,24240,117],{"class":53},[39,24242,16633],{"class":120},[39,24244,6003],{"class":53},[20,24246,24247],{},[382,24248,353],{},[30,24250,24252],{"className":32,"code":24251,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24253,24254,24284],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24255,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24257,16724],{"class":120},[39,24259,917],{"class":53},[39,24261,524],{"class":517},[39,24263,7382],{"class":521},[39,24265,524],{"class":517},[39,24267,61],{"class":53},[39,24269,518],{"class":517},[39,24271,9015],{"class":521},[39,24273,524],{"class":517},[39,24275,61],{"class":53},[39,24277,518],{"class":517},[39,24279,19598],{"class":521},[39,24281,524],{"class":517},[39,24283,3597],{"class":53},[39,24285,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24287,3609],{"class":53},[39,24289,524],{"class":517},[39,24291,7382],{"class":521},[39,24293,524],{"class":517},[39,24295,61],{"class":53},[39,24297,518],{"class":517},[39,24299,9015],{"class":521},[39,24301,524],{"class":517},[39,24303,61],{"class":53},[39,24305,518],{"class":517},[39,24307,19598],{"class":521},[39,24309,524],{"class":517},[39,24311,3340],{"class":53},[20,24313,24314],{},"This shows two things:",[176,24316,24317,24325],{},[179,24318,24319,380,24322,24324],{},[15,24320,24321],{},"data.keys()",[15,24323,16724],{}," object",[179,24326,24327,24330],{},[15,24328,24329],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24332,8869,24333,117],{},[195,24334,24335],{"href":9106},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[160,24337,5143],{"id":5142},[20,24339,1866],{},[30,24341,24343],{"className":32,"code":24342,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24344,24345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24346,24347,24349,24351,24353],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24348,11163],{"class":45},[39,24350,117],{"class":53},[39,24352,16633],{"class":120},[39,24354,1609],{"class":53},[20,24356,21508],{},[176,24358,24359,24362,24365],{},[179,24360,24361],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[179,24363,24364],{},"It takes no parameters",[179,24366,24367],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24369,16365],{},[30,24371,24373],{"className":32,"code":24372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24374,24375,24399],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24376,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24378,12576],{"class":45},[39,24380,50],{"class":49},[39,24382,54],{"class":53},[39,24384,562],{"class":517},[39,24386,7382],{"class":521},[39,24388,562],{"class":517},[39,24390,1250],{"class":53},[39,24392,572],{"class":517},[39,24394,12593],{"class":521},[39,24396,562],{"class":517},[39,24398,72],{"class":53},[39,24400,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24402,137],{"class":136},[39,24404,124],{"class":53},[39,24406,13335],{"class":120},[39,24408,117],{"class":53},[39,24410,16633],{"class":120},[39,24412,6907],{"class":53},[20,24414,24415],{},"Incorrect:",[30,24417,24419],{"className":32,"code":24418,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24420,24421,24445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24424,12576],{"class":45},[39,24426,50],{"class":49},[39,24428,54],{"class":53},[39,24430,562],{"class":517},[39,24432,7382],{"class":521},[39,24434,562],{"class":517},[39,24436,1250],{"class":53},[39,24438,572],{"class":517},[39,24440,12593],{"class":521},[39,24442,562],{"class":517},[39,24444,72],{"class":53},[39,24446,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24458],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24448,137],{"class":136},[39,24450,124],{"class":53},[39,24452,13335],{"class":120},[39,24454,117],{"class":53},[39,24456,16633],{"class":24457},"skxfh",[39,24459,130],{"class":53},[20,24461,24462],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[160,24464,375],{"id":374},[20,24466,24467,380,24469,24471],{},[15,24468,16774],{},[15,24470,16724],{}," object.",[20,24473,24474],{},"This object:",[176,24476,24477,24480,24483,24489],{},[179,24478,24479],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[179,24481,24482],{},"can be used in a loop",[179,24484,24485,24486],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24487,24488],{},"list()",[179,24490,24491],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24493,267],{},[30,24495,24497],{"className":32,"code":24496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24498,24499,24540,24544,24559,24563,24573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24500,24501,24504,24506,24508,24510,24513,24515,24517,24519,24522,24524,24526,24528,24531,24533,24535,24538],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24502,24503],{"class":45},"car ",[39,24505,50],{"class":49},[39,24507,54],{"class":53},[39,24509,562],{"class":517},[39,24511,24512],{"class":521},"brand",[39,24514,562],{"class":517},[39,24516,1250],{"class":53},[39,24518,572],{"class":517},[39,24520,24521],{"class":521},"Toyota",[39,24523,562],{"class":517},[39,24525,61],{"class":53},[39,24527,572],{"class":517},[39,24529,24530],{"class":521},"year",[39,24532,562],{"class":517},[39,24534,1250],{"class":53},[39,24536,24537],{"class":57}," 2020",[39,24539,72],{"class":53},[39,24541,24542],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24543,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24545,24546,24548,24550,24553,24555,24557],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24547,109],{"class":45},[39,24549,50],{"class":49},[39,24551,24552],{"class":45}," car",[39,24554,117],{"class":53},[39,24556,16633],{"class":120},[39,24558,1609],{"class":53},[39,24560,24561],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24562,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24564,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,24566,137],{"class":136},[39,24568,124],{"class":53},[39,24570,142],{"class":120},[39,24572,130],{"class":53},[39,24574,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,24576,137],{"class":136},[39,24578,124],{"class":53},[39,24580,479],{"class":478},[39,24582,124],{"class":53},[39,24584,142],{"class":120},[39,24586,486],{"class":53},[20,24588,24589],{},[382,24590,353],{},[30,24592,24594],{"className":32,"code":24593,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24595,24596,24618],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24597,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24599,16724],{"class":120},[39,24601,917],{"class":53},[39,24603,524],{"class":517},[39,24605,24512],{"class":521},[39,24607,524],{"class":517},[39,24609,61],{"class":53},[39,24611,518],{"class":517},[39,24613,24530],{"class":521},[39,24615,524],{"class":517},[39,24617,3597],{"class":53},[39,24619,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24621,510],{"class":49},[39,24623,514],{"class":513},[39,24625,518],{"class":517},[39,24627,16724],{"class":521},[39,24629,524],{"class":517},[39,24631,527],{"class":49},[20,24633,24634,24635,24639,24640,117],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[195,24636,10451,24637,1627],{"href":16777},[15,24638,16780],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[195,24641,10451,24642,1627],{"href":16784},[15,24643,16787],{},[160,24645,24647],{"id":24646},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24649,24650],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[30,24652,24654],{"className":32,"code":24653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24655,24656,24709,24713,24729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24657,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24705,24707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24659,12576],{"class":45},[39,24661,50],{"class":49},[39,24663,54],{"class":53},[39,24665,562],{"class":517},[39,24667,7382],{"class":521},[39,24669,562],{"class":517},[39,24671,1250],{"class":53},[39,24673,572],{"class":517},[39,24675,12593],{"class":521},[39,24677,562],{"class":517},[39,24679,61],{"class":53},[39,24681,572],{"class":517},[39,24683,9015],{"class":521},[39,24685,562],{"class":517},[39,24687,1250],{"class":53},[39,24689,7505],{"class":57},[39,24691,61],{"class":53},[39,24693,572],{"class":517},[39,24695,15038],{"class":521},[39,24697,562],{"class":517},[39,24699,1250],{"class":53},[39,24701,572],{"class":517},[39,24703,24704],{"class":521},"Math",[39,24706,562],{"class":517},[39,24708,72],{"class":53},[39,24710,24711],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24712,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24714,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24716,5671],{"class":3584},[39,24718,17915],{"class":45},[39,24720,3591],{"class":3584},[39,24722,12619],{"class":45},[39,24724,117],{"class":53},[39,24726,16633],{"class":120},[39,24728,21303],{"class":53},[39,24730,24731,24733,24735,24737],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24732,7785],{"class":136},[39,24734,124],{"class":53},[39,24736,14550],{"class":120},[39,24738,130],{"class":53},[20,24740,24741],{},[382,24742,353],{},[30,24744,24746],{"className":32,"code":24745,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24747,24748,24753,24758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24749,24750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24751,24752],{"class":45},"name\n",[39,24754,24755],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24756,24757],{"class":45},"age\n",[39,24759,24760],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24761,24762],{"class":45},"course\n",[20,24764,24765],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[30,24767,24769],{"className":32,"code":24768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24770,24771,24783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24772,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24774,5671],{"class":3584},[39,24776,17915],{"class":45},[39,24778,3591],{"class":3584},[39,24780,12619],{"class":45},[39,24782,6107],{"class":53},[39,24784,24785,24787,24789,24791],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24786,7785],{"class":136},[39,24788,124],{"class":53},[39,24790,14550],{"class":120},[39,24792,130],{"class":53},[20,24794,24795,24796,24799],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24797,24798],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[160,24801,4671,24803],{"id":24802},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24804,16774],{},[20,24806,154,24807,10315],{},[15,24808,16774],{},[176,24810,24811,24814,24817],{},[179,24812,24813],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[179,24815,24816],{},"you want to display available fields",[179,24818,24819],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24821,267],{},[30,24823,24825],{"className":32,"code":24824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24826,24827,24880,24884,24899,24916],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24828,24829,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24849,24851,24853,24855,24858,24860,24862,24865,24867,24869,24872,24874,24876,24878],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24830,24831],{"class":45},"product ",[39,24833,50],{"class":49},[39,24835,54],{"class":53},[39,24837,562],{"class":517},[39,24839,7382],{"class":521},[39,24841,562],{"class":517},[39,24843,1250],{"class":53},[39,24845,572],{"class":517},[39,24847,24848],{"class":521},"Book",[39,24850,562],{"class":517},[39,24852,61],{"class":53},[39,24854,572],{"class":517},[39,24856,24857],{"class":521},"price",[39,24859,562],{"class":517},[39,24861,1250],{"class":53},[39,24863,24864],{"class":57}," 12.99",[39,24866,61],{"class":53},[39,24868,572],{"class":517},[39,24870,24871],{"class":521},"stock",[39,24873,562],{"class":517},[39,24875,1250],{"class":53},[39,24877,316],{"class":57},[39,24879,72],{"class":53},[39,24881,24882],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24883,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892,24895,24897],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24887,137],{"class":136},[39,24889,124],{"class":53},[39,24891,562],{"class":517},[39,24893,24894],{"class":521},"Available fields:",[39,24896,562],{"class":517},[39,24898,130],{"class":53},[39,24900,24901,24903,24905,24907,24910,24912,24914],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24902,5671],{"class":3584},[39,24904,17915],{"class":45},[39,24906,3591],{"class":3584},[39,24908,24909],{"class":45}," product",[39,24911,117],{"class":53},[39,24913,16633],{"class":120},[39,24915,21303],{"class":53},[39,24917,24918,24920,24922,24924],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,24919,7785],{"class":136},[39,24921,124],{"class":53},[39,24923,14550],{"class":120},[39,24925,130],{"class":53},[20,24927,24928],{},[382,24929,353],{},[30,24931,24933],{"className":32,"code":24932,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24934,24935,24942,24946,24951],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24936,24937,24940],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24938,24939],{"class":45},"Available fields",[39,24941,6107],{"class":53},[39,24943,24944],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,24945,24752],{"class":45},[39,24947,24948],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,24949,24950],{"class":45},"price\n",[39,24952,24953],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,24954,24955],{"class":45},"stock\n",[20,24957,24958],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[30,24960,24962],{"className":32,"code":24961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24963,24964,25000,25004],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24965,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24967,24831],{"class":45},[39,24969,50],{"class":49},[39,24971,54],{"class":53},[39,24973,562],{"class":517},[39,24975,7382],{"class":521},[39,24977,562],{"class":517},[39,24979,1250],{"class":53},[39,24981,572],{"class":517},[39,24983,24848],{"class":521},[39,24985,562],{"class":517},[39,24987,61],{"class":53},[39,24989,572],{"class":517},[39,24991,24857],{"class":521},[39,24993,562],{"class":517},[39,24995,1250],{"class":53},[39,24997,24864],{"class":57},[39,24999,72],{"class":53},[39,25001,25002],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25003,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,25005,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25007,137],{"class":136},[39,25009,124],{"class":53},[39,25011,562],{"class":517},[39,25013,7382],{"class":521},[39,25015,562],{"class":517},[39,25017,20881],{"class":3584},[39,25019,24909],{"class":120},[39,25021,117],{"class":53},[39,25023,16633],{"class":120},[39,25025,6907],{"class":53},[20,25027,25028,25029,117],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25030,3308],{},[20,25032,25033],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[30,25035,25037],{"className":32,"code":25036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25038,25039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25040,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25042,137],{"class":136},[39,25044,124],{"class":53},[39,25046,562],{"class":517},[39,25048,7382],{"class":521},[39,25050,562],{"class":517},[39,25052,20881],{"class":3584},[39,25054,24909],{"class":120},[39,25056,130],{"class":53},[20,25058,25059,25060,117],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[195,25061,20914],{"href":16862},[160,25063,25065],{"id":25064},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25067,25068,25069,117],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25070,16774],{},[988,25072,8170,25074,25076],{"id":25073},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25075,16774],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25078,25079,25081],{},[15,25080,16774],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25083,267],{},[30,25085,25087],{"className":32,"code":25086,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25088,25089,25125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25090,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25092,8883],{"class":45},[39,25094,50],{"class":49},[39,25096,54],{"class":53},[39,25098,562],{"class":517},[39,25100,7382],{"class":521},[39,25102,562],{"class":517},[39,25104,1250],{"class":53},[39,25106,572],{"class":517},[39,25108,12593],{"class":521},[39,25110,562],{"class":517},[39,25112,61],{"class":53},[39,25114,572],{"class":517},[39,25116,9015],{"class":521},[39,25118,562],{"class":517},[39,25120,1250],{"class":53},[39,25122,7505],{"class":57},[39,25124,72],{"class":53},[39,25126,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25128,137],{"class":136},[39,25130,124],{"class":53},[39,25132,8922],{"class":120},[39,25134,117],{"class":53},[39,25136,16633],{"class":120},[39,25138,6907],{"class":53},[20,25140,25141],{},[382,25142,353],{},[30,25144,25146],{"className":32,"code":25145,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25147,25148],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25149,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25151,16724],{"class":120},[39,25153,917],{"class":53},[39,25155,524],{"class":517},[39,25157,7382],{"class":521},[39,25159,524],{"class":517},[39,25161,61],{"class":53},[39,25163,518],{"class":517},[39,25165,9015],{"class":521},[39,25167,524],{"class":517},[39,25169,3597],{"class":53},[20,25171,25172,25173,117],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[195,25174,25175],{"href":16784},[15,25176,16787],{},[988,25178,25180,25181],{"id":25179},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25182,16724],{},[20,25184,25185],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[30,25187,25189],{"className":32,"code":25188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25190,25191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25192,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25194,3609],{"class":53},[39,25196,524],{"class":517},[39,25198,7382],{"class":521},[39,25200,524],{"class":517},[39,25202,61],{"class":53},[39,25204,518],{"class":517},[39,25206,9015],{"class":521},[39,25208,524],{"class":517},[39,25210,3340],{"class":53},[20,25212,25213,25214,25216],{},"But ",[15,25215,16774],{}," returns:",[30,25218,25219],{"className":32,"code":25145,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,25220,25221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25222,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25224,16724],{"class":120},[39,25226,917],{"class":53},[39,25228,524],{"class":517},[39,25230,7382],{"class":521},[39,25232,524],{"class":517},[39,25234,61],{"class":53},[39,25236,518],{"class":517},[39,25238,9015],{"class":521},[39,25240,524],{"class":517},[39,25242,3597],{"class":53},[20,25244,25245],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[30,25247,25249],{"className":32,"code":25248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25250,25251,25287,25306,25310],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25252,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25254,8883],{"class":45},[39,25256,50],{"class":49},[39,25258,54],{"class":53},[39,25260,562],{"class":517},[39,25262,7382],{"class":521},[39,25264,562],{"class":517},[39,25266,1250],{"class":53},[39,25268,572],{"class":517},[39,25270,12593],{"class":521},[39,25272,562],{"class":517},[39,25274,61],{"class":53},[39,25276,572],{"class":517},[39,25278,9015],{"class":521},[39,25280,562],{"class":517},[39,25282,1250],{"class":53},[39,25284,7505],{"class":57},[39,25286,72],{"class":53},[39,25288,25289,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25290,25291],{"class":45},"key_list ",[39,25293,50],{"class":49},[39,25295,22266],{"class":478},[39,25297,124],{"class":53},[39,25299,8922],{"class":120},[39,25301,117],{"class":53},[39,25303,16633],{"class":120},[39,25305,6907],{"class":53},[39,25307,25308],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25309,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,25311,25312,25314,25316,25319],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,25313,137],{"class":136},[39,25315,124],{"class":53},[39,25317,25318],{"class":120},"key_list",[39,25320,130],{"class":53},[988,25322,25324,25325,25327],{"id":25323},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25326,16774],{}," on a list or string",[20,25329,25330,25332],{},[15,25331,16774],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25334,2544],{},[30,25336,25338],{"className":32,"code":25337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25339,25340,25360],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25341,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25343,1379],{"class":45},[39,25345,50],{"class":49},[39,25347,3327],{"class":53},[39,25349,58],{"class":57},[39,25351,61],{"class":53},[39,25353,64],{"class":57},[39,25355,61],{"class":53},[39,25357,69],{"class":57},[39,25359,3340],{"class":53},[39,25361,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25363,137],{"class":136},[39,25365,124],{"class":53},[39,25367,1457],{"class":120},[39,25369,117],{"class":53},[39,25371,16633],{"class":120},[39,25373,6907],{"class":53},[20,25375,25376,25377,25380,25381,25383,25384,117],{},"You may get an ",[15,25378,25379],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25382,16774],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[195,25385,25387,25388,25391],{"href":25386},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25389,25390],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[988,25393,25395],{"id":25394},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25397,25398],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[30,25400,25402],{"className":32,"code":25401,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25403,25404,25428],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25405,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25407,8883],{"class":45},[39,25409,50],{"class":49},[39,25411,54],{"class":53},[39,25413,562],{"class":517},[39,25415,7382],{"class":521},[39,25417,562],{"class":517},[39,25419,1250],{"class":53},[39,25421,572],{"class":517},[39,25423,12593],{"class":521},[39,25425,562],{"class":517},[39,25427,72],{"class":53},[39,25429,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25431,137],{"class":136},[39,25433,124],{"class":53},[39,25435,8922],{"class":120},[39,25437,117],{"class":53},[39,25439,16633],{"class":24457},[39,25441,130],{"class":53},[20,25443,25444],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25446,18401],{},[30,25448,25450],{"className":32,"code":25449,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25451,25452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25453,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25455,137],{"class":136},[39,25457,124],{"class":53},[39,25459,8922],{"class":120},[39,25461,117],{"class":53},[39,25463,16633],{"class":120},[39,25465,6907],{"class":53},[160,25467,2537],{"id":2536},[20,25469,25470,25471,1250],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25472,16774],{},[176,25474,25475,25480,25486,25492],{},[179,25476,718,25477,25479],{},[15,25478,16774],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[179,25481,25482,25483,25485],{},"Thinking ",[15,25484,16774],{}," returns values too",[179,25487,25488,25489,25491],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25490,16724],{}," like a normal list",[179,25493,25494,25495,25497],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25496,16724],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25499,25500],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[30,25502,25504],{"className":32,"code":25503,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25505,25506,25538,25552,25556,25566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25507,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25509,8883],{"class":45},[39,25511,50],{"class":49},[39,25513,54],{"class":53},[39,25515,562],{"class":517},[39,25517,195],{"class":521},[39,25519,562],{"class":517},[39,25521,1250],{"class":53},[39,25523,5210],{"class":57},[39,25525,61],{"class":53},[39,25527,572],{"class":517},[39,25529,127],{"class":521},[39,25531,562],{"class":517},[39,25533,1250],{"class":53},[39,25535,64],{"class":57},[39,25537,72],{"class":53},[39,25539,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25541,16951],{"class":45},[39,25543,50],{"class":49},[39,25545,14276],{"class":45},[39,25547,117],{"class":53},[39,25549,16633],{"class":120},[39,25551,1609],{"class":53},[39,25553,25554],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25555,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,25557,25558,25560,25562,25564],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,25559,137],{"class":136},[39,25561,124],{"class":53},[39,25563,16633],{"class":120},[39,25565,130],{"class":53},[39,25567,25568],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,25569,25570],{"class":150},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25572,25573],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[30,25575,25577],{"className":32,"code":25576,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25578,25579,25611,25629,25633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25580,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25582,8883],{"class":45},[39,25584,50],{"class":49},[39,25586,54],{"class":53},[39,25588,562],{"class":517},[39,25590,195],{"class":521},[39,25592,562],{"class":517},[39,25594,1250],{"class":53},[39,25596,5210],{"class":57},[39,25598,61],{"class":53},[39,25600,572],{"class":517},[39,25602,127],{"class":521},[39,25604,562],{"class":517},[39,25606,1250],{"class":53},[39,25608,64],{"class":57},[39,25610,72],{"class":53},[39,25612,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25614,16951],{"class":45},[39,25616,50],{"class":49},[39,25618,22266],{"class":478},[39,25620,124],{"class":53},[39,25622,8922],{"class":120},[39,25624,117],{"class":53},[39,25626,16633],{"class":120},[39,25628,6907],{"class":53},[39,25630,25631],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25632,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,25634,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,25636,137],{"class":136},[39,25638,124],{"class":53},[39,25640,16633],{"class":120},[39,25642,3609],{"class":53},[39,25644,1826],{"class":57},[39,25646,3597],{"class":53},[160,25648,25650],{"id":25649},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25652,10827],{},[30,25654,25656],{"className":32,"code":25655,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25657,25658,25672,25682,25696],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25659,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25661,137],{"class":136},[39,25663,124],{"class":53},[39,25665,479],{"class":478},[39,25667,124],{"class":53},[39,25669,11163],{"class":120},[39,25671,486],{"class":53},[39,25673,25674,25676,25678,25680],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25675,137],{"class":136},[39,25677,124],{"class":53},[39,25679,11163],{"class":120},[39,25681,130],{"class":53},[39,25683,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25685,137],{"class":136},[39,25687,124],{"class":53},[39,25689,11163],{"class":120},[39,25691,117],{"class":53},[39,25693,16633],{"class":120},[39,25695,6907],{"class":53},[39,25697,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,25699,137],{"class":136},[39,25701,124],{"class":53},[39,25703,7810],{"class":478},[39,25705,124],{"class":53},[39,25707,11163],{"class":120},[39,25709,117],{"class":53},[39,25711,16633],{"class":120},[39,25713,6003],{"class":53},[20,25715,25716],{},"These help you confirm:",[176,25718,25719,25722,25725,25730],{},[179,25720,25721],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[179,25723,25724],{},"what data it contains",[179,25726,25727,25728,11417],{},"what ",[15,25729,16774],{},[179,25731,25732],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[160,25734,1563],{"id":1562},[988,25736,23625,25738,4856],{"id":25737},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25739,16774],{},[20,25741,17129,25742,25744],{},[15,25743,16724],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[988,25746,14612,25748,25751],{"id":25747},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25749,25750],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25753,25754,25755,25757,25758,117],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25756,16724],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25759,25760],{},"list(dict.keys())",[988,25762,25764,25765,2199],{"id":25763},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25766,25750],{},[20,25768,25769,25770,25772],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25771,5671],{}," loop.",[988,25774,25776,25777,25779],{"id":25775},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25778,16774],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25781,25782,25783,25785],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25784,16774],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[988,25787,25789],{"id":25788},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25791,154,25792,117],{},[15,25793,25794],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[160,25796,1613],{"id":1612},[176,25798,25799,25804,25810,25816,25822,25826],{},[179,25800,25801],{},[195,25802,25803],{"href":9106},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[179,25805,25806],{},[195,25807,10451,25808,1627],{"href":16777},[15,25809,16780],{},[179,25811,25812],{},[195,25813,10451,25814,1627],{"href":16784},[15,25815,16787],{},[179,25817,25818],{},[195,25819,25821],{"href":25820},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[179,25823,25824],{},[195,25825,16863],{"href":16862},[179,25827,25828],{},[195,25829,25830,25831,25391],{"href":25386},"How to fix ",[15,25832,25390],{},[1642,25834,25835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":25837},[25838,25839,25841,25842,25843,25844,25845,25847,25856,25857,25858,25869],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":23956,"depth":75,"text":25840},"What keys() does",{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":24646,"depth":75,"text":24647},{"id":24802,"depth":75,"text":25846},"When to use keys()",{"id":25064,"depth":75,"text":25065,"children":25848},[25849,25851,25853,25855],{"id":25073,"depth":99,"text":25850},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25179,"depth":99,"text":25852},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25323,"depth":99,"text":25854},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25394,"depth":99,"text":25395},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":25649,"depth":75,"text":25650},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":25859},[25860,25862,25864,25866,25868],{"id":25737,"depth":99,"text":25861},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25747,"depth":99,"text":25863},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25763,"depth":99,"text":25865},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25775,"depth":99,"text":25867},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25788,"depth":99,"text":25789},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23778,"description":25870},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25876,"title":25877,"body":25878,"description":28151,"extension":1670,"meta":28152,"navigation":102,"path":28153,"seo":28154,"stem":28155,"__hash__":28156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25879,"toc":28104},[25880,25885,25890,25893,25895,26041,26054,26059,26063,26077,26079,26182,26191,26193,26196,26234,26259,26261,26368,26370,26377,26380,26388,26390,26531,26539,26544,26548,26559,26561,26723,26726,26734,26741,26747,26844,26850,26927,26930,26942,26947,26953,26956,26960,27049,27052,27056,27160,27167,27254,27263,27265,27270,27276,27279,27325,27328,27394,27403,27409,27502,27508,27514,27557,27560,27625,27631,27723,27726,27730,27736,27761,27764,27860,27867,27869,27874,27965,27967,27995,28000,28002,28009,28012,28016,28026,28031,28034,28041,28051,28058,28066,28068,28101],[10,25881,11032,25883,18],{"id":25882},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25884,12475],{},[20,25886,25887,25889],{},[15,25888,12282],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25891,25892],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[160,25894,3313],{"id":3312},[30,25896,25898],{"className":32,"code":25897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25899,25900,25936,25960,25974,25987,25991,25996,26028],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25901,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25903,12913],{"class":45},[39,25905,50],{"class":49},[39,25907,54],{"class":53},[39,25909,562],{"class":517},[39,25911,7382],{"class":521},[39,25913,562],{"class":517},[39,25915,1250],{"class":53},[39,25917,572],{"class":517},[39,25919,12593],{"class":521},[39,25921,562],{"class":517},[39,25923,61],{"class":53},[39,25925,572],{"class":517},[39,25927,9015],{"class":521},[39,25929,562],{"class":517},[39,25931,1250],{"class":53},[39,25933,9022],{"class":57},[39,25935,72],{"class":53},[39,25937,25938,25941,25943,25945,25947,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,25939,25940],{"class":45},"removed_age ",[39,25942,50],{"class":49},[39,25944,12956],{"class":45},[39,25946,117],{"class":53},[39,25948,25949],{"class":120},"pop",[39,25951,124],{"class":53},[39,25953,562],{"class":517},[39,25955,9015],{"class":521},[39,25957,562],{"class":517},[39,25959,130],{"class":53},[39,25961,25962,25964,25966,25969,25971],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,25963,137],{"class":136},[39,25965,124],{"class":53},[39,25967,25968],{"class":120},"removed_age",[39,25970,3366],{"class":53},[39,25972,25973],{"class":150},"   # 25\n",[39,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,25977,137],{"class":136},[39,25979,124],{"class":53},[39,25981,17016],{"class":120},[39,25983,3366],{"class":53},[39,25985,25986],{"class":150},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[39,25988,25989],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,25990,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,25992,25993],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,25994,25995],{"class":150},"# Safe version with default value\n",[39,25997,25998,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26024,26026],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,25999,26000],{"class":45},"country ",[39,26002,50],{"class":49},[39,26004,12956],{"class":45},[39,26006,117],{"class":53},[39,26008,25949],{"class":120},[39,26010,124],{"class":53},[39,26012,562],{"class":517},[39,26014,14971],{"class":521},[39,26016,562],{"class":517},[39,26018,61],{"class":53},[39,26020,572],{"class":517},[39,26022,26023],{"class":521},"Not found",[39,26025,562],{"class":517},[39,26027,130],{"class":53},[39,26029,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,26031,137],{"class":136},[39,26033,124],{"class":53},[39,26035,14971],{"class":120},[39,26037,3366],{"class":53},[39,26039,26040],{"class":150},"       # Not found\n",[20,26042,154,26043,26046,26047,26050,26051,26053],{},[15,26044,26045],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26048,26049],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26052,19394],{}," when the key might not exist.",[160,26055,3383,26057,3386],{"id":26056},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26058,12282],{},[20,26060,26061,1250],{},[15,26062,12282],{},[176,26064,26065,26068,26071,26074],{},[179,26066,26067],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[179,26069,26070],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[179,26072,26073],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[179,26075,26076],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26078,267],{},[30,26080,26082],{"className":32,"code":26081,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26083,26084,26124,26128,26151,26155,26169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26085,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26087,11200],{"class":45},[39,26089,50],{"class":49},[39,26091,54],{"class":53},[39,26093,562],{"class":517},[39,26095,7382],{"class":521},[39,26097,562],{"class":517},[39,26099,1250],{"class":53},[39,26101,572],{"class":517},[39,26103,12930],{"class":521},[39,26105,562],{"class":517},[39,26107,61],{"class":53},[39,26109,572],{"class":517},[39,26111,10124],{"class":521},[39,26113,562],{"class":517},[39,26115,1250],{"class":53},[39,26117,572],{"class":517},[39,26119,10131],{"class":521},[39,26121,562],{"class":517},[39,26123,72],{"class":53},[39,26125,26126],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26127,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26129,26130,26133,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26131,26132],{"class":45},"removed_city ",[39,26134,50],{"class":49},[39,26136,11283],{"class":45},[39,26138,117],{"class":53},[39,26140,25949],{"class":120},[39,26142,124],{"class":53},[39,26144,562],{"class":517},[39,26146,10124],{"class":521},[39,26148,562],{"class":517},[39,26150,130],{"class":53},[39,26152,26153],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26154,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26156,26157,26159,26161,26164,26166],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26158,137],{"class":136},[39,26160,124],{"class":53},[39,26162,26163],{"class":120},"removed_city",[39,26165,3366],{"class":53},[39,26167,26168],{"class":150},"  # Paris\n",[39,26170,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,26172,137],{"class":136},[39,26174,124],{"class":53},[39,26176,11294],{"class":120},[39,26178,3366],{"class":53},[39,26180,26181],{"class":150},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26183,20478,26184,26187,26188,117],{},[15,26185,26186],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26189,26190],{},"\"Paris\"",[160,26192,202],{"id":201},[20,26194,26195],{},"There are two common forms:",[30,26197,26199],{"className":32,"code":26198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26200,26201,26215],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26202,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26204,11163],{"class":45},[39,26206,117],{"class":53},[39,26208,25949],{"class":120},[39,26210,124],{"class":53},[39,26212,14550],{"class":120},[39,26214,130],{"class":53},[39,26216,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26232],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26218,11163],{"class":45},[39,26220,117],{"class":53},[39,26222,25949],{"class":120},[39,26224,124],{"class":53},[39,26226,14550],{"class":120},[39,26228,61],{"class":53},[39,26230,26231],{"class":120}," default",[39,26233,130],{"class":53},[176,26235,26236,26242,26250,26256],{},[179,26237,26238,26241],{},[15,26239,26240],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[179,26243,26244,26246,26247,26249],{},[15,26245,26240],{}," raises ",[15,26248,19394],{}," if the key is missing",[179,26251,26252,26255],{},[15,26253,26254],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[179,26257,26258],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26260,267],{},[30,26262,26264],{"className":32,"code":26263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26265,26266,26298,26302,26327,26355],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26267,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26269,4774],{"class":45},[39,26271,50],{"class":49},[39,26273,54],{"class":53},[39,26275,562],{"class":517},[39,26277,18123],{"class":521},[39,26279,562],{"class":517},[39,26281,1250],{"class":53},[39,26283,19605],{"class":57},[39,26285,61],{"class":53},[39,26287,572],{"class":517},[39,26289,18132],{"class":521},[39,26291,562],{"class":517},[39,26293,1250],{"class":53},[39,26295,13216],{"class":57},[39,26297,72],{"class":53},[39,26299,26300],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26301,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26303,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26305,137],{"class":136},[39,26307,124],{"class":53},[39,26309,16098],{"class":120},[39,26311,117],{"class":53},[39,26313,25949],{"class":120},[39,26315,124],{"class":53},[39,26317,562],{"class":517},[39,26319,18123],{"class":521},[39,26321,562],{"class":517},[39,26323,5073],{"class":53},[39,26325,26326],{"class":150},"         # 90\n",[39,26328,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26330,137],{"class":136},[39,26332,124],{"class":53},[39,26334,16098],{"class":120},[39,26336,117],{"class":53},[39,26338,25949],{"class":120},[39,26340,124],{"class":53},[39,26342,562],{"class":517},[39,26344,18141],{"class":521},[39,26346,562],{"class":517},[39,26348,61],{"class":53},[39,26350,3540],{"class":57},[39,26352,5073],{"class":53},[39,26354,20475],{"class":150},[39,26356,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26358,137],{"class":136},[39,26360,124],{"class":53},[39,26362,16098],{"class":120},[39,26364,3366],{"class":53},[39,26366,26367],{"class":150},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[160,26369,375],{"id":374},[20,26371,26372,13763,26374,26376],{},[15,26373,12475],{},[382,26375,4340],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26378,26379],{},"Instead, it returns:",[176,26381,26382,26385],{},[179,26383,26384],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[179,26386,26387],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26389,267],{},[30,26391,26393],{"className":32,"code":26392,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26394,26395,26427,26431,26454,26486,26490,26504,26518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26396,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26398,8883],{"class":45},[39,26400,50],{"class":49},[39,26402,54],{"class":53},[39,26404,562],{"class":517},[39,26406,195],{"class":521},[39,26408,562],{"class":517},[39,26410,1250],{"class":53},[39,26412,5718],{"class":57},[39,26414,61],{"class":53},[39,26416,572],{"class":517},[39,26418,127],{"class":521},[39,26420,562],{"class":517},[39,26422,1250],{"class":53},[39,26424,7505],{"class":57},[39,26426,72],{"class":53},[39,26428,26429],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26430,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26432,26433,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26434,26435],{"class":45},"result1 ",[39,26437,50],{"class":49},[39,26439,14276],{"class":45},[39,26441,117],{"class":53},[39,26443,25949],{"class":120},[39,26445,124],{"class":53},[39,26447,562],{"class":517},[39,26449,195],{"class":521},[39,26451,562],{"class":517},[39,26453,130],{"class":53},[39,26455,26456,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26482,26484],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26457,26458],{"class":45},"result2 ",[39,26460,50],{"class":49},[39,26462,14276],{"class":45},[39,26464,117],{"class":53},[39,26466,25949],{"class":120},[39,26468,124],{"class":53},[39,26470,562],{"class":517},[39,26472,9454],{"class":521},[39,26474,562],{"class":517},[39,26476,61],{"class":53},[39,26478,572],{"class":517},[39,26480,26481],{"class":521},"missing",[39,26483,562],{"class":517},[39,26485,130],{"class":53},[39,26487,26488],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26489,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26491,26492,26494,26496,26499,26501],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,26493,137],{"class":136},[39,26495,124],{"class":53},[39,26497,26498],{"class":120},"result1",[39,26500,3366],{"class":53},[39,26502,26503],{"class":150},"  # 10\n",[39,26505,26506,26508,26510,26513,26515],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,26507,137],{"class":136},[39,26509,124],{"class":53},[39,26511,26512],{"class":120},"result2",[39,26514,3366],{"class":53},[39,26516,26517],{"class":150},"  # missing\n",[39,26519,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,26521,137],{"class":136},[39,26523,124],{"class":53},[39,26525,8922],{"class":120},[39,26527,3366],{"class":53},[39,26529,26530],{"class":150},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26532,26533,26534,6343],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[195,26535,26536],{"href":10450},[15,26537,26538],{},"dict.get()",[160,26540,4671,26542],{"id":26541},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26543,12475],{},[20,26545,154,26546,10315],{},[15,26547,12475],{},[176,26549,26550,26553,26556],{},[179,26551,26552],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[179,26554,26555],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[179,26557,26558],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26560,267],{},[30,26562,26564],{"className":32,"code":26563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26565,26566,26618,26622,26649,26653,26677,26681,26695,26709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26567,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26587,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26602,26604,26606,26609,26611,26613,26616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26569,24831],{"class":45},[39,26571,50],{"class":49},[39,26573,54],{"class":53},[39,26575,562],{"class":517},[39,26577,7382],{"class":521},[39,26579,562],{"class":517},[39,26581,1250],{"class":53},[39,26583,572],{"class":517},[39,26585,26586],{"class":521},"Laptop",[39,26588,562],{"class":517},[39,26590,61],{"class":53},[39,26592,572],{"class":517},[39,26594,24857],{"class":521},[39,26596,562],{"class":517},[39,26598,1250],{"class":53},[39,26600,26601],{"class":57}," 1200",[39,26603,61],{"class":53},[39,26605,572],{"class":517},[39,26607,26608],{"class":521},"discount",[39,26610,562],{"class":517},[39,26612,1250],{"class":53},[39,26614,26615],{"class":57}," 200",[39,26617,72],{"class":53},[39,26619,26620],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26621,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26623,26624,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26625,26626],{"class":45},"discount_amount ",[39,26628,50],{"class":49},[39,26630,24909],{"class":45},[39,26632,117],{"class":53},[39,26634,25949],{"class":120},[39,26636,124],{"class":53},[39,26638,562],{"class":517},[39,26640,26608],{"class":521},[39,26642,562],{"class":517},[39,26644,61],{"class":53},[39,26646,3540],{"class":57},[39,26648,130],{"class":53},[39,26650,26651],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26652,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26654,26655,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26656,26657],{"class":45},"final_price ",[39,26659,50],{"class":49},[39,26661,24909],{"class":45},[39,26663,3609],{"class":53},[39,26665,562],{"class":517},[39,26667,24857],{"class":521},[39,26669,562],{"class":517},[39,26671,12982],{"class":53},[39,26673,1929],{"class":49},[39,26675,26676],{"class":45}," discount_amount\n",[39,26678,26679],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,26680,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26682,26683,26685,26687,26690,26692],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,26684,137],{"class":136},[39,26686,124],{"class":53},[39,26688,26689],{"class":120},"discount_amount",[39,26691,3366],{"class":53},[39,26693,26694],{"class":150},"  # 200\n",[39,26696,26697,26699,26701,26704,26706],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,26698,137],{"class":136},[39,26700,124],{"class":53},[39,26702,26703],{"class":120},"final_price",[39,26705,3366],{"class":53},[39,26707,26708],{"class":150},"      # 1000\n",[39,26710,26711,26713,26715,26718,26720],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,26712,137],{"class":136},[39,26714,124],{"class":53},[39,26716,26717],{"class":120},"product",[39,26719,3366],{"class":53},[39,26721,26722],{"class":150},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26724,26725],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[160,26727,26729,980,26731],{"id":26728},"pop-vs-del",[15,26730,12475],{},[15,26732,26733],{},"del",[20,26735,10304,26736,4104,26738,26740],{},[15,26737,12475],{},[15,26739,26733],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[988,26742,154,26744,26746],{"id":26743},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26745,12475],{}," when you need the removed value",[30,26748,26750],{"className":32,"code":26749,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26751,26752,26788,26792,26814,26818,26831],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26753,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26755,12913],{"class":45},[39,26757,50],{"class":49},[39,26759,54],{"class":53},[39,26761,562],{"class":517},[39,26763,7382],{"class":521},[39,26765,562],{"class":517},[39,26767,1250],{"class":53},[39,26769,572],{"class":517},[39,26771,12593],{"class":521},[39,26773,562],{"class":517},[39,26775,61],{"class":53},[39,26777,572],{"class":517},[39,26779,9015],{"class":521},[39,26781,562],{"class":517},[39,26783,1250],{"class":53},[39,26785,9022],{"class":57},[39,26787,72],{"class":53},[39,26789,26790],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26791,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26793,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26795,21336],{"class":45},[39,26797,50],{"class":49},[39,26799,12956],{"class":45},[39,26801,117],{"class":53},[39,26803,25949],{"class":120},[39,26805,124],{"class":53},[39,26807,562],{"class":517},[39,26809,9015],{"class":521},[39,26811,562],{"class":517},[39,26813,130],{"class":53},[39,26815,26816],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26817,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26819,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26821,137],{"class":136},[39,26823,124],{"class":53},[39,26825,9015],{"class":120},[39,26827,3366],{"class":53},[39,26829,26830],{"class":150},"     # 25\n",[39,26832,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,26834,137],{"class":136},[39,26836,124],{"class":53},[39,26838,17016],{"class":120},[39,26840,3366],{"class":53},[39,26842,26843],{"class":150},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[988,26845,154,26847,26849],{"id":26846},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26848,26733],{}," when you only want deletion",[30,26851,26853],{"className":32,"code":26852,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26854,26855,26891,26895,26911,26915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26856,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26858,12913],{"class":45},[39,26860,50],{"class":49},[39,26862,54],{"class":53},[39,26864,562],{"class":517},[39,26866,7382],{"class":521},[39,26868,562],{"class":517},[39,26870,1250],{"class":53},[39,26872,572],{"class":517},[39,26874,12593],{"class":521},[39,26876,562],{"class":517},[39,26878,61],{"class":53},[39,26880,572],{"class":517},[39,26882,9015],{"class":521},[39,26884,562],{"class":517},[39,26886,1250],{"class":53},[39,26888,9022],{"class":57},[39,26890,72],{"class":53},[39,26892,26893],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26894,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26896,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26898,26733],{"class":3584},[39,26900,12956],{"class":45},[39,26902,3609],{"class":53},[39,26904,562],{"class":517},[39,26906,9015],{"class":521},[39,26908,562],{"class":517},[39,26910,3340],{"class":53},[39,26912,26913],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,26914,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26916,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,26918,137],{"class":136},[39,26920,124],{"class":53},[39,26922,17016],{"class":120},[39,26924,3366],{"class":53},[39,26926,26843],{"class":150},[20,26928,26929],{},"Difference:",[176,26931,26932,26937],{},[179,26933,26934,26936],{},[15,26935,12475],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[179,26938,26939,26941],{},[15,26940,26733],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26943,26944,26945,117],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[195,26946,12287],{"href":12286},[160,26948,26950,26951],{"id":26949},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26952,19394],{},[20,26954,26955],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[988,26957,26959],{"id":26958},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[30,26961,26963],{"className":32,"code":26962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26964,26965,26990,26994,27020,27024,27036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26966,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26986,26988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26968,11436],{"class":45},[39,26970,50],{"class":49},[39,26972,54],{"class":53},[39,26974,562],{"class":517},[39,26976,7382],{"class":521},[39,26978,562],{"class":517},[39,26980,1250],{"class":53},[39,26982,572],{"class":517},[39,26984,26985],{"class":521},"Sara",[39,26987,562],{"class":517},[39,26989,72],{"class":53},[39,26991,26992],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,26993,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,26995,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,26997,2154],{"class":45},[39,26999,50],{"class":49},[39,27001,11478],{"class":45},[39,27003,117],{"class":53},[39,27005,25949],{"class":120},[39,27007,124],{"class":53},[39,27009,562],{"class":517},[39,27011,9015],{"class":521},[39,27013,562],{"class":517},[39,27015,61],{"class":53},[39,27017,3560],{"class":3559},[39,27019,130],{"class":53},[39,27021,27022],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27023,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27025,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27027,137],{"class":136},[39,27029,124],{"class":53},[39,27031,2179],{"class":120},[39,27033,3366],{"class":53},[39,27035,20268],{"class":150},[39,27037,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,27039,137],{"class":136},[39,27041,124],{"class":53},[39,27043,11163],{"class":120},[39,27045,3366],{"class":53},[39,27047,27048],{"class":150}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27050,27051],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[988,27053,27055],{"id":27054},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[30,27057,27059],{"className":32,"code":27058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27060,27061,27085,27089,27105,27128,27138,27145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27062,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27064,11436],{"class":45},[39,27066,50],{"class":49},[39,27068,54],{"class":53},[39,27070,562],{"class":517},[39,27072,7382],{"class":521},[39,27074,562],{"class":517},[39,27076,1250],{"class":53},[39,27078,572],{"class":517},[39,27080,26985],{"class":521},[39,27082,562],{"class":517},[39,27084,72],{"class":53},[39,27086,27087],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27088,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27090,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27092,6710],{"class":3584},[39,27094,572],{"class":517},[39,27096,9015],{"class":521},[39,27098,562],{"class":517},[39,27100,20881],{"class":49},[39,27102,11478],{"class":45},[39,27104,6107],{"class":53},[39,27106,27107,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27108,27109],{"class":45},"    value ",[39,27111,50],{"class":49},[39,27113,11478],{"class":45},[39,27115,117],{"class":53},[39,27117,25949],{"class":120},[39,27119,124],{"class":53},[39,27121,562],{"class":517},[39,27123,9015],{"class":521},[39,27125,562],{"class":517},[39,27127,130],{"class":53},[39,27129,27130,27132,27134,27136],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27131,7785],{"class":136},[39,27133,124],{"class":53},[39,27135,2179],{"class":120},[39,27137,130],{"class":53},[39,27139,27140,27143],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,27141,27142],{"class":3584},"else",[39,27144,6107],{"class":53},[39,27146,27147,27149,27151,27153,27156,27158],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,27148,7785],{"class":136},[39,27150,124],{"class":53},[39,27152,562],{"class":517},[39,27154,27155],{"class":521},"Key not found",[39,27157,562],{"class":517},[39,27159,130],{"class":53},[988,27161,27163,27164,27166],{"id":27162},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27165,10454],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[30,27168,27170],{"className":32,"code":27169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27171,27172,27196,27200,27226,27230,27242],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27173,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27175,11436],{"class":45},[39,27177,50],{"class":49},[39,27179,54],{"class":53},[39,27181,562],{"class":517},[39,27183,7382],{"class":521},[39,27185,562],{"class":517},[39,27187,1250],{"class":53},[39,27189,572],{"class":517},[39,27191,26985],{"class":521},[39,27193,562],{"class":517},[39,27195,72],{"class":53},[39,27197,27198],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27199,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27201,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27203,2154],{"class":45},[39,27205,50],{"class":49},[39,27207,11478],{"class":45},[39,27209,117],{"class":53},[39,27211,19457],{"class":120},[39,27213,124],{"class":53},[39,27215,562],{"class":517},[39,27217,9015],{"class":521},[39,27219,562],{"class":517},[39,27221,61],{"class":53},[39,27223,3560],{"class":3559},[39,27225,130],{"class":53},[39,27227,27228],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27229,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27231,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27233,137],{"class":136},[39,27235,124],{"class":53},[39,27237,2179],{"class":120},[39,27239,3366],{"class":53},[39,27241,20268],{"class":150},[39,27243,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,27245,137],{"class":136},[39,27247,124],{"class":53},[39,27249,11163],{"class":120},[39,27251,3366],{"class":53},[39,27253,27048],{"class":150},[20,27255,154,27256,27260,27261,117],{},[195,27257,27258],{"href":10450},[15,27259,26538],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[195,27262,10976],{"href":10788},[160,27264,1244],{"id":1243},[20,27266,27267,27268,117],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27269,12282],{},[988,27271,25482,27273,27275],{"id":27272},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27274,12475],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27277,27278],{},"Lists use indexes:",[30,27280,27282],{"className":32,"code":27281,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27283,27284,27304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27285,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27287,1379],{"class":45},[39,27289,50],{"class":49},[39,27291,3327],{"class":53},[39,27293,2037],{"class":57},[39,27295,61],{"class":53},[39,27297,7505],{"class":57},[39,27299,61],{"class":53},[39,27301,7510],{"class":57},[39,27303,3340],{"class":53},[39,27305,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27307,137],{"class":136},[39,27309,124],{"class":53},[39,27311,1457],{"class":120},[39,27313,117],{"class":53},[39,27315,25949],{"class":120},[39,27317,124],{"class":53},[39,27319,58],{"class":57},[39,27321,5073],{"class":53},[39,27323,27324],{"class":150},"  # 20\n",[20,27326,27327],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[30,27329,27331],{"className":32,"code":27330,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27332,27333,27369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27334,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27336,12913],{"class":45},[39,27338,50],{"class":49},[39,27340,54],{"class":53},[39,27342,562],{"class":517},[39,27344,7382],{"class":521},[39,27346,562],{"class":517},[39,27348,1250],{"class":53},[39,27350,572],{"class":517},[39,27352,12593],{"class":521},[39,27354,562],{"class":517},[39,27356,61],{"class":53},[39,27358,572],{"class":517},[39,27360,9015],{"class":521},[39,27362,562],{"class":517},[39,27364,1250],{"class":53},[39,27366,9022],{"class":57},[39,27368,72],{"class":53},[39,27370,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27372,137],{"class":136},[39,27374,124],{"class":53},[39,27376,17016],{"class":120},[39,27378,117],{"class":53},[39,27380,25949],{"class":120},[39,27382,124],{"class":53},[39,27384,562],{"class":517},[39,27386,9015],{"class":521},[39,27388,562],{"class":517},[39,27390,5073],{"class":53},[39,27392,27393],{"class":150},"  # 25\n",[20,27395,27396,27397,27399,27400,27402],{},"A dictionary does ",[382,27398,4340],{}," use positions with ",[15,27401,12475],{},". It uses keys.",[988,27404,4414,27406,27408],{"id":27405},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27407,12475],{}," changes the original dictionary",[30,27410,27412],{"className":32,"code":27411,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27413,27414,27446,27450,27472,27476,27489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27415,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27417,8883],{"class":45},[39,27419,50],{"class":49},[39,27421,54],{"class":53},[39,27423,562],{"class":517},[39,27425,1880],{"class":521},[39,27427,562],{"class":517},[39,27429,1250],{"class":53},[39,27431,5210],{"class":57},[39,27433,61],{"class":53},[39,27435,572],{"class":517},[39,27437,11457],{"class":521},[39,27439,562],{"class":517},[39,27441,1250],{"class":53},[39,27443,64],{"class":57},[39,27445,72],{"class":53},[39,27447,27448],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27449,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27451,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27453,2154],{"class":45},[39,27455,50],{"class":49},[39,27457,14276],{"class":45},[39,27459,117],{"class":53},[39,27461,25949],{"class":120},[39,27463,124],{"class":53},[39,27465,562],{"class":517},[39,27467,1880],{"class":521},[39,27469,562],{"class":517},[39,27471,130],{"class":53},[39,27473,27474],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27475,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27477,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27479,137],{"class":136},[39,27481,124],{"class":53},[39,27483,2179],{"class":120},[39,27485,3366],{"class":53},[39,27487,27488],{"class":150},"  # 1\n",[39,27490,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,27492,137],{"class":136},[39,27494,124],{"class":53},[39,27496,8922],{"class":120},[39,27498,3366],{"class":53},[39,27500,27501],{"class":150},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27503,27504,27505,27507],{},"After ",[15,27506,12475],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[988,27509,718,27511,27513],{"id":27510},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27512,12475],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[30,27515,27517],{"className":32,"code":27516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27518,27519,27543,27547,27552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27520,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27522,8883],{"class":45},[39,27524,50],{"class":49},[39,27526,54],{"class":53},[39,27528,562],{"class":517},[39,27530,7382],{"class":521},[39,27532,562],{"class":517},[39,27534,1250],{"class":53},[39,27536,572],{"class":517},[39,27538,7637],{"class":521},[39,27540,562],{"class":517},[39,27542,72],{"class":53},[39,27544,27545],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27546,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27548,27549],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27550,27551],{"class":150},"# This causes an error\n",[39,27553,27554],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27555,27556],{"class":150},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27558,27559],{},"Safer version:",[30,27561,27563],{"className":32,"code":27562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27564,27565,27589,27593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27566,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27568,8883],{"class":45},[39,27570,50],{"class":49},[39,27572,54],{"class":53},[39,27574,562],{"class":517},[39,27576,7382],{"class":521},[39,27578,562],{"class":517},[39,27580,1250],{"class":53},[39,27582,572],{"class":517},[39,27584,7637],{"class":521},[39,27586,562],{"class":517},[39,27588,72],{"class":53},[39,27590,27591],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27592,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27594,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27596,137],{"class":136},[39,27598,124],{"class":53},[39,27600,8922],{"class":120},[39,27602,117],{"class":53},[39,27604,25949],{"class":120},[39,27606,124],{"class":53},[39,27608,562],{"class":517},[39,27610,9015],{"class":521},[39,27612,562],{"class":517},[39,27614,61],{"class":53},[39,27616,572],{"class":517},[39,27618,26481],{"class":521},[39,27620,562],{"class":517},[39,27622,5073],{"class":53},[39,27624,26517],{"class":150},[988,27626,8170,27628,27630],{"id":27627},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27629,12475],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[30,27632,27634],{"className":32,"code":27633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27635,27636,27668,27672,27694,27698,27710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27637,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27639,8883],{"class":45},[39,27641,50],{"class":49},[39,27643,54],{"class":53},[39,27645,562],{"class":517},[39,27647,195],{"class":521},[39,27649,562],{"class":517},[39,27651,1250],{"class":53},[39,27653,5210],{"class":57},[39,27655,61],{"class":53},[39,27657,572],{"class":517},[39,27659,127],{"class":521},[39,27661,562],{"class":517},[39,27663,1250],{"class":53},[39,27665,64],{"class":57},[39,27667,72],{"class":53},[39,27669,27670],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27671,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27673,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27675,109],{"class":45},[39,27677,50],{"class":49},[39,27679,14276],{"class":45},[39,27681,117],{"class":53},[39,27683,25949],{"class":120},[39,27685,124],{"class":53},[39,27687,562],{"class":517},[39,27689,195],{"class":521},[39,27691,562],{"class":517},[39,27693,130],{"class":53},[39,27695,27696],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27697,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27699,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27701,137],{"class":136},[39,27703,124],{"class":53},[39,27705,142],{"class":120},[39,27707,3366],{"class":53},[39,27709,27488],{"class":150},[39,27711,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,27713,137],{"class":136},[39,27715,124],{"class":53},[39,27717,8922],{"class":120},[39,27719,3366],{"class":53},[39,27721,27722],{"class":150},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27724,27725],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[160,27727,27729],{"id":27728},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27731,27732,27733,27735],{},"Problems with ",[15,27734,12282],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[176,27737,27738,27741,27750,27753],{},[179,27739,27740],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[179,27742,27743,27744,27747,27748],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27745,27746],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27749,26045],{},[179,27751,27752],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[179,27754,27755,27756,10806,27758],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27757,58],{},[15,27759,27760],{},"\"1\"",[20,27762,27763],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[30,27765,27767],{"className":32,"code":27766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27768,27769,27793,27797,27827],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27770,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27772,8883],{"class":45},[39,27774,50],{"class":49},[39,27776,54],{"class":53},[39,27778,562],{"class":517},[39,27780,58],{"class":521},[39,27782,562],{"class":517},[39,27784,1250],{"class":53},[39,27786,572],{"class":517},[39,27788,6297],{"class":521},[39,27790,562],{"class":517},[39,27792,72],{"class":53},[39,27794,27795],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27796,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,27798,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27820,27822,27824],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27800,137],{"class":136},[39,27802,124],{"class":53},[39,27804,8922],{"class":120},[39,27806,117],{"class":53},[39,27808,25949],{"class":120},[39,27810,124],{"class":53},[39,27812,58],{"class":57},[39,27814,61],{"class":53},[39,27816,572],{"class":517},[39,27818,27819],{"class":521},"not found",[39,27821,562],{"class":517},[39,27823,5073],{"class":53},[39,27825,27826],{"class":150},"    # not found\n",[39,27828,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27830,137],{"class":136},[39,27832,124],{"class":53},[39,27834,8922],{"class":120},[39,27836,117],{"class":53},[39,27838,25949],{"class":120},[39,27840,124],{"class":53},[39,27842,562],{"class":517},[39,27844,58],{"class":521},[39,27846,562],{"class":517},[39,27848,61],{"class":53},[39,27850,572],{"class":517},[39,27852,27819],{"class":521},[39,27854,562],{"class":517},[39,27856,5073],{"class":53},[39,27858,27859],{"class":150},"  # one\n",[20,27861,27862,4104,27864,27866],{},[15,27863,58],{},[15,27865,27760],{}," are different keys.",[160,27868,8589],{"id":8588},[20,27870,8592,27871,27873],{},[15,27872,12475],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,27875,27877],{"className":32,"code":27876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27878,27879,27889,27903,27921,27951],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27880,27881,27883,27885,27887],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27882,137],{"class":136},[39,27884,124],{"class":53},[39,27886,11163],{"class":120},[39,27888,130],{"class":53},[39,27890,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,27892,137],{"class":136},[39,27894,124],{"class":53},[39,27896,11163],{"class":120},[39,27898,117],{"class":53},[39,27900,16633],{"class":120},[39,27902,6907],{"class":53},[39,27904,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,27906,137],{"class":136},[39,27908,124],{"class":53},[39,27910,524],{"class":517},[39,27912,7382],{"class":521},[39,27914,524],{"class":517},[39,27916,20881],{"class":3584},[39,27918,11478],{"class":120},[39,27920,130],{"class":53},[39,27922,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,27924,137],{"class":136},[39,27926,124],{"class":53},[39,27928,11163],{"class":120},[39,27930,117],{"class":53},[39,27932,25949],{"class":120},[39,27934,124],{"class":53},[39,27936,524],{"class":517},[39,27938,7382],{"class":521},[39,27940,524],{"class":517},[39,27942,61],{"class":53},[39,27944,518],{"class":517},[39,27946,26481],{"class":521},[39,27948,524],{"class":517},[39,27950,486],{"class":53},[39,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,27954,137],{"class":136},[39,27956,124],{"class":53},[39,27958,479],{"class":478},[39,27960,124],{"class":53},[39,27962,11163],{"class":120},[39,27964,486],{"class":53},[20,27966,21044],{},[176,27968,27969,27974,27979,27984,27990],{},[179,27970,27971,27973],{},[15,27972,12392],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[179,27975,27976,27978],{},[15,27977,21056],{}," shows all available keys",[179,27980,27981,27983],{},[15,27982,21062],{}," checks whether a key exists",[179,27985,27986,27989],{},[15,27987,27988],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[179,27991,27992,27994],{},[15,27993,12398],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27996,27997,27998,117],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[195,27999,9107],{"href":9106},[160,28001,1563],{"id":1562},[988,28003,28005,28006,28008],{"id":28004},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28007,12475],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28010,28011],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[988,28013,28015],{"id":28014},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28017,28018,26246,28020,28022,28023,28025],{},[15,28019,26045],{},[15,28021,19394],{},". ",[15,28024,26049],{}," returns the default value instead.",[988,28027,1567,28029,14605],{"id":28028},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28030,12475],{},[20,28032,28033],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[988,28035,28037,28038,28040],{"id":28036},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28039,12475],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28042,28043,28044,28046,28047,117],{},"Not with ",[15,28045,12282],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[195,28048,28049],{"href":12293},[15,28050,12482],{},[988,28052,4890,28054,4104,28056,2199],{"id":28053},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28055,10454],{},[15,28057,12475],{},[20,28059,28060,28062,28063,28065],{},[15,28061,10454],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28064,12475],{}," reads and removes it.",[160,28067,1613],{"id":1612},[176,28069,28070,28076,28083,28087,28091,28095],{},[179,28071,28072],{},[195,28073,28074],{"href":10450},[15,28075,19375],{},[179,28077,28078],{},[195,28079,28080],{"href":12293},[15,28081,28082],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[179,28084,28085],{},[195,28086,12499],{"href":12286},[179,28088,28089],{},[195,28090,21165],{"href":16306},[179,28092,28093],{},[195,28094,10976],{"href":10788},[179,28096,28097],{},[195,28098,28100],{"href":28099},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1642,28102,28103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":28105},[28106,28107,28109,28110,28111,28113,28120,28127,28137,28138,28139,28150],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":26056,"depth":75,"text":28108},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":26541,"depth":75,"text":28112},"When to use pop()",{"id":26728,"depth":75,"text":28114,"children":28115},"pop() vs del",[28116,28118],{"id":26743,"depth":99,"text":28117},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26846,"depth":99,"text":28119},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26949,"depth":75,"text":28121,"children":28122},"How to avoid KeyError",[28123,28124,28125],{"id":26958,"depth":99,"text":26959},{"id":27054,"depth":99,"text":27055},{"id":27162,"depth":99,"text":28126},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":28128},[28129,28131,28133,28135],{"id":27272,"depth":99,"text":28130},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27405,"depth":99,"text":28132},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27510,"depth":99,"text":28134},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27627,"depth":99,"text":28136},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27728,"depth":75,"text":27729},{"id":8588,"depth":75,"text":8589},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":28140},[28141,28143,28144,28146,28148],{"id":28004,"depth":99,"text":28142},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28014,"depth":99,"text":28015},{"id":28028,"depth":99,"text":28145},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28036,"depth":99,"text":28147},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28053,"depth":99,"text":28149},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25877,"description":28151},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28158,"title":28082,"body":28159,"description":30098,"extension":1670,"meta":30099,"navigation":102,"path":30100,"seo":30101,"stem":30102,"__hash__":30103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28160,"toc":30062},[28161,28166,28171,28174,28182,28192,28194,28283,28287,28336,28341,28346,28350,28366,28369,28371,28386,28388,28404,28411,28415,28421,28430,28432,28501,28505,28526,28529,28548,28551,28574,28576,28579,28694,28698,28757,28764,28768,28774,28899,28903,28953,28956,28960,28967,28969,29032,29036,29057,29060,29069,29084,29092,29099,29103,29115,29119,29130,29132,29278,29282,29341,29348,29353,29357,29363,29386,29391,29410,29414,29485,29492,29565,29574,29579,29584,29595,29598,29735,29740,29772,29777,29779,29783,29843,29845,29902,29905,29948,29950,29955,29961,29967,29970,29977,29985,29990,29993,30000,30008,30010,30059],[10,28162,11032,28164,18],{"id":28163},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28165,12482],{},[20,28167,22,28168,28170],{},[15,28169,12482],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28172,28173],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[176,28175,28176,28179],{},[179,28177,28178],{},"remove an item",[179,28180,28181],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28183,28184,28185,28187,28188,28191],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28186,12482],{}," removes the ",[382,28189,28190],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[160,28193,1711],{"id":1710},[30,28195,28197],{"className":32,"code":28196,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28198,28199,28243,28259,28263,28273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28200,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28202,8883],{"class":45},[39,28204,50],{"class":49},[39,28206,54],{"class":53},[39,28208,562],{"class":517},[39,28210,195],{"class":521},[39,28212,562],{"class":517},[39,28214,1250],{"class":53},[39,28216,5210],{"class":57},[39,28218,61],{"class":53},[39,28220,572],{"class":517},[39,28222,127],{"class":521},[39,28224,562],{"class":517},[39,28226,1250],{"class":53},[39,28228,64],{"class":57},[39,28230,61],{"class":53},[39,28232,572],{"class":517},[39,28234,9454],{"class":521},[39,28236,562],{"class":517},[39,28238,1250],{"class":53},[39,28240,69],{"class":57},[39,28242,72],{"class":53},[39,28244,28245,28248,28250,28252,28254,28257],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28246,28247],{"class":45},"item ",[39,28249,50],{"class":49},[39,28251,14276],{"class":45},[39,28253,117],{"class":53},[39,28255,28256],{"class":120},"popitem",[39,28258,1609],{"class":53},[39,28260,28261],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,28262,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28264,28265,28267,28269,28271],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,28266,137],{"class":136},[39,28268,124],{"class":53},[39,28270,23017],{"class":120},[39,28272,130],{"class":53},[39,28274,28275,28277,28279,28281],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,28276,137],{"class":136},[39,28278,124],{"class":53},[39,28280,8922],{"class":120},[39,28282,130],{"class":53},[20,28284,28285],{},[382,28286,353],{},[30,28288,28290],{"className":32,"code":28289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28291,28292,28308],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28293,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28295,124],{"class":53},[39,28297,524],{"class":517},[39,28299,9454],{"class":521},[39,28301,524],{"class":517},[39,28303,61],{"class":53},[39,28305,69],{"class":57},[39,28307,130],{"class":53},[39,28309,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28311,363],{"class":53},[39,28313,524],{"class":517},[39,28315,195],{"class":521},[39,28317,524],{"class":517},[39,28319,1250],{"class":53},[39,28321,5210],{"class":57},[39,28323,61],{"class":53},[39,28325,518],{"class":517},[39,28327,127],{"class":521},[39,28329,524],{"class":517},[39,28331,1250],{"class":53},[39,28333,64],{"class":57},[39,28335,72],{"class":53},[20,28337,28338,28340],{},[15,28339,12482],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[160,28342,3383,28344,3386],{"id":28343},"what-popitem-does",[15,28345,12482],{},[20,28347,28348,1250],{},[15,28349,12482],{},[176,28351,28352,28355,28360,28363],{},[179,28353,28354],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[179,28356,28357,28358],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28359,21363],{},[179,28361,28362],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[179,28364,28365],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28367,28368],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[160,28370,202],{"id":201},[30,28372,28374],{"className":32,"code":28373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28375,28376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28377,28378,28380,28382,28384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28379,15314],{"class":45},[39,28381,117],{"class":53},[39,28383,28256],{"class":120},[39,28385,1609],{"class":53},[20,28387,11172],{},[176,28389,28390,28398,28401],{},[179,28391,28392,28394,28395],{},[15,28393,12482],{}," takes ",[382,28396,28397],{},"no arguments",[179,28399,28400],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[179,28402,28403],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28405,28406,28407,6343],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[195,28408,28409],{"href":12279},[15,28410,12475],{},[160,28412,28414],{"id":28413},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28416,28417,28418,28420],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28419,12482],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28422,28423,28424,28427],"ol",{},[179,28425,28426],{},"the key",[179,28428,28429],{},"the value",[20,28431,267],{},[30,28433,28435],{"className":32,"code":28434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28436,28437,28473,28487,28491],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28438,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28440,12913],{"class":45},[39,28442,50],{"class":49},[39,28444,54],{"class":53},[39,28446,562],{"class":517},[39,28448,7382],{"class":521},[39,28450,562],{"class":517},[39,28452,1250],{"class":53},[39,28454,572],{"class":517},[39,28456,4714],{"class":521},[39,28458,562],{"class":517},[39,28460,61],{"class":53},[39,28462,572],{"class":517},[39,28464,9015],{"class":521},[39,28466,562],{"class":517},[39,28468,1250],{"class":53},[39,28470,9022],{"class":57},[39,28472,72],{"class":53},[39,28474,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28476,109],{"class":45},[39,28478,50],{"class":49},[39,28480,12956],{"class":45},[39,28482,117],{"class":53},[39,28484,28256],{"class":120},[39,28486,1609],{"class":53},[39,28488,28489],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,28490,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28492,28493,28495,28497,28499],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,28494,137],{"class":136},[39,28496,124],{"class":53},[39,28498,142],{"class":120},[39,28500,130],{"class":53},[20,28502,28503],{},[382,28504,353],{},[30,28506,28508],{"className":32,"code":28507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28509,28510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28511,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28513,124],{"class":53},[39,28515,524],{"class":517},[39,28517,9015],{"class":521},[39,28519,524],{"class":517},[39,28521,61],{"class":53},[39,28523,9022],{"class":57},[39,28525,130],{"class":53},[20,28527,28528],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[30,28530,28532],{"className":32,"code":28531,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28533,28534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28535,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28537,109],{"class":45},[39,28539,50],{"class":49},[39,28541,12956],{"class":45},[39,28543,117],{"class":53},[39,28545,28256],{"class":120},[39,28547,1609],{"class":53},[20,28549,28550],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[30,28552,28554],{"className":32,"code":28553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28555,28556],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28557,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28559,14550],{"class":45},[39,28561,61],{"class":53},[39,28563,21292],{"class":45},[39,28565,50],{"class":49},[39,28567,12956],{"class":45},[39,28569,117],{"class":53},[39,28571,28256],{"class":120},[39,28573,1609],{"class":53},[160,28575,542],{"id":541},[20,28577,28578],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[30,28580,28582],{"className":32,"code":28581,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28583,28584,28632,28636,28651,28655,28675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28585,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28616,28618,28620,28623,28625,28627,28630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28587,4774],{"class":45},[39,28589,50],{"class":49},[39,28591,54],{"class":53},[39,28593,562],{"class":517},[39,28595,28596],{"class":521},"Tom",[39,28598,562],{"class":517},[39,28600,1250],{"class":53},[39,28602,4786],{"class":57},[39,28604,61],{"class":53},[39,28606,572],{"class":517},[39,28608,12593],{"class":521},[39,28610,562],{"class":517},[39,28612,1250],{"class":53},[39,28614,28615],{"class":57}," 95",[39,28617,61],{"class":53},[39,28619,572],{"class":517},[39,28621,28622],{"class":521},"Leo",[39,28624,562],{"class":517},[39,28626,1250],{"class":53},[39,28628,28629],{"class":57}," 88",[39,28631,72],{"class":53},[39,28633,28634],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28635,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28637,28638,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,28639,28640],{"class":45},"removed_pair ",[39,28642,50],{"class":49},[39,28644,4821],{"class":45},[39,28646,117],{"class":53},[39,28648,28256],{"class":120},[39,28650,1609],{"class":53},[39,28652,28653],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,28654,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28656,28657,28659,28661,28663,28666,28668,28670,28673],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,28658,137],{"class":136},[39,28660,124],{"class":53},[39,28662,562],{"class":517},[39,28664,28665],{"class":521},"Removed:",[39,28667,562],{"class":517},[39,28669,61],{"class":53},[39,28671,28672],{"class":120}," removed_pair",[39,28674,130],{"class":53},[39,28676,28677,28679,28681,28683,28686,28688,28690,28692],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,28678,137],{"class":136},[39,28680,124],{"class":53},[39,28682,562],{"class":517},[39,28684,28685],{"class":521},"After removal:",[39,28687,562],{"class":517},[39,28689,61],{"class":53},[39,28691,4821],{"class":120},[39,28693,130],{"class":53},[20,28695,28696],{},[382,28697,353],{},[30,28699,28701],{"className":32,"code":28700,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28702,28703,28724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28704,28705,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28706,28707],{"class":45},"Removed",[39,28709,1250],{"class":53},[39,28711,933],{"class":53},[39,28713,524],{"class":517},[39,28715,28622],{"class":521},[39,28717,524],{"class":517},[39,28719,61],{"class":53},[39,28721,28629],{"class":57},[39,28723,130],{"class":53},[39,28725,28726,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28727,28728],{"class":45},"After removal",[39,28730,1250],{"class":53},[39,28732,54],{"class":53},[39,28734,524],{"class":517},[39,28736,28596],{"class":521},[39,28738,524],{"class":517},[39,28740,1250],{"class":53},[39,28742,4786],{"class":57},[39,28744,61],{"class":53},[39,28746,518],{"class":517},[39,28748,12593],{"class":521},[39,28750,524],{"class":517},[39,28752,1250],{"class":53},[39,28754,28615],{"class":57},[39,28756,72],{"class":53},[20,28758,28759,28760,28763],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28761,28762],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[160,28765,28767],{"id":28766},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28769,28770,28771,28773],{},"Because ",[15,28772,12482],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[30,28775,28777],{"className":32,"code":28776,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28778,28779,28815,28819,28838,28842,28861,28880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28780,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28782,15157],{"class":45},[39,28784,50],{"class":49},[39,28786,54],{"class":53},[39,28788,562],{"class":517},[39,28790,15168],{"class":521},[39,28792,562],{"class":517},[39,28794,1250],{"class":53},[39,28796,572],{"class":517},[39,28798,15177],{"class":521},[39,28800,562],{"class":517},[39,28802,61],{"class":53},[39,28804,572],{"class":517},[39,28806,15188],{"class":521},[39,28808,562],{"class":517},[39,28810,1250],{"class":53},[39,28812,26615],{"class":57},[39,28814,72],{"class":53},[39,28816,28817],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28818,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28820,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28832,28834,28836],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,28822,14550],{"class":45},[39,28824,61],{"class":53},[39,28826,21292],{"class":45},[39,28828,50],{"class":49},[39,28830,28831],{"class":45}," book",[39,28833,117],{"class":53},[39,28835,28256],{"class":120},[39,28837,1609],{"class":53},[39,28839,28840],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,28841,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,28843,28844,28846,28848,28850,28853,28855,28857,28859],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,28845,137],{"class":136},[39,28847,124],{"class":53},[39,28849,562],{"class":517},[39,28851,28852],{"class":521},"Key:",[39,28854,562],{"class":517},[39,28856,61],{"class":53},[39,28858,21287],{"class":120},[39,28860,130],{"class":53},[39,28862,28863,28865,28867,28869,28872,28874,28876,28878],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,28864,137],{"class":136},[39,28866,124],{"class":53},[39,28868,562],{"class":517},[39,28870,28871],{"class":521},"Value:",[39,28873,562],{"class":517},[39,28875,61],{"class":53},[39,28877,8150],{"class":120},[39,28879,130],{"class":53},[39,28881,28882,28884,28886,28888,28891,28893,28895,28897],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,28883,137],{"class":136},[39,28885,124],{"class":53},[39,28887,562],{"class":517},[39,28889,28890],{"class":521},"Dictionary:",[39,28892,562],{"class":517},[39,28894,61],{"class":53},[39,28896,28831],{"class":120},[39,28898,130],{"class":53},[20,28900,28901],{},[382,28902,353],{},[30,28904,28906],{"className":32,"code":28905,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28907,28908,28918,28928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28909,28910,28913,28915],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28911,28912],{"class":45},"Key",[39,28914,1250],{"class":53},[39,28916,28917],{"class":45}," pages\n",[39,28919,28920,28923,28925],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,28921,28922],{"class":45},"Value",[39,28924,1250],{"class":53},[39,28926,28927],{"class":57}," 200\n",[39,28929,28930,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,28931,28932],{"class":45},"Dictionary",[39,28934,1250],{"class":53},[39,28936,54],{"class":53},[39,28938,524],{"class":517},[39,28940,15168],{"class":521},[39,28942,524],{"class":517},[39,28944,1250],{"class":53},[39,28946,518],{"class":517},[39,28948,15177],{"class":521},[39,28950,524],{"class":517},[39,28952,72],{"class":53},[20,28954,28955],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[160,28957,28959],{"id":28958},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28961,28962,28963,28187,28965,117],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28964,12482],{},[382,28966,28190],{},[20,28968,267],{},[30,28970,28972],{"className":32,"code":28971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28973,28974,29018],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28975,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28977,8883],{"class":45},[39,28979,50],{"class":49},[39,28981,54],{"class":53},[39,28983,562],{"class":517},[39,28985,1880],{"class":521},[39,28987,562],{"class":517},[39,28989,1250],{"class":53},[39,28991,5210],{"class":57},[39,28993,61],{"class":53},[39,28995,572],{"class":517},[39,28997,11457],{"class":521},[39,28999,562],{"class":517},[39,29001,1250],{"class":53},[39,29003,64],{"class":57},[39,29005,61],{"class":53},[39,29007,572],{"class":517},[39,29009,21784],{"class":521},[39,29011,562],{"class":517},[39,29013,1250],{"class":53},[39,29015,69],{"class":57},[39,29017,72],{"class":53},[39,29019,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29021,137],{"class":136},[39,29023,124],{"class":53},[39,29025,8922],{"class":120},[39,29027,117],{"class":53},[39,29029,28256],{"class":120},[39,29031,6907],{"class":53},[20,29033,29034],{},[382,29035,353],{},[30,29037,29039],{"className":32,"code":29038,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29040,29041],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29042,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29044,124],{"class":53},[39,29046,524],{"class":517},[39,29048,21784],{"class":521},[39,29050,524],{"class":517},[39,29052,61],{"class":53},[39,29054,69],{"class":57},[39,29056,130],{"class":53},[20,29058,29059],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29061,29062,29063,29065,29066,29068],{},"As a beginner, do ",[382,29064,4340],{}," think of ",[15,29067,12482],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29070,29071,29072,1896,29076,16781,29080,117],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[195,29073,29074],{"href":16784},[15,29075,16787],{},[195,29077,29078],{"href":16771},[15,29079,16774],{},[195,29081,29082],{"href":16777},[15,29083,16780],{},[160,29085,29087,29088,4104,29090],{"id":29086},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29089,12482],{},[15,29091,12475],{},[20,29093,29094,4104,29096,29098],{},[15,29095,12482],{},[15,29097,12475],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[988,29100,29101],{"id":28256},[15,29102,12482],{},[176,29104,29105,29108,29111],{},[179,29106,29107],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[179,29109,29110],{},"does not need a key argument",[179,29112,3398,29113],{},[15,29114,21363],{},[988,29116,29117],{"id":25949},[15,29118,12475],{},[176,29120,29121,29124,29127],{},[179,29122,29123],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[179,29125,29126],{},"needs the key name",[179,29128,29129],{},"returns only the value",[20,29131,267],{},[30,29133,29135],{"className":32,"code":29134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29136,29137,29181,29185,29199,29219,29223,29245,29264,29268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29138,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29140,8883],{"class":45},[39,29142,50],{"class":49},[39,29144,54],{"class":53},[39,29146,562],{"class":517},[39,29148,195],{"class":521},[39,29150,562],{"class":517},[39,29152,1250],{"class":53},[39,29154,5210],{"class":57},[39,29156,61],{"class":53},[39,29158,572],{"class":517},[39,29160,127],{"class":521},[39,29162,562],{"class":517},[39,29164,1250],{"class":53},[39,29166,64],{"class":57},[39,29168,61],{"class":53},[39,29170,572],{"class":517},[39,29172,9454],{"class":521},[39,29174,562],{"class":517},[39,29176,1250],{"class":53},[39,29178,69],{"class":57},[39,29180,72],{"class":53},[39,29182,29183],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29184,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29186,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29188,28247],{"class":45},[39,29190,50],{"class":49},[39,29192,14276],{"class":45},[39,29194,117],{"class":53},[39,29196,28256],{"class":120},[39,29198,1609],{"class":53},[39,29200,29201,29203,29205,29207,29210,29212,29214,29217],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,29202,137],{"class":136},[39,29204,124],{"class":53},[39,29206,562],{"class":517},[39,29208,29209],{"class":521},"popitem():",[39,29211,562],{"class":517},[39,29213,61],{"class":53},[39,29215,29216],{"class":120}," item",[39,29218,130],{"class":53},[39,29220,29221],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,29222,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29224,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,29226,2154],{"class":45},[39,29228,50],{"class":49},[39,29230,14276],{"class":45},[39,29232,117],{"class":53},[39,29234,25949],{"class":120},[39,29236,124],{"class":53},[39,29238,562],{"class":517},[39,29240,195],{"class":521},[39,29242,562],{"class":517},[39,29244,130],{"class":53},[39,29246,29247,29249,29251,29253,29256,29258,29260,29262],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,29248,137],{"class":136},[39,29250,124],{"class":53},[39,29252,562],{"class":517},[39,29254,29255],{"class":521},"pop('a'):",[39,29257,562],{"class":517},[39,29259,61],{"class":53},[39,29261,8150],{"class":120},[39,29263,130],{"class":53},[39,29265,29266],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,29267,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29269,29270,29272,29274,29276],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,29271,137],{"class":136},[39,29273,124],{"class":53},[39,29275,8922],{"class":120},[39,29277,130],{"class":53},[20,29279,29280],{},[382,29281,353],{},[30,29283,29285],{"className":32,"code":29284,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29286,29287,29308,29325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29288,29289,29291,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29290,28256],{"class":120},[39,29292,29293],{"class":53},"():",[39,29295,933],{"class":53},[39,29297,524],{"class":517},[39,29299,9454],{"class":521},[39,29301,524],{"class":517},[39,29303,61],{"class":53},[39,29305,69],{"class":57},[39,29307,130],{"class":53},[39,29309,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29311,25949],{"class":120},[39,29313,124],{"class":53},[39,29315,524],{"class":517},[39,29317,195],{"class":521},[39,29319,524],{"class":517},[39,29321,16161],{"class":53},[39,29323,29324],{"class":57}," 1\n",[39,29326,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337,29339],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29328,363],{"class":53},[39,29330,524],{"class":517},[39,29332,127],{"class":521},[39,29334,524],{"class":517},[39,29336,1250],{"class":53},[39,29338,64],{"class":57},[39,29340,72],{"class":53},[20,29342,154,29343,29347],{},[195,29344,29345],{"href":12279},[15,29346,12475],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29349,154,29350,29352],{},[15,29351,12482],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[160,29354,29356],{"id":29355},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29358,29359,29360,29362],{},"Calling ",[15,29361,12482],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[30,29364,29366],{"className":32,"code":29365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29367,29368,29376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29369,29370,29372,29374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29371,8883],{"class":45},[39,29373,50],{"class":49},[39,29375,9553],{"class":53},[39,29377,29378,29380,29382,29384],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29379,8922],{"class":45},[39,29381,117],{"class":53},[39,29383,28256],{"class":120},[39,29385,1609],{"class":53},[20,29387,29388],{},[382,29389,29390],{},"Error:",[30,29392,29394],{"className":32,"code":29393,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29395,29396],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29397,29398,29400,29402,29404,29407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29399,19394],{"class":478},[39,29401,1250],{"class":53},[39,29403,518],{"class":517},[39,29405,29406],{"class":521},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29408,29409],{"class":517},"'\n",[988,29411,29413],{"id":29412},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[30,29415,29417],{"className":32,"code":29416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29418,29419,29427,29431,29439,29454,29464,29470],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29420,29421,29423,29425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29422,8883],{"class":45},[39,29424,50],{"class":49},[39,29426,9553],{"class":53},[39,29428,29429],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29430,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29432,29433,29435,29437],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29434,6710],{"class":3584},[39,29436,14276],{"class":45},[39,29438,6107],{"class":53},[39,29440,29441,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,29442,29443],{"class":45},"    item ",[39,29445,50],{"class":49},[39,29447,14276],{"class":45},[39,29449,117],{"class":53},[39,29451,28256],{"class":120},[39,29453,1609],{"class":53},[39,29455,29456,29458,29460,29462],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,29457,7785],{"class":136},[39,29459,124],{"class":53},[39,29461,23017],{"class":120},[39,29463,130],{"class":53},[39,29465,29466,29468],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,29467,27142],{"class":3584},[39,29469,6107],{"class":53},[39,29471,29472,29474,29476,29478,29481,29483],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,29473,7785],{"class":136},[39,29475,124],{"class":53},[39,29477,562],{"class":517},[39,29479,29480],{"class":521},"Dictionary is empty",[39,29482,562],{"class":517},[39,29484,130],{"class":53},[988,29486,29488,29489],{"id":29487},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29490,29491],{},"try-except",[30,29493,29495],{"className":32,"code":29494,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29496,29497,29505,29509,29516,29530,29540,29550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29498,29499,29501,29503],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29500,8883],{"class":45},[39,29502,50],{"class":49},[39,29504,9553],{"class":53},[39,29506,29507],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29508,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29510,29511,29514],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29512,29513],{"class":3584},"try",[39,29515,6107],{"class":53},[39,29517,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,29519,29443],{"class":45},[39,29521,50],{"class":49},[39,29523,14276],{"class":45},[39,29525,117],{"class":53},[39,29527,28256],{"class":120},[39,29529,1609],{"class":53},[39,29531,29532,29534,29536,29538],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,29533,7785],{"class":136},[39,29535,124],{"class":53},[39,29537,23017],{"class":120},[39,29539,130],{"class":53},[39,29541,29542,29545,29548],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,29543,29544],{"class":3584},"except",[39,29546,29547],{"class":478}," KeyError",[39,29549,6107],{"class":53},[39,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558,29561,29563],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,29553,7785],{"class":136},[39,29555,124],{"class":53},[39,29557,562],{"class":517},[39,29559,29560],{"class":521},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[39,29562,562],{"class":517},[39,29564,130],{"class":53},[20,29566,29567,29568,117],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[195,29569,25387,29571],{"href":29570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29572,29573],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[160,29575,4671,29577],{"id":29576},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29578,12482],{},[20,29580,29581,29583],{},[15,29582,12482],{}," is useful when:",[176,29585,29586,29589,29592],{},[179,29587,29588],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[179,29590,29591],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[179,29593,29594],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29596,29597],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[30,29599,29601],{"className":32,"code":29600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29602,29603,29612,29632,29652,29670,29674,29678,29688,29707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29604,29605,29608,29610],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29606,29607],{"class":45},"tasks ",[39,29609,50],{"class":49},[39,29611,11205],{"class":53},[39,29613,29614,29616,29619,29621,29623,29625,29628,29630],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29615,11210],{"class":517},[39,29617,29618],{"class":521},"first",[39,29620,562],{"class":517},[39,29622,1250],{"class":53},[39,29624,572],{"class":517},[39,29626,29627],{"class":521},"wash dishes",[39,29629,562],{"class":517},[39,29631,11226],{"class":53},[39,29633,29634,29636,29639,29641,29643,29645,29648,29650],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29635,11210],{"class":517},[39,29637,29638],{"class":521},"second",[39,29640,562],{"class":517},[39,29642,1250],{"class":53},[39,29644,572],{"class":517},[39,29646,29647],{"class":521},"do homework",[39,29649,562],{"class":517},[39,29651,11226],{"class":53},[39,29653,29654,29656,29659,29661,29663,29665,29668],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,29655,11210],{"class":517},[39,29657,29658],{"class":521},"third",[39,29660,562],{"class":517},[39,29662,1250],{"class":53},[39,29664,572],{"class":517},[39,29666,29667],{"class":521},"read book",[39,29669,3062],{"class":517},[39,29671,29672],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,29673,72],{"class":53},[39,29675,29676],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,29677,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29679,29680,29683,29686],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,29681,29682],{"class":3584},"while",[39,29684,29685],{"class":45}," tasks",[39,29687,6107],{"class":53},[39,29689,29690,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,29691,29692],{"class":45},"    key",[39,29694,61],{"class":53},[39,29696,21292],{"class":45},[39,29698,50],{"class":49},[39,29700,29685],{"class":45},[39,29702,117],{"class":53},[39,29704,28256],{"class":120},[39,29706,1609],{"class":53},[39,29708,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,29710,7785],{"class":136},[39,29712,124],{"class":53},[39,29714,22001],{"class":513},[39,29716,562],{"class":521},[39,29718,363],{"class":57},[39,29720,14550],{"class":120},[39,29722,22010],{"class":57},[39,29724,22013],{"class":521},[39,29726,363],{"class":57},[39,29728,2179],{"class":120},[39,29730,22010],{"class":57},[39,29732,562],{"class":521},[39,29734,130],{"class":53},[20,29736,29737],{},[382,29738,29739],{},"Possible output:",[30,29741,29743],{"className":32,"code":29742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29744,29745,29754,29763],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29746,29747,29749,29751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29748,29658],{"class":45},[39,29750,1250],{"class":53},[39,29752,29753],{"class":45}," read book\n",[39,29755,29756,29758,29760],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29757,29638],{"class":45},[39,29759,1250],{"class":53},[39,29761,29762],{"class":45}," do homework\n",[39,29764,29765,29767,29769],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29766,29618],{"class":45},[39,29768,1250],{"class":53},[39,29770,29771],{"class":45}," wash dishes\n",[20,29773,28770,29774,29776],{},[15,29775,12482],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[160,29778,2537],{"id":2536},[20,29780,1247,29781,1250],{},[15,29782,12482],{},[176,29784,29785,29799,29818,29829],{},[179,29786,29787,29792],{},[382,29788,29359,29789,29791],{},[15,29790,12482],{}," on an empty dictionary",[176,29793,29794],{},[179,29795,29796,29797,117],{},"This raises ",[15,29798,19394],{},[179,29800,29801,29806],{},[382,29802,8170,29803,29805],{},[15,29804,12482],{}," to remove a specific key",[176,29807,29808,29811],{},[179,29809,29810],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[179,29812,154,29813,29817],{},[195,29814,29815],{"href":12279},[15,29816,12475],{}," if you need that.",[179,29819,29820,29824],{},[382,29821,4414,29822,27408],{},[15,29823,12482],{},[176,29825,29826],{},[179,29827,29828],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[179,29830,29831,29834],{},[382,29832,29833],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[176,29835,29836],{},[179,29837,29838,380,29840,29842],{},[15,29839,12482],{},[15,29841,21363],{}," tuple.",[20,29844,1304],{},[30,29846,29848],{"className":32,"code":29847,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29849,29850,29860,29874,29878,29892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29851,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29853,137],{"class":136},[39,29855,124],{"class":53},[39,29857,11163],{"class":120},[39,29859,130],{"class":53},[39,29861,29862,29864,29866,29868,29870,29872],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29863,137],{"class":136},[39,29865,124],{"class":53},[39,29867,1361],{"class":136},[39,29869,124],{"class":53},[39,29871,11163],{"class":120},[39,29873,486],{"class":53},[39,29875,29876],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29877,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,29879,29880,29882,29884,29886,29888,29890],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,29881,28247],{"class":45},[39,29883,50],{"class":49},[39,29885,11478],{"class":45},[39,29887,117],{"class":53},[39,29889,28256],{"class":120},[39,29891,1609],{"class":53},[39,29893,29894,29896,29898,29900],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,29895,137],{"class":136},[39,29897,124],{"class":53},[39,29899,23017],{"class":120},[39,29901,130],{"class":53},[20,29903,29904],{},"Or with unpacking:",[30,29906,29908],{"className":32,"code":29907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29909,29910,29928,29938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29911,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29913,14550],{"class":45},[39,29915,61],{"class":53},[39,29917,21292],{"class":45},[39,29919,50],{"class":49},[39,29921,11478],{"class":45},[39,29923,117],{"class":53},[39,29925,28256],{"class":120},[39,29927,1609],{"class":53},[39,29929,29930,29932,29934,29936],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,29931,137],{"class":136},[39,29933,124],{"class":53},[39,29935,14550],{"class":120},[39,29937,130],{"class":53},[39,29939,29940,29942,29944,29946],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,29941,137],{"class":136},[39,29943,124],{"class":53},[39,29945,2179],{"class":120},[39,29947,130],{"class":53},[160,29949,1563],{"id":1562},[988,29951,4853,29953,4856],{"id":29952},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29954,12482],{},[20,29956,29957,29958,117],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29959,29960],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[988,29962,1567,29964,29966],{"id":29963},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29965,12482],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29968,29969],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[988,29971,29973,29974,29976],{"id":29972},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29975,12482],{}," removes?",[20,29978,29979,29980,29984],{},"No. Use ",[195,29981,29982],{"href":12279},[15,29983,12475],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[988,29986,1567,29988,14605],{"id":29987},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29989,12482],{},[20,29991,29992],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[988,29994,29996,29997,29999],{"id":29995},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29998,12482],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30001,30002,30003,30005,30006,117],{},"It raises ",[15,30004,19394],{}," with the message ",[15,30007,29406],{},[160,30009,1613],{"id":1612},[176,30011,30012,30019,30025,30031,30037,30044,30048,30052],{},[179,30013,30014],{},[195,30015,30016,30018],{"href":12279},[15,30017,12475],{}," method for dictionaries",[179,30020,30021],{},[195,30022,30023,30018],{"href":16784},[15,30024,16787],{},[179,30026,30027],{},[195,30028,30029,30018],{"href":16771},[15,30030,16774],{},[179,30032,30033],{},[195,30034,30035,30018],{"href":16777},[15,30036,16780],{},[179,30038,30039],{},[195,30040,30042,30018],{"href":30041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30043,11035],{},[179,30045,30046],{},[195,30047,12499],{"href":12286},[179,30049,30050],{},[195,30051,21165],{"href":16306},[179,30053,30054],{},[195,30055,30056,30057],{"href":29570},"Fix ",[15,30058,29573],{},[1642,30060,30061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":30063},[30064,30065,30067,30068,30069,30070,30071,30072,30077,30082,30084,30085,30097],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":28343,"depth":75,"text":30066},"What popitem() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":28413,"depth":75,"text":28414},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":28766,"depth":75,"text":28767},{"id":28958,"depth":75,"text":28959},{"id":29086,"depth":75,"text":30073,"children":30074},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30075,30076],{"id":28256,"depth":99,"text":12482},{"id":25949,"depth":99,"text":12475},{"id":29355,"depth":75,"text":29356,"children":30078},[30079,30080],{"id":29412,"depth":99,"text":29413},{"id":29487,"depth":99,"text":30081},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29576,"depth":75,"text":30083},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":30086},[30087,30089,30091,30093,30095],{"id":29952,"depth":99,"text":30088},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29963,"depth":99,"text":30090},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29972,"depth":99,"text":30092},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29987,"depth":99,"text":30094},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29995,"depth":99,"text":30096},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28082,"description":30098},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30105,"title":30106,"body":30107,"description":32009,"extension":1670,"meta":32010,"navigation":102,"path":13742,"seo":32011,"stem":32012,"__hash__":32013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30108,"toc":31981},[30109,30114,30119,30122,30124,30221,30226,30231,30236,30239,30247,30250,30265,30267,30367,30369,30426,30430,30432,30435,30454,30459,30470,30473,30500,30503,30505,30562,30564,30585,30591,30596,30599,30610,30612,30720,30722,30775,30777,30789,30796,30802,30807,30810,30898,30900,30945,30948,30956,30959,30962,31031,31034,31037,31041,31044,31115,31117,31170,31173,31176,31179,31194,31197,31209,31212,31275,31277,31283,31285,31287,31366,31368,31409,31411,31476,31478,31515,31520,31525,31529,31543,31546,31669,31671,31756,31761,31763,31767,31789,31792,31872,31875,31894,31899,31901,31907,31912,31918,31921,31927,31930,31936,31941,31947,31953,31955,31978],[10,30110,11032,30112,18],{"id":30111},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30113,14663],{},[20,30115,22,30116,30118],{},[15,30117,14663],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30120,30121],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[160,30123,1711],{"id":1710},[30,30125,30127],{"className":32,"code":30126,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30128,30129,30165,30206,30216],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30130,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30132,12913],{"class":45},[39,30134,50],{"class":49},[39,30136,54],{"class":53},[39,30138,562],{"class":517},[39,30140,7382],{"class":521},[39,30142,562],{"class":517},[39,30144,1250],{"class":53},[39,30146,572],{"class":517},[39,30148,12593],{"class":521},[39,30150,562],{"class":517},[39,30152,61],{"class":53},[39,30154,572],{"class":517},[39,30156,9015],{"class":521},[39,30158,562],{"class":517},[39,30160,1250],{"class":53},[39,30162,7505],{"class":57},[39,30164,72],{"class":53},[39,30166,30167,30169,30171,30174,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30168,17016],{"class":45},[39,30170,117],{"class":53},[39,30172,30173],{"class":120},"update",[39,30175,5242],{"class":53},[39,30177,562],{"class":517},[39,30179,9015],{"class":521},[39,30181,562],{"class":517},[39,30183,1250],{"class":53},[39,30185,30186],{"class":57}," 21",[39,30188,61],{"class":53},[39,30190,572],{"class":517},[39,30192,10124],{"class":521},[39,30194,562],{"class":517},[39,30196,1250],{"class":53},[39,30198,572],{"class":517},[39,30200,15740],{"class":521},[39,30202,562],{"class":517},[39,30204,30205],{"class":53},"})\n",[39,30207,30208,30210,30212,30214],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,30209,137],{"class":136},[39,30211,124],{"class":53},[39,30213,17016],{"class":120},[39,30215,130],{"class":53},[39,30217,30218],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,30219,30220],{"class":150},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30222,154,30223,30225],{},[15,30224,14663],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[160,30227,3383,30229,3386],{"id":30228},"what-update-does",[15,30230,14663],{},[20,30232,30233,30235],{},[15,30234,14663],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30237,30238],{},"It can do two main things:",[176,30240,30241,30244],{},[179,30242,30243],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[179,30245,30246],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30248,30249],{},"Important things to know:",[176,30251,30252,30255,30258,30262],{},[179,30253,30254],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[179,30256,30257],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[179,30259,4859,30260],{},[15,30261,3484],{},[179,30263,30264],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30266,267],{},[30,30268,30270],{"className":32,"code":30269,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30271,30272,30314,30357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30273,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30310,30312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30275,12576],{"class":45},[39,30277,50],{"class":49},[39,30279,54],{"class":53},[39,30281,562],{"class":517},[39,30283,7382],{"class":521},[39,30285,562],{"class":517},[39,30287,1250],{"class":53},[39,30289,572],{"class":517},[39,30291,30292],{"class":521},"Mira",[39,30294,562],{"class":517},[39,30296,61],{"class":53},[39,30298,572],{"class":517},[39,30300,19598],{"class":521},[39,30302,562],{"class":517},[39,30304,1250],{"class":53},[39,30306,572],{"class":517},[39,30308,30309],{"class":521},"B",[39,30311,562],{"class":517},[39,30313,72],{"class":53},[39,30315,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30353,30355],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30317,13335],{"class":45},[39,30319,117],{"class":53},[39,30321,30173],{"class":120},[39,30323,5242],{"class":53},[39,30325,562],{"class":517},[39,30327,19598],{"class":521},[39,30329,562],{"class":517},[39,30331,1250],{"class":53},[39,30333,572],{"class":517},[39,30335,21952],{"class":521},[39,30337,562],{"class":517},[39,30339,61],{"class":53},[39,30341,572],{"class":517},[39,30343,10124],{"class":521},[39,30345,562],{"class":517},[39,30347,1250],{"class":53},[39,30349,572],{"class":517},[39,30351,30352],{"class":521},"Quito",[39,30354,562],{"class":517},[39,30356,30205],{"class":53},[39,30358,30359,30361,30363,30365],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,30360,137],{"class":136},[39,30362,124],{"class":53},[39,30364,13335],{"class":120},[39,30366,130],{"class":53},[20,30368,353],{},[30,30370,30372],{"className":32,"code":30371,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30373,30374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30375,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30377,363],{"class":53},[39,30379,524],{"class":517},[39,30381,7382],{"class":521},[39,30383,524],{"class":517},[39,30385,1250],{"class":53},[39,30387,518],{"class":517},[39,30389,30292],{"class":521},[39,30391,524],{"class":517},[39,30393,61],{"class":53},[39,30395,518],{"class":517},[39,30397,19598],{"class":521},[39,30399,524],{"class":517},[39,30401,1250],{"class":53},[39,30403,518],{"class":517},[39,30405,21952],{"class":521},[39,30407,524],{"class":517},[39,30409,61],{"class":53},[39,30411,518],{"class":517},[39,30413,10124],{"class":521},[39,30415,524],{"class":517},[39,30417,1250],{"class":53},[39,30419,518],{"class":517},[39,30421,30352],{"class":521},[39,30423,524],{"class":517},[39,30425,72],{"class":53},[20,30427,8869,30428,117],{},[195,30429,24335],{"href":9106},[160,30431,202],{"id":201},[20,30433,30434],{},"The basic form is:",[30,30436,30438],{"className":32,"code":30437,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30439,30440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30441,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30443,15314],{"class":45},[39,30445,117],{"class":53},[39,30447,30173],{"class":120},[39,30449,124],{"class":53},[39,30451,1442],{"class":120},[39,30453,130],{"class":53},[20,30455,30456,30458],{},[15,30457,1442],{}," can be:",[176,30460,30461,30464,30467],{},[179,30462,30463],{},"Another dictionary",[179,30465,30466],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[179,30468,30469],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30471,30472],{},"You can also use:",[30,30474,30476],{"className":32,"code":30475,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30477,30478],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30479,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30481,15314],{"class":45},[39,30483,117],{"class":53},[39,30485,30173],{"class":120},[39,30487,124],{"class":53},[39,30489,7382],{"class":8893},[39,30491,50],{"class":49},[39,30493,562],{"class":517},[39,30495,7391],{"class":521},[39,30497,562],{"class":517},[39,30499,130],{"class":53},[20,30501,30502],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30504,267],{},[30,30506,30508],{"className":32,"code":30507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30509,30510,30530,30552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30511,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30513,8883],{"class":45},[39,30515,50],{"class":49},[39,30517,54],{"class":53},[39,30519,562],{"class":517},[39,30521,195],{"class":521},[39,30523,562],{"class":517},[39,30525,1250],{"class":53},[39,30527,5210],{"class":57},[39,30529,72],{"class":53},[39,30531,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30533,8922],{"class":45},[39,30535,117],{"class":53},[39,30537,30173],{"class":120},[39,30539,5242],{"class":53},[39,30541,562],{"class":517},[39,30543,195],{"class":521},[39,30545,562],{"class":517},[39,30547,1250],{"class":53},[39,30549,5718],{"class":57},[39,30551,30205],{"class":53},[39,30553,30554,30556,30558,30560],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,30555,137],{"class":136},[39,30557,124],{"class":53},[39,30559,8922],{"class":120},[39,30561,130],{"class":53},[20,30563,353],{},[30,30565,30567],{"className":32,"code":30566,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30568,30569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30570,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30572,363],{"class":53},[39,30574,524],{"class":517},[39,30576,195],{"class":521},[39,30578,524],{"class":517},[39,30580,1250],{"class":53},[39,30582,5718],{"class":57},[39,30584,72],{"class":53},[160,30586,718,30588,30590],{"id":30587},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30589,14663],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30592,30593,30594,117],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30595,14663],{},[20,30597,30598],{},"It is useful when:",[176,30600,30601,30604,30607],{},[179,30602,30603],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[179,30605,30606],{},"Adding extra settings",[179,30608,30609],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30611,267],{},[30,30613,30615],{"className":32,"code":30614,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30616,30617,30654,30691,30695,30710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30618,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30620,13535],{"class":45},[39,30622,50],{"class":49},[39,30624,54],{"class":53},[39,30626,562],{"class":517},[39,30628,12207],{"class":521},[39,30630,562],{"class":517},[39,30632,1250],{"class":53},[39,30634,572],{"class":517},[39,30636,20635],{"class":521},[39,30638,562],{"class":517},[39,30640,61],{"class":53},[39,30642,572],{"class":517},[39,30644,13560],{"class":521},[39,30646,562],{"class":517},[39,30648,1250],{"class":53},[39,30650,30651],{"class":57}," 12",[39,30653,72],{"class":53},[39,30655,30656,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30657,30658],{"class":45},"new_settings ",[39,30660,50],{"class":49},[39,30662,54],{"class":53},[39,30664,562],{"class":517},[39,30666,13560],{"class":521},[39,30668,562],{"class":517},[39,30670,1250],{"class":53},[39,30672,13567],{"class":57},[39,30674,61],{"class":53},[39,30676,572],{"class":517},[39,30678,19830],{"class":521},[39,30680,562],{"class":517},[39,30682,1250],{"class":53},[39,30684,572],{"class":517},[39,30686,19864],{"class":521},[39,30688,562],{"class":517},[39,30690,72],{"class":53},[39,30692,30693],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,30694,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,30696,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30708],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,30698,13594],{"class":45},[39,30700,117],{"class":53},[39,30702,30173],{"class":120},[39,30704,124],{"class":53},[39,30706,30707],{"class":120},"new_settings",[39,30709,130],{"class":53},[39,30711,30712,30714,30716,30718],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,30713,137],{"class":136},[39,30715,124],{"class":53},[39,30717,13594],{"class":120},[39,30719,130],{"class":53},[20,30721,353],{},[30,30723,30725],{"className":32,"code":30724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30726,30727],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30728,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30730,363],{"class":53},[39,30732,524],{"class":517},[39,30734,12207],{"class":521},[39,30736,524],{"class":517},[39,30738,1250],{"class":53},[39,30740,518],{"class":517},[39,30742,20635],{"class":521},[39,30744,524],{"class":517},[39,30746,61],{"class":53},[39,30748,518],{"class":517},[39,30750,13560],{"class":521},[39,30752,524],{"class":517},[39,30754,1250],{"class":53},[39,30756,13567],{"class":57},[39,30758,61],{"class":53},[39,30760,518],{"class":517},[39,30762,19830],{"class":521},[39,30764,524],{"class":517},[39,30766,1250],{"class":53},[39,30768,518],{"class":517},[39,30770,19864],{"class":521},[39,30772,524],{"class":517},[39,30774,72],{"class":53},[20,30776,13118],{},[176,30778,30779,30784],{},[179,30780,30781,30783],{},[15,30782,13560],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[179,30785,30786,30788],{},[15,30787,19830],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30790,30791,30792,117],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[195,30793,30795],{"href":30794},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[160,30797,718,30799,30801],{"id":30798},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30800,14663],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30803,30804,30806],{},[15,30805,14663],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30808,30809],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[30,30811,30813],{"className":32,"code":30812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30814,30815,30835,30870,30874,30888],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30816,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30818,4774],{"class":45},[39,30820,50],{"class":49},[39,30822,54],{"class":53},[39,30824,562],{"class":517},[39,30826,18123],{"class":521},[39,30828,562],{"class":517},[39,30830,1250],{"class":53},[39,30832,19605],{"class":57},[39,30834,72],{"class":53},[39,30836,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30862,30864,30866,30868],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30838,8933],{"class":45},[39,30840,50],{"class":49},[39,30842,8938],{"class":53},[39,30844,562],{"class":517},[39,30846,18132],{"class":521},[39,30848,562],{"class":517},[39,30850,61],{"class":53},[39,30852,13216],{"class":57},[39,30854,8951],{"class":53},[39,30856,933],{"class":53},[39,30858,562],{"class":517},[39,30860,30861],{"class":521},"english",[39,30863,562],{"class":517},[39,30865,61],{"class":53},[39,30867,28629],{"class":57},[39,30869,8966],{"class":53},[39,30871,30872],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,30873,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,30875,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,30877,16098],{"class":45},[39,30879,117],{"class":53},[39,30881,30173],{"class":120},[39,30883,124],{"class":53},[39,30885,8979],{"class":120},[39,30887,130],{"class":53},[39,30889,30890,30892,30894,30896],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,30891,137],{"class":136},[39,30893,124],{"class":53},[39,30895,16098],{"class":120},[39,30897,130],{"class":53},[20,30899,353],{},[30,30901,30903],{"className":32,"code":30902,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30904,30905],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30906,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30908,363],{"class":53},[39,30910,524],{"class":517},[39,30912,18123],{"class":521},[39,30914,524],{"class":517},[39,30916,1250],{"class":53},[39,30918,19605],{"class":57},[39,30920,61],{"class":53},[39,30922,518],{"class":517},[39,30924,18132],{"class":521},[39,30926,524],{"class":517},[39,30928,1250],{"class":53},[39,30930,13216],{"class":57},[39,30932,61],{"class":53},[39,30934,518],{"class":517},[39,30936,30861],{"class":521},[39,30938,524],{"class":517},[39,30940,1250],{"class":53},[39,30942,28629],{"class":57},[39,30944,72],{"class":53},[20,30946,30947],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[176,30949,30950,30953],{},[179,30951,30952],{},"The key",[179,30954,30955],{},"The value",[20,30957,30958],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30960,30961],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[30,30963,30965],{"className":32,"code":30964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30966,30967,30987,31012,31016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30968,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30970,8883],{"class":45},[39,30972,50],{"class":49},[39,30974,54],{"class":53},[39,30976,562],{"class":517},[39,30978,195],{"class":521},[39,30980,562],{"class":517},[39,30982,1250],{"class":53},[39,30984,5210],{"class":57},[39,30986,72],{"class":53},[39,30988,30989,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,30990,30991],{"class":45},"bad_pairs ",[39,30993,50],{"class":49},[39,30995,8938],{"class":53},[39,30997,562],{"class":517},[39,30999,127],{"class":521},[39,31001,562],{"class":517},[39,31003,61],{"class":53},[39,31005,64],{"class":57},[39,31007,61],{"class":53},[39,31009,69],{"class":57},[39,31011,8966],{"class":53},[39,31013,31014],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31015,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,31017,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31029],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,31019,8922],{"class":45},[39,31021,117],{"class":53},[39,31023,30173],{"class":120},[39,31025,124],{"class":53},[39,31027,31028],{"class":120},"bad_pairs",[39,31030,130],{"class":53},[20,31032,31033],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31035,31036],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[160,31038,31040],{"id":31039},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31042,31043],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[30,31045,31047],{"className":32,"code":31046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31048,31049,31073,31105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31050,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31052,11200],{"class":45},[39,31054,50],{"class":49},[39,31056,54],{"class":53},[39,31058,562],{"class":517},[39,31060,7382],{"class":521},[39,31062,562],{"class":517},[39,31064,1250],{"class":53},[39,31066,572],{"class":517},[39,31068,28622],{"class":521},[39,31070,562],{"class":517},[39,31072,72],{"class":53},[39,31074,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31094,31096,31098,31101,31103],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31076,11294],{"class":45},[39,31078,117],{"class":53},[39,31080,30173],{"class":120},[39,31082,124],{"class":53},[39,31084,9015],{"class":8893},[39,31086,50],{"class":49},[39,31088,8911],{"class":57},[39,31090,61],{"class":53},[39,31092,31093],{"class":8893}," city",[39,31095,50],{"class":49},[39,31097,562],{"class":517},[39,31099,31100],{"class":521},"Madrid",[39,31102,562],{"class":517},[39,31104,130],{"class":53},[39,31106,31107,31109,31111,31113],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31108,137],{"class":136},[39,31110,124],{"class":53},[39,31112,11294],{"class":120},[39,31114,130],{"class":53},[20,31116,353],{},[30,31118,31120],{"className":32,"code":31119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31121,31122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31123,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31125,363],{"class":53},[39,31127,524],{"class":517},[39,31129,7382],{"class":521},[39,31131,524],{"class":517},[39,31133,1250],{"class":53},[39,31135,518],{"class":517},[39,31137,28622],{"class":521},[39,31139,524],{"class":517},[39,31141,61],{"class":53},[39,31143,518],{"class":517},[39,31145,9015],{"class":521},[39,31147,524],{"class":517},[39,31149,1250],{"class":53},[39,31151,9022],{"class":57},[39,31153,61],{"class":53},[39,31155,518],{"class":517},[39,31157,10124],{"class":521},[39,31159,524],{"class":517},[39,31161,1250],{"class":53},[39,31163,518],{"class":517},[39,31165,31100],{"class":521},[39,31167,524],{"class":517},[39,31169,72],{"class":53},[20,31171,31172],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31174,31175],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31177,31178],{},"These work:",[176,31180,31181,31185,31189],{},[179,31182,31183],{},[15,31184,9015],{},[179,31186,31187],{},[15,31188,10124],{},[179,31190,31191],{},[15,31192,31193],{},"first_name",[20,31195,31196],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[176,31198,31199,31204],{},[179,31200,31201],{},[15,31202,31203],{},"\"first name\"",[179,31205,31206],{},[15,31207,31208],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31210,31211],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[30,31213,31215],{"className":32,"code":31214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31216,31217,31225,31265],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31218,31219,31221,31223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31220,11200],{"class":45},[39,31222,50],{"class":49},[39,31224,9553],{"class":53},[39,31226,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31256,31258,31260,31263],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31228,11294],{"class":45},[39,31230,117],{"class":53},[39,31232,30173],{"class":120},[39,31234,5242],{"class":53},[39,31236,562],{"class":517},[39,31238,10227],{"class":521},[39,31240,562],{"class":517},[39,31242,1250],{"class":53},[39,31244,572],{"class":517},[39,31246,28622],{"class":521},[39,31248,562],{"class":517},[39,31250,61],{"class":53},[39,31252,572],{"class":517},[39,31254,31255],{"class":521},"user-id",[39,31257,562],{"class":517},[39,31259,1250],{"class":53},[39,31261,31262],{"class":57}," 1001",[39,31264,30205],{"class":53},[39,31266,31267,31269,31271,31273],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31268,137],{"class":136},[39,31270,124],{"class":53},[39,31272,11294],{"class":120},[39,31274,130],{"class":53},[160,31276,375],{"id":374},[20,31278,31279,2104,31281,117],{},[15,31280,14663],{},[15,31282,3484],{},[20,31284,13758],{},[20,31286,24415],{},[30,31288,31290],{"className":32,"code":31289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31291,31292,31316,31342,31346,31356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31293,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31295,12913],{"class":45},[39,31297,50],{"class":49},[39,31299,54],{"class":53},[39,31301,562],{"class":517},[39,31303,7382],{"class":521},[39,31305,562],{"class":517},[39,31307,1250],{"class":53},[39,31309,572],{"class":517},[39,31311,12593],{"class":521},[39,31313,562],{"class":517},[39,31315,72],{"class":53},[39,31317,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31319,109],{"class":45},[39,31321,50],{"class":49},[39,31323,12956],{"class":45},[39,31325,117],{"class":53},[39,31327,30173],{"class":120},[39,31329,5242],{"class":53},[39,31331,562],{"class":517},[39,31333,9015],{"class":521},[39,31335,562],{"class":517},[39,31337,1250],{"class":53},[39,31339,7505],{"class":57},[39,31341,30205],{"class":53},[39,31343,31344],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31345,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,31349,137],{"class":136},[39,31351,124],{"class":53},[39,31353,142],{"class":120},[39,31355,130],{"class":53},[39,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,31359,137],{"class":136},[39,31361,124],{"class":53},[39,31363,17016],{"class":120},[39,31365,130],{"class":53},[20,31367,353],{},[30,31369,31371],{"className":32,"code":31370,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31372,31373,31377],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31374,31375],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31376,11520],{"class":3559},[39,31378,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31380,363],{"class":53},[39,31382,524],{"class":517},[39,31384,7382],{"class":521},[39,31386,524],{"class":517},[39,31388,1250],{"class":53},[39,31390,518],{"class":517},[39,31392,12593],{"class":521},[39,31394,524],{"class":517},[39,31396,61],{"class":53},[39,31398,518],{"class":517},[39,31400,9015],{"class":521},[39,31402,524],{"class":517},[39,31404,1250],{"class":53},[39,31406,7505],{"class":57},[39,31408,72],{"class":53},[20,31410,16365],{},[30,31412,31414],{"className":32,"code":31413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31415,31416,31440,31462,31466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31417,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31419,12913],{"class":45},[39,31421,50],{"class":49},[39,31423,54],{"class":53},[39,31425,562],{"class":517},[39,31427,7382],{"class":521},[39,31429,562],{"class":517},[39,31431,1250],{"class":53},[39,31433,572],{"class":517},[39,31435,12593],{"class":521},[39,31437,562],{"class":517},[39,31439,72],{"class":53},[39,31441,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31443,17016],{"class":45},[39,31445,117],{"class":53},[39,31447,30173],{"class":120},[39,31449,5242],{"class":53},[39,31451,562],{"class":517},[39,31453,9015],{"class":521},[39,31455,562],{"class":517},[39,31457,1250],{"class":53},[39,31459,7505],{"class":57},[39,31461,30205],{"class":53},[39,31463,31464],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31465,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,31467,31468,31470,31472,31474],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,31469,137],{"class":136},[39,31471,124],{"class":53},[39,31473,17016],{"class":120},[39,31475,130],{"class":53},[20,31477,353],{},[30,31479,31481],{"className":32,"code":31480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31482,31483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31484,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31486,363],{"class":53},[39,31488,524],{"class":517},[39,31490,7382],{"class":521},[39,31492,524],{"class":517},[39,31494,1250],{"class":53},[39,31496,518],{"class":517},[39,31498,12593],{"class":521},[39,31500,524],{"class":517},[39,31502,61],{"class":53},[39,31504,518],{"class":517},[39,31506,9015],{"class":521},[39,31508,524],{"class":517},[39,31510,1250],{"class":53},[39,31512,7505],{"class":57},[39,31514,72],{"class":53},[20,31516,31517,31518,117],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[195,31519,17611],{"href":10445},[160,31521,4671,31523],{"id":31522},"when-to-use-update",[15,31524,14663],{},[20,31526,154,31527,10315],{},[15,31528,14663],{},[176,31530,31531,31534,31537,31540],{},[179,31532,31533],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[179,31535,31536],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[179,31538,31539],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[179,31541,31542],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31544,31545],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[30,31547,31549],{"className":32,"code":31548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31550,31551,31587,31602,31606,31645,31649,31659],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31552,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31554,11798],{"class":45},[39,31556,50],{"class":49},[39,31558,54],{"class":53},[39,31560,562],{"class":517},[39,31562,7382],{"class":521},[39,31564,562],{"class":517},[39,31566,1250],{"class":53},[39,31568,572],{"class":517},[39,31570,12593],{"class":521},[39,31572,562],{"class":517},[39,31574,61],{"class":53},[39,31576,572],{"class":517},[39,31578,9015],{"class":521},[39,31580,562],{"class":517},[39,31582,1250],{"class":53},[39,31584,7505],{"class":57},[39,31586,72],{"class":53},[39,31588,31589,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31590,31591],{"class":45},"updated ",[39,31593,50],{"class":49},[39,31595,11873],{"class":45},[39,31597,117],{"class":53},[39,31599,12624],{"class":120},[39,31601,1609],{"class":53},[39,31603,31604],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31605,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,31607,31608,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,31609,31610],{"class":45},"updated",[39,31612,117],{"class":53},[39,31614,30173],{"class":120},[39,31616,5242],{"class":53},[39,31618,562],{"class":517},[39,31620,9015],{"class":521},[39,31622,562],{"class":517},[39,31624,1250],{"class":53},[39,31626,30186],{"class":57},[39,31628,61],{"class":53},[39,31630,572],{"class":517},[39,31632,10124],{"class":521},[39,31634,562],{"class":517},[39,31636,1250],{"class":53},[39,31638,572],{"class":517},[39,31640,15740],{"class":521},[39,31642,562],{"class":517},[39,31644,30205],{"class":53},[39,31646,31647],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,31648,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,31650,31651,31653,31655,31657],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,31652,137],{"class":136},[39,31654,124],{"class":53},[39,31656,11845],{"class":120},[39,31658,130],{"class":53},[39,31660,31661,31663,31665,31667],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,31662,137],{"class":136},[39,31664,124],{"class":53},[39,31666,31610],{"class":120},[39,31668,130],{"class":53},[20,31670,353],{},[30,31672,31674],{"className":32,"code":31673,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31675,31676,31708],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31677,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31679,363],{"class":53},[39,31681,524],{"class":517},[39,31683,7382],{"class":521},[39,31685,524],{"class":517},[39,31687,1250],{"class":53},[39,31689,518],{"class":517},[39,31691,12593],{"class":521},[39,31693,524],{"class":517},[39,31695,61],{"class":53},[39,31697,518],{"class":517},[39,31699,9015],{"class":521},[39,31701,524],{"class":517},[39,31703,1250],{"class":53},[39,31705,7505],{"class":57},[39,31707,72],{"class":53},[39,31709,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31711,363],{"class":53},[39,31713,524],{"class":517},[39,31715,7382],{"class":521},[39,31717,524],{"class":517},[39,31719,1250],{"class":53},[39,31721,518],{"class":517},[39,31723,12593],{"class":521},[39,31725,524],{"class":517},[39,31727,61],{"class":53},[39,31729,518],{"class":517},[39,31731,9015],{"class":521},[39,31733,524],{"class":517},[39,31735,1250],{"class":53},[39,31737,30186],{"class":57},[39,31739,61],{"class":53},[39,31741,518],{"class":517},[39,31743,10124],{"class":521},[39,31745,524],{"class":517},[39,31747,1250],{"class":53},[39,31749,518],{"class":517},[39,31751,15740],{"class":521},[39,31753,524],{"class":517},[39,31755,72],{"class":53},[20,31757,31758,31759,117],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[195,31760,16307],{"href":16306},[160,31762,2537],{"id":2536},[20,31764,10461,31765,1250],{},[15,31766,14663],{},[176,31768,31769,31776,31780,31783,31786],{},[179,31770,12307,31771,31773,31774],{},[15,31772,14663],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31775,3484],{},[179,31777,8170,31778,12315],{},[15,31779,14663],{},[179,31781,31782],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[179,31784,31785],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[179,31787,31788],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31790,31791],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[30,31793,31795],{"className":32,"code":31794,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31796,31797,31807,31821,31835,31857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31798,31799,31801,31803,31805],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31800,137],{"class":136},[39,31802,124],{"class":53},[39,31804,11163],{"class":120},[39,31806,130],{"class":53},[39,31808,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,31810,137],{"class":136},[39,31812,124],{"class":53},[39,31814,479],{"class":478},[39,31816,124],{"class":53},[39,31818,8922],{"class":120},[39,31820,486],{"class":53},[39,31822,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,31824,137],{"class":136},[39,31826,124],{"class":53},[39,31828,7810],{"class":478},[39,31830,124],{"class":53},[39,31832,8922],{"class":120},[39,31834,486],{"class":53},[39,31836,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,31838,137],{"class":136},[39,31840,124],{"class":53},[39,31842,11163],{"class":120},[39,31844,117],{"class":53},[39,31846,19457],{"class":120},[39,31848,124],{"class":53},[39,31850,524],{"class":517},[39,31852,14550],{"class":521},[39,31854,524],{"class":517},[39,31856,486],{"class":53},[39,31858,31859,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,31860,31861],{"class":136},"help",[39,31863,124],{"class":53},[39,31865,8538],{"class":478},[39,31867,117],{"class":53},[39,31869,30173],{"class":24457},[39,31871,130],{"class":53},[20,31873,31874],{},"These can help you check:",[176,31876,31877,31880,31885,31888,31891],{},[179,31878,31879],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[179,31881,31882,31883],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31884,14663],{},[179,31886,31887],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[179,31889,31890],{},"Whether a key exists",[179,31892,31893],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31895,31896,31897,117],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[195,31898,10976],{"href":10788},[160,31900,1563],{"id":1562},[988,31902,1567,31904,31906],{"id":31903},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31905,14663],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31908,31909,31910,117],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31911,3484],{},[988,31913,1567,31915,31917],{"id":31914},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31916,14663],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31919,31920],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[988,31922,1577,31924,31926],{"id":31923},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31925,14663],{}," add new keys?",[20,31928,31929],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[988,31931,28037,31933,31935],{"id":31932},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31934,14663],{}," with a list?",[20,31937,31938,31939,117],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31940,10809],{},[988,31942,4890,31944,31946],{"id":31943},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31945,14663],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31948,31949,31950,31952],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31951,14663],{}," can change many keys at once.",[160,31954,1613],{"id":1612},[176,31956,31957,31961,31965,31970,31974],{},[179,31958,31959],{},[195,31960,25803],{"href":9106},[179,31962,31963],{},[195,31964,10965],{"href":10445},[179,31966,31967],{},[195,31968,31969],{"href":30794},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[179,31971,31972],{},[195,31973,21165],{"href":16306},[179,31975,31976],{},[195,31977,10976],{"href":10788},[1642,31979,31980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":31982},[31983,31984,31986,31987,31989,31991,31992,31993,31995,31996,32008],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":30228,"depth":75,"text":31985},"What update() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":30587,"depth":75,"text":31988},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30798,"depth":75,"text":31990},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31039,"depth":75,"text":31040},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":31522,"depth":75,"text":31994},"When to use update()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":31997},[31998,32000,32002,32004,32006],{"id":31903,"depth":99,"text":31999},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31914,"depth":99,"text":32001},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31923,"depth":99,"text":32003},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31932,"depth":99,"text":32005},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31943,"depth":99,"text":32007},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30106,"description":32009},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32015,"title":32016,"body":32017,"description":34006,"extension":1670,"meta":34007,"navigation":102,"path":22601,"seo":34008,"stem":34009,"__hash__":34010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32018,"toc":33969},[32019,32024,32031,32034,32036,32135,32137,32192,32197,32202,32216,32221,32223,32238,32240,32254,32267,32272,32278,32285,32287,32394,32396,32445,32451,32526,32528,32549,32551,32554,32659,32661,32716,32718,32746,32750,32755,32834,32836,32856,32858,32869,32879,32883,32888,32992,32994,33019,33022,33033,33038,33047,33050,33067,33069,33156,33158,33221,33223,33246,33248,33253,33259,33264,33266,33305,33311,33314,33333,33344,33350,33353,33426,33428,33447,33452,33455,33478,33484,33487,33551,33554,33631,33638,33641,33700,33706,33708,33727,33731,33734,33785,33788,33808,33810,33871,33873,33878,33883,33888,33893,33898,33903,33909,33912,33921,33929,33931,33966],[10,32020,11032,32022,18],{"id":32021},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32023,16780],{},[20,32025,32026,32027,32030],{},"The Python ",[15,32028,32029],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32032,32033],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[160,32035,1711],{"id":1710},[30,32037,32039],{"className":32,"code":32038,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32040,32041,32093,32107,32111,32121],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32042,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32044,12576],{"class":45},[39,32046,50],{"class":49},[39,32048,54],{"class":53},[39,32050,562],{"class":517},[39,32052,7382],{"class":521},[39,32054,562],{"class":517},[39,32056,1250],{"class":53},[39,32058,572],{"class":517},[39,32060,12593],{"class":521},[39,32062,562],{"class":517},[39,32064,61],{"class":53},[39,32066,572],{"class":517},[39,32068,9015],{"class":521},[39,32070,562],{"class":517},[39,32072,1250],{"class":53},[39,32074,7505],{"class":57},[39,32076,61],{"class":53},[39,32078,572],{"class":517},[39,32080,10124],{"class":521},[39,32082,562],{"class":517},[39,32084,1250],{"class":53},[39,32086,572],{"class":517},[39,32088,15740],{"class":521},[39,32090,562],{"class":517},[39,32092,72],{"class":53},[39,32094,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32096,3529],{"class":45},[39,32098,50],{"class":49},[39,32100,12619],{"class":45},[39,32102,117],{"class":53},[39,32104,5070],{"class":120},[39,32106,1609],{"class":53},[39,32108,32109],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32110,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32112,32113,32115,32117,32119],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32114,137],{"class":136},[39,32116,124],{"class":53},[39,32118,5070],{"class":120},[39,32120,130],{"class":53},[39,32122,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,32124,137],{"class":136},[39,32126,124],{"class":53},[39,32128,7810],{"class":478},[39,32130,124],{"class":53},[39,32132,5070],{"class":120},[39,32134,486],{"class":53},[20,32136,353],{},[30,32138,32140],{"className":32,"code":32139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32141,32142,32168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32143,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32145,16747],{"class":120},[39,32147,917],{"class":53},[39,32149,524],{"class":517},[39,32151,12593],{"class":521},[39,32153,524],{"class":517},[39,32155,61],{"class":53},[39,32157,7505],{"class":57},[39,32159,61],{"class":53},[39,32161,518],{"class":517},[39,32163,15740],{"class":521},[39,32165,524],{"class":517},[39,32167,3597],{"class":53},[39,32169,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32171,3609],{"class":53},[39,32173,524],{"class":517},[39,32175,12593],{"class":521},[39,32177,524],{"class":517},[39,32179,61],{"class":53},[39,32181,7505],{"class":57},[39,32183,61],{"class":53},[39,32185,518],{"class":517},[39,32187,15740],{"class":521},[39,32189,524],{"class":517},[39,32191,3340],{"class":53},[20,32193,32194,32196],{},[15,32195,16780],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[160,32198,3383,32200,3386],{"id":32199},"what-values-does",[15,32201,16780],{},[176,32203,32204,32207,32210,32213],{},[179,32205,32206],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[179,32208,32209],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[179,32211,32212],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[179,32214,32215],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32217,32218,32219,117],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[195,32220,9107],{"href":9106},[160,32222,202],{"id":201},[30,32224,32226],{"className":32,"code":32225,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32227,32228],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32229,32230,32232,32234,32236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32231,11163],{"class":45},[39,32233,117],{"class":53},[39,32235,5070],{"class":120},[39,32237,1609],{"class":53},[20,32239,174],{},[176,32241,32242,32246,32249],{},[179,32243,32244,11179],{},[15,32245,16780],{},[179,32247,32248],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[179,32250,32251,32252],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32253,16780],{},[20,32255,32256,32257,4104,32262,117],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[195,32258,32259,32261],{"href":16771},[15,32260,16774],{}," for dictionary keys",[195,32263,32264,32266],{"href":16784},[15,32265,16787],{}," for key-value pairs",[160,32268,3383,32270,11417],{"id":32269},"what-values-returns",[15,32271,16780],{},[20,32273,32274,380,32276,24471],{},[15,32275,16780],{},[15,32277,16747],{},[20,32279,32280,32281,32284],{},"This object is a ",[382,32282,32283],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32286,267],{},[30,32288,32290],{"className":32,"code":32289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32291,32292,32328,32332,32347,32358,32362,32384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32293,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32295,12913],{"class":45},[39,32297,50],{"class":49},[39,32299,54],{"class":53},[39,32301,562],{"class":517},[39,32303,7382],{"class":521},[39,32305,562],{"class":517},[39,32307,1250],{"class":53},[39,32309,572],{"class":517},[39,32311,7637],{"class":521},[39,32313,562],{"class":517},[39,32315,61],{"class":53},[39,32317,572],{"class":517},[39,32319,9015],{"class":521},[39,32321,562],{"class":517},[39,32323,1250],{"class":53},[39,32325,9022],{"class":57},[39,32327,72],{"class":53},[39,32329,32330],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32331,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32333,32334,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32335,32336],{"class":45},"values_view ",[39,32338,50],{"class":49},[39,32340,12956],{"class":45},[39,32342,117],{"class":53},[39,32344,5070],{"class":120},[39,32346,1609],{"class":53},[39,32348,32349,32351,32353,32356],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32350,137],{"class":136},[39,32352,124],{"class":53},[39,32354,32355],{"class":120},"values_view",[39,32357,130],{"class":53},[39,32359,32360],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,32361,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32363,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,32365,17016],{"class":45},[39,32367,3609],{"class":53},[39,32369,562],{"class":517},[39,32371,10124],{"class":521},[39,32373,562],{"class":517},[39,32375,12982],{"class":53},[39,32377,12985],{"class":49},[39,32379,572],{"class":517},[39,32381,30352],{"class":521},[39,32383,3062],{"class":517},[39,32385,32386,32388,32390,32392],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,32387,137],{"class":136},[39,32389,124],{"class":53},[39,32391,32355],{"class":120},[39,32393,130],{"class":53},[20,32395,353],{},[30,32397,32399],{"className":32,"code":32398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32400,32401,32419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32402,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32404,16747],{"class":120},[39,32406,917],{"class":53},[39,32408,524],{"class":517},[39,32410,7637],{"class":521},[39,32412,524],{"class":517},[39,32414,61],{"class":53},[39,32416,9022],{"class":57},[39,32418,3597],{"class":53},[39,32420,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32422,16747],{"class":120},[39,32424,917],{"class":53},[39,32426,524],{"class":517},[39,32428,7637],{"class":521},[39,32430,524],{"class":517},[39,32432,61],{"class":53},[39,32434,9022],{"class":57},[39,32436,61],{"class":53},[39,32438,518],{"class":517},[39,32440,30352],{"class":521},[39,32442,524],{"class":517},[39,32444,3597],{"class":53},[20,32446,32447,32448,117],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32449,32450],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[30,32452,32454],{"className":32,"code":32453,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32455,32456,32492,32511,32515],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32457,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32459,12913],{"class":45},[39,32461,50],{"class":49},[39,32463,54],{"class":53},[39,32465,562],{"class":517},[39,32467,7382],{"class":521},[39,32469,562],{"class":517},[39,32471,1250],{"class":53},[39,32473,572],{"class":517},[39,32475,7637],{"class":521},[39,32477,562],{"class":517},[39,32479,61],{"class":53},[39,32481,572],{"class":517},[39,32483,9015],{"class":521},[39,32485,562],{"class":517},[39,32487,1250],{"class":53},[39,32489,9022],{"class":57},[39,32491,72],{"class":53},[39,32493,32494,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32495,32496],{"class":45},"values_list ",[39,32498,50],{"class":49},[39,32500,22266],{"class":478},[39,32502,124],{"class":53},[39,32504,17016],{"class":120},[39,32506,117],{"class":53},[39,32508,5070],{"class":120},[39,32510,6907],{"class":53},[39,32512,32513],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32514,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32516,32517,32519,32521,32524],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32518,137],{"class":136},[39,32520,124],{"class":53},[39,32522,32523],{"class":120},"values_list",[39,32525,130],{"class":53},[20,32527,353],{},[30,32529,32531],{"className":32,"code":32530,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32532,32533],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32534,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32536,3609],{"class":53},[39,32538,524],{"class":517},[39,32540,7637],{"class":521},[39,32542,524],{"class":517},[39,32544,61],{"class":53},[39,32546,9022],{"class":57},[39,32548,3340],{"class":53},[160,32550,542],{"id":541},[20,32552,32553],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[30,32555,32557],{"className":32,"code":32556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32558,32559,32613,32617,32631,32635,32645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32560,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32594,32596,32598,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32562,24503],{"class":45},[39,32564,50],{"class":49},[39,32566,54],{"class":53},[39,32568,562],{"class":517},[39,32570,24512],{"class":521},[39,32572,562],{"class":517},[39,32574,1250],{"class":53},[39,32576,572],{"class":517},[39,32578,24521],{"class":521},[39,32580,562],{"class":517},[39,32582,61],{"class":53},[39,32584,572],{"class":517},[39,32586,24530],{"class":521},[39,32588,562],{"class":517},[39,32590,1250],{"class":53},[39,32592,32593],{"class":57}," 2022",[39,32595,61],{"class":53},[39,32597,572],{"class":517},[39,32599,32600],{"class":521},"color",[39,32602,562],{"class":517},[39,32604,1250],{"class":53},[39,32606,572],{"class":517},[39,32608,575],{"class":521},[39,32610,562],{"class":517},[39,32612,72],{"class":53},[39,32614,32615],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32616,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32618,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32620,109],{"class":45},[39,32622,50],{"class":49},[39,32624,24552],{"class":45},[39,32626,117],{"class":53},[39,32628,5070],{"class":120},[39,32630,1609],{"class":53},[39,32632,32633],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32634,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32636,32637,32639,32641,32643],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,32638,137],{"class":136},[39,32640,124],{"class":53},[39,32642,142],{"class":120},[39,32644,130],{"class":53},[39,32646,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,32648,137],{"class":136},[39,32650,124],{"class":53},[39,32652,7810],{"class":478},[39,32654,124],{"class":53},[39,32656,142],{"class":120},[39,32658,486],{"class":53},[20,32660,353],{},[30,32662,32664],{"className":32,"code":32663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32665,32666,32692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32667,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32669,16747],{"class":120},[39,32671,917],{"class":53},[39,32673,524],{"class":517},[39,32675,24521],{"class":521},[39,32677,524],{"class":517},[39,32679,61],{"class":53},[39,32681,32593],{"class":57},[39,32683,61],{"class":53},[39,32685,518],{"class":517},[39,32687,575],{"class":521},[39,32689,524],{"class":517},[39,32691,3597],{"class":53},[39,32693,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32695,3609],{"class":53},[39,32697,524],{"class":517},[39,32699,24521],{"class":521},[39,32701,524],{"class":517},[39,32703,61],{"class":53},[39,32705,32593],{"class":57},[39,32707,61],{"class":53},[39,32709,518],{"class":517},[39,32711,575],{"class":521},[39,32713,524],{"class":517},[39,32715,3340],{"class":53},[20,32717,692],{},[176,32719,32720,32726,32732,32740],{},[179,32721,32722,32725],{},[15,32723,32724],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[179,32727,32728,32731],{},[15,32729,32730],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[179,32733,32734,32737,32738,24324],{},[15,32735,32736],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32739,16747],{},[179,32741,32742,32745],{},[15,32743,32744],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[160,32747,32749],{"id":32748},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32751,32752,32753,25772],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32754,5671],{},[30,32756,32758],{"className":32,"code":32757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32759,32760,32804,32808,32824],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32761,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32763,4774],{"class":45},[39,32765,50],{"class":49},[39,32767,54],{"class":53},[39,32769,562],{"class":517},[39,32771,18123],{"class":521},[39,32773,562],{"class":517},[39,32775,1250],{"class":53},[39,32777,19605],{"class":57},[39,32779,61],{"class":53},[39,32781,572],{"class":517},[39,32783,30861],{"class":521},[39,32785,562],{"class":517},[39,32787,1250],{"class":53},[39,32789,13216],{"class":57},[39,32791,61],{"class":53},[39,32793,572],{"class":517},[39,32795,18132],{"class":521},[39,32797,562],{"class":517},[39,32799,1250],{"class":53},[39,32801,28629],{"class":57},[39,32803,72],{"class":53},[39,32805,32806],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32807,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32809,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32811,5671],{"class":3584},[39,32813,21292],{"class":45},[39,32815,3591],{"class":3584},[39,32817,4821],{"class":45},[39,32819,117],{"class":53},[39,32821,5070],{"class":120},[39,32823,21303],{"class":53},[39,32825,32826,32828,32830,32832],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32827,7785],{"class":136},[39,32829,124],{"class":53},[39,32831,2179],{"class":120},[39,32833,130],{"class":53},[20,32835,353],{},[30,32837,32839],{"className":32,"code":32838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32840,32841,32846,32851],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32842,32843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32844,32845],{"class":57},"90\n",[39,32847,32848],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32849,32850],{"class":57},"85\n",[39,32852,32853],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32854,32855],{"class":57},"88\n",[20,32857,17417],{},[176,32859,32860,32863,32866],{},[179,32861,32862],{},"You only need the values",[179,32864,32865],{},"You do not care about the keys",[179,32867,32868],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32870,32871,32872,1292,32876,117],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[195,32873,10451,32874,1627],{"href":16784},[15,32875,16787],{},[195,32877,22182],{"href":32878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[160,32880,32882],{"id":32881},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32884,154,32885,32887],{},[15,32886,32450],{}," when you need a list.",[30,32889,32891],{"className":32,"code":32890,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32892,32893,32939,32943,32963,32967,32978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32894,32895,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32931,32933,32935,32937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32896,32897],{"class":45},"fruit_prices ",[39,32899,50],{"class":49},[39,32901,54],{"class":53},[39,32903,562],{"class":517},[39,32905,3789],{"class":521},[39,32907,562],{"class":517},[39,32909,1250],{"class":53},[39,32911,64],{"class":57},[39,32913,61],{"class":53},[39,32915,572],{"class":517},[39,32917,3798],{"class":521},[39,32919,562],{"class":517},[39,32921,1250],{"class":53},[39,32923,5210],{"class":57},[39,32925,61],{"class":53},[39,32927,572],{"class":517},[39,32929,32930],{"class":521},"orange",[39,32932,562],{"class":517},[39,32934,1250],{"class":53},[39,32936,69],{"class":57},[39,32938,72],{"class":53},[39,32940,32941],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,32942,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32944,32945,32948,32950,32952,32954,32957,32959,32961],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,32946,32947],{"class":45},"price_list ",[39,32949,50],{"class":49},[39,32951,22266],{"class":478},[39,32953,124],{"class":53},[39,32955,32956],{"class":120},"fruit_prices",[39,32958,117],{"class":53},[39,32960,5070],{"class":120},[39,32962,6907],{"class":53},[39,32964,32965],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,32966,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,32968,32969,32971,32973,32976],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,32970,137],{"class":136},[39,32972,124],{"class":53},[39,32974,32975],{"class":120},"price_list",[39,32977,130],{"class":53},[39,32979,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,32981,137],{"class":136},[39,32983,124],{"class":53},[39,32985,32975],{"class":120},[39,32987,3609],{"class":53},[39,32989,1826],{"class":57},[39,32991,3597],{"class":53},[20,32993,353],{},[30,32995,32997],{"className":32,"code":32996,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32998,32999,33015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33000,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33002,3609],{"class":53},[39,33004,85],{"class":57},[39,33006,61],{"class":53},[39,33008,5210],{"class":57},[39,33010,61],{"class":53},[39,33012,69],{"class":57},[39,33014,3340],{"class":53},[39,33016,33017],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33018,1553],{"class":57},[20,33020,33021],{},"This is helpful for:",[176,33023,33024,33027,33030],{},[179,33025,33026],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[179,33028,33029],{},"Accessing values by index",[179,33031,33032],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33034,3634,33035,33037],{},[15,33036,16747],{}," is not the same as a list.",[160,33039,33041,980,33043,980,33045],{"id":33040},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33042,16780],{},[15,33044,16774],{},[15,33046,16787],{},[20,33048,33049],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[176,33051,33052,33057,33062],{},[179,33053,33054,33056],{},[15,33055,16780],{}," returns only the values",[179,33058,33059,33061],{},[15,33060,16774],{}," returns only the keys",[179,33063,33064,33066],{},[15,33065,16787],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33068,1832],{},[30,33070,33072],{"className":32,"code":33071,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33073,33074,33110,33114,33128,33142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33075,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33077,12576],{"class":45},[39,33079,50],{"class":49},[39,33081,54],{"class":53},[39,33083,562],{"class":517},[39,33085,7382],{"class":521},[39,33087,562],{"class":517},[39,33089,1250],{"class":53},[39,33091,572],{"class":517},[39,33093,12593],{"class":521},[39,33095,562],{"class":517},[39,33097,61],{"class":53},[39,33099,572],{"class":517},[39,33101,9015],{"class":521},[39,33103,562],{"class":517},[39,33105,1250],{"class":53},[39,33107,7505],{"class":57},[39,33109,72],{"class":53},[39,33111,33112],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33113,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,33115,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33117,137],{"class":136},[39,33119,124],{"class":53},[39,33121,13335],{"class":120},[39,33123,117],{"class":53},[39,33125,16633],{"class":120},[39,33127,6907],{"class":53},[39,33129,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,33131,137],{"class":136},[39,33133,124],{"class":53},[39,33135,13335],{"class":120},[39,33137,117],{"class":53},[39,33139,5070],{"class":120},[39,33141,6907],{"class":53},[39,33143,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,33145,137],{"class":136},[39,33147,124],{"class":53},[39,33149,13335],{"class":120},[39,33151,117],{"class":53},[39,33153,7525],{"class":120},[39,33155,6907],{"class":53},[20,33157,353],{},[30,33159,33161],{"className":32,"code":33160,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33162,33163,33185,33203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33164,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33166,16724],{"class":120},[39,33168,917],{"class":53},[39,33170,524],{"class":517},[39,33172,7382],{"class":521},[39,33174,524],{"class":517},[39,33176,61],{"class":53},[39,33178,518],{"class":517},[39,33180,9015],{"class":521},[39,33182,524],{"class":517},[39,33184,3597],{"class":53},[39,33186,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33188,16747],{"class":120},[39,33190,917],{"class":53},[39,33192,524],{"class":517},[39,33194,12593],{"class":521},[39,33196,524],{"class":517},[39,33198,61],{"class":53},[39,33200,7505],{"class":57},[39,33202,3597],{"class":53},[39,33204,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33206,21616],{"class":120},[39,33208,9373],{"class":53},[39,33210,524],{"class":517},[39,33212,7382],{"class":521},[39,33214,524],{"class":517},[39,33216,61],{"class":53},[39,33218,7505],{"class":57},[39,33220,10393],{"class":53},[20,33222,18401],{},[176,33224,33225,33232,33239],{},[179,33226,33227,33231],{},[195,33228,33229],{"href":16771},[15,33230,16774],{}," when you need just the keys",[179,33233,33234,33238],{},[195,33235,33236],{"href":16777},[15,33237,16780],{}," when you need just the values",[179,33240,33241,33245],{},[195,33242,33243],{"href":16784},[15,33244,16787],{}," when you need both",[160,33247,1244],{"id":1243},[20,33249,33250,33251,117],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33252,16780],{},[988,33254,29359,33256,33258],{"id":33255},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33257,16780],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33260,33261,33263],{},[15,33262,16780],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33265,16353],{},[30,33267,33269],{"className":32,"code":33268,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33270,33271,33291],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33272,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33274,8025],{"class":45},[39,33276,50],{"class":49},[39,33278,3327],{"class":53},[39,33280,58],{"class":57},[39,33282,61],{"class":53},[39,33284,64],{"class":57},[39,33286,61],{"class":53},[39,33288,69],{"class":57},[39,33290,3340],{"class":53},[39,33292,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33294,137],{"class":136},[39,33296,124],{"class":53},[39,33298,8056],{"class":120},[39,33300,117],{"class":53},[39,33302,5070],{"class":120},[39,33304,6907],{"class":53},[20,33306,33307,33308,33310],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33309,16780],{}," method.",[20,33312,33313],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[30,33315,33317],{"className":32,"code":33316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33318,33319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33320,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33322,137],{"class":136},[39,33324,124],{"class":53},[39,33326,479],{"class":478},[39,33328,124],{"class":53},[39,33330,8056],{"class":120},[39,33332,486],{"class":53},[20,33334,33335,33336,33338,33339,117],{},"If you get an ",[15,33337,25379],{},", see ",[195,33340,25387,33341,33343],{"href":25386},[15,33342,25390],{}," errors",[988,33345,4289,33347,33349],{"id":33346},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33348,16780],{}," returns a list",[20,33351,33352],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[30,33354,33356],{"className":32,"code":33355,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33357,33358,33394,33408,33412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33359,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33361,12576],{"class":45},[39,33363,50],{"class":49},[39,33365,54],{"class":53},[39,33367,562],{"class":517},[39,33369,7382],{"class":521},[39,33371,562],{"class":517},[39,33373,1250],{"class":53},[39,33375,572],{"class":517},[39,33377,12593],{"class":521},[39,33379,562],{"class":517},[39,33381,61],{"class":53},[39,33383,572],{"class":517},[39,33385,9015],{"class":521},[39,33387,562],{"class":517},[39,33389,1250],{"class":53},[39,33391,7505],{"class":57},[39,33393,72],{"class":53},[39,33395,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33397,3529],{"class":45},[39,33399,50],{"class":49},[39,33401,12619],{"class":45},[39,33403,117],{"class":53},[39,33405,5070],{"class":120},[39,33407,1609],{"class":53},[39,33409,33410],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33411,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,33413,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,33415,137],{"class":136},[39,33417,124],{"class":53},[39,33419,479],{"class":478},[39,33421,124],{"class":53},[39,33423,5070],{"class":120},[39,33425,486],{"class":53},[20,33427,353],{},[30,33429,33431],{"className":32,"code":33430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33432,33433],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33434,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33436,510],{"class":49},[39,33438,514],{"class":513},[39,33440,518],{"class":517},[39,33442,16747],{"class":521},[39,33444,524],{"class":517},[39,33446,527],{"class":49},[20,33448,4859,33449,33451],{},[15,33450,16747],{},", not a list.",[20,33453,33454],{},"If you need a list:",[30,33456,33458],{"className":32,"code":33457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33459,33460],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33461,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33463,3529],{"class":45},[39,33465,50],{"class":49},[39,33467,22266],{"class":478},[39,33469,124],{"class":53},[39,33471,13335],{"class":120},[39,33473,117],{"class":53},[39,33475,5070],{"class":120},[39,33477,6907],{"class":53},[988,33479,33481,33482],{"id":33480},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33483,16747],{},[20,33485,33486],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[30,33488,33490],{"className":32,"code":33489,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33491,33492,33528,33542,33546],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33493,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33495,12576],{"class":45},[39,33497,50],{"class":49},[39,33499,54],{"class":53},[39,33501,562],{"class":517},[39,33503,7382],{"class":521},[39,33505,562],{"class":517},[39,33507,1250],{"class":53},[39,33509,572],{"class":517},[39,33511,12593],{"class":521},[39,33513,562],{"class":517},[39,33515,61],{"class":53},[39,33517,572],{"class":517},[39,33519,9015],{"class":521},[39,33521,562],{"class":517},[39,33523,1250],{"class":53},[39,33525,7505],{"class":57},[39,33527,72],{"class":53},[39,33529,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33531,3529],{"class":45},[39,33533,50],{"class":49},[39,33535,12619],{"class":45},[39,33537,117],{"class":53},[39,33539,5070],{"class":120},[39,33541,1609],{"class":53},[39,33543,33544],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33545,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,33547,33548],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,33549,33550],{"class":150},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33552,33553],{},"Convert to a list first:",[30,33555,33557],{"className":32,"code":33556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33558,33559,33595,33613,33617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33560,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33562,12576],{"class":45},[39,33564,50],{"class":49},[39,33566,54],{"class":53},[39,33568,562],{"class":517},[39,33570,7382],{"class":521},[39,33572,562],{"class":517},[39,33574,1250],{"class":53},[39,33576,572],{"class":517},[39,33578,12593],{"class":521},[39,33580,562],{"class":517},[39,33582,61],{"class":53},[39,33584,572],{"class":517},[39,33586,9015],{"class":521},[39,33588,562],{"class":517},[39,33590,1250],{"class":53},[39,33592,7505],{"class":57},[39,33594,72],{"class":53},[39,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33598,3529],{"class":45},[39,33600,50],{"class":49},[39,33602,22266],{"class":478},[39,33604,124],{"class":53},[39,33606,13335],{"class":120},[39,33608,117],{"class":53},[39,33610,5070],{"class":120},[39,33612,6907],{"class":53},[39,33614,33615],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33616,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,33620,137],{"class":136},[39,33622,124],{"class":53},[39,33624,5070],{"class":120},[39,33626,3609],{"class":53},[39,33628,1826],{"class":57},[39,33630,3597],{"class":53},[988,33632,718,33634,10806,33636],{"id":33633},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33635,5070],{},[15,33637,16780],{},[20,33639,33640],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[30,33642,33644],{"className":32,"code":33643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33645,33646,33682,33686],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33647,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33649,12576],{"class":45},[39,33651,50],{"class":49},[39,33653,54],{"class":53},[39,33655,562],{"class":517},[39,33657,7382],{"class":521},[39,33659,562],{"class":517},[39,33661,1250],{"class":53},[39,33663,572],{"class":517},[39,33665,12593],{"class":521},[39,33667,562],{"class":517},[39,33669,61],{"class":53},[39,33671,572],{"class":517},[39,33673,9015],{"class":521},[39,33675,562],{"class":517},[39,33677,1250],{"class":53},[39,33679,7505],{"class":57},[39,33681,72],{"class":53},[39,33683,33684],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33685,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,33687,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33689,137],{"class":136},[39,33691,124],{"class":53},[39,33693,13335],{"class":120},[39,33695,117],{"class":53},[39,33697,5070],{"class":24457},[39,33699,130],{"class":53},[20,33701,33702,33705],{},[15,33703,33704],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33707,18401],{},[30,33709,33711],{"className":32,"code":33710,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33712,33713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33714,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33716,137],{"class":136},[39,33718,124],{"class":53},[39,33720,13335],{"class":120},[39,33722,117],{"class":53},[39,33724,5070],{"class":120},[39,33726,6907],{"class":53},[988,33728,33730],{"id":33729},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33732,33733],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[30,33735,33737],{"className":32,"code":33736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33738,33739,33771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33740,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33742,8883],{"class":45},[39,33744,50],{"class":49},[39,33746,54],{"class":53},[39,33748,562],{"class":517},[39,33750,195],{"class":521},[39,33752,562],{"class":517},[39,33754,1250],{"class":53},[39,33756,5210],{"class":57},[39,33758,61],{"class":53},[39,33760,572],{"class":517},[39,33762,127],{"class":521},[39,33764,562],{"class":517},[39,33766,1250],{"class":53},[39,33768,64],{"class":57},[39,33770,72],{"class":53},[39,33772,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33774,137],{"class":136},[39,33776,124],{"class":53},[39,33778,8922],{"class":120},[39,33780,117],{"class":53},[39,33782,5070],{"class":120},[39,33784,6907],{"class":53},[20,33786,33787],{},"Not like this:",[30,33789,33791],{"className":32,"code":33790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33792,33793,33798,33803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33794,33795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33796,33797],{"class":150},"# Wrong examples:\n",[39,33799,33800],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33801,33802],{"class":150},"# data().values()\n",[39,33804,33805],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33806,33807],{"class":150},"# values(data)\n",[20,33809,3043],{},[30,33811,33813],{"className":32,"code":33812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33814,33815,33829,33839,33853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33816,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33818,137],{"class":136},[39,33820,124],{"class":53},[39,33822,479],{"class":478},[39,33824,124],{"class":53},[39,33826,11163],{"class":120},[39,33828,486],{"class":53},[39,33830,33831,33833,33835,33837],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,33832,137],{"class":136},[39,33834,124],{"class":53},[39,33836,11163],{"class":120},[39,33838,130],{"class":53},[39,33840,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,33842,137],{"class":136},[39,33844,124],{"class":53},[39,33846,11163],{"class":120},[39,33848,117],{"class":53},[39,33850,5070],{"class":120},[39,33852,6907],{"class":53},[39,33854,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,33856,137],{"class":136},[39,33858,124],{"class":53},[39,33860,7810],{"class":478},[39,33862,124],{"class":53},[39,33864,11163],{"class":120},[39,33866,117],{"class":53},[39,33868,5070],{"class":120},[39,33870,6003],{"class":53},[160,33872,1563],{"id":1562},[988,33874,4853,33876,4856],{"id":33875},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33877,32029],{},[20,33879,17129,33880,33882],{},[15,33881,16747],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[988,33884,1567,33886,23638],{"id":33885},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33887,16780],{},[20,33889,23641,33890,23645],{},[15,33891,33892],{},"list(...)",[988,33894,25764,33896,2199],{"id":33895},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33897,32029],{},[20,33899,33900,33901,25772],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33902,5671],{},[988,33904,1567,33906,33908],{"id":33905},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33907,32029],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33910,33911],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[988,33913,33915,33916,33918,33919,2199],{"id":33914},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33917,16780],{}," different from ",[15,33920,16787],{},[20,33922,33923,33925,33926,33928],{},[15,33924,16780],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33927,16787],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[160,33930,1613],{"id":1612},[176,33932,33933,33939,33945,33949,33955,33959],{},[179,33934,33935],{},[195,33936,10451,33937,1627],{"href":16771},[15,33938,16774],{},[179,33940,33941],{},[195,33942,10451,33943,1627],{"href":16784},[15,33944,16787],{},[179,33946,33947],{},[195,33948,10956],{"href":9106},[179,33950,33951],{},[195,33952,33954],{"href":33953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[179,33956,33957],{},[195,33958,23723],{"href":32878},[179,33960,33961],{},[195,33962,30056,33963],{"href":25386},[15,33964,33965],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1642,33967,33968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":33970},[33971,33972,33974,33975,33977,33978,33979,33980,33982,33993,34005],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":32199,"depth":75,"text":33973},"What values() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":32269,"depth":75,"text":33976},"What values() returns",{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":32748,"depth":75,"text":32749},{"id":32881,"depth":75,"text":32882},{"id":33040,"depth":75,"text":33981},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":33983},[33984,33986,33988,33990,33992],{"id":33255,"depth":99,"text":33985},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33346,"depth":99,"text":33987},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33480,"depth":99,"text":33989},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33633,"depth":99,"text":33991},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33729,"depth":99,"text":33730},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":33994},[33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"id":33875,"depth":99,"text":33996},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33885,"depth":99,"text":33998},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33895,"depth":99,"text":34000},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33905,"depth":99,"text":34002},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33914,"depth":99,"text":34004},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32016,"description":34006},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34012,"title":34013,"body":34014,"description":35445,"extension":1670,"meta":35446,"navigation":102,"path":35447,"seo":35448,"stem":35449,"__hash__":35450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34015,"toc":35397},[34016,34022,34027,34030,34046,34055,34057,34089,34095,34098,34193,34196,34201,34206,34209,34220,34222,34236,34242,34244,34249,34255,34258,34297,34305,34310,34313,34358,34361,34373,34379,34385,34389,34422,34425,34443,34446,34450,34489,34491,34511,34514,34526,34531,34537,34540,34595,34598,34609,34612,34623,34626,34630,34636,34638,34668,34671,34686,34689,34692,34711,34714,34730,34739,34741,34772,34778,34783,34786,34793,34824,34827,34849,34852,34855,34869,34873,34904,34919,34926,34933,34937,34945,34949,34957,34960,35009,35020,35022,35025,35031,35036,35046,35050,35053,35056,35060,35063,35065,35086,35090,35096,35107,35113,35115,35121,35145,35148,35211,35214,35242,35245,35307,35309,35314,35317,35324,35332,35339,35342,35350,35356,35358,35385,35394],[10,34017,13,34019,3283],{"id":34018},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34020,34021],{},"dir()",[20,34023,32026,34024,34026],{},[15,34025,34021],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34028,34029],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[176,34031,34032,34035,34038,34043],{},[179,34033,34034],{},"learning Python",[179,34036,34037],{},"exploring a new object",[179,34039,34040,34041],{},"debugging an ",[15,34042,25379],{},[179,34044,34045],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34047,34048,34049,34051,34052],{},"In short, ",[15,34050,34021],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[382,34053,34054],{},"“What can I use here?”",[160,34056,1711],{"id":1710},[30,34058,34060],{"className":32,"code":34059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34061,34062,34074],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34063,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34065,7592],{"class":45},[39,34067,50],{"class":49},[39,34069,572],{"class":517},[39,34071,3552],{"class":521},[39,34073,3062],{"class":517},[39,34075,34076,34078,34080,34083,34085,34087],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34077,137],{"class":136},[39,34079,124],{"class":53},[39,34081,34082],{"class":136},"dir",[39,34084,124],{"class":53},[39,34086,7382],{"class":120},[39,34088,486],{"class":53},[20,34090,154,34091,34094],{},[15,34092,34093],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34096,34097],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[30,34099,34101],{"className":32,"code":34100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34102,34103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34104,34105,34107,34109,34112,34114,34116,34118,34121,34123,34125,34127,34130,34132,34134,34136,34139,34141,34143,34145,34148,34150,34152,34154,34157,34159,34161,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34180,34182,34184,34186,34189,34191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34106,3609],{"class":53},[39,34108,524],{"class":517},[39,34110,34111],{"class":521},"__add__",[39,34113,524],{"class":517},[39,34115,61],{"class":53},[39,34117,518],{"class":517},[39,34119,34120],{"class":521},"__class__",[39,34122,524],{"class":517},[39,34124,61],{"class":53},[39,34126,518],{"class":517},[39,34128,34129],{"class":521},"__contains__",[39,34131,524],{"class":517},[39,34133,61],{"class":53},[39,34135,518],{"class":517},[39,34137,34138],{"class":521},"__delattr__",[39,34140,524],{"class":517},[39,34142,61],{"class":53},[39,34144,518],{"class":517},[39,34146,34147],{"class":521},"__dir__",[39,34149,524],{"class":517},[39,34151,61],{"class":53},[39,34153,518],{"class":517},[39,34155,34156],{"class":521},"__doc__",[39,34158,524],{"class":517},[39,34160,61],{"class":53},[39,34162,34164],{"class":34163},"s_hVV"," ...",[39,34166,61],{"class":53},[39,34168,518],{"class":517},[39,34170,8358],{"class":521},[39,34172,524],{"class":517},[39,34174,61],{"class":53},[39,34176,518],{"class":517},[39,34178,34179],{"class":521},"split",[39,34181,524],{"class":517},[39,34183,61],{"class":53},[39,34185,518],{"class":517},[39,34187,34188],{"class":521},"upper",[39,34190,524],{"class":517},[39,34192,3340],{"class":53},[20,34194,34195],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[160,34197,3383,34199,3386],{"id":34198},"what-dir-does",[15,34200,34021],{},[20,34202,34203,34205],{},[15,34204,34021],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34207,34208],{},"It usually includes:",[176,34210,34211,34214,34217],{},[179,34212,34213],{},"attributes",[179,34215,34216],{},"methods",[179,34218,34219],{},"special Python names",[20,34221,11172],{},[176,34223,34224,34230,34233],{},[179,34225,34226,34227],{},"The result is a ",[382,34228,34229],{},"list of strings",[179,34231,34232],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[179,34234,34235],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34237,34238,34239,34241],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34240,34021],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[160,34243,202],{"id":201},[20,34245,34246,34248],{},[15,34247,34021],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[988,34250,34252,34254],{"id":34251},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34253,34021],{}," with no argument",[20,34256,34257],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[30,34259,34261],{"className":32,"code":34260,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34262,34263,34271,34283,34287],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34264,34265,34267,34269],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34266,2731],{"class":45},[39,34268,50],{"class":49},[39,34270,2293],{"class":57},[39,34272,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34274,7592],{"class":45},[39,34276,50],{"class":49},[39,34278,572],{"class":517},[39,34280,7391],{"class":521},[39,34282,3062],{"class":517},[39,34284,34285],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,34286,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34288,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,34290,137],{"class":136},[39,34292,124],{"class":53},[39,34294,34082],{"class":136},[39,34296,6907],{"class":53},[20,34298,34299,34300,4104,34302,34304],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34301,1880],{},[15,34303,7382],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[988,34306,34308],{"id":34307},"dirobject",[15,34309,34093],{},[20,34311,34312],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[30,34314,34316],{"className":32,"code":34315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34317,34318,34336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34319,34320,34322,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34321,137],{"class":136},[39,34323,124],{"class":53},[39,34325,34082],{"class":136},[39,34327,124],{"class":53},[39,34329,562],{"class":517},[39,34331,3552],{"class":521},[39,34333,562],{"class":517},[39,34335,486],{"class":53},[39,34337,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354,34356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34339,137],{"class":136},[39,34341,124],{"class":53},[39,34343,34082],{"class":136},[39,34345,917],{"class":53},[39,34347,58],{"class":57},[39,34349,61],{"class":53},[39,34351,64],{"class":57},[39,34353,61],{"class":53},[39,34355,69],{"class":57},[39,34357,2705],{"class":53},[20,34359,34360],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[176,34362,34363,34365,34367,34370],{},[179,34364,5020],{},[179,34366,5011],{},[179,34368,34369],{},"modules",[179,34371,34372],{},"custom objects",[160,34374,718,34376,34378],{"id":34375},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34377,34021],{}," with a value",[20,34380,34381,34382,34384],{},"A common use of ",[15,34383,34021],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[988,34386,34388],{"id":34387},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[30,34390,34392],{"className":32,"code":34391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34393,34394,34407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34395,34396,34399,34401,34403,34405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34397,34398],{"class":45},"text ",[39,34400,50],{"class":49},[39,34402,572],{"class":517},[39,34404,3552],{"class":521},[39,34406,3062],{"class":517},[39,34408,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34420],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34410,137],{"class":136},[39,34412,124],{"class":53},[39,34414,34082],{"class":136},[39,34416,124],{"class":53},[39,34418,34419],{"class":120},"text",[39,34421,486],{"class":53},[20,34423,34424],{},"You will see method names like:",[176,34426,34427,34431,34435,34439],{},[179,34428,34429],{},[15,34430,8358],{},[179,34432,34433],{},[15,34434,34188],{},[179,34436,34437],{},[15,34438,34179],{},[179,34440,34441],{},[15,34442,8352],{},[20,34444,34445],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[988,34447,34449],{"id":34448},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[30,34451,34453],{"className":32,"code":34452,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34454,34455,34475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34456,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469,34471,34473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34458,1379],{"class":45},[39,34460,50],{"class":49},[39,34462,3327],{"class":53},[39,34464,58],{"class":57},[39,34466,61],{"class":53},[39,34468,64],{"class":57},[39,34470,61],{"class":53},[39,34472,69],{"class":57},[39,34474,3340],{"class":53},[39,34476,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34478,137],{"class":136},[39,34480,124],{"class":53},[39,34482,34082],{"class":136},[39,34484,124],{"class":53},[39,34486,1457],{"class":120},[39,34488,486],{"class":53},[20,34490,34424],{},[176,34492,34493,34497,34501,34506],{},[179,34494,34495],{},[15,34496,13262],{},[179,34498,34499],{},[15,34500,25949],{},[179,34502,34503],{},[15,34504,34505],{},"remove",[179,34507,34508],{},[15,34509,34510],{},"sort",[20,34512,34513],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34515,34516,34517,34522,34523,34525],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[195,34518,34520],{"href":34519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34521,2008],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34524,34021],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[160,34527,718,34529,34254],{"id":34528},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34530,34021],{},[20,34532,34533,34534,34536],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34535,34021],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34538,34539],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[30,34541,34543],{"className":32,"code":34542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34544,34545,34554,34558,34569,34581,34585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34546,34547,34549,34551],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34548,2731],{"class":45},[39,34550,50],{"class":49},[39,34552,34553],{"class":57}," 5\n",[39,34555,34556],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34557,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34559,34560,34563,34567],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,34561,34562],{"class":513},"def",[39,34564,34566],{"class":34565},"sGLFI"," greet",[39,34568,21303],{"class":53},[39,34570,34571,34574,34576,34579],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,34572,34573],{"class":3584},"    return",[39,34575,572],{"class":517},[39,34577,34578],{"class":521},"Hello",[39,34580,3062],{"class":517},[39,34582,34583],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,34584,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34586,34587,34589,34591,34593],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,34588,137],{"class":136},[39,34590,124],{"class":53},[39,34592,34082],{"class":136},[39,34594,6907],{"class":53},[20,34596,34597],{},"The output will include names like:",[176,34599,34600,34604],{},[179,34601,34602],{},[15,34603,1880],{},[179,34605,34606],{},[15,34607,34608],{},"greet",[20,34610,34611],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[176,34613,34614,34617,34620],{},[179,34615,34616],{},"what variables exist",[179,34618,34619],{},"what functions you have defined",[179,34621,34622],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34624,34625],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[160,34627,34629],{"id":34628},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34631,34632,34633,34635],{},"When you first use ",[15,34634,34021],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34637,267],{},[30,34639,34640],{"className":32,"code":34391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,34641,34642,34654],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34645,34398],{"class":45},[39,34647,50],{"class":49},[39,34649,572],{"class":517},[39,34651,3552],{"class":521},[39,34653,3062],{"class":517},[39,34655,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34657,137],{"class":136},[39,34659,124],{"class":53},[39,34661,34082],{"class":136},[39,34663,124],{"class":53},[39,34665,34419],{"class":120},[39,34667,486],{"class":53},[20,34669,34670],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[176,34672,34673,34677,34681],{},[179,34674,34675],{},[15,34676,34120],{},[179,34678,34679],{},[15,34680,34156],{},[179,34682,34683],{},[15,34684,34685],{},"__len__",[20,34687,34688],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34690,34691],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[176,34693,34694,34698,34702,34706],{},[179,34695,34696],{},[15,34697,34188],{},[179,34699,34700],{},[15,34701,8358],{},[179,34703,34704],{},[15,34705,34179],{},[179,34707,34708],{},[15,34709,34710],{},"replace",[20,34712,34713],{},"A key point to remember:",[176,34715,34716,34724],{},[179,34717,34718,34720,34721],{},[15,34719,34021],{}," lists ",[382,34722,34723],{},"names only",[179,34725,34726,34727,34729],{},"it does ",[382,34728,4340],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34731,34732,34733,117],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[195,34734,34736],{"href":34735},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34737,34738],{},"help()",[20,34740,5184],{},[30,34742,34744],{"className":32,"code":34743,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34745,34746,34758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34749,7592],{"class":45},[39,34751,50],{"class":49},[39,34753,572],{"class":517},[39,34755,3552],{"class":521},[39,34757,3062],{"class":517},[39,34759,34760,34762,34764,34766,34768,34770],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34761,31861],{"class":136},[39,34763,124],{"class":53},[39,34765,7382],{"class":120},[39,34767,117],{"class":53},[39,34769,34188],{"class":24457},[39,34771,130],{"class":53},[160,34773,34775,34777],{"id":34774},"dir-on-modules",[15,34776,34021],{}," on modules",[20,34779,15423,34780,34782],{},[15,34781,34021],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34784,34785],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[988,34787,34789,34790,34792],{"id":34788},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34791,18123],{}," module",[30,34794,34796],{"className":32,"code":34795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34797,34798,34806,34810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34799,34800,34803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34801,34802],{"class":3584},"import",[39,34804,34805],{"class":45}," math\n",[39,34807,34808],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34809,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,34813,137],{"class":136},[39,34815,124],{"class":53},[39,34817,34082],{"class":136},[39,34819,124],{"class":53},[39,34821,18123],{"class":120},[39,34823,486],{"class":53},[20,34825,34826],{},"You may see names like:",[176,34828,34829,34834,34839,34844],{},[179,34830,34831],{},[15,34832,34833],{},"sqrt",[179,34835,34836],{},[15,34837,34838],{},"ceil",[179,34840,34841],{},[15,34842,34843],{},"floor",[179,34845,34846],{},[15,34847,34848],{},"pi",[20,34850,34851],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34853,34854],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[176,34856,34857,34863],{},[179,34858,34859],{},[195,34860,34862],{"href":34861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[179,34864,34865],{},[195,34866,34868],{"href":34867},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[988,34870,34872],{"id":34871},"another-example","Another example",[30,34874,34876],{"className":32,"code":34875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34877,34878,34885,34889],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34879,34880,34882],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34881,34802],{"class":3584},[39,34883,34884],{"class":45}," json\n",[39,34886,34887],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34888,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899,34902],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,34892,137],{"class":136},[39,34894,124],{"class":53},[39,34896,34082],{"class":136},[39,34898,124],{"class":53},[39,34900,34901],{"class":120},"json",[39,34903,486],{"class":53},[20,34905,34906,34907,1896,34910,1896,34913,16781,34916,117],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34908,34909],{},"dump",[15,34911,34912],{},"dumps",[15,34914,34915],{},"load",[15,34917,34918],{},"loads",[160,34920,34922,980,34924],{"id":34921},"dir-vs-help",[15,34923,34021],{},[15,34925,34738],{},[20,34927,34928,4104,34930,34932],{},[15,34929,34021],{},[15,34931,34738],{}," are often used together.",[988,34934,34935],{"id":34082},[15,34936,34021],{},[176,34938,34939,34942],{},[179,34940,34941],{},"shows available names",[179,34943,34944],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[988,34946,34947],{"id":31861},[15,34948,34738],{},[176,34950,34951,34954],{},[179,34952,34953],{},"explains what an object or function does",[179,34955,34956],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34958,34959],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[30,34961,34963],{"className":32,"code":34962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34964,34965,34977,34981,34995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34966,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34968,7592],{"class":45},[39,34970,50],{"class":49},[39,34972,572],{"class":517},[39,34974,3552],{"class":521},[39,34976,3062],{"class":517},[39,34978,34979],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,34980,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,34982,34983,34985,34987,34989,34991,34993],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,34984,137],{"class":136},[39,34986,124],{"class":53},[39,34988,34082],{"class":136},[39,34990,124],{"class":53},[39,34992,7382],{"class":120},[39,34994,486],{"class":53},[39,34996,34997,34999,35001,35003,35005,35007],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,34998,31861],{"class":136},[39,35000,124],{"class":53},[39,35002,7382],{"class":120},[39,35004,117],{"class":53},[39,35006,34188],{"class":24457},[39,35008,130],{"class":53},[20,35010,154,35011,35013,35014,35016,35017,35019],{},[15,35012,34021],{}," first to find a method name.",[9561,35015],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35018,34738],{}," to understand how to use it.",[160,35021,25065],{"id":25064},[20,35023,35024],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[988,35026,35028,35030],{"id":35027},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35029,34021],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35032,35033,35035],{},[15,35034,34021],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35037,35038,35039,35041,35042,35045],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35040,34188],{}," in ",[15,35043,35044],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[988,35047,35049],{"id":35048},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35051,35052],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35054,35055],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[988,35057,35059],{"id":35058},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35061,35062],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35064,5184],{},[176,35066,35067,35072,35078],{},[179,35068,35069,35071],{},[15,35070,35044],{}," shows string-related names",[179,35073,35074,35077],{},[15,35075,35076],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[179,35079,35080,35083,35084,34792],{},[15,35081,35082],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35085,18123],{},[988,35087,35089],{"id":35088},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35091,35092,35093,35095],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35094,34021],{}," does not mean you already know:",[176,35097,35098,35101,35104],{},[179,35099,35100],{},"what it does",[179,35102,35103],{},"what arguments it needs",[179,35105,35106],{},"what it returns",[20,35108,35109,35110,35112],{},"That is why ",[15,35111,34738],{}," is the natural next step.",[160,35114,2537],{"id":2536},[20,35116,35117,35118,35120],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35119,34021],{}," in these situations:",[176,35122,35123,35126,35135,35138],{},[179,35124,35125],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[179,35127,35128,35129,35134],{},"Seeing an ",[195,35130,35132],{"href":35131},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35133,25379],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[179,35136,35137],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[179,35139,718,35140,35142,35143],{},[15,35141,34021],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35144,34738],{},[20,35146,35147],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[30,35149,35151],{"className":32,"code":35150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35152,35153,35165,35169,35183,35197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35154,35155,35157,35159,35161,35163],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35156,7592],{"class":45},[39,35158,50],{"class":49},[39,35160,572],{"class":517},[39,35162,3552],{"class":521},[39,35164,3062],{"class":517},[39,35166,35167],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35168,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35170,35171,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35172,137],{"class":136},[39,35174,124],{"class":53},[39,35176,479],{"class":478},[39,35178,124],{"class":53},[39,35180,7382],{"class":120},[39,35182,486],{"class":53},[39,35184,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193,35195],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,35186,137],{"class":136},[39,35188,124],{"class":53},[39,35190,34082],{"class":136},[39,35192,124],{"class":53},[39,35194,7382],{"class":120},[39,35196,486],{"class":53},[39,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35209],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,35200,31861],{"class":136},[39,35202,124],{"class":53},[39,35204,7382],{"class":120},[39,35206,117],{"class":53},[39,35208,34188],{"class":24457},[39,35210,130],{"class":53},[20,35212,35213],{},"And for modules:",[30,35215,35216],{"className":32,"code":34795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,35217,35218,35224,35228],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35219,35220,35222],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35221,34802],{"class":3584},[39,35223,34805],{"class":45},[39,35225,35226],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35227,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35229,35230,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35231,137],{"class":136},[39,35233,124],{"class":53},[39,35235,34082],{"class":136},[39,35237,124],{"class":53},[39,35239,18123],{"class":120},[39,35241,486],{"class":53},[20,35243,35244],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[30,35246,35248],{"className":32,"code":35247,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35249,35250,35255,35267,35277,35291,35297],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35251,35252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35253,35254],{"class":45},"python\n",[39,35256,35257,35259,35261,35263,35265],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35258,7592],{"class":45},[39,35260,50],{"class":49},[39,35262,572],{"class":517},[39,35264,3552],{"class":521},[39,35266,3062],{"class":517},[39,35268,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35270,34082],{"class":136},[39,35272,124],{"class":53},[39,35274,7382],{"class":120},[39,35276,130],{"class":53},[39,35278,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,35280,31861],{"class":136},[39,35282,124],{"class":53},[39,35284,7382],{"class":120},[39,35286,117],{"class":53},[39,35288,34188],{"class":24457},[39,35290,130],{"class":53},[39,35292,35293,35295],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,35294,34802],{"class":3584},[39,35296,34805],{"class":45},[39,35298,35299,35301,35303,35305],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,35300,34082],{"class":136},[39,35302,124],{"class":53},[39,35304,18123],{"class":120},[39,35306,130],{"class":53},[160,35308,1563],{"id":1562},[988,35310,4853,35312,4856],{"id":35311},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35313,34021],{},[20,35315,35316],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[988,35318,4890,35320,4104,35322,2199],{"id":35319},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35321,34021],{},[15,35323,34738],{},[20,35325,35326,35328,35329,35331],{},[15,35327,34021],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35330,34738],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[988,35333,35335,35336,35338],{"id":35334},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35337,34021],{}," output?",[20,35340,35341],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[988,35343,1577,35345,35347,35348,2199],{"id":35344},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35346,34021],{}," help fix ",[15,35349,25379],{},[20,35351,35352,35353,117],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[195,35354,35355],{"href":35131},"object has no attribute",[160,35357,1613],{"id":1612},[176,35359,35360,35366,35371,35375,35379],{},[179,35361,35362],{},[195,35363,13,35364,3213],{"href":34735},[15,35365,34738],{},[179,35367,35368],{},[195,35369,35370],{"href":35131},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[179,35372,35373],{},[195,35374,34862],{"href":34861},[179,35376,35377],{},[195,35378,34868],{"href":34867},[179,35380,35381],{},[195,35382,13,35383,3213],{"href":34519},[15,35384,2008],{},[20,35386,35387,35388,35390,35391,35393],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35389,34021],{}," together with ",[15,35392,34738],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1642,35395,35396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":35398},[35399,35400,35402,35407,35412,35414,35415,35421,35426,35433,35434,35444],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":34198,"depth":75,"text":35401},"What dir() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":35403},[35404,35406],{"id":34251,"depth":99,"text":35405},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34307,"depth":99,"text":34093},{"id":34375,"depth":75,"text":35408,"children":35409},"Using dir() with a value",[35410,35411],{"id":34387,"depth":99,"text":34388},{"id":34448,"depth":99,"text":34449},{"id":34528,"depth":75,"text":35413},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34628,"depth":75,"text":34629},{"id":34774,"depth":75,"text":35416,"children":35417},"dir() on modules",[35418,35420],{"id":34788,"depth":99,"text":35419},"Example: math module",{"id":34871,"depth":99,"text":34872},{"id":34921,"depth":75,"text":35422,"children":35423},"dir() vs help()",[35424,35425],{"id":34082,"depth":99,"text":34021},{"id":31861,"depth":99,"text":34738},{"id":25064,"depth":75,"text":25065,"children":35427},[35428,35430,35431,35432],{"id":35027,"depth":99,"text":35429},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35048,"depth":99,"text":35049},{"id":35058,"depth":99,"text":35059},{"id":35088,"depth":99,"text":35089},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":35435},[35436,35438,35440,35442],{"id":35311,"depth":99,"text":35437},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35319,"depth":99,"text":35439},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35334,"depth":99,"text":35441},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35344,"depth":99,"text":35443},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34013,"description":35445},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35452,"title":35453,"body":35454,"description":37273,"extension":1670,"meta":37274,"navigation":102,"path":37275,"seo":37276,"stem":37277,"__hash__":37278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35455,"toc":37242},[35456,35462,35467,35470,35478,35484,35486,35566,35568,35594,35599,35604,35609,35612,35623,35626,35628,35707,35709,35735,35742,35744,35746,35771,35774,35787,35792,35794,35875,35877,35903,35912,35917,35925,35931,35938,35941,35943,36022,36025,36082,36084,36121,36127,36132,36137,36140,36154,36156,36259,36261,36304,36313,36323,36330,36336,36343,36426,36428,36451,36454,36457,36459,36463,36467,36470,36533,36556,36559,36563,36569,36571,36638,36641,36718,36723,36729,36732,36735,36781,36783,36807,36812,36816,36821,36827,36890,36893,36895,36898,36922,36925,37060,37062,37163,37165,37170,37173,37179,37189,37197,37202,37208,37214,37216,37239],[10,35457,13,35459,3283],{"id":35458},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35460,35461],{},"enumerate()",[20,35463,35464,35466],{},[15,35465,35461],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35468,35469],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[176,35471,35472,35475],{},[179,35473,35474],{},"the item itself",[179,35476,35477],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35479,35480,35481,35483],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35482,35461],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[160,35485,1711],{"id":1710},[30,35487,35489],{"className":32,"code":35488,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35490,35491,35523,35527,35550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35492,35493,35495,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35494,12786],{"class":45},[39,35496,50],{"class":49},[39,35498,3327],{"class":53},[39,35500,562],{"class":517},[39,35502,565],{"class":521},[39,35504,562],{"class":517},[39,35506,61],{"class":53},[39,35508,572],{"class":517},[39,35510,584],{"class":521},[39,35512,562],{"class":517},[39,35514,61],{"class":53},[39,35516,572],{"class":517},[39,35518,575],{"class":521},[39,35520,562],{"class":517},[39,35522,3340],{"class":53},[39,35524,35525],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35526,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35528,35529,35531,35534,35536,35539,35541,35544,35546,35548],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35530,5671],{"class":3584},[39,35532,35533],{"class":45}," index",[39,35535,61],{"class":53},[39,35537,35538],{"class":45}," color ",[39,35540,3591],{"class":3584},[39,35542,35543],{"class":136}," enumerate",[39,35545,124],{"class":53},[39,35547,17209],{"class":120},[39,35549,8059],{"class":53},[39,35551,35552,35554,35556,35559,35561,35564],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,35553,7785],{"class":136},[39,35555,124],{"class":53},[39,35557,35558],{"class":120},"index",[39,35560,61],{"class":53},[39,35562,35563],{"class":120}," color",[39,35565,130],{"class":53},[20,35567,353],{},[30,35569,35571],{"className":32,"code":35570,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35572,35573,35580,35587],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35574,35575,35577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35576,1826],{"class":57},[39,35578,35579],{"class":45}," red\n",[39,35581,35582,35584],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35583,58],{"class":57},[39,35585,35586],{"class":45}," green\n",[39,35588,35589,35591],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35590,85],{"class":57},[39,35592,35593],{"class":45}," blue\n",[20,35595,154,35596,35598],{},[15,35597,35461],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[160,35600,3383,35602,3386],{"id":35601},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35603,35461],{},[20,35605,35606,35608],{},[15,35607,35461],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35610,35611],{},"It is commonly used with:",[176,35613,35614,35616,35618,35620],{},[179,35615,5011],{},[179,35617,5014],{},[179,35619,5020],{},[179,35621,35622],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35624,35625],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35627,267],{},[30,35629,35631],{"className":32,"code":35630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35632,35633,35667,35671,35692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35634,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651,35654,35656,35658,35660,35663,35665],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35636,4705],{"class":45},[39,35638,50],{"class":49},[39,35640,3327],{"class":53},[39,35642,562],{"class":517},[39,35644,12593],{"class":521},[39,35646,562],{"class":517},[39,35648,61],{"class":53},[39,35650,572],{"class":517},[39,35652,35653],{"class":521},"Ben",[39,35655,562],{"class":517},[39,35657,61],{"class":53},[39,35659,572],{"class":517},[39,35661,35662],{"class":521},"Cara",[39,35664,562],{"class":517},[39,35666,3340],{"class":53},[39,35668,35669],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35670,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35672,35673,35675,35677,35679,35682,35684,35686,35688,35690],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35674,5671],{"class":3584},[39,35676,35533],{"class":45},[39,35678,61],{"class":53},[39,35680,35681],{"class":45}," name ",[39,35683,3591],{"class":3584},[39,35685,35543],{"class":136},[39,35687,124],{"class":53},[39,35689,4749],{"class":120},[39,35691,8059],{"class":53},[39,35693,35694,35696,35698,35700,35702,35705],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,35695,7785],{"class":136},[39,35697,124],{"class":53},[39,35699,35558],{"class":120},[39,35701,61],{"class":53},[39,35703,35704],{"class":120}," name",[39,35706,130],{"class":53},[20,35708,353],{},[30,35710,35712],{"className":32,"code":35711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35713,35714,35721,35728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35715,35716,35718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35717,1826],{"class":57},[39,35719,35720],{"class":45}," Ana\n",[39,35722,35723,35725],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35724,58],{"class":57},[39,35726,35727],{"class":45}," Ben\n",[39,35729,35730,35732],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35731,85],{"class":57},[39,35733,35734],{"class":45}," Cara\n",[20,35736,35737,35738,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[195,35739,35741],{"href":35740},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[160,35743,202],{"id":201},[20,35745,1866],{},[30,35747,35749],{"className":32,"code":35748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35750,35751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35752,35753,35756,35758,35760,35762,35765,35767,35769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35754,35755],{"class":136},"enumerate",[39,35757,124],{"class":53},[39,35759,3426],{"class":120},[39,35761,61],{"class":53},[39,35763,35764],{"class":8893}," start",[39,35766,50],{"class":49},[39,35768,1826],{"class":57},[39,35770,130],{"class":53},[20,35772,35773],{},"It has two parts:",[176,35775,35776,35781],{},[179,35777,35778,35780],{},[15,35779,3426],{},": the object you want to loop through",[179,35782,35783,35786],{},[15,35784,35785],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35788,35789,35790,117],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35791,1826],{},[20,35793,267],{},[30,35795,35797],{"className":32,"code":35796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35798,35799,35832,35836,35859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35800,35801,35804,35806,35808,35810,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828,35830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35802,35803],{"class":45},"letters ",[39,35805,50],{"class":49},[39,35807,3327],{"class":53},[39,35809,562],{"class":517},[39,35811,195],{"class":521},[39,35813,562],{"class":517},[39,35815,61],{"class":53},[39,35817,572],{"class":517},[39,35819,127],{"class":521},[39,35821,562],{"class":517},[39,35823,61],{"class":53},[39,35825,572],{"class":517},[39,35827,9454],{"class":521},[39,35829,562],{"class":517},[39,35831,3340],{"class":53},[39,35833,35834],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35835,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35837,35838,35840,35843,35845,35848,35850,35852,35854,35857],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35839,5671],{"class":3584},[39,35841,35842],{"class":45}," i",[39,35844,61],{"class":53},[39,35846,35847],{"class":45}," letter ",[39,35849,3591],{"class":3584},[39,35851,35543],{"class":136},[39,35853,124],{"class":53},[39,35855,35856],{"class":120},"letters",[39,35858,8059],{"class":53},[39,35860,35861,35863,35865,35868,35870,35873],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,35862,7785],{"class":136},[39,35864,124],{"class":53},[39,35866,35867],{"class":120},"i",[39,35869,61],{"class":53},[39,35871,35872],{"class":120}," letter",[39,35874,130],{"class":53},[20,35876,353],{},[30,35878,35880],{"className":32,"code":35879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35881,35882,35889,35896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35883,35884,35886],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35885,1826],{"class":57},[39,35887,35888],{"class":45}," a\n",[39,35890,35891,35893],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35892,58],{"class":57},[39,35894,35895],{"class":45}," b\n",[39,35897,35898,35900],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35899,85],{"class":57},[39,35901,35902],{"class":45}," c\n",[20,35904,35905,35906,117],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[195,35907,13,35909,3213],{"href":35908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35910,35911],{},"range()",[160,35913,3383,35915,11417],{"id":35914},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35916,35461],{},[20,35918,35919,35921,35922,117],{},[15,35920,35461],{}," returns an ",[382,35923,35924],{},"enumerate object",[20,35926,35927,35928,35930],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35929,5671],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[176,35932,35933],{},[179,35934,35935],{},[15,35936,35937],{},"(index, item)",[20,35939,35940],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35942,267],{},[30,35944,35946],{"className":32,"code":35945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35947,35948,35981,35985,36007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35949,35950,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35951,35952],{"class":45},"fruits ",[39,35954,50],{"class":49},[39,35956,3327],{"class":53},[39,35958,562],{"class":517},[39,35960,3789],{"class":521},[39,35962,562],{"class":517},[39,35964,61],{"class":53},[39,35966,572],{"class":517},[39,35968,3798],{"class":521},[39,35970,562],{"class":517},[39,35972,61],{"class":53},[39,35974,572],{"class":517},[39,35976,32930],{"class":521},[39,35978,562],{"class":517},[39,35980,3340],{"class":53},[39,35982,35983],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,35984,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,35986,35987,35989,35991,35993,35996,35998,36000,36002,36005],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,35988,5671],{"class":3584},[39,35990,35533],{"class":45},[39,35992,61],{"class":53},[39,35994,35995],{"class":45}," fruit ",[39,35997,3591],{"class":3584},[39,35999,35543],{"class":136},[39,36001,124],{"class":53},[39,36003,36004],{"class":120},"fruits",[39,36006,8059],{"class":53},[39,36008,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017,36020],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36010,7785],{"class":136},[39,36012,124],{"class":53},[39,36014,35558],{"class":120},[39,36016,61],{"class":53},[39,36018,36019],{"class":120}," fruit",[39,36021,130],{"class":53},[20,36023,36024],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[30,36026,36028],{"className":32,"code":36027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36029,36030,36050,36054,36072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36031,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36033,1379],{"class":45},[39,36035,50],{"class":49},[39,36037,3327],{"class":53},[39,36039,2037],{"class":57},[39,36041,61],{"class":53},[39,36043,7505],{"class":57},[39,36045,61],{"class":53},[39,36047,7510],{"class":57},[39,36049,3340],{"class":53},[39,36051,36052],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36053,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36055,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064,36066,36068,36070],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36057,109],{"class":45},[39,36059,50],{"class":49},[39,36061,22266],{"class":478},[39,36063,124],{"class":53},[39,36065,35755],{"class":136},[39,36067,124],{"class":53},[39,36069,1457],{"class":120},[39,36071,486],{"class":53},[39,36073,36074,36076,36078,36080],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36075,137],{"class":136},[39,36077,124],{"class":53},[39,36079,142],{"class":120},[39,36081,130],{"class":53},[20,36083,353],{},[30,36085,36087],{"className":32,"code":36086,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36088,36089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36090,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36092,21448],{"class":53},[39,36094,1826],{"class":57},[39,36096,61],{"class":53},[39,36098,5718],{"class":57},[39,36100,8951],{"class":53},[39,36102,933],{"class":53},[39,36104,58],{"class":57},[39,36106,61],{"class":53},[39,36108,7505],{"class":57},[39,36110,8951],{"class":53},[39,36112,933],{"class":53},[39,36114,85],{"class":57},[39,36116,61],{"class":53},[39,36118,7510],{"class":57},[39,36120,8966],{"class":53},[20,36122,36123,36124,36126],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36125,35461],{}," produces.",[160,36128,4671,36130],{"id":36129},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36131,35461],{},[20,36133,154,36134,36136],{},[15,36135,35461],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36138,36139],{},"Common cases:",[176,36141,36142,36145,36148,36151],{},[179,36143,36144],{},"printing numbered output",[179,36146,36147],{},"building menus",[179,36149,36150],{},"showing positions in a list",[179,36152,36153],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36155,267],{},[30,36157,36159],{"className":32,"code":36158,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36160,36161,36196,36200,36230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36162,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36174,36176,36178,36180,36183,36185,36187,36189,36192,36194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36164,29607],{"class":45},[39,36166,50],{"class":49},[39,36168,3327],{"class":53},[39,36170,562],{"class":517},[39,36172,36173],{"class":521},"Wash dishes",[39,36175,562],{"class":517},[39,36177,61],{"class":53},[39,36179,572],{"class":517},[39,36181,36182],{"class":521},"Study Python",[39,36184,562],{"class":517},[39,36186,61],{"class":53},[39,36188,572],{"class":517},[39,36190,36191],{"class":521},"Go for a walk",[39,36193,562],{"class":517},[39,36195,3340],{"class":53},[39,36197,36198],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36199,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36201,36202,36204,36206,36208,36211,36213,36215,36217,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36203,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36205,1904],{"class":45},[39,36207,61],{"class":53},[39,36209,36210],{"class":45}," task ",[39,36212,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36214,35543],{"class":136},[39,36216,124],{"class":53},[39,36218,36219],{"class":120},"tasks",[39,36221,61],{"class":53},[39,36223,35764],{"class":8893},[39,36225,50],{"class":49},[39,36227,58],{"class":57},[39,36229,8059],{"class":53},[39,36231,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36253,36255,36257],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36233,7785],{"class":136},[39,36235,124],{"class":53},[39,36237,22001],{"class":513},[39,36239,562],{"class":521},[39,36241,363],{"class":57},[39,36243,1946],{"class":120},[39,36245,22010],{"class":57},[39,36247,28022],{"class":521},[39,36249,363],{"class":57},[39,36251,36252],{"class":120},"task",[39,36254,22010],{"class":57},[39,36256,562],{"class":521},[39,36258,130],{"class":53},[20,36260,353],{},[30,36262,36264],{"className":32,"code":36263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36265,36266,36278,36290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36267,36268,36270,36272,36275],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36269,58],{"class":57},[39,36271,117],{"class":53},[39,36273,36274],{"class":24457}," Wash",[39,36276,36277],{"class":45}," dishes\n",[39,36279,36280,36282,36284,36287],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36281,85],{"class":57},[39,36283,117],{"class":53},[39,36285,36286],{"class":24457}," Study",[39,36288,36289],{"class":45}," Python\n",[39,36291,36292,36294,36296,36299,36301],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36293,307],{"class":57},[39,36295,117],{"class":53},[39,36297,36298],{"class":24457}," Go",[39,36300,3585],{"class":3584},[39,36302,36303],{"class":45}," a walk\n",[20,36305,36306,36307,36309,36310,117],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36308,35461],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36311,36312],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36314,36315,36316,117],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[195,36317,36319,36320,36322],{"href":36318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36321,35461],{}," in Python",[160,36324,36326,36327,36329],{"id":36325},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36328,35785],{}," argument",[20,36331,36332,36333,36335],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36334,35785],{}," argument.",[20,36337,36338,36339,10806,36341,1250],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36340,58],{},[15,36342,1826],{},[30,36344,36346],{"className":32,"code":36345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36347,36348,36380,36384,36412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36349,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36351,12786],{"class":45},[39,36353,50],{"class":49},[39,36355,3327],{"class":53},[39,36357,562],{"class":517},[39,36359,565],{"class":521},[39,36361,562],{"class":517},[39,36363,61],{"class":53},[39,36365,572],{"class":517},[39,36367,584],{"class":521},[39,36369,562],{"class":517},[39,36371,61],{"class":53},[39,36373,572],{"class":517},[39,36375,575],{"class":521},[39,36377,562],{"class":517},[39,36379,3340],{"class":53},[39,36381,36382],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36383,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36385,36386,36388,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36387,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36389,35533],{"class":45},[39,36391,61],{"class":53},[39,36393,35538],{"class":45},[39,36395,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36397,35543],{"class":136},[39,36399,124],{"class":53},[39,36401,17209],{"class":120},[39,36403,61],{"class":53},[39,36405,35764],{"class":8893},[39,36407,50],{"class":49},[39,36409,58],{"class":57},[39,36411,8059],{"class":53},[39,36413,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36415,7785],{"class":136},[39,36417,124],{"class":53},[39,36419,35558],{"class":120},[39,36421,61],{"class":53},[39,36423,35563],{"class":120},[39,36425,130],{"class":53},[20,36427,353],{},[30,36429,36431],{"className":32,"code":36430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36432,36433,36439,36445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36434,36435,36437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36436,58],{"class":57},[39,36438,35579],{"class":45},[39,36440,36441,36443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36442,85],{"class":57},[39,36444,35586],{"class":45},[39,36446,36447,36449],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36448,307],{"class":57},[39,36450,35593],{"class":45},[20,36452,36453],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36455,36456],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[160,36458,25065],{"id":25064},[20,36460,25068,36461,117],{},[15,36462,35461],{},[988,36464,36466],{"id":36465},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36468,36469],{},"In this loop:",[30,36471,36473],{"className":32,"code":36472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36474,36475,36495,36499,36519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36476,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491,36493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36478,1379],{"class":45},[39,36480,50],{"class":49},[39,36482,3327],{"class":53},[39,36484,2037],{"class":57},[39,36486,61],{"class":53},[39,36488,7505],{"class":57},[39,36490,61],{"class":53},[39,36492,7510],{"class":57},[39,36494,3340],{"class":53},[39,36496,36497],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36498,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36500,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36502,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36504,35533],{"class":45},[39,36506,61],{"class":53},[39,36508,21292],{"class":45},[39,36510,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36512,35543],{"class":136},[39,36514,124],{"class":53},[39,36516,1457],{"class":120},[39,36518,8059],{"class":53},[39,36520,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36522,7785],{"class":136},[39,36524,124],{"class":53},[39,36526,35558],{"class":120},[39,36528,61],{"class":53},[39,36530,8150],{"class":120},[39,36532,130],{"class":53},[176,36534,36535,36545],{},[179,36536,36537,4493,36539,1896,36541,1896,36543],{},[15,36538,35558],{},[15,36540,1826],{},[15,36542,58],{},[15,36544,85],{},[179,36546,36547,4493,36549,1896,36551,1896,36553],{},[15,36548,2179],{},[15,36550,2037],{},[15,36552,15463],{},[15,36554,36555],{},"30",[20,36557,36558],{},"These are different things.",[988,36560,36562],{"id":36561},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36564,36565,36566,36568],{},"Each item from ",[15,36567,35461],{}," is a pair.",[20,36570,6400],{},[30,36572,36574],{"className":32,"code":36573,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36575,36576,36600,36604,36624],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36577,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36579,7494],{"class":45},[39,36581,50],{"class":49},[39,36583,3327],{"class":53},[39,36585,562],{"class":517},[39,36587,1880],{"class":521},[39,36589,562],{"class":517},[39,36591,61],{"class":53},[39,36593,572],{"class":517},[39,36595,11457],{"class":521},[39,36597,562],{"class":517},[39,36599,3340],{"class":53},[39,36601,36602],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36603,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36605,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36607,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36609,35842],{"class":45},[39,36611,61],{"class":53},[39,36613,5674],{"class":45},[39,36615,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36617,35543],{"class":136},[39,36619,124],{"class":53},[39,36621,7525],{"class":120},[39,36623,8059],{"class":53},[39,36625,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36627,7785],{"class":136},[39,36629,124],{"class":53},[39,36631,35867],{"class":120},[39,36633,61],{"class":53},[39,36635,29216],{"class":120},[39,36637,130],{"class":53},[20,36639,36640],{},"But this causes an error:",[30,36642,36644],{"className":32,"code":36643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36645,36646,36670,36674,36699],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36647,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36649,7494],{"class":45},[39,36651,50],{"class":49},[39,36653,3327],{"class":53},[39,36655,562],{"class":517},[39,36657,1880],{"class":521},[39,36659,562],{"class":517},[39,36661,61],{"class":53},[39,36663,572],{"class":517},[39,36665,11457],{"class":521},[39,36667,562],{"class":517},[39,36669,3340],{"class":53},[39,36671,36672],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36673,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36675,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36677,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36679,35842],{"class":45},[39,36681,61],{"class":53},[39,36683,29216],{"class":45},[39,36685,61],{"class":53},[39,36687,36688],{"class":45}," extra ",[39,36690,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36692,35543],{"class":136},[39,36694,124],{"class":53},[39,36696,7525],{"class":120},[39,36698,8059],{"class":53},[39,36700,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36716],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36702,7785],{"class":136},[39,36704,124],{"class":53},[39,36706,35867],{"class":120},[39,36708,61],{"class":53},[39,36710,29216],{"class":120},[39,36712,61],{"class":53},[39,36714,36715],{"class":120}," extra",[39,36717,130],{"class":53},[20,36719,28770,36720,36722],{},[15,36721,35461],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[988,36724,36726,36728],{"id":36725},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36727,35461],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36730,36731],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36733,36734],{},"Example with a string:",[30,36736,36738],{"className":32,"code":36737,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36739,36740,36766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36741,36742,36744,36746,36748,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36762,36764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36743,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36745,35533],{"class":45},[39,36747,61],{"class":53},[39,36749,36750],{"class":45}," char ",[39,36752,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36754,35543],{"class":136},[39,36756,124],{"class":53},[39,36758,562],{"class":517},[39,36760,36761],{"class":521},"cat",[39,36763,562],{"class":517},[39,36765,8059],{"class":53},[39,36767,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36779],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36769,7785],{"class":136},[39,36771,124],{"class":53},[39,36773,35558],{"class":120},[39,36775,61],{"class":53},[39,36777,36778],{"class":120}," char",[39,36780,130],{"class":53},[20,36782,353],{},[30,36784,36786],{"className":32,"code":36785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36787,36788,36794,36800],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36789,36790,36792],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36791,1826],{"class":57},[39,36793,35902],{"class":45},[39,36795,36796,36798],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36797,58],{"class":57},[39,36799,35888],{"class":45},[39,36801,36802,36804],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36803,85],{"class":57},[39,36805,36806],{"class":45}," t\n",[20,36808,36809,36810,117],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[195,36811,4847],{"href":5299},[988,36813,36815],{"id":36814},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36817,36818,36819,117],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36820,35461],{},[20,36822,36823,36824,36826],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36825,5671],{}," loop:",[30,36828,36830],{"className":32,"code":36829,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36831,36832,36864,36868,36880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36833,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36835,12786],{"class":45},[39,36837,50],{"class":49},[39,36839,3327],{"class":53},[39,36841,562],{"class":517},[39,36843,565],{"class":521},[39,36845,562],{"class":517},[39,36847,61],{"class":53},[39,36849,572],{"class":517},[39,36851,584],{"class":521},[39,36853,562],{"class":517},[39,36855,61],{"class":53},[39,36857,572],{"class":517},[39,36859,575],{"class":521},[39,36861,562],{"class":517},[39,36863,3340],{"class":53},[39,36865,36866],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36867,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,36869,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36871,5671],{"class":3584},[39,36873,35538],{"class":45},[39,36875,3591],{"class":3584},[39,36877,12832],{"class":45},[39,36879,6107],{"class":53},[39,36881,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,36883,7785],{"class":136},[39,36885,124],{"class":53},[39,36887,32600],{"class":120},[39,36889,130],{"class":53},[20,36891,36892],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[160,36894,2537],{"id":2536},[20,36896,36897],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[176,36899,36900,36905,36911,36916],{},[179,36901,22807,36902,36904],{},[15,36903,35461],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[179,36906,36907,36908,36910],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36909,1826],{}," by default",[179,36912,718,36913,36915],{},[15,36914,35461],{}," when only values are needed",[179,36917,1282,36918,1285,36920],{},[15,36919,35461],{},[15,36921,35911],{},[20,36923,36924],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[30,36926,36928],{"className":32,"code":36927,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36929,36930,36952,36979,37013,37046],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36931,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36933,137],{"class":136},[39,36935,124],{"class":53},[39,36937,35755],{"class":136},[39,36939,917],{"class":53},[39,36941,2037],{"class":57},[39,36943,61],{"class":53},[39,36945,7505],{"class":57},[39,36947,61],{"class":53},[39,36949,7510],{"class":57},[39,36951,2705],{"class":53},[39,36953,36954,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,36955,137],{"class":136},[39,36957,124],{"class":53},[39,36959,7810],{"class":478},[39,36961,124],{"class":53},[39,36963,35755],{"class":136},[39,36965,917],{"class":53},[39,36967,2037],{"class":57},[39,36969,61],{"class":53},[39,36971,7505],{"class":57},[39,36973,61],{"class":53},[39,36975,7510],{"class":57},[39,36977,36978],{"class":53},"])))\n",[39,36980,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,36982,137],{"class":136},[39,36984,124],{"class":53},[39,36986,7810],{"class":478},[39,36988,124],{"class":53},[39,36990,35755],{"class":136},[39,36992,917],{"class":53},[39,36994,2037],{"class":57},[39,36996,61],{"class":53},[39,36998,7505],{"class":57},[39,37000,61],{"class":53},[39,37002,7510],{"class":57},[39,37004,930],{"class":53},[39,37006,35764],{"class":8893},[39,37008,50],{"class":49},[39,37010,58],{"class":57},[39,37012,2619],{"class":53},[39,37014,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37016,5671],{"class":3584},[39,37018,35842],{"class":45},[39,37020,61],{"class":53},[39,37022,21292],{"class":45},[39,37024,3591],{"class":3584},[39,37026,35543],{"class":136},[39,37028,917],{"class":53},[39,37030,524],{"class":517},[39,37032,195],{"class":521},[39,37034,524],{"class":517},[39,37036,61],{"class":53},[39,37038,518],{"class":517},[39,37040,127],{"class":521},[39,37042,524],{"class":517},[39,37044,37045],{"class":53},"]):\n",[39,37047,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,37049,7785],{"class":136},[39,37051,124],{"class":53},[39,37053,35867],{"class":120},[39,37055,61],{"class":53},[39,37057,8150],{"class":120},[39,37059,130],{"class":53},[20,37061,16668],{},[30,37063,37065],{"className":32,"code":37064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37066,37067,37087,37119,37151,37157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37068,37069,37071,37073,37075,37078,37082,37085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37070,510],{"class":49},[39,37072,35755],{"class":136},[39,37074,24324],{"class":478},[39,37076,37077],{"class":45}," at ",[39,37079,37081],{"class":37080},"srjyR","0x",[39,37083,37084],{"class":34163},"...",[39,37086,527],{"class":49},[39,37088,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37090,21448],{"class":53},[39,37092,1826],{"class":57},[39,37094,61],{"class":53},[39,37096,5718],{"class":57},[39,37098,8951],{"class":53},[39,37100,933],{"class":53},[39,37102,58],{"class":57},[39,37104,61],{"class":53},[39,37106,7505],{"class":57},[39,37108,8951],{"class":53},[39,37110,933],{"class":53},[39,37112,85],{"class":57},[39,37114,61],{"class":53},[39,37116,7510],{"class":57},[39,37118,8966],{"class":53},[39,37120,37121,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37122,21448],{"class":53},[39,37124,58],{"class":57},[39,37126,61],{"class":53},[39,37128,5718],{"class":57},[39,37130,8951],{"class":53},[39,37132,933],{"class":53},[39,37134,85],{"class":57},[39,37136,61],{"class":53},[39,37138,7505],{"class":57},[39,37140,8951],{"class":53},[39,37142,933],{"class":53},[39,37144,307],{"class":57},[39,37146,61],{"class":53},[39,37148,7510],{"class":57},[39,37150,8966],{"class":53},[39,37152,37153,37155],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37154,1826],{"class":57},[39,37156,35888],{"class":45},[39,37158,37159,37161],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,37160,58],{"class":57},[39,37162,35895],{"class":45},[160,37164,1563],{"id":1562},[988,37166,4853,37168,4856],{"id":37167},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37169,35461],{},[20,37171,37172],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[988,37174,1567,37176,37178],{"id":37175},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37177,35461],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37180,37181,37182,37184,37185,37188],{},"It starts at ",[15,37183,1826],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37186,37187],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[988,37190,21128,37192,10806,37194,2199],{"id":37191},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37193,35461],{},[15,37195,37196],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37198,36306,37199,37201],{},[15,37200,35461],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[988,37203,1577,37205,37207],{"id":37204},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37206,35461],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37209,37210,37211,37213],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37212,35461],{}," can return each character with its index.",[160,37215,1613],{"id":1612},[176,37217,37218,37222,37228,37235],{},[179,37219,37220],{},[195,37221,35741],{"href":35740},[179,37223,37224],{},[195,37225,13,37226,3213],{"href":35908},[15,37227,35911],{},[179,37229,37230],{},[195,37231,37232,37233,36322],{"href":36318},"How to use ",[15,37234,35461],{},[179,37236,37237],{},[195,37238,4927],{"href":5299},[1642,37240,37241],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":37243},[37244,37245,37247,37248,37250,37252,37254,37261,37262,37272],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":35601,"depth":75,"text":37246},"What enumerate() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":35914,"depth":75,"text":37249},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36129,"depth":75,"text":37251},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36325,"depth":75,"text":37253},"Using the start argument",{"id":25064,"depth":75,"text":25065,"children":37255},[37256,37257,37258,37260],{"id":36465,"depth":99,"text":36466},{"id":36561,"depth":99,"text":36562},{"id":36725,"depth":99,"text":37259},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36814,"depth":99,"text":36815},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":37263},[37264,37266,37268,37270],{"id":37167,"depth":99,"text":37265},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37175,"depth":99,"text":37267},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37191,"depth":99,"text":37269},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37204,"depth":99,"text":37271},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35453,"description":37273},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37280,"title":37281,"body":37282,"description":39797,"extension":1670,"meta":39798,"navigation":102,"path":39799,"seo":39800,"stem":39801,"__hash__":39802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37283,"toc":39754},[37284,37290,37295,37298,37306,37320,37322,37412,37420,37425,37430,37432,37448,37450,37529,37531,37548,37554,37558,37560,37581,37585,37588,37600,37604,37607,37610,37627,37630,37706,37708,37725,37730,37734,37742,37745,37760,37762,37851,37853,37898,37901,37905,37908,37987,37989,38011,38014,38021,38026,38029,38132,38134,38159,38162,38169,38175,38180,38183,38194,38300,38302,38323,38331,38338,38344,38363,38368,38371,38390,38392,38477,38479,38508,38511,38516,38521,38524,38535,38537,38626,38628,38648,38654,38760,38762,38782,38785,38869,38871,38891,38898,38900,38904,38910,38913,38970,38973,38976,39037,39046,39049,39052,39080,39083,39143,39145,39162,39166,39169,39247,39249,39269,39272,39347,39351,39354,39356,39365,39370,39372,39423,39431,39443,39448,39509,39511,39528,39532,39595,39597,39622,39630,39632,39638,39644,39651,39659,39665,39668,39675,39685,39691,39697,39700,39717,39723,39725,39751],[10,37285,13,37287,3283],{"id":37286},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37288,37289],{},"filter()",[20,37291,37292,37294],{},[15,37293,37289],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37296,37297],{},"It takes:",[176,37299,37300,37303],{},[179,37301,37302],{},"a function that checks each item",[179,37304,37305],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37307,37308,37309,37312,37313,37316,37317,37319],{},"The result is ",[382,37310,37311],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37314,37315],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37318,24488],{}," to see the values.",[160,37321,1711],{"id":1710},[30,37323,37325],{"className":32,"code":37324,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37326,37327,37359,37395],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37328,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37330,1379],{"class":45},[39,37332,50],{"class":49},[39,37334,3327],{"class":53},[39,37336,58],{"class":57},[39,37338,61],{"class":53},[39,37340,64],{"class":57},[39,37342,61],{"class":53},[39,37344,69],{"class":57},[39,37346,61],{"class":53},[39,37348,94],{"class":57},[39,37350,61],{"class":53},[39,37352,316],{"class":57},[39,37354,61],{"class":53},[39,37356,806],{"class":57},[39,37358,3340],{"class":53},[39,37360,37361,37363,37365,37368,37370,37373,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37362,109],{"class":45},[39,37364,50],{"class":49},[39,37366,37367],{"class":136}," filter",[39,37369,124],{"class":53},[39,37371,37372],{"class":513},"lambda",[39,37374,37376],{"class":37375},"sFwrP"," x",[39,37378,1250],{"class":53},[39,37380,3588],{"class":120},[39,37382,6117],{"class":49},[39,37384,64],{"class":57},[39,37386,6122],{"class":49},[39,37388,3540],{"class":57},[39,37390,61],{"class":53},[39,37392,1433],{"class":120},[39,37394,130],{"class":53},[39,37396,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37398,137],{"class":136},[39,37400,124],{"class":53},[39,37402,7810],{"class":478},[39,37404,124],{"class":53},[39,37406,142],{"class":120},[39,37408,5073],{"class":53},[39,37410,37411],{"class":150},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37413,37414,37416,37417,37419],{},[15,37415,37289],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37418,24488],{}," to see the results.",[160,37421,3383,37423,3386],{"id":37422},"what-filter-does",[15,37424,37289],{},[20,37426,37427,37429],{},[15,37428,37289],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37431,1813],{},[176,37433,37434,37437,37443],{},[179,37435,37436],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[179,37438,37439,37440,37442],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37441,3308],{},", the item is kept",[179,37444,37439,37445,37447],{},[15,37446,3379],{},", the item is removed",[20,37449,267],{},[30,37451,37453],{"className":32,"code":37452,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37454,37455,37483,37487,37515],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37456,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37458,1379],{"class":45},[39,37460,50],{"class":49},[39,37462,3327],{"class":53},[39,37464,58],{"class":57},[39,37466,61],{"class":53},[39,37468,64],{"class":57},[39,37470,61],{"class":53},[39,37472,69],{"class":57},[39,37474,61],{"class":53},[39,37476,94],{"class":57},[39,37478,61],{"class":53},[39,37480,316],{"class":57},[39,37482,3340],{"class":53},[39,37484,37485],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37486,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,37488,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37490,109],{"class":45},[39,37492,50],{"class":49},[39,37494,37367],{"class":136},[39,37496,124],{"class":53},[39,37498,37372],{"class":513},[39,37500,37376],{"class":37375},[39,37502,1250],{"class":53},[39,37504,3588],{"class":120},[39,37506,3963],{"class":49},[39,37508,69],{"class":57},[39,37510,61],{"class":53},[39,37512,1433],{"class":120},[39,37514,130],{"class":53},[39,37516,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37518,137],{"class":136},[39,37520,124],{"class":53},[39,37522,7810],{"class":478},[39,37524,124],{"class":53},[39,37526,142],{"class":120},[39,37528,486],{"class":53},[20,37530,353],{},[30,37532,37534],{"className":32,"code":37533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37535,37536],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37537,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37539,3609],{"class":53},[39,37541,2212],{"class":57},[39,37543,61],{"class":53},[39,37545,316],{"class":57},[39,37547,3340],{"class":53},[20,37549,37550,37551,37553],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37552,307],{}," are kept.",[160,37555,37557],{"id":37556},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37559,1866],{},[30,37561,37563],{"className":32,"code":37562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37564,37565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37566,37567,37569,37571,37574,37576,37579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37568,37315],{"class":136},[39,37570,124],{"class":53},[39,37572,37573],{"class":120},"function",[39,37575,61],{"class":53},[39,37577,37578],{"class":120}," iterable",[39,37580,130],{"class":53},[988,37582,37583],{"id":37573},[15,37584,37573],{},[20,37586,37587],{},"This is the test function.",[176,37589,37590,37593],{},[179,37591,37592],{},"It receives one item at a time",[179,37594,37595,37596,1292,37598],{},"It should return ",[15,37597,3308],{},[15,37599,3379],{},[988,37601,37602],{"id":3426},[15,37603,3426],{},[20,37605,37606],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37608,37609],{},"It can be:",[176,37611,37612,37615,37618,37621,37624],{},[179,37613,37614],{},"a list",[179,37616,37617],{},"a tuple",[179,37619,37620],{},"a string",[179,37622,37623],{},"a set",[179,37625,37626],{},"another iterable object",[20,37628,37629],{},"Example with a tuple:",[30,37631,37633],{"className":32,"code":37632,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37634,37635,37660,37664,37692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37636,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37638,1379],{"class":45},[39,37640,50],{"class":49},[39,37642,933],{"class":53},[39,37644,2037],{"class":57},[39,37646,61],{"class":53},[39,37648,37649],{"class":57}," 15",[39,37651,61],{"class":53},[39,37653,7505],{"class":57},[39,37655,61],{"class":53},[39,37657,9022],{"class":57},[39,37659,130],{"class":53},[39,37661,37662],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37663,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,37665,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37667,109],{"class":45},[39,37669,50],{"class":49},[39,37671,37367],{"class":136},[39,37673,124],{"class":53},[39,37675,37372],{"class":513},[39,37677,37376],{"class":37375},[39,37679,1250],{"class":53},[39,37681,3588],{"class":120},[39,37683,4809],{"class":49},[39,37685,7505],{"class":57},[39,37687,61],{"class":53},[39,37689,1433],{"class":120},[39,37691,130],{"class":53},[39,37693,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37695,137],{"class":136},[39,37697,124],{"class":53},[39,37699,7810],{"class":478},[39,37701,124],{"class":53},[39,37703,142],{"class":120},[39,37705,486],{"class":53},[20,37707,353],{},[30,37709,37711],{"className":32,"code":37710,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37712,37713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37714,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37716,3609],{"class":53},[39,37718,15463],{"class":57},[39,37720,61],{"class":53},[39,37722,9022],{"class":57},[39,37724,3340],{"class":53},[20,37726,37727,37728,117],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[195,37729,4847],{"href":5299},[160,37731,37733],{"id":37732},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37735,37736,37737,380,37739,117],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37738,37289],{},[382,37740,37741],{},"filter object",[20,37743,37744],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[176,37746,37747,37750,37755],{},[179,37748,37749],{},"loop through it",[179,37751,37752,37753],{},"convert it with ",[15,37754,24488],{},[179,37756,37752,37757],{},[15,37758,37759],{},"tuple()",[20,37761,267],{},[30,37763,37765],{"className":32,"code":37764,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37766,37767,37809,37813,37823,37837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37768,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37770,109],{"class":45},[39,37772,50],{"class":49},[39,37774,37367],{"class":136},[39,37776,124],{"class":53},[39,37778,37372],{"class":513},[39,37780,37376],{"class":37375},[39,37782,1250],{"class":53},[39,37784,3588],{"class":120},[39,37786,3963],{"class":49},[39,37788,64],{"class":57},[39,37790,61],{"class":53},[39,37792,3327],{"class":53},[39,37794,58],{"class":57},[39,37796,61],{"class":53},[39,37798,64],{"class":57},[39,37800,61],{"class":53},[39,37802,69],{"class":57},[39,37804,61],{"class":53},[39,37806,94],{"class":57},[39,37808,3597],{"class":53},[39,37810,37811],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37812,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,37814,37815,37817,37819,37821],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37816,137],{"class":136},[39,37818,124],{"class":53},[39,37820,142],{"class":120},[39,37822,130],{"class":53},[39,37824,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37826,137],{"class":136},[39,37828,124],{"class":53},[39,37830,479],{"class":478},[39,37832,124],{"class":53},[39,37834,142],{"class":120},[39,37836,486],{"class":53},[39,37838,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,37840,137],{"class":136},[39,37842,124],{"class":53},[39,37844,7810],{"class":478},[39,37846,124],{"class":53},[39,37848,142],{"class":120},[39,37850,486],{"class":53},[20,37852,353],{},[30,37854,37856],{"className":32,"code":37855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37857,37858,37872,37886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37859,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37861,510],{"class":49},[39,37863,37315],{"class":136},[39,37865,24324],{"class":478},[39,37867,37077],{"class":45},[39,37869,37084],{"class":34163},[39,37871,527],{"class":49},[39,37873,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37875,510],{"class":49},[39,37877,514],{"class":513},[39,37879,518],{"class":517},[39,37881,37315],{"class":521},[39,37883,524],{"class":517},[39,37885,527],{"class":49},[39,37887,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37889,3609],{"class":53},[39,37891,307],{"class":57},[39,37893,61],{"class":53},[39,37895,94],{"class":57},[39,37897,3340],{"class":53},[20,37899,37900],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[988,37902,37904],{"id":37903},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37906,37907],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[30,37909,37911],{"className":32,"code":37910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37912,37913,37955,37959,37973],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37914,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37916,109],{"class":45},[39,37918,50],{"class":49},[39,37920,37367],{"class":136},[39,37922,124],{"class":53},[39,37924,37372],{"class":513},[39,37926,37376],{"class":37375},[39,37928,1250],{"class":53},[39,37930,3588],{"class":120},[39,37932,3963],{"class":49},[39,37934,64],{"class":57},[39,37936,61],{"class":53},[39,37938,3327],{"class":53},[39,37940,58],{"class":57},[39,37942,61],{"class":53},[39,37944,64],{"class":57},[39,37946,61],{"class":53},[39,37948,69],{"class":57},[39,37950,61],{"class":53},[39,37952,94],{"class":57},[39,37954,3597],{"class":53},[39,37956,37957],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,37958,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,37960,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,37962,137],{"class":136},[39,37964,124],{"class":53},[39,37966,7810],{"class":478},[39,37968,124],{"class":53},[39,37970,142],{"class":120},[39,37972,486],{"class":53},[39,37974,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,37976,137],{"class":136},[39,37978,124],{"class":53},[39,37980,7810],{"class":478},[39,37982,124],{"class":53},[39,37984,142],{"class":120},[39,37986,486],{"class":53},[20,37988,353],{},[30,37990,37992],{"className":32,"code":37991,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37993,37994,38006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37995,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37997,3609],{"class":53},[39,37999,307],{"class":57},[39,38001,61],{"class":53},[39,38003,94],{"class":57},[39,38005,3340],{"class":53},[39,38007,38008],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38009,38010],{"class":53},"[]\n",[20,38012,38013],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[160,38015,718,38017,1285,38019],{"id":38016},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38018,37289],{},[15,38020,37372],{},[20,38022,14898,38023,38025],{},[15,38024,37372],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38027,38028],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[30,38030,38032],{"className":32,"code":38031,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38033,38034,38076,38080,38118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38035,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38072,38074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38037,3780],{"class":45},[39,38039,50],{"class":49},[39,38041,3327],{"class":53},[39,38043,562],{"class":517},[39,38045,3789],{"class":521},[39,38047,562],{"class":517},[39,38049,61],{"class":53},[39,38051,572],{"class":517},[39,38053,38054],{"class":521},"kiwi",[39,38056,562],{"class":517},[39,38058,61],{"class":53},[39,38060,572],{"class":517},[39,38062,3798],{"class":521},[39,38064,562],{"class":517},[39,38066,61],{"class":53},[39,38068,572],{"class":517},[39,38070,38071],{"class":521},"fig",[39,38073,562],{"class":517},[39,38075,3340],{"class":53},[39,38077,38078],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38079,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38081,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38095,38097,38100,38102,38105,38107,38110,38112,38114,38116],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38083,109],{"class":45},[39,38085,50],{"class":49},[39,38087,37367],{"class":136},[39,38089,124],{"class":53},[39,38091,37372],{"class":513},[39,38093,38094],{"class":37375}," word",[39,38096,1250],{"class":53},[39,38098,38099],{"class":136}," len",[39,38101,124],{"class":53},[39,38103,38104],{"class":120},"word",[39,38106,3366],{"class":53},[39,38108,38109],{"class":49}," >",[39,38111,94],{"class":57},[39,38113,61],{"class":53},[39,38115,5882],{"class":120},[39,38117,130],{"class":53},[39,38119,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38121,137],{"class":136},[39,38123,124],{"class":53},[39,38125,7810],{"class":478},[39,38127,124],{"class":53},[39,38129,142],{"class":120},[39,38131,486],{"class":53},[20,38133,353],{},[30,38135,38137],{"className":32,"code":38136,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38138,38139],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38140,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38142,3609],{"class":53},[39,38144,524],{"class":517},[39,38146,3789],{"class":521},[39,38148,524],{"class":517},[39,38150,61],{"class":53},[39,38152,518],{"class":517},[39,38154,3798],{"class":521},[39,38156,524],{"class":517},[39,38158,3340],{"class":53},[20,38160,38161],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38163,38164,38165,117],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[195,38166,38168],{"href":38167},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[160,38170,718,38172,38174],{"id":38171},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38173,37289],{}," with a named function",[20,38176,38177,38178,117],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38179,37372],{},[20,38181,38182],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[176,38184,38185,38188,38191],{},[179,38186,38187],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[179,38189,38190],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[179,38192,38193],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[30,38195,38197],{"className":32,"code":38196,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38198,38199,38212,38227,38231,38263,38282,38286],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38200,38201,38203,38206,38208,38210],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38202,34562],{"class":513},[39,38204,38205],{"class":34565}," is_even",[39,38207,124],{"class":53},[39,38209,1946],{"class":37375},[39,38211,8059],{"class":53},[39,38213,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38215,34573],{"class":3584},[39,38217,6100],{"class":45},[39,38219,6117],{"class":49},[39,38221,64],{"class":57},[39,38223,6122],{"class":49},[39,38225,38226],{"class":57}," 0\n",[39,38228,38229],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38230,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38232,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38234,1379],{"class":45},[39,38236,50],{"class":49},[39,38238,3327],{"class":53},[39,38240,58],{"class":57},[39,38242,61],{"class":53},[39,38244,64],{"class":57},[39,38246,61],{"class":53},[39,38248,69],{"class":57},[39,38250,61],{"class":53},[39,38252,94],{"class":57},[39,38254,61],{"class":53},[39,38256,316],{"class":57},[39,38258,61],{"class":53},[39,38260,806],{"class":57},[39,38262,3340],{"class":53},[39,38264,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38276,38278,38280],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,38266,109],{"class":45},[39,38268,50],{"class":49},[39,38270,37367],{"class":136},[39,38272,124],{"class":53},[39,38274,38275],{"class":120},"is_even",[39,38277,61],{"class":53},[39,38279,1433],{"class":120},[39,38281,130],{"class":53},[39,38283,38284],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,38285,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38287,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,38289,137],{"class":136},[39,38291,124],{"class":53},[39,38293,7810],{"class":478},[39,38295,124],{"class":53},[39,38297,142],{"class":120},[39,38299,486],{"class":53},[20,38301,353],{},[30,38303,38305],{"className":32,"code":38304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38306,38307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38308,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38310,3609],{"class":53},[39,38312,85],{"class":57},[39,38314,61],{"class":53},[39,38316,94],{"class":57},[39,38318,61],{"class":53},[39,38320,806],{"class":57},[39,38322,3340],{"class":53},[20,38324,20478,38325,2104,38328,38330],{},[15,38326,38327],{},"is_even()",[15,38329,3308],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[160,38332,718,38334,1285,38336],{"id":38333},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38335,3484],{},[15,38337,37289],{},[20,38339,38340,38341,38343],{},"You can pass ",[15,38342,3484],{}," as the first argument:",[30,38345,38347],{"className":32,"code":38346,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38348,38349],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38350,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38352,37315],{"class":136},[39,38354,124],{"class":53},[39,38356,3484],{"class":3559},[39,38358,61],{"class":53},[39,38360,37578],{"class":120},[39,38362,130],{"class":53},[20,38364,38365,38366,7053],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[382,38367,5309],{},[20,38369,38370],{},"Falsy values include:",[176,38372,38373,38377,38382,38386],{},[179,38374,38375],{},[15,38376,1826],{},[179,38378,38379,38381],{},[15,38380,3479],{}," (empty string)",[179,38383,38384],{},[15,38385,3484],{},[179,38387,38388],{},[15,38389,3379],{},[20,38391,267],{},[30,38393,38395],{"className":32,"code":38394,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38396,38397,38441,38445,38463],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38398,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38400,7494],{"class":45},[39,38402,50],{"class":49},[39,38404,3327],{"class":53},[39,38406,1826],{"class":57},[39,38408,61],{"class":53},[39,38410,5210],{"class":57},[39,38412,61],{"class":53},[39,38414,5840],{"class":517},[39,38416,61],{"class":53},[39,38418,572],{"class":517},[39,38420,3552],{"class":521},[39,38422,562],{"class":517},[39,38424,61],{"class":53},[39,38426,3560],{"class":3559},[39,38428,61],{"class":53},[39,38430,3625],{"class":3559},[39,38432,61],{"class":53},[39,38434,3616],{"class":3559},[39,38436,61],{"class":53},[39,38438,316],{"class":57},[39,38440,3340],{"class":53},[39,38442,38443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38444,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38446,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38448,109],{"class":45},[39,38450,50],{"class":49},[39,38452,37367],{"class":136},[39,38454,124],{"class":53},[39,38456,3484],{"class":3559},[39,38458,61],{"class":53},[39,38460,5679],{"class":120},[39,38462,130],{"class":53},[39,38464,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38466,137],{"class":136},[39,38468,124],{"class":53},[39,38470,7810],{"class":478},[39,38472,124],{"class":53},[39,38474,142],{"class":120},[39,38476,486],{"class":53},[20,38478,353],{},[30,38480,38482],{"className":32,"code":38481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38483,38484],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38485,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38487,3609],{"class":53},[39,38489,58],{"class":57},[39,38491,61],{"class":53},[39,38493,518],{"class":517},[39,38495,3552],{"class":521},[39,38497,524],{"class":517},[39,38499,61],{"class":53},[39,38501,3625],{"class":3559},[39,38503,61],{"class":53},[39,38505,316],{"class":57},[39,38507,3340],{"class":53},[20,38509,38510],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[160,38512,4671,38514],{"id":38513},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38515,37289],{},[20,38517,154,38518,38520],{},[15,38519,37289],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38522,38523],{},"It works well for:",[176,38525,38526,38529,38532],{},[179,38527,38528],{},"simple filtering rules",[179,38530,38531],{},"quick data cleaning",[179,38533,38534],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38536,267],{},[30,38538,38540],{"className":32,"code":38539,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38541,38542,38574,38607,38611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38545,1379],{"class":45},[39,38547,50],{"class":49},[39,38549,3327],{"class":53},[39,38551,58],{"class":57},[39,38553,61],{"class":53},[39,38555,64],{"class":57},[39,38557,61],{"class":53},[39,38559,69],{"class":57},[39,38561,61],{"class":53},[39,38563,94],{"class":57},[39,38565,61],{"class":53},[39,38567,316],{"class":57},[39,38569,61],{"class":53},[39,38571,806],{"class":57},[39,38573,3340],{"class":53},[39,38575,38576,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38577,38578],{"class":45},"evens ",[39,38580,50],{"class":49},[39,38582,37367],{"class":136},[39,38584,124],{"class":53},[39,38586,37372],{"class":513},[39,38588,37376],{"class":37375},[39,38590,1250],{"class":53},[39,38592,3588],{"class":120},[39,38594,6117],{"class":49},[39,38596,64],{"class":57},[39,38598,6122],{"class":49},[39,38600,3540],{"class":57},[39,38602,61],{"class":53},[39,38604,1433],{"class":120},[39,38606,130],{"class":53},[39,38608,38609],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38610,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38612,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38624],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38614,137],{"class":136},[39,38616,124],{"class":53},[39,38618,7810],{"class":478},[39,38620,124],{"class":53},[39,38622,38623],{"class":120},"evens",[39,38625,486],{"class":53},[20,38627,353],{},[30,38629,38630],{"className":32,"code":38304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38631,38632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38633,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38635,3609],{"class":53},[39,38637,85],{"class":57},[39,38639,61],{"class":53},[39,38641,94],{"class":57},[39,38643,61],{"class":53},[39,38645,806],{"class":57},[39,38647,3340],{"class":53},[20,38649,38650,38651,38653],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38652,5671],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[30,38655,38657],{"className":32,"code":38656,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38658,38659,38691,38699,38703,38715,38731,38746,38750],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38660,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38662,1379],{"class":45},[39,38664,50],{"class":49},[39,38666,3327],{"class":53},[39,38668,58],{"class":57},[39,38670,61],{"class":53},[39,38672,64],{"class":57},[39,38674,61],{"class":53},[39,38676,69],{"class":57},[39,38678,61],{"class":53},[39,38680,94],{"class":57},[39,38682,61],{"class":53},[39,38684,316],{"class":57},[39,38686,61],{"class":53},[39,38688,806],{"class":57},[39,38690,3340],{"class":53},[39,38692,38693,38695,38697],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38694,38578],{"class":45},[39,38696,50],{"class":49},[39,38698,7554],{"class":53},[39,38700,38701],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38702,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38706,5671],{"class":3584},[39,38708,6100],{"class":45},[39,38710,3591],{"class":3584},[39,38712,1433],{"class":45},[39,38714,6107],{"class":53},[39,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,38718,6112],{"class":3584},[39,38720,6100],{"class":45},[39,38722,6117],{"class":49},[39,38724,64],{"class":57},[39,38726,6122],{"class":49},[39,38728,3540],{"class":57},[39,38730,6107],{"class":53},[39,38732,38733,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,38734,38735],{"class":45},"        evens",[39,38737,117],{"class":53},[39,38739,13262],{"class":120},[39,38741,124],{"class":53},[39,38743,1946],{"class":120},[39,38745,130],{"class":53},[39,38747,38748],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,38749,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38751,38752,38754,38756,38758],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,38753,137],{"class":136},[39,38755,124],{"class":53},[39,38757,38623],{"class":120},[39,38759,130],{"class":53},[20,38761,353],{},[30,38763,38764],{"className":32,"code":38304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38765,38766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38767,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38769,3609],{"class":53},[39,38771,85],{"class":57},[39,38773,61],{"class":53},[39,38775,94],{"class":57},[39,38777,61],{"class":53},[39,38779,806],{"class":57},[39,38781,3340],{"class":53},[20,38783,38784],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[30,38786,38788],{"className":32,"code":38787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38789,38790,38822,38855,38859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38793,1379],{"class":45},[39,38795,50],{"class":49},[39,38797,3327],{"class":53},[39,38799,58],{"class":57},[39,38801,61],{"class":53},[39,38803,64],{"class":57},[39,38805,61],{"class":53},[39,38807,69],{"class":57},[39,38809,61],{"class":53},[39,38811,94],{"class":57},[39,38813,61],{"class":53},[39,38815,316],{"class":57},[39,38817,61],{"class":53},[39,38819,806],{"class":57},[39,38821,3340],{"class":53},[39,38823,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38825,38578],{"class":45},[39,38827,50],{"class":49},[39,38829,3327],{"class":53},[39,38831,1924],{"class":45},[39,38833,5671],{"class":3584},[39,38835,6100],{"class":45},[39,38837,3591],{"class":3584},[39,38839,38840],{"class":45}," numbers ",[39,38842,6710],{"class":3584},[39,38844,6100],{"class":45},[39,38846,6117],{"class":49},[39,38848,64],{"class":57},[39,38850,6122],{"class":49},[39,38852,3540],{"class":57},[39,38854,3340],{"class":53},[39,38856,38857],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,38858,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,38860,38861,38863,38865,38867],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,38862,137],{"class":136},[39,38864,124],{"class":53},[39,38866,38623],{"class":120},[39,38868,130],{"class":53},[20,38870,353],{},[30,38872,38873],{"className":32,"code":38304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38874,38875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38878,3609],{"class":53},[39,38880,85],{"class":57},[39,38882,61],{"class":53},[39,38884,94],{"class":57},[39,38886,61],{"class":53},[39,38888,806],{"class":57},[39,38890,3340],{"class":53},[20,38892,38893,38894,117],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[195,38895,38897],{"href":38896},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[160,38899,2537],{"id":2536},[20,38901,1247,38902,117],{},[15,38903,37289],{},[988,38905,8170,38907,38909],{"id":38906},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38908,37289],{}," to return a list",[20,38911,38912],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[30,38914,38916],{"className":32,"code":38915,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38917,38918,38960],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38919,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38921,109],{"class":45},[39,38923,50],{"class":49},[39,38925,37367],{"class":136},[39,38927,124],{"class":53},[39,38929,37372],{"class":513},[39,38931,37376],{"class":37375},[39,38933,1250],{"class":53},[39,38935,3588],{"class":120},[39,38937,3963],{"class":49},[39,38939,64],{"class":57},[39,38941,61],{"class":53},[39,38943,3327],{"class":53},[39,38945,58],{"class":57},[39,38947,61],{"class":53},[39,38949,64],{"class":57},[39,38951,61],{"class":53},[39,38953,69],{"class":57},[39,38955,61],{"class":53},[39,38957,94],{"class":57},[39,38959,3597],{"class":53},[39,38961,38962,38964,38966,38968],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,38963,137],{"class":136},[39,38965,124],{"class":53},[39,38967,142],{"class":120},[39,38969,130],{"class":53},[20,38971,38972],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38974,38975],{},"Fix:",[30,38977,38979],{"className":32,"code":38978,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38980,38981,39023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38982,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38984,109],{"class":45},[39,38986,50],{"class":49},[39,38988,37367],{"class":136},[39,38990,124],{"class":53},[39,38992,37372],{"class":513},[39,38994,37376],{"class":37375},[39,38996,1250],{"class":53},[39,38998,3588],{"class":120},[39,39000,3963],{"class":49},[39,39002,64],{"class":57},[39,39004,61],{"class":53},[39,39006,3327],{"class":53},[39,39008,58],{"class":57},[39,39010,61],{"class":53},[39,39012,64],{"class":57},[39,39014,61],{"class":53},[39,39016,69],{"class":57},[39,39018,61],{"class":53},[39,39020,94],{"class":57},[39,39022,3597],{"class":53},[39,39024,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39026,137],{"class":136},[39,39028,124],{"class":53},[39,39030,7810],{"class":478},[39,39032,124],{"class":53},[39,39034,142],{"class":120},[39,39036,486],{"class":53},[988,39038,39040,39041,1292,39043,39045],{"id":39039},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39042,3308],{},[15,39044,3379],{}," clearly",[20,39047,39048],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39050,39051],{},"Good example:",[30,39053,39055],{"className":32,"code":39054,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39056,39057,39070],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39058,39059,39061,39064,39066,39068],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39060,34562],{"class":513},[39,39062,39063],{"class":34565}," is_positive",[39,39065,124],{"class":53},[39,39067,1946],{"class":37375},[39,39069,8059],{"class":53},[39,39071,39072,39074,39076,39078],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39073,34573],{"class":3584},[39,39075,6100],{"class":45},[39,39077,3963],{"class":49},[39,39079,38226],{"class":57},[20,39081,39082],{},"Then use it with:",[30,39084,39086],{"className":32,"code":39085,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39087,39088,39120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39089,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39091,1379],{"class":45},[39,39093,50],{"class":49},[39,39095,3327],{"class":53},[39,39097,1730],{"class":49},[39,39099,85],{"class":57},[39,39101,61],{"class":53},[39,39103,1929],{"class":49},[39,39105,58],{"class":57},[39,39107,61],{"class":53},[39,39109,3540],{"class":57},[39,39111,61],{"class":53},[39,39113,5210],{"class":57},[39,39115,61],{"class":53},[39,39117,64],{"class":57},[39,39119,3340],{"class":53},[39,39121,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39137,39139,39141],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39123,137],{"class":136},[39,39125,124],{"class":53},[39,39127,7810],{"class":478},[39,39129,124],{"class":53},[39,39131,37315],{"class":136},[39,39133,124],{"class":53},[39,39135,39136],{"class":120},"is_positive",[39,39138,61],{"class":53},[39,39140,1433],{"class":120},[39,39142,2619],{"class":53},[20,39144,353],{},[30,39146,39148],{"className":32,"code":39147,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39149,39150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39151,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39153,3609],{"class":53},[39,39155,58],{"class":57},[39,39157,61],{"class":53},[39,39159,64],{"class":57},[39,39161,3340],{"class":53},[988,39163,39165],{"id":39164},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39167,39168],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[30,39170,39171],{"className":32,"code":37910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,39172,39173,39215,39219,39233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39174,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39176,109],{"class":45},[39,39178,50],{"class":49},[39,39180,37367],{"class":136},[39,39182,124],{"class":53},[39,39184,37372],{"class":513},[39,39186,37376],{"class":37375},[39,39188,1250],{"class":53},[39,39190,3588],{"class":120},[39,39192,3963],{"class":49},[39,39194,64],{"class":57},[39,39196,61],{"class":53},[39,39198,3327],{"class":53},[39,39200,58],{"class":57},[39,39202,61],{"class":53},[39,39204,64],{"class":57},[39,39206,61],{"class":53},[39,39208,69],{"class":57},[39,39210,61],{"class":53},[39,39212,94],{"class":57},[39,39214,3597],{"class":53},[39,39216,39217],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39218,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,39220,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,39222,137],{"class":136},[39,39224,124],{"class":53},[39,39226,7810],{"class":478},[39,39228,124],{"class":53},[39,39230,142],{"class":120},[39,39232,486],{"class":53},[39,39234,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,39236,137],{"class":136},[39,39238,124],{"class":53},[39,39240,7810],{"class":478},[39,39242,124],{"class":53},[39,39244,142],{"class":120},[39,39246,486],{"class":53},[20,39248,353],{},[30,39250,39251],{"className":32,"code":37991,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,39252,39253,39265],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39254,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39256,3609],{"class":53},[39,39258,307],{"class":57},[39,39260,61],{"class":53},[39,39262,94],{"class":57},[39,39264,3340],{"class":53},[39,39266,39267],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39268,38010],{"class":53},[20,39270,39271],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[30,39273,39275],{"className":32,"code":39274,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39276,39277,39323,39327,39337],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39278,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39280,109],{"class":45},[39,39282,50],{"class":49},[39,39284,22266],{"class":478},[39,39286,124],{"class":53},[39,39288,37315],{"class":136},[39,39290,124],{"class":53},[39,39292,37372],{"class":513},[39,39294,37376],{"class":37375},[39,39296,1250],{"class":53},[39,39298,3588],{"class":120},[39,39300,3963],{"class":49},[39,39302,64],{"class":57},[39,39304,61],{"class":53},[39,39306,3327],{"class":53},[39,39308,58],{"class":57},[39,39310,61],{"class":53},[39,39312,64],{"class":57},[39,39314,61],{"class":53},[39,39316,69],{"class":57},[39,39318,61],{"class":53},[39,39320,94],{"class":57},[39,39322,2705],{"class":53},[39,39324,39325],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39326,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,39328,39329,39331,39333,39335],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,39330,137],{"class":136},[39,39332,124],{"class":53},[39,39334,142],{"class":120},[39,39336,130],{"class":53},[39,39338,39339,39341,39343,39345],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,39340,137],{"class":136},[39,39342,124],{"class":53},[39,39344,142],{"class":120},[39,39346,130],{"class":53},[988,39348,39350],{"id":39349},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39352,39353],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39355,16353],{},[30,39357,39359],{"className":32,"code":39358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39360,39361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39362,39363],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39364,39358],{"class":150},[20,39366,39367,39368,6263],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39369,2037],{},[20,39371,16365],{},[30,39373,39375],{"className":32,"code":39374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39376,39377],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39378,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39380,137],{"class":136},[39,39382,124],{"class":53},[39,39384,7810],{"class":478},[39,39386,124],{"class":53},[39,39388,37315],{"class":136},[39,39390,124],{"class":53},[39,39392,37372],{"class":513},[39,39394,37376],{"class":37375},[39,39396,1250],{"class":53},[39,39398,3588],{"class":120},[39,39400,3963],{"class":49},[39,39402,64],{"class":57},[39,39404,61],{"class":53},[39,39406,3327],{"class":53},[39,39408,58],{"class":57},[39,39410,61],{"class":53},[39,39412,64],{"class":57},[39,39414,61],{"class":53},[39,39416,69],{"class":57},[39,39418,61],{"class":53},[39,39420,94],{"class":57},[39,39422,36978],{"class":53},[988,39424,1282,39426,1285,39428],{"id":39425},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39427,37289],{},[15,39429,39430],{},"map()",[176,39432,39433,39438],{},[179,39434,39435,39437],{},[15,39436,37289],{}," keeps or removes items",[179,39439,39440,39442],{},[15,39441,39430],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39444,39445,39446,1250],{},"Example of ",[15,39447,37289],{},[30,39449,39451],{"className":32,"code":39450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39452,39453,39477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39454,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39456,1379],{"class":45},[39,39458,50],{"class":49},[39,39460,3327],{"class":53},[39,39462,58],{"class":57},[39,39464,61],{"class":53},[39,39466,64],{"class":57},[39,39468,61],{"class":53},[39,39470,69],{"class":57},[39,39472,61],{"class":53},[39,39474,94],{"class":57},[39,39476,3340],{"class":53},[39,39478,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39480,137],{"class":136},[39,39482,124],{"class":53},[39,39484,7810],{"class":478},[39,39486,124],{"class":53},[39,39488,37315],{"class":136},[39,39490,124],{"class":53},[39,39492,37372],{"class":513},[39,39494,37376],{"class":37375},[39,39496,1250],{"class":53},[39,39498,3588],{"class":120},[39,39500,3963],{"class":49},[39,39502,64],{"class":57},[39,39504,61],{"class":53},[39,39506,1433],{"class":120},[39,39508,2619],{"class":53},[20,39510,353],{},[30,39512,39514],{"className":32,"code":39513,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39515,39516],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39517,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39519,3609],{"class":53},[39,39521,307],{"class":57},[39,39523,61],{"class":53},[39,39525,94],{"class":57},[39,39527,3340],{"class":53},[20,39529,39445,39530,1250],{},[15,39531,39430],{},[30,39533,39535],{"className":32,"code":39534,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39536,39537,39561],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39538,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39540,1379],{"class":45},[39,39542,50],{"class":49},[39,39544,3327],{"class":53},[39,39546,58],{"class":57},[39,39548,61],{"class":53},[39,39550,64],{"class":57},[39,39552,61],{"class":53},[39,39554,69],{"class":57},[39,39556,61],{"class":53},[39,39558,94],{"class":57},[39,39560,3340],{"class":53},[39,39562,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39587,39589,39591,39593],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39564,137],{"class":136},[39,39566,124],{"class":53},[39,39568,7810],{"class":478},[39,39570,124],{"class":53},[39,39572,39573],{"class":136},"map",[39,39575,124],{"class":53},[39,39577,37372],{"class":513},[39,39579,37376],{"class":37375},[39,39581,1250],{"class":53},[39,39583,3588],{"class":120},[39,39585,39586],{"class":49},"*",[39,39588,64],{"class":57},[39,39590,61],{"class":53},[39,39592,1433],{"class":120},[39,39594,2619],{"class":53},[20,39596,353],{},[30,39598,39600],{"className":32,"code":39599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39601,39602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39603,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39605,3609],{"class":53},[39,39607,85],{"class":57},[39,39609,61],{"class":53},[39,39611,94],{"class":57},[39,39613,61],{"class":53},[39,39615,806],{"class":57},[39,39617,61],{"class":53},[39,39619,6073],{"class":57},[39,39621,3340],{"class":53},[20,39623,39624,39625,117],{},"For the related function, see ",[195,39626,13,39628,3213],{"href":39627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39629,39430],{},[160,39631,1563],{"id":1562},[988,39633,1567,39635,39637],{"id":39634},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39636,37289],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39639,39640,39641,39643],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39642,24488],{}," if needed.",[988,39645,39647,39648,39650],{"id":39646},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39649,37289],{}," need to return?",[20,39652,37595,39653,39655,39656,39658],{},[15,39654,3308],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39657,3379],{}," to remove it.",[988,39660,28037,39662,39664],{"id":39661},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39663,37289],{}," without lambda?",[20,39666,39667],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[988,39669,4853,39671,39674],{"id":39670},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39672,39673],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39676,39677,39678,39680,39681,16781,39683,117],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39679,1826],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39682,3484],{},[15,39684,3379],{},[988,39686,21128,39688,39690],{"id":39687},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39689,37289],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39692,39693,39694,39696],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39695,5671],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39698,39699],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[176,39701,39702,39708,39714],{},[179,39703,39704,39705,39707],{},"use ",[15,39706,37289],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[179,39709,39710,39711,39713],{},"use a ",[15,39712,5671],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[179,39715,39716],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39718,39719,39720,117],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[195,39721,4843],{"href":39722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[160,39724,1613],{"id":1612},[176,39726,39727,39732,39736,39741,39747],{},[179,39728,39729],{},[195,39730,39731],{"href":38167},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[179,39733,39734],{},[195,39735,4932],{"href":39722},[179,39737,39738],{},[195,39739,39740],{"href":38896},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[179,39742,39743],{},[195,39744,13,39745,3213],{"href":39627},[15,39746,39430],{},[179,39748,39749],{},[195,39750,4927],{"href":5299},[1642,39752,39753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":39755},[39756,39757,39759,39763,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39784,39796],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":37422,"depth":75,"text":39758},"What filter() does",{"id":37556,"depth":75,"text":37557,"children":39760},[39761,39762],{"id":37573,"depth":99,"text":37573},{"id":3426,"depth":99,"text":3426},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733,"children":39764},[39765],{"id":37903,"depth":99,"text":37904},{"id":38016,"depth":75,"text":39767},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38171,"depth":75,"text":39769},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38333,"depth":75,"text":39771},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38513,"depth":75,"text":39773},"When to use filter()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":39775},[39776,39778,39780,39781,39782],{"id":38906,"depth":99,"text":39777},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39039,"depth":99,"text":39779},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39164,"depth":99,"text":39165},{"id":39349,"depth":99,"text":39350},{"id":39425,"depth":99,"text":39783},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":39785},[39786,39788,39790,39792,39794],{"id":39634,"depth":99,"text":39787},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39646,"depth":99,"text":39789},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39661,"depth":99,"text":39791},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39670,"depth":99,"text":39793},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39687,"depth":99,"text":39795},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37281,"description":39797},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39804,"title":39805,"body":39806,"description":41959,"extension":1670,"meta":41960,"navigation":102,"path":41961,"seo":41962,"stem":41963,"__hash__":41964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39807,"toc":41913},[39808,39811,39816,39822,39824,39876,39878,39897,39902,39906,39911,39914,39929,39932,39954,39956,40005,40007,40031,40033,40035,40050,40055,40063,40078,40080,40089,40092,40127,40131,40136,40140,40147,40182,40184,40200,40204,40207,40248,40250,40264,40268,40271,40295,40297,40306,40310,40313,40346,40348,40361,40365,40371,40390,40392,40400,40404,40409,40413,40419,40442,40444,40473,40476,40495,40499,40502,40529,40531,40565,40569,40572,40596,40600,40611,40613,40618,40624,40626,40710,40712,40754,40757,40761,40768,40777,40833,40840,40849,40854,40858,40929,40931,40940,40944,40947,40991,40993,41002,41006,41012,41062,41066,41071,41075,41099,41101,41110,41114,41138,41140,41151,41155,41179,41181,41190,41193,41210,41216,41220,41226,41229,41234,41237,41258,41260,41292,41295,41300,41302,41313,41315,41359,41363,41370,41422,41424,41433,41437,41440,41533,41536,41560,41564,41567,41659,41664,41668,41675,41680,41704,41706,41715,41720,41743,41745,41753,41760,41783,41791,41793,41806,41816,41818,41822,41829,41833,41842,41846,41853,41857,41861,41865,41878,41880,41910],[10,39809,39805],{"id":39810},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39812,8840,39813,39815],{},[15,39814,2591],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39817,39818,39819,39821],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39820,2591],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[160,39823,1711],{"id":1710},[30,39825,39827],{"className":32,"code":39826,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39828,39829,39843,39862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39830,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39832,137],{"class":136},[39,39834,124],{"class":53},[39,39836,1899],{"class":478},[39,39838,124],{"class":53},[39,39840,1843],{"class":57},[39,39842,486],{"class":53},[39,39844,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39858,39860],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39846,137],{"class":136},[39,39848,124],{"class":53},[39,39850,1899],{"class":478},[39,39852,124],{"class":53},[39,39854,562],{"class":517},[39,39856,39857],{"class":521},"3.14",[39,39859,562],{"class":517},[39,39861,486],{"class":53},[39,39863,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,39865,137],{"class":136},[39,39867,124],{"class":53},[39,39869,1899],{"class":478},[39,39871,124],{"class":53},[39,39873,3308],{"class":3559},[39,39875,486],{"class":53},[20,39877,353],{},[30,39879,39881],{"className":32,"code":39880,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39882,39883,39887,39892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39884,39885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39886,2186],{"class":57},[39,39888,39889],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39890,39891],{"class":57},"3.14\n",[39,39893,39894],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,39895,39896],{"class":57},"1.0\n",[20,39898,154,39899,39901],{},[15,39900,2591],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[160,39903,39905],{"id":39904},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39907,39908,39910],{},[15,39909,2591],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39912,39913],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[176,39915,39916,39920,39924],{},[179,39917,39918],{},[15,39919,2198],{},[179,39921,39922],{},[15,39923,39857],{},[179,39925,39926],{},[15,39927,39928],{},"0.5",[20,39930,39931],{},"A few key points:",[176,39933,39934,39941,39944,39947],{},[179,39935,39936,39938,39939],{},[15,39937,2591],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39940,1899],{},[179,39942,39943],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[179,39945,39946],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[179,39948,39949,39950],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[195,39951,39952],{"href":7936},[15,39953,2665],{},[20,39955,267],{},[30,39957,39959],{"className":32,"code":39958,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39960,39961,39981,39991],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39962,39963,39965,39967,39970,39972,39974,39977,39979],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39964,1924],{"class":45},[39,39966,50],{"class":49},[39,39968,39969],{"class":478}," float",[39,39971,124],{"class":53},[39,39973,562],{"class":517},[39,39975,39976],{"class":521},"2.75",[39,39978,562],{"class":517},[39,39980,130],{"class":53},[39,39982,39983,39985,39987,39989],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,39984,137],{"class":136},[39,39986,124],{"class":53},[39,39988,1946],{"class":120},[39,39990,130],{"class":53},[39,39992,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,39994,137],{"class":136},[39,39996,124],{"class":53},[39,39998,479],{"class":478},[39,40000,124],{"class":53},[39,40002,1946],{"class":120},[39,40004,486],{"class":53},[20,40006,353],{},[30,40008,40010],{"className":32,"code":40009,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40011,40012,40017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40013,40014],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40015,40016],{"class":57},"2.75\n",[39,40018,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40020,510],{"class":49},[39,40022,514],{"class":513},[39,40024,518],{"class":517},[39,40026,1899],{"class":521},[39,40028,524],{"class":517},[39,40030,527],{"class":49},[160,40032,202],{"id":201},[20,40034,6931],{},[30,40036,40038],{"className":32,"code":40037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"float(value)\n",[15,40039,40040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40041,40042,40044,40046,40048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40043,1899],{"class":478},[39,40045,124],{"class":53},[39,40047,2179],{"class":120},[39,40049,130],{"class":53},[20,40051,40052,40053,117],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40054,2591],{},[20,40056,40057,40058,40060,40061,1250],{},"If you call ",[15,40059,2591],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40062,3474],{},[30,40064,40066],{"className":32,"code":40065,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float())\n",[15,40067,40068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40069,40070,40072,40074,40076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40071,137],{"class":136},[39,40073,124],{"class":53},[39,40075,1899],{"class":478},[39,40077,6907],{"class":53},[20,40079,353],{},[30,40081,40083],{"className":32,"code":40082,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0.0\n",[15,40084,40085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40086,40087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40088,40082],{"class":57},[20,40090,40091],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[30,40093,40095],{"className":32,"code":40094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40096,40097,40117],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40098,40099,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40113,40115],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40100,40101],{"class":45},"price ",[39,40103,50],{"class":49},[39,40105,39969],{"class":478},[39,40107,124],{"class":53},[39,40109,562],{"class":517},[39,40111,40112],{"class":521},"19.99",[39,40114,562],{"class":517},[39,40116,130],{"class":53},[39,40118,40119,40121,40123,40125],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40120,137],{"class":136},[39,40122,124],{"class":53},[39,40124,24857],{"class":120},[39,40126,130],{"class":53},[160,40128,40130],{"id":40129},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40132,40133,40135],{},[15,40134,2591],{}," can convert several common value types.",[988,40137,40139],{"id":40138},"integers","Integers",[20,40141,40142,40143,40146],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40144,40145],{},".0"," added:",[30,40148,40150],{"className":32,"code":40149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40151,40152,40166],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40153,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40155,137],{"class":136},[39,40157,124],{"class":53},[39,40159,1899],{"class":478},[39,40161,124],{"class":53},[39,40163,1843],{"class":57},[39,40165,486],{"class":53},[39,40167,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176,40178,40180],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40169,137],{"class":136},[39,40171,124],{"class":53},[39,40173,1899],{"class":478},[39,40175,124],{"class":53},[39,40177,1730],{"class":49},[39,40179,85],{"class":57},[39,40181,486],{"class":53},[20,40183,353],{},[30,40185,40187],{"className":32,"code":40186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40188,40189,40193],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40190,40191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40192,2186],{"class":57},[39,40194,40195,40197],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40196,1730],{"class":49},[39,40198,40199],{"class":57},"2.0\n",[988,40201,40203],{"id":40202},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40205,40206],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[30,40208,40210],{"className":32,"code":40209,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40211,40212,40230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40213,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40215,137],{"class":136},[39,40217,124],{"class":53},[39,40219,1899],{"class":478},[39,40221,124],{"class":53},[39,40223,562],{"class":517},[39,40225,39857],{"class":521},[39,40227,562],{"class":517},[39,40229,486],{"class":53},[39,40231,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242,40244,40246],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40233,137],{"class":136},[39,40235,124],{"class":53},[39,40237,1899],{"class":478},[39,40239,124],{"class":53},[39,40241,562],{"class":517},[39,40243,2037],{"class":521},[39,40245,562],{"class":517},[39,40247,486],{"class":53},[20,40249,353],{},[30,40251,40253],{"className":32,"code":40252,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40254,40255,40259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40256,40257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40258,39891],{"class":57},[39,40260,40261],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40262,40263],{"class":57},"10.0\n",[988,40265,40267],{"id":40266},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40269,40270],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[30,40272,40274],{"className":32,"code":40273,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40275,40276],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40277,40278,40280,40282,40284,40286,40288,40291,40293],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40279,137],{"class":136},[39,40281,124],{"class":53},[39,40283,1899],{"class":478},[39,40285,124],{"class":53},[39,40287,562],{"class":517},[39,40289,40290],{"class":521},"  8.5  ",[39,40292,562],{"class":517},[39,40294,486],{"class":53},[20,40296,353],{},[30,40298,40300],{"className":32,"code":40299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8.5\n",[15,40301,40302],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40303,40304],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40305,40299],{"class":57},[988,40307,40309],{"id":40308},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40311,40312],{},"Boolean values also work:",[30,40314,40316],{"className":32,"code":40315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40317,40318,40332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40319,40320,40322,40324,40326,40328,40330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40321,137],{"class":136},[39,40323,124],{"class":53},[39,40325,1899],{"class":478},[39,40327,124],{"class":53},[39,40329,3308],{"class":3559},[39,40331,486],{"class":53},[39,40333,40334,40336,40338,40340,40342,40344],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40335,137],{"class":136},[39,40337,124],{"class":53},[39,40339,1899],{"class":478},[39,40341,124],{"class":53},[39,40343,3379],{"class":3559},[39,40345,486],{"class":53},[20,40347,353],{},[30,40349,40351],{"className":32,"code":40350,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40352,40353,40357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40354,40355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40356,39896],{"class":57},[39,40358,40359],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40360,40082],{"class":57},[988,40362,40364],{"id":40363},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40366,40367,40368,40370],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40369,2591],{}," returns a float version of it:",[30,40372,40374],{"className":32,"code":40373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40375,40376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40377,40378,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40379,137],{"class":136},[39,40381,124],{"class":53},[39,40383,1899],{"class":478},[39,40385,124],{"class":53},[39,40387,2069],{"class":57},[39,40389,486],{"class":53},[20,40391,353],{},[30,40393,40394],{"className":32,"code":2093,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,40395,40396],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40397,40398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40399,2093],{"class":57},[160,40401,40403],{"id":40402},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40405,40406,40407,117],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40408,2591],{},[988,40410,40412],{"id":40411},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40414,40415,40416,1250],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40417,40418],{},"ValueError",[30,40420,40422],{"className":32,"code":40421,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40423,40424],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40425,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40427,137],{"class":136},[39,40429,124],{"class":53},[39,40431,1899],{"class":478},[39,40433,124],{"class":53},[39,40435,562],{"class":517},[39,40437,3552],{"class":521},[39,40439,562],{"class":517},[39,40441,486],{"class":53},[20,40443,29390],{},[30,40445,40447],{"className":32,"code":40446,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40448,40449],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40450,40451,40453,40455,40458,40460,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40452,40418],{"class":478},[39,40454,1250],{"class":53},[39,40456,40457],{"class":45}," could ",[39,40459,4340],{"class":49},[39,40461,40462],{"class":45}," convert string to ",[39,40464,1899],{"class":478},[39,40466,1250],{"class":53},[39,40468,518],{"class":517},[39,40470,3552],{"class":521},[39,40472,29409],{"class":517},[20,40474,40475],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[30,40477,40479],{"className":32,"code":40478,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40480,40481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40482,40483,40485,40487,40489,40491,40493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40484,137],{"class":136},[39,40486,124],{"class":53},[39,40488,1899],{"class":478},[39,40490,124],{"class":53},[39,40492,5986],{"class":517},[39,40494,486],{"class":53},[988,40496,40498],{"id":40497},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40500,40501],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[30,40503,40505],{"className":32,"code":40504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40506,40507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525,40527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40510,137],{"class":136},[39,40512,124],{"class":53},[39,40514,1899],{"class":478},[39,40516,917],{"class":53},[39,40518,58],{"class":57},[39,40520,61],{"class":53},[39,40522,64],{"class":57},[39,40524,61],{"class":53},[39,40526,69],{"class":57},[39,40528,2705],{"class":53},[20,40530,29390],{},[30,40532,40534],{"className":32,"code":40533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40535,40536],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40537,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40549,40552,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40539,2711],{"class":478},[39,40541,1250],{"class":53},[39,40543,39969],{"class":478},[39,40545,7079],{"class":53},[39,40547,40548],{"class":45}," argument must be a string ",[39,40550,40551],{"class":49},"or",[39,40553,40554],{"class":45}," a real number",[39,40556,61],{"class":53},[39,40558,7816],{"class":49},[39,40560,518],{"class":517},[39,40562,7810],{"class":521},[39,40564,29409],{"class":517},[988,40566,40568],{"id":40567},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40570,40571],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[30,40573,40575],{"className":32,"code":40574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40576,40577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40578,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40592,40594],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40580,137],{"class":136},[39,40582,124],{"class":53},[39,40584,1899],{"class":478},[39,40586,124],{"class":53},[39,40588,562],{"class":517},[39,40590,40591],{"class":521},"3,14",[39,40593,562],{"class":517},[39,40595,486],{"class":53},[20,40597,2708,40598,117],{},[15,40599,40418],{},[20,40601,40602,40603,4104,40607,117],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[195,40604,40606],{"href":40605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[195,40608,40610],{"href":40609},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[160,40612,375],{"id":374},[20,40614,40615,40617],{},[15,40616,2591],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40619,40620,40621,40623],{},"It does ",[382,40622,4340],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40625,267],{},[30,40627,40629],{"className":32,"code":40628,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40630,40631,40644,40658,40662,40672,40682,40696],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639,40642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40634,34398],{"class":45},[39,40636,50],{"class":49},[39,40638,572],{"class":517},[39,40640,40641],{"class":521},"6.5",[39,40643,3062],{"class":517},[39,40645,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40647,1924],{"class":45},[39,40649,50],{"class":49},[39,40651,39969],{"class":478},[39,40653,124],{"class":53},[39,40655,34419],{"class":120},[39,40657,130],{"class":53},[39,40659,40660],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,40661,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,40663,40664,40666,40668,40670],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,40665,137],{"class":136},[39,40667,124],{"class":53},[39,40669,34419],{"class":120},[39,40671,130],{"class":53},[39,40673,40674,40676,40678,40680],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,40675,137],{"class":136},[39,40677,124],{"class":53},[39,40679,1946],{"class":120},[39,40681,130],{"class":53},[39,40683,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,40685,137],{"class":136},[39,40687,124],{"class":53},[39,40689,479],{"class":478},[39,40691,124],{"class":53},[39,40693,34419],{"class":120},[39,40695,486],{"class":53},[39,40697,40698,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,40699,137],{"class":136},[39,40701,124],{"class":53},[39,40703,479],{"class":478},[39,40705,124],{"class":53},[39,40707,1946],{"class":120},[39,40709,486],{"class":53},[20,40711,353],{},[30,40713,40715],{"className":32,"code":40714,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40716,40717,40722,40726,40740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40718,40719],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40720,40721],{"class":57},"6.5\n",[39,40723,40724],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40725,40721],{"class":57},[39,40727,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,40729,510],{"class":49},[39,40731,514],{"class":513},[39,40733,518],{"class":517},[39,40735,3147],{"class":521},[39,40737,524],{"class":517},[39,40739,527],{"class":49},[39,40741,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,40743,510],{"class":49},[39,40745,514],{"class":513},[39,40747,518],{"class":517},[39,40749,1899],{"class":521},[39,40751,524],{"class":517},[39,40753,527],{"class":49},[20,40755,40756],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[160,40758,40760],{"id":40759},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[988,40762,40764,40765,40767],{"id":40763},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40766,2665],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40769,22,40770,40774,40775,117],{},[195,40771,40772,2009],{"href":7936},[15,40773,2665],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40776,2591],{},[30,40778,40780],{"className":32,"code":40779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40781,40782,40801,40815,40819],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40797,40799],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40785,7954],{"class":45},[39,40787,50],{"class":49},[39,40789,7959],{"class":136},[39,40791,124],{"class":53},[39,40793,562],{"class":517},[39,40795,40796],{"class":521},"Enter a price: ",[39,40798,562],{"class":517},[39,40800,130],{"class":53},[39,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40804,40101],{"class":45},[39,40806,50],{"class":49},[39,40808,39969],{"class":478},[39,40810,124],{"class":53},[39,40812,7983],{"class":120},[39,40814,130],{"class":53},[39,40816,40817],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,40818,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,40822,137],{"class":136},[39,40824,124],{"class":53},[39,40826,40101],{"class":120},[39,40828,39586],{"class":49},[39,40830,64],{"class":57},[39,40832,130],{"class":53},[20,40834,40835,40836,40839],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40837,40838],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[30,40841,40843],{"className":32,"code":40842,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"9.0\n",[15,40844,40845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40846,40847],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40848,40842],{"class":57},[20,40850,40851,40852,117],{},"For more help with this, see ",[195,40853,8698],{"href":8697},[988,40855,40857],{"id":40856},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[30,40859,40861],{"className":32,"code":40860,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40862,40863,40876,40889,40893,40918],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871,40874],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40866,46],{"class":45},[39,40868,50],{"class":49},[39,40870,572],{"class":517},[39,40872,40873],{"class":521},"2.5",[39,40875,3062],{"class":517},[39,40877,40878,40880,40882,40884,40887],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40879,78],{"class":45},[39,40881,50],{"class":49},[39,40883,572],{"class":517},[39,40885,40886],{"class":521},"1.5",[39,40888,3062],{"class":517},[39,40890,40891],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,40892,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,40894,40895,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,40896,40897],{"class":45},"total ",[39,40899,50],{"class":49},[39,40901,39969],{"class":478},[39,40903,124],{"class":53},[39,40905,195],{"class":120},[39,40907,3366],{"class":53},[39,40909,2161],{"class":49},[39,40911,39969],{"class":478},[39,40913,124],{"class":53},[39,40915,127],{"class":120},[39,40917,130],{"class":53},[39,40919,40920,40922,40924,40927],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,40921,137],{"class":136},[39,40923,124],{"class":53},[39,40925,40926],{"class":120},"total",[39,40928,130],{"class":53},[20,40930,353],{},[30,40932,40934],{"className":32,"code":40933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4.0\n",[15,40935,40936],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40937,40938],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40939,40933],{"class":57},[988,40941,40943],{"id":40942},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40945,40946],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[30,40948,40950],{"className":32,"code":40949,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40951,40952,40962,40977,40981],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40953,40954,40957,40959],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40955,40956],{"class":45},"count ",[39,40958,50],{"class":49},[39,40960,40961],{"class":57}," 7\n",[39,40963,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972,40975],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,40965,109],{"class":45},[39,40967,50],{"class":49},[39,40969,39969],{"class":478},[39,40971,124],{"class":53},[39,40973,40974],{"class":120},"count",[39,40976,130],{"class":53},[39,40978,40979],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,40980,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,40982,40983,40985,40987,40989],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,40984,137],{"class":136},[39,40986,124],{"class":53},[39,40988,142],{"class":120},[39,40990,130],{"class":53},[20,40992,353],{},[30,40994,40996],{"className":32,"code":40995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.0\n",[15,40997,40998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40999,41000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41001,40995],{"class":57},[988,41003,41005],{"id":41004},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41007,41008,41009,41011],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41010,2591],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[30,41013,41015],{"className":32,"code":41014,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41016,41017,41031,41047,41051],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41018,41019,41022,41024,41026,41029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41020,41021],{"class":45},"temperature_text ",[39,41023,50],{"class":49},[39,41025,572],{"class":517},[39,41027,41028],{"class":521},"21.8",[39,41030,3062],{"class":517},[39,41032,41033,41036,41038,41040,41042,41045],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41034,41035],{"class":45},"temperature ",[39,41037,50],{"class":49},[39,41039,39969],{"class":478},[39,41041,124],{"class":53},[39,41043,41044],{"class":120},"temperature_text",[39,41046,130],{"class":53},[39,41048,41049],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,41050,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,41052,41053,41055,41057,41060],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,41054,137],{"class":136},[39,41056,124],{"class":53},[39,41058,41059],{"class":120},"temperature",[39,41061,130],{"class":53},[160,41063,41065],{"id":41064},"special-values","Special values",[20,41067,41068,41070],{},[15,41069,2591],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[988,41072,41074],{"id":41073},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[30,41076,41078],{"className":32,"code":41077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41079,41080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41081,41082,41084,41086,41088,41090,41092,41095,41097],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41083,137],{"class":136},[39,41085,124],{"class":53},[39,41087,1899],{"class":478},[39,41089,124],{"class":53},[39,41091,562],{"class":517},[39,41093,41094],{"class":521},"inf",[39,41096,562],{"class":517},[39,41098,486],{"class":53},[20,41100,353],{},[30,41102,41104],{"className":32,"code":41103,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"inf\n",[15,41105,41106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41107,41108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41109,41103],{"class":45},[988,41111,41113],{"id":41112},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[30,41115,41117],{"className":32,"code":41116,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41118,41119],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41120,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41134,41136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41122,137],{"class":136},[39,41124,124],{"class":53},[39,41126,1899],{"class":478},[39,41128,124],{"class":53},[39,41130,562],{"class":517},[39,41132,41133],{"class":521},"-inf",[39,41135,562],{"class":517},[39,41137,486],{"class":53},[20,41139,353],{},[30,41141,41143],{"className":32,"code":41142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-inf\n",[15,41144,41145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41146,41147,41149],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41148,1730],{"class":49},[39,41150,41103],{"class":45},[988,41152,41154],{"id":41153},"not-a-number","Not a number",[30,41156,41158],{"className":32,"code":41157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41159,41160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41161,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172,41175,41177],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41163,137],{"class":136},[39,41165,124],{"class":53},[39,41167,1899],{"class":478},[39,41169,124],{"class":53},[39,41171,562],{"class":517},[39,41173,41174],{"class":521},"nan",[39,41176,562],{"class":517},[39,41178,486],{"class":53},[20,41180,353],{},[30,41182,41184],{"className":32,"code":41183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nan\n",[15,41185,41186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41187,41188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41189,41183],{"class":45},[20,41191,41192],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[176,41194,41195,41200,41205],{},[179,41196,41197,41199],{},[15,41198,41094],{}," means positive infinity",[179,41201,41202,41204],{},[15,41203,41133],{}," means negative infinity",[179,41206,41207,41209],{},[15,41208,41174],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41211,41212,41213,41215],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41214,2591],{}," accepts them.",[160,41217,41219],{"id":41218},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41221,41222,41223,41225],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41224,2591],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[988,41227,40418],{"id":41228},"valueerror",[20,41230,14898,41231,41233],{},[15,41232,40418],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41235,41236],{},"Common causes:",[176,41238,41239,41245,41248,41251],{},[179,41240,41241,41242],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41243,41244],{},"\"abc\"",[179,41246,41247],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[179,41249,41250],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[179,41252,4414,41253],{},[195,41254,41255,41257],{"href":7936},[15,41256,2665],{}," returns a string",[20,41259,267],{},[30,41261,41263],{"className":32,"code":41262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41264,41265,41278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41266,41267,41269,41271,41273,41276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41268,2154],{"class":45},[39,41270,50],{"class":49},[39,41272,572],{"class":517},[39,41274,41275],{"class":521},"abc",[39,41277,3062],{"class":517},[39,41279,41280,41282,41284,41286,41288,41290],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41281,137],{"class":136},[39,41283,124],{"class":53},[39,41285,1899],{"class":478},[39,41287,124],{"class":53},[39,41289,2179],{"class":120},[39,41291,486],{"class":53},[988,41293,2711],{"id":41294},"typeerror",[20,41296,14898,41297,41299],{},[15,41298,2711],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41301,41236],{},[176,41303,41304,41307,41310],{},[179,41305,41306],{},"Passing a list",[179,41308,41309],{},"Passing a dictionary",[179,41311,41312],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41314,267],{},[30,41316,41318],{"className":32,"code":41317,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41319,41320,41345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41321,41322,41324,41326,41328,41330,41332,41334,41336,41338,41341,41343],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41323,2154],{"class":45},[39,41325,50],{"class":49},[39,41327,54],{"class":53},[39,41329,562],{"class":517},[39,41331,24857],{"class":521},[39,41333,562],{"class":517},[39,41335,1250],{"class":53},[39,41337,572],{"class":517},[39,41339,41340],{"class":521},"9.99",[39,41342,562],{"class":517},[39,41344,72],{"class":53},[39,41346,41347,41349,41351,41353,41355,41357],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41348,137],{"class":136},[39,41350,124],{"class":53},[39,41352,1899],{"class":478},[39,41354,124],{"class":53},[39,41356,2179],{"class":120},[39,41358,486],{"class":53},[988,41360,41362],{"id":41361},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41364,41365,41366,41369],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41367,41368],{},"strip()"," can help:",[30,41371,41373],{"className":32,"code":41372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41374,41375,41388,41403,41407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41376,41377,41379,41381,41383,41386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41378,2154],{"class":45},[39,41380,50],{"class":49},[39,41382,572],{"class":517},[39,41384,41385],{"class":521},"  7.25  ",[39,41387,3062],{"class":517},[39,41389,41390,41393,41395,41397,41399,41401],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41391,41392],{"class":45},"clean_value ",[39,41394,50],{"class":49},[39,41396,8150],{"class":45},[39,41398,117],{"class":53},[39,41400,8352],{"class":120},[39,41402,1609],{"class":53},[39,41404,41405],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,41406,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,41408,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41420],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,41410,137],{"class":136},[39,41412,124],{"class":53},[39,41414,1899],{"class":478},[39,41416,124],{"class":53},[39,41418,41419],{"class":120},"clean_value",[39,41421,486],{"class":53},[20,41423,353],{},[30,41425,41427],{"className":32,"code":41426,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.25\n",[15,41428,41429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41430,41431],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41432,41426],{"class":57},[988,41434,41436],{"id":41435},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41438,41439],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[30,41441,41443],{"className":32,"code":41442,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41444,41445,41458,41462,41472,41486,41501,41505,41519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41456],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41448,2154],{"class":45},[39,41450,50],{"class":49},[39,41452,572],{"class":517},[39,41454,41455],{"class":521}," 3.5 ",[39,41457,3062],{"class":517},[39,41459,41460],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41461,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,41463,41464,41466,41468,41470],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,41465,137],{"class":136},[39,41467,124],{"class":53},[39,41469,2179],{"class":120},[39,41471,130],{"class":53},[39,41473,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,41475,137],{"class":136},[39,41477,124],{"class":53},[39,41479,479],{"class":478},[39,41481,124],{"class":53},[39,41483,2179],{"class":120},[39,41485,486],{"class":53},[39,41487,41488,41490,41492,41495,41497,41499],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,41489,137],{"class":136},[39,41491,124],{"class":53},[39,41493,41494],{"class":136},"repr",[39,41496,124],{"class":53},[39,41498,2179],{"class":120},[39,41500,486],{"class":53},[39,41502,41503],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,41504,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,41506,41507,41509,41511,41513,41515,41517],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,41508,41392],{"class":45},[39,41510,50],{"class":49},[39,41512,8150],{"class":45},[39,41514,117],{"class":53},[39,41516,8352],{"class":120},[39,41518,1609],{"class":53},[39,41520,41521,41523,41525,41527,41529,41531],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,41522,137],{"class":136},[39,41524,124],{"class":53},[39,41526,1899],{"class":478},[39,41528,124],{"class":53},[39,41530,41419],{"class":120},[39,41532,486],{"class":53},[20,41534,41535],{},"Why this helps:",[176,41537,41538,41544,41549,41555],{},[179,41539,41540,41543],{},[15,41541,41542],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[179,41545,41546,21075],{},[15,41547,41548],{},"print(type(value))",[179,41550,41551,41554],{},[15,41552,41553],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[179,41556,41557,41559],{},[15,41558,41368],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[988,41561,41563],{"id":41562},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41565,41566],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[30,41568,41570],{"className":32,"code":41569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41571,41572,41591,41595,41601,41616,41635,41644],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41573,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582,41584,41587,41589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41575,2154],{"class":45},[39,41577,50],{"class":49},[39,41579,7959],{"class":136},[39,41581,124],{"class":53},[39,41583,562],{"class":517},[39,41585,41586],{"class":521},"Enter a number: ",[39,41588,562],{"class":517},[39,41590,130],{"class":53},[39,41592,41593],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,41594,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,41596,41597,41599],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,41598,29513],{"class":3584},[39,41600,6107],{"class":53},[39,41602,41603,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,41604,41605],{"class":45},"    number ",[39,41607,50],{"class":49},[39,41609,39969],{"class":478},[39,41611,124],{"class":53},[39,41613,2179],{"class":120},[39,41615,130],{"class":53},[39,41617,41618,41620,41622,41624,41627,41629,41631,41633],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,41619,7785],{"class":136},[39,41621,124],{"class":53},[39,41623,562],{"class":517},[39,41625,41626],{"class":521},"Converted:",[39,41628,562],{"class":517},[39,41630,61],{"class":53},[39,41632,1904],{"class":120},[39,41634,130],{"class":53},[39,41636,41637,41639,41642],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,41638,29544],{"class":3584},[39,41640,41641],{"class":478}," ValueError",[39,41643,6107],{"class":53},[39,41645,41646,41648,41650,41652,41655,41657],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,41647,7785],{"class":136},[39,41649,124],{"class":53},[39,41651,562],{"class":517},[39,41653,41654],{"class":521},"That is not a valid number.",[39,41656,562],{"class":517},[39,41658,130],{"class":53},[20,41660,41661,41662,117],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[195,41663,40610],{"href":40609},[160,41665,41667],{"id":41666},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41669,10304,41670,4104,41672,41674],{},[15,41671,2591],{},[15,41673,2585],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41676,41677,41679],{},[15,41678,2591],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[30,41681,41683],{"className":32,"code":41682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41684,41685],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41686,41687,41689,41691,41693,41695,41697,41700,41702],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41688,137],{"class":136},[39,41690,124],{"class":53},[39,41692,1899],{"class":478},[39,41694,124],{"class":53},[39,41696,562],{"class":517},[39,41698,41699],{"class":521},"3.9",[39,41701,562],{"class":517},[39,41703,486],{"class":53},[20,41705,353],{},[30,41707,41709],{"className":32,"code":41708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.9\n",[15,41710,41711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41712,41713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41714,41708],{"class":57},[20,41716,41717,41719],{},[15,41718,2585],{}," creates whole numbers:",[30,41721,41723],{"className":32,"code":41722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41724,41725],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41726,41727,41729,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739,41741],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41728,137],{"class":136},[39,41730,124],{"class":53},[39,41732,1895],{"class":478},[39,41734,124],{"class":53},[39,41736,562],{"class":517},[39,41738,2037],{"class":521},[39,41740,562],{"class":517},[39,41742,486],{"class":53},[20,41744,353],{},[30,41746,41747],{"className":32,"code":2083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,41748,41749],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41750,41751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41752,2083],{"class":57},[20,41754,41755,41756,41759],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41757,41758],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[30,41761,41763],{"className":32,"code":41762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41764,41765],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41766,41767,41769,41771,41773,41775,41777,41779,41781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41768,137],{"class":136},[39,41770,124],{"class":53},[39,41772,1895],{"class":478},[39,41774,124],{"class":53},[39,41776,562],{"class":517},[39,41778,41699],{"class":521},[39,41780,562],{"class":517},[39,41782,486],{"class":53},[20,41784,2708,41785,8319,41787,41790],{},[15,41786,40418],{},[15,41788,41789],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41792,10427],{},[176,41794,41795,41801],{},[179,41796,41797,41800],{},[15,41798,41799],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[179,41802,41803,41805],{},[15,41804,41758],{}," fails",[20,41807,41808,41809,41812,41813,41815],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[195,41810,41811],{"href":2582},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[195,41814,2127],{"href":2126}," helpful.",[160,41817,1563],{"id":1562},[988,41819,41821],{"id":41820},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41823,41824,41825,1292,41827,117],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41826,2198],{},[15,41828,39857],{},[988,41830,41832],{"id":41831},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41834,41835,41836,1292,41839,117],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41837,41838],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41840,41841],{},"\"10\"",[988,41843,41845],{"id":41844},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41847,28770,41848,41850,41851,117],{},[15,41849,41244],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41852,40418],{},[988,41854,41856],{"id":41855},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41858,4859,41859,117],{},[15,41860,3474],{},[988,41862,41864],{"id":41863},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41866,41867,41868,41870,41871,4104,41874,41870,41876,117],{},"Yes. ",[15,41869,3308],{}," becomes ",[15,41872,41873],{},"1.0",[15,41875,3379],{},[15,41877,3474],{},[160,41879,1613],{"id":1612},[176,41881,41882,41886,41892,41897,41901,41905],{},[179,41883,41884],{},[195,41885,41811],{"href":2582},[179,41887,41888],{},[195,41889,41891],{"href":41890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[179,41893,41894],{},[195,41895,41896],{"href":40605},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[179,41898,41899],{},[195,41900,8775],{"href":8697},[179,41902,41903],{},[195,41904,40610],{"href":40609},[179,41906,41907],{},[195,41908,41909],{"href":7936},"Python input() Function Explained",[1642,41911,41912],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":41914},[41915,41916,41917,41918,41925,41930,41931,41938,41943,41950,41951,41958],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":39904,"depth":75,"text":39905},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":40129,"depth":75,"text":40130,"children":41919},[41920,41921,41922,41923,41924],{"id":40138,"depth":99,"text":40139},{"id":40202,"depth":99,"text":40203},{"id":40266,"depth":99,"text":40267},{"id":40308,"depth":99,"text":40309},{"id":40363,"depth":99,"text":40364},{"id":40402,"depth":75,"text":40403,"children":41926},[41927,41928,41929],{"id":40411,"depth":99,"text":40412},{"id":40497,"depth":99,"text":40498},{"id":40567,"depth":99,"text":40568},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":40759,"depth":75,"text":40760,"children":41932},[41933,41935,41936,41937],{"id":40763,"depth":99,"text":41934},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40856,"depth":99,"text":40857},{"id":40942,"depth":99,"text":40943},{"id":41004,"depth":99,"text":41005},{"id":41064,"depth":75,"text":41065,"children":41939},[41940,41941,41942],{"id":41073,"depth":99,"text":41074},{"id":41112,"depth":99,"text":41113},{"id":41153,"depth":99,"text":41154},{"id":41218,"depth":75,"text":41219,"children":41944},[41945,41946,41947,41948,41949],{"id":41228,"depth":99,"text":40418},{"id":41294,"depth":99,"text":2711},{"id":41361,"depth":99,"text":41362},{"id":41435,"depth":99,"text":41436},{"id":41562,"depth":99,"text":41563},{"id":41666,"depth":75,"text":41667},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":41952},[41953,41954,41955,41956,41957],{"id":41820,"depth":99,"text":41821},{"id":41831,"depth":99,"text":41832},{"id":41844,"depth":99,"text":41845},{"id":41855,"depth":99,"text":41856},{"id":41863,"depth":99,"text":41864},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39805,"description":41959},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41966,"title":41967,"body":41968,"description":43189,"extension":1670,"meta":43190,"navigation":102,"path":34735,"seo":43191,"stem":43192,"__hash__":43193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41969,"toc":43155},[41970,41973,41978,41981,41983,42022,42036,42040,42045,42048,42065,42068,42078,42093,42096,42098,42101,42117,42120,42123,42143,42147,42158,42161,42165,42169,42183,42218,42222,42233,42268,42271,42273,42281,42314,42330,42332,42342,42363,42374,42376,42381,42384,42398,42400,42419,42422,42435,42438,42442,42446,42460,42463,42481,42484,42499,42503,42508,42522,42528,42530,42587,42589,42622,42625,42641,42645,42652,42656,42661,42664,42675,42679,42684,42699,42708,42713,42732,42735,42747,42749,42754,42764,42767,42796,42801,42810,42814,42819,42822,42826,42831,42833,42863,42866,42873,42878,42883,42887,42890,42898,42901,42979,42982,43004,43006,43010,43013,43017,43023,43086,43090,43098,43102,43105,43107,43132,43152],[10,41971,41967],{"id":41972},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41974,3286,41975,41977],{},[15,41976,34738],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41979,41980],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[160,41982,1711],{"id":1710},[30,41984,41986],{"className":32,"code":41985,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41987,41988,41998,42008],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41989,41990,41992,41994,41996],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41991,31861],{"class":136},[39,41993,124],{"class":53},[39,41995,1361],{"class":136},[39,41997,130],{"class":53},[39,41999,42000,42002,42004,42006],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42001,31861],{"class":136},[39,42003,124],{"class":53},[39,42005,3147],{"class":478},[39,42007,130],{"class":53},[39,42009,42010,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,42011,31861],{"class":136},[39,42013,124],{"class":53},[39,42015,524],{"class":517},[39,42017,34369],{"class":521},[39,42019,524],{"class":517},[39,42021,130],{"class":53},[20,42023,154,42024,42026,42027,1292,42029,42031,42032,42035],{},[15,42025,34738],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42028,1361],{},[15,42030,3147],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42033,42034],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[160,42037,42039],{"id":42038},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42041,42042,42044],{},[15,42043,34738],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42046,42047],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[176,42049,42050,42053,42056,42059,42062],{},[179,42051,42052],{},"Functions",[179,42054,42055],{},"Classes",[179,42057,42058],{},"Methods",[179,42060,42061],{},"Modules",[179,42063,42064],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42066,42067],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42069,42070,42071,42077],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[195,42072,42074],{"href":42073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42075,42076],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[30,42079,42081],{"className":32,"code":42080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\n",[15,42082,42083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42084,42085,42087,42089,42091],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42086,31861],{"class":136},[39,42088,124],{"class":53},[39,42090,1361],{"class":136},[39,42092,130],{"class":53},[20,42094,42095],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[160,42097,202],{"id":201},[20,42099,42100],{},"The main form is:",[30,42102,42104],{"className":32,"code":42103,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(object)\n",[15,42105,42106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42107,42108,42110,42112,42115],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42109,31861],{"class":136},[39,42111,124],{"class":53},[39,42113,42114],{"class":478},"object",[39,42116,130],{"class":53},[20,42118,42119],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42121,42122],{},"Common examples include:",[176,42124,42125,42129,42134,42138],{},[179,42126,42127],{},[15,42128,1361],{},[179,42130,42131],{},[15,42132,42133],{},"list.append",[179,42135,42136],{},[15,42137,3147],{},[179,42139,42140],{},[15,42141,42142],{},"open",[20,42144,6888,42145,6891],{},[15,42146,34738],{},[30,42148,42150],{"className":32,"code":42149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help()\n",[15,42151,42152],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42153,42154,42156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42155,31861],{"class":136},[39,42157,1609],{"class":53},[20,42159,42160],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[160,42162,42164],{"id":42163},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[988,42166,42168],{"id":42167},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42170,42171,42172,1896,42174,1896,42176,16781,42179,117],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42173,1361],{},[15,42175,137],{},[15,42177,42178],{},"input",[195,42180,42181],{"href":2005},[15,42182,2008],{},[30,42184,42186],{"className":32,"code":42185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42187,42188,42198,42208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42189,42190,42192,42194,42196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42191,31861],{"class":136},[39,42193,124],{"class":53},[39,42195,137],{"class":136},[39,42197,130],{"class":53},[39,42199,42200,42202,42204,42206],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42201,31861],{"class":136},[39,42203,124],{"class":53},[39,42205,42178],{"class":136},[39,42207,130],{"class":53},[39,42209,42210,42212,42214,42216],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,42211,31861],{"class":136},[39,42213,124],{"class":53},[39,42215,479],{"class":478},[39,42217,130],{"class":53},[988,42219,42221],{"id":42220},"data-types","Data types",[20,42223,42224,42225,1896,42227,1896,42229,16781,42231,117],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42226,3147],{},[15,42228,7810],{},[15,42230,8538],{},[15,42232,384],{},[30,42234,42236],{"className":32,"code":42235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42237,42238,42248,42258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42239,42240,42242,42244,42246],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42241,31861],{"class":136},[39,42243,124],{"class":53},[39,42245,3147],{"class":478},[39,42247,130],{"class":53},[39,42249,42250,42252,42254,42256],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42251,31861],{"class":136},[39,42253,124],{"class":53},[39,42255,7810],{"class":478},[39,42257,130],{"class":53},[39,42259,42260,42262,42264,42266],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,42261,31861],{"class":136},[39,42263,124],{"class":53},[39,42265,8538],{"class":478},[39,42267,130],{"class":53},[20,42269,42270],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[988,42272,42058],{"id":34216},[20,42274,42275,42276,4104,42279,117],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42277,42278],{},"str.split",[15,42280,42133],{},[30,42282,42284],{"className":32,"code":42283,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42285,42286,42300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42287,42288,42290,42292,42294,42296,42298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42289,31861],{"class":136},[39,42291,124],{"class":53},[39,42293,3147],{"class":478},[39,42295,117],{"class":53},[39,42297,34179],{"class":24457},[39,42299,130],{"class":53},[39,42301,42302,42304,42306,42308,42310,42312],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42303,31861],{"class":136},[39,42305,124],{"class":53},[39,42307,7810],{"class":478},[39,42309,117],{"class":53},[39,42311,13262],{"class":24457},[39,42313,130],{"class":53},[20,42315,42316,42317,1285,42319,28022,42324,42326,42327,42329],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42318,34738],{},[195,42320,42322],{"href":42321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42323,34021],{},[15,42325,34021],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42328,34738],{}," explains one of them.",[988,42331,42061],{"id":34369},[20,42333,42334,42335,1896,42337,16781,42339,117],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42336,18123],{},[15,42338,34901],{},[15,42340,42341],{},"os",[30,42343,42345],{"className":32,"code":42344,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42346,42347,42353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42348,42349,42351],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42350,34802],{"class":3584},[39,42352,34805],{"class":45},[39,42354,42355,42357,42359,42361],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42356,31861],{"class":136},[39,42358,124],{"class":53},[39,42360,18123],{"class":120},[39,42362,130],{"class":53},[20,42364,42365,42366,42370,42371,117],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[195,42367,42369],{"href":42368},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[195,42372,34868],{"href":42373},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[160,42375,34629],{"id":34628},[20,42377,42378,42380],{},[15,42379,34738],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42382,42383],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[176,42385,42386,42389,42392,42395],{},[179,42387,42388],{},"The function signature",[179,42390,42391],{},"The short description",[179,42393,42394],{},"Parameter names",[179,42396,42397],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42399,5184],{},[30,42401,42403],{"className":32,"code":42402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42404,42405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42406,42407,42409,42411,42413,42415,42417],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42408,31861],{"class":136},[39,42410,124],{"class":53},[39,42412,3147],{"class":478},[39,42414,117],{"class":53},[39,42416,34179],{"class":24457},[39,42418,130],{"class":53},[20,42420,42421],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[176,42423,42424,42427,42430,42432],{},[179,42425,42426],{},"What object this is",[179,42428,42429],{},"What arguments it accepts",[179,42431,21678],{},[179,42433,42434],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42436,42437],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[160,42439,42441],{"id":42440},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42443,42444,29583],{},[15,42445,34738],{},[176,42447,42448,42451,42454,42457],{},[179,42449,42450],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[179,42452,42453],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[179,42455,42456],{},"You are exploring a new module",[179,42458,42459],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42461,42462],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[30,42464,42465],{"className":32,"code":42402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,42466,42467],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42468,42469,42471,42473,42475,42477,42479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42470,31861],{"class":136},[39,42472,124],{"class":53},[39,42474,3147],{"class":478},[39,42476,117],{"class":53},[39,42478,34179],{"class":24457},[39,42480,130],{"class":53},[20,42482,42483],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[30,42485,42487],{"className":32,"code":42486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(open)\n",[15,42488,42489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42490,42491,42493,42495,42497],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42492,31861],{"class":136},[39,42494,124],{"class":53},[39,42496,42142],{"class":136},[39,42498,130],{"class":53},[160,42500,42502],{"id":42501},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42504,42505,42507],{},[15,42506,34738],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[176,42509,42510,42513,42516,42519],{},[179,42511,42512],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[179,42514,42515],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[179,42517,42518],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[179,42520,42521],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42523,42524,42525,42527],{},"So, ",[15,42526,34738],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42529,5184],{},[30,42531,42533],{"className":32,"code":42532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42534,42535,42548,42572,42576],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42536,42537,42539,42541,42543,42546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42538,34398],{"class":45},[39,42540,50],{"class":49},[39,42542,572],{"class":517},[39,42544,42545],{"class":521},"a,b,c",[39,42547,3062],{"class":517},[39,42549,42550,42553,42555,42558,42560,42562,42564,42566,42568,42570],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42551,42552],{"class":45},"parts ",[39,42554,50],{"class":49},[39,42556,42557],{"class":45}," text",[39,42559,117],{"class":53},[39,42561,34179],{"class":120},[39,42563,124],{"class":53},[39,42565,562],{"class":517},[39,42567,61],{"class":521},[39,42569,562],{"class":517},[39,42571,130],{"class":53},[39,42573,42574],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,42575,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,42577,42578,42580,42582,42585],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,42579,137],{"class":136},[39,42581,124],{"class":53},[39,42583,42584],{"class":120},"parts",[39,42586,130],{"class":53},[20,42588,5272],{},[30,42590,42592],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42593,42594],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42595,42596,42598,42600,42602,42604,42606,42608,42610,42612,42614,42616,42618,42620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42597,3609],{"class":53},[39,42599,524],{"class":517},[39,42601,195],{"class":521},[39,42603,524],{"class":517},[39,42605,61],{"class":53},[39,42607,518],{"class":517},[39,42609,127],{"class":521},[39,42611,524],{"class":517},[39,42613,61],{"class":53},[39,42615,518],{"class":517},[39,42617,9454],{"class":521},[39,42619,524],{"class":517},[39,42621,3340],{"class":53},[20,42623,42624],{},"A good workflow is:",[28422,42626,42627,42632,42635,42638],{},[179,42628,154,42629,42631],{},[15,42630,34738],{}," to inspect something",[179,42633,42634],{},"Write a tiny example",[179,42636,42637],{},"Check the result",[179,42639,42640],{},"Repeat",[160,42642,42644],{"id":42643},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42646,42647,4104,42649,42651],{},[15,42648,34738],{},[15,42650,34021],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[988,42653,42654],{"id":31861},[15,42655,34738],{},[20,42657,154,42658,42660],{},[15,42659,34738],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42662,42663],{},"It tells you:",[176,42665,42666,42669,42672],{},[179,42667,42668],{},"What something is",[179,42670,42671],{},"How to use it",[179,42673,42674],{},"What parameters it accepts",[988,42676,42677],{"id":34082},[15,42678,34021],{},[20,42680,154,42681,42683],{},[15,42682,34021],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[30,42685,42687],{"className":32,"code":42686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dir(str)\n",[15,42688,42689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42690,42691,42693,42695,42697],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42692,34082],{"class":136},[39,42694,124],{"class":53},[39,42696,3147],{"class":478},[39,42698,130],{"class":53},[20,42700,42701,42702,1896,42704,16781,42706,117],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42703,34179],{},[15,42705,8352],{},[15,42707,8358],{},[20,42709,42710,42711,1250],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42712,34738],{},[30,42714,42716],{"className":32,"code":42715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42717,42718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42719,42720,42722,42724,42726,42728,42730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42721,31861],{"class":136},[39,42723,124],{"class":53},[39,42725,3147],{"class":478},[39,42727,117],{"class":53},[39,42729,8358],{"class":24457},[39,42731,130],{"class":53},[20,42733,42734],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[176,42736,42737,42742],{},[179,42738,154,42739,42741],{},[15,42740,34021],{}," to discover options",[179,42743,154,42744,42746],{},[15,42745,34738],{}," to understand one option",[160,42748,2537],{"id":2536},[20,42750,42751,42752,117],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42753,34738],{},[988,42755,718,42757,42760,42761],{"id":42756},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42758,42759],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42762,42763],{},"help(len)",[20,42765,42766],{},"These are not always the same.",[30,42768,42770],{"className":32,"code":42769,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42771,42772,42782],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42773,42774,42776,42778,42780],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42775,31861],{"class":136},[39,42777,124],{"class":53},[39,42779,1361],{"class":136},[39,42781,130],{"class":53},[39,42783,42784,42786,42788,42790,42792,42794],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42785,31861],{"class":136},[39,42787,124],{"class":53},[39,42789,524],{"class":517},[39,42791,1361],{"class":521},[39,42793,524],{"class":517},[39,42795,130],{"class":53},[20,42797,42798,42800],{},[15,42799,42763],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42802,42803,42805,42806,42809],{},[15,42804,42759],{}," treats ",[15,42807,42808],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[988,42811,42813],{"id":42812},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42815,42816,42818],{},[15,42817,34738],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42820,42821],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[988,42823,42825],{"id":42824},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42827,40057,42828,42830],{},[15,42829,34738],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42832,267],{},[30,42834,42836],{"className":32,"code":42835,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42837,42838,42848],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42839,42840,42842,42844,42846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42841,31861],{"class":136},[39,42843,124],{"class":53},[39,42845,1361],{"class":136},[39,42847,130],{"class":53},[39,42849,42850,42852,42854,42856,42859,42861],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42851,137],{"class":136},[39,42853,124],{"class":53},[39,42855,562],{"class":517},[39,42857,42858],{"class":521},"Done",[39,42860,562],{"class":517},[39,42862,130],{"class":53},[20,42864,42865],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[988,42867,1282,42869,1285,42871],{"id":42868},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42870,34738],{},[15,42872,34021],{},[20,42874,42875,42876,117],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42877,34021],{},[20,42879,42880,42881,117],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42882,34738],{},[160,42884,42886],{"id":42885},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42888,42889],{},"Open Python:",[30,42891,42892],{"className":32,"code":35254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,42893,42894],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42895,42896],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42897,35254],{"class":45},[20,42899,42900],{},"Then test these commands:",[30,42902,42904],{"className":32,"code":42903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42905,42906,42916,42930,42944,42954,42969],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42907,42908,42910,42912,42914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42909,31861],{"class":136},[39,42911,124],{"class":53},[39,42913,1361],{"class":136},[39,42915,130],{"class":53},[39,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924,42926,42928],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,42919,31861],{"class":136},[39,42921,124],{"class":53},[39,42923,3147],{"class":478},[39,42925,117],{"class":53},[39,42927,34179],{"class":24457},[39,42929,130],{"class":53},[39,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,42933,31861],{"class":136},[39,42935,124],{"class":53},[39,42937,7810],{"class":478},[39,42939,117],{"class":53},[39,42941,13262],{"class":24457},[39,42943,130],{"class":53},[39,42945,42946,42948,42950,42952],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,42947,31861],{"class":136},[39,42949,124],{"class":53},[39,42951,42142],{"class":136},[39,42953,130],{"class":53},[39,42955,42956,42958,42960,42962,42965,42967],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,42957,31861],{"class":136},[39,42959,124],{"class":53},[39,42961,524],{"class":517},[39,42963,42964],{"class":521},"keywords",[39,42966,524],{"class":517},[39,42968,130],{"class":53},[39,42970,42971,42973,42975,42977],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,42972,34082],{"class":136},[39,42974,124],{"class":53},[39,42976,3147],{"class":478},[39,42978,130],{"class":53},[20,42980,42981],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[176,42983,42984,42987,42990,42993,42996,42999],{},[179,42985,42986],{},"A built-in function",[179,42988,42989],{},"A string method",[179,42991,42992],{},"A list method",[179,42994,42995],{},"A built-in file function",[179,42997,42998],{},"A special help topic",[179,43000,14898,43001,43003],{},[15,43002,34021],{}," example for comparison",[160,43005,1563],{"id":1562},[988,43007,43009],{"id":43008},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43011,43012],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[988,43014,43016],{"id":43015},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43018,43019,43020,43022],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43021,34738],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[30,43024,43026],{"className":32,"code":43025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43027,43028,43040,43053,43072,43076],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43029,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43031,34562],{"class":513},[39,43033,34566],{"class":34565},[39,43035,124],{"class":53},[39,43037,7382],{"class":37375},[39,43039,8059],{"class":53},[39,43041,43042,43046,43050],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43043,43045],{"class":43044},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[39,43047,43049],{"class":43048},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[39,43051,43052],{"class":43044},"\"\"\"\n",[39,43054,43055,43057,43060,43063,43065,43067,43069],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43056,34573],{"class":3584},[39,43058,43059],{"class":513}," f",[39,43061,43062],{"class":521},"\"Hello, ",[39,43064,363],{"class":57},[39,43066,7382],{"class":45},[39,43068,22010],{"class":57},[39,43070,43071],{"class":521},"!\"\n",[39,43073,43074],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43075,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43077,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43079,31861],{"class":136},[39,43081,124],{"class":53},[39,43083,34608],{"class":120},[39,43085,130],{"class":53},[988,43087,43089],{"id":43088},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43091,43092,43094,43095,43097],{},[15,43093,42763],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43096,42759],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[988,43099,43101],{"id":43100},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43103,43104],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[160,43106,1613],{"id":1612},[176,43108,43109,43114,43118,43123,43128],{},[179,43110,43111],{},[195,43112,43113],{"href":42321},"Python dir() function explained",[179,43115,43116],{},[195,43117,8159],{"href":2005},[179,43119,43120],{},[195,43121,43122],{"href":42073},"Python len() function explained",[179,43124,43125],{},[195,43126,43127],{"href":42368},"How import works in Python",[179,43129,43130],{},[195,43131,34868],{"href":42373},[20,43133,43134,43135,43137,43138,1896,43140,16781,43142,43144,43145,1292,43148,43151],{},"Try ",[15,43136,34738],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43139,1361],{},[15,43141,137],{},[15,43143,42178],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43146,43147],{},"dir(str)",[15,43149,43150],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1642,43153,43154],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":43156},[43157,43158,43159,43160,43166,43167,43168,43169,43173,43181,43182,43188],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":42038,"depth":75,"text":42039},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":42163,"depth":75,"text":42164,"children":43161},[43162,43163,43164,43165],{"id":42167,"depth":99,"text":42168},{"id":42220,"depth":99,"text":42221},{"id":34216,"depth":99,"text":42058},{"id":34369,"depth":99,"text":42061},{"id":34628,"depth":75,"text":34629},{"id":42440,"depth":75,"text":42441},{"id":42501,"depth":75,"text":42502},{"id":42643,"depth":75,"text":42644,"children":43170},[43171,43172],{"id":31861,"depth":99,"text":34738},{"id":34082,"depth":99,"text":34021},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":43174},[43175,43177,43178,43179],{"id":42756,"depth":99,"text":43176},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42812,"depth":99,"text":42813},{"id":42824,"depth":99,"text":42825},{"id":42868,"depth":99,"text":43180},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42885,"depth":75,"text":42886},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":43183},[43184,43185,43186,43187],{"id":43008,"depth":99,"text":43009},{"id":43015,"depth":99,"text":43016},{"id":43088,"depth":99,"text":43089},{"id":43100,"depth":99,"text":43101},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41967,"description":43189},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43195,"title":43196,"body":43197,"description":44558,"extension":1670,"meta":44559,"navigation":102,"path":44560,"seo":44561,"stem":44562,"__hash__":44563},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43198,"toc":44531},[43199,43205,43210,43216,43226,43284,43294,43305,43310,43316,43318,43336,43344,43346,43348,43363,43366,43377,43379,43470,43473,43477,43482,43503,43505,43616,43618,43645,43656,43660,43663,43746,43748,43756,43762,43768,43772,43775,43885,43887,43900,43903,43917,43925,43932,43937,43951,43957,44070,44072,44133,44136,44142,44148,44151,44173,44176,44246,44249,44281,44288,44290,44293,44311,44314,44326,44332,44334,44339,44365,44368,44440,44442,44448,44451,44457,44460,44466,44476,44482,44485,44492,44495,44497,44528],[10,43200,13,43202,3283],{"id":43201},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43203,43204],{},"id()",[20,43206,32026,43207,43209],{},[15,43208,43204],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43211,43212,43213,43215],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43214,43204],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43217,154,43218,43220,43221,43223,43224,117],{},[15,43219,43204],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[382,43222,4340],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43225,4398],{},[30,43227,43229],{"className":32,"code":43228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43230,43231,43243,43257,43261,43270],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43232,43233,43235,43237,43239,43241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43234,7592],{"class":45},[39,43236,50],{"class":49},[39,43238,572],{"class":517},[39,43240,7010],{"class":521},[39,43242,3062],{"class":517},[39,43244,43245,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43246,137],{"class":136},[39,43248,124],{"class":53},[39,43250,12362],{"class":136},[39,43252,124],{"class":53},[39,43254,7382],{"class":120},[39,43256,486],{"class":53},[39,43258,43259],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43260,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43262,43263,43265,43267],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43264,1404],{"class":45},[39,43266,50],{"class":49},[39,43268,43269],{"class":45}," name\n",[39,43271,43272,43274,43276,43278,43280,43282],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43273,137],{"class":136},[39,43275,124],{"class":53},[39,43277,12362],{"class":136},[39,43279,124],{"class":53},[39,43281,1442],{"class":120},[39,43283,486],{"class":53},[20,43285,43286,43287,43290,43291,43293],{},"In this example, ",[15,43288,43289],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43292,43204],{}," values match.",[43295,43296,43297],"blockquote",{},[20,43298,154,43299,43301,43302,43304],{},[15,43300,43204],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43303,4398],{}," for value comparison.",[160,43306,3383,43308,3386],{"id":43307},"what-id-does",[15,43309,43204],{},[20,43311,43312,43315],{},[15,43313,43314],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43317,174],{},[176,43319,43320,43323,43330,43333],{},[179,43321,43322],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[179,43324,43325,43326,43329],{},"It shows ",[382,43327,43328],{},"object identity",", not object value",[179,43331,43332],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[179,43334,43335],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43337,43338,43339,43343],{},"This is closely related to how ",[195,43340,43342],{"href":43341},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[160,43345,202],{"id":201},[20,43347,5146],{},[30,43349,43351],{"className":32,"code":43350,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"id(object)\n",[15,43352,43353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43354,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43356,12362],{"class":136},[39,43358,124],{"class":53},[39,43360,42114],{"class":478},[39,43362,130],{"class":53},[20,43364,43365],{},"Important details:",[176,43367,43368,43371,43374],{},[179,43369,43370],{},"It takes one argument",[179,43372,43373],{},"It returns an integer",[179,43375,43376],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43378,267],{},[30,43380,43382],{"className":32,"code":43381,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43383,43384,43396,43404,43424,43428,43442,43456],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43385,43386,43388,43390,43392,43394],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43387,34398],{"class":45},[39,43389,50],{"class":49},[39,43391,572],{"class":517},[39,43393,3552],{"class":521},[39,43395,3062],{"class":517},[39,43397,43398,43400,43402],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43399,1924],{"class":45},[39,43401,50],{"class":49},[39,43403,2475],{"class":57},[39,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414,43416,43418,43420,43422],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43407,7494],{"class":45},[39,43409,50],{"class":49},[39,43411,3327],{"class":53},[39,43413,58],{"class":57},[39,43415,61],{"class":53},[39,43417,64],{"class":57},[39,43419,61],{"class":53},[39,43421,69],{"class":57},[39,43423,3340],{"class":53},[39,43425,43426],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43427,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43429,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43431,137],{"class":136},[39,43433,124],{"class":53},[39,43435,12362],{"class":136},[39,43437,124],{"class":53},[39,43439,34419],{"class":120},[39,43441,486],{"class":53},[39,43443,43444,43446,43448,43450,43452,43454],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,43445,137],{"class":136},[39,43447,124],{"class":53},[39,43449,12362],{"class":136},[39,43451,124],{"class":53},[39,43453,1946],{"class":120},[39,43455,486],{"class":53},[39,43457,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,43459,137],{"class":136},[39,43461,124],{"class":53},[39,43463,12362],{"class":136},[39,43465,124],{"class":53},[39,43467,7525],{"class":120},[39,43469,486],{"class":53},[20,43471,43472],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[160,43474,43476],{"id":43475},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43478,43479,43480,117],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43481,43204],{},[176,43483,43484,43491,43498],{},[179,43485,43486,43488,43489],{},[15,43487,4398],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[382,43490,2179],{},[179,43492,43493,43495,43496],{},[15,43494,11906],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[382,43497,42114],{},[179,43499,43500,43502],{},[15,43501,43204],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43504,267],{},[30,43506,43508],{"className":32,"code":43507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43509,43510,43530,43550,43554,43571,43588,43602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43513,46],{"class":45},[39,43515,50],{"class":49},[39,43517,3327],{"class":53},[39,43519,58],{"class":57},[39,43521,61],{"class":53},[39,43523,64],{"class":57},[39,43525,61],{"class":53},[39,43527,69],{"class":57},[39,43529,3340],{"class":53},[39,43531,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540,43542,43544,43546,43548],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43533,78],{"class":45},[39,43535,50],{"class":49},[39,43537,3327],{"class":53},[39,43539,58],{"class":57},[39,43541,61],{"class":53},[39,43543,64],{"class":57},[39,43545,61],{"class":53},[39,43547,69],{"class":57},[39,43549,3340],{"class":53},[39,43551,43552],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43553,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43555,43556,43558,43560,43562,43564,43566,43568],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43557,137],{"class":136},[39,43559,124],{"class":53},[39,43561,46],{"class":120},[39,43563,4398],{"class":49},[39,43565,2266],{"class":120},[39,43567,3366],{"class":53},[39,43569,43570],{"class":150},"   # True\n",[39,43572,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43574,137],{"class":136},[39,43576,124],{"class":53},[39,43578,46],{"class":120},[39,43580,11906],{"class":3584},[39,43582,2266],{"class":120},[39,43584,3366],{"class":53},[39,43586,43587],{"class":150},"   # False\n",[39,43589,43590,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,43591,137],{"class":136},[39,43593,124],{"class":53},[39,43595,12362],{"class":136},[39,43597,124],{"class":53},[39,43599,195],{"class":120},[39,43601,486],{"class":53},[39,43603,43604,43606,43608,43610,43612,43614],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,43605,137],{"class":136},[39,43607,124],{"class":53},[39,43609,12362],{"class":136},[39,43611,124],{"class":53},[39,43613,127],{"class":120},[39,43615,486],{"class":53},[20,43617,1885],{},[176,43619,43620,43628,43636],{},[179,43621,43622,4493,43625,43627],{},[15,43623,43624],{},"a == b",[15,43626,3308],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[179,43629,43630,4493,43633,43635],{},[15,43631,43632],{},"a is b",[15,43634,3379],{}," because they are different list objects",[179,43637,43638,4104,43641,43644],{},[15,43639,43640],{},"id(a)",[15,43642,43643],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43646,43647,43648,4104,43652,117],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[195,43649,43651],{"href":43650},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[195,43653,43655],{"href":43654},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[160,43657,43659],{"id":43658},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43661,43662],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[30,43664,43666],{"className":32,"code":43665,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43667,43668,43688,43698,43702,43716,43731],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43669,43670,43672,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684,43686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43671,1379],{"class":45},[39,43673,50],{"class":49},[39,43675,3327],{"class":53},[39,43677,2037],{"class":57},[39,43679,61],{"class":53},[39,43681,7505],{"class":57},[39,43683,61],{"class":53},[39,43685,7510],{"class":57},[39,43687,3340],{"class":53},[39,43689,43690,43693,43695],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43691,43692],{"class":45},"other_numbers ",[39,43694,50],{"class":49},[39,43696,43697],{"class":45}," numbers\n",[39,43699,43700],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43701,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43703,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712,43714],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43705,137],{"class":136},[39,43707,124],{"class":53},[39,43709,12362],{"class":136},[39,43711,124],{"class":53},[39,43713,1457],{"class":120},[39,43715,486],{"class":53},[39,43717,43718,43720,43722,43724,43726,43729],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43719,137],{"class":136},[39,43721,124],{"class":53},[39,43723,12362],{"class":136},[39,43725,124],{"class":53},[39,43727,43728],{"class":120},"other_numbers",[39,43730,486],{"class":53},[39,43732,43733,43735,43737,43739,43741,43744],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,43734,137],{"class":136},[39,43736,124],{"class":53},[39,43738,1379],{"class":120},[39,43740,11906],{"class":3584},[39,43742,43743],{"class":120}," other_numbers",[39,43745,130],{"class":53},[20,43747,5272],{},[30,43749,43750],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,43751,43752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43753,43754],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43755,3689],{"class":3559},[20,43757,43758,43759,43761],{},"The two ",[15,43760,43204],{}," values will also match.",[20,43763,21896,43764,43767],{},[15,43765,43766],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[160,43769,43771],{"id":43770},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43773,43774],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[30,43776,43778],{"className":32,"code":43777,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43779,43780,43801,43822,43826,43841,43855,43870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43781,43782,43785,43787,43789,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43783,43784],{"class":45},"list_a ",[39,43786,50],{"class":49},[39,43788,3327],{"class":53},[39,43790,58],{"class":57},[39,43792,61],{"class":53},[39,43794,64],{"class":57},[39,43796,61],{"class":53},[39,43798,69],{"class":57},[39,43800,3340],{"class":53},[39,43802,43803,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816,43818,43820],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43804,43805],{"class":45},"list_b ",[39,43807,50],{"class":49},[39,43809,3327],{"class":53},[39,43811,58],{"class":57},[39,43813,61],{"class":53},[39,43815,64],{"class":57},[39,43817,61],{"class":53},[39,43819,69],{"class":57},[39,43821,3340],{"class":53},[39,43823,43824],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43825,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,43827,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836,43839],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,43829,137],{"class":136},[39,43831,124],{"class":53},[39,43833,43784],{"class":120},[39,43835,4398],{"class":49},[39,43837,43838],{"class":120}," list_b",[39,43840,130],{"class":53},[39,43842,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,43844,137],{"class":136},[39,43846,124],{"class":53},[39,43848,43784],{"class":120},[39,43850,11906],{"class":3584},[39,43852,43838],{"class":120},[39,43854,130],{"class":53},[39,43856,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43868],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,43858,137],{"class":136},[39,43860,124],{"class":53},[39,43862,12362],{"class":136},[39,43864,124],{"class":53},[39,43866,43867],{"class":120},"list_a",[39,43869,486],{"class":53},[39,43871,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43883],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,43873,137],{"class":136},[39,43875,124],{"class":53},[39,43877,12362],{"class":136},[39,43879,124],{"class":53},[39,43881,43882],{"class":120},"list_b",[39,43884,486],{"class":53},[20,43886,5272],{},[30,43888,43890],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43891,43892,43896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43893,43894],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43895,3689],{"class":3559},[39,43897,43898],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43899,3750],{"class":3559},[20,43901,43902],{},"What this means:",[176,43904,43905,43908,43911],{},[179,43906,43907],{},"The lists are equal in value",[179,43909,43910],{},"They are not the same object",[179,43912,43913,43914,43916],{},"Their ",[15,43915,43204],{}," values are usually different",[20,43918,43919,43920,43922,43923,117],{},"This is why ",[15,43921,43204],{}," should not replace ",[15,43924,4398],{},[160,43926,43928,43929,43931],{"id":43927},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43930,43204],{}," is useful",[20,43933,43934,43936],{},[15,43935,43204],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[176,43938,43939,43942,43945,43948],{},[179,43940,43941],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[179,43943,43944],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[179,43946,43947],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[179,43949,43950],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43952,43953,43954,43956],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43955,43204],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[30,43958,43960],{"className":32,"code":43959,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43961,43962,43986,43995,43999,44018,44022,44032,44042,44056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43963,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43965,11798],{"class":45},[39,43967,50],{"class":49},[39,43969,3327],{"class":53},[39,43971,562],{"class":517},[39,43973,195],{"class":521},[39,43975,562],{"class":517},[39,43977,61],{"class":53},[39,43979,572],{"class":517},[39,43981,127],{"class":521},[39,43983,562],{"class":517},[39,43985,3340],{"class":53},[39,43987,43988,43991,43993],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,43989,43990],{"class":45},"copy_ref ",[39,43992,50],{"class":49},[39,43994,11836],{"class":45},[39,43996,43997],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,43998,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,44000,44001,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,44002,44003],{"class":45},"copy_ref",[39,44005,117],{"class":53},[39,44007,13262],{"class":120},[39,44009,124],{"class":53},[39,44011,562],{"class":517},[39,44013,9454],{"class":521},[39,44015,562],{"class":517},[39,44017,130],{"class":53},[39,44019,44020],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,44021,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,44023,44024,44026,44028,44030],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,44025,137],{"class":136},[39,44027,124],{"class":53},[39,44029,11845],{"class":120},[39,44031,130],{"class":53},[39,44033,44034,44036,44038,44040],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,44035,137],{"class":136},[39,44037,124],{"class":53},[39,44039,44003],{"class":120},[39,44041,130],{"class":53},[39,44043,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052,44054],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,44045,137],{"class":136},[39,44047,124],{"class":53},[39,44049,12362],{"class":136},[39,44051,124],{"class":53},[39,44053,11845],{"class":120},[39,44055,486],{"class":53},[39,44057,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,44059,137],{"class":136},[39,44061,124],{"class":53},[39,44063,12362],{"class":136},[39,44065,124],{"class":53},[39,44067,44003],{"class":120},[39,44069,486],{"class":53},[20,44071,5272],{},[30,44073,44075],{"className":32,"code":44074,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44076,44077,44105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44078,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44080,3609],{"class":53},[39,44082,524],{"class":517},[39,44084,195],{"class":521},[39,44086,524],{"class":517},[39,44088,61],{"class":53},[39,44090,518],{"class":517},[39,44092,127],{"class":521},[39,44094,524],{"class":517},[39,44096,61],{"class":53},[39,44098,518],{"class":517},[39,44100,9454],{"class":521},[39,44102,524],{"class":517},[39,44104,3340],{"class":53},[39,44106,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44108,3609],{"class":53},[39,44110,524],{"class":517},[39,44112,195],{"class":521},[39,44114,524],{"class":517},[39,44116,61],{"class":53},[39,44118,518],{"class":517},[39,44120,127],{"class":521},[39,44122,524],{"class":517},[39,44124,61],{"class":53},[39,44126,518],{"class":517},[39,44128,9454],{"class":521},[39,44130,524],{"class":517},[39,44132,3340],{"class":53},[20,44134,44135],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[160,44137,44139,44140],{"id":44138},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44141,43204],{},[20,44143,44144,44145,44147],{},"Do not use ",[15,44146,43204],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44149,44150],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[176,44152,44153,44159,44165,44168],{},[179,44154,44155,44156,44158],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44157,4398],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[179,44160,44161,44162,44164],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44163,43204],{}," values across program runs",[179,44166,44167],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[179,44169,44170,44171],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44172,43204],{},[20,44174,44175],{},"Bad example:",[30,44177,44179],{"className":32,"code":44178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44180,44181,44193,44205,44209,44231],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44182,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44184,46],{"class":45},[39,44186,50],{"class":49},[39,44188,572],{"class":517},[39,44190,36761],{"class":521},[39,44192,3062],{"class":517},[39,44194,44195,44197,44199,44201,44203],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44196,78],{"class":45},[39,44198,50],{"class":49},[39,44200,572],{"class":517},[39,44202,36761],{"class":521},[39,44204,3062],{"class":517},[39,44206,44207],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,44208,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,44210,44211,44213,44215,44217,44219,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,44212,6710],{"class":3584},[39,44214,14525],{"class":136},[39,44216,124],{"class":53},[39,44218,195],{"class":120},[39,44220,3366],{"class":53},[39,44222,6122],{"class":49},[39,44224,14525],{"class":136},[39,44226,124],{"class":53},[39,44228,127],{"class":120},[39,44230,8059],{"class":53},[39,44232,44233,44235,44237,44239,44242,44244],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,44234,7785],{"class":136},[39,44236,124],{"class":53},[39,44238,562],{"class":517},[39,44240,44241],{"class":521},"The values are equal",[39,44243,562],{"class":517},[39,44245,130],{"class":53},[20,44247,44248],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[30,44250,44252],{"className":32,"code":44251,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44253,44254,44267],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44255,44256,44258,44261,44263,44265],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44257,6710],{"class":3584},[39,44259,44260],{"class":45}," a ",[39,44262,4398],{"class":49},[39,44264,2266],{"class":45},[39,44266,6107],{"class":53},[39,44268,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44270,7785],{"class":136},[39,44272,124],{"class":53},[39,44274,562],{"class":517},[39,44276,44241],{"class":521},[39,44278,562],{"class":517},[39,44280,130],{"class":53},[20,44282,154,44283,1292,44285,44287],{},[15,44284,11906],{},[15,44286,43204],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[160,44289,20508],{"id":20507},[20,44291,44292],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[176,44294,44295,44298,44301,44306],{},[179,44296,44297],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[179,44299,44300],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[179,44302,44303,44304],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44305,43204],{},[179,44307,44308,44309],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44310,43204],{},[20,44312,44313],{},"The important rule is:",[176,44315,44316,44321],{},[179,44317,154,44318,44320],{},[15,44319,4398],{}," to check value",[179,44322,154,44323,44325],{},[15,44324,11906],{}," to check identity",[20,44327,44328,44329,44331],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44330,43204],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[160,44333,2537],{"id":2536},[20,44335,44336,44337,1250],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44338,43204],{},[176,44340,44341,44349,44352,44355,44360],{},[179,44342,718,44343,44345,44346,44348],{},[15,44344,43204],{}," when ",[15,44347,4398],{}," should be used",[179,44350,44351],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[179,44353,44354],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[179,44356,44357,44358],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44359,43204],{},[179,44361,718,44362,44364],{},[15,44363,43204],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44366,44367],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[30,44369,44371],{"className":32,"code":44370,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44372,44373,44388,44402,44416,44430],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44374,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44376,137],{"class":136},[39,44378,124],{"class":53},[39,44380,12362],{"class":136},[39,44382,124],{"class":53},[39,44384,44385],{"class":120},"my_object",[39,44387,486],{"class":53},[39,44389,44390,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44391,137],{"class":136},[39,44393,124],{"class":53},[39,44395,46],{"class":120},[39,44397,4398],{"class":49},[39,44399,2266],{"class":120},[39,44401,130],{"class":53},[39,44403,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,44405,137],{"class":136},[39,44407,124],{"class":53},[39,44409,46],{"class":120},[39,44411,11906],{"class":3584},[39,44413,2266],{"class":120},[39,44415,130],{"class":53},[39,44417,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,44419,137],{"class":136},[39,44421,124],{"class":53},[39,44423,479],{"class":478},[39,44425,124],{"class":53},[39,44427,44385],{"class":120},[39,44429,486],{"class":53},[39,44431,44432,44434,44436,44438],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,44433,31861],{"class":136},[39,44435,124],{"class":53},[39,44437,12362],{"class":136},[39,44439,130],{"class":53},[160,44441,1563],{"id":1562},[988,44443,44445,44446,12428],{"id":44444},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44447,43204],{},[20,44449,44450],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[988,44452,14612,44454,44456],{"id":44453},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44455,43204],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44458,44459],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[988,44461,21128,44463,44465],{"id":44462},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44464,43204],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44467,29979,44468,44470,44471,1292,44473,44475],{},[15,44469,4398],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44472,43204],{},[15,44474,11906],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[988,44477,44479,44480,2199],{"id":44478},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44481,43204],{},[20,44483,44484],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[988,44486,44488,44489,44491],{"id":44487},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44490,43204],{}," values?",[20,44493,44494],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[160,44496,1613],{"id":1612},[176,44498,44499,44504,44509,44514,44522],{},[179,44500,44501],{},[195,44502,44503],{"href":43341},"Python variables explained for beginners",[179,44505,44506],{},[195,44507,44508],{"href":43650},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[179,44510,44511],{},[195,44512,44513],{"href":43654},"Python data types overview",[179,44515,44516],{},[195,44517,13,44519,3213],{"href":44518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44520,44521],{},"isinstance()",[179,44523,44524],{},[195,44525,44527],{"href":44526},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1642,44529,44530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":44532},[44533,44535,44536,44537,44538,44539,44541,44543,44544,44545,44557],{"id":43307,"depth":75,"text":44534},"What id() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":43475,"depth":75,"text":43476},{"id":43658,"depth":75,"text":43659},{"id":43770,"depth":75,"text":43771},{"id":43927,"depth":75,"text":44540},"When id() is useful",{"id":44138,"depth":75,"text":44542},"When not to use id()",{"id":20507,"depth":75,"text":20508},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":44546},[44547,44549,44551,44553,44555],{"id":44444,"depth":99,"text":44548},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44453,"depth":99,"text":44550},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44462,"depth":99,"text":44552},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44478,"depth":99,"text":44554},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44487,"depth":99,"text":44556},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43196,"description":44558},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44565,"title":41909,"body":44566,"description":46206,"extension":1670,"meta":46207,"navigation":102,"path":46208,"seo":46209,"stem":46210,"__hash__":46211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44567,"toc":46172},[44568,44573,44578,44581,44583,44626,44631,44634,44639,44644,44647,44663,44665,44709,44711,44738,44740,44755,44757,44759,44761,44777,44779,44791,44794,44828,44831,44856,44861,44863,44868,44872,44875,44877,44925,44927,44960,44966,44977,44979,45031,45033,45064,45066,45070,45074,45117,45123,45129,45181,45189,45194,45198,45289,45291,45324,45327,45329,45389,45391,45417,45427,45429,45433,45438,45443,45445,45482,45484,45503,45506,45510,45513,45569,45581,45590,45592,45619,45627,45634,45638,45641,45678,45681,45687,45724,45726,45730,45736,45754,45759,45807,45811,45900,45903,45910,45912,45914,45919,45937,45939,45982,45988,46005,46007,46069,46071,46073,46079,46087,46093,46099,46108,46118,46122,46130,46132,46134,46169],[10,44569,13,44571,3283],{"id":44570},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44572,2665],{},[20,44574,22,44575,44577],{},[15,44576,2665],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44579,44580],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[160,44582,1711],{"id":1710},[30,44584,44586],{"className":32,"code":44585,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44587,44588,44607],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44589,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598,44600,44603,44605],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44591,7592],{"class":45},[39,44593,50],{"class":49},[39,44595,7959],{"class":136},[39,44597,124],{"class":53},[39,44599,562],{"class":517},[39,44601,44602],{"class":521},"Enter your name: ",[39,44604,562],{"class":517},[39,44606,130],{"class":53},[39,44608,44609,44611,44613,44615,44618,44620,44622,44624],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44610,137],{"class":136},[39,44612,124],{"class":53},[39,44614,562],{"class":517},[39,44616,44617],{"class":521},"Hello, ",[39,44619,562],{"class":517},[39,44621,2161],{"class":49},[39,44623,35704],{"class":120},[39,44625,130],{"class":53},[20,44627,154,44628,44630],{},[15,44629,2665],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44632,44633],"hr",{},[160,44635,3383,44637,3386],{"id":44636},"what-input-does",[15,44638,2665],{},[20,44640,44641,44643],{},[15,44642,2665],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44645,44646],{},"Here is what happens:",[176,44648,44649,44654,44657,44660],{},[179,44650,44651,44653],{},[15,44652,2665],{}," waits for the user to type",[179,44655,44656],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[179,44658,44659],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[179,44661,44662],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44664,267],{},[30,44666,44668],{"className":32,"code":44667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44669,44670,44690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44671,44672,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683,44686,44688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44673,44674],{"class":45},"color ",[39,44676,50],{"class":49},[39,44678,7959],{"class":136},[39,44680,124],{"class":53},[39,44682,562],{"class":517},[39,44684,44685],{"class":521},"What is your favorite color? ",[39,44687,562],{"class":517},[39,44689,130],{"class":53},[39,44691,44692,44694,44696,44698,44701,44703,44705,44707],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44693,137],{"class":136},[39,44695,124],{"class":53},[39,44697,562],{"class":517},[39,44699,44700],{"class":521},"Your favorite color is",[39,44702,562],{"class":517},[39,44704,61],{"class":53},[39,44706,35563],{"class":120},[39,44708,130],{"class":53},[20,44710,29739],{},[30,44712,44714],{"className":32,"code":44713,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44715,44716,44729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44717,44718,44720,44722,44725,44727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44719,3383],{"class":45},[39,44721,11906],{"class":49},[39,44723,44724],{"class":45}," your favorite color",[39,44726,2199],{"class":37080},[39,44728,35593],{"class":45},[39,44730,44731,44734,44736],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44732,44733],{"class":45},"Your favorite color ",[39,44735,11906],{"class":49},[39,44737,35593],{"class":45},[20,44739,19664],{},[176,44741,44742,44747,44752],{},[179,44743,44744,44745],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44746,44685],{},[179,44748,44749,44750],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44751,32600],{},[179,44753,44754],{},"That value is then printed",[44632,44756],{},[160,44758,202],{"id":201},[20,44760,6931],{},[30,44762,44764],{"className":32,"code":44763,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44765,44766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44767,44768,44770,44772,44775],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44769,42178],{"class":136},[39,44771,124],{"class":53},[39,44773,44774],{"class":120},"prompt",[39,44776,130],{"class":53},[20,44778,11172],{},[176,44780,44781,44785,44788],{},[179,44782,22,44783,19746],{},[15,44784,44774],{},[179,44786,44787],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[179,44789,44790],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44792,44793],{},"Example with a prompt:",[30,44795,44797],{"className":32,"code":44796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44798,44799,44818],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44800,44801,44803,44805,44807,44809,44811,44814,44816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44802,7677],{"class":45},[39,44804,50],{"class":49},[39,44806,7959],{"class":136},[39,44808,124],{"class":53},[39,44810,562],{"class":517},[39,44812,44813],{"class":521},"Enter your username: ",[39,44815,562],{"class":517},[39,44817,130],{"class":53},[39,44819,44820,44822,44824,44826],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44821,137],{"class":136},[39,44823,124],{"class":53},[39,44825,7701],{"class":120},[39,44827,130],{"class":53},[20,44829,44830],{},"Example without a prompt:",[30,44832,44834],{"className":32,"code":44833,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44835,44836,44846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44837,44838,44840,44842,44844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44839,2154],{"class":45},[39,44841,50],{"class":49},[39,44843,7959],{"class":136},[39,44845,1609],{"class":53},[39,44847,44848,44850,44852,44854],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44849,137],{"class":136},[39,44851,124],{"class":53},[39,44853,2179],{"class":120},[39,44855,130],{"class":53},[20,44857,7477,44858,44860],{},[15,44859,2665],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44632,44862],{},[160,44864,3383,44866,11417],{"id":44865},"what-input-returns",[15,44867,2665],{},[20,44869,44870,7942],{},[15,44871,2665],{},[20,44873,44874],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44876,267],{},[30,44878,44880],{"className":32,"code":44879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44881,44882,44901,44911],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44883,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892,44894,44897,44899],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44885,21336],{"class":45},[39,44887,50],{"class":49},[39,44889,7959],{"class":136},[39,44891,124],{"class":53},[39,44893,562],{"class":517},[39,44895,44896],{"class":521},"Enter your age: ",[39,44898,562],{"class":517},[39,44900,130],{"class":53},[39,44902,44903,44905,44907,44909],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44904,137],{"class":136},[39,44906,124],{"class":53},[39,44908,9015],{"class":120},[39,44910,130],{"class":53},[39,44912,44913,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,44914,137],{"class":136},[39,44916,124],{"class":53},[39,44918,479],{"class":478},[39,44920,124],{"class":53},[39,44922,9015],{"class":120},[39,44924,486],{"class":53},[20,44926,29739],{},[30,44928,44930],{"className":32,"code":44929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44931,44932,44942,44946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44933,44934,44937,44939],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44935,44936],{"class":45},"Enter your age",[39,44938,1250],{"class":53},[39,44940,44941],{"class":57}," 25\n",[39,44943,44944],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,44945,2415],{"class":57},[39,44947,44948,44950,44952,44954,44956,44958],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,44949,510],{"class":49},[39,44951,514],{"class":513},[39,44953,518],{"class":517},[39,44955,3147],{"class":521},[39,44957,524],{"class":517},[39,44959,527],{"class":49},[20,44961,44962,44963,44965],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44964,8911],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44967,44968,44969,1292,44973,117],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[195,44970,44971],{"href":2582},[15,44972,2585],{},[195,44974,44975],{"href":2588},[15,44976,2591],{},[20,44978,267],{},[30,44980,44982],{"className":32,"code":44981,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44983,44984,45007,45017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44985,44986,44988,44990,44993,44995,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44987,21336],{"class":45},[39,44989,50],{"class":49},[39,44991,44992],{"class":478}," int",[39,44994,124],{"class":53},[39,44996,42178],{"class":136},[39,44998,124],{"class":53},[39,45000,562],{"class":517},[39,45002,44896],{"class":521},[39,45004,562],{"class":517},[39,45006,486],{"class":53},[39,45008,45009,45011,45013,45015],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45010,137],{"class":136},[39,45012,124],{"class":53},[39,45014,9015],{"class":120},[39,45016,130],{"class":53},[39,45018,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45029],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45020,137],{"class":136},[39,45022,124],{"class":53},[39,45024,479],{"class":478},[39,45026,124],{"class":53},[39,45028,9015],{"class":120},[39,45030,486],{"class":53},[20,45032,29739],{},[30,45034,45036],{"className":32,"code":45035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45037,45038,45046,45050],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45039,45040,45042,45044],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45041,44936],{"class":45},[39,45043,1250],{"class":53},[39,45045,44941],{"class":57},[39,45047,45048],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45049,2415],{"class":57},[39,45051,45052,45054,45056,45058,45060,45062],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45053,510],{"class":49},[39,45055,514],{"class":513},[39,45057,518],{"class":517},[39,45059,1895],{"class":521},[39,45061,524],{"class":517},[39,45063,527],{"class":49},[44632,45065],{},[160,45067,45069],{"id":45068},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[988,45071,45073],{"id":45072},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[30,45075,45077],{"className":32,"code":45076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45078,45079,45098],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45080,45081,45083,45085,45087,45089,45091,45094,45096],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45082,7592],{"class":45},[39,45084,50],{"class":49},[39,45086,7959],{"class":136},[39,45088,124],{"class":53},[39,45090,562],{"class":517},[39,45092,45093],{"class":521},"What is your name? ",[39,45095,562],{"class":517},[39,45097,130],{"class":53},[39,45099,45100,45102,45104,45106,45109,45111,45113,45115],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45101,137],{"class":136},[39,45103,124],{"class":53},[39,45105,562],{"class":517},[39,45107,45108],{"class":521},"Hello,",[39,45110,562],{"class":517},[39,45112,61],{"class":53},[39,45114,35704],{"class":120},[39,45116,130],{"class":53},[20,45118,45119,45120,45122],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45121,7382],{}," and prints it.",[988,45124,45126,45127],{"id":45125},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45128,2585],{},[30,45130,45132],{"className":32,"code":45131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45133,45134,45157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45135,45136,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148,45150,45153,45155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45137,21336],{"class":45},[39,45139,50],{"class":49},[39,45141,44992],{"class":478},[39,45143,124],{"class":53},[39,45145,42178],{"class":136},[39,45147,124],{"class":53},[39,45149,562],{"class":517},[39,45151,45152],{"class":521},"How old are you? ",[39,45154,562],{"class":517},[39,45156,486],{"class":53},[39,45158,45159,45161,45163,45165,45168,45170,45172,45175,45177,45179],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45160,137],{"class":136},[39,45162,124],{"class":53},[39,45164,562],{"class":517},[39,45166,45167],{"class":521},"Next year you will be",[39,45169,562],{"class":517},[39,45171,61],{"class":53},[39,45173,45174],{"class":120}," age ",[39,45176,1767],{"class":49},[39,45178,5210],{"class":57},[39,45180,130],{"class":53},[20,45182,5774,45183,45185,45186,45188],{},[15,45184,2585],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45187,2665],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45190,45191,45192,117],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[195,45193,8698],{"href":8697},[988,45195,45197],{"id":45196},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[30,45199,45201],{"className":32,"code":45200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45202,45203,45227,45251,45265,45269],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45204,45205,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220,45223,45225],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45206,45207],{"class":45},"num1 ",[39,45209,50],{"class":49},[39,45211,44992],{"class":478},[39,45213,124],{"class":53},[39,45215,42178],{"class":136},[39,45217,124],{"class":53},[39,45219,562],{"class":517},[39,45221,45222],{"class":521},"Enter the first number: ",[39,45224,562],{"class":517},[39,45226,486],{"class":53},[39,45228,45229,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240,45242,45244,45247,45249],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45230,45231],{"class":45},"num2 ",[39,45233,50],{"class":49},[39,45235,44992],{"class":478},[39,45237,124],{"class":53},[39,45239,42178],{"class":136},[39,45241,124],{"class":53},[39,45243,562],{"class":517},[39,45245,45246],{"class":521},"Enter the second number: ",[39,45248,562],{"class":517},[39,45250,486],{"class":53},[39,45252,45253,45255,45257,45260,45262],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45254,40897],{"class":45},[39,45256,50],{"class":49},[39,45258,45259],{"class":45}," num1 ",[39,45261,1767],{"class":49},[39,45263,45264],{"class":45}," num2\n",[39,45266,45267],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,45268,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,45270,45271,45273,45275,45277,45280,45282,45284,45287],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,45272,137],{"class":136},[39,45274,124],{"class":53},[39,45276,562],{"class":517},[39,45278,45279],{"class":521},"Total:",[39,45281,562],{"class":517},[39,45283,61],{"class":53},[39,45285,45286],{"class":120}," total",[39,45288,130],{"class":53},[20,45290,29739],{},[30,45292,45294],{"className":32,"code":45293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45295,45296,45306,45315],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45297,45298,45301,45303],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45299,45300],{"class":45},"Enter the first number",[39,45302,1250],{"class":53},[39,45304,45305],{"class":57}," 2\n",[39,45307,45308,45311,45313],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45309,45310],{"class":45},"Enter the second number",[39,45312,1250],{"class":53},[39,45314,2284],{"class":57},[39,45316,45317,45320,45322],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45318,45319],{"class":45},"Total",[39,45321,1250],{"class":53},[39,45323,34553],{"class":57},[20,45325,45326],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45328,267],{},[30,45330,45332],{"className":32,"code":45331,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45333,45334,45352,45370,45374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45335,45336,45338,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45337,45207],{"class":45},[39,45339,50],{"class":49},[39,45341,7959],{"class":136},[39,45343,124],{"class":53},[39,45345,562],{"class":517},[39,45347,45222],{"class":521},[39,45349,562],{"class":517},[39,45351,130],{"class":53},[39,45353,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366,45368],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45355,45231],{"class":45},[39,45357,50],{"class":49},[39,45359,7959],{"class":136},[39,45361,124],{"class":53},[39,45363,562],{"class":517},[39,45365,45246],{"class":521},[39,45367,562],{"class":517},[39,45369,130],{"class":53},[39,45371,45372],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45373,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,45375,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384,45387],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,45377,137],{"class":136},[39,45379,124],{"class":53},[39,45381,45207],{"class":120},[39,45383,1767],{"class":49},[39,45385,45386],{"class":120}," num2",[39,45388,130],{"class":53},[20,45390,29739],{},[30,45392,45394],{"className":32,"code":45393,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45395,45396,45404,45412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45397,45398,45400,45402],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45399,45300],{"class":45},[39,45401,1250],{"class":53},[39,45403,45305],{"class":57},[39,45405,45406,45408,45410],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45407,45310],{"class":45},[39,45409,1250],{"class":53},[39,45411,2284],{"class":57},[39,45413,45414],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45415,45416],{"class":57},"23\n",[20,45418,45419,45420,45423,45424,117],{},"That happens because ",[15,45421,45422],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45425,45426],{},"\"23\"",[44632,45428],{},[160,45430,45432],{"id":45431},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45434,45435,45436,117],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45437,2665],{},[988,45439,4414,45441,41257],{"id":45440},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45442,2665],{},[20,45444,38912],{},[30,45446,45448],{"className":32,"code":45447,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45449,45450,45468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45451,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45453,2154],{"class":45},[39,45455,50],{"class":49},[39,45457,7959],{"class":136},[39,45459,124],{"class":53},[39,45461,562],{"class":517},[39,45463,41586],{"class":521},[39,45465,562],{"class":517},[39,45467,130],{"class":53},[39,45469,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45471,137],{"class":136},[39,45473,124],{"class":53},[39,45475,479],{"class":478},[39,45477,124],{"class":53},[39,45479,2179],{"class":120},[39,45481,486],{"class":53},[20,45483,353],{},[30,45485,45487],{"className":32,"code":45486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45488,45489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45490,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499,45501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45492,510],{"class":49},[39,45494,514],{"class":513},[39,45496,518],{"class":517},[39,45498,3147],{"class":521},[39,45500,524],{"class":517},[39,45502,527],{"class":49},[20,45504,45505],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[988,45507,45509],{"id":45508},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45511,45512],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[30,45514,45516],{"className":32,"code":45515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45517,45518,45536,45555],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45519,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45521,46],{"class":45},[39,45523,50],{"class":49},[39,45525,7959],{"class":136},[39,45527,124],{"class":53},[39,45529,562],{"class":517},[39,45531,41586],{"class":521},[39,45533,562],{"class":517},[39,45535,130],{"class":53},[39,45537,45538,45540,45542,45544,45546,45548,45551,45553],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45539,78],{"class":45},[39,45541,50],{"class":49},[39,45543,7959],{"class":136},[39,45545,124],{"class":53},[39,45547,562],{"class":517},[39,45549,45550],{"class":521},"Enter another number: ",[39,45552,562],{"class":517},[39,45554,130],{"class":53},[39,45556,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45558,137],{"class":136},[39,45560,124],{"class":53},[39,45562,46],{"class":120},[39,45564,1767],{"class":49},[39,45566,2266],{"class":120},[39,45568,130],{"class":53},[20,45570,40835,45571,4104,45573,45575,45576,18670,45579,117],{},[15,45572,2212],{},[15,45574,1843],{},", the result is ",[15,45577,45578],{},"45",[15,45580,1851],{},[988,45582,45584,45585,45587,45588],{"id":45583},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45586,40418],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45589,2585],{},[20,45591,267],{},[30,45593,45595],{"className":32,"code":45594,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45596,45597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45613,45615,45617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45600,21336],{"class":45},[39,45602,50],{"class":49},[39,45604,44992],{"class":478},[39,45606,124],{"class":53},[39,45608,42178],{"class":136},[39,45610,124],{"class":53},[39,45612,562],{"class":517},[39,45614,44896],{"class":521},[39,45616,562],{"class":517},[39,45618,486],{"class":53},[20,45620,7988,45621,45624,45625,117],{},[15,45622,45623],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45626,40418],{},[20,45628,45629,45630,117],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[195,45631,45633],{"href":45632},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[988,45635,45637],{"id":45636},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45639,45640],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[30,45642,45644],{"className":32,"code":45643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45645,45646,45664],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45647,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45649,7592],{"class":45},[39,45651,50],{"class":49},[39,45653,7959],{"class":136},[39,45655,124],{"class":53},[39,45657,562],{"class":517},[39,45659,44602],{"class":521},[39,45661,562],{"class":517},[39,45663,130],{"class":53},[39,45665,45666,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45667,137],{"class":136},[39,45669,124],{"class":53},[39,45671,41494],{"class":136},[39,45673,124],{"class":53},[39,45675,7382],{"class":120},[39,45677,486],{"class":53},[20,45679,45680],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45682,45683,45684,1250],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45685,45686],{},".strip()",[30,45688,45690],{"className":32,"code":45689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45691,45692,45714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45693,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45695,7592],{"class":45},[39,45697,50],{"class":49},[39,45699,7959],{"class":136},[39,45701,124],{"class":53},[39,45703,562],{"class":517},[39,45705,44602],{"class":521},[39,45707,562],{"class":517},[39,45709,8349],{"class":53},[39,45711,8352],{"class":120},[39,45713,1609],{"class":53},[39,45715,45716,45718,45720,45722],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45717,137],{"class":136},[39,45719,124],{"class":53},[39,45721,7382],{"class":120},[39,45723,130],{"class":53},[44632,45725],{},[160,45727,45729],{"id":45728},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45731,45732,45733,45735],{},"These habits make ",[15,45734,2665],{}," easier and safer to use.",[176,45737,45738,45741,45746,45749],{},[179,45739,45740],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[179,45742,154,45743,45745],{},[15,45744,45686],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[179,45747,45748],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[179,45750,154,45751,45753],{},[15,45752,29491],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45755,45756,45757,1250],{},"Example with ",[15,45758,45686],{},[30,45760,45762],{"className":32,"code":45761,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45763,45764,45788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45765,45766,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45780,45782,45784,45786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45767,45768],{"class":45},"city ",[39,45770,50],{"class":49},[39,45772,7959],{"class":136},[39,45774,124],{"class":53},[39,45776,562],{"class":517},[39,45778,45779],{"class":521},"Enter your city: ",[39,45781,562],{"class":517},[39,45783,8349],{"class":53},[39,45785,8352],{"class":120},[39,45787,1609],{"class":53},[39,45789,45790,45792,45794,45796,45799,45801,45803,45805],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45791,137],{"class":136},[39,45793,124],{"class":53},[39,45795,562],{"class":517},[39,45797,45798],{"class":521},"City:",[39,45800,562],{"class":517},[39,45802,61],{"class":53},[39,45804,31093],{"class":120},[39,45806,130],{"class":53},[20,45808,45756,45809,1250],{},[15,45810,29491],{},[30,45812,45814],{"className":32,"code":45813,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45815,45816,45822,45845,45877,45885],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45817,45818,45820],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45819,29513],{"class":3584},[39,45821,6107],{"class":53},[39,45823,45824,45827,45829,45831,45833,45835,45837,45839,45841,45843],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45825,45826],{"class":45},"    age ",[39,45828,50],{"class":49},[39,45830,44992],{"class":478},[39,45832,124],{"class":53},[39,45834,42178],{"class":136},[39,45836,124],{"class":53},[39,45838,562],{"class":517},[39,45840,44896],{"class":521},[39,45842,562],{"class":517},[39,45844,486],{"class":53},[39,45846,45847,45849,45851,45853,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870,45873,45875],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45848,7785],{"class":136},[39,45850,124],{"class":53},[39,45852,562],{"class":517},[39,45854,45855],{"class":521},"You will be",[39,45857,562],{"class":517},[39,45859,61],{"class":53},[39,45861,45174],{"class":120},[39,45863,1767],{"class":49},[39,45865,5210],{"class":57},[39,45867,61],{"class":53},[39,45869,572],{"class":517},[39,45871,45872],{"class":521},"next year",[39,45874,562],{"class":517},[39,45876,130],{"class":53},[39,45878,45879,45881,45883],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,45880,29544],{"class":3584},[39,45882,41641],{"class":478},[39,45884,6107],{"class":53},[39,45886,45887,45889,45891,45893,45896,45898],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,45888,7785],{"class":136},[39,45890,124],{"class":53},[39,45892,562],{"class":517},[39,45894,45895],{"class":521},"Please enter a whole number.",[39,45897,562],{"class":517},[39,45899,130],{"class":53},[20,45901,45902],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45904,45905,45906,117],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[195,45907,45909],{"href":45908},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44632,45911],{},[160,45913,2537],{"id":2536},[20,45915,45916,45917,1250],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45918,2665],{},[176,45920,45921,45928,45931,45934],{},[179,45922,45923,45924,1292,45926],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45925,2585],{},[15,45927,2591],{},[179,45929,45930],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[179,45932,45933],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[179,45935,45936],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45938,31791],{},[30,45940,45942],{"className":32,"code":45941,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45943,45944,45954,45968],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45945,45946,45948,45950,45952],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45947,137],{"class":136},[39,45949,124],{"class":53},[39,45951,2179],{"class":120},[39,45953,130],{"class":53},[39,45955,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,45957,137],{"class":136},[39,45959,124],{"class":53},[39,45961,479],{"class":478},[39,45963,124],{"class":53},[39,45965,2179],{"class":120},[39,45967,486],{"class":53},[39,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,45971,137],{"class":136},[39,45973,124],{"class":53},[39,45975,41494],{"class":136},[39,45977,124],{"class":53},[39,45979,2179],{"class":120},[39,45981,486],{"class":53},[20,45983,45984,45985,45987],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45986,2665],{}," actually returned:",[176,45989,45990,45995,46000],{},[179,45991,45992,45994],{},[15,45993,41542],{}," shows the value",[179,45996,45997,45999],{},[15,45998,41548],{}," shows the data type",[179,46001,46002,46004],{},[15,46003,41553],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46006,267],{},[30,46008,46010],{"className":32,"code":46009,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46011,46012,46031,46041,46055],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46013,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46027,46029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46015,2154],{"class":45},[39,46017,50],{"class":49},[39,46019,7959],{"class":136},[39,46021,124],{"class":53},[39,46023,562],{"class":517},[39,46025,46026],{"class":521},"Enter something: ",[39,46028,562],{"class":517},[39,46030,130],{"class":53},[39,46032,46033,46035,46037,46039],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46034,137],{"class":136},[39,46036,124],{"class":53},[39,46038,2179],{"class":120},[39,46040,130],{"class":53},[39,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46044,137],{"class":136},[39,46046,124],{"class":53},[39,46048,479],{"class":478},[39,46050,124],{"class":53},[39,46052,2179],{"class":120},[39,46054,486],{"class":53},[39,46056,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,46058,137],{"class":136},[39,46060,124],{"class":53},[39,46062,41494],{"class":136},[39,46064,124],{"class":53},[39,46066,2179],{"class":120},[39,46068,486],{"class":53},[44632,46070],{},[160,46072,1563],{"id":1562},[988,46074,1567,46076,46078],{"id":46075},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46077,2665],{}," return an integer?",[20,46080,46081,46082,46084,46085,39643],{},"No. ",[15,46083,2665],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46086,2585],{},[988,46088,46090,46091,2199],{"id":46089},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46092,2665],{},[20,46094,46095,46096,46098],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46097,2665],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[988,46100,4869,46102,46105,46106,2199],{"id":46101},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46103,46104],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46107,2665],{},[20,46109,28770,46110,46112,46113,41870,46115,46117],{},[15,46111,2665],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46114,45422],{},[15,46116,45426],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[988,46119,46121],{"id":46120},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46123,154,46124,46126,46127,117],{},[15,46125,45686],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46128,46129],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44632,46131],{},[160,46133,1613],{"id":1612},[176,46135,46136,46141,46145,46151,46157,46161],{},[179,46137,46138],{},[195,46139,46140],{"href":45908},"How to get user input in Python",[179,46142,46143],{},[195,46144,8775],{"href":8697},[179,46146,46147],{},[195,46148,13,46149,3213],{"href":2582},[15,46150,2585],{},[179,46152,46153],{},[195,46154,13,46155,3213],{"href":2588},[15,46156,2591],{},[179,46158,46159],{},[195,46160,45633],{"href":45632},[179,46162,46163],{},[195,46164,13,46166,3213],{"href":46165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46167,46168],{},"print()",[1642,46170,46171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":46173},[46174,46175,46177,46178,46180,46186,46194,46195,46196,46205],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":44636,"depth":75,"text":46176},"What input() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":44865,"depth":75,"text":46179},"What input() returns",{"id":45068,"depth":75,"text":45069,"children":46181},[46182,46183,46185],{"id":45072,"depth":99,"text":45073},{"id":45125,"depth":99,"text":46184},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45196,"depth":99,"text":45197},{"id":45431,"depth":75,"text":45432,"children":46187},[46188,46190,46191,46193],{"id":45440,"depth":99,"text":46189},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45508,"depth":99,"text":45509},{"id":45583,"depth":99,"text":46192},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45636,"depth":99,"text":45637},{"id":45728,"depth":75,"text":45729},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":46197},[46198,46200,46202,46204],{"id":46075,"depth":99,"text":46199},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46089,"depth":99,"text":46201},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46101,"depth":99,"text":46203},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46120,"depth":99,"text":46121},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41909,"description":46206},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46213,"title":41811,"body":46214,"description":48527,"extension":1670,"meta":48528,"navigation":102,"path":48529,"seo":48530,"stem":48531,"__hash__":48532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46215,"toc":48479},[46216,46221,46226,46231,46252,46255,46257,46317,46319,46338,46343,46348,46353,46355,46368,46370,46453,46455,46496,46502,46504,46534,46540,46543,46560,46562,46614,46616,46634,46640,46646,46649,46667,46669,46742,46744,46763,46770,46776,46781,46784,46844,46846,46865,46868,46871,46886,46892,46896,46957,46959,46980,46984,47113,47115,47245,47255,47261,47267,47275,47341,47343,47368,47371,47388,47401,47407,47410,47443,47445,47458,47461,47504,47506,47514,47521,47525,47532,47536,47563,47565,47573,47579,47596,47601,47605,47632,47634,47642,47646,47651,47654,47680,47683,47692,47700,47704,47714,47718,47721,47723,47774,47776,47806,47816,47843,47845,47853,47863,47867,47870,47872,47920,47922,47966,47972,48023,48025,48044,48049,48054,48057,48076,48079,48131,48133,48142,48144,48148,48152,48155,48164,48171,48173,48200,48204,48206,48215,48218,48225,48231,48291,48295,48297,48305,48308,48334,48340,48343,48363,48365,48374,48382,48384,48390,48395,48402,48412,48418,48426,48430,48433,48435,48476],[10,46217,13,46219,3283],{"id":46218},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46220,2585],{},[20,46222,32026,46223,46225],{},[15,46224,2585],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46227,35117,46228,46230],{},[15,46229,2585],{}," when they want to:",[176,46232,46233,46243,46246,46249],{},[179,46234,46235,46236,46239,46240],{},"turn text like ",[15,46237,46238],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46241,46242],{},"42",[179,46244,46245],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[179,46247,46248],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[179,46250,46251],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46253,46254],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[160,46256,1711],{"id":1710},[30,46258,46260],{"className":32,"code":46259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46261,46262,46280,46294],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46263,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46265,137],{"class":136},[39,46267,124],{"class":53},[39,46269,1895],{"class":478},[39,46271,124],{"class":53},[39,46273,562],{"class":517},[39,46275,46242],{"class":521},[39,46277,562],{"class":517},[39,46279,486],{"class":53},[39,46281,46282,46284,46286,46288,46290,46292],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46283,137],{"class":136},[39,46285,124],{"class":53},[39,46287,1895],{"class":478},[39,46289,124],{"class":53},[39,46291,41699],{"class":57},[39,46293,486],{"class":53},[39,46295,46296,46298,46300,46302,46304,46306,46309,46311,46313,46315],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46297,137],{"class":136},[39,46299,124],{"class":53},[39,46301,1895],{"class":478},[39,46303,124],{"class":53},[39,46305,562],{"class":517},[39,46307,46308],{"class":521},"101",[39,46310,562],{"class":517},[39,46312,61],{"class":53},[39,46314,64],{"class":57},[39,46316,486],{"class":53},[20,46318,353],{},[30,46320,46322],{"className":32,"code":46321,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46323,46324,46329,46334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46325,46326],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46327,46328],{"class":57},"42\n",[39,46330,46331],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46332,46333],{"class":57},"3\n",[39,46335,46336],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46337,2654],{"class":57},[20,46339,154,46340,46342],{},[15,46341,2585],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[160,46344,3383,46346,3386],{"id":46345},"what-int-does",[15,46347,2585],{},[20,46349,46350,46352],{},[15,46351,2585],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46354,174],{},[176,46356,46357,46362,46365],{},[179,46358,46359,46360,7053],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46361,1895],{},[179,46363,46364],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[179,46366,46367],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46369,267],{},[30,46371,46373],{"className":32,"code":46372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46374,46375,46387,46401,46405,46415,46425,46439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46376,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46378,34398],{"class":45},[39,46380,50],{"class":49},[39,46382,572],{"class":517},[39,46384,8911],{"class":521},[39,46386,3062],{"class":517},[39,46388,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397,46399],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46390,1924],{"class":45},[39,46392,50],{"class":49},[39,46394,44992],{"class":478},[39,46396,124],{"class":53},[39,46398,34419],{"class":120},[39,46400,130],{"class":53},[39,46402,46403],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46404,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,46408,137],{"class":136},[39,46410,124],{"class":53},[39,46412,34419],{"class":120},[39,46414,130],{"class":53},[39,46416,46417,46419,46421,46423],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,46418,137],{"class":136},[39,46420,124],{"class":53},[39,46422,1946],{"class":120},[39,46424,130],{"class":53},[39,46426,46427,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,46428,137],{"class":136},[39,46430,124],{"class":53},[39,46432,479],{"class":478},[39,46434,124],{"class":53},[39,46436,34419],{"class":120},[39,46438,486],{"class":53},[39,46440,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,46442,137],{"class":136},[39,46444,124],{"class":53},[39,46446,479],{"class":478},[39,46448,124],{"class":53},[39,46450,1946],{"class":120},[39,46452,486],{"class":53},[20,46454,353],{},[30,46456,46458],{"className":32,"code":46457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46459,46460,46464,46468,46482],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46461,46462],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46463,2415],{"class":57},[39,46465,46466],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46467,2415],{"class":57},[39,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46471,510],{"class":49},[39,46473,514],{"class":513},[39,46475,518],{"class":517},[39,46477,3147],{"class":521},[39,46479,524],{"class":517},[39,46481,527],{"class":49},[39,46483,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,46485,510],{"class":49},[39,46487,514],{"class":513},[39,46489,518],{"class":517},[39,46491,1895],{"class":521},[39,46493,524],{"class":517},[39,46495,527],{"class":49},[20,46497,46498,46499,46501],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46500,2585],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[160,46503,202],{"id":201},[30,46505,46507],{"className":32,"code":46506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46508,46509,46519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46510,46511,46513,46515,46517],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46512,1895],{"class":478},[39,46514,124],{"class":53},[39,46516,1880],{"class":120},[39,46518,130],{"class":53},[39,46520,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529,46532],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46522,1895],{"class":478},[39,46524,124],{"class":53},[39,46526,1880],{"class":120},[39,46528,61],{"class":53},[39,46530,46531],{"class":120}," base",[39,46533,130],{"class":53},[988,46535,46537],{"id":46536},"intx",[15,46538,46539],{},"int(x)",[20,46541,46542],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[176,46544,46545,46550,46555],{},[179,46546,46547,46548],{},"a string such as ",[15,46549,41841],{},[179,46551,46552,46553],{},"a float such as ",[15,46554,41699],{},[179,46556,46557,46558],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46559,3308],{},[20,46561,267],{},[30,46563,46565],{"className":32,"code":46564,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46566,46567,46585,46600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46568,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581,46583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46570,137],{"class":136},[39,46572,124],{"class":53},[39,46574,1895],{"class":478},[39,46576,124],{"class":53},[39,46578,562],{"class":517},[39,46580,2037],{"class":521},[39,46582,562],{"class":517},[39,46584,486],{"class":53},[39,46586,46587,46589,46591,46593,46595,46598],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46588,137],{"class":136},[39,46590,124],{"class":53},[39,46592,1895],{"class":478},[39,46594,124],{"class":53},[39,46596,46597],{"class":57},"8.7",[39,46599,486],{"class":53},[39,46601,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46603,137],{"class":136},[39,46605,124],{"class":53},[39,46607,1895],{"class":478},[39,46609,124],{"class":53},[39,46611,3308],{"class":3559},[39,46613,486],{"class":53},[20,46615,353],{},[30,46617,46619],{"className":32,"code":46618,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46620,46621,46625,46629],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46622,46623],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46624,2083],{"class":57},[39,46626,46627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46628,2088],{"class":57},[39,46630,46631],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46632,46633],{"class":57},"1\n",[988,46635,46637],{"id":46636},"intx-base",[15,46638,46639],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46641,46642,46643,46645],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46644,1880],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46647,46648],{},"Common bases:",[176,46650,46651,46656,46661],{},[179,46652,46653,46655],{},[15,46654,85],{}," for binary",[179,46657,46658,46660],{},[15,46659,2052],{}," for octal",[179,46662,46663,46666],{},[15,46664,46665],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46668,267],{},[30,46670,46672],{"className":32,"code":46671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46673,46674,46696,46719],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46677,137],{"class":136},[39,46679,124],{"class":53},[39,46681,1895],{"class":478},[39,46683,124],{"class":53},[39,46685,562],{"class":517},[39,46687,46308],{"class":521},[39,46689,562],{"class":517},[39,46691,61],{"class":53},[39,46693,64],{"class":57},[39,46695,486],{"class":53},[39,46697,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708,46711,46713,46715,46717],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46699,137],{"class":136},[39,46701,124],{"class":53},[39,46703,1895],{"class":478},[39,46705,124],{"class":53},[39,46707,562],{"class":517},[39,46709,46710],{"class":521},"17",[39,46712,562],{"class":517},[39,46714,61],{"class":53},[39,46716,6073],{"class":57},[39,46718,486],{"class":53},[39,46720,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46734,46736,46738,46740],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46722,137],{"class":136},[39,46724,124],{"class":53},[39,46726,1895],{"class":478},[39,46728,124],{"class":53},[39,46730,562],{"class":517},[39,46732,46733],{"class":521},"1A",[39,46735,562],{"class":517},[39,46737,61],{"class":53},[39,46739,13697],{"class":57},[39,46741,486],{"class":53},[20,46743,353],{},[30,46745,46747],{"className":32,"code":46746,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46748,46749,46753,46758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46750,46751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46752,2654],{"class":57},[39,46754,46755],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46756,46757],{"class":57},"15\n",[39,46759,46760],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46761,46762],{"class":57},"26\n",[20,46764,46765,46766,117],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[195,46767,46768,2009],{"href":2588},[15,46769,2591],{},[160,46771,718,46773,46775],{"id":46772},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46774,2585],{}," with strings",[20,46777,46778,46780],{},[15,46779,2585],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46782,46783],{},"Examples that work:",[30,46785,46787],{"className":32,"code":46786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46788,46789,46807,46825],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46790,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46792,137],{"class":136},[39,46794,124],{"class":53},[39,46796,1895],{"class":478},[39,46798,124],{"class":53},[39,46800,562],{"class":517},[39,46802,1843],{"class":521},[39,46804,562],{"class":517},[39,46806,486],{"class":53},[39,46808,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46810,137],{"class":136},[39,46812,124],{"class":53},[39,46814,1895],{"class":478},[39,46816,124],{"class":53},[39,46818,562],{"class":517},[39,46820,1998],{"class":521},[39,46822,562],{"class":517},[39,46824,486],{"class":53},[39,46826,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46840,46842],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46828,137],{"class":136},[39,46830,124],{"class":53},[39,46832,1895],{"class":478},[39,46834,124],{"class":53},[39,46836,562],{"class":517},[39,46838,46839],{"class":521},"  42  ",[39,46841,562],{"class":517},[39,46843,486],{"class":53},[20,46845,353],{},[30,46847,46849],{"className":32,"code":46848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46850,46851,46855,46861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46852,46853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46854,2654],{"class":57},[39,46856,46857,46859],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46858,1730],{"class":49},[39,46860,1932],{"class":57},[39,46862,46863],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46864,46328],{"class":57},[20,46866,46867],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46869,46870],{},"Examples that fail:",[30,46872,46874],{"className":32,"code":46873,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46875,46876,46881],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46877,46878],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46879,46880],{"class":150},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[39,46882,46883],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46884,46885],{"class":150},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46887,46888,46889,46891],{},"These raise ",[15,46890,40418],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[988,46893,46895],{"id":46894},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[30,46897,46899],{"className":32,"code":46898,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46900,46901,46919,46938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46902,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46904,137],{"class":136},[39,46906,124],{"class":53},[39,46908,1895],{"class":478},[39,46910,124],{"class":53},[39,46912,562],{"class":517},[39,46914,1826],{"class":521},[39,46916,562],{"class":517},[39,46918,486],{"class":53},[39,46920,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46934,46936],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46922,137],{"class":136},[39,46924,124],{"class":53},[39,46926,1895],{"class":478},[39,46928,124],{"class":53},[39,46930,562],{"class":517},[39,46932,46933],{"class":521},"+7",[39,46935,562],{"class":517},[39,46937,486],{"class":53},[39,46939,46940,46942,46944,46946,46948,46950,46953,46955],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46941,137],{"class":136},[39,46943,124],{"class":53},[39,46945,1895],{"class":478},[39,46947,124],{"class":53},[39,46949,562],{"class":517},[39,46951,46952],{"class":521},"-100",[39,46954,562],{"class":517},[39,46956,486],{"class":53},[20,46958,353],{},[30,46960,46962],{"className":32,"code":46961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46963,46964,46969,46973],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46965,46966],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46967,46968],{"class":57},"0\n",[39,46970,46971],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,46972,1786],{"class":57},[39,46974,46975,46977],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,46976,1730],{"class":49},[39,46978,46979],{"class":57},"100\n",[988,46981,46983],{"id":46982},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[30,46985,46987],{"className":32,"code":46986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46988,46989,47027,47031,47043,47050,47065,47080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46990,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47007,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018,47020,47023,47025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46992,3529],{"class":45},[39,46994,50],{"class":49},[39,46996,3327],{"class":53},[39,46998,562],{"class":517},[39,47000,39857],{"class":521},[39,47002,562],{"class":517},[39,47004,61],{"class":53},[39,47006,572],{"class":517},[39,47008,47009],{"class":521},"12abc",[39,47011,562],{"class":517},[39,47013,61],{"class":53},[39,47015,5840],{"class":517},[39,47017,61],{"class":53},[39,47019,572],{"class":517},[39,47021,47022],{"class":521},"seven",[39,47024,562],{"class":517},[39,47026,3340],{"class":53},[39,47028,47029],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47030,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,47032,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47034,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47036,21292],{"class":45},[39,47038,3591],{"class":3584},[39,47040,3594],{"class":45},[39,47042,6107],{"class":53},[39,47044,47045,47048],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47046,47047],{"class":3584},"    try",[39,47049,6107],{"class":53},[39,47051,47052,47055,47057,47059,47061,47063],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,47053,47054],{"class":136},"        print",[39,47056,124],{"class":53},[39,47058,1895],{"class":478},[39,47060,124],{"class":53},[39,47062,2179],{"class":120},[39,47064,486],{"class":53},[39,47066,47067,47070,47072,47075,47078],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,47068,47069],{"class":3584},"    except",[39,47071,41641],{"class":478},[39,47073,47074],{"class":3584}," as",[39,47076,47077],{"class":45}," error",[39,47079,6107],{"class":53},[39,47081,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47097,47099,47102,47104,47107,47109,47111],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,47083,47054],{"class":136},[39,47085,124],{"class":53},[39,47087,22001],{"class":513},[39,47089,562],{"class":521},[39,47091,363],{"class":57},[39,47093,2179],{"class":120},[39,47095,47096],{"class":513},"!r",[39,47098,22010],{"class":57},[39,47100,47101],{"class":521}," -> ",[39,47103,363],{"class":57},[39,47105,47106],{"class":120},"error",[39,47108,22010],{"class":57},[39,47110,562],{"class":521},[39,47112,130],{"class":53},[20,47114,353],{},[30,47116,47118],{"className":32,"code":47117,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47119,47120,47156,47188,47213],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47121,47122,47124,47126,47128,47131,47134,47136,47138,47140,47143,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47123,524],{"class":43044},[39,47125,39857],{"class":43048},[39,47127,524],{"class":43044},[39,47129,47130],{"class":37080}," ->",[39,47132,47133],{"class":45}," invalid literal ",[39,47135,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47137,44992],{"class":478},[39,47139,7079],{"class":53},[39,47141,47142],{"class":3584}," with",[39,47144,47145],{"class":45}," base ",[39,47147,2037],{"class":57},[39,47149,1250],{"class":53},[39,47151,518],{"class":517},[39,47153,39857],{"class":521},[39,47155,29409],{"class":517},[39,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47159,524],{"class":517},[39,47161,47009],{"class":521},[39,47163,524],{"class":517},[39,47165,47130],{"class":37080},[39,47167,47133],{"class":45},[39,47169,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47171,44992],{"class":478},[39,47173,7079],{"class":53},[39,47175,47142],{"class":3584},[39,47177,47145],{"class":45},[39,47179,2037],{"class":57},[39,47181,1250],{"class":53},[39,47183,518],{"class":517},[39,47185,47009],{"class":521},[39,47187,29409],{"class":517},[39,47189,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47191,3479],{"class":517},[39,47193,47130],{"class":37080},[39,47195,47133],{"class":45},[39,47197,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47199,44992],{"class":478},[39,47201,7079],{"class":53},[39,47203,47142],{"class":3584},[39,47205,47145],{"class":45},[39,47207,2037],{"class":57},[39,47209,1250],{"class":53},[39,47211,47212],{"class":517}," ''\n",[39,47214,47215,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47216,524],{"class":517},[39,47218,47022],{"class":521},[39,47220,524],{"class":517},[39,47222,47130],{"class":37080},[39,47224,47133],{"class":45},[39,47226,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47228,44992],{"class":478},[39,47230,7079],{"class":53},[39,47232,47142],{"class":3584},[39,47234,47145],{"class":45},[39,47236,2037],{"class":57},[39,47238,1250],{"class":53},[39,47240,518],{"class":517},[39,47242,47022],{"class":521},[39,47244,29409],{"class":517},[20,47246,47247,47248,47250,47251,117],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[195,47249,8698],{"href":8697}," and the ",[195,47252,47253,2009],{"href":7936},[15,47254,2665],{},[160,47256,718,47258,47260],{"id":47257},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47259,2585],{}," with floats",[20,47262,47263,47264,47266],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47265,2585],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47268,47269,47270,13763,47272,47274],{},"Important: ",[15,47271,2585],{},[382,47273,4340],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[30,47276,47278],{"className":32,"code":47277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47279,47280,47294,47309,47325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47281,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47283,137],{"class":136},[39,47285,124],{"class":53},[39,47287,1895],{"class":478},[39,47289,124],{"class":53},[39,47291,41699],{"class":57},[39,47293,486],{"class":53},[39,47295,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47307],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47297,137],{"class":136},[39,47299,124],{"class":53},[39,47301,1895],{"class":478},[39,47303,124],{"class":53},[39,47305,47306],{"class":57},"3.1",[39,47308,486],{"class":53},[39,47310,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47312,137],{"class":136},[39,47314,124],{"class":53},[39,47316,1895],{"class":478},[39,47318,124],{"class":53},[39,47320,1730],{"class":49},[39,47322,41699],{"class":57},[39,47324,486],{"class":53},[39,47326,47327,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47328,137],{"class":136},[39,47330,124],{"class":53},[39,47332,1895],{"class":478},[39,47334,124],{"class":53},[39,47336,1730],{"class":49},[39,47338,47306],{"class":57},[39,47340,486],{"class":53},[20,47342,353],{},[30,47344,47346],{"className":32,"code":47345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47347,47348,47352,47356,47362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47349,47350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47351,46333],{"class":57},[39,47353,47354],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47355,46333],{"class":57},[39,47357,47358,47360],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47359,1730],{"class":49},[39,47361,46333],{"class":57},[39,47363,47364,47366],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47365,1730],{"class":49},[39,47367,46333],{"class":57},[20,47369,47370],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[176,47372,47373,47380],{},[179,47374,47375,41870,47378],{},[15,47376,47377],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47379,307],{},[179,47381,47382,41870,47385],{},[15,47383,47384],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47386,47387],{},"-3",[20,47389,47390,47391,47395,47396,117],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[195,47392,47393],{"href":2588},[15,47394,2591],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[195,47397,47398],{"href":41890},[15,47399,47400],{},"str()",[160,47402,718,47404,47406],{"id":47403},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47405,2585],{}," with booleans",[20,47408,47409],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[30,47411,47413],{"className":32,"code":47412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47414,47415,47429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47416,47417,47419,47421,47423,47425,47427],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47418,137],{"class":136},[39,47420,124],{"class":53},[39,47422,1895],{"class":478},[39,47424,124],{"class":53},[39,47426,3308],{"class":3559},[39,47428,486],{"class":53},[39,47430,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47432,137],{"class":136},[39,47434,124],{"class":53},[39,47436,1895],{"class":478},[39,47438,124],{"class":53},[39,47440,3379],{"class":3559},[39,47442,486],{"class":53},[20,47444,353],{},[30,47446,47448],{"className":32,"code":47447,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n0\n",[15,47449,47450,47454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47451,47452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47453,46633],{"class":57},[39,47455,47456],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47457,46968],{"class":57},[20,47459,47460],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[30,47462,47464],{"className":32,"code":47463,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47465,47466,47475,47490,47494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47467,47468,47471,47473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47469,47470],{"class":45},"passed ",[39,47472,50],{"class":49},[39,47474,6136],{"class":3559},[39,47476,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485,47488],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47478,40897],{"class":45},[39,47480,50],{"class":49},[39,47482,44992],{"class":478},[39,47484,124],{"class":53},[39,47486,47487],{"class":120},"passed",[39,47489,130],{"class":53},[39,47491,47492],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47493,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,47495,47496,47498,47500,47502],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47497,137],{"class":136},[39,47499,124],{"class":53},[39,47501,40926],{"class":120},[39,47503,130],{"class":53},[20,47505,353],{},[30,47507,47508],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47509,47510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47511,47512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47513,46633],{"class":57},[20,47515,47516,47517,117],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[195,47518,47519,2009],{"href":5493},[15,47520,3519],{},[160,47522,47524],{"id":47523},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47526,47527,47528,47531],{},"Use the ",[15,47529,47530],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[988,47533,47535],{"id":47534},"binary-example","Binary example",[30,47537,47539],{"className":32,"code":47538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47540,47541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47542,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47544,137],{"class":136},[39,47546,124],{"class":53},[39,47548,1895],{"class":478},[39,47550,124],{"class":53},[39,47552,562],{"class":517},[39,47554,46308],{"class":521},[39,47556,562],{"class":517},[39,47558,61],{"class":53},[39,47560,64],{"class":57},[39,47562,486],{"class":53},[20,47564,353],{},[30,47566,47567],{"className":32,"code":2654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47568,47569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47570,47571],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47572,2654],{"class":57},[20,47574,47575,47578],{},[15,47576,47577],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[176,47580,47581,47586,47591],{},[179,47582,47583],{},[15,47584,47585],{},"1 × 4",[179,47587,47588],{},[15,47589,47590],{},"0 × 2",[179,47592,47593],{},[15,47594,47595],{},"1 × 1",[20,47597,47598,47599,117],{},"So the result is ",[15,47600,1843],{},[988,47602,47604],{"id":47603},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[30,47606,47608],{"className":32,"code":47607,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47609,47610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47611,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47613,137],{"class":136},[39,47615,124],{"class":53},[39,47617,1895],{"class":478},[39,47619,124],{"class":53},[39,47621,562],{"class":517},[39,47623,46733],{"class":521},[39,47625,562],{"class":517},[39,47627,61],{"class":53},[39,47629,13697],{"class":57},[39,47631,486],{"class":53},[20,47633,353],{},[30,47635,47636],{"className":32,"code":46762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47637,47638],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47639,47640],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47641,46762],{"class":57},[988,47643,47645],{"id":47644},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47647,22,47648,47650],{},[15,47649,47530],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47652,47653],{},"Good:",[30,47655,47656],{"className":32,"code":47538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47657,47658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47659,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47661,137],{"class":136},[39,47663,124],{"class":53},[39,47665,1895],{"class":478},[39,47667,124],{"class":53},[39,47669,562],{"class":517},[39,47671,46308],{"class":521},[39,47673,562],{"class":517},[39,47675,61],{"class":53},[39,47677,64],{"class":57},[39,47679,486],{"class":53},[20,47681,47682],{},"Not correct:",[30,47684,47686],{"className":32,"code":47685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47687,47688],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47689,47690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47691,47685],{"class":150},[20,47693,47694,47695,8319,47697,47699],{},"That causes a ",[15,47696,2711],{},[15,47698,47530],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[160,47701,47703],{"id":47702},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47705,47706,47707,47709,47710,4104,47712,117],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47708,2585],{}," are ",[15,47711,40418],{},[15,47713,2711],{},[988,47715,47716],{"id":41228},[15,47717,40418],{},[20,47719,47720],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47722,267],{},[30,47724,47726],{"className":32,"code":47725,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47727,47728,47734,47752,47764],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47729,47730,47732],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47731,29513],{"class":3584},[39,47733,6107],{"class":53},[39,47735,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47737,7785],{"class":136},[39,47739,124],{"class":53},[39,47741,1895],{"class":478},[39,47743,124],{"class":53},[39,47745,562],{"class":517},[39,47747,39857],{"class":521},[39,47749,562],{"class":517},[39,47751,486],{"class":53},[39,47753,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47755,29544],{"class":3584},[39,47757,41641],{"class":478},[39,47759,47074],{"class":3584},[39,47761,47077],{"class":45},[39,47763,6107],{"class":53},[39,47765,47766,47768,47770,47772],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47767,7785],{"class":136},[39,47769,124],{"class":53},[39,47771,47106],{"class":120},[39,47773,130],{"class":53},[20,47775,353],{},[30,47777,47779],{"className":32,"code":47778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47780,47781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47782,47783,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798,47800,47802,47804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47784,47785],{"class":45},"invalid literal ",[39,47787,5671],{"class":3584},[39,47789,44992],{"class":478},[39,47791,7079],{"class":53},[39,47793,47142],{"class":3584},[39,47795,47145],{"class":45},[39,47797,2037],{"class":57},[39,47799,1250],{"class":53},[39,47801,518],{"class":517},[39,47803,39857],{"class":521},[39,47805,29409],{"class":517},[20,47807,47808,47809,47812,47813,47815],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47810,47811],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47814,2585],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[30,47817,47819],{"className":32,"code":47818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47820,47821],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47822,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47824,137],{"class":136},[39,47826,124],{"class":53},[39,47828,1895],{"class":478},[39,47830,124],{"class":53},[39,47832,1899],{"class":478},[39,47834,124],{"class":53},[39,47836,562],{"class":517},[39,47838,39857],{"class":521},[39,47840,562],{"class":517},[39,47842,2619],{"class":53},[20,47844,353],{},[30,47846,47847],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47848,47849],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47850,47851],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47852,46333],{"class":57},[20,47854,47855,47856,4104,47859,117],{},"If you see this often, read ",[195,47857,47858],{"href":2669},"how to convert string to int in Python",[195,47860,25387,47861],{"href":45632},[15,47862,45633],{},[988,47864,47865],{"id":41294},[15,47866,2711],{},[20,47868,47869],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47871,267],{},[30,47873,47875],{"className":32,"code":47874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47876,47877,47883,47897,47910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47878,47879,47881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47880,29513],{"class":3584},[39,47882,6107],{"class":53},[39,47884,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47886,7785],{"class":136},[39,47888,124],{"class":53},[39,47890,1895],{"class":478},[39,47892,124],{"class":53},[39,47894,3484],{"class":3559},[39,47896,486],{"class":53},[39,47898,47899,47901,47904,47906,47908],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,47900,29544],{"class":3584},[39,47902,47903],{"class":478}," TypeError",[39,47905,47074],{"class":3584},[39,47907,47077],{"class":45},[39,47909,6107],{"class":53},[39,47911,47912,47914,47916,47918],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,47913,7785],{"class":136},[39,47915,124],{"class":53},[39,47917,47106],{"class":120},[39,47919,130],{"class":53},[20,47921,353],{},[30,47923,47925],{"className":32,"code":47924,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47926,47927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47928,47929,47931,47933,47936,47938,47940,47943,47945,47948,47950,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47930,1895],{"class":478},[39,47932,7079],{"class":53},[39,47934,47935],{"class":45}," argument must be a string",[39,47937,61],{"class":53},[39,47939,44260],{"class":45},[39,47941,47942],{"class":478},"bytes",[39,47944,1730],{"class":49},[39,47946,47947],{"class":45},"like ",[39,47949,42114],{"class":478},[39,47951,47952],{"class":49}," or",[39,47954,40554],{"class":45},[39,47956,61],{"class":53},[39,47958,7816],{"class":49},[39,47960,518],{"class":517},[39,47962,47963],{"class":521},"NoneType",[39,47965,29409],{"class":517},[20,47967,47968,47969,47971],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47970,47530],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[30,47973,47975],{"className":32,"code":47974,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47976,47977,47983,48001,48013],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47978,47979,47981],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47980,29513],{"class":3584},[39,47982,6107],{"class":53},[39,47984,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,47986,7785],{"class":136},[39,47988,124],{"class":53},[39,47990,1895],{"class":478},[39,47992,124],{"class":53},[39,47994,46308],{"class":57},[39,47996,61],{"class":53},[39,47998,64],{"class":57},[39,48000,486],{"class":53},[39,48002,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48004,29544],{"class":3584},[39,48006,47903],{"class":478},[39,48008,47074],{"class":3584},[39,48010,47077],{"class":45},[39,48012,6107],{"class":53},[39,48014,48015,48017,48019,48021],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48016,7785],{"class":136},[39,48018,124],{"class":53},[39,48020,47106],{"class":120},[39,48022,130],{"class":53},[20,48024,353],{},[30,48026,48028],{"className":32,"code":48027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48029,48030],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48031,48032,48034,48036,48039,48041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48033,1895],{"class":478},[39,48035,7079],{"class":53},[39,48037,48038],{"class":45}," can",[39,48040,524],{"class":517},[39,48042,48043],{"class":521},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[160,48045,4671,48047],{"id":48046},"when-to-use-int",[15,48048,2585],{},[20,48050,154,48051,48053],{},[15,48052,2585],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48055,48056],{},"Common uses:",[176,48058,48059,48065,48068,48071],{},[179,48060,48061,48062,48064],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48063,2665],{}," into integers",[179,48066,48067],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[179,48069,48070],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[179,48072,48073,48074,36329],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48075,47530],{},[20,48077,48078],{},"Example with user input:",[30,48080,48082],{"className":32,"code":48081,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48083,48084,48098,48113,48117],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48085,48086,48089,48091,48093,48096],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48087,48088],{"class":45},"age_text ",[39,48090,50],{"class":49},[39,48092,572],{"class":517},[39,48094,48095],{"class":521},"18",[39,48097,3062],{"class":517},[39,48099,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108,48111],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48101,21336],{"class":45},[39,48103,50],{"class":49},[39,48105,44992],{"class":478},[39,48107,124],{"class":53},[39,48109,48110],{"class":120},"age_text",[39,48112,130],{"class":53},[39,48114,48115],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48116,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48118,48119,48121,48123,48125,48127,48129],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48120,137],{"class":136},[39,48122,124],{"class":53},[39,48124,21336],{"class":120},[39,48126,1767],{"class":49},[39,48128,5210],{"class":57},[39,48130,130],{"class":53},[20,48132,353],{},[30,48134,48136],{"className":32,"code":48135,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"19\n",[15,48137,48138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48139,48140],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48141,48135],{"class":57},[160,48143,2537],{"id":2536},[20,48145,1247,48146,117],{},[15,48147,2585],{},[988,48149,48151],{"id":48150},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48153,48154],{},"This fails:",[30,48156,48158],{"className":32,"code":48157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48159,48160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48161,48162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48163,48157],{"class":150},[20,48165,48166,48167,48170],{},"Why: ",[15,48168,48169],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48172,18547],{},[30,48174,48176],{"className":32,"code":48175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48177,48178],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48179,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48181,137],{"class":136},[39,48183,124],{"class":53},[39,48185,1895],{"class":478},[39,48187,124],{"class":53},[39,48189,1899],{"class":478},[39,48191,124],{"class":53},[39,48193,562],{"class":517},[39,48195,40838],{"class":521},[39,48197,562],{"class":517},[39,48199,2619],{"class":53},[988,48201,48203],{"id":48202},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48205,48154],{},[30,48207,48209],{"className":32,"code":48208,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48210,48211],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48212,48213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48214,48208],{"class":150},[20,48216,48217],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[988,48219,48221,48222],{"id":48220},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48223,48224],{},"int(None)",[20,48226,48227,48228,48230],{},"This fails because ",[15,48229,3484],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[30,48232,48234],{"className":32,"code":48233,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48235,48236,48245,48249,48255,48269,48281],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48237,48238,48240,48242],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48239,2154],{"class":45},[39,48241,50],{"class":49},[39,48243,48244],{"class":3559}," None\n",[39,48246,48247],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48248,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48250,48251,48253],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48252,29513],{"class":3584},[39,48254,6107],{"class":53},[39,48256,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48258,7785],{"class":136},[39,48260,124],{"class":53},[39,48262,1895],{"class":478},[39,48264,124],{"class":53},[39,48266,2179],{"class":120},[39,48268,486],{"class":53},[39,48270,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,48272,29544],{"class":3584},[39,48274,47903],{"class":478},[39,48276,47074],{"class":3584},[39,48278,47077],{"class":45},[39,48280,6107],{"class":53},[39,48282,48283,48285,48287,48289],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,48284,7785],{"class":136},[39,48286,124],{"class":53},[39,48288,47106],{"class":120},[39,48290,130],{"class":53},[988,48292,48294],{"id":48293},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48296,48154],{},[30,48298,48299],{"className":32,"code":47685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48300,48301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48302,48303],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48304,47685],{"class":150},[20,48306,48307],{},"Use a string instead:",[30,48309,48310],{"className":32,"code":47538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48311,48312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48313,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48315,137],{"class":136},[39,48317,124],{"class":53},[39,48319,1895],{"class":478},[39,48321,124],{"class":53},[39,48323,562],{"class":517},[39,48325,46308],{"class":521},[39,48327,562],{"class":517},[39,48329,61],{"class":53},[39,48331,64],{"class":57},[39,48333,486],{"class":53},[988,48335,8170,48337,48339],{"id":48336},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48338,2585],{}," to round",[20,48341,48342],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[30,48344,48346],{"className":32,"code":48345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48347,48348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48349,48350,48352,48354,48356,48358,48361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48351,137],{"class":136},[39,48353,124],{"class":53},[39,48355,1895],{"class":478},[39,48357,124],{"class":53},[39,48359,48360],{"class":57},"4.9",[39,48362,486],{"class":53},[20,48364,353],{},[30,48366,48368],{"className":32,"code":48367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4\n",[15,48369,48370],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48371,48372],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48373,48367],{"class":57},[20,48375,2876,48376,48378,48379,48381],{},[15,48377,1843],{},", remember that ",[15,48380,2585],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[160,48383,1563],{"id":1562},[988,48385,1567,48387,48389],{"id":48386},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48388,2585],{}," round numbers?",[20,48391,46081,48392,48394],{},[15,48393,2585],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[988,48396,4869,48398,48401],{"id":48397},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48399,48400],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48403,28770,48404,48406,48407,48409,48410,39643],{},[15,48405,47811],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48408,2591],{}," first, then use ",[15,48411,2585],{},[988,48413,4853,48415,12428],{"id":48414},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48416,48417],{},"int(True)",[20,48419,4859,48420,28022,48422,41870,48424,117],{},[15,48421,58],{},[15,48423,3379],{},[15,48425,1826],{},[988,48427,48429],{"id":48428},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48431,48432],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[160,48434,1613],{"id":1612},[176,48436,48437,48443,48449,48455,48460,48464,48470],{},[179,48438,48439],{},[195,48440,48441,3213],{"href":2588},[15,48442,2591],{},[179,48444,48445],{},[195,48446,48447,3213],{"href":41890},[15,48448,47400],{},[179,48450,48451],{},[195,48452,48453,3213],{"href":5493},[15,48454,3519],{},[179,48456,48457],{},[195,48458,48459],{"href":2669},"How to convert string to int in Python",[179,48461,48462],{},[195,48463,8775],{"href":8697},[179,48465,48466],{},[195,48467,48468,3213],{"href":7936},[15,48469,2665],{},[179,48471,48472],{},[195,48473,30056,48474],{"href":45632},[15,48475,45633],{},[1642,48477,48478],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":48480},[48481,48482,48484,48488,48493,48495,48497,48502,48506,48508,48517,48526],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":46345,"depth":75,"text":48483},"What int() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":48485},[48486,48487],{"id":46536,"depth":99,"text":46539},{"id":46636,"depth":99,"text":46639},{"id":46772,"depth":75,"text":48489,"children":48490},"Using int() with strings",[48491,48492],{"id":46894,"depth":99,"text":46895},{"id":46982,"depth":99,"text":46983},{"id":47257,"depth":75,"text":48494},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47403,"depth":75,"text":48496},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47523,"depth":75,"text":47524,"children":48498},[48499,48500,48501],{"id":47534,"depth":99,"text":47535},{"id":47603,"depth":99,"text":47604},{"id":47644,"depth":99,"text":47645},{"id":47702,"depth":75,"text":47703,"children":48503},[48504,48505],{"id":41228,"depth":99,"text":40418},{"id":41294,"depth":99,"text":2711},{"id":48046,"depth":75,"text":48507},"When to use int()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":48509},[48510,48511,48512,48514,48515],{"id":48150,"depth":99,"text":48151},{"id":48202,"depth":99,"text":48203},{"id":48220,"depth":99,"text":48513},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48293,"depth":99,"text":48294},{"id":48336,"depth":99,"text":48516},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":48518},[48519,48521,48523,48525],{"id":48386,"depth":99,"text":48520},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48397,"depth":99,"text":48522},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48414,"depth":99,"text":48524},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48428,"depth":99,"text":48429},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41811,"description":48527},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48534,"title":48535,"body":48536,"description":50372,"extension":1670,"meta":50373,"navigation":102,"path":44518,"seo":50374,"stem":50375,"__hash__":50376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48537,"toc":50328},[48538,48543,48548,48556,48565,48567,48626,48632,48637,48642,48645,48673,48676,48679,48690,48700,48702,48704,48724,48728,48756,48758,48797,48799,48807,48809,48812,48816,48869,48871,48883,48887,48944,48946,48958,48964,48970,48974,48977,48980,49046,49048,49060,49066,49068,49120,49123,49164,49167,49174,49183,49189,49192,49225,49231,49234,49265,49271,49274,49286,49290,49295,49299,49457,49459,49474,49477,49481,49585,49587,49604,49608,49669,49671,49679,49682,49686,49753,49755,49764,49770,49772,49781,49783,49818,49823,49825,49855,49859,49861,49898,49901,49903,49940,49946,49948,49998,50000,50008,50018,50024,50028,50033,50082,50084,50097,50100,50102,50105,50180,50183,50202,50205,50235,50245,50247,50252,50259,50265,50271,50278,50286,50292,50295,50297,50325],[10,48539,13,48541,3283],{"id":48540},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48542,44521],{},[20,48544,48545,48547],{},[15,48546,44521],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48549,48550,48551,1292,48553,48555],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48552,3308],{},[15,48554,3379],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48557,48558,48559,48561,48562,48564],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48560,44521],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48563,2008],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[160,48566,3313],{"id":3312},[30,48568,48570],{"className":32,"code":48569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48571,48572,48580,48584,48605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48573,48574,48576,48578],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48575,2154],{"class":45},[39,48577,50],{"class":49},[39,48579,2293],{"class":57},[39,48581,48582],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48583,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48585,48586,48588,48590,48593,48595,48597,48599,48601,48603],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48587,137],{"class":136},[39,48589,124],{"class":53},[39,48591,48592],{"class":136},"isinstance",[39,48594,124],{"class":53},[39,48596,2179],{"class":120},[39,48598,61],{"class":53},[39,48600,44992],{"class":478},[39,48602,5073],{"class":53},[39,48604,43570],{"class":150},[39,48606,48607,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617,48619,48622,48624],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48608,137],{"class":136},[39,48610,124],{"class":53},[39,48612,48592],{"class":136},[39,48614,124],{"class":53},[39,48616,2179],{"class":120},[39,48618,61],{"class":53},[39,48620,48621],{"class":478}," str",[39,48623,5073],{"class":53},[39,48625,43587],{"class":150},[20,48627,154,48628,48631],{},[15,48629,48630],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[160,48633,3383,48635,3386],{"id":48634},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48636,44521],{},[20,48638,48639,48641],{},[15,48640,44521],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48643,48644],{},"It:",[176,48646,48647,48650,48656,48659],{},[179,48648,48649],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[179,48651,11137,48652,1292,48654],{},[15,48653,3308],{},[15,48655,3379],{},[179,48657,48658],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[179,48660,48661,48662,1896,48664,1896,48666,1896,48668,16781,48671],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48663,3147],{},[15,48665,1895],{},[15,48667,7810],{},[15,48669,48670],{},"tuple",[15,48672,8538],{},[20,48674,48675],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48677,48678],{},"For example, you might want to:",[176,48680,48681,48684,48687],{},[179,48682,48683],{},"loop through a list",[179,48685,48686],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[179,48688,48689],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48691,48692,48693,1292,48696,117],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[195,48694,44513],{"href":48695},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[195,48697,48699],{"href":48698},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[160,48701,202],{"id":201},[20,48703,1866],{},[30,48705,48707],{"className":32,"code":48706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48708,48709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48710,48711,48713,48715,48717,48719,48722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48712,48592],{"class":136},[39,48714,124],{"class":53},[39,48716,42114],{"class":478},[39,48718,61],{"class":53},[39,48720,48721],{"class":120}," classinfo",[39,48723,130],{"class":53},[988,48725,48727],{"id":48726},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[176,48729,48730,48735,48749],{},[179,48731,48732,48734],{},[15,48733,42114],{}," is the value you want to test",[179,48736,48737,48740,48741,1896,48743,1896,48745,1900,48747],{},[15,48738,48739],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48742,1895],{},[15,48744,3147],{},[15,48746,7810],{},[15,48748,8538],{},[179,48750,48751,48752,1292,48754],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48753,3308],{},[15,48755,3379],{},[20,48757,267],{},[30,48759,48761],{"className":32,"code":48760,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48762,48763,48775,48779],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48764,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48766,7592],{"class":45},[39,48768,50],{"class":49},[39,48770,572],{"class":517},[39,48772,11221],{"class":521},[39,48774,3062],{"class":517},[39,48776,48777],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48778,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48780,48781,48783,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48782,137],{"class":136},[39,48784,124],{"class":53},[39,48786,48592],{"class":136},[39,48788,124],{"class":53},[39,48790,7382],{"class":120},[39,48792,61],{"class":53},[39,48794,48621],{"class":478},[39,48796,486],{"class":53},[20,48798,353],{},[30,48800,48801],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48802,48803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48804,48805],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48806,3689],{"class":3559},[160,48808,542],{"id":541},[20,48810,48811],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[988,48813,48815],{"id":48814},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[30,48817,48819],{"className":32,"code":48818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48820,48821,48829,48833,48851],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48822,48823,48825,48827],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48824,2154],{"class":45},[39,48826,50],{"class":49},[39,48828,44941],{"class":57},[39,48830,48831],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48832,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48834,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843,48845,48847,48849],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48836,137],{"class":136},[39,48838,124],{"class":53},[39,48840,48592],{"class":136},[39,48842,124],{"class":53},[39,48844,2179],{"class":120},[39,48846,61],{"class":53},[39,48848,44992],{"class":478},[39,48850,486],{"class":53},[39,48852,48853,48855,48857,48859,48861,48863,48865,48867],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48854,137],{"class":136},[39,48856,124],{"class":53},[39,48858,48592],{"class":136},[39,48860,124],{"class":53},[39,48862,2179],{"class":120},[39,48864,61],{"class":53},[39,48866,48621],{"class":478},[39,48868,486],{"class":53},[20,48870,353],{},[30,48872,48873],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48874,48875,48879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48876,48877],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48878,3689],{"class":3559},[39,48880,48881],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48882,3750],{"class":3559},[988,48884,48886],{"id":48885},"check-text","Check text",[30,48888,48890],{"className":32,"code":48889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48891,48892,48904,48908,48926],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48893,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48895,34398],{"class":45},[39,48897,50],{"class":49},[39,48899,572],{"class":517},[39,48901,3552],{"class":521},[39,48903,3062],{"class":517},[39,48905,48906],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48907,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48909,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,48911,137],{"class":136},[39,48913,124],{"class":53},[39,48915,48592],{"class":136},[39,48917,124],{"class":53},[39,48919,34419],{"class":120},[39,48921,61],{"class":53},[39,48923,48621],{"class":478},[39,48925,486],{"class":53},[39,48927,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,48929,137],{"class":136},[39,48931,124],{"class":53},[39,48933,48592],{"class":136},[39,48935,124],{"class":53},[39,48937,34419],{"class":120},[39,48939,61],{"class":53},[39,48941,44992],{"class":478},[39,48943,486],{"class":53},[20,48945,353],{},[30,48947,48948],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48949,48950,48954],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48951,48952],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48953,3689],{"class":3559},[39,48955,48956],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48957,3750],{"class":3559},[20,48959,48960,48961,48963],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48962,44521],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48965,48966,48967,117],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[195,48968,48969],{"href":2669},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[160,48971,48973],{"id":48972},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48975,48976],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48978,48979],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[30,48981,48983],{"className":32,"code":48982,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48984,48985,48994,48998,49022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48986,48987,48989,48991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48988,2154],{"class":45},[39,48990,50],{"class":49},[39,48992,48993],{"class":57}," 3.5\n",[39,48995,48996],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,48997,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,48999,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010,49012,49014,49016,49018,49020],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49001,137],{"class":136},[39,49003,124],{"class":53},[39,49005,48592],{"class":136},[39,49007,124],{"class":53},[39,49009,2179],{"class":120},[39,49011,61],{"class":53},[39,49013,933],{"class":53},[39,49015,1895],{"class":478},[39,49017,61],{"class":53},[39,49019,39969],{"class":478},[39,49021,2619],{"class":53},[39,49023,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49025,137],{"class":136},[39,49027,124],{"class":53},[39,49029,48592],{"class":136},[39,49031,124],{"class":53},[39,49033,2179],{"class":120},[39,49035,61],{"class":53},[39,49037,933],{"class":53},[39,49039,3147],{"class":478},[39,49041,61],{"class":53},[39,49043,22266],{"class":478},[39,49045,2619],{"class":53},[20,49047,353],{},[30,49049,49050],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49051,49052,49056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49053,49054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49055,3689],{"class":3559},[39,49057,49058],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49059,3750],{"class":3559},[20,49061,49062,49063,49065],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49064,40551],{}," conditions.",[20,49067,8015],{},[30,49069,49071],{"className":32,"code":49070,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49072,49073,49081,49085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49074,49075,49077,49079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49076,2154],{"class":45},[39,49078,50],{"class":49},[39,49080,48993],{"class":57},[39,49082,49083],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49084,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49086,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49108,49110,49112,49114,49116,49118],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49088,137],{"class":136},[39,49090,124],{"class":53},[39,49092,479],{"class":478},[39,49094,124],{"class":53},[39,49096,2179],{"class":120},[39,49098,3366],{"class":53},[39,49100,6122],{"class":49},[39,49102,44992],{"class":478},[39,49104,47952],{"class":3584},[39,49106,49107],{"class":478}," type",[39,49109,124],{"class":53},[39,49111,2179],{"class":120},[39,49113,3366],{"class":53},[39,49115,6122],{"class":49},[39,49117,39969],{"class":478},[39,49119,130],{"class":53},[20,49121,49122],{},"you can write this:",[30,49124,49126],{"className":32,"code":49125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49127,49128,49136,49140],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49129,49130,49132,49134],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49131,2154],{"class":45},[39,49133,50],{"class":49},[39,49135,48993],{"class":57},[39,49137,49138],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49139,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49141,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160,49162],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49143,137],{"class":136},[39,49145,124],{"class":53},[39,49147,48592],{"class":136},[39,49149,124],{"class":53},[39,49151,2179],{"class":120},[39,49153,61],{"class":53},[39,49155,933],{"class":53},[39,49157,1895],{"class":478},[39,49159,61],{"class":53},[39,49161,39969],{"class":478},[39,49163,2619],{"class":53},[20,49165,49166],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[160,49168,49170,980,49172],{"id":49169},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49171,44521],{},[15,49173,2008],{},[20,49175,10304,49176,4104,49178,49182],{},[15,49177,44521],{},[195,49179,49180],{"href":2005},[15,49181,2008],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[988,49184,49186],{"id":49185},"typevalue-int",[15,49187,49188],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49190,49191],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[30,49193,49195],{"className":32,"code":49194,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49196,49197,49205],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49198,49199,49201,49203],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49200,2154],{"class":45},[39,49202,50],{"class":49},[39,49204,2293],{"class":57},[39,49206,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49208,137],{"class":136},[39,49210,124],{"class":53},[39,49212,479],{"class":478},[39,49214,124],{"class":53},[39,49216,2179],{"class":120},[39,49218,3366],{"class":53},[39,49220,6122],{"class":49},[39,49222,44992],{"class":478},[39,49224,130],{"class":53},[988,49226,49228],{"id":49227},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49229,49230],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49232,49233],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[30,49235,49237],{"className":32,"code":49236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49238,49239,49247],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49240,49241,49243,49245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49242,2154],{"class":45},[39,49244,50],{"class":49},[39,49246,2293],{"class":57},[39,49248,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49250,137],{"class":136},[39,49252,124],{"class":53},[39,49254,48592],{"class":136},[39,49256,124],{"class":53},[39,49258,2179],{"class":120},[39,49260,61],{"class":53},[39,49262,44992],{"class":478},[39,49264,486],{"class":53},[20,49266,49267,49268,49270],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49269,44521],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49272,49273],{},"In everyday code:",[176,49275,49276,49281],{},[179,49277,39704,49278,49280],{},[15,49279,2008],{}," when you need the exact type",[179,49282,39704,49283,49285],{},[15,49284,44521],{}," when you want a practical type check",[160,49287,49289],{"id":49288},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49291,49292,49293,117],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49294,44521],{},[988,49296,49298],{"id":49297},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[30,49300,49302],{"className":32,"code":49301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49303,49304,49322,49341,49353,49358,49376,49387,49391,49403,49407,49431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49305,49306,49308,49311,49313,49315,49317,49320],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49307,34562],{"class":513},[39,49309,49310],{"class":34565}," repeat_text",[39,49312,124],{"class":53},[39,49314,34419],{"class":37375},[39,49316,61],{"class":53},[39,49318,49319],{"class":37375}," count",[39,49321,8059],{"class":53},[39,49323,49324,49326,49328,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49325,6112],{"class":3584},[39,49327,7816],{"class":49},[39,49329,49330],{"class":136}," isinstance",[39,49332,124],{"class":53},[39,49334,34419],{"class":120},[39,49336,61],{"class":53},[39,49338,48621],{"class":478},[39,49340,8059],{"class":53},[39,49342,49343,49346,49348,49351],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49344,49345],{"class":3584},"        return",[39,49347,572],{"class":517},[39,49349,49350],{"class":521},"text must be a string",[39,49352,3062],{"class":517},[39,49354,49355],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49356,49357],{"class":45},"    \n",[39,49359,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,49361,6112],{"class":3584},[39,49363,7816],{"class":49},[39,49365,49330],{"class":136},[39,49367,124],{"class":53},[39,49369,40974],{"class":120},[39,49371,61],{"class":53},[39,49373,44992],{"class":478},[39,49375,8059],{"class":53},[39,49377,49378,49380,49382,49385],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,49379,49345],{"class":3584},[39,49381,572],{"class":517},[39,49383,49384],{"class":521},"count must be an integer",[39,49386,3062],{"class":517},[39,49388,49389],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,49390,49357],{"class":45},[39,49392,49393,49395,49398,49400],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,49394,34573],{"class":3584},[39,49396,49397],{"class":45}," text ",[39,49399,39586],{"class":49},[39,49401,49402],{"class":45}," count\n",[39,49404,49405],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,49406,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49408,49409,49411,49413,49416,49418,49420,49423,49425,49427,49429],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,49410,137],{"class":136},[39,49412,124],{"class":53},[39,49414,49415],{"class":120},"repeat_text",[39,49417,124],{"class":53},[39,49419,562],{"class":517},[39,49421,49422],{"class":521},"Hi ",[39,49424,562],{"class":517},[39,49426,61],{"class":53},[39,49428,69],{"class":57},[39,49430,486],{"class":53},[39,49432,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455],{"class":41,"line":11307},[39,49434,137],{"class":136},[39,49436,124],{"class":53},[39,49438,49415],{"class":120},[39,49440,124],{"class":53},[39,49442,562],{"class":517},[39,49444,49422],{"class":521},[39,49446,562],{"class":517},[39,49448,61],{"class":53},[39,49450,572],{"class":517},[39,49452,307],{"class":521},[39,49454,562],{"class":517},[39,49456,486],{"class":53},[20,49458,353],{},[30,49460,49462],{"className":32,"code":49461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49463,49464,49469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49465,49466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49467,49468],{"class":45},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[39,49470,49471],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49472,49473],{"class":45},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49475,49476],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[988,49478,49480],{"id":49479},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[30,49482,49484],{"className":32,"code":49483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49485,49486,49518,49522,49538,49553,49570],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49487,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49489,2154],{"class":45},[39,49491,50],{"class":49},[39,49493,3327],{"class":53},[39,49495,562],{"class":517},[39,49497,195],{"class":521},[39,49499,562],{"class":517},[39,49501,61],{"class":53},[39,49503,572],{"class":517},[39,49505,127],{"class":521},[39,49507,562],{"class":517},[39,49509,61],{"class":53},[39,49511,572],{"class":517},[39,49513,9454],{"class":521},[39,49515,562],{"class":517},[39,49517,3340],{"class":53},[39,49519,49520],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49521,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49523,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49525,6710],{"class":3584},[39,49527,49330],{"class":136},[39,49529,124],{"class":53},[39,49531,2179],{"class":120},[39,49533,61],{"class":53},[39,49535,48621],{"class":478},[39,49537,8059],{"class":53},[39,49539,49540,49542,49544,49546,49549,49551],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49541,7785],{"class":136},[39,49543,124],{"class":53},[39,49545,562],{"class":517},[39,49547,49548],{"class":521},"This is text",[39,49550,562],{"class":517},[39,49552,130],{"class":53},[39,49554,49555,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,49556,49557],{"class":3584},"elif",[39,49559,49330],{"class":136},[39,49561,124],{"class":53},[39,49563,2179],{"class":120},[39,49565,61],{"class":53},[39,49567,22266],{"class":478},[39,49569,8059],{"class":53},[39,49571,49572,49574,49576,49578,49581,49583],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,49573,7785],{"class":136},[39,49575,124],{"class":53},[39,49577,562],{"class":517},[39,49579,49580],{"class":521},"This is a list",[39,49582,562],{"class":517},[39,49584,130],{"class":53},[20,49586,353],{},[30,49588,49590],{"className":32,"code":49589,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This is a list\n",[15,49591,49592],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49593,49594,49597,49599,49601],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49595,49596],{"class":45},"This ",[39,49598,11906],{"class":49},[39,49600,44260],{"class":45},[39,49602,49603],{"class":478},"list\n",[988,49605,49607],{"id":49606},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[30,49609,49611],{"className":32,"code":49610,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49612,49613,49625,49629,49645,49659],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49614,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49616,2154],{"class":45},[39,49618,50],{"class":49},[39,49620,572],{"class":517},[39,49622,46242],{"class":521},[39,49624,3062],{"class":517},[39,49626,49627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49628,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49630,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639,49641,49643],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49632,6710],{"class":3584},[39,49634,49330],{"class":136},[39,49636,124],{"class":53},[39,49638,2179],{"class":120},[39,49640,61],{"class":53},[39,49642,48621],{"class":478},[39,49644,8059],{"class":53},[39,49646,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49648,41605],{"class":45},[39,49650,50],{"class":49},[39,49652,44992],{"class":478},[39,49654,124],{"class":53},[39,49656,2179],{"class":120},[39,49658,130],{"class":53},[39,49660,49661,49663,49665,49667],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,49662,7785],{"class":136},[39,49664,124],{"class":53},[39,49666,1946],{"class":120},[39,49668,130],{"class":53},[20,49670,353],{},[30,49672,49673],{"className":32,"code":46328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49674,49675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49676,49677],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49678,46328],{"class":57},[20,49680,49681],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[988,49683,49685],{"id":49684},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[30,49687,49689],{"className":32,"code":49688,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49690,49691,49715,49719,49735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49692,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49694,2154],{"class":45},[39,49696,50],{"class":49},[39,49698,54],{"class":53},[39,49700,562],{"class":517},[39,49702,7382],{"class":521},[39,49704,562],{"class":517},[39,49706,1250],{"class":53},[39,49708,572],{"class":517},[39,49710,12593],{"class":521},[39,49712,562],{"class":517},[39,49714,72],{"class":53},[39,49716,49717],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49718,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49720,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49722,6710],{"class":3584},[39,49724,49330],{"class":136},[39,49726,124],{"class":53},[39,49728,2179],{"class":120},[39,49730,61],{"class":53},[39,49732,8888],{"class":478},[39,49734,8059],{"class":53},[39,49736,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49738,7785],{"class":136},[39,49740,124],{"class":53},[39,49742,2179],{"class":120},[39,49744,3609],{"class":53},[39,49746,562],{"class":517},[39,49748,7382],{"class":521},[39,49750,562],{"class":517},[39,49752,3597],{"class":53},[20,49754,353],{},[30,49756,49758],{"className":32,"code":49757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\n",[15,49759,49760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49761,49762],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49763,49757],{"class":45},[20,49765,49766,49767,49769],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49768,2711],{}," messages later.",[160,49771,1244],{"id":1243},[988,49773,49775,49776,10806,49779],{"id":49774},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49777,49778],{},"\"int\"",[15,49780,1895],{},[20,49782,16353],{},[30,49784,49786],{"className":32,"code":49785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49787,49788,49796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49789,49790,49792,49794],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49791,2154],{"class":45},[39,49793,50],{"class":49},[39,49795,2293],{"class":57},[39,49797,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49799,137],{"class":136},[39,49801,124],{"class":53},[39,49803,48592],{"class":136},[39,49805,124],{"class":53},[39,49807,2179],{"class":120},[39,49809,61],{"class":53},[39,49811,572],{"class":517},[39,49813,1895],{"class":521},[39,49815,562],{"class":517},[39,49817,486],{"class":53},[20,49819,49820,49822],{},[15,49821,49778],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49824,16365],{},[30,49826,49827],{"className":32,"code":49236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49828,49829,49837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49830,49831,49833,49835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49832,2154],{"class":45},[39,49834,50],{"class":49},[39,49836,2293],{"class":57},[39,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49840,137],{"class":136},[39,49842,124],{"class":53},[39,49844,48592],{"class":136},[39,49846,124],{"class":53},[39,49848,2179],{"class":120},[39,49850,61],{"class":53},[39,49852,44992],{"class":478},[39,49854,486],{"class":53},[988,49856,49858],{"id":49857},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49860,16353],{},[30,49862,49864],{"className":32,"code":49863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49865,49866,49874],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49867,49868,49870,49872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49869,2154],{"class":45},[39,49871,50],{"class":49},[39,49873,34553],{"class":57},[39,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49877,137],{"class":136},[39,49879,124],{"class":53},[39,49881,48592],{"class":136},[39,49883,124],{"class":53},[39,49885,2179],{"class":120},[39,49887,61],{"class":53},[39,49889,3327],{"class":53},[39,49891,1895],{"class":478},[39,49893,61],{"class":53},[39,49895,39969],{"class":478},[39,49897,2705],{"class":53},[20,49899,49900],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49902,16365],{},[30,49904,49906],{"className":32,"code":49905,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49907,49908,49916],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49909,49910,49912,49914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49911,2154],{"class":45},[39,49913,50],{"class":49},[39,49915,34553],{"class":57},[39,49917,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49919,137],{"class":136},[39,49921,124],{"class":53},[39,49923,48592],{"class":136},[39,49925,124],{"class":53},[39,49927,2179],{"class":120},[39,49929,61],{"class":53},[39,49931,933],{"class":53},[39,49933,1895],{"class":478},[39,49935,61],{"class":53},[39,49937,39969],{"class":478},[39,49939,2619],{"class":53},[988,49941,25482,49943,49945],{"id":49942},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49944,44521],{}," converts a value",[20,49947,18620],{},[30,49949,49951],{"className":32,"code":49950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49952,49953,49966,49984,49988],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49954,49955,49957,49959,49961,49964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49956,2154],{"class":45},[39,49958,50],{"class":49},[39,49960,572],{"class":517},[39,49962,49963],{"class":521},"123",[39,49965,3062],{"class":517},[39,49967,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,49969,109],{"class":45},[39,49971,50],{"class":49},[39,49973,49330],{"class":136},[39,49975,124],{"class":53},[39,49977,2179],{"class":120},[39,49979,61],{"class":53},[39,49981,44992],{"class":478},[39,49983,130],{"class":53},[39,49985,49986],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,49987,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,49989,49990,49992,49994,49996],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,49991,137],{"class":136},[39,49993,124],{"class":53},[39,49995,142],{"class":120},[39,49997,130],{"class":53},[20,49999,353],{},[30,50001,50002],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,50003,50004],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50005,50006],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50007,3750],{"class":3559},[20,50009,50010,50011,50014,50015,50017],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50012,50013],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50016,49963],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50019,50020,50021,6343],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50022,50023],{},"int(value)",[988,50025,50027],{"id":50026},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50029,50030,50032],{},[15,50031,44521],{}," does not modify anything.",[30,50034,50036],{"className":32,"code":50035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50037,50038,50050,50054,50072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50039,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50041,2154],{"class":45},[39,50043,50],{"class":49},[39,50045,572],{"class":517},[39,50047,13267],{"class":521},[39,50049,3062],{"class":517},[39,50051,50052],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50053,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,50055,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50057,137],{"class":136},[39,50059,124],{"class":53},[39,50061,48592],{"class":136},[39,50063,124],{"class":53},[39,50065,2179],{"class":120},[39,50067,61],{"class":53},[39,50069,48621],{"class":478},[39,50071,486],{"class":53},[39,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,50075,137],{"class":136},[39,50077,124],{"class":53},[39,50079,2179],{"class":120},[39,50081,130],{"class":53},[20,50083,353],{},[30,50085,50087],{"className":32,"code":50086,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n100\n",[15,50088,50089,50093],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50090,50091],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50092,3689],{"class":3559},[39,50094,50095],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50096,46979],{"class":57},[20,50098,50099],{},"The value stays the same.",[160,50101,25650],{"id":25649},[20,50103,50104],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[30,50106,50108],{"className":32,"code":50107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50109,50110,50124,50142,50166],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50111,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50113,137],{"class":136},[39,50115,124],{"class":53},[39,50117,479],{"class":478},[39,50119,124],{"class":53},[39,50121,2179],{"class":120},[39,50123,486],{"class":53},[39,50125,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50127,137],{"class":136},[39,50129,124],{"class":53},[39,50131,48592],{"class":136},[39,50133,124],{"class":53},[39,50135,2179],{"class":120},[39,50137,61],{"class":53},[39,50139,44992],{"class":478},[39,50141,486],{"class":53},[39,50143,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50145,137],{"class":136},[39,50147,124],{"class":53},[39,50149,48592],{"class":136},[39,50151,124],{"class":53},[39,50153,2179],{"class":120},[39,50155,61],{"class":53},[39,50157,933],{"class":53},[39,50159,1895],{"class":478},[39,50161,61],{"class":53},[39,50163,39969],{"class":478},[39,50165,2619],{"class":53},[39,50167,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,50169,137],{"class":136},[39,50171,124],{"class":53},[39,50173,41494],{"class":136},[39,50175,124],{"class":53},[39,50177,2179],{"class":120},[39,50179,486],{"class":53},[20,50181,50182],{},"These can help when:",[176,50184,50185,50188,50193,50196],{},[179,50186,50187],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[179,50189,50190,50191],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50192,2711],{},[179,50194,50195],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[179,50197,50198,50199,50201],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50200,44521],{}," is invalid",[20,50203,50204],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[176,50206,50207,50221,50227,50232],{},[179,50208,50209,50210,1292,50213,50216,50217,1292,50219],{},"using ",[15,50211,50212],{},"'int'",[15,50214,50215],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50218,1895],{},[15,50220,3147],{},[179,50222,50223,50224,50226],{},"expecting ",[15,50225,44521],{}," to convert a value",[179,50228,50209,50229,50231],{},[15,50230,2008],{}," when inherited types should also match",[179,50233,50234],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50236,50237,50238,117],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[195,50239,50241,50242],{"href":50240},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50243,50244],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[160,50246,1563],{"id":1562},[988,50248,4853,50250,4856],{"id":50249},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50251,44521],{},[20,50253,4859,50254,50256,50257,117],{},[15,50255,3308],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50258,3379],{},[988,50260,1577,50262,50264],{"id":50261},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50263,44521],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50266,50267,50268,117],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50269,50270],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[988,50272,4890,50274,4104,50276,2199],{"id":50273},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50275,44521],{},[15,50277,2008],{},[20,50279,50280,50282,50283,50285],{},[15,50281,2008],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50284,44521],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[988,50287,1567,50289,50291],{"id":50288},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50290,44521],{}," convert a value?",[20,50293,50294],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[160,50296,1613],{"id":1612},[176,50298,50299,50305,50309,50314,50319],{},[179,50300,50301],{},[195,50302,13,50303,3213],{"href":2005},[15,50304,2008],{},[179,50306,50307],{},[195,50308,44513],{"href":48695},[179,50310,50311],{},[195,50312,50313],{"href":2669},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[179,50315,50316],{},[195,50317,50318],{"href":48698},"What is a data type in Python?",[179,50320,50321],{},[195,50322,50241,50323],{"href":50240},[15,50324,50244],{},[1642,50326,50327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":50329},[50330,50331,50333,50336,50340,50341,50346,50352,50360,50361,50371],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":48634,"depth":75,"text":50332},"What isinstance() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":50334},[50335],{"id":48726,"depth":99,"text":48727},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542,"children":50337},[50338,50339],{"id":48814,"depth":99,"text":48815},{"id":48885,"depth":99,"text":48886},{"id":48972,"depth":75,"text":48973},{"id":49169,"depth":75,"text":50342,"children":50343},"isinstance() vs type()",[50344,50345],{"id":49185,"depth":99,"text":49188},{"id":49227,"depth":99,"text":49230},{"id":49288,"depth":75,"text":49289,"children":50347},[50348,50349,50350,50351],{"id":49297,"depth":99,"text":49298},{"id":49479,"depth":99,"text":49480},{"id":49606,"depth":99,"text":49607},{"id":49684,"depth":99,"text":49685},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":50353},[50354,50356,50357,50359],{"id":49774,"depth":99,"text":50355},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49857,"depth":99,"text":49858},{"id":49942,"depth":99,"text":50358},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50026,"depth":99,"text":50027},{"id":25649,"depth":75,"text":25650},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":50362},[50363,50365,50367,50369],{"id":50249,"depth":99,"text":50364},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50261,"depth":99,"text":50366},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50273,"depth":99,"text":50368},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50288,"depth":99,"text":50370},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48535,"description":50372},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50378,"title":50379,"body":50380,"description":52353,"extension":1670,"meta":52354,"navigation":102,"path":52355,"seo":52356,"stem":52357,"__hash__":52358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50381,"toc":52328},[50382,50385,50390,50395,50409,50412,50414,50489,50494,50498,50503,50506,50520,50522,50688,50701,50703,50705,50720,50723,50726,50739,50741,50839,50843,50849,50852,50861,50863,50898,50903,50924,50929,50934,50966,50969,51026,51030,51036,51039,51092,51094,51134,51137,51205,51208,51259,51266,51270,51276,51361,51367,51373,51422,51425,51428,51478,51480,51485,51489,51539,51543,51590,51594,51671,51675,51740,51743,51747,51752,51757,51769,51771,51790,51796,51799,51818,51823,51850,51857,51861,51867,51870,51965,51968,51971,52020,52025,52027,52031,52066,52069,52126,52136,52139,52173,52176,52178,52182,52185,52189,52192,52196,52199,52203,52216,52220,52225,52227,52277,52289,52291,52325],[10,50383,50379],{"id":50384},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50386,8840,50387,50389],{},[15,50388,42076],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50391,35117,50392,50394],{},[15,50393,42076],{}," to count:",[176,50396,50397,50400,50403,50406],{},[179,50398,50399],{},"characters in a string",[179,50401,50402],{},"items in a list or tuple",[179,50404,50405],{},"keys in a dictionary",[179,50407,50408],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50410,50411],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[160,50413,1711],{"id":1710},[30,50415,50417],{"className":32,"code":50416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50418,50419,50431,50451,50455,50472],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50420,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50422,34398],{"class":45},[39,50424,50],{"class":49},[39,50426,572],{"class":517},[39,50428,3552],{"class":521},[39,50430,3062],{"class":517},[39,50432,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50434,7494],{"class":45},[39,50436,50],{"class":49},[39,50438,3327],{"class":53},[39,50440,2037],{"class":57},[39,50442,61],{"class":53},[39,50444,7505],{"class":57},[39,50446,61],{"class":53},[39,50448,7510],{"class":57},[39,50450,3340],{"class":53},[39,50452,50453],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50454,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,50456,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,50458,137],{"class":136},[39,50460,124],{"class":53},[39,50462,1361],{"class":136},[39,50464,124],{"class":53},[39,50466,34419],{"class":120},[39,50468,5073],{"class":53},[39,50470,50471],{"class":150},"   # 5\n",[39,50473,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,50475,137],{"class":136},[39,50477,124],{"class":53},[39,50479,1361],{"class":136},[39,50481,124],{"class":53},[39,50483,7525],{"class":120},[39,50485,5073],{"class":53},[39,50487,50488],{"class":150},"  # 3\n",[20,50490,154,50491,50493],{},[15,50492,42076],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[160,50495,50497],{"id":50496},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50499,50500,50502],{},[15,50501,42076],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50504,50505],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[176,50507,50508,50511,50514,50517],{},[179,50509,50510],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[179,50512,50513],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[179,50515,50516],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[179,50518,50519],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50521,267],{},[30,50523,50525],{"className":32,"code":50524,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50526,50527,50539,50564,50596,50616,50620,50637,50654,50671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50528,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50530,7592],{"class":45},[39,50532,50],{"class":49},[39,50534,572],{"class":517},[39,50536,7391],{"class":521},[39,50538,3062],{"class":517},[39,50540,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559,50562],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50542,1379],{"class":45},[39,50544,50],{"class":49},[39,50546,3327],{"class":53},[39,50548,2037],{"class":57},[39,50550,61],{"class":53},[39,50552,7505],{"class":57},[39,50554,61],{"class":53},[39,50556,7510],{"class":57},[39,50558,61],{"class":53},[39,50560,50561],{"class":57}," 40",[39,50563,3340],{"class":53},[39,50565,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50567,8883],{"class":45},[39,50569,50],{"class":49},[39,50571,54],{"class":53},[39,50573,562],{"class":517},[39,50575,195],{"class":521},[39,50577,562],{"class":517},[39,50579,1250],{"class":53},[39,50581,5210],{"class":57},[39,50583,61],{"class":53},[39,50585,572],{"class":517},[39,50587,127],{"class":521},[39,50589,562],{"class":517},[39,50591,1250],{"class":53},[39,50593,64],{"class":57},[39,50595,72],{"class":53},[39,50597,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,50599,3529],{"class":45},[39,50601,50],{"class":49},[39,50603,54],{"class":53},[39,50605,1843],{"class":57},[39,50607,61],{"class":53},[39,50609,806],{"class":57},[39,50611,61],{"class":53},[39,50613,5707],{"class":57},[39,50615,72],{"class":53},[39,50617,50618],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,50619,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,50621,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,50623,137],{"class":136},[39,50625,124],{"class":53},[39,50627,1361],{"class":136},[39,50629,124],{"class":53},[39,50631,7382],{"class":120},[39,50633,5073],{"class":53},[39,50635,50636],{"class":150},"     # 3\n",[39,50638,50639,50641,50643,50645,50647,50649,50651],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,50640,137],{"class":136},[39,50642,124],{"class":53},[39,50644,1361],{"class":136},[39,50646,124],{"class":53},[39,50648,1457],{"class":120},[39,50650,5073],{"class":53},[39,50652,50653],{"class":150},"  # 4\n",[39,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,50657,137],{"class":136},[39,50659,124],{"class":53},[39,50661,1361],{"class":136},[39,50663,124],{"class":53},[39,50665,8922],{"class":120},[39,50667,5073],{"class":53},[39,50669,50670],{"class":150},"     # 2\n",[39,50672,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683,50685],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,50674,137],{"class":136},[39,50676,124],{"class":53},[39,50678,1361],{"class":136},[39,50680,124],{"class":53},[39,50682,5070],{"class":120},[39,50684,5073],{"class":53},[39,50686,50687],{"class":150},"   # 3\n",[20,50689,50690,50691,1896,50695,16781,50699,117],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[195,50692,50694],{"href":50693},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[195,50696,50698],{"href":50697},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[195,50700,8873],{"href":8872},[160,50702,202],{"id":201},[20,50704,1866],{},[30,50706,50708],{"className":32,"code":50707,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len(object)\n",[15,50709,50710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50711,50712,50714,50716,50718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50713,1361],{"class":136},[39,50715,124],{"class":53},[39,50717,42114],{"class":478},[39,50719,130],{"class":53},[20,50721,50722],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50724,50725],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[176,50727,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736],{},[179,50729,37620],{},[179,50731,37614],{},[179,50733,37617],{},[179,50735,37623],{},[179,50737,50738],{},"a dictionary",[20,50740,267],{},[30,50742,50744],{"className":32,"code":50743,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50745,50746,50767,50791,50813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50747,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50749,137],{"class":136},[39,50751,124],{"class":53},[39,50753,1361],{"class":136},[39,50755,124],{"class":53},[39,50757,562],{"class":517},[39,50759,34],{"class":521},[39,50761,562],{"class":517},[39,50763,5073],{"class":53},[39,50765,50766],{"class":150},"      # 6\n",[39,50768,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50770,137],{"class":136},[39,50772,124],{"class":53},[39,50774,1361],{"class":136},[39,50776,917],{"class":53},[39,50778,58],{"class":57},[39,50780,61],{"class":53},[39,50782,64],{"class":57},[39,50784,61],{"class":53},[39,50786,69],{"class":57},[39,50788,4445],{"class":53},[39,50790,50636],{"class":150},[39,50792,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50810],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50794,137],{"class":136},[39,50796,124],{"class":53},[39,50798,1361],{"class":136},[39,50800,5223],{"class":53},[39,50802,2037],{"class":57},[39,50804,61],{"class":53},[39,50806,7505],{"class":57},[39,50808,50809],{"class":53},")))",[39,50811,50812],{"class":150},"      # 2\n",[39,50814,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50836],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,50816,137],{"class":136},[39,50818,124],{"class":53},[39,50820,1361],{"class":136},[39,50822,5242],{"class":53},[39,50824,562],{"class":517},[39,50826,1880],{"class":521},[39,50828,562],{"class":517},[39,50830,1250],{"class":53},[39,50832,5210],{"class":57},[39,50834,50835],{"class":53},"}))",[39,50837,50838],{"class":150},"      # 1\n",[160,50840,50842],{"id":50841},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50844,50845,50846,50848],{},"When you use ",[15,50847,42076],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50850,50851],{},"That includes:",[176,50853,50854,50856,50858],{},[179,50855,35856],{},[179,50857,10167],{},[179,50859,50860],{},"punctuation",[20,50862,267],{},[30,50864,50866],{"className":32,"code":50865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50867,50868,50881],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50869,50870,50872,50874,50876,50879],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50871,34398],{"class":45},[39,50873,50],{"class":49},[39,50875,572],{"class":517},[39,50877,50878],{"class":521},"Hi there!",[39,50880,3062],{"class":517},[39,50882,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50884,137],{"class":136},[39,50886,124],{"class":53},[39,50888,1361],{"class":136},[39,50890,124],{"class":53},[39,50892,34419],{"class":120},[39,50894,5073],{"class":53},[39,50896,50897],{"class":150},"  # 9\n",[20,50899,50900,50901,2199],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50902,1851],{},[176,50904,50905,50911,50915,50918],{},[179,50906,50907,50910],{},[15,50908,50909],{},"H"," = 1",[179,50912,50913,50910],{},[15,50914,35867],{},[179,50916,50917],{},"space = 1",[179,50919,50920,50923],{},[15,50921,50922],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50925,50926,50927],{},"Total: ",[15,50928,1851],{},[20,50930,50931,50932,1250],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50933,1826],{},[30,50935,50937],{"className":32,"code":50936,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50938,50939,50948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50940,50941,50944,50946],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50942,50943],{"class":45},"empty_text ",[39,50945,50],{"class":49},[39,50947,7597],{"class":517},[39,50949,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50961,50963],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50951,137],{"class":136},[39,50953,124],{"class":53},[39,50955,1361],{"class":136},[39,50957,124],{"class":53},[39,50959,50960],{"class":120},"empty_text",[39,50962,5073],{"class":53},[39,50964,50965],{"class":150},"  # 0\n",[20,50967,50968],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[30,50970,50972],{"className":32,"code":50971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50973,50974,50987,50991,51011],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50975,50976,50979,50981,50983,50985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50977,50978],{"class":45},"user_name ",[39,50980,50],{"class":49},[39,50982,572],{"class":517},[39,50984,4714],{"class":521},[39,50986,3062],{"class":517},[39,50988,50989],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,50990,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,50992,50993,50995,50997,50999,51002,51004,51007,51009],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,50994,6710],{"class":3584},[39,50996,38099],{"class":136},[39,50998,124],{"class":53},[39,51000,51001],{"class":120},"user_name",[39,51003,3366],{"class":53},[39,51005,51006],{"class":49}," >=",[39,51008,69],{"class":57},[39,51010,6107],{"class":53},[39,51012,51013,51015,51017,51019,51022,51024],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51014,7785],{"class":136},[39,51016,124],{"class":53},[39,51018,562],{"class":517},[39,51020,51021],{"class":521},"Name is long enough",[39,51023,562],{"class":517},[39,51025,130],{"class":53},[160,51027,51029],{"id":51028},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51031,51032,51033,51035],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51034,42076],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51037,51038],{},"Example with a list:",[30,51040,51042],{"className":32,"code":51041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51043,51044,51076],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51045,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51047,12786],{"class":45},[39,51049,50],{"class":49},[39,51051,3327],{"class":53},[39,51053,562],{"class":517},[39,51055,565],{"class":521},[39,51057,562],{"class":517},[39,51059,61],{"class":53},[39,51061,572],{"class":517},[39,51063,584],{"class":521},[39,51065,562],{"class":517},[39,51067,61],{"class":53},[39,51069,572],{"class":517},[39,51071,575],{"class":521},[39,51073,562],{"class":517},[39,51075,3340],{"class":53},[39,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51079,137],{"class":136},[39,51081,124],{"class":53},[39,51083,1361],{"class":136},[39,51085,124],{"class":53},[39,51087,17209],{"class":120},[39,51089,5073],{"class":53},[39,51091,50488],{"class":150},[20,51093,37629],{},[30,51095,51097],{"className":32,"code":51096,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51098,51099,51116],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51100,51101,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51102,51103],{"class":45},"point ",[39,51105,50],{"class":49},[39,51107,933],{"class":53},[39,51109,2037],{"class":57},[39,51111,61],{"class":53},[39,51113,7505],{"class":57},[39,51115,130],{"class":53},[39,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51129,51131],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51119,137],{"class":136},[39,51121,124],{"class":53},[39,51123,1361],{"class":136},[39,51125,124],{"class":53},[39,51127,51128],{"class":120},"point",[39,51130,5073],{"class":53},[39,51132,51133],{"class":150},"  # 2\n",[20,51135,51136],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[30,51138,51140],{"className":32,"code":51139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51141,51142,51166,51170,51188],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51145,7494],{"class":45},[39,51147,50],{"class":49},[39,51149,3327],{"class":53},[39,51151,562],{"class":517},[39,51153,3789],{"class":521},[39,51155,562],{"class":517},[39,51157,61],{"class":53},[39,51159,572],{"class":517},[39,51161,3798],{"class":521},[39,51163,562],{"class":517},[39,51165,3340],{"class":53},[39,51167,51168],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51169,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51171,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51173,6710],{"class":3584},[39,51175,38099],{"class":136},[39,51177,124],{"class":53},[39,51179,7525],{"class":120},[39,51181,3366],{"class":53},[39,51183,38109],{"class":49},[39,51185,5210],{"class":57},[39,51187,6107],{"class":53},[39,51189,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51191,7785],{"class":136},[39,51193,124],{"class":53},[39,51195,7525],{"class":120},[39,51197,3609],{"class":53},[39,51199,58],{"class":57},[39,51201,20153],{"class":53},[39,51203,51204],{"class":150},"  # banana\n",[20,51206,51207],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[30,51209,51211],{"className":32,"code":51210,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51212,51213,51236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221,51224,51226,51229,51231,51234],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51216,4774],{"class":45},[39,51218,50],{"class":49},[39,51220,3327],{"class":53},[39,51222,51223],{"class":57},"88",[39,51225,61],{"class":53},[39,51227,51228],{"class":57}," 91",[39,51230,61],{"class":53},[39,51232,51233],{"class":57}," 75",[39,51235,3340],{"class":53},[39,51237,51238,51240,51242,51244,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51239,137],{"class":136},[39,51241,124],{"class":53},[39,51243,562],{"class":517},[39,51245,51246],{"class":521},"Number of scores:",[39,51248,562],{"class":517},[39,51250,61],{"class":53},[39,51252,38099],{"class":136},[39,51254,124],{"class":53},[39,51256,16098],{"class":120},[39,51258,486],{"class":53},[20,51260,51261,51262,117],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[195,51263,51265],{"href":51264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[160,51267,51269],{"id":51268},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51271,51272,51273,51275],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51274,42076],{}," counts keys.",[30,51277,51279],{"className":32,"code":51278,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51280,51281,51289,51307,51321,51337,51341,51345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51282,51283,51285,51287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51284,12576],{"class":45},[39,51286,50],{"class":49},[39,51288,11205],{"class":53},[39,51290,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51292,11210],{"class":517},[39,51294,7382],{"class":521},[39,51296,562],{"class":517},[39,51298,1250],{"class":53},[39,51300,572],{"class":517},[39,51302,7637],{"class":521},[39,51304,562],{"class":517},[39,51306,11226],{"class":53},[39,51308,51309,51311,51313,51315,51317,51319],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51310,11210],{"class":517},[39,51312,9015],{"class":521},[39,51314,562],{"class":517},[39,51316,1250],{"class":53},[39,51318,30651],{"class":57},[39,51320,11226],{"class":53},[39,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51324,11210],{"class":517},[39,51326,19598],{"class":521},[39,51328,562],{"class":517},[39,51330,1250],{"class":53},[39,51332,572],{"class":517},[39,51334,21952],{"class":521},[39,51336,3062],{"class":517},[39,51338,51339],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,51340,72],{"class":53},[39,51342,51343],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,51344,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51346,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,51348,137],{"class":136},[39,51350,124],{"class":53},[39,51352,1361],{"class":136},[39,51354,124],{"class":53},[39,51356,13335],{"class":120},[39,51358,5073],{"class":53},[39,51360,50488],{"class":150},[20,51362,51363,51364,51366],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51365,42076],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51368,51369,51370,51372],{},"For sets, ",[15,51371,42076],{}," counts unique items:",[30,51374,51376],{"className":32,"code":51375,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51377,51378,51406],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51379,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402,51404],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51381,1379],{"class":45},[39,51383,50],{"class":49},[39,51385,54],{"class":53},[39,51387,58],{"class":57},[39,51389,61],{"class":53},[39,51391,64],{"class":57},[39,51393,61],{"class":53},[39,51395,69],{"class":57},[39,51397,61],{"class":53},[39,51399,69],{"class":57},[39,51401,61],{"class":53},[39,51403,64],{"class":57},[39,51405,72],{"class":53},[39,51407,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51409,137],{"class":136},[39,51411,124],{"class":53},[39,51413,1361],{"class":136},[39,51415,124],{"class":53},[39,51417,1457],{"class":120},[39,51419,5073],{"class":53},[39,51421,50488],{"class":150},[20,51423,51424],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51426,51427],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[30,51429,51431],{"className":32,"code":51430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51432,51433,51441,51445,51463],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51434,51435,51437,51439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51436,8883],{"class":45},[39,51438,50],{"class":49},[39,51440,9553],{"class":53},[39,51442,51443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51444,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51446,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51448,6710],{"class":3584},[39,51450,38099],{"class":136},[39,51452,124],{"class":53},[39,51454,8922],{"class":120},[39,51456,3366],{"class":53},[39,51458,6122],{"class":49},[39,51460,3540],{"class":57},[39,51462,6107],{"class":53},[39,51464,51465,51467,51469,51471,51474,51476],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51466,7785],{"class":136},[39,51468,124],{"class":53},[39,51470,562],{"class":517},[39,51472,51473],{"class":521},"The dictionary is empty",[39,51475,562],{"class":517},[39,51477,130],{"class":53},[160,51479,40760],{"id":40759},[20,51481,51482,51483,117],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51484,42076],{},[988,51486,51488],{"id":51487},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[30,51490,51492],{"className":32,"code":51491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51493,51494,51502,51506,51524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51495,51496,51498,51500],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51497,7494],{"class":45},[39,51499,50],{"class":49},[39,51501,7554],{"class":53},[39,51503,51504],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51505,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51507,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51509,6710],{"class":3584},[39,51511,38099],{"class":136},[39,51513,124],{"class":53},[39,51515,7525],{"class":120},[39,51517,3366],{"class":53},[39,51519,6122],{"class":49},[39,51521,3540],{"class":57},[39,51523,6107],{"class":53},[39,51525,51526,51528,51530,51532,51535,51537],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51527,7785],{"class":136},[39,51529,124],{"class":53},[39,51531,562],{"class":517},[39,51533,51534],{"class":521},"The list is empty",[39,51536,562],{"class":517},[39,51538,130],{"class":53},[988,51540,51542],{"id":51541},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[30,51544,51546],{"className":32,"code":51545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51547,51548,51567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51549,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560,51563,51565],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51551,5868],{"class":45},[39,51553,50],{"class":49},[39,51555,7959],{"class":136},[39,51557,124],{"class":53},[39,51559,562],{"class":517},[39,51561,51562],{"class":521},"Enter a word: ",[39,51564,562],{"class":517},[39,51566,130],{"class":53},[39,51568,51569,51571,51573,51575,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51570,137],{"class":136},[39,51572,124],{"class":53},[39,51574,562],{"class":517},[39,51576,51577],{"class":521},"Number of characters:",[39,51579,562],{"class":517},[39,51581,61],{"class":53},[39,51583,38099],{"class":136},[39,51585,124],{"class":53},[39,51587,38104],{"class":120},[39,51589,486],{"class":53},[988,51591,51593],{"id":51592},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[30,51595,51597],{"className":32,"code":51596,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51598,51599,51613,51617,51635,51650,51656],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51600,51601,51604,51606,51608,51611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51602,51603],{"class":45},"password ",[39,51605,50],{"class":49},[39,51607,572],{"class":517},[39,51609,51610],{"class":521},"secret123",[39,51612,3062],{"class":517},[39,51614,51615],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51616,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51618,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51620,6710],{"class":3584},[39,51622,38099],{"class":136},[39,51624,124],{"class":53},[39,51626,17328],{"class":120},[39,51628,3366],{"class":53},[39,51630,51006],{"class":49},[39,51632,6073],{"class":57},[39,51634,6107],{"class":53},[39,51636,51637,51639,51641,51643,51646,51648],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51638,7785],{"class":136},[39,51640,124],{"class":53},[39,51642,562],{"class":517},[39,51644,51645],{"class":521},"Password length is valid",[39,51647,562],{"class":517},[39,51649,130],{"class":53},[39,51651,51652,51654],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,51653,27142],{"class":3584},[39,51655,6107],{"class":53},[39,51657,51658,51660,51662,51664,51667,51669],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,51659,7785],{"class":136},[39,51661,124],{"class":53},[39,51663,562],{"class":517},[39,51665,51666],{"class":521},"Password is too short",[39,51668,562],{"class":517},[39,51670,130],{"class":53},[988,51672,51674],{"id":51673},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[30,51676,51678],{"className":32,"code":51677,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51679,51680,51716],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51681,51682,51685,51687,51689,51691,51694,51696,51698,51700,51703,51705,51707,51709,51712,51714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51683,51684],{"class":45},"results ",[39,51686,50],{"class":49},[39,51688,3327],{"class":53},[39,51690,562],{"class":517},[39,51692,51693],{"class":521},"item1",[39,51695,562],{"class":517},[39,51697,61],{"class":53},[39,51699,572],{"class":517},[39,51701,51702],{"class":521},"item2",[39,51704,562],{"class":517},[39,51706,61],{"class":53},[39,51708,572],{"class":517},[39,51710,51711],{"class":521},"item3",[39,51713,562],{"class":517},[39,51715,3340],{"class":53},[39,51717,51718,51720,51722,51724,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51738],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51719,137],{"class":136},[39,51721,124],{"class":53},[39,51723,562],{"class":517},[39,51725,51726],{"class":521},"Items found:",[39,51728,562],{"class":517},[39,51730,61],{"class":53},[39,51732,38099],{"class":136},[39,51734,124],{"class":53},[39,51736,51737],{"class":120},"results",[39,51739,486],{"class":53},[20,51741,51742],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[160,51744,51746],{"id":51745},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51748,51749,51751],{},[15,51750,42076],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51753,51754,51755,1250],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51756,2711],{},[176,51758,51759,51762,51765],{},[179,51760,51761],{},"plain integers",[179,51763,51764],{},"floats",[179,51766,51767],{},[15,51768,3484],{},[20,51770,267],{},[30,51772,51774],{"className":32,"code":51773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51775,51776],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51777,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51779,137],{"class":136},[39,51781,124],{"class":53},[39,51783,1361],{"class":136},[39,51785,124],{"class":53},[39,51787,1843],{"class":57},[39,51789,486],{"class":53},[20,51791,51792,51793,51795],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51794,1843],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51797,51798],{},"Another example:",[30,51800,51802],{"className":32,"code":51801,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51803,51804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51805,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51807,137],{"class":136},[39,51809,124],{"class":53},[39,51811,1361],{"class":136},[39,51813,124],{"class":53},[39,51815,39857],{"class":57},[39,51817,486],{"class":53},[20,51819,51820,51821,1250],{},"And with ",[15,51822,3484],{},[30,51824,51826],{"className":32,"code":51825,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51827,51828,51836],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51829,51830,51832,51834],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51831,2154],{"class":45},[39,51833,50],{"class":49},[39,51835,48244],{"class":3559},[39,51837,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51839,137],{"class":136},[39,51841,124],{"class":53},[39,51843,1361],{"class":136},[39,51845,124],{"class":53},[39,51847,2179],{"class":120},[39,51849,486],{"class":53},[20,51851,51852,51853,117],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[195,51854,51856],{"href":51855},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[160,51858,51860],{"id":51859},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51862,51863,51864,51866],{},"Before using ",[15,51865,42076],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51868,51869],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[30,51871,51873],{"className":32,"code":51872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51874,51875,51883,51887,51897,51911,51929,51947],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51876,51877,51879,51881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51878,2154],{"class":45},[39,51880,50],{"class":49},[39,51882,48244],{"class":3559},[39,51884,51885],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51886,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51888,51889,51891,51893,51895],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51890,137],{"class":136},[39,51892,124],{"class":53},[39,51894,2179],{"class":120},[39,51896,130],{"class":53},[39,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,51900,137],{"class":136},[39,51902,124],{"class":53},[39,51904,479],{"class":478},[39,51906,124],{"class":53},[39,51908,2179],{"class":120},[39,51910,486],{"class":53},[39,51912,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51925,51927],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,51914,137],{"class":136},[39,51916,124],{"class":53},[39,51918,48592],{"class":136},[39,51920,124],{"class":53},[39,51922,2179],{"class":120},[39,51924,61],{"class":53},[39,51926,48621],{"class":478},[39,51928,486],{"class":53},[39,51930,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,51932,137],{"class":136},[39,51934,124],{"class":53},[39,51936,48592],{"class":136},[39,51938,124],{"class":53},[39,51940,2179],{"class":120},[39,51942,61],{"class":53},[39,51944,22266],{"class":478},[39,51946,486],{"class":53},[39,51948,51949,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,51950,137],{"class":136},[39,51952,124],{"class":53},[39,51954,48592],{"class":136},[39,51956,124],{"class":53},[39,51958,2179],{"class":120},[39,51960,61],{"class":53},[39,51962,8888],{"class":478},[39,51964,486],{"class":53},[20,51966,51967],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51969,51970],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[30,51972,51974],{"className":32,"code":51973,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51975,51976,51988,51992,52006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51977,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51979,2154],{"class":45},[39,51981,50],{"class":49},[39,51983,572],{"class":517},[39,51985,3552],{"class":521},[39,51987,3062],{"class":517},[39,51989,51990],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,51991,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,51993,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,51995,6710],{"class":3584},[39,51997,21292],{"class":45},[39,51999,11906],{"class":49},[39,52001,7816],{"class":49},[39,52003,3560],{"class":3559},[39,52005,6107],{"class":53},[39,52007,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52009,7785],{"class":136},[39,52011,124],{"class":53},[39,52013,1361],{"class":136},[39,52015,124],{"class":53},[39,52017,2179],{"class":120},[39,52019,486],{"class":53},[20,52021,52022,52023,117],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[195,52024,8159],{"href":2005},[160,52026,2537],{"id":2536},[20,52028,22801,52029,1250],{},[15,52030,42076],{},[176,52032,52033,52041,52049,52057,52063],{},[179,52034,718,52035,52037,52038],{},[15,52036,42076],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52039,52040],{},"len(5)",[179,52042,718,52043,52045,52046],{},[15,52044,42076],{}," on a float like ",[15,52047,52048],{},"len(3.14)",[179,52050,718,52051,52053,52054,52056],{},[15,52052,42076],{}," on ",[15,52055,3484],{}," after a function returns nothing",[179,52058,4289,52059,52062],{},[15,52060,52061],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[179,52064,52065],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52067,52068],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[30,52070,52072],{"className":32,"code":52071,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52073,52074,52110],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52075,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52077,12913],{"class":45},[39,52079,50],{"class":49},[39,52081,54],{"class":53},[39,52083,562],{"class":517},[39,52085,7382],{"class":521},[39,52087,562],{"class":517},[39,52089,1250],{"class":53},[39,52091,572],{"class":517},[39,52093,12593],{"class":521},[39,52095,562],{"class":517},[39,52097,61],{"class":53},[39,52099,572],{"class":517},[39,52101,9015],{"class":521},[39,52103,562],{"class":517},[39,52105,1250],{"class":53},[39,52107,7505],{"class":57},[39,52109,72],{"class":53},[39,52111,52112,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52113,137],{"class":136},[39,52115,124],{"class":53},[39,52117,1361],{"class":136},[39,52119,124],{"class":53},[39,52121,17016],{"class":120},[39,52123,5073],{"class":53},[39,52125,51133],{"class":150},[20,52127,37308,52128,52130,52131,4104,52133,117],{},[15,52129,85],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52132,14949],{},[15,52134,52135],{},"\"age\"",[20,52137,52138],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[30,52140,52142],{"className":32,"code":52141,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52143,52144,52157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52145,52146,52148,52150,52152,52155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52147,34398],{"class":45},[39,52149,50],{"class":49},[39,52151,572],{"class":517},[39,52153,52154],{"class":521},"a b",[39,52156,3062],{"class":517},[39,52158,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52160,137],{"class":136},[39,52162,124],{"class":53},[39,52164,1361],{"class":136},[39,52166,124],{"class":53},[39,52168,34419],{"class":120},[39,52170,5073],{"class":53},[39,52172,50488],{"class":150},[20,52174,52175],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[160,52177,1563],{"id":1562},[988,52179,52181],{"id":52180},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52183,52184],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[988,52186,52188],{"id":52187},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52190,52191],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[988,52193,52195],{"id":52194},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52197,52198],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[988,52200,52202],{"id":52201},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52204,52205,52206,52208,52209,1292,52211,52213,52214,117],{},"No. Using ",[15,52207,42076],{}," on an ",[15,52210,1895],{},[15,52212,1899],{}," raises a ",[15,52215,2711],{},[988,52217,52219],{"id":52218},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52221,7477,52222,117],{},[15,52223,52224],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52226,267],{},[30,52228,52230],{"className":32,"code":52229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52231,52232,52240,52244,52262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52233,52234,52236,52238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52235,8025],{"class":45},[39,52237,50],{"class":49},[39,52239,7554],{"class":53},[39,52241,52242],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52243,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,52245,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,52247,6710],{"class":3584},[39,52249,38099],{"class":136},[39,52251,124],{"class":53},[39,52253,8056],{"class":120},[39,52255,3366],{"class":53},[39,52257,6122],{"class":49},[39,52259,3540],{"class":57},[39,52261,6107],{"class":53},[39,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52273,52275],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52265,7785],{"class":136},[39,52267,124],{"class":53},[39,52269,562],{"class":517},[39,52271,52272],{"class":521},"Empty list",[39,52274,562],{"class":517},[39,52276,130],{"class":53},[20,52278,52279,52280,52282,52283,52285,52286,52288],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52281,3379],{}," in an ",[15,52284,6710],{}," statement, but ",[15,52287,42076],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[160,52290,1613],{"id":1612},[176,52292,52293,52297,52301,52305,52310,52314,52320],{},[179,52294,52295],{},[195,52296,50694],{"href":50693},[179,52298,52299],{},[195,52300,50698],{"href":50697},[179,52302,52303],{},[195,52304,8873],{"href":8872},[179,52306,52307],{},[195,52308,52309],{"href":51264},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[179,52311,52312],{},[195,52313,8159],{"href":2005},[179,52315,52316],{},[195,52317,52319],{"href":52318},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[179,52321,52322],{},[195,52323,52324],{"href":51855},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1642,52326,52327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":52329},[52330,52331,52332,52333,52334,52335,52336,52342,52343,52344,52345,52352],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":50496,"depth":75,"text":50497},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":50841,"depth":75,"text":50842},{"id":51028,"depth":75,"text":51029},{"id":51268,"depth":75,"text":51269},{"id":40759,"depth":75,"text":40760,"children":52337},[52338,52339,52340,52341],{"id":51487,"depth":99,"text":51488},{"id":51541,"depth":99,"text":51542},{"id":51592,"depth":99,"text":51593},{"id":51673,"depth":99,"text":51674},{"id":51745,"depth":75,"text":51746},{"id":51859,"depth":75,"text":51860},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":52346},[52347,52348,52349,52350,52351],{"id":52180,"depth":99,"text":52181},{"id":52187,"depth":99,"text":52188},{"id":52194,"depth":99,"text":52195},{"id":52201,"depth":99,"text":52202},{"id":52218,"depth":99,"text":52219},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50379,"description":52353},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52360,"title":52361,"body":52362,"description":54047,"extension":1670,"meta":54048,"navigation":102,"path":54049,"seo":54050,"stem":54051,"__hash__":54052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52363,"toc":54020},[52364,52367,52381,52387,52389,52443,52448,52452,52468,52471,52485,52491,52493,52496,52515,52531,52533,52609,52611,52648,52659,52661,52664,52725,52727,52760,52763,52769,52773,52776,52901,52903,52962,52970,53023,53025,53052,53058,53068,53072,53075,53080,53132,53134,53160,53166,53220,53222,53247,53250,53274,53280,53282,53286,53288,53345,53347,53355,53357,53379,53381,53434,53436,53460,53464,53466,53505,53507,53515,53521,53525,53577,53579,53605,53613,53617,53622,53631,53633,53699,53701,53733,53737,53742,53744,53758,53761,53834,53836,53862,53864,53868,53875,53879,53886,53890,53893,53895,53948,53950,53976,53980,53989,53991,54017],[10,52365,52361],{"id":52366},"python-list-append-method",[20,52368,22,52369,52372,52373,52376,52377,52380],{},[15,52370,52371],{},"append()"," method adds ",[382,52374,52375],{},"one item"," to the ",[382,52378,52379],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52382,52383,52384,52386],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[382,52385,4340],{}," create a new list.",[160,52388,3313],{"id":3312},[30,52390,52392],{"className":32,"code":52391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52393,52394,52414,52428,52438],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52395,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52397,1379],{"class":45},[39,52399,50],{"class":49},[39,52401,3327],{"class":53},[39,52403,58],{"class":57},[39,52405,61],{"class":53},[39,52407,64],{"class":57},[39,52409,61],{"class":53},[39,52411,69],{"class":57},[39,52413,3340],{"class":53},[39,52415,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52417,1457],{"class":45},[39,52419,117],{"class":53},[39,52421,13262],{"class":120},[39,52423,124],{"class":53},[39,52425,2212],{"class":57},[39,52427,130],{"class":53},[39,52429,52430,52432,52434,52436],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,52431,137],{"class":136},[39,52433,124],{"class":53},[39,52435,1457],{"class":120},[39,52437,130],{"class":53},[39,52439,52440],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52441,52442],{"class":150},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52444,154,52445,52447],{},[15,52446,52371],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[160,52449,52451],{"id":52450},"what-append-does","What append() does",[176,52453,52454,52459,52462,52465],{},[179,52455,52456,52458],{},[15,52457,52371],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[179,52460,52461],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[179,52463,52464],{},"It does not create a new list",[179,52466,52467],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52469,52470],{},"This means you can append:",[176,52472,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483],{},[179,52474,1457],{},[179,52476,5020],{},[179,52478,40308],{},[179,52480,5011],{},[179,52482,6964],{},[179,52484,34372],{},[20,52486,52487,52488,117],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[195,52489,52490],{"href":50697},"Python lists explained for beginners",[160,52492,5143],{"id":5142},[20,52494,52495],{},"Basic form:",[30,52497,52499],{"className":32,"code":52498,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52500,52501],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52502,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52504,8056],{"class":45},[39,52506,117],{"class":53},[39,52508,13262],{"class":120},[39,52510,124],{"class":53},[39,52512,23017],{"class":120},[39,52514,130],{"class":53},[176,52516,52517,52522,52527],{},[179,52518,52519,52521],{},[15,52520,8056],{}," is the list you want to change",[179,52523,52524,52526],{},[15,52525,23017],{}," is the value or object to add",[179,52528,11623,52529],{},[15,52530,3484],{},[20,52532,267],{},[30,52534,52536],{"className":32,"code":52535,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52537,52538,52562,52585,52589,52599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52539,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52541,35952],{"class":45},[39,52543,50],{"class":49},[39,52545,3327],{"class":53},[39,52547,562],{"class":517},[39,52549,3789],{"class":521},[39,52551,562],{"class":517},[39,52553,61],{"class":53},[39,52555,572],{"class":517},[39,52557,3798],{"class":521},[39,52559,562],{"class":517},[39,52561,3340],{"class":53},[39,52563,52564,52566,52568,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52565,109],{"class":45},[39,52567,50],{"class":49},[39,52569,52570],{"class":45}," fruits",[39,52572,117],{"class":53},[39,52574,13262],{"class":120},[39,52576,124],{"class":53},[39,52578,562],{"class":517},[39,52580,32930],{"class":521},[39,52582,562],{"class":517},[39,52584,130],{"class":53},[39,52586,52587],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,52588,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,52590,52591,52593,52595,52597],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52592,137],{"class":136},[39,52594,124],{"class":53},[39,52596,36004],{"class":120},[39,52598,130],{"class":53},[39,52600,52601,52603,52605,52607],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,52602,137],{"class":136},[39,52604,124],{"class":53},[39,52606,142],{"class":120},[39,52608,130],{"class":53},[20,52610,353],{},[30,52612,52614],{"className":32,"code":52613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52615,52616,52644],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52617,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52619,3609],{"class":53},[39,52621,524],{"class":517},[39,52623,3789],{"class":521},[39,52625,524],{"class":517},[39,52627,61],{"class":53},[39,52629,518],{"class":517},[39,52631,3798],{"class":521},[39,52633,524],{"class":517},[39,52635,61],{"class":53},[39,52637,518],{"class":517},[39,52639,32930],{"class":521},[39,52641,524],{"class":517},[39,52643,3340],{"class":53},[39,52645,52646],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52647,11520],{"class":3559},[20,52649,52650,52651,52653,52654,52656,52657,117],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52652,52371],{}," updates ",[15,52655,36004],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52658,3484],{},[160,52660,542],{"id":541},[20,52662,52663],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[30,52665,52667],{"className":32,"code":52666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52668,52669,52693,52711,52715],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52670,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52672,12786],{"class":45},[39,52674,50],{"class":49},[39,52676,3327],{"class":53},[39,52678,562],{"class":517},[39,52680,565],{"class":521},[39,52682,562],{"class":517},[39,52684,61],{"class":53},[39,52686,572],{"class":517},[39,52688,575],{"class":521},[39,52690,562],{"class":517},[39,52692,3340],{"class":53},[39,52694,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52696,17209],{"class":45},[39,52698,117],{"class":53},[39,52700,13262],{"class":120},[39,52702,124],{"class":53},[39,52704,562],{"class":517},[39,52706,584],{"class":521},[39,52708,562],{"class":517},[39,52710,130],{"class":53},[39,52712,52713],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,52714,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,52716,52717,52719,52721,52723],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52718,137],{"class":136},[39,52720,124],{"class":53},[39,52722,17209],{"class":120},[39,52724,130],{"class":53},[20,52726,353],{},[30,52728,52730],{"className":32,"code":52729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52731,52732],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52733,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52735,3609],{"class":53},[39,52737,524],{"class":517},[39,52739,565],{"class":521},[39,52741,524],{"class":517},[39,52743,61],{"class":53},[39,52745,518],{"class":517},[39,52747,575],{"class":521},[39,52749,524],{"class":517},[39,52751,61],{"class":53},[39,52753,518],{"class":517},[39,52755,584],{"class":521},[39,52757,524],{"class":517},[39,52759,3340],{"class":53},[20,52761,52762],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52764,30791,52765,117],{},[195,52766,52768],{"href":52767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[160,52770,52772],{"id":52771},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52774,52775],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[30,52777,52779],{"className":32,"code":52778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52780,52781,52789,52793,52807,52825,52839,52865,52887,52891],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52782,52783,52785,52787],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52784,7494],{"class":45},[39,52786,50],{"class":49},[39,52788,7554],{"class":53},[39,52790,52791],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52792,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,52794,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,52796,7525],{"class":45},[39,52798,117],{"class":53},[39,52800,13262],{"class":120},[39,52802,124],{"class":53},[39,52804,2037],{"class":57},[39,52806,130],{"class":53},[39,52808,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,52810,7525],{"class":45},[39,52812,117],{"class":53},[39,52814,13262],{"class":120},[39,52816,124],{"class":53},[39,52818,562],{"class":517},[39,52820,3552],{"class":521},[39,52822,562],{"class":517},[39,52824,130],{"class":53},[39,52826,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,52828,7525],{"class":45},[39,52830,117],{"class":53},[39,52832,13262],{"class":120},[39,52834,124],{"class":53},[39,52836,3308],{"class":3559},[39,52838,130],{"class":53},[39,52840,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,52842,7525],{"class":45},[39,52844,117],{"class":53},[39,52846,13262],{"class":120},[39,52848,5242],{"class":53},[39,52850,562],{"class":517},[39,52852,7382],{"class":521},[39,52854,562],{"class":517},[39,52856,1250],{"class":53},[39,52858,572],{"class":517},[39,52860,7391],{"class":521},[39,52862,562],{"class":517},[39,52864,30205],{"class":53},[39,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,52868,7525],{"class":45},[39,52870,117],{"class":53},[39,52872,13262],{"class":120},[39,52874,917],{"class":53},[39,52876,58],{"class":57},[39,52878,61],{"class":53},[39,52880,64],{"class":57},[39,52882,61],{"class":53},[39,52884,69],{"class":57},[39,52886,3597],{"class":53},[39,52888,52889],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,52890,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,52892,52893,52895,52897,52899],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,52894,137],{"class":136},[39,52896,124],{"class":53},[39,52898,7525],{"class":120},[39,52900,130],{"class":53},[20,52902,353],{},[30,52904,52906],{"className":32,"code":52905,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52907,52908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52909,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52911,3609],{"class":53},[39,52913,2037],{"class":57},[39,52915,61],{"class":53},[39,52917,518],{"class":517},[39,52919,3552],{"class":521},[39,52921,524],{"class":517},[39,52923,61],{"class":53},[39,52925,3625],{"class":3559},[39,52927,61],{"class":53},[39,52929,54],{"class":53},[39,52931,524],{"class":517},[39,52933,7382],{"class":521},[39,52935,524],{"class":517},[39,52937,1250],{"class":53},[39,52939,518],{"class":517},[39,52941,7391],{"class":521},[39,52943,524],{"class":517},[39,52945,52946],{"class":53},"},",[39,52948,3327],{"class":53},[39,52950,58],{"class":57},[39,52952,61],{"class":53},[39,52954,64],{"class":57},[39,52956,61],{"class":53},[39,52958,69],{"class":57},[39,52960,52961],{"class":53},"]]\n",[20,52963,52964,52965,41870,52967,117],{},"A list added with ",[15,52966,52371],{},[382,52968,52969],{},"one single item",[30,52971,52973],{"className":32,"code":52972,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52974,52975,52991,53009,53013],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52976,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52978,1379],{"class":45},[39,52980,50],{"class":49},[39,52982,3327],{"class":53},[39,52984,58],{"class":57},[39,52986,61],{"class":53},[39,52988,64],{"class":57},[39,52990,3340],{"class":53},[39,52992,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,52994,1457],{"class":45},[39,52996,117],{"class":53},[39,52998,13262],{"class":120},[39,53000,917],{"class":53},[39,53002,307],{"class":57},[39,53004,61],{"class":53},[39,53006,94],{"class":57},[39,53008,3597],{"class":53},[39,53010,53011],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53012,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53014,53015,53017,53019,53021],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53016,137],{"class":136},[39,53018,124],{"class":53},[39,53020,1457],{"class":120},[39,53022,130],{"class":53},[20,53024,353],{},[30,53026,53028],{"className":32,"code":53027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53029,53030],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53033,3609],{"class":53},[39,53035,58],{"class":57},[39,53037,61],{"class":53},[39,53039,64],{"class":57},[39,53041,61],{"class":53},[39,53043,3327],{"class":53},[39,53045,307],{"class":57},[39,53047,61],{"class":53},[39,53049,94],{"class":57},[39,53051,52961],{"class":53},[20,53053,1992,53054,53057],{},[15,53055,53056],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53059,53060,53061,53067],{},"This is different from ",[195,53062,53064],{"href":53063},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53065,53066],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[160,53069,53071],{"id":53070},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53073,53074],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[988,53076,718,53078],{"id":53077},"using-append",[15,53079,52371],{},[30,53081,53082],{"className":32,"code":52972,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53083,53084,53100,53118,53122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53085,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53087,1379],{"class":45},[39,53089,50],{"class":49},[39,53091,3327],{"class":53},[39,53093,58],{"class":57},[39,53095,61],{"class":53},[39,53097,64],{"class":57},[39,53099,3340],{"class":53},[39,53101,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53103,1457],{"class":45},[39,53105,117],{"class":53},[39,53107,13262],{"class":120},[39,53109,917],{"class":53},[39,53111,307],{"class":57},[39,53113,61],{"class":53},[39,53115,94],{"class":57},[39,53117,3597],{"class":53},[39,53119,53120],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53121,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53123,53124,53126,53128,53130],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53125,137],{"class":136},[39,53127,124],{"class":53},[39,53129,1457],{"class":120},[39,53131,130],{"class":53},[20,53133,353],{},[30,53135,53136],{"className":32,"code":53027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53137,53138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53139,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53141,3609],{"class":53},[39,53143,58],{"class":57},[39,53145,61],{"class":53},[39,53147,64],{"class":57},[39,53149,61],{"class":53},[39,53151,3327],{"class":53},[39,53153,307],{"class":57},[39,53155,61],{"class":53},[39,53157,94],{"class":57},[39,53159,52961],{"class":53},[988,53161,718,53163],{"id":53162},"using-extend",[15,53164,53165],{},"extend()",[30,53167,53169],{"className":32,"code":53168,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53170,53171,53187,53206,53210],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53172,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53174,1379],{"class":45},[39,53176,50],{"class":49},[39,53178,3327],{"class":53},[39,53180,58],{"class":57},[39,53182,61],{"class":53},[39,53184,64],{"class":57},[39,53186,3340],{"class":53},[39,53188,53189,53191,53193,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53190,1457],{"class":45},[39,53192,117],{"class":53},[39,53194,53195],{"class":120},"extend",[39,53197,917],{"class":53},[39,53199,307],{"class":57},[39,53201,61],{"class":53},[39,53203,94],{"class":57},[39,53205,3597],{"class":53},[39,53207,53208],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53209,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53213,137],{"class":136},[39,53215,124],{"class":53},[39,53217,1457],{"class":120},[39,53219,130],{"class":53},[20,53221,353],{},[30,53223,53225],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53226,53227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53228,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53230,3609],{"class":53},[39,53232,58],{"class":57},[39,53234,61],{"class":53},[39,53236,64],{"class":57},[39,53238,61],{"class":53},[39,53240,69],{"class":57},[39,53242,61],{"class":53},[39,53244,94],{"class":57},[39,53246,3340],{"class":53},[20,53248,53249],{},"The difference:",[176,53251,53252,53258,53264,53269],{},[179,53253,53254,53257],{},[15,53255,53256],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[179,53259,53260,53263],{},[15,53261,53262],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[179,53265,154,53266,53268],{},[15,53267,52371],{}," for one item",[179,53270,154,53271,53273],{},[15,53272,53165],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53275,53276,53277,117],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[195,53278,53279],{"href":53063},"Python list extend() method",[160,53281,1244],{"id":1243},[988,53283,53285],{"id":53284},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53287,25398],{},[30,53289,53291],{"className":32,"code":53290,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53292,53293,53313,53331,53335],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53294,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53296,7494],{"class":45},[39,53298,50],{"class":49},[39,53300,3327],{"class":53},[39,53302,58],{"class":57},[39,53304,61],{"class":53},[39,53306,64],{"class":57},[39,53308,61],{"class":53},[39,53310,69],{"class":57},[39,53312,3340],{"class":53},[39,53314,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53316,7494],{"class":45},[39,53318,50],{"class":49},[39,53320,5679],{"class":45},[39,53322,117],{"class":53},[39,53324,13262],{"class":120},[39,53326,124],{"class":53},[39,53328,2212],{"class":57},[39,53330,130],{"class":53},[39,53332,53333],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53334,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53336,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53338,137],{"class":136},[39,53340,124],{"class":53},[39,53342,7525],{"class":120},[39,53344,130],{"class":53},[20,53346,353],{},[30,53348,53349],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53350,53351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53352,53353],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53354,11520],{"class":3559},[20,53356,11612],{},[176,53358,53359,53364,53370],{},[179,53360,53361,53363],{},[15,53362,52371],{}," changes the list in place",[179,53365,53366,2104,53368],{},[15,53367,52371],{},[15,53369,3484],{},[179,53371,53372,53373,53376,53377],{},"So ",[15,53374,53375],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53378,3484],{},[20,53380,10521],{},[30,53382,53384],{"className":32,"code":53383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53385,53386,53406,53420,53424],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53389,7494],{"class":45},[39,53391,50],{"class":49},[39,53393,3327],{"class":53},[39,53395,58],{"class":57},[39,53397,61],{"class":53},[39,53399,64],{"class":57},[39,53401,61],{"class":53},[39,53403,69],{"class":57},[39,53405,3340],{"class":53},[39,53407,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53409,7525],{"class":45},[39,53411,117],{"class":53},[39,53413,13262],{"class":120},[39,53415,124],{"class":53},[39,53417,2212],{"class":57},[39,53419,130],{"class":53},[39,53421,53422],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53423,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53425,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53427,137],{"class":136},[39,53429,124],{"class":53},[39,53431,7525],{"class":120},[39,53433,130],{"class":53},[20,53435,353],{},[30,53437,53438],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53439,53440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53441,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53443,3609],{"class":53},[39,53445,58],{"class":57},[39,53447,61],{"class":53},[39,53449,64],{"class":57},[39,53451,61],{"class":53},[39,53453,69],{"class":57},[39,53455,61],{"class":53},[39,53457,94],{"class":57},[39,53459,3340],{"class":53},[988,53461,53463],{"id":53462},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53465,18620],{},[30,53467,53469],{"className":32,"code":53468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53470,53471,53495],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53472,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53474,31591],{"class":45},[39,53476,50],{"class":49},[39,53478,3327],{"class":53},[39,53480,58],{"class":57},[39,53482,61],{"class":53},[39,53484,64],{"class":57},[39,53486,13259],{"class":53},[39,53488,13262],{"class":120},[39,53490,124],{"class":53},[39,53492,307],{"class":57},[39,53494,130],{"class":53},[39,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53498,137],{"class":136},[39,53500,124],{"class":53},[39,53502,31610],{"class":120},[39,53504,130],{"class":53},[20,53506,353],{},[30,53508,53509],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53510,53511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53512,53513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53514,11520],{"class":3559},[20,53516,53517,53518,53520],{},"Remember: ",[15,53519,52371],{}," updates the list you already have.",[988,53522,53524],{"id":53523},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[30,53526,53527],{"className":32,"code":52972,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53528,53529,53545,53563,53567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53530,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53532,1379],{"class":45},[39,53534,50],{"class":49},[39,53536,3327],{"class":53},[39,53538,58],{"class":57},[39,53540,61],{"class":53},[39,53542,64],{"class":57},[39,53544,3340],{"class":53},[39,53546,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53548,1457],{"class":45},[39,53550,117],{"class":53},[39,53552,13262],{"class":120},[39,53554,917],{"class":53},[39,53556,307],{"class":57},[39,53558,61],{"class":53},[39,53560,94],{"class":57},[39,53562,3597],{"class":53},[39,53564,53565],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53566,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53568,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53570,137],{"class":136},[39,53572,124],{"class":53},[39,53574,1457],{"class":120},[39,53576,130],{"class":53},[20,53578,353],{},[30,53580,53581],{"className":32,"code":53027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53582,53583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53584,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53586,3609],{"class":53},[39,53588,58],{"class":57},[39,53590,61],{"class":53},[39,53592,64],{"class":57},[39,53594,61],{"class":53},[39,53596,3327],{"class":53},[39,53598,307],{"class":57},[39,53600,61],{"class":53},[39,53602,94],{"class":57},[39,53604,52961],{"class":53},[20,53606,2876,53607,53610,53611,6343],{},[15,53608,53609],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53612,53165],{},[988,53614,53616],{"id":53615},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53618,53619,53621],{},[15,53620,52371],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53623,53624,53625,117],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[195,53626,53628],{"href":53627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53629,53630],{},"list.insert()",[20,53632,267],{},[30,53634,53636],{"className":32,"code":53635,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53637,53638,53662,53685,53689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53641,35803],{"class":45},[39,53643,50],{"class":49},[39,53645,3327],{"class":53},[39,53647,562],{"class":517},[39,53649,195],{"class":521},[39,53651,562],{"class":517},[39,53653,61],{"class":53},[39,53655,572],{"class":517},[39,53657,9454],{"class":521},[39,53659,562],{"class":517},[39,53661,3340],{"class":53},[39,53663,53664,53666,53668,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53665,35856],{"class":45},[39,53667,117],{"class":53},[39,53669,53670],{"class":120},"insert",[39,53672,124],{"class":53},[39,53674,58],{"class":57},[39,53676,61],{"class":53},[39,53678,572],{"class":517},[39,53680,127],{"class":521},[39,53682,562],{"class":517},[39,53684,130],{"class":53},[39,53686,53687],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53688,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53690,53691,53693,53695,53697],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53692,137],{"class":136},[39,53694,124],{"class":53},[39,53696,35856],{"class":120},[39,53698,130],{"class":53},[20,53700,353],{},[30,53702,53703],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53704,53705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53706,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727,53729,53731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53708,3609],{"class":53},[39,53710,524],{"class":517},[39,53712,195],{"class":521},[39,53714,524],{"class":517},[39,53716,61],{"class":53},[39,53718,518],{"class":517},[39,53720,127],{"class":521},[39,53722,524],{"class":517},[39,53724,61],{"class":53},[39,53726,518],{"class":517},[39,53728,9454],{"class":521},[39,53730,524],{"class":517},[39,53732,3340],{"class":53},[160,53734,53736],{"id":53735},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53738,53739,53741],{},[15,53740,52371],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53743,36139],{},[176,53745,53746,53749,53752,53755],{},[179,53747,53748],{},"building a list in a loop",[179,53750,53751],{},"collecting user input",[179,53753,53754],{},"storing results step by step",[179,53756,53757],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53759,53760],{},"Example with a loop:",[30,53762,53764],{"className":32,"code":53763,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53765,53766,53775,53779,53800,53819,53823],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53767,53768,53771,53773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53769,53770],{"class":45},"squares ",[39,53772,50],{"class":49},[39,53774,7554],{"class":53},[39,53776,53777],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53778,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53780,53781,53783,53785,53787,53790,53792,53794,53796,53798],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53782,5671],{"class":3584},[39,53784,6100],{"class":45},[39,53786,3591],{"class":3584},[39,53788,53789],{"class":136}," range",[39,53791,124],{"class":53},[39,53793,58],{"class":57},[39,53795,61],{"class":53},[39,53797,316],{"class":57},[39,53799,8059],{"class":53},[39,53801,53802,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53803,53804],{"class":45},"    squares",[39,53806,117],{"class":53},[39,53808,13262],{"class":120},[39,53810,124],{"class":53},[39,53812,1924],{"class":120},[39,53814,39586],{"class":49},[39,53816,1904],{"class":120},[39,53818,130],{"class":53},[39,53820,53821],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,53822,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53824,53825,53827,53829,53832],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,53826,137],{"class":136},[39,53828,124],{"class":53},[39,53830,53831],{"class":120},"squares",[39,53833,130],{"class":53},[20,53835,353],{},[30,53837,53839],{"className":32,"code":53838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53840,53841],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53842,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53856,53858,53860],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53844,3609],{"class":53},[39,53846,58],{"class":57},[39,53848,61],{"class":53},[39,53850,94],{"class":57},[39,53852,61],{"class":53},[39,53854,53855],{"class":57}," 9",[39,53857,61],{"class":53},[39,53859,13697],{"class":57},[39,53861,3340],{"class":53},[160,53863,1563],{"id":1562},[988,53865,53867],{"id":53866},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53869,46081,53870,53872,53873,117],{},[15,53871,52371],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53874,3484],{},[988,53876,53878],{"id":53877},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53880,53881,53882,117],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[195,53883,53884],{"href":53063},[15,53885,53165],{},[988,53887,53889],{"id":53888},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53891,53892],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53894,267],{},[30,53896,53898],{"className":32,"code":53897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53899,53900,53916,53934,53938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53901,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53903,8883],{"class":45},[39,53905,50],{"class":49},[39,53907,3327],{"class":53},[39,53909,58],{"class":57},[39,53911,61],{"class":53},[39,53913,64],{"class":57},[39,53915,3340],{"class":53},[39,53917,53918,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,53919,8922],{"class":45},[39,53921,117],{"class":53},[39,53923,13262],{"class":120},[39,53925,917],{"class":53},[39,53927,307],{"class":57},[39,53929,61],{"class":53},[39,53931,94],{"class":57},[39,53933,3597],{"class":53},[39,53935,53936],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,53937,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,53939,53940,53942,53944,53946],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,53941,137],{"class":136},[39,53943,124],{"class":53},[39,53945,8922],{"class":120},[39,53947,130],{"class":53},[20,53949,353],{},[30,53951,53952],{"className":32,"code":53027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53953,53954],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53955,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53957,3609],{"class":53},[39,53959,58],{"class":57},[39,53961,61],{"class":53},[39,53963,64],{"class":57},[39,53965,61],{"class":53},[39,53967,3327],{"class":53},[39,53969,307],{"class":57},[39,53971,61],{"class":53},[39,53973,94],{"class":57},[39,53975,52961],{"class":53},[988,53977,53979],{"id":53978},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53981,53982,53984,53985,53988],{},[15,53983,52371],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53986,53987],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[160,53990,1613],{"id":1612},[176,53992,53993,53998,54002,54007,54011],{},[179,53994,53995],{},[195,53996,53997],{"href":52767},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[179,53999,54000],{},[195,54001,53279],{"href":53063},[179,54003,54004],{},[195,54005,54006],{"href":53627},"Python list insert() method",[179,54008,54009],{},[195,54010,52490],{"href":50697},[179,54012,54013],{},[195,54014,54016],{"href":54015},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1642,54018,54019],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":54021},[54022,54023,54024,54025,54026,54027,54033,54039,54040,54046],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":52450,"depth":75,"text":52451},{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":52771,"depth":75,"text":52772},{"id":53070,"depth":75,"text":53071,"children":54028},[54029,54031],{"id":53077,"depth":99,"text":54030},"Using append()",{"id":53162,"depth":99,"text":54032},"Using extend()",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":54034},[54035,54036,54037,54038],{"id":53284,"depth":99,"text":53285},{"id":53462,"depth":99,"text":53463},{"id":53523,"depth":99,"text":53524},{"id":53615,"depth":99,"text":53616},{"id":53735,"depth":75,"text":53736},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":54041},[54042,54043,54044,54045],{"id":53866,"depth":99,"text":53867},{"id":53877,"depth":99,"text":53878},{"id":53888,"depth":99,"text":53889},{"id":53978,"depth":99,"text":53979},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52361,"description":54047},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54054,"title":54055,"body":54056,"description":55300,"extension":1670,"meta":55301,"navigation":102,"path":55302,"seo":55303,"stem":55304,"__hash__":55305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54057,"toc":55265},[54058,54064,54070,54076,54078,54126,54131,54136,54140,54156,54162,54164,54167,54182,54184,54195,54197,54199,54256,54258,54266,54268,54284,54290,54292,54298,54302,54386,54389,54438,54445,54453,54456,54470,54483,54489,54564,54571,54578,54652,54660,54663,54674,54683,54687,54691,54702,54704,54781,54802,54804,54814,54817,54865,54867,54888,54891,54893,54944,54950,54957,55024,55030,55036,55039,55066,55071,55077,55080,55152,55155,55166,55172,55174,55180,55183,55189,55195,55202,55210,55216,55222,55224,55262],[10,54059,54061,54062,18],{"id":54060},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54063,11035],{},[20,54065,54066,54069],{},[15,54067,54068],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54071,54072,54073,54075],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[382,54074,11047],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[160,54077,3313],{"id":3312},[30,54079,54081],{"className":32,"code":54080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54082,54083,54103,54113],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54084,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54086,7494],{"class":45},[39,54088,50],{"class":49},[39,54090,3327],{"class":53},[39,54092,58],{"class":57},[39,54094,61],{"class":53},[39,54096,64],{"class":57},[39,54098,61],{"class":53},[39,54100,69],{"class":57},[39,54102,3340],{"class":53},[39,54104,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54106,7525],{"class":45},[39,54108,117],{"class":53},[39,54110,11096],{"class":120},[39,54112,1609],{"class":53},[39,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54116,137],{"class":136},[39,54118,124],{"class":53},[39,54120,7525],{"class":120},[39,54122,3366],{"class":53},[39,54124,54125],{"class":150},"  # []\n",[20,54127,154,54128,54130],{},[15,54129,11035],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[160,54132,3383,54134,3386],{"id":54133},"what-listclear-does",[15,54135,54068],{},[20,54137,54138,1250],{},[15,54139,54068],{},[176,54141,54142,54145,54148,54153],{},[179,54143,54144],{},"Removes every item from a list",[179,54146,54147],{},"Changes the original list in place",[179,54149,54150,54151],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54152,3493],{},[179,54154,54155],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54157,54158,54159,54161],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54160,11035],{},", but it contains no values.",[160,54163,202],{"id":201},[20,54165,54166],{},"Syntax:",[30,54168,54170],{"className":32,"code":54169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54171,54172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54173,54174,54176,54178,54180],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54175,8056],{"class":45},[39,54177,117],{"class":53},[39,54179,11096],{"class":120},[39,54181,1609],{"class":53},[20,54183,11172],{},[176,54185,54186,54189,54192],{},[179,54187,54188],{},"Call it on a list object",[179,54190,54191],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[179,54193,54194],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[160,54196,542],{"id":541},[20,54198,11190],{},[30,54200,54202],{"className":32,"code":54201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54203,54204,54228,54232,54242,54246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54205,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224,54226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54207,1379],{"class":45},[39,54209,50],{"class":49},[39,54211,3327],{"class":53},[39,54213,2037],{"class":57},[39,54215,61],{"class":53},[39,54217,7505],{"class":57},[39,54219,61],{"class":53},[39,54221,7510],{"class":57},[39,54223,61],{"class":53},[39,54225,50561],{"class":57},[39,54227,3340],{"class":53},[39,54229,54230],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54231,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54233,54234,54236,54238,54240],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54235,1457],{"class":45},[39,54237,117],{"class":53},[39,54239,11096],{"class":120},[39,54241,1609],{"class":53},[39,54243,54244],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54245,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54247,54248,54250,54252,54254],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,54249,137],{"class":136},[39,54251,124],{"class":53},[39,54253,1457],{"class":120},[39,54255,130],{"class":53},[20,54257,353],{},[30,54259,54260],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,54261,54262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54263,54264],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54265,38010],{"class":53},[20,54267,692],{},[176,54269,54270,54275,54281],{},[179,54271,54272,54274],{},[15,54273,1457],{}," starts with four items",[179,54276,54277,54280],{},[15,54278,54279],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[179,54282,54283],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54285,54286,54287,117],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[195,54288,52490],{"href":54289},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[160,54291,375],{"id":374},[20,54293,54294,2104,54296,117],{},[15,54295,11035],{},[15,54297,3484],{},[20,54299,40620,54300,52386],{},[382,54301,4340],{},[30,54303,54305],{"className":32,"code":54304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54306,54307,54339,54343,54357,54361,54374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54308,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54310,7494],{"class":45},[39,54312,50],{"class":49},[39,54314,3327],{"class":53},[39,54316,562],{"class":517},[39,54318,195],{"class":521},[39,54320,562],{"class":517},[39,54322,61],{"class":53},[39,54324,572],{"class":517},[39,54326,127],{"class":521},[39,54328,562],{"class":517},[39,54330,61],{"class":53},[39,54332,572],{"class":517},[39,54334,9454],{"class":521},[39,54336,562],{"class":517},[39,54338,3340],{"class":53},[39,54340,54341],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54342,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54346,109],{"class":45},[39,54348,50],{"class":49},[39,54350,5679],{"class":45},[39,54352,117],{"class":53},[39,54354,11096],{"class":120},[39,54356,1609],{"class":53},[39,54358,54359],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54360,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,54364,137],{"class":136},[39,54366,124],{"class":53},[39,54368,7525],{"class":120},[39,54370,3366],{"class":53},[39,54372,54373],{"class":150},"   # []\n",[39,54375,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,54377,137],{"class":136},[39,54379,124],{"class":53},[39,54381,142],{"class":120},[39,54383,3366],{"class":53},[39,54385,20583],{"class":150},[20,54387,54388],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[30,54390,54392],{"className":32,"code":54391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54393,54394,54414,54428],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54395,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410,54412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54397,7494],{"class":45},[39,54399,50],{"class":49},[39,54401,3327],{"class":53},[39,54403,58],{"class":57},[39,54405,61],{"class":53},[39,54407,64],{"class":57},[39,54409,61],{"class":53},[39,54411,69],{"class":57},[39,54413,3340],{"class":53},[39,54415,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54417,7494],{"class":45},[39,54419,50],{"class":49},[39,54421,5679],{"class":45},[39,54423,117],{"class":53},[39,54425,11096],{"class":120},[39,54427,1609],{"class":53},[39,54429,54430,54432,54434,54436],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54431,137],{"class":136},[39,54433,124],{"class":53},[39,54435,7525],{"class":120},[39,54437,130],{"class":53},[20,54439,11628,54440,41870,54442,54444],{},[15,54441,7525],{},[15,54443,3484],{},", not an empty list.",[160,54446,54448,54450,54451],{"id":54447},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54449,11035],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54452,3493],{},[20,54454,54455],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[30,54457,54458],{"className":32,"code":54169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,54459,54460],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54463,8056],{"class":45},[39,54465,117],{"class":53},[39,54467,11096],{"class":120},[39,54469,1609],{"class":53},[30,54471,54473],{"className":32,"code":54472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n",[15,54474,54475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54476,54477,54479,54481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54478,8025],{"class":45},[39,54480,50],{"class":49},[39,54482,7554],{"class":53},[988,54484,54486,54488],{"id":54485},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54487,11035],{}," empties the same list object",[30,54490,54492],{"className":32,"code":54491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54493,54494,54514,54522,54526,54536,54540,54552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54497,46],{"class":45},[39,54499,50],{"class":49},[39,54501,3327],{"class":53},[39,54503,58],{"class":57},[39,54505,61],{"class":53},[39,54507,64],{"class":57},[39,54509,61],{"class":53},[39,54511,69],{"class":57},[39,54513,3340],{"class":53},[39,54515,54516,54518,54520],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54517,78],{"class":45},[39,54519,50],{"class":49},[39,54521,35888],{"class":45},[39,54523,54524],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54525,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54527,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54529,195],{"class":45},[39,54531,117],{"class":53},[39,54533,11096],{"class":120},[39,54535,1609],{"class":53},[39,54537,54538],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,54539,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,54543,137],{"class":136},[39,54545,124],{"class":53},[39,54547,195],{"class":120},[39,54549,3366],{"class":53},[39,54551,54125],{"class":150},[39,54553,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,54555,137],{"class":136},[39,54557,124],{"class":53},[39,54559,127],{"class":120},[39,54561,3366],{"class":53},[39,54563,54125],{"class":150},[20,54565,10304,54566,4104,54568,54570],{},[15,54567,195],{},[15,54569,127],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[988,54572,54574,54577],{"id":54573},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54575,54576],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[30,54579,54581],{"className":32,"code":54580,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54582,54583,54603,54611,54615,54623,54627,54639],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54586,46],{"class":45},[39,54588,50],{"class":49},[39,54590,3327],{"class":53},[39,54592,58],{"class":57},[39,54594,61],{"class":53},[39,54596,64],{"class":57},[39,54598,61],{"class":53},[39,54600,69],{"class":57},[39,54602,3340],{"class":53},[39,54604,54605,54607,54609],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54606,78],{"class":45},[39,54608,50],{"class":49},[39,54610,35888],{"class":45},[39,54612,54613],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54614,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54616,54617,54619,54621],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54618,46],{"class":45},[39,54620,50],{"class":49},[39,54622,7554],{"class":53},[39,54624,54625],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,54626,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54628,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,54630,137],{"class":136},[39,54632,124],{"class":53},[39,54634,195],{"class":120},[39,54636,3366],{"class":53},[39,54638,54125],{"class":150},[39,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,54642,137],{"class":136},[39,54644,124],{"class":53},[39,54646,127],{"class":120},[39,54648,3366],{"class":53},[39,54650,54651],{"class":150},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54653,20478,54654,54656,54657,54659],{},[15,54655,195],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54658,127],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54661,54662],{},"This difference matters when:",[176,54664,54665,54668,54671],{},[179,54666,54667],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[179,54669,54670],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[179,54672,54673],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54675,54676,54677,117],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[195,54678,54680,54681,1627],{"href":54679},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54682,12489],{},[160,54684,4671,54685],{"id":12150},[15,54686,11035],{},[20,54688,154,54689,6031],{},[15,54690,11035],{},[176,54692,54693,54696,54699],{},[179,54694,54695],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[179,54697,54698],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[179,54700,54701],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54703,267],{},[30,54705,54707],{"className":32,"code":54706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54708,54709,54745,54749,54754,54765,54769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54710,54711,54714,54716,54718,54720,54723,54725,54727,54729,54732,54734,54736,54738,54741,54743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54712,54713],{"class":45},"shopping_cart ",[39,54715,50],{"class":49},[39,54717,3327],{"class":53},[39,54719,562],{"class":517},[39,54721,54722],{"class":521},"milk",[39,54724,562],{"class":517},[39,54726,61],{"class":53},[39,54728,572],{"class":517},[39,54730,54731],{"class":521},"bread",[39,54733,562],{"class":517},[39,54735,61],{"class":53},[39,54737,572],{"class":517},[39,54739,54740],{"class":521},"eggs",[39,54742,562],{"class":517},[39,54744,3340],{"class":53},[39,54746,54747],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54748,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54750,54751],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54752,54753],{"class":150},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[39,54755,54756,54759,54761,54763],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54757,54758],{"class":45},"shopping_cart",[39,54760,117],{"class":53},[39,54762,11096],{"class":120},[39,54764,1609],{"class":53},[39,54766,54767],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,54768,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54770,54771,54773,54775,54777,54779],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,54772,137],{"class":136},[39,54774,124],{"class":53},[39,54776,54758],{"class":120},[39,54778,3366],{"class":53},[39,54780,54125],{"class":150},[20,54782,54783,54784,54788,54789,54795,54796,117],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[195,54785,54787],{"href":54786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[195,54790,54792,1627],{"href":54791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54793,54794],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[195,54797,54799,1627],{"href":54798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54800,54801],{},"list.pop()",[160,54803,1244],{"id":1243},[988,54805,54807,54808,10806,54811],{"id":54806},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54809,54810],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54812,54813],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54815,54816],{},"This does not call the method.",[30,54818,54820],{"className":32,"code":54819,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54821,54822,54842,54846,54855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54823,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54825,7494],{"class":45},[39,54827,50],{"class":49},[39,54829,3327],{"class":53},[39,54831,58],{"class":57},[39,54833,61],{"class":53},[39,54835,64],{"class":57},[39,54837,61],{"class":53},[39,54839,69],{"class":57},[39,54841,3340],{"class":53},[39,54843,54844],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54845,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54847,54848,54850,54852],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54849,7525],{"class":45},[39,54851,117],{"class":53},[39,54853,54854],{"class":24457},"clear\n",[39,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54858,137],{"class":136},[39,54860,124],{"class":53},[39,54862,7525],{"class":120},[39,54864,130],{"class":53},[20,54866,353],{},[30,54868,54870],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54871,54872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54873,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54875,3609],{"class":53},[39,54877,58],{"class":57},[39,54879,61],{"class":53},[39,54881,64],{"class":57},[39,54883,61],{"class":53},[39,54885,69],{"class":57},[39,54887,3340],{"class":53},[20,54889,54890],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54892,10521],{},[30,54894,54896],{"className":32,"code":54895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54897,54898,54918,54922,54932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54899,54900,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914,54916],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54901,7494],{"class":45},[39,54903,50],{"class":49},[39,54905,3327],{"class":53},[39,54907,58],{"class":57},[39,54909,61],{"class":53},[39,54911,64],{"class":57},[39,54913,61],{"class":53},[39,54915,69],{"class":57},[39,54917,3340],{"class":53},[39,54919,54920],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54921,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,54923,54924,54926,54928,54930],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54925,7525],{"class":45},[39,54927,117],{"class":53},[39,54929,11096],{"class":120},[39,54931,1609],{"class":53},[39,54933,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,54935,137],{"class":136},[39,54937,124],{"class":53},[39,54939,7525],{"class":120},[39,54941,3366],{"class":53},[39,54943,54125],{"class":150},[988,54945,8170,54947,54949],{"id":54946},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54948,11035],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54951,54952,2104,54954,54956],{},[15,54953,11035],{},[15,54955,3484],{},", not the list.",[30,54958,54960],{"className":32,"code":54959,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54961,54962,54982,54996,55000,55012],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54965,7494],{"class":45},[39,54967,50],{"class":49},[39,54969,3327],{"class":53},[39,54971,58],{"class":57},[39,54973,61],{"class":53},[39,54975,64],{"class":57},[39,54977,61],{"class":53},[39,54979,69],{"class":57},[39,54981,3340],{"class":53},[39,54983,54984,54986,54988,54990,54992,54994],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,54985,109],{"class":45},[39,54987,50],{"class":49},[39,54989,5679],{"class":45},[39,54991,117],{"class":53},[39,54993,11096],{"class":120},[39,54995,1609],{"class":53},[39,54997,54998],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,54999,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55001,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55003,137],{"class":136},[39,55005,124],{"class":53},[39,55007,142],{"class":120},[39,55009,3366],{"class":53},[39,55011,20583],{"class":150},[39,55013,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55015,137],{"class":136},[39,55017,124],{"class":53},[39,55019,7525],{"class":120},[39,55021,3366],{"class":53},[39,55023,54373],{"class":150},[988,55025,718,55027,55029],{"id":55026},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55028,11035],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55031,55032,55033,55035],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55034,11035],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55037,55038],{},"This will fail:",[30,55040,55042],{"className":32,"code":55041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55043,55044,55056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55045,55046,55048,55050,55052,55054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55047,34398],{"class":45},[39,55049,50],{"class":49},[39,55051,572],{"class":517},[39,55053,3552],{"class":521},[39,55055,3062],{"class":517},[39,55057,55058,55060,55062,55064],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55059,34419],{"class":45},[39,55061,117],{"class":53},[39,55063,11096],{"class":120},[39,55065,1609],{"class":53},[20,55067,55068,55069,33310],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55070,11035],{},[20,55072,55073,55074,55076],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55075,3484],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55078,55079],{},"Useful checks:",[30,55081,55083],{"className":32,"code":55082,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55084,55085,55095,55109,55123,55132,55142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55086,55087,55089,55091,55093],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55088,137],{"class":136},[39,55090,124],{"class":53},[39,55092,8056],{"class":120},[39,55094,130],{"class":53},[39,55096,55097,55099,55101,55103,55105,55107],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55098,137],{"class":136},[39,55100,124],{"class":53},[39,55102,479],{"class":478},[39,55104,124],{"class":53},[39,55106,8056],{"class":120},[39,55108,486],{"class":53},[39,55110,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55112,137],{"class":136},[39,55114,124],{"class":53},[39,55116,12362],{"class":136},[39,55118,124],{"class":53},[39,55120,8056],{"class":120},[39,55122,486],{"class":53},[39,55124,55125,55127,55129],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55126,1404],{"class":45},[39,55128,50],{"class":49},[39,55130,55131],{"class":45}," my_list\n",[39,55133,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55135,8056],{"class":45},[39,55137,117],{"class":53},[39,55139,11096],{"class":120},[39,55141,1609],{"class":53},[39,55143,55144,55146,55148,55150],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,55145,137],{"class":136},[39,55147,124],{"class":53},[39,55149,1442],{"class":120},[39,55151,130],{"class":53},[20,55153,55154],{},"These can help you see:",[176,55156,55157,55160,55163],{},[179,55158,55159],{},"What the variable currently contains",[179,55161,55162],{},"Whether it is really a list",[179,55164,55165],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55167,55168,55169,117],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[195,55170,55171],{"href":54015},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[160,55173,1563],{"id":1562},[988,55175,1567,55177,55179],{"id":55176},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55178,54068],{}," delete the list?",[20,55181,55182],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[988,55184,1567,55186,55188],{"id":55185},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55187,54068],{}," return a new list?",[20,55190,55191,55192,55194],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55193,3484],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[988,55196,4890,55198,4104,55200,2199],{"id":55197},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55199,11035],{},[15,55201,54576],{},[20,55203,55204,55206,55207,55209],{},[15,55205,11035],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55208,54576],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[988,55211,28037,55213,55215],{"id":55212},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55214,11035],{}," on other types?",[20,55217,55218,55219,55221],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55220,11035],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[160,55223,1613],{"id":1612},[176,55225,55226,55230,55235,55242,55249,55255],{},[179,55227,55228],{},[195,55229,52490],{"href":54289},[179,55231,55232],{},[195,55233,55234],{"href":54786},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[179,55236,55237],{},[195,55238,55239,55240,1627],{"href":54798},"Python list ",[15,55241,12475],{},[179,55243,55244],{},[195,55245,55239,55246,1627],{"href":54791},[15,55247,55248],{},"remove()",[179,55250,55251],{},[195,55252,55239,55253,1627],{"href":54679},[15,55254,12489],{},[179,55256,55257],{},[195,55258,30056,55259,33343],{"href":54015},[15,55260,55261],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1642,55263,55264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":55266},[55267,55268,55270,55271,55272,55273,55280,55281,55289,55299],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":54133,"depth":75,"text":55269},"What list.clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":54447,"depth":75,"text":55274,"children":55275},"clear() vs assigning []",[55276,55278],{"id":54485,"depth":99,"text":55277},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54573,"depth":99,"text":55279},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12150,"depth":75,"text":12521},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":55282},[55283,55285,55287],{"id":54806,"depth":99,"text":55284},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54946,"depth":99,"text":55286},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55026,"depth":99,"text":55288},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":55290},[55291,55293,55295,55297],{"id":55176,"depth":99,"text":55292},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55185,"depth":99,"text":55294},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55197,"depth":99,"text":55296},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55212,"depth":99,"text":55298},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54055,"description":55300},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55307,"title":55308,"body":55309,"description":56993,"extension":1670,"meta":56994,"navigation":102,"path":56995,"seo":56996,"stem":56997,"__hash__":56998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55310,"toc":56961},[55311,55316,55322,55330,55332,55421,55428,55433,55437,55451,55453,55530,55532,55593,55596,55598,55600,55621,55624,55638,55641,55686,55688,55696,55699,55705,55711,55714,55791,55793,55838,55841,55846,55929,55931,55972,55977,55981,55987,55989,55997,56000,56093,56095,56153,56156,56172,56177,56187,56192,56194,56199,56204,56207,56209,56266,56269,56322,56328,56333,56337,56354,56356,56440,56442,56483,56491,56493,56498,56504,56506,56569,56574,56643,56647,56682,56685,56687,56726,56730,56806,56812,56818,56823,56845,56848,56867,56875,56877,56883,56886,56893,56901,56906,56909,56913,56919,56927,56930,56932,56958],[10,55312,54061,55314,18],{"id":55313},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55315,12489],{},[20,55317,55318,55321],{},[15,55319,55320],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55323,55324,55325,13763,55327,55329],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55326,50],{},[382,55328,4340],{}," make a real copy.",[160,55331,1711],{"id":1710},[30,55333,55335],{"className":32,"code":55334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55336,55337,55357,55372,55376,55391,55395,55408],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55340,1379],{"class":45},[39,55342,50],{"class":49},[39,55344,3327],{"class":53},[39,55346,58],{"class":57},[39,55348,61],{"class":53},[39,55350,64],{"class":57},[39,55352,61],{"class":53},[39,55354,69],{"class":57},[39,55356,3340],{"class":53},[39,55358,55359,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55360,55361],{"class":45},"new_numbers ",[39,55363,50],{"class":49},[39,55365,1433],{"class":45},[39,55367,117],{"class":53},[39,55369,12624],{"class":120},[39,55371,1609],{"class":53},[39,55373,55374],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55375,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55377,55378,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55379,55380],{"class":45},"new_numbers",[39,55382,117],{"class":53},[39,55384,13262],{"class":120},[39,55386,124],{"class":53},[39,55388,2212],{"class":57},[39,55390,130],{"class":53},[39,55392,55393],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55394,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55396,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,55398,137],{"class":136},[39,55400,124],{"class":53},[39,55402,1457],{"class":120},[39,55404,3366],{"class":53},[39,55406,55407],{"class":150},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[39,55409,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,55411,137],{"class":136},[39,55413,124],{"class":53},[39,55415,55380],{"class":120},[39,55417,3366],{"class":53},[39,55419,55420],{"class":150},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55422,154,55423,55425,55426,117],{},[15,55424,55320],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[382,55427,12563],{},[160,55429,3383,55431,3386],{"id":55430},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55432,55320],{},[20,55434,55435,1250],{},[15,55436,55320],{},[176,55438,55439,55442,55445,55448],{},[179,55440,55441],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[179,55443,55444],{},"Returns that new list",[179,55446,55447],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[179,55449,55450],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55452,267],{},[30,55454,55456],{"className":32,"code":55455,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55457,55458,55490,55505,55509,55519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55459,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480,55482,55484,55486,55488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55461,35952],{"class":45},[39,55463,50],{"class":49},[39,55465,3327],{"class":53},[39,55467,562],{"class":517},[39,55469,3789],{"class":521},[39,55471,562],{"class":517},[39,55473,61],{"class":53},[39,55475,572],{"class":517},[39,55477,3798],{"class":521},[39,55479,562],{"class":517},[39,55481,61],{"class":53},[39,55483,572],{"class":517},[39,55485,32930],{"class":521},[39,55487,562],{"class":517},[39,55489,3340],{"class":53},[39,55491,55492,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55493,55494],{"class":45},"copied_fruits ",[39,55496,50],{"class":49},[39,55498,52570],{"class":45},[39,55500,117],{"class":53},[39,55502,12624],{"class":120},[39,55504,1609],{"class":53},[39,55506,55507],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55508,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55510,55511,55513,55515,55517],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55512,137],{"class":136},[39,55514,124],{"class":53},[39,55516,36004],{"class":120},[39,55518,130],{"class":53},[39,55520,55521,55523,55525,55528],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55522,137],{"class":136},[39,55524,124],{"class":53},[39,55526,55527],{"class":120},"copied_fruits",[39,55529,130],{"class":53},[20,55531,353],{},[30,55533,55535],{"className":32,"code":55534,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55536,55537,55565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55538,55539,55541,55543,55545,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559,55561,55563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55540,3609],{"class":53},[39,55542,524],{"class":517},[39,55544,3789],{"class":521},[39,55546,524],{"class":517},[39,55548,61],{"class":53},[39,55550,518],{"class":517},[39,55552,3798],{"class":521},[39,55554,524],{"class":517},[39,55556,61],{"class":53},[39,55558,518],{"class":517},[39,55560,32930],{"class":521},[39,55562,524],{"class":517},[39,55564,3340],{"class":53},[39,55566,55567,55569,55571,55573,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583,55585,55587,55589,55591],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55568,3609],{"class":53},[39,55570,524],{"class":517},[39,55572,3789],{"class":521},[39,55574,524],{"class":517},[39,55576,61],{"class":53},[39,55578,518],{"class":517},[39,55580,3798],{"class":521},[39,55582,524],{"class":517},[39,55584,61],{"class":53},[39,55586,518],{"class":517},[39,55588,32930],{"class":521},[39,55590,524],{"class":517},[39,55592,3340],{"class":53},[20,55594,55595],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[160,55597,202],{"id":201},[20,55599,1866],{},[30,55601,55603],{"className":32,"code":55602,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55604,55605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55606,55607,55610,55612,55615,55617,55619],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55608,55609],{"class":45},"new_list ",[39,55611,50],{"class":49},[39,55613,55614],{"class":45}," old_list",[39,55616,117],{"class":53},[39,55618,12624],{"class":120},[39,55620,1609],{"class":53},[20,55622,55623],{},"How it works:",[176,55625,55626,55632,55635],{},[179,55627,55628,55629,55631],{},"Call ",[15,55630,12489],{}," on an existing list",[179,55633,55634],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[179,55636,55637],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55639,55640],{},"Example with an empty list:",[30,55642,55644],{"className":32,"code":55643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55645,55646,55655,55671,55675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55647,55648,55651,55653],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55649,55650],{"class":45},"empty_list ",[39,55652,50],{"class":49},[39,55654,7554],{"class":53},[39,55656,55657,55660,55662,55665,55667,55669],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55658,55659],{"class":45},"new_empty_list ",[39,55661,50],{"class":49},[39,55663,55664],{"class":45}," empty_list",[39,55666,117],{"class":53},[39,55668,12624],{"class":120},[39,55670,1609],{"class":53},[39,55672,55673],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55674,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55676,55677,55679,55681,55684],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55678,137],{"class":136},[39,55680,124],{"class":53},[39,55682,55683],{"class":120},"new_empty_list",[39,55685,130],{"class":53},[20,55687,353],{},[30,55689,55690],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,55691,55692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55693,55694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55695,38010],{"class":53},[20,55697,55698],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[160,55700,55702,55703],{"id":55701},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55704,50],{},[20,55706,718,55707,13763,55709,52386],{},[15,55708,50],{},[382,55710,4340],{},[20,55712,55713],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[30,55715,55717],{"className":32,"code":55716,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55718,55719,55739,55748,55752,55767,55771,55781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55720,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731,55733,55735,55737],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55722,1379],{"class":45},[39,55724,50],{"class":49},[39,55726,3327],{"class":53},[39,55728,58],{"class":57},[39,55730,61],{"class":53},[39,55732,64],{"class":57},[39,55734,61],{"class":53},[39,55736,69],{"class":57},[39,55738,3340],{"class":53},[39,55740,55741,55744,55746],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55742,55743],{"class":45},"same_list ",[39,55745,50],{"class":49},[39,55747,43697],{"class":45},[39,55749,55750],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55751,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55753,55754,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55755,55756],{"class":45},"same_list",[39,55758,117],{"class":53},[39,55760,13262],{"class":120},[39,55762,124],{"class":53},[39,55764,2212],{"class":57},[39,55766,130],{"class":53},[39,55768,55769],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55770,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55772,55773,55775,55777,55779],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,55774,137],{"class":136},[39,55776,124],{"class":53},[39,55778,1457],{"class":120},[39,55780,130],{"class":53},[39,55782,55783,55785,55787,55789],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,55784,137],{"class":136},[39,55786,124],{"class":53},[39,55788,55756],{"class":120},[39,55790,130],{"class":53},[20,55792,353],{},[30,55794,55796],{"className":32,"code":55795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55797,55798,55818],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55799,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55801,3609],{"class":53},[39,55803,58],{"class":57},[39,55805,61],{"class":53},[39,55807,64],{"class":57},[39,55809,61],{"class":53},[39,55811,69],{"class":57},[39,55813,61],{"class":53},[39,55815,94],{"class":57},[39,55817,3340],{"class":53},[39,55819,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55821,3609],{"class":53},[39,55823,58],{"class":57},[39,55825,61],{"class":53},[39,55827,64],{"class":57},[39,55829,61],{"class":53},[39,55831,69],{"class":57},[39,55833,61],{"class":53},[39,55835,94],{"class":57},[39,55837,3340],{"class":53},[20,55839,55840],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55842,55843,55844,1250],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55845,12489],{},[30,55847,55849],{"className":32,"code":55848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55850,55851,55871,55886,55890,55905,55909,55919],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55852,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55854,1379],{"class":45},[39,55856,50],{"class":49},[39,55858,3327],{"class":53},[39,55860,58],{"class":57},[39,55862,61],{"class":53},[39,55864,64],{"class":57},[39,55866,61],{"class":53},[39,55868,69],{"class":57},[39,55870,3340],{"class":53},[39,55872,55873,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55874,55875],{"class":45},"copied_numbers ",[39,55877,50],{"class":49},[39,55879,1433],{"class":45},[39,55881,117],{"class":53},[39,55883,12624],{"class":120},[39,55885,1609],{"class":53},[39,55887,55888],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,55889,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55891,55892,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,55893,55894],{"class":45},"copied_numbers",[39,55896,117],{"class":53},[39,55898,13262],{"class":120},[39,55900,124],{"class":53},[39,55902,2212],{"class":57},[39,55904,130],{"class":53},[39,55906,55907],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,55908,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,55910,55911,55913,55915,55917],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,55912,137],{"class":136},[39,55914,124],{"class":53},[39,55916,1457],{"class":120},[39,55918,130],{"class":53},[39,55920,55921,55923,55925,55927],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,55922,137],{"class":136},[39,55924,124],{"class":53},[39,55926,55894],{"class":120},[39,55928,130],{"class":53},[20,55930,353],{},[30,55932,55934],{"className":32,"code":55933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55935,55936,55952],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55937,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55939,3609],{"class":53},[39,55941,58],{"class":57},[39,55943,61],{"class":53},[39,55945,64],{"class":57},[39,55947,61],{"class":53},[39,55949,69],{"class":57},[39,55951,3340],{"class":53},[39,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,55955,3609],{"class":53},[39,55957,58],{"class":57},[39,55959,61],{"class":53},[39,55961,64],{"class":57},[39,55963,61],{"class":53},[39,55965,69],{"class":57},[39,55967,61],{"class":53},[39,55969,94],{"class":57},[39,55971,3340],{"class":53},[20,55973,55974,55975,117],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[195,55976,52490],{"href":50697},[160,55978,55980],{"id":55979},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55982,55983,12560,55985,117],{},[15,55984,55320],{},[382,55986,12563],{},[20,55988,1813],{},[176,55990,55991,55994],{},[179,55992,55993],{},"The outer list is new",[179,55995,55996],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55998,55999],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[30,56001,56003],{"className":32,"code":56002,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56004,56005,56032,56046,56050,56069,56073,56083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56006,56007,56009,56011,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56008,11798],{"class":45},[39,56010,50],{"class":49},[39,56012,56013],{"class":53}," [[",[39,56015,58],{"class":57},[39,56017,61],{"class":53},[39,56019,64],{"class":57},[39,56021,930],{"class":53},[39,56023,3327],{"class":53},[39,56025,307],{"class":57},[39,56027,61],{"class":53},[39,56029,94],{"class":57},[39,56031,52961],{"class":53},[39,56033,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56035,14021],{"class":45},[39,56037,50],{"class":49},[39,56039,11873],{"class":45},[39,56041,117],{"class":53},[39,56043,12624],{"class":120},[39,56045,1609],{"class":53},[39,56047,56048],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56049,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56051,56052,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56067],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56053,14040],{"class":45},[39,56055,3609],{"class":53},[39,56057,1826],{"class":57},[39,56059,13259],{"class":53},[39,56061,13262],{"class":120},[39,56063,124],{"class":53},[39,56065,56066],{"class":57},"99",[39,56068,130],{"class":53},[39,56070,56071],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,56072,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56074,56075,56077,56079,56081],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,56076,137],{"class":136},[39,56078,124],{"class":53},[39,56080,11845],{"class":120},[39,56082,130],{"class":53},[39,56084,56085,56087,56089,56091],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,56086,137],{"class":136},[39,56088,124],{"class":53},[39,56090,14040],{"class":120},[39,56092,130],{"class":53},[20,56094,353],{},[30,56096,56098],{"className":32,"code":56097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56099,56100,56127],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56101,56102,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56103,56104],{"class":53},"[[",[39,56106,58],{"class":57},[39,56108,61],{"class":53},[39,56110,64],{"class":57},[39,56112,61],{"class":53},[39,56114,9912],{"class":57},[39,56116,930],{"class":53},[39,56118,3327],{"class":53},[39,56120,307],{"class":57},[39,56122,61],{"class":53},[39,56124,94],{"class":57},[39,56126,52961],{"class":53},[39,56128,56129,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56130,56104],{"class":53},[39,56132,58],{"class":57},[39,56134,61],{"class":53},[39,56136,64],{"class":57},[39,56138,61],{"class":53},[39,56140,9912],{"class":57},[39,56142,930],{"class":53},[39,56144,3327],{"class":53},[39,56146,307],{"class":57},[39,56148,61],{"class":53},[39,56150,94],{"class":57},[39,56152,52961],{"class":53},[20,56154,56155],{},"Why did both change?",[176,56157,56158,56165],{},[179,56159,56160,4104,56162,56164],{},[15,56161,11845],{},[15,56163,14040],{}," are different outer lists",[179,56166,56167,56168,56171],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56169,56170],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56173,53372,56174,56176],{},[15,56175,12489],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[176,56178,56179,56182,56185],{},[179,56180,56181],{},"Numbers",[179,56183,56184],{},"Strings",[179,56186,40309],{},[20,56188,56189,56190,117],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[195,56191,13500],{"href":13499},[160,56193,375],{"id":374},[20,56195,56196,56198],{},[15,56197,55320],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56200,40620,56201,56203],{},[382,56202,4340],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56205,56206],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56208,16365],{},[30,56210,56212],{"className":32,"code":56211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56213,56214,56238,56252,56256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56215,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56217,12786],{"class":45},[39,56219,50],{"class":49},[39,56221,3327],{"class":53},[39,56223,562],{"class":517},[39,56225,565],{"class":521},[39,56227,562],{"class":517},[39,56229,61],{"class":53},[39,56231,572],{"class":517},[39,56233,575],{"class":521},[39,56235,562],{"class":517},[39,56237,3340],{"class":53},[39,56239,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56241,12827],{"class":45},[39,56243,50],{"class":49},[39,56245,12832],{"class":45},[39,56247,117],{"class":53},[39,56249,12624],{"class":120},[39,56251,1609],{"class":53},[39,56253,56254],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56255,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56257,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56259,137],{"class":136},[39,56261,124],{"class":53},[39,56263,12851],{"class":120},[39,56265,130],{"class":53},[20,56267,56268],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[30,56270,56272],{"className":32,"code":56271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56273,56274,56298,56308,56312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56275,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56277,12786],{"class":45},[39,56279,50],{"class":49},[39,56281,3327],{"class":53},[39,56283,562],{"class":517},[39,56285,565],{"class":521},[39,56287,562],{"class":517},[39,56289,61],{"class":53},[39,56291,572],{"class":517},[39,56293,575],{"class":521},[39,56295,562],{"class":517},[39,56297,3340],{"class":53},[39,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56301,17209],{"class":45},[39,56303,117],{"class":53},[39,56305,12624],{"class":120},[39,56307,1609],{"class":53},[39,56309,56310],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56311,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56313,56314,56316,56318,56320],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56315,137],{"class":136},[39,56317,124],{"class":53},[39,56319,17209],{"class":120},[39,56321,130],{"class":53},[20,56323,56324,56325,56327],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56326,12489],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[160,56329,4671,56331],{"id":56330},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56332,55320],{},[20,56334,154,56335,10315],{},[15,56336,55320],{},[176,56338,56339,56342,56345,56348],{},[179,56340,56341],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[179,56343,56344],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[179,56346,56347],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[179,56349,56350,56351],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56352,56353],{},"[:]",[20,56355,267],{},[30,56357,56359],{"className":32,"code":56358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56360,56361,56381,56396,56400,56415,56419,56429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56362,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56364,4774],{"class":45},[39,56366,50],{"class":49},[39,56368,3327],{"class":53},[39,56370,2037],{"class":57},[39,56372,61],{"class":53},[39,56374,7505],{"class":57},[39,56376,61],{"class":53},[39,56378,7510],{"class":57},[39,56380,3340],{"class":53},[39,56382,56383,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56384,56385],{"class":45},"backup_scores ",[39,56387,50],{"class":49},[39,56389,4821],{"class":45},[39,56391,117],{"class":53},[39,56393,12624],{"class":120},[39,56395,1609],{"class":53},[39,56397,56398],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56399,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56401,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56413],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56403,16098],{"class":45},[39,56405,117],{"class":53},[39,56407,13262],{"class":120},[39,56409,124],{"class":53},[39,56411,56412],{"class":57},"40",[39,56414,130],{"class":53},[39,56416,56417],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,56418,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56420,56421,56423,56425,56427],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,56422,137],{"class":136},[39,56424,124],{"class":53},[39,56426,16098],{"class":120},[39,56428,130],{"class":53},[39,56430,56431,56433,56435,56438],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,56432,137],{"class":136},[39,56434,124],{"class":53},[39,56436,56437],{"class":120},"backup_scores",[39,56439,130],{"class":53},[20,56441,353],{},[30,56443,56445],{"className":32,"code":56444,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56446,56447,56467],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56450,3609],{"class":53},[39,56452,2037],{"class":57},[39,56454,61],{"class":53},[39,56456,7505],{"class":57},[39,56458,61],{"class":53},[39,56460,7510],{"class":57},[39,56462,61],{"class":53},[39,56464,50561],{"class":57},[39,56466,3340],{"class":53},[39,56468,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56470,3609],{"class":53},[39,56472,2037],{"class":57},[39,56474,61],{"class":53},[39,56476,7505],{"class":57},[39,56478,61],{"class":53},[39,56480,7510],{"class":57},[39,56482,3340],{"class":53},[20,56484,56485,56486,117],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[195,56487,55239,56489,1627],{"href":56488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56490,52371],{},[160,56492,1244],{"id":1243},[20,56494,56495,56496,117],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56497,55320],{},[988,56499,718,56501,56503],{"id":56500},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56502,50],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56505,38912],{},[30,56507,56509],{"className":32,"code":56508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56510,56511,56531,56539,56553,56557],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56512,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56514,46],{"class":45},[39,56516,50],{"class":49},[39,56518,3327],{"class":53},[39,56520,58],{"class":57},[39,56522,61],{"class":53},[39,56524,64],{"class":57},[39,56526,61],{"class":53},[39,56528,69],{"class":57},[39,56530,3340],{"class":53},[39,56532,56533,56535,56537],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56534,78],{"class":45},[39,56536,50],{"class":49},[39,56538,35888],{"class":45},[39,56540,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56542,127],{"class":45},[39,56544,117],{"class":53},[39,56546,13262],{"class":120},[39,56548,124],{"class":53},[39,56550,2212],{"class":57},[39,56552,130],{"class":53},[39,56554,56555],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56556,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56558,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,56560,137],{"class":136},[39,56562,124],{"class":53},[39,56564,195],{"class":120},[39,56566,3366],{"class":53},[39,56568,55420],{"class":150},[20,56570,56571,56572,6343],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56573,12489],{},[30,56575,56577],{"className":32,"code":56576,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56578,56579,56599,56613,56627,56631],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56580,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595,56597],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56582,46],{"class":45},[39,56584,50],{"class":49},[39,56586,3327],{"class":53},[39,56588,58],{"class":57},[39,56590,61],{"class":53},[39,56592,64],{"class":57},[39,56594,61],{"class":53},[39,56596,69],{"class":57},[39,56598,3340],{"class":53},[39,56600,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56602,78],{"class":45},[39,56604,50],{"class":49},[39,56606,114],{"class":45},[39,56608,117],{"class":53},[39,56610,12624],{"class":120},[39,56612,1609],{"class":53},[39,56614,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56616,127],{"class":45},[39,56618,117],{"class":53},[39,56620,13262],{"class":120},[39,56622,124],{"class":53},[39,56624,2212],{"class":57},[39,56626,130],{"class":53},[39,56628,56629],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56630,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,56634,137],{"class":136},[39,56636,124],{"class":53},[39,56638,195],{"class":120},[39,56640,3366],{"class":53},[39,56642,54651],{"class":150},[988,56644,56646],{"id":56645},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[30,56648,56650],{"className":32,"code":56649,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56651,56652,56672],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56653,56654,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56655,1379],{"class":45},[39,56657,50],{"class":49},[39,56659,3327],{"class":53},[39,56661,58],{"class":57},[39,56663,61],{"class":53},[39,56665,64],{"class":57},[39,56667,61],{"class":53},[39,56669,69],{"class":57},[39,56671,3340],{"class":53},[39,56673,56674,56676,56678,56680],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56675,1457],{"class":45},[39,56677,117],{"class":53},[39,56679,12624],{"class":120},[39,56681,1609],{"class":53},[20,56683,56684],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56686,38975],{},[30,56688,56690],{"className":32,"code":56689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56691,56692,56712],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56695,1379],{"class":45},[39,56697,50],{"class":49},[39,56699,3327],{"class":53},[39,56701,58],{"class":57},[39,56703,61],{"class":53},[39,56705,64],{"class":57},[39,56707,61],{"class":53},[39,56709,69],{"class":57},[39,56711,3340],{"class":53},[39,56713,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56715,55875],{"class":45},[39,56717,50],{"class":49},[39,56719,1433],{"class":45},[39,56721,117],{"class":53},[39,56723,12624],{"class":120},[39,56725,1609],{"class":53},[988,56727,56729],{"id":56728},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[30,56731,56733],{"className":32,"code":56732,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56734,56735,56753,56767,56771,56789,56793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56736,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56738,46],{"class":45},[39,56740,50],{"class":49},[39,56742,56013],{"class":53},[39,56744,58],{"class":57},[39,56746,930],{"class":53},[39,56748,3327],{"class":53},[39,56750,85],{"class":57},[39,56752,52961],{"class":53},[39,56754,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56756,78],{"class":45},[39,56758,50],{"class":49},[39,56760,114],{"class":45},[39,56762,117],{"class":53},[39,56764,12624],{"class":120},[39,56766,1609],{"class":53},[39,56768,56769],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,56770,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56772,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,56774,127],{"class":45},[39,56776,3609],{"class":53},[39,56778,1826],{"class":57},[39,56780,13259],{"class":53},[39,56782,13262],{"class":120},[39,56784,124],{"class":53},[39,56786,56066],{"class":57},[39,56788,130],{"class":53},[39,56790,56791],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,56792,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,56794,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,56796,137],{"class":136},[39,56798,124],{"class":53},[39,56800,195],{"class":120},[39,56802,3366],{"class":53},[39,56804,56805],{"class":150},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56807,56808,56809,56811],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56810,55320],{}," is shallow.",[988,56813,25324,56815,56817],{"id":56814},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56816,12489],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56819,56820,56822],{},[15,56821,12489],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[30,56824,56826],{"className":32,"code":56825,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56827,56828,56840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56829,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56831,7592],{"class":45},[39,56833,50],{"class":49},[39,56835,572],{"class":517},[39,56837,4714],{"class":521},[39,56839,3062],{"class":517},[39,56841,56842],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,56843,56844],{"class":150},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56846,56847],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[30,56849,56851],{"className":32,"code":56850,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56852,56853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56854,56855,56857,56859,56861,56863,56865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56856,137],{"class":136},[39,56858,124],{"class":53},[39,56860,479],{"class":478},[39,56862,124],{"class":53},[39,56864,7382],{"class":120},[39,56866,486],{"class":53},[20,56868,56869,56870,56874],{},"You can also review ",[195,56871,56873],{"href":56872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[160,56876,1563],{"id":1562},[988,56878,1567,56880,56882],{"id":56879},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56881,55320],{}," change the original list?",[20,56884,56885],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[988,56887,4890,56889,4104,56891,2199],{"id":56888},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56890,55320],{},[15,56892,50],{},[20,56894,56895,56897,56898,56900],{},[15,56896,12489],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56899,50],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[988,56902,14612,56904,14615],{"id":56903},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56905,55320],{},[20,56907,56908],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[988,56910,56912],{"id":56911},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56914,41867,56915,56918],{},[15,56916,56917],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[988,56920,14612,56922,56924,56925,2199],{"id":56921},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56923,55320],{}," the same as ",[15,56926,56353],{},[20,56928,56929],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[160,56931,1613],{"id":1612},[176,56933,56934,56939,56943,56948,56954],{},[179,56935,56936],{},[195,56937,14674],{"href":56938},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[179,56940,56941],{},[195,56942,52490],{"href":50697},[179,56944,56945],{},[195,56946,56947],{"href":56872},"Creating a list in Python",[179,56949,56950],{},[195,56951,55239,56952,1627],{"href":56488},[15,56953,52371],{},[179,56955,56956],{},[195,56957,13500],{"href":13499},[1642,56959,56960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":56962},[56963,56964,56966,56967,56969,56970,56971,56973,56981,56992],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":55430,"depth":75,"text":56965},"What list.copy() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":55701,"depth":75,"text":56968},"Why not use =",{"id":55979,"depth":75,"text":55980},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":56330,"depth":75,"text":56972},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":56974},[56975,56977,56978,56979],{"id":56500,"depth":99,"text":56976},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56645,"depth":99,"text":56646},{"id":56728,"depth":99,"text":56729},{"id":56814,"depth":99,"text":56980},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":56982},[56983,56985,56987,56989,56990],{"id":56879,"depth":99,"text":56984},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56888,"depth":99,"text":56986},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56903,"depth":99,"text":56988},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56911,"depth":99,"text":56912},{"id":56921,"depth":99,"text":56991},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55308,"description":56993},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57000,"title":57001,"body":57002,"description":58744,"extension":1670,"meta":58745,"navigation":102,"path":58746,"seo":58747,"stem":58748,"__hash__":58749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57003,"toc":58703},[57004,57010,57016,57019,57030,57033,57035,57098,57104,57109,57113,57127,57130,57135,57140,57142,57144,57163,57175,57177,57244,57246,57254,57259,57261,57269,57272,57289,57291,57415,57426,57430,57435,57438,57440,57458,57462,57548,57557,57565,57634,57636,57639,57651,57656,57660,57731,57734,57738,57742,57807,57809,57817,57821,57904,57906,57914,57918,57979,57981,57989,57993,58080,58082,58090,58095,58100,58103,58114,58116,58201,58206,58215,58217,58221,58225,58230,58292,58296,58304,58310,58319,58324,58373,58376,58397,58401,58463,58470,58475,58478,58565,58568,58579,58582,58602,58604,58610,58613,58617,58621,58627,58630,58636,58643,58651,58662,58664,58700],[10,57005,54061,57007,18],{"id":57006},"python-list-count-method",[15,57008,57009],{},"count()",[20,57011,57012,57015],{},[15,57013,57014],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57017,57018],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[176,57020,57021,57024,57027],{},[179,57022,57023],{},"count one specific item",[179,57025,57026],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[179,57028,57029],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57031,57032],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[160,57034,3313],{"id":3312},[30,57036,57038],{"className":32,"code":57037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57039,57040,57068,57086],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57041,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57043,1379],{"class":45},[39,57045,50],{"class":49},[39,57047,3327],{"class":53},[39,57049,58],{"class":57},[39,57051,61],{"class":53},[39,57053,64],{"class":57},[39,57055,61],{"class":53},[39,57057,64],{"class":57},[39,57059,61],{"class":53},[39,57061,69],{"class":57},[39,57063,61],{"class":53},[39,57065,64],{"class":57},[39,57067,3340],{"class":53},[39,57069,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57071,109],{"class":45},[39,57073,50],{"class":49},[39,57075,1433],{"class":45},[39,57077,117],{"class":53},[39,57079,40974],{"class":120},[39,57081,124],{"class":53},[39,57083,85],{"class":57},[39,57085,130],{"class":53},[39,57087,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57089,137],{"class":136},[39,57091,124],{"class":53},[39,57093,142],{"class":120},[39,57095,3366],{"class":53},[39,57097,50488],{"class":150},[20,57099,154,57100,57103],{},[15,57101,57102],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[160,57105,3383,57107,3386],{"id":57106},"what-listcount-does",[15,57108,57014],{},[20,57110,57111,1250],{},[15,57112,57014],{},[176,57114,57115,57118,57121,57124],{},[179,57116,57117],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[179,57119,57120],{},"returns an integer",[179,57122,57123],{},"does not change the original list",[179,57125,57126],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57128,57129],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57131,57132,57133,117],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57134,307],{},[20,57136,57137,57138,117],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57139,1826],{},[160,57141,202],{"id":201},[20,57143,1866],{},[30,57145,57147],{"className":32,"code":57146,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57148,57149],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57150,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57152,8056],{"class":45},[39,57154,117],{"class":53},[39,57156,40974],{"class":120},[39,57158,124],{"class":53},[39,57160,2179],{"class":120},[39,57162,130],{"class":53},[176,57164,57165,57170],{},[179,57166,57167,57169],{},[15,57168,8056],{}," is the list you want to search",[179,57171,57172,57174],{},[15,57173,2179],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57176,267],{},[30,57178,57180],{"className":32,"code":57179,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57181,57182,57222],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57183,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57185,35803],{"class":45},[39,57187,50],{"class":49},[39,57189,3327],{"class":53},[39,57191,562],{"class":517},[39,57193,195],{"class":521},[39,57195,562],{"class":517},[39,57197,61],{"class":53},[39,57199,572],{"class":517},[39,57201,127],{"class":521},[39,57203,562],{"class":517},[39,57205,61],{"class":53},[39,57207,572],{"class":517},[39,57209,195],{"class":521},[39,57211,562],{"class":517},[39,57213,61],{"class":53},[39,57215,572],{"class":517},[39,57217,9454],{"class":521},[39,57219,562],{"class":517},[39,57221,3340],{"class":53},[39,57223,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57225,137],{"class":136},[39,57227,124],{"class":53},[39,57229,35856],{"class":120},[39,57231,117],{"class":53},[39,57233,40974],{"class":120},[39,57235,124],{"class":53},[39,57237,562],{"class":517},[39,57239,195],{"class":521},[39,57241,562],{"class":517},[39,57243,486],{"class":53},[20,57245,353],{},[30,57247,57248],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57249,57250],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57251,57252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57253,1553],{"class":57},[20,57255,57256,57257,117],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57258,1826],{},[160,57260,37733],{"id":37732},[20,57262,57263,57264,57266,57267,117],{},"The return value from ",[15,57265,57009],{}," is always an ",[15,57268,1895],{},[20,57270,57271],{},"Possible results:",[176,57273,57274,57279,57284],{},[179,57275,57276,57278],{},[15,57277,1826],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[179,57280,57281,57283],{},[15,57282,58],{}," if it appears once",[179,57285,57286,57288],{},[15,57287,85],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57290,267],{},[30,57292,57294],{"className":32,"code":57293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57295,57296,57336,57340,57365,57390],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57297,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57299,12786],{"class":45},[39,57301,50],{"class":49},[39,57303,3327],{"class":53},[39,57305,562],{"class":517},[39,57307,565],{"class":521},[39,57309,562],{"class":517},[39,57311,61],{"class":53},[39,57313,572],{"class":517},[39,57315,575],{"class":521},[39,57317,562],{"class":517},[39,57319,61],{"class":53},[39,57321,572],{"class":517},[39,57323,584],{"class":521},[39,57325,562],{"class":517},[39,57327,61],{"class":53},[39,57329,572],{"class":517},[39,57331,575],{"class":521},[39,57333,562],{"class":517},[39,57335,3340],{"class":53},[39,57337,57338],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57339,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,57341,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57343,137],{"class":136},[39,57345,124],{"class":53},[39,57347,17209],{"class":120},[39,57349,117],{"class":53},[39,57351,40974],{"class":120},[39,57353,124],{"class":53},[39,57355,562],{"class":517},[39,57357,575],{"class":521},[39,57359,562],{"class":517},[39,57361,5073],{"class":53},[39,57363,57364],{"class":150},"   # 2\n",[39,57366,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,57368,137],{"class":136},[39,57370,124],{"class":53},[39,57372,17209],{"class":120},[39,57374,117],{"class":53},[39,57376,40974],{"class":120},[39,57378,124],{"class":53},[39,57380,562],{"class":517},[39,57382,565],{"class":521},[39,57384,562],{"class":517},[39,57386,5073],{"class":53},[39,57388,57389],{"class":150},"    # 1\n",[39,57391,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,57393,137],{"class":136},[39,57395,124],{"class":53},[39,57397,17209],{"class":120},[39,57399,117],{"class":53},[39,57401,40974],{"class":120},[39,57403,124],{"class":53},[39,57405,562],{"class":517},[39,57407,610],{"class":521},[39,57409,562],{"class":517},[39,57411,5073],{"class":53},[39,57413,57414],{"class":150}," # 0\n",[20,57416,57417,57418,57420,57421,57423,57424,117],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57419,57009],{}," works, but using ",[15,57422,3591],{}," is often simpler. See ",[195,57425,5912],{"href":5911},[160,57427,57429],{"id":57428},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57431,57432,57434],{},[15,57433,57014],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57436,57437],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57439,43365],{},[176,57441,57442,57445,57448,57455],{},[179,57443,57444],{},"matches are based on equality",[179,57446,57447],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[179,57449,57450,4104,57452,57454],{},[15,57451,58],{},[15,57453,3308],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[179,57456,57457],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[988,57459,57461],{"id":57460},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[30,57463,57465],{"className":32,"code":57464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57466,57467,57500,57524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57468,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57470,3780],{"class":45},[39,57472,50],{"class":49},[39,57474,3327],{"class":53},[39,57476,562],{"class":517},[39,57478,3789],{"class":521},[39,57480,562],{"class":517},[39,57482,61],{"class":53},[39,57484,572],{"class":517},[39,57486,57487],{"class":521},"Apple",[39,57489,562],{"class":517},[39,57491,61],{"class":53},[39,57493,572],{"class":517},[39,57495,3789],{"class":521},[39,57497,562],{"class":517},[39,57499,3340],{"class":53},[39,57501,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57503,137],{"class":136},[39,57505,124],{"class":53},[39,57507,3824],{"class":120},[39,57509,117],{"class":53},[39,57511,40974],{"class":120},[39,57513,124],{"class":53},[39,57515,562],{"class":517},[39,57517,3789],{"class":521},[39,57519,562],{"class":517},[39,57521,5073],{"class":53},[39,57523,51133],{"class":150},[39,57525,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57527,137],{"class":136},[39,57529,124],{"class":53},[39,57531,3824],{"class":120},[39,57533,117],{"class":53},[39,57535,40974],{"class":120},[39,57537,124],{"class":53},[39,57539,562],{"class":517},[39,57541,57487],{"class":521},[39,57543,562],{"class":517},[39,57545,5073],{"class":53},[39,57547,27488],{"class":150},[20,57549,57550,4104,57553,57556],{},[15,57551,57552],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57554,57555],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[988,57558,57560,4104,57562,57564],{"id":57559},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57561,58],{},[15,57563,3308],{}," can match",[30,57566,57568],{"className":32,"code":57567,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57569,57570,57594,57614],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57571,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57573,3529],{"class":45},[39,57575,50],{"class":49},[39,57577,3327],{"class":53},[39,57579,58],{"class":57},[39,57581,61],{"class":53},[39,57583,3625],{"class":3559},[39,57585,61],{"class":53},[39,57587,64],{"class":57},[39,57589,61],{"class":53},[39,57591,5210],{"class":57},[39,57593,3340],{"class":53},[39,57595,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57597,137],{"class":136},[39,57599,124],{"class":53},[39,57601,5070],{"class":120},[39,57603,117],{"class":53},[39,57605,40974],{"class":120},[39,57607,124],{"class":53},[39,57609,58],{"class":57},[39,57611,5073],{"class":53},[39,57613,50636],{"class":150},[39,57615,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57617,137],{"class":136},[39,57619,124],{"class":53},[39,57621,5070],{"class":120},[39,57623,117],{"class":53},[39,57625,40974],{"class":120},[39,57627,124],{"class":53},[39,57629,3308],{"class":3559},[39,57631,5073],{"class":53},[39,57633,50488],{"class":150},[20,57635,4121],{},[20,57637,57638],{},"In Python:",[176,57640,57641,57646],{},[179,57642,57643],{},[15,57644,57645],{},"True == 1",[179,57647,57648],{},[15,57649,57650],{},"False == 0",[20,57652,53372,57653,57655],{},[15,57654,57009],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[988,57657,57659],{"id":57658},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[30,57661,57663],{"className":32,"code":57662,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57664,57665,57707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57666,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57668,7494],{"class":45},[39,57670,50],{"class":49},[39,57672,56013],{"class":53},[39,57674,58],{"class":57},[39,57676,61],{"class":53},[39,57678,64],{"class":57},[39,57680,930],{"class":53},[39,57682,3327],{"class":53},[39,57684,307],{"class":57},[39,57686,61],{"class":53},[39,57688,94],{"class":57},[39,57690,930],{"class":53},[39,57692,3327],{"class":53},[39,57694,58],{"class":57},[39,57696,61],{"class":53},[39,57698,64],{"class":57},[39,57700,930],{"class":53},[39,57702,3327],{"class":53},[39,57704,58],{"class":57},[39,57706,52961],{"class":53},[39,57708,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57710,137],{"class":136},[39,57712,124],{"class":53},[39,57714,7525],{"class":120},[39,57716,117],{"class":53},[39,57718,40974],{"class":120},[39,57720,917],{"class":53},[39,57722,58],{"class":57},[39,57724,61],{"class":53},[39,57726,64],{"class":57},[39,57728,4445],{"class":53},[39,57730,51133],{"class":150},[20,57732,57733],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[160,57735,57737],{"id":57736},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[988,57739,57741],{"id":57740},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[30,57743,57745],{"className":32,"code":57744,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57746,57747,57775,57793,57797],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57748,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57750,1379],{"class":45},[39,57752,50],{"class":49},[39,57754,3327],{"class":53},[39,57756,2037],{"class":57},[39,57758,61],{"class":53},[39,57760,7505],{"class":57},[39,57762,61],{"class":53},[39,57764,5718],{"class":57},[39,57766,61],{"class":53},[39,57768,7510],{"class":57},[39,57770,61],{"class":53},[39,57772,5718],{"class":57},[39,57774,3340],{"class":53},[39,57776,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57778,109],{"class":45},[39,57780,50],{"class":49},[39,57782,1433],{"class":45},[39,57784,117],{"class":53},[39,57786,40974],{"class":120},[39,57788,124],{"class":53},[39,57790,2037],{"class":57},[39,57792,130],{"class":53},[39,57794,57795],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57796,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,57798,57799,57801,57803,57805],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,57800,137],{"class":136},[39,57802,124],{"class":53},[39,57804,142],{"class":120},[39,57806,130],{"class":53},[20,57808,353],{},[30,57810,57811],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57812,57813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57814,57815],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57816,46333],{"class":57},[988,57818,57820],{"id":57819},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[30,57822,57824],{"className":32,"code":57823,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57825,57826,57868,57890,57894],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57827,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57864,57866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57829,3780],{"class":45},[39,57831,50],{"class":49},[39,57833,3327],{"class":53},[39,57835,562],{"class":517},[39,57837,36761],{"class":521},[39,57839,562],{"class":517},[39,57841,61],{"class":53},[39,57843,572],{"class":517},[39,57845,57846],{"class":521},"dog",[39,57848,562],{"class":517},[39,57850,61],{"class":53},[39,57852,572],{"class":517},[39,57854,36761],{"class":521},[39,57856,562],{"class":517},[39,57858,61],{"class":53},[39,57860,572],{"class":517},[39,57862,57863],{"class":521},"bird",[39,57865,562],{"class":517},[39,57867,3340],{"class":53},[39,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57871,109],{"class":45},[39,57873,50],{"class":49},[39,57875,5882],{"class":45},[39,57877,117],{"class":53},[39,57879,40974],{"class":120},[39,57881,124],{"class":53},[39,57883,562],{"class":517},[39,57885,36761],{"class":521},[39,57887,562],{"class":517},[39,57889,130],{"class":53},[39,57891,57892],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57893,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,57895,57896,57898,57900,57902],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,57897,137],{"class":136},[39,57899,124],{"class":53},[39,57901,142],{"class":120},[39,57903,130],{"class":53},[20,57905,353],{},[30,57907,57908],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57909,57910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57911,57912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57913,1553],{"class":57},[988,57915,57917],{"id":57916},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[30,57919,57921],{"className":32,"code":57920,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57922,57923,57947,57965,57969],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57924,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57926,1379],{"class":45},[39,57928,50],{"class":49},[39,57930,3327],{"class":53},[39,57932,58],{"class":57},[39,57934,61],{"class":53},[39,57936,64],{"class":57},[39,57938,61],{"class":53},[39,57940,69],{"class":57},[39,57942,61],{"class":53},[39,57944,94],{"class":57},[39,57946,3340],{"class":53},[39,57948,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,57950,109],{"class":45},[39,57952,50],{"class":49},[39,57954,1433],{"class":45},[39,57956,117],{"class":53},[39,57958,40974],{"class":120},[39,57960,124],{"class":53},[39,57962,1843],{"class":57},[39,57964,130],{"class":53},[39,57966,57967],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,57968,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,57970,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,57972,137],{"class":136},[39,57974,124],{"class":53},[39,57976,142],{"class":120},[39,57978,130],{"class":53},[20,57980,353],{},[30,57982,57983],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57984,57985],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57986,57987],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57988,46968],{"class":57},[988,57990,57992],{"id":57991},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[30,57994,57996],{"className":32,"code":57995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57997,57998,58044,58066,58070],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57999,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58001,8883],{"class":45},[39,58003,50],{"class":49},[39,58005,56013],{"class":53},[39,58007,58],{"class":57},[39,58009,61],{"class":53},[39,58011,64],{"class":57},[39,58013,930],{"class":53},[39,58015,3327],{"class":53},[39,58017,58],{"class":57},[39,58019,61],{"class":53},[39,58021,64],{"class":57},[39,58023,930],{"class":53},[39,58025,3327],{"class":53},[39,58027,85],{"class":57},[39,58029,61],{"class":53},[39,58031,69],{"class":57},[39,58033,930],{"class":53},[39,58035,3327],{"class":53},[39,58037,58],{"class":57},[39,58039,61],{"class":53},[39,58041,64],{"class":57},[39,58043,52961],{"class":53},[39,58045,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58047,109],{"class":45},[39,58049,50],{"class":49},[39,58051,14276],{"class":45},[39,58053,117],{"class":53},[39,58055,40974],{"class":120},[39,58057,917],{"class":53},[39,58059,58],{"class":57},[39,58061,61],{"class":53},[39,58063,64],{"class":57},[39,58065,3597],{"class":53},[39,58067,58068],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,58069,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,58071,58072,58074,58076,58078],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,58073,137],{"class":136},[39,58075,124],{"class":53},[39,58077,142],{"class":120},[39,58079,130],{"class":53},[20,58081,353],{},[30,58083,58084],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,58085,58086],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58087,58088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58089,46333],{"class":57},[160,58091,4671,58093],{"id":58092},"when-to-use-count",[15,58094,57009],{},[20,58096,154,58097,58099],{},[15,58098,57009],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58101,58102],{},"Good use cases:",[176,58104,58105,58108,58111],{},[179,58106,58107],{},"counting one specific item",[179,58109,58110],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[179,58112,58113],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58115,267],{},[30,58117,58119],{"className":32,"code":58118,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58120,58121,58162,58186,58190],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58122,58123,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58124,58125],{"class":45},"votes ",[39,58127,50],{"class":49},[39,58129,3327],{"class":53},[39,58131,562],{"class":517},[39,58133,8375],{"class":521},[39,58135,562],{"class":517},[39,58137,61],{"class":53},[39,58139,572],{"class":517},[39,58141,8315],{"class":521},[39,58143,562],{"class":517},[39,58145,61],{"class":53},[39,58147,572],{"class":517},[39,58149,8375],{"class":521},[39,58151,562],{"class":517},[39,58153,61],{"class":53},[39,58155,572],{"class":517},[39,58157,8375],{"class":521},[39,58159,562],{"class":517},[39,58161,3340],{"class":53},[39,58163,58164,58167,58169,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58165,58166],{"class":45},"yes_votes ",[39,58168,50],{"class":49},[39,58170,58171],{"class":45}," votes",[39,58173,117],{"class":53},[39,58175,40974],{"class":120},[39,58177,124],{"class":53},[39,58179,562],{"class":517},[39,58181,8375],{"class":521},[39,58183,562],{"class":517},[39,58185,130],{"class":53},[39,58187,58188],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,58189,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,58191,58192,58194,58196,58199],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,58193,137],{"class":136},[39,58195,124],{"class":53},[39,58197,58198],{"class":120},"yes_votes",[39,58200,130],{"class":53},[20,58202,58203,58205],{},[15,58204,57009],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58207,58208,58209,4104,58211,117],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[195,58210,52490],{"href":50697},[195,58212,58214],{"href":58213},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[160,58216,2537],{"id":2536},[20,58218,8164,58219,117],{},[15,58220,57014],{},[988,58222,58224],{"id":58223},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58226,58227,58229],{},[15,58228,57014],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[30,58231,58233],{"className":32,"code":58232,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58234,58235,58268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58236,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58238,3780],{"class":45},[39,58240,50],{"class":49},[39,58242,3327],{"class":53},[39,58244,562],{"class":517},[39,58246,58247],{"class":521},"apple pie",[39,58249,562],{"class":517},[39,58251,61],{"class":53},[39,58253,572],{"class":517},[39,58255,3798],{"class":521},[39,58257,562],{"class":517},[39,58259,61],{"class":53},[39,58261,572],{"class":517},[39,58263,58247],{"class":521},[39,58265,562],{"class":517},[39,58267,3340],{"class":53},[39,58269,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58271,137],{"class":136},[39,58273,124],{"class":53},[39,58275,3824],{"class":120},[39,58277,117],{"class":53},[39,58279,40974],{"class":120},[39,58281,124],{"class":53},[39,58283,562],{"class":517},[39,58285,3789],{"class":521},[39,58287,562],{"class":517},[39,58289,5073],{"class":53},[39,58291,50965],{"class":150},[20,58293,2195,58294,2199],{},[15,58295,1826],{},[20,58297,28770,58298,58300,58301,117],{},[15,58299,57552],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58302,58303],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58305,58306,58307,117],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58308,58309],{},"str.count()",[988,58311,8170,58313,8173,58315,1292,58317],{"id":58312},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58314,57009],{},[15,58316,3308],{},[15,58318,3379],{},[20,58320,58321,58323],{},[15,58322,57009],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[30,58325,58327],{"className":32,"code":58326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58328,58329,58353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58330,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58332,1379],{"class":45},[39,58334,50],{"class":49},[39,58336,3327],{"class":53},[39,58338,58],{"class":57},[39,58340,61],{"class":53},[39,58342,64],{"class":57},[39,58344,61],{"class":53},[39,58346,64],{"class":57},[39,58348,61],{"class":53},[39,58350,69],{"class":57},[39,58352,3340],{"class":53},[39,58354,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58356,137],{"class":136},[39,58358,124],{"class":53},[39,58360,1457],{"class":120},[39,58362,117],{"class":53},[39,58364,40974],{"class":120},[39,58366,124],{"class":53},[39,58368,85],{"class":57},[39,58370,5073],{"class":53},[39,58372,51133],{"class":150},[20,58374,58375],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[30,58377,58379],{"className":32,"code":58378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58380,58381],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58382,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58384,137],{"class":136},[39,58386,124],{"class":53},[39,58388,85],{"class":57},[39,58390,20881],{"class":3584},[39,58392,1433],{"class":120},[39,58394,3366],{"class":53},[39,58396,3369],{"class":150},[988,58398,58400],{"id":58399},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[30,58402,58404],{"className":32,"code":58403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58405,58406,58439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58407,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58435,58437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58409,4705],{"class":45},[39,58411,50],{"class":49},[39,58413,3327],{"class":53},[39,58415,562],{"class":517},[39,58417,7391],{"class":521},[39,58419,562],{"class":517},[39,58421,61],{"class":53},[39,58423,572],{"class":517},[39,58425,19925],{"class":521},[39,58427,562],{"class":517},[39,58429,61],{"class":53},[39,58431,572],{"class":517},[39,58433,58434],{"class":521},"SAM",[39,58436,562],{"class":517},[39,58438,3340],{"class":53},[39,58440,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58442,137],{"class":136},[39,58444,124],{"class":53},[39,58446,4749],{"class":120},[39,58448,117],{"class":53},[39,58450,40974],{"class":120},[39,58452,124],{"class":53},[39,58454,562],{"class":517},[39,58456,19925],{"class":521},[39,58458,562],{"class":517},[39,58460,5073],{"class":53},[39,58462,27488],{"class":150},[20,58464,58465,58466,58469],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58467,58468],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[988,58471,29359,58473,33258],{"id":58472},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58474,57009],{},[20,58476,58477],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[30,58479,58481],{"className":32,"code":58480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58482,58483,58493,58507,58525,58539,58551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58484,58485,58487,58489,58491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58486,137],{"class":136},[39,58488,124],{"class":53},[39,58490,8056],{"class":120},[39,58492,130],{"class":53},[39,58494,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58496,137],{"class":136},[39,58498,124],{"class":53},[39,58500,479],{"class":478},[39,58502,124],{"class":53},[39,58504,8056],{"class":120},[39,58506,486],{"class":53},[39,58508,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,58510,137],{"class":136},[39,58512,124],{"class":53},[39,58514,8056],{"class":120},[39,58516,117],{"class":53},[39,58518,40974],{"class":120},[39,58520,124],{"class":53},[39,58522,2179],{"class":120},[39,58524,486],{"class":53},[39,58526,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,58528,137],{"class":136},[39,58530,124],{"class":53},[39,58532,2154],{"class":120},[39,58534,3591],{"class":3584},[39,58536,8113],{"class":120},[39,58538,130],{"class":53},[39,58540,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,58542,5671],{"class":3584},[39,58544,5674],{"class":45},[39,58546,3591],{"class":3584},[39,58548,8113],{"class":45},[39,58550,6107],{"class":53},[39,58552,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,58554,7785],{"class":136},[39,58556,124],{"class":53},[39,58558,41494],{"class":136},[39,58560,124],{"class":53},[39,58562,23017],{"class":120},[39,58564,486],{"class":53},[20,58566,58567],{},"These checks can help you see:",[176,58569,58570,58573,58576],{},[179,58571,58572],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[179,58574,58575],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[179,58577,58578],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58580,58581],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[176,58583,58584,58589,58592,58599],{},[179,58585,50209,58586,58588],{},[15,58587,57009],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[179,58590,58591],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[179,58593,10821,58594,58596,58597],{},[15,58595,57014],{}," with string ",[15,58598,57009],{},[179,58600,58601],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[160,58603,1563],{"id":1562},[988,58605,1567,58607,58609],{"id":58606},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58608,57014],{}," change the list?",[20,58611,58612],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[988,58614,58616],{"id":58615},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58618,11623,58619,117],{},[15,58620,1826],{},[988,58622,1577,58624,58626],{"id":58623},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58625,57014],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58628,58629],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[988,58631,14612,58633,58635],{"id":58632},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58634,57014],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58637,41867,58638,4104,58640,58642],{},[15,58639,57555],{},[15,58641,57552],{}," are different values.",[988,58644,4869,58646,58648,58649,2199],{"id":58645},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58647,3308],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58650,58],{},[20,58652,8502,58653,58655,58656,4104,58658,58655,58660,117],{},[15,58654,3308],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58657,58],{},[15,58659,3379],{},[15,58661,1826],{},[160,58663,1613],{"id":1612},[176,58665,58666,58670,58676,58680,58688,58695],{},[179,58667,58668],{},[195,58669,52490],{"href":50697},[179,58671,58672],{},[195,58673,58675],{"href":58674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[179,58677,58678],{},[195,58679,6648],{"href":5911},[179,58681,58682],{},[195,58683,55239,58685,1627],{"href":58684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58686,58687],{},"index()",[179,58689,58690],{},[195,58691,13,58693],{"href":58692},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58694,42076],{},[179,58696,58697],{},[195,58698,58699],{"href":58213},"What is a list in Python",[1642,58701,58702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":58704},[58705,58706,58708,58709,58710,58716,58722,58724,58732,58743],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":57106,"depth":75,"text":58707},"What list.count() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733},{"id":57428,"depth":75,"text":57429,"children":58711},[58712,58713,58715],{"id":57460,"depth":99,"text":57461},{"id":57559,"depth":99,"text":58714},"1 and True can match",{"id":57658,"depth":99,"text":57659},{"id":57736,"depth":75,"text":57737,"children":58717},[58718,58719,58720,58721],{"id":57740,"depth":99,"text":57741},{"id":57819,"depth":99,"text":57820},{"id":57916,"depth":99,"text":57917},{"id":57991,"depth":99,"text":57992},{"id":58092,"depth":75,"text":58723},"When to use count()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":58725},[58726,58727,58729,58730],{"id":58223,"depth":99,"text":58224},{"id":58312,"depth":99,"text":58728},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58399,"depth":99,"text":58400},{"id":58472,"depth":99,"text":58731},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":58733},[58734,58736,58737,58739,58741],{"id":58606,"depth":99,"text":58735},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58615,"depth":99,"text":58616},{"id":58623,"depth":99,"text":58738},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58632,"depth":99,"text":58740},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58645,"depth":99,"text":58742},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57001,"description":58744},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58751,"title":58752,"body":58753,"description":60716,"extension":1670,"meta":60717,"navigation":102,"path":60718,"seo":60719,"stem":60720,"__hash__":60721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58754,"toc":60679},[58755,58758,58761,58763,58891,58895,58976,58987,58989,59008,59012,59015,59018,59036,59038,59081,59085,59110,59119,59123,59128,59131,59248,59252,59321,59325,59337,59341,59344,59385,59389,59402,59405,59490,59494,59527,59534,59540,59545,59547,59559,59563,59596,59600,59632,59636,59673,59677,59697,59701,59735,59739,59768,59779,59783,59786,59789,59802,59859,59863,59902,59908,59911,59913,59916,59920,59923,59948,59950,59975,59982,59985,60030,60034,60053,60056,60095,60102,60107,60141,60145,60246,60253,60286,60290,60316,60320,60323,60361,60364,60401,60405,60408,60427,60431,60492,60494,60512,60516,60519,60522,60551,60553,60557,60560,60568,60572,60575,60595,60601,60607,60611,60614,60621,60629,60631,60670,60676],[10,58756,58752],{"id":58757},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58759,58760],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[160,58762,3313],{"id":3312},[30,58764,58766],{"className":32,"code":58765,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58767,58768,58788,58820,58828,58846,58850,58860,58870,58881],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58769,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58771,1379],{"class":45},[39,58773,50],{"class":49},[39,58775,3327],{"class":53},[39,58777,58],{"class":57},[39,58779,61],{"class":53},[39,58781,64],{"class":57},[39,58783,61],{"class":53},[39,58785,69],{"class":57},[39,58787,3340],{"class":53},[39,58789,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58791,4705],{"class":45},[39,58793,50],{"class":49},[39,58795,3327],{"class":53},[39,58797,562],{"class":517},[39,58799,12593],{"class":521},[39,58801,562],{"class":517},[39,58803,61],{"class":53},[39,58805,572],{"class":517},[39,58807,35653],{"class":521},[39,58809,562],{"class":517},[39,58811,61],{"class":53},[39,58813,572],{"class":517},[39,58815,35662],{"class":521},[39,58817,562],{"class":517},[39,58819,3340],{"class":53},[39,58821,58822,58824,58826],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,58823,55650],{"class":45},[39,58825,50],{"class":49},[39,58827,7554],{"class":53},[39,58829,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,58831,35803],{"class":45},[39,58833,50],{"class":49},[39,58835,22266],{"class":478},[39,58837,124],{"class":53},[39,58839,562],{"class":517},[39,58841,41275],{"class":521},[39,58843,562],{"class":517},[39,58845,130],{"class":53},[39,58847,58848],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,58849,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,58851,58852,58854,58856,58858],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,58853,137],{"class":136},[39,58855,124],{"class":53},[39,58857,1457],{"class":120},[39,58859,130],{"class":53},[39,58861,58862,58864,58866,58868],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,58863,137],{"class":136},[39,58865,124],{"class":53},[39,58867,4749],{"class":120},[39,58869,130],{"class":53},[39,58871,58872,58874,58876,58879],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,58873,137],{"class":136},[39,58875,124],{"class":53},[39,58877,58878],{"class":120},"empty_list",[39,58880,130],{"class":53},[39,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,58884,137],{"class":136},[39,58886,124],{"class":53},[39,58888,35856],{"class":120},[39,58890,130],{"class":53},[20,58892,58893],{},[382,58894,353],{},[30,58896,58898],{"className":32,"code":58897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58899,58900,58916,58944,58948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58901,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58903,3609],{"class":53},[39,58905,58],{"class":57},[39,58907,61],{"class":53},[39,58909,64],{"class":57},[39,58911,61],{"class":53},[39,58913,69],{"class":57},[39,58915,3340],{"class":53},[39,58917,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,58919,3609],{"class":53},[39,58921,524],{"class":517},[39,58923,12593],{"class":521},[39,58925,524],{"class":517},[39,58927,61],{"class":53},[39,58929,518],{"class":517},[39,58931,35653],{"class":521},[39,58933,524],{"class":517},[39,58935,61],{"class":53},[39,58937,518],{"class":517},[39,58939,35662],{"class":521},[39,58941,524],{"class":517},[39,58943,3340],{"class":53},[39,58945,58946],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,58947,38010],{"class":53},[39,58949,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,58951,3609],{"class":53},[39,58953,524],{"class":517},[39,58955,195],{"class":521},[39,58957,524],{"class":517},[39,58959,61],{"class":53},[39,58961,518],{"class":517},[39,58963,127],{"class":521},[39,58965,524],{"class":517},[39,58967,61],{"class":53},[39,58969,518],{"class":517},[39,58971,9454],{"class":521},[39,58973,524],{"class":517},[39,58975,3340],{"class":53},[20,58977,58978,58979,58981,58982,58984,58985,117],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58980,3493],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58983,24488],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58986,35911],{},[160,58988,14872],{"id":14871},[176,58990,58991,58994,58997,59000,59005],{},[179,58992,58993],{},"What a list is in Python",[179,58995,58996],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[179,58998,58999],{},"How to create an empty list",[179,59001,59002,59003,2009],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59004,24488],{},[179,59006,59007],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[160,59009,59011],{"id":59010},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59013,59014],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59016,59017],{},"This means:",[176,59019,59020,59023,59026,59029],{},[179,59021,59022],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[179,59024,59025],{},"The order of items is kept",[179,59027,59028],{},"A list can hold different data types",[179,59030,59031,59032,59035],{},"A list is ",[382,59033,59034],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59037,267],{},[30,59039,59041],{"className":32,"code":59040,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59042,59043,59067,59071],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59044,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59046,7494],{"class":45},[39,59048,50],{"class":49},[39,59050,3327],{"class":53},[39,59052,562],{"class":517},[39,59054,3789],{"class":521},[39,59056,562],{"class":517},[39,59058,61],{"class":53},[39,59060,5718],{"class":57},[39,59062,61],{"class":53},[39,59064,3625],{"class":3559},[39,59066,3340],{"class":53},[39,59068,59069],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59070,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59072,59073,59075,59077,59079],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59074,137],{"class":136},[39,59076,124],{"class":53},[39,59078,7525],{"class":120},[39,59080,130],{"class":53},[20,59082,59083],{},[382,59084,353],{},[30,59086,59088],{"className":32,"code":59087,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59089,59090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59091,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59093,3609],{"class":53},[39,59095,524],{"class":517},[39,59097,3789],{"class":521},[39,59099,524],{"class":517},[39,59101,61],{"class":53},[39,59103,5718],{"class":57},[39,59105,61],{"class":53},[39,59107,3625],{"class":3559},[39,59109,3340],{"class":53},[20,59111,59112,59113,1292,59116,117],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[195,59114,59115],{"href":50697},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[195,59117,59118],{"href":58213},"What is a List in Python?",[160,59120,59122],{"id":59121},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59124,58978,59125,59127],{},[15,59126,3493],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59129,59130],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[30,59132,59134],{"className":32,"code":59133,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59135,59136,59156,59188,59213,59217,59227,59237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59137,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59139,1379],{"class":45},[39,59141,50],{"class":49},[39,59143,3327],{"class":53},[39,59145,58],{"class":57},[39,59147,61],{"class":53},[39,59149,64],{"class":57},[39,59151,61],{"class":53},[39,59153,69],{"class":57},[39,59155,3340],{"class":53},[39,59157,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59159,4705],{"class":45},[39,59161,50],{"class":49},[39,59163,3327],{"class":53},[39,59165,562],{"class":517},[39,59167,12593],{"class":521},[39,59169,562],{"class":517},[39,59171,61],{"class":53},[39,59173,572],{"class":517},[39,59175,35653],{"class":521},[39,59177,562],{"class":517},[39,59179,61],{"class":53},[39,59181,572],{"class":517},[39,59183,35662],{"class":521},[39,59185,562],{"class":517},[39,59187,3340],{"class":53},[39,59189,59190,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59191,59192],{"class":45},"mixed ",[39,59194,50],{"class":49},[39,59196,3327],{"class":53},[39,59198,2037],{"class":57},[39,59200,61],{"class":53},[39,59202,572],{"class":517},[39,59204,3552],{"class":521},[39,59206,562],{"class":517},[39,59208,61],{"class":53},[39,59210,3616],{"class":3559},[39,59212,3340],{"class":53},[39,59214,59215],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,59216,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59218,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,59220,137],{"class":136},[39,59222,124],{"class":53},[39,59224,1457],{"class":120},[39,59226,130],{"class":53},[39,59228,59229,59231,59233,59235],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,59230,137],{"class":136},[39,59232,124],{"class":53},[39,59234,4749],{"class":120},[39,59236,130],{"class":53},[39,59238,59239,59241,59243,59246],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,59240,137],{"class":136},[39,59242,124],{"class":53},[39,59244,59245],{"class":120},"mixed",[39,59247,130],{"class":53},[20,59249,59250],{},[382,59251,353],{},[30,59253,59255],{"className":32,"code":59254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59256,59257,59273,59301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59258,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59260,3609],{"class":53},[39,59262,58],{"class":57},[39,59264,61],{"class":53},[39,59266,64],{"class":57},[39,59268,61],{"class":53},[39,59270,69],{"class":57},[39,59272,3340],{"class":53},[39,59274,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59276,3609],{"class":53},[39,59278,524],{"class":517},[39,59280,12593],{"class":521},[39,59282,524],{"class":517},[39,59284,61],{"class":53},[39,59286,518],{"class":517},[39,59288,35653],{"class":521},[39,59290,524],{"class":517},[39,59292,61],{"class":53},[39,59294,518],{"class":517},[39,59296,35662],{"class":521},[39,59298,524],{"class":517},[39,59300,3340],{"class":53},[39,59302,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59304,3609],{"class":53},[39,59306,2037],{"class":57},[39,59308,61],{"class":53},[39,59310,518],{"class":517},[39,59312,3552],{"class":521},[39,59314,524],{"class":517},[39,59316,61],{"class":53},[39,59318,3616],{"class":3559},[39,59320,3340],{"class":53},[988,59322,59324],{"id":59323},"key-points","Key points",[176,59326,59327,59332,59334],{},[179,59328,154,59329,59331],{},[15,59330,3493],{}," to make a new list",[179,59333,15142],{},[179,59335,59336],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[160,59338,59340],{"id":59339},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59342,59343],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[30,59345,59347],{"className":32,"code":59346,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59348,59349,59357,59361,59371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59350,59351,59353,59355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59352,8025],{"class":45},[39,59354,50],{"class":49},[39,59356,7554],{"class":53},[39,59358,59359],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59360,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59362,59363,59365,59367,59369],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59364,137],{"class":136},[39,59366,124],{"class":53},[39,59368,8056],{"class":120},[39,59370,130],{"class":53},[39,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,59374,137],{"class":136},[39,59376,124],{"class":53},[39,59378,1361],{"class":136},[39,59380,124],{"class":53},[39,59382,8056],{"class":120},[39,59384,486],{"class":53},[20,59386,59387],{},[382,59388,353],{},[30,59390,59392],{"className":32,"code":59391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[]\n0\n",[15,59393,59394,59398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59395,59396],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59397,38010],{"class":53},[39,59399,59400],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59401,46968],{"class":57},[20,59403,59404],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[30,59406,59408],{"className":32,"code":59407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59409,59410,59418,59422,59440,59458,59476,59480],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59411,59412,59414,59416],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59413,4705],{"class":45},[39,59415,50],{"class":49},[39,59417,7554],{"class":53},[39,59419,59420],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59421,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59425,4749],{"class":45},[39,59427,117],{"class":53},[39,59429,13262],{"class":120},[39,59431,124],{"class":53},[39,59433,562],{"class":517},[39,59435,12593],{"class":521},[39,59437,562],{"class":517},[39,59439,130],{"class":53},[39,59441,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,59443,4749],{"class":45},[39,59445,117],{"class":53},[39,59447,13262],{"class":120},[39,59449,124],{"class":53},[39,59451,562],{"class":517},[39,59453,35653],{"class":521},[39,59455,562],{"class":517},[39,59457,130],{"class":53},[39,59459,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,59461,4749],{"class":45},[39,59463,117],{"class":53},[39,59465,13262],{"class":120},[39,59467,124],{"class":53},[39,59469,562],{"class":517},[39,59471,35662],{"class":521},[39,59473,562],{"class":517},[39,59475,130],{"class":53},[39,59477,59478],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,59479,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59481,59482,59484,59486,59488],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,59483,137],{"class":136},[39,59485,124],{"class":53},[39,59487,4749],{"class":120},[39,59489,130],{"class":53},[20,59491,59492],{},[382,59493,353],{},[30,59495,59497],{"className":32,"code":59496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59498,59499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59500,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59502,3609],{"class":53},[39,59504,524],{"class":517},[39,59506,12593],{"class":521},[39,59508,524],{"class":517},[39,59510,61],{"class":53},[39,59512,518],{"class":517},[39,59514,35653],{"class":521},[39,59516,524],{"class":517},[39,59518,61],{"class":53},[39,59520,518],{"class":517},[39,59522,35662],{"class":521},[39,59524,524],{"class":517},[39,59526,3340],{"class":53},[20,59528,59529,59530,117],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[195,59531,59532,1627],{"href":56488},[15,59533,52371],{},[160,59535,59537,59538],{"id":59536},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59539,24488],{},[20,59541,154,59542,59544],{},[15,59543,24488],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59546,5169],{},[176,59548,59549,59551,59553,59555],{},[179,59550,5020],{},[179,59552,5014],{},[179,59554,5017],{},[179,59556,59557],{},[15,59558,35911],{},[988,59560,59562],{"id":59561},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[30,59564,59566],{"className":32,"code":59565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59567,59568,59586],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59569,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59571,35803],{"class":45},[39,59573,50],{"class":49},[39,59575,22266],{"class":478},[39,59577,124],{"class":53},[39,59579,562],{"class":517},[39,59581,41275],{"class":521},[39,59583,562],{"class":517},[39,59585,130],{"class":53},[39,59587,59588,59590,59592,59594],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59589,137],{"class":136},[39,59591,124],{"class":53},[39,59593,35856],{"class":120},[39,59595,130],{"class":53},[20,59597,59598],{},[382,59599,353],{},[30,59601,59602],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,59603,59604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59605,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59607,3609],{"class":53},[39,59609,524],{"class":517},[39,59611,195],{"class":521},[39,59613,524],{"class":517},[39,59615,61],{"class":53},[39,59617,518],{"class":517},[39,59619,127],{"class":521},[39,59621,524],{"class":517},[39,59623,61],{"class":53},[39,59625,518],{"class":517},[39,59627,9454],{"class":521},[39,59629,524],{"class":517},[39,59631,3340],{"class":53},[988,59633,59635],{"id":59634},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[30,59637,59639],{"className":32,"code":59638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59640,59641,59663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59642,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59644,1379],{"class":45},[39,59646,50],{"class":49},[39,59648,22266],{"class":478},[39,59650,5223],{"class":53},[39,59652,58],{"class":57},[39,59654,61],{"class":53},[39,59656,64],{"class":57},[39,59658,61],{"class":53},[39,59660,69],{"class":57},[39,59662,486],{"class":53},[39,59664,59665,59667,59669,59671],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59666,137],{"class":136},[39,59668,124],{"class":53},[39,59670,1457],{"class":120},[39,59672,130],{"class":53},[20,59674,59675],{},[382,59676,353],{},[30,59678,59679],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,59680,59681],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59682,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59684,3609],{"class":53},[39,59686,58],{"class":57},[39,59688,61],{"class":53},[39,59690,64],{"class":57},[39,59692,61],{"class":53},[39,59694,69],{"class":57},[39,59696,3340],{"class":53},[988,59698,59700],{"id":59699},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[30,59702,59704],{"className":32,"code":59703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59705,59706,59725],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59707,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59719,59721,59723],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59709,3529],{"class":45},[39,59711,50],{"class":49},[39,59713,22266],{"class":478},[39,59715,124],{"class":53},[39,59717,59718],{"class":136},"range",[39,59720,124],{"class":53},[39,59722,1843],{"class":57},[39,59724,486],{"class":53},[39,59726,59727,59729,59731,59733],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59728,137],{"class":136},[39,59730,124],{"class":53},[39,59732,5070],{"class":120},[39,59734,130],{"class":53},[20,59736,59737],{},[382,59738,353],{},[30,59740,59742],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59743,59744],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59745,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59747,3609],{"class":53},[39,59749,1826],{"class":57},[39,59751,61],{"class":53},[39,59753,5210],{"class":57},[39,59755,61],{"class":53},[39,59757,64],{"class":57},[39,59759,61],{"class":53},[39,59761,69],{"class":57},[39,59763,61],{"class":53},[39,59765,94],{"class":57},[39,59767,3340],{"class":53},[20,59769,59770,59772,59773,117],{},[15,59771,24488],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[195,59774,59776,59778],{"href":59775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59777,24488],{},": Function Explained",[160,59780,59782],{"id":59781},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59784,59785],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59787,59788],{},"Examples include:",[176,59790,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799],{},[179,59792,5020],{},[179,59794,40138],{},[179,59796,51764],{},[179,59798,40308],{},[179,59800,59801],{},"other lists",[30,59803,59805],{"className":32,"code":59804,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59806,59807,59845,59849],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59808,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59810,8883],{"class":45},[39,59812,50],{"class":49},[39,59814,3327],{"class":53},[39,59816,562],{"class":517},[39,59818,12593],{"class":521},[39,59820,562],{"class":517},[39,59822,61],{"class":53},[39,59824,9022],{"class":57},[39,59826,61],{"class":53},[39,59828,3625],{"class":3559},[39,59830,61],{"class":53},[39,59832,3327],{"class":53},[39,59834,58],{"class":57},[39,59836,61],{"class":53},[39,59838,64],{"class":57},[39,59840,61],{"class":53},[39,59842,69],{"class":57},[39,59844,52961],{"class":53},[39,59846,59847],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59848,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,59850,59851,59853,59855,59857],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,59852,137],{"class":136},[39,59854,124],{"class":53},[39,59856,8922],{"class":120},[39,59858,130],{"class":53},[20,59860,59861],{},[382,59862,353],{},[30,59864,59866],{"className":32,"code":59865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59867,59868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59869,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59871,3609],{"class":53},[39,59873,524],{"class":517},[39,59875,12593],{"class":521},[39,59877,524],{"class":517},[39,59879,61],{"class":53},[39,59881,9022],{"class":57},[39,59883,61],{"class":53},[39,59885,3625],{"class":3559},[39,59887,61],{"class":53},[39,59889,3327],{"class":53},[39,59891,58],{"class":57},[39,59893,61],{"class":53},[39,59895,64],{"class":57},[39,59897,61],{"class":53},[39,59899,69],{"class":57},[39,59901,52961],{"class":53},[20,59903,59904,59905,117],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[382,59906,59907],{},"nested list",[20,59909,59910],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[160,59912,1244],{"id":1243},[20,59914,59915],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[988,59917,59919],{"id":59918},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59921,59922],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[30,59924,59926],{"className":32,"code":59925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59927,59928,59932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59929,59930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59931,4245],{"class":150},[39,59933,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,59935,1379],{"class":45},[39,59937,50],{"class":49},[39,59939,3327],{"class":53},[39,59941,58],{"class":57},[39,59943,64],{"class":57},[39,59945,69],{"class":57},[39,59947,3340],{"class":53},[20,59949,10521],{},[30,59951,59953],{"className":32,"code":59952,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59954,59955],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59956,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59958,1379],{"class":45},[39,59960,50],{"class":49},[39,59962,3327],{"class":53},[39,59964,58],{"class":57},[39,59966,61],{"class":53},[39,59968,64],{"class":57},[39,59970,61],{"class":53},[39,59972,69],{"class":57},[39,59974,3340],{"class":53},[988,59976,718,59978,10806,59980],{"id":59977},"using-instead-of",[15,59979,7079],{},[15,59981,3493],{},[20,59983,59984],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[30,59986,59988],{"className":32,"code":59987,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59989,59990,60011,60015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59991,59992,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59993,59994],{"class":45},"my_values ",[39,59996,50],{"class":49},[39,59998,933],{"class":53},[39,60000,58],{"class":57},[39,60002,61],{"class":53},[39,60004,64],{"class":57},[39,60006,61],{"class":53},[39,60008,69],{"class":57},[39,60010,130],{"class":53},[39,60012,60013],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60014,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,60016,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60028],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,60018,137],{"class":136},[39,60020,124],{"class":53},[39,60022,479],{"class":478},[39,60024,124],{"class":53},[39,60026,60027],{"class":120},"my_values",[39,60029,486],{"class":53},[20,60031,60032],{},[382,60033,353],{},[30,60035,60037],{"className":32,"code":60036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60038,60039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60040,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60042,510],{"class":49},[39,60044,514],{"class":513},[39,60046,518],{"class":517},[39,60048,48670],{"class":521},[39,60050,524],{"class":517},[39,60052,527],{"class":49},[20,60054,60055],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[30,60057,60059],{"className":32,"code":60058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60060,60061,60081],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60062,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60064,59994],{"class":45},[39,60066,50],{"class":49},[39,60068,3327],{"class":53},[39,60070,58],{"class":57},[39,60072,61],{"class":53},[39,60074,64],{"class":57},[39,60076,61],{"class":53},[39,60078,69],{"class":57},[39,60080,3340],{"class":53},[39,60082,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60084,137],{"class":136},[39,60086,124],{"class":53},[39,60088,479],{"class":478},[39,60090,124],{"class":53},[39,60092,60027],{"class":120},[39,60094,486],{"class":53},[988,60096,8170,60098,60101],{"id":60097},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60099,60100],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60103,60104,60106],{},[15,60105,24488],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[30,60108,60110],{"className":32,"code":60109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60111,60112,60131],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60113,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60127,60129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60115,109],{"class":45},[39,60117,50],{"class":49},[39,60119,22266],{"class":478},[39,60121,124],{"class":53},[39,60123,562],{"class":517},[39,60125,60126],{"class":521},"hello world",[39,60128,562],{"class":517},[39,60130,130],{"class":53},[39,60132,60133,60135,60137,60139],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60134,137],{"class":136},[39,60136,124],{"class":53},[39,60138,142],{"class":120},[39,60140,130],{"class":53},[20,60142,60143],{},[382,60144,353],{},[30,60146,60148],{"className":32,"code":60147,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60149,60150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60151,60152,60154,60156,60159,60161,60163,60165,60168,60170,60172,60174,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60153,3609],{"class":53},[39,60155,524],{"class":517},[39,60157,60158],{"class":521},"h",[39,60160,524],{"class":517},[39,60162,61],{"class":53},[39,60164,518],{"class":517},[39,60166,60167],{"class":521},"e",[39,60169,524],{"class":517},[39,60171,61],{"class":53},[39,60173,518],{"class":517},[39,60175,60176],{"class":521},"l",[39,60178,524],{"class":517},[39,60180,61],{"class":53},[39,60182,518],{"class":517},[39,60184,60176],{"class":521},[39,60186,524],{"class":517},[39,60188,61],{"class":53},[39,60190,518],{"class":517},[39,60192,60193],{"class":521},"o",[39,60195,524],{"class":517},[39,60197,61],{"class":53},[39,60199,518],{"class":517},[39,60201,518],{"class":517},[39,60203,61],{"class":53},[39,60205,518],{"class":517},[39,60207,60208],{"class":521},"w",[39,60210,524],{"class":517},[39,60212,61],{"class":53},[39,60214,518],{"class":517},[39,60216,60193],{"class":521},[39,60218,524],{"class":517},[39,60220,61],{"class":53},[39,60222,518],{"class":517},[39,60224,60225],{"class":521},"r",[39,60227,524],{"class":517},[39,60229,61],{"class":53},[39,60231,518],{"class":517},[39,60233,60176],{"class":521},[39,60235,524],{"class":517},[39,60237,61],{"class":53},[39,60239,518],{"class":517},[39,60241,18474],{"class":521},[39,60243,524],{"class":517},[39,60245,3340],{"class":53},[20,60247,60248,60249,60252],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60250,60251],{},"split()"," instead:",[30,60254,60256],{"className":32,"code":60255,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60257,60258,60276],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60259,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60261,3780],{"class":45},[39,60263,50],{"class":49},[39,60265,572],{"class":517},[39,60267,60126],{"class":521},[39,60269,562],{"class":517},[39,60271,117],{"class":53},[39,60273,34179],{"class":120},[39,60275,1609],{"class":53},[39,60277,60278,60280,60282,60284],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60279,137],{"class":136},[39,60281,124],{"class":53},[39,60283,3824],{"class":120},[39,60285,130],{"class":53},[20,60287,60288],{},[382,60289,353],{},[30,60291,60293],{"className":32,"code":60292,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60294,60295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60296,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309,60312,60314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60298,3609],{"class":53},[39,60300,524],{"class":517},[39,60302,3552],{"class":521},[39,60304,524],{"class":517},[39,60306,61],{"class":53},[39,60308,518],{"class":517},[39,60310,60311],{"class":521},"world",[39,60313,524],{"class":517},[39,60315,3340],{"class":53},[988,60317,60319],{"id":60318},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60321,60322],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[30,60324,60326],{"className":32,"code":60325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60327,60328,60332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60329,60330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60331,4245],{"class":150},[39,60333,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350,60353,60355,60357,60359],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60335,4705],{"class":45},[39,60337,50],{"class":49},[39,60339,3327],{"class":53},[39,60341,562],{"class":517},[39,60343,12593],{"class":521},[39,60345,562],{"class":517},[39,60347,61],{"class":53},[39,60349,572],{"class":517},[39,60351,60352],{"class":521},"Ben', ",[39,60354,562],{"class":517},[39,60356,35662],{"class":45},[39,60358,562],{"class":517},[39,60360,3340],{"class":521},[20,60362,60363],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[30,60365,60367],{"className":32,"code":60366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60368,60369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60370,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60372,4705],{"class":45},[39,60374,50],{"class":49},[39,60376,3327],{"class":53},[39,60378,562],{"class":517},[39,60380,12593],{"class":521},[39,60382,562],{"class":517},[39,60384,61],{"class":53},[39,60386,572],{"class":517},[39,60388,35653],{"class":521},[39,60390,562],{"class":517},[39,60392,61],{"class":53},[39,60394,572],{"class":517},[39,60396,35662],{"class":521},[39,60398,562],{"class":517},[39,60400,3340],{"class":53},[988,60402,60404],{"id":60403},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60406,60407],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[176,60409,60410,60413,60416,60421],{},[179,60411,60412],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[179,60414,60415],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[179,60417,60418,60419],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60420,24488],{},[179,60422,8170,60423,60426],{},[15,60424,60425],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[988,60428,60430],{"id":60429},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[30,60432,60434],{"className":32,"code":60433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60435,60436,60446,60460,60474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60437,60438,60440,60442,60444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60439,137],{"class":136},[39,60441,124],{"class":53},[39,60443,8056],{"class":120},[39,60445,130],{"class":53},[39,60447,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60449,137],{"class":136},[39,60451,124],{"class":53},[39,60453,479],{"class":478},[39,60455,124],{"class":53},[39,60457,8056],{"class":120},[39,60459,486],{"class":53},[39,60461,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,60463,137],{"class":136},[39,60465,124],{"class":53},[39,60467,1361],{"class":136},[39,60469,124],{"class":53},[39,60471,8056],{"class":120},[39,60473,486],{"class":53},[39,60475,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,60477,137],{"class":136},[39,60479,124],{"class":53},[39,60481,7810],{"class":478},[39,60483,124],{"class":53},[39,60485,59718],{"class":136},[39,60487,124],{"class":53},[39,60489,1843],{"class":57},[39,60491,2619],{"class":53},[20,60493,25716],{},[176,60495,60496,60499,60502,60505],{},[179,60497,60498],{},"what the list contains",[179,60500,60501],{},"whether the value is really a list",[179,60503,60504],{},"how many items it has",[179,60506,25727,60507,60509,60510],{},[15,60508,24488],{}," does with ",[15,60511,35911],{},[160,60513,60515],{"id":60514},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60517,60518],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60520,60521],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[176,60523,60524,60539,60544],{},[179,60525,154,60526,1896,60530,16781,60534,60538],{},[195,60527,60528],{"href":56488},[15,60529,52371],{},[195,60531,60532],{"href":53063},[15,60533,53165],{},[195,60535,60536],{"href":53627},[15,60537,53987],{}," to add items later",[179,60540,154,60541,60543],{},[195,60542,59115],{"href":50697}," for a broader introduction",[179,60545,154,60546,60550],{},[195,60547,60548,59778],{"href":59775},[15,60549,24488],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[160,60552,1563],{"id":1562},[988,60554,60556],{"id":60555},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60558,60559],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[30,60561,60562],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,60563,60564],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60565,60566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60567,38010],{"class":53},[988,60569,60571],{"id":60570},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60573,60574],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[30,60576,60577],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,60578,60579],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60580,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60582,3609],{"class":53},[39,60584,58],{"class":57},[39,60586,61],{"class":53},[39,60588,64],{"class":57},[39,60590,61],{"class":53},[39,60592,69],{"class":57},[39,60594,3340],{"class":53},[988,60596,4853,60598,60600],{"id":60597},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60599,24488],{}," do in Python?",[20,60602,60603,60604,60606],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60605,35911],{},", into a list.",[988,60608,60610],{"id":60609},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60612,60613],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[988,60615,4890,60617,4104,60619,2199],{"id":60616},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60618,3493],{},[15,60620,7079],{},[20,60622,60623,60625,60626,60628],{},[15,60624,3493],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60627,7079],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[160,60630,1613],{"id":1612},[176,60632,60633,60637,60643,60649,60655,60661,60665],{},[179,60634,60635],{},[195,60636,59115],{"href":50697},[179,60638,60639],{},[195,60640,55239,60641,18],{"href":56488},[15,60642,52371],{},[179,60644,60645],{},[195,60646,55239,60647,18],{"href":53063},[15,60648,53165],{},[179,60650,60651],{},[195,60652,55239,60653,18],{"href":53627},[15,60654,53987],{},[179,60656,60657],{},[195,60658,13,60659,3283],{"href":59775},[15,60660,24488],{},[179,60662,60663],{},[195,60664,59118],{"href":58213},[179,60666,60667],{},[195,60668,60669],{"href":11777},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60671,60672,60673,60675],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60674,52371],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1642,60677,60678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":60680},[60681,60682,60683,60684,60687,60688,60694,60695,60705,60706,60715],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":59010,"depth":75,"text":59011},{"id":59121,"depth":75,"text":59122,"children":60685},[60686],{"id":59323,"depth":99,"text":59324},{"id":59339,"depth":75,"text":59340},{"id":59536,"depth":75,"text":60689,"children":60690},"Create a list with list()",[60691,60692,60693],{"id":59561,"depth":99,"text":59562},{"id":59634,"depth":99,"text":59635},{"id":59699,"depth":99,"text":59700},{"id":59781,"depth":75,"text":59782},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":60696},[60697,60698,60700,60702,60703,60704],{"id":59918,"depth":99,"text":59919},{"id":59977,"depth":99,"text":60699},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60097,"depth":99,"text":60701},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60318,"depth":99,"text":60319},{"id":60403,"depth":99,"text":60404},{"id":60429,"depth":99,"text":60430},{"id":60514,"depth":75,"text":60515},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":60707},[60708,60709,60710,60712,60713],{"id":60555,"depth":99,"text":60556},{"id":60570,"depth":99,"text":60571},{"id":60597,"depth":99,"text":60711},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60609,"depth":99,"text":60610},{"id":60616,"depth":99,"text":60714},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58752,"description":60716},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60723,"title":60724,"body":60725,"description":62466,"extension":1670,"meta":62467,"navigation":102,"path":62468,"seo":62469,"stem":62470,"__hash__":62471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60726,"toc":62421},[60727,60732,60737,60740,60742,60813,60818,60823,60827,60841,60846,60848,60868,60873,60876,60899,60903,60908,61000,61002,61024,61030,61036,61043,61050,61056,61113,61119,61177,61179,61191,61199,61205,61210,61214,61271,61274,61278,61337,61340,61344,61402,61414,61418,61471,61474,61478,61484,61490,61552,61555,61616,61619,61675,61680,61682,61686,61693,61754,61759,61768,61824,61831,61835,61893,61902,61960,61964,61999,62003,62013,62016,62071,62085,62088,62203,62208,62212,62223,62225,62304,62314,62316,62321,62326,62333,62341,62347,62350,62356,62359,62365,62371,62373,62409,62418],[10,60728,54061,60730,18],{"id":60729},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60731,53165],{},[20,60733,60734,60736],{},[15,60735,53066],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60738,60739],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[160,60741,1711],{"id":1710},[30,60743,60745],{"className":32,"code":60744,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60746,60747,60763,60780,60784,60799,60809],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60748,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60750,1379],{"class":45},[39,60752,50],{"class":49},[39,60754,3327],{"class":53},[39,60756,58],{"class":57},[39,60758,61],{"class":53},[39,60760,64],{"class":57},[39,60762,3340],{"class":53},[39,60764,60765,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60766,60767],{"class":45},"more_numbers ",[39,60769,50],{"class":49},[39,60771,3327],{"class":53},[39,60773,307],{"class":57},[39,60775,61],{"class":53},[39,60777,94],{"class":57},[39,60779,3340],{"class":53},[39,60781,60782],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,60783,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,60785,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60797],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,60787,1457],{"class":45},[39,60789,117],{"class":53},[39,60791,53195],{"class":120},[39,60793,124],{"class":53},[39,60795,60796],{"class":120},"more_numbers",[39,60798,130],{"class":53},[39,60800,60801,60803,60805,60807],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,60802,137],{"class":136},[39,60804,124],{"class":53},[39,60806,1457],{"class":120},[39,60808,130],{"class":53},[39,60810,60811],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,60812,52442],{"class":150},[20,60814,154,60815,60817],{},[15,60816,53165],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[160,60819,3383,60821,3386],{"id":60820},"what-listextend-does",[15,60822,53066],{},[20,60824,60825,1250],{},[15,60826,53165],{},[176,60828,60829,60832,60834,60837],{},[179,60830,60831],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[179,60833,54147],{},[179,60835,60836],{},"Does not create a new list",[179,60838,11137,60839],{},[15,60840,3484],{},[20,60842,60843,60844,53520],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60845,53165],{},[160,60847,202],{"id":201},[30,60849,60851],{"className":32,"code":60850,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60852,60853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60854,60855,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60856,60857],{"class":45},"list_name",[39,60859,117],{"class":53},[39,60861,53195],{"class":120},[39,60863,124],{"class":53},[39,60865,3426],{"class":120},[39,60867,130],{"class":53},[20,60869,5164,60870,60872],{},[382,60871,3426],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60874,60875],{},"Common iterables include:",[176,60877,60878,60882,60886,60890,60895],{},[179,60879,60880],{},[15,60881,7810],{},[179,60883,60884],{},[15,60885,48670],{},[179,60887,60888],{},[15,60889,384],{},[179,60891,60892],{},[15,60893,60894],{},"string",[179,60896,60897],{},[15,60898,59718],{},[160,60900,60902],{"id":60901},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60904,60905,60906,1250],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60907,53165],{},[30,60909,60911],{"className":32,"code":60910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60912,60913,60937,60962,60966,60981,60985,60995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60914,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60916,35952],{"class":45},[39,60918,50],{"class":49},[39,60920,3327],{"class":53},[39,60922,562],{"class":517},[39,60924,3789],{"class":521},[39,60926,562],{"class":517},[39,60928,61],{"class":53},[39,60930,572],{"class":517},[39,60932,3798],{"class":521},[39,60934,562],{"class":517},[39,60936,3340],{"class":53},[39,60938,60939,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,60940,60941],{"class":45},"more_fruits ",[39,60943,50],{"class":49},[39,60945,3327],{"class":53},[39,60947,562],{"class":517},[39,60949,32930],{"class":521},[39,60951,562],{"class":517},[39,60953,61],{"class":53},[39,60955,572],{"class":517},[39,60957,22239],{"class":521},[39,60959,562],{"class":517},[39,60961,3340],{"class":53},[39,60963,60964],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,60965,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,60967,60968,60970,60972,60974,60976,60979],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,60969,36004],{"class":45},[39,60971,117],{"class":53},[39,60973,53195],{"class":120},[39,60975,124],{"class":53},[39,60977,60978],{"class":120},"more_fruits",[39,60980,130],{"class":53},[39,60982,60983],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,60984,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,60986,60987,60989,60991,60993],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,60988,137],{"class":136},[39,60990,124],{"class":53},[39,60992,36004],{"class":120},[39,60994,130],{"class":53},[39,60996,60997],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,60998,60999],{"class":150},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61001,692],{},[176,61003,61004,61009,61014],{},[179,61005,61006,61008],{},[15,61007,36004],{}," starts with two items",[179,61010,61011,61013],{},[15,61012,60978],{}," has two more items",[179,61015,61016,61018,61019,61021,61022],{},[15,61017,53165],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61020,60978],{}," to ",[15,61023,36004],{},[20,61025,61026,61027,61029],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61028,36004],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61031,54286,61032,4104,61034,117],{},[195,61033,52490],{"href":50697},[195,61035,56873],{"href":56872},[160,61037,61039,980,61041],{"id":61038},"extend-vs-append",[15,61040,53165],{},[15,61042,52371],{},[20,61044,61045,4104,61047,61049],{},[15,61046,53165],{},[15,61048,52371],{}," are often confused.",[988,61051,61053,61055],{"id":61052},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61054,53165],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[30,61057,61059],{"className":32,"code":61058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61060,61061,61077,61095,61099,61109],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61062,61063,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61064,1379],{"class":45},[39,61066,50],{"class":49},[39,61068,3327],{"class":53},[39,61070,58],{"class":57},[39,61072,61],{"class":53},[39,61074,64],{"class":57},[39,61076,3340],{"class":53},[39,61078,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61080,1457],{"class":45},[39,61082,117],{"class":53},[39,61084,53195],{"class":120},[39,61086,917],{"class":53},[39,61088,307],{"class":57},[39,61090,61],{"class":53},[39,61092,94],{"class":57},[39,61094,3597],{"class":53},[39,61096,61097],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61098,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61100,61101,61103,61105,61107],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61102,137],{"class":136},[39,61104,124],{"class":53},[39,61106,1457],{"class":120},[39,61108,130],{"class":53},[39,61110,61111],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61112,52442],{"class":150},[988,61114,61116,61118],{"id":61115},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61117,52371],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[30,61120,61122],{"className":32,"code":61121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61123,61124,61140,61158,61162,61172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61125,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61127,1379],{"class":45},[39,61129,50],{"class":49},[39,61131,3327],{"class":53},[39,61133,58],{"class":57},[39,61135,61],{"class":53},[39,61137,64],{"class":57},[39,61139,3340],{"class":53},[39,61141,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61143,1457],{"class":45},[39,61145,117],{"class":53},[39,61147,13262],{"class":120},[39,61149,917],{"class":53},[39,61151,307],{"class":57},[39,61153,61],{"class":53},[39,61155,94],{"class":57},[39,61157,3597],{"class":53},[39,61159,61160],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61161,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61163,61164,61166,61168,61170],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61165,137],{"class":136},[39,61167,124],{"class":53},[39,61169,1457],{"class":120},[39,61171,130],{"class":53},[39,61173,61174],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61175,61176],{"class":150},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61178,18401],{},[176,61180,61181,61186],{},[179,61182,61183,61185],{},[15,61184,53165],{}," to combine values",[179,61187,61188,61190],{},[15,61189,52371],{}," to add one item",[20,61192,41808,61193,4104,61197,117],{},[195,61194,55239,61195,1627],{"href":56488},[15,61196,52371],{},[195,61198,52768],{"href":52767},[160,61200,718,61202,61204],{"id":61201},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61203,53165],{}," with different iterables",[20,61206,61207,61209],{},[15,61208,53165],{}," works with more than just lists.",[988,61211,61213],{"id":61212},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[30,61215,61217],{"className":32,"code":61216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61218,61219,61235,61253,61257,61267],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61220,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61222,3529],{"class":45},[39,61224,50],{"class":49},[39,61226,3327],{"class":53},[39,61228,58],{"class":57},[39,61230,61],{"class":53},[39,61232,64],{"class":57},[39,61234,3340],{"class":53},[39,61236,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61238,5070],{"class":45},[39,61240,117],{"class":53},[39,61242,53195],{"class":120},[39,61244,5223],{"class":53},[39,61246,307],{"class":57},[39,61248,61],{"class":53},[39,61250,94],{"class":57},[39,61252,486],{"class":53},[39,61254,61255],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61256,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61258,61259,61261,61263,61265],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61260,137],{"class":136},[39,61262,124],{"class":53},[39,61264,5070],{"class":120},[39,61266,130],{"class":53},[39,61268,61269],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61270,52442],{"class":150},[20,61272,61273],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[988,61275,61277],{"id":61276},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[30,61279,61281],{"className":32,"code":61280,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61282,61283,61299,61318,61322,61332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61284,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61286,35803],{"class":45},[39,61288,50],{"class":49},[39,61290,3327],{"class":53},[39,61292,562],{"class":517},[39,61294,195],{"class":521},[39,61296,562],{"class":517},[39,61298,3340],{"class":53},[39,61300,61301,61303,61305,61307,61309,61311,61314,61316],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61302,35856],{"class":45},[39,61304,117],{"class":53},[39,61306,53195],{"class":120},[39,61308,124],{"class":53},[39,61310,562],{"class":517},[39,61312,61313],{"class":521},"bc",[39,61315,562],{"class":517},[39,61317,130],{"class":53},[39,61319,61320],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61321,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61325,137],{"class":136},[39,61327,124],{"class":53},[39,61329,35856],{"class":120},[39,61331,130],{"class":53},[39,61333,61334],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61335,61336],{"class":150},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61338,61339],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[988,61341,61343],{"id":61342},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[30,61345,61347],{"className":32,"code":61346,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61348,61349,61361,61383,61387,61397],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61350,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61352,1379],{"class":45},[39,61354,50],{"class":49},[39,61356,3327],{"class":53},[39,61358,1826],{"class":57},[39,61360,3340],{"class":53},[39,61362,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61364,1457],{"class":45},[39,61366,117],{"class":53},[39,61368,53195],{"class":120},[39,61370,124],{"class":53},[39,61372,59718],{"class":136},[39,61374,124],{"class":53},[39,61376,58],{"class":57},[39,61378,61],{"class":53},[39,61380,94],{"class":57},[39,61382,486],{"class":53},[39,61384,61385],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61386,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61388,61389,61391,61393,61395],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61390,137],{"class":136},[39,61392,124],{"class":53},[39,61394,1457],{"class":120},[39,61396,130],{"class":53},[39,61398,61399],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61400,61401],{"class":150},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61403,61404,61407,61408,1896,61410,16781,61412,117],{},[15,61405,61406],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61409,58],{},[15,61411,85],{},[15,61413,307],{},[988,61415,61417],{"id":61416},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[30,61419,61421],{"className":32,"code":61420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61422,61423,61439,61457,61461],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61424,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61426,7494],{"class":45},[39,61428,50],{"class":49},[39,61430,3327],{"class":53},[39,61432,58],{"class":57},[39,61434,61],{"class":53},[39,61436,64],{"class":57},[39,61438,3340],{"class":53},[39,61440,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61442,7525],{"class":45},[39,61444,117],{"class":53},[39,61446,53195],{"class":120},[39,61448,5242],{"class":53},[39,61450,307],{"class":57},[39,61452,61],{"class":53},[39,61454,94],{"class":57},[39,61456,30205],{"class":53},[39,61458,61459],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61460,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61462,61463,61465,61467,61469],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61464,137],{"class":136},[39,61466,124],{"class":53},[39,61468,7525],{"class":120},[39,61470,130],{"class":53},[20,61472,61473],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[160,61475,61477],{"id":61476},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61479,61480,2104,61482,117],{},[15,61481,53165],{},[15,61483,3484],{},[20,61485,61486,61487,1250],{},"That means this is ",[382,61488,61489],{},"wrong",[30,61491,61493],{"className":32,"code":61492,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61494,61495,61511,61533,61537,61547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61498,1379],{"class":45},[39,61500,50],{"class":49},[39,61502,3327],{"class":53},[39,61504,58],{"class":57},[39,61506,61],{"class":53},[39,61508,64],{"class":57},[39,61510,3340],{"class":53},[39,61512,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61514,109],{"class":45},[39,61516,50],{"class":49},[39,61518,1433],{"class":45},[39,61520,117],{"class":53},[39,61522,53195],{"class":120},[39,61524,917],{"class":53},[39,61526,307],{"class":57},[39,61528,61],{"class":53},[39,61530,94],{"class":57},[39,61532,3597],{"class":53},[39,61534,61535],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61536,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61538,61539,61541,61543,61545],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61540,137],{"class":136},[39,61542,124],{"class":53},[39,61544,142],{"class":120},[39,61546,130],{"class":53},[39,61548,61549],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61550,61551],{"class":150},"# None\n",[20,61553,61554],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[30,61556,61558],{"className":32,"code":61557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61559,61560,61576,61598,61602,61612],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61561,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61563,1379],{"class":45},[39,61565,50],{"class":49},[39,61567,3327],{"class":53},[39,61569,58],{"class":57},[39,61571,61],{"class":53},[39,61573,64],{"class":57},[39,61575,3340],{"class":53},[39,61577,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61579,1379],{"class":45},[39,61581,50],{"class":49},[39,61583,1433],{"class":45},[39,61585,117],{"class":53},[39,61587,53195],{"class":120},[39,61589,917],{"class":53},[39,61591,307],{"class":57},[39,61593,61],{"class":53},[39,61595,94],{"class":57},[39,61597,3597],{"class":53},[39,61599,61600],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61601,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61603,61604,61606,61608,61610],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61605,137],{"class":136},[39,61607,124],{"class":53},[39,61609,1457],{"class":120},[39,61611,130],{"class":53},[39,61613,61614],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61615,61551],{"class":150},[20,61617,61618],{},"The correct way is:",[30,61620,61621],{"className":32,"code":61058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,61622,61623,61639,61657,61661,61671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61624,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61626,1379],{"class":45},[39,61628,50],{"class":49},[39,61630,3327],{"class":53},[39,61632,58],{"class":57},[39,61634,61],{"class":53},[39,61636,64],{"class":57},[39,61638,3340],{"class":53},[39,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61642,1457],{"class":45},[39,61644,117],{"class":53},[39,61646,53195],{"class":120},[39,61648,917],{"class":53},[39,61650,307],{"class":57},[39,61652,61],{"class":53},[39,61654,94],{"class":57},[39,61656,3597],{"class":53},[39,61658,61659],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61660,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61664,137],{"class":136},[39,61666,124],{"class":53},[39,61668,1457],{"class":120},[39,61670,130],{"class":53},[39,61672,61673],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61674,52442],{"class":150},[20,61676,55628,61677,61679],{},[15,61678,53165],{}," first, then use the original list.",[160,61681,1244],{"id":1243},[20,61683,1247,61684,117],{},[15,61685,53165],{},[988,61687,61689,61690,61692],{"id":61688},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61691,53165],{}," to return a new list",[30,61694,61696],{"className":32,"code":61695,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61697,61698,61714,61736,61740,61750],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61699,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61701,1379],{"class":45},[39,61703,50],{"class":49},[39,61705,3327],{"class":53},[39,61707,58],{"class":57},[39,61709,61],{"class":53},[39,61711,64],{"class":57},[39,61713,3340],{"class":53},[39,61715,61716,61718,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61717,55361],{"class":45},[39,61719,50],{"class":49},[39,61721,1433],{"class":45},[39,61723,117],{"class":53},[39,61725,53195],{"class":120},[39,61727,917],{"class":53},[39,61729,307],{"class":57},[39,61731,61],{"class":53},[39,61733,94],{"class":57},[39,61735,3597],{"class":53},[39,61737,61738],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61739,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61741,61742,61744,61746,61748],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61743,137],{"class":136},[39,61745,124],{"class":53},[39,61747,55380],{"class":120},[39,61749,130],{"class":53},[39,61751,61752],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61753,61551],{"class":150},[20,61755,61756,61757,117],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61758,53165],{},[988,61760,61762,61763,44345,61765,61767],{"id":61761},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61764,52371],{},[15,61766,53165],{}," is needed",[30,61769,61770],{"className":32,"code":61121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,61771,61772,61788,61806,61810,61820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61773,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61775,1379],{"class":45},[39,61777,50],{"class":49},[39,61779,3327],{"class":53},[39,61781,58],{"class":57},[39,61783,61],{"class":53},[39,61785,64],{"class":57},[39,61787,3340],{"class":53},[39,61789,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61791,1457],{"class":45},[39,61793,117],{"class":53},[39,61795,13262],{"class":120},[39,61797,917],{"class":53},[39,61799,307],{"class":57},[39,61801,61],{"class":53},[39,61803,94],{"class":57},[39,61805,3597],{"class":53},[39,61807,61808],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61809,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61811,61812,61814,61816,61818],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61813,137],{"class":136},[39,61815,124],{"class":53},[39,61817,1457],{"class":120},[39,61819,130],{"class":53},[39,61821,61822],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61823,61176],{"class":150},[20,61825,61826,61827,53610,61829,6343],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61828,53609],{},[15,61830,53165],{},[988,61832,61834],{"id":61833},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[30,61836,61838],{"className":32,"code":61837,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61839,61840,61856,61874,61878,61888],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61843,3780],{"class":45},[39,61845,50],{"class":49},[39,61847,3327],{"class":53},[39,61849,562],{"class":517},[39,61851,3552],{"class":521},[39,61853,562],{"class":517},[39,61855,3340],{"class":53},[39,61857,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61859,3824],{"class":45},[39,61861,117],{"class":53},[39,61863,53195],{"class":120},[39,61865,124],{"class":53},[39,61867,562],{"class":517},[39,61869,60311],{"class":521},[39,61871,562],{"class":517},[39,61873,130],{"class":53},[39,61875,61876],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61877,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61879,61880,61882,61884,61886],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61881,137],{"class":136},[39,61883,124],{"class":53},[39,61885,3824],{"class":120},[39,61887,130],{"class":53},[39,61889,61890],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61891,61892],{"class":150},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61894,61895,61896,61899,61900,1250],{},"If you want ",[15,61897,61898],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61901,52371],{},[30,61903,61905],{"className":32,"code":61904,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61906,61907,61923,61941,61945,61955],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61908,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61910,3780],{"class":45},[39,61912,50],{"class":49},[39,61914,3327],{"class":53},[39,61916,562],{"class":517},[39,61918,3552],{"class":521},[39,61920,562],{"class":517},[39,61922,3340],{"class":53},[39,61924,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61926,3824],{"class":45},[39,61928,117],{"class":53},[39,61930,13262],{"class":120},[39,61932,124],{"class":53},[39,61934,562],{"class":517},[39,61936,60311],{"class":521},[39,61938,562],{"class":517},[39,61940,130],{"class":53},[39,61942,61943],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,61944,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,61946,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,61948,137],{"class":136},[39,61950,124],{"class":53},[39,61952,3824],{"class":120},[39,61954,130],{"class":53},[39,61956,61957],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,61958,61959],{"class":150},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[988,61961,61963],{"id":61962},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[30,61965,61967],{"className":32,"code":61966,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61968,61969,61985],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61970,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61972,1379],{"class":45},[39,61974,50],{"class":49},[39,61976,3327],{"class":53},[39,61978,58],{"class":57},[39,61980,61],{"class":53},[39,61982,64],{"class":57},[39,61984,3340],{"class":53},[39,61986,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,61988,1457],{"class":45},[39,61990,117],{"class":53},[39,61992,53195],{"class":120},[39,61994,124],{"class":53},[39,61996,1843],{"class":57},[39,61998,130],{"class":53},[20,62000,39367,62001,6263],{},[15,62002,1843],{},[20,62004,62005,62006,62008,62009,62012],{},"You will get a ",[15,62007,2711],{},". See ",[195,62010,62011],{"href":52318},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62014,62015],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[30,62017,62019],{"className":32,"code":62018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62020,62021,62031,62045,62057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62022,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62024,137],{"class":136},[39,62026,124],{"class":53},[39,62028,8056],{"class":120},[39,62030,130],{"class":53},[39,62032,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62034,137],{"class":136},[39,62036,124],{"class":53},[39,62038,479],{"class":478},[39,62040,124],{"class":53},[39,62042,5070],{"class":120},[39,62044,486],{"class":53},[39,62046,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,62048,137],{"class":136},[39,62050,124],{"class":53},[39,62052,142],{"class":120},[39,62054,3366],{"class":53},[39,62056,130],{"class":45},[39,62058,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067,62069],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,62060,31861],{"class":136},[39,62062,124],{"class":53},[39,62064,7810],{"class":478},[39,62066,117],{"class":53},[39,62068,53195],{"class":24457},[39,62070,130],{"class":53},[43295,62072,62073],{},[20,62074,62075,62076,62079,62080,62082,62083,117],{},"Note: ",[15,62077,62078],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62081,3366],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62084,32736],{},[20,62086,62087],{},"Correct debugging example:",[30,62089,62091],{"className":32,"code":62090,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62092,62093,62109,62125,62129,62143,62147,62155,62165,62179,62189],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62094,62095,62097,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62096,8025],{"class":45},[39,62098,50],{"class":49},[39,62100,3327],{"class":53},[39,62102,58],{"class":57},[39,62104,61],{"class":53},[39,62106,64],{"class":57},[39,62108,3340],{"class":53},[39,62110,62111,62113,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62112,3529],{"class":45},[39,62114,50],{"class":49},[39,62116,3327],{"class":53},[39,62118,307],{"class":57},[39,62120,61],{"class":53},[39,62122,94],{"class":57},[39,62124,3340],{"class":53},[39,62126,62127],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,62128,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62130,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,62132,8056],{"class":45},[39,62134,117],{"class":53},[39,62136,53195],{"class":120},[39,62138,124],{"class":53},[39,62140,5070],{"class":120},[39,62142,130],{"class":53},[39,62144,62145],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,62146,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62148,62149,62151,62153],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,62150,109],{"class":45},[39,62152,50],{"class":49},[39,62154,48244],{"class":3559},[39,62156,62157,62159,62161,62163],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,62158,137],{"class":136},[39,62160,124],{"class":53},[39,62162,8056],{"class":120},[39,62164,130],{"class":53},[39,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,62168,137],{"class":136},[39,62170,124],{"class":53},[39,62172,479],{"class":478},[39,62174,124],{"class":53},[39,62176,5070],{"class":120},[39,62178,486],{"class":53},[39,62180,62181,62183,62185,62187],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,62182,137],{"class":136},[39,62184,124],{"class":53},[39,62186,142],{"class":120},[39,62188,130],{"class":53},[39,62190,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,62192,31861],{"class":136},[39,62194,124],{"class":53},[39,62196,7810],{"class":478},[39,62198,117],{"class":53},[39,62200,53195],{"class":24457},[39,62202,130],{"class":53},[160,62204,4671,62206],{"id":62205},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62207,53165],{},[20,62209,154,62210,6031],{},[15,62211,53165],{},[176,62213,62214,62217,62220],{},[179,62215,62216],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[179,62218,62219],{},"Add multiple values at once",[179,62221,62222],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62224,5184],{},[30,62226,62228],{"className":32,"code":62227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62229,62230,62247,62265,62269,62285,62289,62299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62231,62232,62235,62237,62239,62241,62243,62245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62233,62234],{"class":45},"all_scores ",[39,62236,50],{"class":49},[39,62238,3327],{"class":53},[39,62240,13211],{"class":57},[39,62242,61],{"class":53},[39,62244,13216],{"class":57},[39,62246,3340],{"class":53},[39,62248,62249,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260,62263],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62250,62251],{"class":45},"new_scores ",[39,62253,50],{"class":49},[39,62255,3327],{"class":53},[39,62257,51223],{"class":57},[39,62259,61],{"class":53},[39,62261,62262],{"class":57}," 92",[39,62264,3340],{"class":53},[39,62266,62267],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,62268,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62270,62271,62274,62276,62278,62280,62283],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,62272,62273],{"class":45},"all_scores",[39,62275,117],{"class":53},[39,62277,53195],{"class":120},[39,62279,124],{"class":53},[39,62281,62282],{"class":120},"new_scores",[39,62284,130],{"class":53},[39,62286,62287],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,62288,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62290,62291,62293,62295,62297],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,62292,137],{"class":136},[39,62294,124],{"class":53},[39,62296,62273],{"class":120},[39,62298,130],{"class":53},[39,62300,62301],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,62302,62303],{"class":150},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62305,62306,62307,62309,62310,117],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62308,52371],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[195,62311,55239,62312,1627],{"href":53627},[15,62313,53987],{},[160,62315,1563],{"id":1562},[988,62317,1567,62319,55188],{"id":62318},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62320,53066],{},[20,62322,62323,62324,117],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62325,3484],{},[988,62327,4890,62329,4104,62331,2199],{"id":62328},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62330,53165],{},[15,62332,52371],{},[20,62334,62335,62337,62338,62340],{},[15,62336,53165],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62339,52371],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[988,62342,28037,62344,62346],{"id":62343},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62345,53165],{}," with a string?",[20,62348,62349],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[988,62351,28037,62353,62355],{"id":62352},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62354,53165],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62357,62358],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[988,62360,62362,62363,2199],{"id":62361},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62364,53165],{},[20,62366,62367,62368,62370],{},"You get a ",[15,62369,2711],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[160,62372,1613],{"id":1612},[176,62374,62375,62381,62385,62389,62393,62399,62403],{},[179,62376,62377],{},[195,62378,55239,62379,1627],{"href":56488},[15,62380,52371],{},[179,62382,62383],{},[195,62384,53997],{"href":52767},[179,62386,62387],{},[195,62388,56947],{"href":56872},[179,62390,62391],{},[195,62392,52490],{"href":50697},[179,62394,62395],{},[195,62396,55239,62397,1627],{"href":53627},[15,62398,53987],{},[179,62400,62401],{},[195,62402,62011],{"href":52318},[179,62404,62405],{},[195,62406,55239,62407,1627],{"href":54679},[15,62408,12489],{},[20,62410,62411,62412,62414,62415,62417],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62413,52371],{},", when to use ",[15,62416,53987],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1642,62419,62420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":62422},[62423,62424,62426,62427,62428,62435,62442,62443,62451,62453,62465],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":60820,"depth":75,"text":62425},"What list.extend() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":60901,"depth":75,"text":60902},{"id":61038,"depth":75,"text":62429,"children":62430},"extend() vs append()",[62431,62433],{"id":61052,"depth":99,"text":62432},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61115,"depth":99,"text":62434},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61201,"depth":75,"text":62436,"children":62437},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62438,62439,62440,62441],{"id":61212,"depth":99,"text":61213},{"id":61276,"depth":99,"text":61277},{"id":61342,"depth":99,"text":61343},{"id":61416,"depth":99,"text":61417},{"id":61476,"depth":75,"text":61477},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":62444},[62445,62447,62449,62450],{"id":61688,"depth":99,"text":62446},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61761,"depth":99,"text":62448},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61833,"depth":99,"text":61834},{"id":61962,"depth":99,"text":61963},{"id":62205,"depth":75,"text":62452},"When to use extend()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":62454},[62455,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"id":62318,"depth":99,"text":62456},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62328,"depth":99,"text":62458},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62343,"depth":99,"text":62460},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62352,"depth":99,"text":62462},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62361,"depth":99,"text":62464},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60724,"description":62466},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62473,"title":62474,"body":62475,"description":64566,"extension":1670,"meta":64567,"navigation":102,"path":64568,"seo":64569,"stem":64570,"__hash__":64571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62476,"toc":64529},[62477,62480,62485,62491,62502,62508,62510,62579,62581,62630,62638,62642,62647,62650,62661,62666,62668,62670,62691,62704,62707,62720,62722,62727,62752,62754,62762,62765,62834,62836,62860,62866,62870,62874,62910,62912,62932,62939,62943,62976,62978,63012,63017,63021,63054,63056,63084,63092,63096,63133,63135,63156,63159,63163,63232,63234,63258,63264,63271,63275,63278,63280,63294,63297,63321,63323,63348,63351,63370,63372,63398,63407,63411,63418,63495,63497,63538,63544,63550,63641,63643,63699,63702,63707,63711,63716,63720,63779,63781,63806,63810,63873,63875,63900,63904,63967,63969,64012,64015,64019,64023,64045,64049,64131,64133,64168,64176,64178,64182,64186,64188,64215,64220,64222,64249,64256,64259,64282,64284,64333,64336,64339,64358,64362,64365,64416,64419,64425,64429,64434,64437,64439,64445,64454,64458,64464,64468,64471,64475,64478,64482,64488,64490,64526],[10,62478,62474],{"id":62479},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62481,8840,62482,62484],{},[15,62483,24488],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62486,62487,62488,62490],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62489,24488],{}," for two main reasons:",[176,62492,62493,62496],{},[179,62494,62495],{},"to make an empty list",[179,62497,62498,62499,62501],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62500,59718],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62503,62504,62505,62507],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62506,24488],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[160,62509,1711],{"id":1710},[30,62511,62513],{"className":32,"code":62512,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62514,62515,62537,62555,62559,62569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62516,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62518,1379],{"class":45},[39,62520,50],{"class":49},[39,62522,22266],{"class":478},[39,62524,5223],{"class":53},[39,62526,58],{"class":57},[39,62528,61],{"class":53},[39,62530,64],{"class":57},[39,62532,61],{"class":53},[39,62534,69],{"class":57},[39,62536,486],{"class":53},[39,62538,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62540,35803],{"class":45},[39,62542,50],{"class":49},[39,62544,22266],{"class":478},[39,62546,124],{"class":53},[39,62548,562],{"class":517},[39,62550,41275],{"class":521},[39,62552,562],{"class":517},[39,62554,130],{"class":53},[39,62556,62557],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,62558,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62560,62561,62563,62565,62567],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,62562,137],{"class":136},[39,62564,124],{"class":53},[39,62566,1457],{"class":120},[39,62568,130],{"class":53},[39,62570,62571,62573,62575,62577],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,62572,137],{"class":136},[39,62574,124],{"class":53},[39,62576,35856],{"class":120},[39,62578,130],{"class":53},[20,62580,353],{},[30,62582,62584],{"className":32,"code":62583,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62585,62586,62602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62587,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62589,3609],{"class":53},[39,62591,58],{"class":57},[39,62593,61],{"class":53},[39,62595,64],{"class":57},[39,62597,61],{"class":53},[39,62599,69],{"class":57},[39,62601,3340],{"class":53},[39,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62605,3609],{"class":53},[39,62607,524],{"class":517},[39,62609,195],{"class":521},[39,62611,524],{"class":517},[39,62613,61],{"class":53},[39,62615,518],{"class":517},[39,62617,127],{"class":521},[39,62619,524],{"class":517},[39,62621,61],{"class":53},[39,62623,518],{"class":517},[39,62625,9454],{"class":521},[39,62627,524],{"class":517},[39,62629,3340],{"class":53},[20,62631,154,62632,62634,62635,62637],{},[15,62633,24488],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62636,59718],{},", set, or dictionary.",[160,62639,62641],{"id":62640},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62643,62644,62646],{},[15,62645,24488],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62648,62649],{},"It can:",[176,62651,62652,62655,62658],{},[179,62653,62654],{},"create a new list object",[179,62656,62657],{},"make an empty list",[179,62659,62660],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62662,62663,62664,117],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[195,62665,52490],{"href":50697},[160,62667,202],{"id":201},[20,62669,26195],{},[30,62671,62673],{"className":32,"code":62672,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62674,62675,62681],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62676,62677,62679],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62678,7810],{"class":478},[39,62680,1609],{"class":53},[39,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62684,7810],{"class":478},[39,62686,124],{"class":53},[39,62688,3426],{"class":120},[39,62690,130],{"class":53},[176,62692,62693,62698],{},[179,62694,62695,62697],{},[15,62696,24488],{}," makes an empty list",[179,62699,62700,62703],{},[15,62701,62702],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62705,62706],{},"Common iterable values include:",[176,62708,62709,62711,62713,62715,62718],{},[179,62710,5020],{},[179,62712,5014],{},[179,62714,5017],{},[179,62716,62717],{},"ranges",[179,62719,6964],{},[160,62721,59340],{"id":59339},[20,62723,154,62724,62726],{},[15,62725,24488],{}," with no arguments:",[30,62728,62730],{"className":32,"code":62729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62731,62732,62742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62733,62734,62736,62738,62740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62735,7494],{"class":45},[39,62737,50],{"class":49},[39,62739,22266],{"class":478},[39,62741,1609],{"class":53},[39,62743,62744,62746,62748,62750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62745,137],{"class":136},[39,62747,124],{"class":53},[39,62749,7525],{"class":120},[39,62751,130],{"class":53},[20,62753,353],{},[30,62755,62756],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62757,62758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62759,62760],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62761,38010],{"class":53},[20,62763,62764],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[30,62766,62768],{"className":32,"code":62767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62769,62770,62780,62784,62802,62820,62824],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62771,62772,62774,62776,62778],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62773,7494],{"class":45},[39,62775,50],{"class":49},[39,62777,22266],{"class":478},[39,62779,1609],{"class":53},[39,62781,62782],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62783,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62785,62786,62788,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,62787,7525],{"class":45},[39,62789,117],{"class":53},[39,62791,13262],{"class":120},[39,62793,124],{"class":53},[39,62795,562],{"class":517},[39,62797,3789],{"class":521},[39,62799,562],{"class":517},[39,62801,130],{"class":53},[39,62803,62804,62806,62808,62810,62812,62814,62816,62818],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,62805,7525],{"class":45},[39,62807,117],{"class":53},[39,62809,13262],{"class":120},[39,62811,124],{"class":53},[39,62813,562],{"class":517},[39,62815,3798],{"class":521},[39,62817,562],{"class":517},[39,62819,130],{"class":53},[39,62821,62822],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,62823,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,62825,62826,62828,62830,62832],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,62827,137],{"class":136},[39,62829,124],{"class":53},[39,62831,7525],{"class":120},[39,62833,130],{"class":53},[20,62835,353],{},[30,62837,62838],{"className":32,"code":38136,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62839,62840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62841,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852,62854,62856,62858],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62843,3609],{"class":53},[39,62845,524],{"class":517},[39,62847,3789],{"class":521},[39,62849,524],{"class":517},[39,62851,61],{"class":53},[39,62853,518],{"class":517},[39,62855,3798],{"class":521},[39,62857,524],{"class":517},[39,62859,3340],{"class":53},[20,62861,62862,62863,62865],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62864,3493],{},". Both are valid.",[160,62867,62869],{"id":62868},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[988,62871,62873],{"id":62872},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[30,62875,62876],{"className":32,"code":59638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62877,62878,62900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62879,62880,62882,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62881,1379],{"class":45},[39,62883,50],{"class":49},[39,62885,22266],{"class":478},[39,62887,5223],{"class":53},[39,62889,58],{"class":57},[39,62891,61],{"class":53},[39,62893,64],{"class":57},[39,62895,61],{"class":53},[39,62897,69],{"class":57},[39,62899,486],{"class":53},[39,62901,62902,62904,62906,62908],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62903,137],{"class":136},[39,62905,124],{"class":53},[39,62907,1457],{"class":120},[39,62909,130],{"class":53},[20,62911,353],{},[30,62913,62914],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62915,62916],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62917,62918,62920,62922,62924,62926,62928,62930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62919,3609],{"class":53},[39,62921,58],{"class":57},[39,62923,61],{"class":53},[39,62925,64],{"class":57},[39,62927,61],{"class":53},[39,62929,69],{"class":57},[39,62931,3340],{"class":53},[20,62933,62934,62935,117],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[195,62936,62938],{"href":62937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[988,62940,62942],{"id":62941},"string-to-list","String to list",[30,62944,62946],{"className":32,"code":62945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62947,62948,62966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62949,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62951,35803],{"class":45},[39,62953,50],{"class":49},[39,62955,22266],{"class":478},[39,62957,124],{"class":53},[39,62959,562],{"class":517},[39,62961,36761],{"class":521},[39,62963,562],{"class":517},[39,62965,130],{"class":53},[39,62967,62968,62970,62972,62974],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,62969,137],{"class":136},[39,62971,124],{"class":53},[39,62973,35856],{"class":120},[39,62975,130],{"class":53},[20,62977,353],{},[30,62979,62981],{"className":32,"code":62980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62982,62983],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62984,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63008,63010],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62986,3609],{"class":53},[39,62988,524],{"class":517},[39,62990,9454],{"class":521},[39,62992,524],{"class":517},[39,62994,61],{"class":53},[39,62996,518],{"class":517},[39,62998,195],{"class":521},[39,63000,524],{"class":517},[39,63002,61],{"class":53},[39,63004,518],{"class":517},[39,63006,63007],{"class":521},"t",[39,63009,524],{"class":517},[39,63011,3340],{"class":53},[20,63013,63014,63016],{},[15,63015,24488],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[988,63018,63020],{"id":63019},"range-to-list","Range to list",[30,63022,63024],{"className":32,"code":63023,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63025,63026,63044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63027,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63029,1379],{"class":45},[39,63031,50],{"class":49},[39,63033,22266],{"class":478},[39,63035,124],{"class":53},[39,63037,59718],{"class":136},[39,63039,124],{"class":53},[39,63041,1843],{"class":57},[39,63043,486],{"class":53},[39,63045,63046,63048,63050,63052],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63047,137],{"class":136},[39,63049,124],{"class":53},[39,63051,1457],{"class":120},[39,63053,130],{"class":53},[20,63055,353],{},[30,63057,63058],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,63059,63060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63061,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63063,3609],{"class":53},[39,63065,1826],{"class":57},[39,63067,61],{"class":53},[39,63069,5210],{"class":57},[39,63071,61],{"class":53},[39,63073,64],{"class":57},[39,63075,61],{"class":53},[39,63077,69],{"class":57},[39,63079,61],{"class":53},[39,63081,94],{"class":57},[39,63083,3340],{"class":53},[20,63085,63086,63087,63091],{},"This is common when working with ",[195,63088,63089],{"href":35908},[15,63090,35911],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[988,63093,63095],{"id":63094},"set-to-list","Set to list",[30,63097,63099],{"className":32,"code":63098,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63100,63101,63123],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63102,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63104,3529],{"class":45},[39,63106,50],{"class":49},[39,63108,22266],{"class":478},[39,63110,5242],{"class":53},[39,63112,2037],{"class":57},[39,63114,61],{"class":53},[39,63116,7505],{"class":57},[39,63118,61],{"class":53},[39,63120,7510],{"class":57},[39,63122,30205],{"class":53},[39,63124,63125,63127,63129,63131],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63126,137],{"class":136},[39,63128,124],{"class":53},[39,63130,5070],{"class":120},[39,63132,130],{"class":53},[20,63134,16668],{},[30,63136,63138],{"className":32,"code":63137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63139,63140],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63143,3609],{"class":53},[39,63145,2037],{"class":57},[39,63147,61],{"class":53},[39,63149,7505],{"class":57},[39,63151,61],{"class":53},[39,63153,7510],{"class":57},[39,63155,3340],{"class":53},[20,63157,63158],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[988,63160,63162],{"id":63161},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[30,63164,63166],{"className":32,"code":63165,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63167,63168,63204,63218,63222],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63169,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63171,12913],{"class":45},[39,63173,50],{"class":49},[39,63175,54],{"class":53},[39,63177,562],{"class":517},[39,63179,7382],{"class":521},[39,63181,562],{"class":517},[39,63183,1250],{"class":53},[39,63185,572],{"class":517},[39,63187,12593],{"class":521},[39,63189,562],{"class":517},[39,63191,61],{"class":53},[39,63193,572],{"class":517},[39,63195,9015],{"class":521},[39,63197,562],{"class":517},[39,63199,1250],{"class":53},[39,63201,9022],{"class":57},[39,63203,72],{"class":53},[39,63205,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63207,109],{"class":45},[39,63209,50],{"class":49},[39,63211,22266],{"class":478},[39,63213,124],{"class":53},[39,63215,17016],{"class":120},[39,63217,130],{"class":53},[39,63219,63220],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,63221,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,63223,63224,63226,63228,63230],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,63225,137],{"class":136},[39,63227,124],{"class":53},[39,63229,142],{"class":120},[39,63231,130],{"class":53},[20,63233,353],{},[30,63235,63236],{"className":32,"code":25188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,63237,63238],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63239,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63241,3609],{"class":53},[39,63243,524],{"class":517},[39,63245,7382],{"class":521},[39,63247,524],{"class":517},[39,63249,61],{"class":53},[39,63251,518],{"class":517},[39,63253,9015],{"class":521},[39,63255,524],{"class":517},[39,63257,3340],{"class":53},[20,63259,63260,63261,63263],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63262,24488],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63265,63266,63267,117],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[195,63268,63270],{"href":63269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[160,63272,63274],{"id":63273},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63276,63277],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63279,60875],{},[176,63281,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292],{},[179,63283,5011],{},[179,63285,5014],{},[179,63287,5020],{},[179,63289,5017],{},[179,63291,62717],{},[179,63293,6964],{},[20,63295,63296],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[30,63298,63300],{"className":32,"code":63299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63301,63302],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63303,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63317,63319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63305,137],{"class":136},[39,63307,124],{"class":53},[39,63309,7810],{"class":478},[39,63311,124],{"class":53},[39,63313,562],{"class":517},[39,63315,63316],{"class":521},"hi",[39,63318,562],{"class":517},[39,63320,486],{"class":53},[20,63322,353],{},[30,63324,63326],{"className":32,"code":63325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63327,63328],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63329,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63331,3609],{"class":53},[39,63333,524],{"class":517},[39,63335,60158],{"class":521},[39,63337,524],{"class":517},[39,63339,61],{"class":53},[39,63341,518],{"class":517},[39,63343,35867],{"class":521},[39,63345,524],{"class":517},[39,63347,3340],{"class":53},[20,63349,63350],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[30,63352,63354],{"className":32,"code":63353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63355,63356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63357,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63359,137],{"class":136},[39,63361,124],{"class":53},[39,63363,7810],{"class":478},[39,63365,124],{"class":53},[39,63367,1843],{"class":57},[39,63369,486],{"class":53},[20,63371,353],{},[30,63373,63375],{"className":32,"code":63374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63376,63377],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63378,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63380,2711],{"class":478},[39,63382,1250],{"class":53},[39,63384,518],{"class":517},[39,63386,1895],{"class":521},[39,63388,524],{"class":517},[39,63390,24324],{"class":478},[39,63392,7813],{"class":49},[39,63394,7816],{"class":49},[39,63396,63397],{"class":45}," iterable\n",[20,63399,63400,63401,63403,63404,117],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[195,63402,4847],{"href":5299},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[195,63405,63406],{"href":52318},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[160,63408,63410],{"id":63409},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63412,63413,63414,63417],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63415,63416],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[30,63419,63421],{"className":32,"code":63420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63422,63423,63443,63457,63461,63471,63481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63424,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63426,11798],{"class":45},[39,63428,50],{"class":49},[39,63430,3327],{"class":53},[39,63432,58],{"class":57},[39,63434,61],{"class":53},[39,63436,64],{"class":57},[39,63438,61],{"class":53},[39,63440,69],{"class":57},[39,63442,3340],{"class":53},[39,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63446,14021],{"class":45},[39,63448,50],{"class":49},[39,63450,22266],{"class":478},[39,63452,124],{"class":53},[39,63454,11845],{"class":120},[39,63456,130],{"class":53},[39,63458,63459],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,63460,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,63464,137],{"class":136},[39,63466,124],{"class":53},[39,63468,11845],{"class":120},[39,63470,130],{"class":53},[39,63472,63473,63475,63477,63479],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,63474,137],{"class":136},[39,63476,124],{"class":53},[39,63478,14040],{"class":120},[39,63480,130],{"class":53},[39,63482,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,63484,137],{"class":136},[39,63486,124],{"class":53},[39,63488,11798],{"class":120},[39,63490,11906],{"class":3584},[39,63492,14094],{"class":120},[39,63494,130],{"class":53},[20,63496,353],{},[30,63498,63500],{"className":32,"code":63499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63501,63502,63518,63534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63505,3609],{"class":53},[39,63507,58],{"class":57},[39,63509,61],{"class":53},[39,63511,64],{"class":57},[39,63513,61],{"class":53},[39,63515,69],{"class":57},[39,63517,3340],{"class":53},[39,63519,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63521,3609],{"class":53},[39,63523,58],{"class":57},[39,63525,61],{"class":53},[39,63527,64],{"class":57},[39,63529,61],{"class":53},[39,63531,69],{"class":57},[39,63533,3340],{"class":53},[39,63535,63536],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,63537,3750],{"class":3559},[20,63539,63540,63541,63543],{},"This means ",[15,63542,14040],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63545,63546,63547,63549],{},"However, this is only a ",[382,63548,12563],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[30,63551,63553],{"className":32,"code":63552,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63554,63555,63581,63595,63599,63617,63621,63631],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63556,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63558,11798],{"class":45},[39,63560,50],{"class":49},[39,63562,56013],{"class":53},[39,63564,58],{"class":57},[39,63566,61],{"class":53},[39,63568,64],{"class":57},[39,63570,930],{"class":53},[39,63572,3327],{"class":53},[39,63574,307],{"class":57},[39,63576,61],{"class":53},[39,63578,94],{"class":57},[39,63580,52961],{"class":53},[39,63582,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63584,14021],{"class":45},[39,63586,50],{"class":49},[39,63588,22266],{"class":478},[39,63590,124],{"class":53},[39,63592,11845],{"class":120},[39,63594,130],{"class":53},[39,63596,63597],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,63598,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,63602,14040],{"class":45},[39,63604,3609],{"class":53},[39,63606,1826],{"class":57},[39,63608,13259],{"class":53},[39,63610,13262],{"class":120},[39,63612,124],{"class":53},[39,63614,56066],{"class":57},[39,63616,130],{"class":53},[39,63618,63619],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,63620,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,63622,63623,63625,63627,63629],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,63624,137],{"class":136},[39,63626,124],{"class":53},[39,63628,11845],{"class":120},[39,63630,130],{"class":53},[39,63632,63633,63635,63637,63639],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,63634,137],{"class":136},[39,63636,124],{"class":53},[39,63638,14040],{"class":120},[39,63640,130],{"class":53},[20,63642,353],{},[30,63644,63645],{"className":32,"code":56097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,63646,63647,63673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63648,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63650,56104],{"class":53},[39,63652,58],{"class":57},[39,63654,61],{"class":53},[39,63656,64],{"class":57},[39,63658,61],{"class":53},[39,63660,9912],{"class":57},[39,63662,930],{"class":53},[39,63664,3327],{"class":53},[39,63666,307],{"class":57},[39,63668,61],{"class":53},[39,63670,94],{"class":57},[39,63672,52961],{"class":53},[39,63674,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63676,56104],{"class":53},[39,63678,58],{"class":57},[39,63680,61],{"class":53},[39,63682,64],{"class":57},[39,63684,61],{"class":53},[39,63686,9912],{"class":57},[39,63688,930],{"class":53},[39,63690,3327],{"class":53},[39,63692,307],{"class":57},[39,63694,61],{"class":53},[39,63696,94],{"class":57},[39,63698,52961],{"class":53},[20,63700,63701],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63703,63704,63705,117],{},"For more on this, see ",[195,63706,13500],{"href":13499},[160,63708,63710],{"id":63709},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63712,63713,63714,117],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63715,24488],{},[988,63717,63719],{"id":63718},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[30,63721,63723],{"className":32,"code":63722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63724,63725,63765],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63728,12576],{"class":45},[39,63730,50],{"class":49},[39,63732,54],{"class":53},[39,63734,562],{"class":517},[39,63736,7382],{"class":521},[39,63738,562],{"class":517},[39,63740,1250],{"class":53},[39,63742,572],{"class":517},[39,63744,7637],{"class":521},[39,63746,562],{"class":517},[39,63748,61],{"class":53},[39,63750,572],{"class":517},[39,63752,19598],{"class":521},[39,63754,562],{"class":517},[39,63756,1250],{"class":53},[39,63758,572],{"class":517},[39,63760,21952],{"class":521},[39,63762,562],{"class":517},[39,63764,72],{"class":53},[39,63766,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63768,137],{"class":136},[39,63770,124],{"class":53},[39,63772,7810],{"class":478},[39,63774,124],{"class":53},[39,63776,13335],{"class":120},[39,63778,486],{"class":53},[20,63780,353],{},[30,63782,63784],{"className":32,"code":63783,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63785,63786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63787,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63789,3609],{"class":53},[39,63791,524],{"class":517},[39,63793,7382],{"class":521},[39,63795,524],{"class":517},[39,63797,61],{"class":53},[39,63799,518],{"class":517},[39,63801,19598],{"class":521},[39,63803,524],{"class":517},[39,63805,3340],{"class":53},[988,63807,63809],{"id":63808},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[30,63811,63813],{"className":32,"code":63812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63814,63815,63855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63816,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63818,12576],{"class":45},[39,63820,50],{"class":49},[39,63822,54],{"class":53},[39,63824,562],{"class":517},[39,63826,7382],{"class":521},[39,63828,562],{"class":517},[39,63830,1250],{"class":53},[39,63832,572],{"class":517},[39,63834,7637],{"class":521},[39,63836,562],{"class":517},[39,63838,61],{"class":53},[39,63840,572],{"class":517},[39,63842,19598],{"class":521},[39,63844,562],{"class":517},[39,63846,1250],{"class":53},[39,63848,572],{"class":517},[39,63850,21952],{"class":521},[39,63852,562],{"class":517},[39,63854,72],{"class":53},[39,63856,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63858,137],{"class":136},[39,63860,124],{"class":53},[39,63862,7810],{"class":478},[39,63864,124],{"class":53},[39,63866,13335],{"class":120},[39,63868,117],{"class":53},[39,63870,5070],{"class":120},[39,63872,6003],{"class":53},[20,63874,353],{},[30,63876,63878],{"className":32,"code":63877,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63879,63880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63881,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63883,3609],{"class":53},[39,63885,524],{"class":517},[39,63887,7637],{"class":521},[39,63889,524],{"class":517},[39,63891,61],{"class":53},[39,63893,518],{"class":517},[39,63895,21952],{"class":521},[39,63897,524],{"class":517},[39,63899,3340],{"class":53},[988,63901,63903],{"id":63902},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[30,63905,63907],{"className":32,"code":63906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63908,63909,63949],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63910,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63912,12576],{"class":45},[39,63914,50],{"class":49},[39,63916,54],{"class":53},[39,63918,562],{"class":517},[39,63920,7382],{"class":521},[39,63922,562],{"class":517},[39,63924,1250],{"class":53},[39,63926,572],{"class":517},[39,63928,7637],{"class":521},[39,63930,562],{"class":517},[39,63932,61],{"class":53},[39,63934,572],{"class":517},[39,63936,19598],{"class":521},[39,63938,562],{"class":517},[39,63940,1250],{"class":53},[39,63942,572],{"class":517},[39,63944,21952],{"class":521},[39,63946,562],{"class":517},[39,63948,72],{"class":53},[39,63950,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,63952,137],{"class":136},[39,63954,124],{"class":53},[39,63956,7810],{"class":478},[39,63958,124],{"class":53},[39,63960,13335],{"class":120},[39,63962,117],{"class":53},[39,63964,7525],{"class":120},[39,63966,6003],{"class":53},[20,63968,353],{},[30,63970,63972],{"className":32,"code":63971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63973,63974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63975,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63977,21448],{"class":53},[39,63979,524],{"class":517},[39,63981,7382],{"class":521},[39,63983,524],{"class":517},[39,63985,61],{"class":53},[39,63987,518],{"class":517},[39,63989,7637],{"class":521},[39,63991,524],{"class":517},[39,63993,8951],{"class":53},[39,63995,933],{"class":53},[39,63997,524],{"class":517},[39,63999,19598],{"class":521},[39,64001,524],{"class":517},[39,64003,61],{"class":53},[39,64005,518],{"class":517},[39,64007,21952],{"class":521},[39,64009,524],{"class":517},[39,64011,8966],{"class":53},[20,64013,64014],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[160,64016,64018],{"id":64017},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64020,154,64021,10315],{},[15,64022,24488],{},[176,64024,64025,64033,64042],{},[179,64026,64027,64028,1292,64030],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64029,52371],{},[15,64031,64032],{},"sort()",[179,64034,64035,64036,1292,64038,64041],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64037,35911],{},[15,64039,64040],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[179,64043,64044],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64046,45756,64047,1250],{},[15,64048,64040],{},[30,64050,64052],{"className":32,"code":64051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64053,64054,64078,64094,64098,64121],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64055,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64057,4705],{"class":45},[39,64059,50],{"class":49},[39,64061,3327],{"class":53},[39,64063,562],{"class":517},[39,64065,12593],{"class":521},[39,64067,562],{"class":517},[39,64069,61],{"class":53},[39,64071,572],{"class":517},[39,64073,35653],{"class":521},[39,64075,562],{"class":517},[39,64077,3340],{"class":53},[39,64079,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64081,4774],{"class":45},[39,64083,50],{"class":49},[39,64085,3327],{"class":53},[39,64087,13211],{"class":57},[39,64089,61],{"class":53},[39,64091,13216],{"class":57},[39,64093,3340],{"class":53},[39,64095,64096],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,64097,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,64099,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,64101,8933],{"class":45},[39,64103,50],{"class":49},[39,64105,22266],{"class":478},[39,64107,124],{"class":53},[39,64109,64110],{"class":136},"zip",[39,64112,124],{"class":53},[39,64114,4749],{"class":120},[39,64116,61],{"class":53},[39,64118,4821],{"class":120},[39,64120,486],{"class":53},[39,64122,64123,64125,64127,64129],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,64124,137],{"class":136},[39,64126,124],{"class":53},[39,64128,8979],{"class":120},[39,64130,130],{"class":53},[20,64132,353],{},[30,64134,64136],{"className":32,"code":64135,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64137,64138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64139,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64141,21448],{"class":53},[39,64143,524],{"class":517},[39,64145,12593],{"class":521},[39,64147,524],{"class":517},[39,64149,61],{"class":53},[39,64151,19605],{"class":57},[39,64153,8951],{"class":53},[39,64155,933],{"class":53},[39,64157,524],{"class":517},[39,64159,35653],{"class":521},[39,64161,524],{"class":517},[39,64163,61],{"class":53},[39,64165,13216],{"class":57},[39,64167,8966],{"class":53},[20,64169,64170,64171,64173,64174,117],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64172,52371],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[195,64175,52768],{"href":52767},[160,64177,1244],{"id":1243},[20,64179,56495,64180,117],{},[15,64181,24488],{},[988,64183,64185],{"id":64184},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64187,4235],{},[30,64189,64191],{"className":32,"code":64190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64192,64193,64197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64194,64195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64196,4245],{"class":150},[39,64198,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64200,7810],{"class":478},[39,64202,124],{"class":53},[39,64204,58],{"class":57},[39,64206,61],{"class":53},[39,64208,64],{"class":57},[39,64210,61],{"class":53},[39,64212,69],{"class":57},[39,64214,130],{"class":53},[20,64216,64217,64219],{},[15,64218,24488],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64221,18401],{},[30,64223,64225],{"className":32,"code":64224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64226,64227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64228,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64230,137],{"class":136},[39,64232,124],{"class":53},[39,64234,7810],{"class":478},[39,64236,5223],{"class":53},[39,64238,58],{"class":57},[39,64240,61],{"class":53},[39,64242,64],{"class":57},[39,64244,61],{"class":53},[39,64246,69],{"class":57},[39,64248,2619],{"class":53},[988,64250,64252,64253],{"id":64251},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[39,64254,64255],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64257,64258],{},"This is a common surprise:",[30,64260,64262],{"className":32,"code":64261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64263,64264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64265,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64267,137],{"class":136},[39,64269,124],{"class":53},[39,64271,7810],{"class":478},[39,64273,124],{"class":53},[39,64275,562],{"class":517},[39,64277,3552],{"class":521},[39,64279,562],{"class":517},[39,64281,486],{"class":53},[20,64283,353],{},[30,64285,64287],{"className":32,"code":64286,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64288,64289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64290,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64292,3609],{"class":53},[39,64294,524],{"class":517},[39,64296,60158],{"class":521},[39,64298,524],{"class":517},[39,64300,61],{"class":53},[39,64302,518],{"class":517},[39,64304,60167],{"class":521},[39,64306,524],{"class":517},[39,64308,61],{"class":53},[39,64310,518],{"class":517},[39,64312,60176],{"class":521},[39,64314,524],{"class":517},[39,64316,61],{"class":53},[39,64318,518],{"class":517},[39,64320,60176],{"class":521},[39,64322,524],{"class":517},[39,64324,61],{"class":53},[39,64326,518],{"class":517},[39,64328,60193],{"class":521},[39,64330,524],{"class":517},[39,64332,3340],{"class":53},[20,64334,64335],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64337,64338],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[30,64340,64342],{"className":32,"code":64341,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64343,64344],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64345,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64347,137],{"class":136},[39,64349,917],{"class":53},[39,64351,562],{"class":517},[39,64353,3552],{"class":521},[39,64355,562],{"class":517},[39,64357,3597],{"class":53},[988,64359,64361],{"id":64360},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64363,64364],{},"This:",[30,64366,64368],{"className":32,"code":64367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64369,64370,64402],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64371,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64373,8883],{"class":45},[39,64375,50],{"class":49},[39,64377,54],{"class":53},[39,64379,562],{"class":517},[39,64381,195],{"class":521},[39,64383,562],{"class":517},[39,64385,1250],{"class":53},[39,64387,5210],{"class":57},[39,64389,61],{"class":53},[39,64391,572],{"class":517},[39,64393,127],{"class":521},[39,64395,562],{"class":517},[39,64397,1250],{"class":53},[39,64399,64],{"class":57},[39,64401,72],{"class":53},[39,64403,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64405,137],{"class":136},[39,64407,124],{"class":53},[39,64409,7810],{"class":478},[39,64411,124],{"class":53},[39,64413,8922],{"class":120},[39,64415,486],{"class":53},[20,64417,64418],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64420,154,64421,64424],{},[15,64422,64423],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[988,64426,64428],{"id":64427},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64430,64431,64433],{},[15,64432,24488],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64435,64436],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[160,64438,1563],{"id":1562},[988,64440,4890,64442,64444],{"id":64441},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[39,64443],{}," and list()?",[20,64446,64447,64448,64450,64451,64453],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64449,3493],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64452,24488],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[988,64455,64457],{"id":64456},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64459,64460,64461,64463],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64462,24488],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[988,64465,64467],{"id":64466},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64469,64470],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[988,64472,64474],{"id":64473},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64476,64477],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[988,64479,64481],{"id":64480},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64483,64484,64485,64487],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64486,24488],{}," cannot loop through it.",[160,64489,1613],{"id":1612},[176,64491,64492,64496,64501,64505,64509,64513,64517,64522],{},[179,64493,64494],{},[195,64495,52490],{"href":50697},[179,64497,64498],{},[195,64499,64500],{"href":35908},"Python range() function explained",[179,64502,64503],{},[195,64504,62938],{"href":62937},[179,64506,64507],{},[195,64508,63270],{"href":63269},[179,64510,64511],{},[195,64512,4927],{"href":5299},[179,64514,64515],{},[195,64516,13500],{"href":13499},[179,64518,64519],{},[195,64520,64521],{"href":52318},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[179,64523,64524],{},[195,64525,53997],{"href":52767},[1642,64527,64528],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":64530},[64531,64532,64533,64534,64535,64542,64543,64544,64549,64550,64557,64565],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":62640,"depth":75,"text":62641},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":59339,"depth":75,"text":59340},{"id":62868,"depth":75,"text":62869,"children":64536},[64537,64538,64539,64540,64541],{"id":62872,"depth":99,"text":62873},{"id":62941,"depth":99,"text":62942},{"id":63019,"depth":99,"text":63020},{"id":63094,"depth":99,"text":63095},{"id":63161,"depth":99,"text":63162},{"id":63273,"depth":75,"text":63274},{"id":63409,"depth":75,"text":63410},{"id":63709,"depth":75,"text":63710,"children":64545},[64546,64547,64548],{"id":63718,"depth":99,"text":63719},{"id":63808,"depth":99,"text":63809},{"id":63902,"depth":99,"text":63903},{"id":64017,"depth":75,"text":64018},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":64551},[64552,64553,64555,64556],{"id":64184,"depth":99,"text":64185},{"id":64251,"depth":99,"text":64554},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64360,"depth":99,"text":64361},{"id":64427,"depth":99,"text":64428},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":64558},[64559,64561,64562,64563,64564],{"id":64441,"depth":99,"text":64560},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64456,"depth":99,"text":64457},{"id":64466,"depth":99,"text":64467},{"id":64473,"depth":99,"text":64474},{"id":64480,"depth":99,"text":64481},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62474,"description":64566},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64573,"title":64574,"body":64575,"description":65926,"extension":1670,"meta":65927,"navigation":102,"path":65928,"seo":65929,"stem":65930,"__hash__":65931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64576,"toc":65900},[64577,64582,64588,64597,64599,64672,64681,64686,64690,64706,64710,64712,64714,64733,64736,64764,64767,64792,64800,64802,64807,64814,64816,64873,64875,64883,64889,64893,64896,64969,64971,64979,64982,65005,65012,65018,65022,65028,65099,65101,65109,65118,65125,65132,65140,65284,65286,65303,65306,65345,65348,65352,65357,65359,65418,65424,65427,65534,65536,65551,65554,65561,65563,65567,65715,65718,65779,65782,65785,65806,65811,65815,65826,65829,65831,65836,65839,65847,65852,65858,65861,65867,65875,65877,65897],[10,64578,54061,64580,18],{"id":64579},"python-list-index-method",[15,64581,58687],{},[20,64583,64584,64587],{},[15,64585,64586],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64589,64590,64591,64594,64595,117],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[382,64592,64593],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64596,40418],{},[160,64598,3313],{"id":3312},[30,64600,64602],{"className":32,"code":64601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64603,64604,64636,64659],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64605,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64607,7494],{"class":45},[39,64609,50],{"class":49},[39,64611,3327],{"class":53},[39,64613,562],{"class":517},[39,64615,3789],{"class":521},[39,64617,562],{"class":517},[39,64619,61],{"class":53},[39,64621,572],{"class":517},[39,64623,3798],{"class":521},[39,64625,562],{"class":517},[39,64627,61],{"class":53},[39,64629,572],{"class":517},[39,64631,3807],{"class":521},[39,64633,562],{"class":517},[39,64635,3340],{"class":53},[39,64637,64638,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64639,64640],{"class":45},"position ",[39,64642,50],{"class":49},[39,64644,5679],{"class":45},[39,64646,117],{"class":53},[39,64648,35558],{"class":120},[39,64650,124],{"class":53},[39,64652,562],{"class":517},[39,64654,3798],{"class":521},[39,64656,562],{"class":517},[39,64658,130],{"class":53},[39,64660,64661,64663,64665,64668,64670],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,64662,137],{"class":136},[39,64664,124],{"class":53},[39,64666,64667],{"class":120},"position",[39,64669,3366],{"class":53},[39,64671,27488],{"class":150},[20,64673,154,64674,64677,64678,64680],{},[15,64675,64676],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64679,40418],{}," if the item is not found.",[160,64682,3383,64684,3386],{"id":64683},"what-listindex-does",[15,64685,64586],{},[20,64687,64688,1250],{},[15,64689,64586],{},[176,64691,64692,64695,64698,64703],{},[179,64693,64694],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[179,64696,64697],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[179,64699,64700,64701],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64702,1826],{},[179,64704,64705],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64707,54286,64708,117],{},[195,64709,52490],{"href":54289},[160,64711,202],{"id":201},[20,64713,30434],{},[30,64715,64717],{"className":32,"code":64716,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64718,64719],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64720,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64722,8056],{"class":45},[39,64724,117],{"class":53},[39,64726,35558],{"class":120},[39,64728,124],{"class":53},[39,64730,2179],{"class":120},[39,64732,130],{"class":53},[20,64734,64735],{},"You can also limit the search:",[30,64737,64739],{"className":32,"code":64738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64740,64741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64742,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64762],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64744,8056],{"class":45},[39,64746,117],{"class":53},[39,64748,35558],{"class":120},[39,64750,124],{"class":53},[39,64752,2179],{"class":120},[39,64754,61],{"class":53},[39,64756,35764],{"class":120},[39,64758,61],{"class":53},[39,64760,64761],{"class":120}," end",[39,64763,130],{"class":53},[20,64765,64766],{},"Here is what each part means:",[176,64768,64769,64774,64779,64784],{},[179,64770,64771,64773],{},[15,64772,2179],{},": the item to search for",[179,64775,64776,64778],{},[15,64777,35785],{},": where the search begins",[179,64780,64781,64783],{},[15,64782,52379],{},": where the search stops",[179,64785,64786,4493,64788,64791],{},[15,64787,52379],{},[382,64789,64790],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64793,64794,64795,64797,64798,117],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64796,35785],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64799,52379],{},[160,64801,37733],{"id":37732},[20,64803,64804,64806],{},[15,64805,64586],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64808,64809,64810,64813],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[382,64811,64812],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64815,267],{},[30,64817,64819],{"className":32,"code":64818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64820,64821,64841,64859,64863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64822,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837,64839],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64824,1379],{"class":45},[39,64826,50],{"class":49},[39,64828,3327],{"class":53},[39,64830,2037],{"class":57},[39,64832,61],{"class":53},[39,64834,7505],{"class":57},[39,64836,61],{"class":53},[39,64838,7510],{"class":57},[39,64840,3340],{"class":53},[39,64842,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64844,109],{"class":45},[39,64846,50],{"class":49},[39,64848,1433],{"class":45},[39,64850,117],{"class":53},[39,64852,35558],{"class":120},[39,64854,124],{"class":53},[39,64856,15463],{"class":57},[39,64858,130],{"class":53},[39,64860,64861],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,64862,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,64864,64865,64867,64869,64871],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,64866,137],{"class":136},[39,64868,124],{"class":53},[39,64870,142],{"class":120},[39,64872,130],{"class":53},[20,64874,353],{},[30,64876,64877],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,64878,64879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64880,64881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64882,46633],{"class":57},[20,64884,64885,64886,64888],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64887,58687],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[160,64890,64892],{"id":64891},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64894,64895],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[30,64897,64899],{"className":32,"code":64898,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64900,64901,64933,64955,64959],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64902,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64904,35952],{"class":45},[39,64906,50],{"class":49},[39,64908,3327],{"class":53},[39,64910,562],{"class":517},[39,64912,3789],{"class":521},[39,64914,562],{"class":517},[39,64916,61],{"class":53},[39,64918,572],{"class":517},[39,64920,3798],{"class":521},[39,64922,562],{"class":517},[39,64924,61],{"class":53},[39,64926,572],{"class":517},[39,64928,3807],{"class":521},[39,64930,562],{"class":517},[39,64932,3340],{"class":53},[39,64934,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,64936,64640],{"class":45},[39,64938,50],{"class":49},[39,64940,52570],{"class":45},[39,64942,117],{"class":53},[39,64944,35558],{"class":120},[39,64946,124],{"class":53},[39,64948,562],{"class":517},[39,64950,3807],{"class":521},[39,64952,562],{"class":517},[39,64954,130],{"class":53},[39,64956,64957],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,64958,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,64960,64961,64963,64965,64967],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,64962,137],{"class":136},[39,64964,124],{"class":53},[39,64966,64667],{"class":120},[39,64968,130],{"class":53},[20,64970,353],{},[30,64972,64973],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,64974,64975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64976,64977],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64978,1553],{"class":57},[20,64980,64981],{},"In this list:",[176,64983,64984,64991,64998],{},[179,64985,64986,64988,64989],{},[15,64987,57552],{}," is at index ",[15,64990,1826],{},[179,64992,64993,64988,64996],{},[15,64994,64995],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64997,58],{},[179,64999,65000,64988,65003],{},[15,65001,65002],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65004,85],{},[20,65006,53372,65007,2104,65010,117],{},[15,65008,65009],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65011,85],{},[20,65013,51261,65014,117],{},[195,65015,65017],{"href":65016},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[160,65019,65021],{"id":65020},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65023,65024,65025,65027],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65026,58687],{}," returns the first match only.",[30,65029,65031],{"className":32,"code":65030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65032,65033,65073,65077],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65034,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65036,12786],{"class":45},[39,65038,50],{"class":49},[39,65040,3327],{"class":53},[39,65042,562],{"class":517},[39,65044,565],{"class":521},[39,65046,562],{"class":517},[39,65048,61],{"class":53},[39,65050,572],{"class":517},[39,65052,575],{"class":521},[39,65054,562],{"class":517},[39,65056,61],{"class":53},[39,65058,572],{"class":517},[39,65060,565],{"class":521},[39,65062,562],{"class":517},[39,65064,61],{"class":53},[39,65066,572],{"class":517},[39,65068,584],{"class":521},[39,65070,562],{"class":517},[39,65072,3340],{"class":53},[39,65074,65075],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65076,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,65078,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,65080,137],{"class":136},[39,65082,124],{"class":53},[39,65084,17209],{"class":120},[39,65086,117],{"class":53},[39,65088,35558],{"class":120},[39,65090,124],{"class":53},[39,65092,562],{"class":517},[39,65094,565],{"class":521},[39,65096,562],{"class":517},[39,65098,486],{"class":53},[20,65100,353],{},[30,65102,65103],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,65104,65105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65106,65107],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65108,46968],{"class":57},[20,65110,20685,65111,65114,65115,65117],{},[15,65112,65113],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65116,1826],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65119,65120,65121,117],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[195,65122,55239,65123,1627],{"href":58746},[15,65124,57009],{},[160,65126,718,65128,4104,65130],{"id":65127},"using-start-and-end",[15,65129,35785],{},[15,65131,52379],{},[20,65133,65134,65135,4104,65137,65139],{},"The optional ",[15,65136,35785],{},[15,65138,52379],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[30,65141,65143],{"className":32,"code":65142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65144,65145,65193,65197,65222,65251],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65146,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65148,35803],{"class":45},[39,65150,50],{"class":49},[39,65152,3327],{"class":53},[39,65154,562],{"class":517},[39,65156,195],{"class":521},[39,65158,562],{"class":517},[39,65160,61],{"class":53},[39,65162,572],{"class":517},[39,65164,127],{"class":521},[39,65166,562],{"class":517},[39,65168,61],{"class":53},[39,65170,572],{"class":517},[39,65172,9454],{"class":521},[39,65174,562],{"class":517},[39,65176,61],{"class":53},[39,65178,572],{"class":517},[39,65180,127],{"class":521},[39,65182,562],{"class":517},[39,65184,61],{"class":53},[39,65186,572],{"class":517},[39,65188,18474],{"class":521},[39,65190,562],{"class":517},[39,65192,3340],{"class":53},[39,65194,65195],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65196,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,65198,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,65200,137],{"class":136},[39,65202,124],{"class":53},[39,65204,35856],{"class":120},[39,65206,117],{"class":53},[39,65208,35558],{"class":120},[39,65210,124],{"class":53},[39,65212,562],{"class":517},[39,65214,127],{"class":521},[39,65216,562],{"class":517},[39,65218,5073],{"class":53},[39,65220,65221],{"class":150},"        # first match\n",[39,65223,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,65225,137],{"class":136},[39,65227,124],{"class":53},[39,65229,35856],{"class":120},[39,65231,117],{"class":53},[39,65233,35558],{"class":120},[39,65235,124],{"class":53},[39,65237,562],{"class":517},[39,65239,127],{"class":521},[39,65241,562],{"class":517},[39,65243,61],{"class":53},[39,65245,64],{"class":57},[39,65247,5073],{"class":53},[39,65249,65250],{"class":150},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[39,65252,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,65254,137],{"class":136},[39,65256,124],{"class":53},[39,65258,35856],{"class":120},[39,65260,117],{"class":53},[39,65262,35558],{"class":120},[39,65264,124],{"class":53},[39,65266,562],{"class":517},[39,65268,127],{"class":521},[39,65270,562],{"class":517},[39,65272,61],{"class":53},[39,65274,5210],{"class":57},[39,65276,61],{"class":53},[39,65278,94],{"class":57},[39,65280,5073],{"class":53},[39,65282,65283],{"class":150},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65285,353],{},[30,65287,65289],{"className":32,"code":65288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65290,65291,65295,65299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65292,65293],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65294,46633],{"class":57},[39,65296,65297],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65298,46333],{"class":57},[39,65300,65301],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,65302,46633],{"class":57},[20,65304,65305],{},"How this works:",[176,65307,65308,65320,65333],{},[179,65309,65310,65313,65314,65317,65318],{},[15,65311,65312],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65315,65316],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65319,58],{},[179,65321,65322,65325,65326,65328,65329,65317,65331],{},[15,65323,65324],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65327,85],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65330,65316],{},[15,65332,307],{},[179,65334,65335,65338,65339,1896,65341,16781,65343],{},[15,65336,65337],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65340,58],{},[15,65342,85],{},[15,65344,307],{},[20,65346,65347],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[160,65349,65351],{"id":65350},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65353,65354,65355,117],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65356,40418],{},[20,65358,267],{},[30,65360,65362],{"className":32,"code":65361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65363,65364,65396],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65365,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65367,7494],{"class":45},[39,65369,50],{"class":49},[39,65371,3327],{"class":53},[39,65373,562],{"class":517},[39,65375,3789],{"class":521},[39,65377,562],{"class":517},[39,65379,61],{"class":53},[39,65381,572],{"class":517},[39,65383,3798],{"class":521},[39,65385,562],{"class":517},[39,65387,61],{"class":53},[39,65389,572],{"class":517},[39,65391,3807],{"class":521},[39,65393,562],{"class":517},[39,65395,3340],{"class":53},[39,65397,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65399,137],{"class":136},[39,65401,124],{"class":53},[39,65403,7525],{"class":120},[39,65405,117],{"class":53},[39,65407,35558],{"class":120},[39,65409,124],{"class":53},[39,65411,562],{"class":517},[39,65413,32930],{"class":521},[39,65415,562],{"class":517},[39,65417,486],{"class":53},[20,65419,39367,65420,65423],{},[15,65421,65422],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65425,65426],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[30,65428,65430],{"className":32,"code":65429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65431,65432,65464,65477,65481,65494,65513,65519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65433,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65435,7494],{"class":45},[39,65437,50],{"class":49},[39,65439,3327],{"class":53},[39,65441,562],{"class":517},[39,65443,3789],{"class":521},[39,65445,562],{"class":517},[39,65447,61],{"class":53},[39,65449,572],{"class":517},[39,65451,3798],{"class":521},[39,65453,562],{"class":517},[39,65455,61],{"class":53},[39,65457,572],{"class":517},[39,65459,3807],{"class":521},[39,65461,562],{"class":517},[39,65463,3340],{"class":53},[39,65465,65466,65469,65471,65473,65475],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65467,65468],{"class":45},"search_value ",[39,65470,50],{"class":49},[39,65472,572],{"class":517},[39,65474,32930],{"class":521},[39,65476,3062],{"class":517},[39,65478,65479],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,65480,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,65482,65483,65485,65488,65490,65492],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,65484,6710],{"class":3584},[39,65486,65487],{"class":45}," search_value ",[39,65489,3591],{"class":49},[39,65491,5679],{"class":45},[39,65493,6107],{"class":53},[39,65495,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65511],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,65497,7785],{"class":136},[39,65499,124],{"class":53},[39,65501,7525],{"class":120},[39,65503,117],{"class":53},[39,65505,35558],{"class":120},[39,65507,124],{"class":53},[39,65509,65510],{"class":120},"search_value",[39,65512,486],{"class":53},[39,65514,65515,65517],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,65516,27142],{"class":3584},[39,65518,6107],{"class":53},[39,65520,65521,65523,65525,65527,65530,65532],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,65522,7785],{"class":136},[39,65524,124],{"class":53},[39,65526,562],{"class":517},[39,65528,65529],{"class":521},"Item not found",[39,65531,562],{"class":517},[39,65533,130],{"class":53},[20,65535,353],{},[30,65537,65539],{"className":32,"code":65538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Item not found\n",[15,65540,65541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65542,65543,65546,65548],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65544,65545],{"class":45},"Item ",[39,65547,4340],{"class":49},[39,65549,65550],{"class":45}," found\n",[20,65552,65553],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65555,65556,65557,117],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,65558,65560],{"href":65559},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[160,65562,1244],{"id":1243},[20,65564,20919,65565,1250],{},[15,65566,64586],{},[176,65568,65569,65587,65599,65659],{},[179,65570,25482,65571,2104,65573,65576,65577,65579,65580,4872,65582,65584,65585,117],{},[15,65572,58687],{},[15,65574,65575],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9561,65578],{},"\nPython does ",[382,65581,4340],{},[15,65583,65575],{},". It raises ",[15,65586,40418],{},[179,65588,65589,65590,65592,65595,65596,65598],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9561,65591],{},[15,65593,65594],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65597,64995],{},", not the value itself.",[179,65600,718,65601,10806,65604,65606,65608,65609,16365,65611,65634,16353,65636],{},[15,65602,65603],{},"index[]",[15,65605,58687],{},[9561,65607],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9561,65610],{},[30,65612,65614],{"className":32,"code":65613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65615,65616],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65617,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65619,7525],{"class":45},[39,65621,117],{"class":53},[39,65623,35558],{"class":120},[39,65625,124],{"class":53},[39,65627,562],{"class":517},[39,65629,3798],{"class":521},[39,65631,562],{"class":517},[39,65633,130],{"class":53},[9561,65635],{},[30,65637,65639],{"className":32,"code":65638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65640,65641],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65642,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65644,7525],{"class":45},[39,65646,117],{"class":53},[39,65648,35558],{"class":24457},[39,65650,3609],{"class":53},[39,65652,562],{"class":517},[39,65654,3798],{"class":521},[39,65656,562],{"class":517},[39,65658,3340],{"class":53},[179,65660,65661,65662,65664,4104,65667,65669,65670],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9561,65663],{},[15,65665,65666],{},"\"3\"",[15,65668,307],{}," are different values in Python.",[30,65671,65673],{"className":32,"code":65672,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65674,65675,65695],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65676,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65678,1379],{"class":45},[39,65680,50],{"class":49},[39,65682,3327],{"class":53},[39,65684,58],{"class":57},[39,65686,61],{"class":53},[39,65688,64],{"class":57},[39,65690,61],{"class":53},[39,65692,69],{"class":57},[39,65694,3340],{"class":53},[39,65696,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65698,137],{"class":136},[39,65700,124],{"class":53},[39,65702,562],{"class":517},[39,65704,307],{"class":521},[39,65706,562],{"class":517},[39,65708,20881],{"class":3584},[39,65710,1433],{"class":120},[39,65712,3366],{"class":53},[39,65714,4481],{"class":150},[20,65716,65717],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[30,65719,65721],{"className":32,"code":65720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65722,65723,65733,65747,65761],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65724,65725,65727,65729,65731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65726,137],{"class":136},[39,65728,124],{"class":53},[39,65730,8056],{"class":120},[39,65732,130],{"class":53},[39,65734,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65736,137],{"class":136},[39,65738,124],{"class":53},[39,65740,479],{"class":478},[39,65742,124],{"class":53},[39,65744,65510],{"class":120},[39,65746,486],{"class":53},[39,65748,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,65750,137],{"class":136},[39,65752,124],{"class":53},[39,65754,65468],{"class":120},[39,65756,3591],{"class":3584},[39,65758,8113],{"class":120},[39,65760,130],{"class":53},[39,65762,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,65764,137],{"class":136},[39,65766,124],{"class":53},[39,65768,8056],{"class":120},[39,65770,117],{"class":53},[39,65772,35558],{"class":120},[39,65774,124],{"class":53},[39,65776,65510],{"class":120},[39,65778,486],{"class":53},[20,65780,65781],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65783,65784],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[176,65786,65787,65790,65797,65803],{},[179,65788,65789],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[179,65791,65792,65793,10806,65795],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65794,65666],{},[15,65796,307],{},[179,65798,65799,65800,65802],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65801,58687],{}," returns only the first one",[179,65804,65805],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[160,65807,4671,65809],{"id":65808},"when-to-use-index",[15,65810,58687],{},[20,65812,154,65813,10315],{},[15,65814,58687],{},[176,65816,65817,65820,65823],{},[179,65818,65819],{},"You need the position of a known value",[179,65821,65822],{},"You are working with a small list",[179,65824,65825],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65827,65828],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[160,65830,1563],{"id":1562},[988,65832,4853,65834,4856],{"id":65833},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65835,64586],{},[20,65837,65838],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[988,65840,1567,65842,4872,65844,65846],{"id":65841},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65843,64586],{},[15,65845,65575],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65848,65849,65850,6343],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65851,40418],{},[988,65853,1577,65855,65857],{"id":65854},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65856,64586],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65859,65860],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[988,65862,65864,65865,2199],{"id":65863},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65866,58687],{},[20,65868,65869,65870,4104,65872,65874],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65871,35785],{},[15,65873,52379],{}," arguments.",[160,65876,1613],{"id":1612},[176,65878,65879,65883,65887,65891],{},[179,65880,65881],{},[195,65882,58675],{"href":65016},[179,65884,65885],{},[195,65886,52490],{"href":54289},[179,65888,65889],{},[195,65890,65560],{"href":65559},[179,65892,65893],{},[195,65894,55239,65895,1627],{"href":58746},[15,65896,57009],{},[1642,65898,65899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":65901},[65902,65903,65905,65906,65907,65908,65909,65911,65912,65913,65915,65925],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":64683,"depth":75,"text":65904},"What list.index() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733},{"id":64891,"depth":75,"text":64892},{"id":65020,"depth":75,"text":65021},{"id":65127,"depth":75,"text":65910},"Using start and end",{"id":65350,"depth":75,"text":65351},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244},{"id":65808,"depth":75,"text":65914},"When to use index()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":65916},[65917,65919,65921,65923],{"id":65833,"depth":99,"text":65918},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65841,"depth":99,"text":65920},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65854,"depth":99,"text":65922},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65863,"depth":99,"text":65924},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64574,"description":65926},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65933,"title":65934,"body":65935,"description":67877,"extension":1670,"meta":67878,"navigation":102,"path":67879,"seo":67880,"stem":67881,"__hash__":67882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65936,"toc":67837},[65937,65942,65947,65950,65959,66016,66022,66027,66031,66045,66051,66053,66076,66093,66095,66156,66158,66190,66203,66205,66208,66308,66310,66388,66394,66398,66406,66410,66416,66471,66473,66497,66501,66504,66557,66559,66583,66587,66590,66643,66645,66669,66673,66679,66750,66752,66793,66799,66806,66809,66814,66822,66827,66835,66837,66934,66936,67005,67012,67017,67019,67023,67028,67030,67101,67103,67132,67138,67140,67167,67170,67193,67197,67200,67222,67225,67248,67250,67310,67312,67344,67350,67355,67408,67410,67435,67438,67487,67489,67510,67514,67519,67522,67577,67579,67606,67613,67617,67622,67693,67696,67710,67715,67720,67722,67736,67748,67753,67755,67760,67765,67769,67772,67778,67784,67791,67799,67801,67834],[10,65938,54061,65940,18],{"id":65939},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65941,53987],{},[20,65943,65944,65946],{},[15,65945,53630],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65948,65949],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65951,154,65952,65954,65955,117],{},[15,65953,53987],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[195,65956,55239,65957,1627],{"href":56488},[15,65958,52371],{},[30,65960,65962],{"className":32,"code":65961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65963,65964,65984,66002,66012],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65965,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65967,1379],{"class":45},[39,65969,50],{"class":49},[39,65971,3327],{"class":53},[39,65973,58],{"class":57},[39,65975,61],{"class":53},[39,65977,64],{"class":57},[39,65979,61],{"class":53},[39,65981,94],{"class":57},[39,65983,3340],{"class":53},[39,65985,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,65987,1457],{"class":45},[39,65989,117],{"class":53},[39,65991,53670],{"class":120},[39,65993,124],{"class":53},[39,65995,85],{"class":57},[39,65997,61],{"class":53},[39,65999,69],{"class":57},[39,66001,130],{"class":53},[39,66003,66004,66006,66008,66010],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66005,137],{"class":136},[39,66007,124],{"class":53},[39,66009,1457],{"class":120},[39,66011,130],{"class":53},[39,66013,66014],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,66015,52442],{"class":150},[20,66017,154,66018,66021],{},[15,66019,66020],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[160,66023,3383,66025,3386],{"id":66024},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66026,53630],{},[20,66028,66029,1250],{},[15,66030,53630],{},[176,66032,66033,66036,66039,66041],{},[179,66034,66035],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[179,66037,66038],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[179,66040,54147],{},[179,66042,11137,66043],{},[15,66044,3484],{},[20,66046,66047,66048,66050],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66049,53987],{}," does not create a new list.",[160,66052,5143],{"id":5142},[30,66054,66056],{"className":32,"code":66055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66057,66058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66059,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66061,8056],{"class":45},[39,66063,117],{"class":53},[39,66065,53670],{"class":120},[39,66067,124],{"class":53},[39,66069,35558],{"class":120},[39,66071,61],{"class":53},[39,66073,29216],{"class":120},[39,66075,130],{"class":53},[176,66077,66078,66083,66088],{},[179,66079,66080,66082],{},[15,66081,35558],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[179,66084,66085,66087],{},[15,66086,23017],{}," is the value to add",[179,66089,66090,66091],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66092,1826],{},[20,66094,267],{},[30,66096,66098],{"className":32,"code":66097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66099,66100,66124,66146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66101,66102,66104,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66103,35803],{"class":45},[39,66105,50],{"class":49},[39,66107,3327],{"class":53},[39,66109,562],{"class":517},[39,66111,195],{"class":521},[39,66113,562],{"class":517},[39,66115,61],{"class":53},[39,66117,572],{"class":517},[39,66119,9454],{"class":521},[39,66121,562],{"class":517},[39,66123,3340],{"class":53},[39,66125,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66127,35856],{"class":45},[39,66129,117],{"class":53},[39,66131,53670],{"class":120},[39,66133,124],{"class":53},[39,66135,58],{"class":57},[39,66137,61],{"class":53},[39,66139,572],{"class":517},[39,66141,127],{"class":521},[39,66143,562],{"class":517},[39,66145,130],{"class":53},[39,66147,66148,66150,66152,66154],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66149,137],{"class":136},[39,66151,124],{"class":53},[39,66153,35856],{"class":120},[39,66155,130],{"class":53},[20,66157,353],{},[30,66159,66160],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66161,66162],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66165,3609],{"class":53},[39,66167,524],{"class":517},[39,66169,195],{"class":521},[39,66171,524],{"class":517},[39,66173,61],{"class":53},[39,66175,518],{"class":517},[39,66177,127],{"class":521},[39,66179,524],{"class":517},[39,66181,61],{"class":53},[39,66183,518],{"class":517},[39,66185,9454],{"class":521},[39,66187,524],{"class":517},[39,66189,3340],{"class":53},[20,66191,20478,66192,66194,66195,66197,66198,4104,66200,117],{},[15,66193,65316],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66196,58],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66199,17802],{},[15,66201,66202],{},"\"c\"",[160,66204,5500],{"id":5499},[20,66206,66207],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[30,66209,66211],{"className":32,"code":66210,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66212,66213,66245,66263,66267,66289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66214,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66216,12786],{"class":45},[39,66218,50],{"class":49},[39,66220,3327],{"class":53},[39,66222,562],{"class":517},[39,66224,565],{"class":521},[39,66226,562],{"class":517},[39,66228,61],{"class":53},[39,66230,572],{"class":517},[39,66232,575],{"class":521},[39,66234,562],{"class":517},[39,66236,61],{"class":53},[39,66238,572],{"class":517},[39,66240,584],{"class":521},[39,66242,562],{"class":517},[39,66244,3340],{"class":53},[39,66246,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66248,137],{"class":136},[39,66250,124],{"class":53},[39,66252,562],{"class":517},[39,66254,11276],{"class":521},[39,66256,562],{"class":517},[39,66258,61],{"class":53},[39,66260,12832],{"class":120},[39,66262,130],{"class":53},[39,66264,66265],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66266,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,66268,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,66270,17209],{"class":45},[39,66272,117],{"class":53},[39,66274,53670],{"class":120},[39,66276,124],{"class":53},[39,66278,58],{"class":57},[39,66280,61],{"class":53},[39,66282,572],{"class":517},[39,66284,610],{"class":521},[39,66286,562],{"class":517},[39,66288,130],{"class":53},[39,66290,66291,66293,66295,66297,66300,66302,66304,66306],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,66292,137],{"class":136},[39,66294,124],{"class":53},[39,66296,562],{"class":517},[39,66298,66299],{"class":521},"After: ",[39,66301,562],{"class":517},[39,66303,61],{"class":53},[39,66305,12832],{"class":120},[39,66307,130],{"class":53},[20,66309,353],{},[30,66311,66313],{"className":32,"code":66312,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66314,66315,66347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66316,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66318,11336],{"class":45},[39,66320,1250],{"class":53},[39,66322,3327],{"class":53},[39,66324,524],{"class":517},[39,66326,565],{"class":521},[39,66328,524],{"class":517},[39,66330,61],{"class":53},[39,66332,518],{"class":517},[39,66334,575],{"class":521},[39,66336,524],{"class":517},[39,66338,61],{"class":53},[39,66340,518],{"class":517},[39,66342,584],{"class":521},[39,66344,524],{"class":517},[39,66346,3340],{"class":53},[39,66348,66349,66351,66353,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66350,11389],{"class":45},[39,66352,1250],{"class":53},[39,66354,66355],{"class":53},"  [",[39,66357,524],{"class":517},[39,66359,565],{"class":521},[39,66361,524],{"class":517},[39,66363,61],{"class":53},[39,66365,518],{"class":517},[39,66367,610],{"class":521},[39,66369,524],{"class":517},[39,66371,61],{"class":53},[39,66373,518],{"class":517},[39,66375,575],{"class":521},[39,66377,524],{"class":517},[39,66379,61],{"class":53},[39,66381,518],{"class":517},[39,66383,584],{"class":521},[39,66385,524],{"class":517},[39,66387,3340],{"class":53},[20,66389,66390,66391,66393],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66392,58],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[160,66395,66397],{"id":66396},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66399,22,66400,35041,66402,66405],{},[15,66401,35558],{},[15,66403,66404],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[988,66407,66409],{"id":66408},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66411,66412,66413,66415],{},"Use index ",[15,66414,1826],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[30,66417,66419],{"className":32,"code":66418,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66420,66421,66442,66461],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66422,66423,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66424,66425],{"class":45},"nums ",[39,66427,50],{"class":49},[39,66429,3327],{"class":53},[39,66431,85],{"class":57},[39,66433,61],{"class":53},[39,66435,69],{"class":57},[39,66437,61],{"class":53},[39,66439,94],{"class":57},[39,66441,3340],{"class":53},[39,66443,66444,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455,66457,66459],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66445,66446],{"class":45},"nums",[39,66448,117],{"class":53},[39,66450,53670],{"class":120},[39,66452,124],{"class":53},[39,66454,1826],{"class":57},[39,66456,61],{"class":53},[39,66458,5210],{"class":57},[39,66460,130],{"class":53},[39,66462,66463,66465,66467,66469],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66464,137],{"class":136},[39,66466,124],{"class":53},[39,66468,66446],{"class":120},[39,66470,130],{"class":53},[20,66472,353],{},[30,66474,66475],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66476,66477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66478,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66480,3609],{"class":53},[39,66482,58],{"class":57},[39,66484,61],{"class":53},[39,66486,64],{"class":57},[39,66488,61],{"class":53},[39,66490,69],{"class":57},[39,66492,61],{"class":53},[39,66494,94],{"class":57},[39,66496,3340],{"class":53},[988,66498,66500],{"id":66499},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66502,66503],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[30,66505,66507],{"className":32,"code":66506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66508,66509,66529,66547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66510,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66512,66425],{"class":45},[39,66514,50],{"class":49},[39,66516,3327],{"class":53},[39,66518,58],{"class":57},[39,66520,61],{"class":53},[39,66522,64],{"class":57},[39,66524,61],{"class":53},[39,66526,94],{"class":57},[39,66528,3340],{"class":53},[39,66530,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66532,66446],{"class":45},[39,66534,117],{"class":53},[39,66536,53670],{"class":120},[39,66538,124],{"class":53},[39,66540,85],{"class":57},[39,66542,61],{"class":53},[39,66544,69],{"class":57},[39,66546,130],{"class":53},[39,66548,66549,66551,66553,66555],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66550,137],{"class":136},[39,66552,124],{"class":53},[39,66554,66446],{"class":120},[39,66556,130],{"class":53},[20,66558,353],{},[30,66560,66561],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66562,66563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66564,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66566,3609],{"class":53},[39,66568,58],{"class":57},[39,66570,61],{"class":53},[39,66572,64],{"class":57},[39,66574,61],{"class":53},[39,66576,69],{"class":57},[39,66578,61],{"class":53},[39,66580,94],{"class":57},[39,66582,3340],{"class":53},[988,66584,66586],{"id":66585},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66588,66589],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[30,66591,66593],{"className":32,"code":66592,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66594,66595,66615,66633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66596,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66598,66425],{"class":45},[39,66600,50],{"class":49},[39,66602,3327],{"class":53},[39,66604,58],{"class":57},[39,66606,61],{"class":53},[39,66608,64],{"class":57},[39,66610,61],{"class":53},[39,66612,69],{"class":57},[39,66614,3340],{"class":53},[39,66616,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66618,66446],{"class":45},[39,66620,117],{"class":53},[39,66622,53670],{"class":120},[39,66624,124],{"class":53},[39,66626,2037],{"class":57},[39,66628,61],{"class":53},[39,66630,94],{"class":57},[39,66632,130],{"class":53},[39,66634,66635,66637,66639,66641],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66636,137],{"class":136},[39,66638,124],{"class":53},[39,66640,66446],{"class":120},[39,66642,130],{"class":53},[20,66644,353],{},[30,66646,66647],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66648,66649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66650,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66652,3609],{"class":53},[39,66654,58],{"class":57},[39,66656,61],{"class":53},[39,66658,64],{"class":57},[39,66660,61],{"class":53},[39,66662,69],{"class":57},[39,66664,61],{"class":53},[39,66666,94],{"class":57},[39,66668,3340],{"class":53},[988,66670,66672],{"id":66671},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66674,66675,66676,66678],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66677,53987],{}," places the item before that position.",[30,66680,66682],{"className":32,"code":66681,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66683,66684,66716,66740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66685,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66687,35803],{"class":45},[39,66689,50],{"class":49},[39,66691,3327],{"class":53},[39,66693,562],{"class":517},[39,66695,195],{"class":521},[39,66697,562],{"class":517},[39,66699,61],{"class":53},[39,66701,572],{"class":517},[39,66703,127],{"class":521},[39,66705,562],{"class":517},[39,66707,61],{"class":53},[39,66709,572],{"class":517},[39,66711,18474],{"class":521},[39,66713,562],{"class":517},[39,66715,3340],{"class":53},[39,66717,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66719,35856],{"class":45},[39,66721,117],{"class":53},[39,66723,53670],{"class":120},[39,66725,124],{"class":53},[39,66727,1730],{"class":49},[39,66729,58],{"class":57},[39,66731,61],{"class":53},[39,66733,572],{"class":517},[39,66735,9454],{"class":521},[39,66737,562],{"class":517},[39,66739,130],{"class":53},[39,66741,66742,66744,66746,66748],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66743,137],{"class":136},[39,66745,124],{"class":53},[39,66747,35856],{"class":120},[39,66749,130],{"class":53},[20,66751,353],{},[30,66753,66755],{"className":32,"code":66754,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66756,66757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66758,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66760,3609],{"class":53},[39,66762,524],{"class":517},[39,66764,195],{"class":521},[39,66766,524],{"class":517},[39,66768,61],{"class":53},[39,66770,518],{"class":517},[39,66772,127],{"class":521},[39,66774,524],{"class":517},[39,66776,61],{"class":53},[39,66778,518],{"class":517},[39,66780,9454],{"class":521},[39,66782,524],{"class":517},[39,66784,61],{"class":53},[39,66786,518],{"class":517},[39,66788,18474],{"class":521},[39,66790,524],{"class":517},[39,66792,3340],{"class":53},[20,66794,66795,66796,2010],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[195,66797,66798],{"href":50697},"Python lists beginner guide",[160,66800,66802,980,66804],{"id":66801},"insert-vs-append",[15,66803,53987],{},[15,66805,52371],{},[20,66807,66808],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[988,66810,154,66812,10315],{"id":66811},"use-insert-when",[15,66813,53987],{},[176,66815,66816,66819],{},[179,66817,66818],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[179,66820,66821],{},"The order of the list matters",[988,66823,154,66825,10315],{"id":66824},"use-append-when",[15,66826,52371],{},[176,66828,66829,66832],{},[179,66830,66831],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[179,66833,66834],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66836,267],{},[30,66838,66840],{"className":32,"code":66839,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66841,66842,66866,66870,66892,66902,66906,66924],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66843,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66845,7494],{"class":45},[39,66847,50],{"class":49},[39,66849,3327],{"class":53},[39,66851,562],{"class":517},[39,66853,3789],{"class":521},[39,66855,562],{"class":517},[39,66857,61],{"class":53},[39,66859,572],{"class":517},[39,66861,32930],{"class":521},[39,66863,562],{"class":517},[39,66865,3340],{"class":53},[39,66867,66868],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66869,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,66871,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,66873,7525],{"class":45},[39,66875,117],{"class":53},[39,66877,53670],{"class":120},[39,66879,124],{"class":53},[39,66881,58],{"class":57},[39,66883,61],{"class":53},[39,66885,572],{"class":517},[39,66887,3798],{"class":521},[39,66889,562],{"class":517},[39,66891,130],{"class":53},[39,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,66895,137],{"class":136},[39,66897,124],{"class":53},[39,66899,7525],{"class":120},[39,66901,130],{"class":53},[39,66903,66904],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,66905,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,66907,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,66909,7525],{"class":45},[39,66911,117],{"class":53},[39,66913,13262],{"class":120},[39,66915,124],{"class":53},[39,66917,562],{"class":517},[39,66919,22239],{"class":521},[39,66921,562],{"class":517},[39,66923,130],{"class":53},[39,66925,66926,66928,66930,66932],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,66927,137],{"class":136},[39,66929,124],{"class":53},[39,66931,7525],{"class":120},[39,66933,130],{"class":53},[20,66935,353],{},[30,66937,66939],{"className":32,"code":66938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66940,66941,66969],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66944,3609],{"class":53},[39,66946,524],{"class":517},[39,66948,3789],{"class":521},[39,66950,524],{"class":517},[39,66952,61],{"class":53},[39,66954,518],{"class":517},[39,66956,3798],{"class":521},[39,66958,524],{"class":517},[39,66960,61],{"class":53},[39,66962,518],{"class":517},[39,66964,32930],{"class":521},[39,66966,524],{"class":517},[39,66968,3340],{"class":53},[39,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,66972,3609],{"class":53},[39,66974,524],{"class":517},[39,66976,3789],{"class":521},[39,66978,524],{"class":517},[39,66980,61],{"class":53},[39,66982,518],{"class":517},[39,66984,3798],{"class":521},[39,66986,524],{"class":517},[39,66988,61],{"class":53},[39,66990,518],{"class":517},[39,66992,32930],{"class":521},[39,66994,524],{"class":517},[39,66996,61],{"class":53},[39,66998,518],{"class":517},[39,67000,22239],{"class":521},[39,67002,524],{"class":517},[39,67004,3340],{"class":53},[20,67006,67007,67008,117],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[195,67009,55239,67010,1627],{"href":56488},[15,67011,52371],{},[20,67013,67014,67015,117],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[195,67016,52768],{"href":52767},[160,67018,1244],{"id":1243},[20,67020,1247,67021,117],{},[15,67022,53987],{},[988,67024,12307,67026],{"id":67025},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67027,53987],{},[20,67029,25398],{},[30,67031,67033],{"className":32,"code":67032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67034,67035,67055,67077,67081,67091],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67036,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67038,1379],{"class":45},[39,67040,50],{"class":49},[39,67042,3327],{"class":53},[39,67044,58],{"class":57},[39,67046,61],{"class":53},[39,67048,64],{"class":57},[39,67050,61],{"class":53},[39,67052,69],{"class":57},[39,67054,3340],{"class":53},[39,67056,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67058,109],{"class":45},[39,67060,50],{"class":49},[39,67062,1433],{"class":45},[39,67064,117],{"class":53},[39,67066,53670],{"class":120},[39,67068,124],{"class":53},[39,67070,58],{"class":57},[39,67072,61],{"class":53},[39,67074,9912],{"class":57},[39,67076,130],{"class":53},[39,67078,67079],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67080,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,67082,67083,67085,67087,67089],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,67084,137],{"class":136},[39,67086,124],{"class":53},[39,67088,142],{"class":120},[39,67090,130],{"class":53},[39,67092,67093,67095,67097,67099],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,67094,137],{"class":136},[39,67096,124],{"class":53},[39,67098,1457],{"class":120},[39,67100,130],{"class":53},[20,67102,353],{},[30,67104,67106],{"className":32,"code":67105,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67107,67108,67112],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67109,67110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67111,11520],{"class":3559},[39,67113,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67115,3609],{"class":53},[39,67117,58],{"class":57},[39,67119,61],{"class":53},[39,67121,9912],{"class":57},[39,67123,61],{"class":53},[39,67125,64],{"class":57},[39,67127,61],{"class":53},[39,67129,69],{"class":57},[39,67131,3340],{"class":53},[20,67133,67134,53872,67136,117],{},[15,67135,53987],{},[15,67137,3484],{},[20,67139,16353],{},[30,67141,67143],{"className":32,"code":67142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67144,67145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67146,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67148,55609],{"class":45},[39,67150,50],{"class":49},[39,67152,1433],{"class":45},[39,67154,117],{"class":53},[39,67156,53670],{"class":120},[39,67158,124],{"class":53},[39,67160,58],{"class":57},[39,67162,61],{"class":53},[39,67164,9912],{"class":57},[39,67166,130],{"class":53},[20,67168,67169],{},"Right:",[30,67171,67173],{"className":32,"code":67172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67174,67175],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67178,1457],{"class":45},[39,67180,117],{"class":53},[39,67182,53670],{"class":120},[39,67184,124],{"class":53},[39,67186,58],{"class":57},[39,67188,61],{"class":53},[39,67190,9912],{"class":57},[39,67192,130],{"class":53},[988,67194,67196],{"id":67195},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67198,67199],{},"The correct order is:",[30,67201,67202],{"className":32,"code":66055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67203,67204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67205,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67207,8056],{"class":45},[39,67209,117],{"class":53},[39,67211,53670],{"class":120},[39,67213,124],{"class":53},[39,67215,35558],{"class":120},[39,67217,61],{"class":53},[39,67219,29216],{"class":120},[39,67221,130],{"class":53},[20,67223,67224],{},"Not:",[30,67226,67228],{"className":32,"code":67227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67229,67230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67231,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67233,8056],{"class":45},[39,67235,117],{"class":53},[39,67237,53670],{"class":120},[39,67239,124],{"class":53},[39,67241,23017],{"class":120},[39,67243,61],{"class":53},[39,67245,35533],{"class":120},[39,67247,130],{"class":53},[20,67249,267],{},[30,67251,67252],{"className":32,"code":66097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67253,67254,67278,67300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67255,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67257,35803],{"class":45},[39,67259,50],{"class":49},[39,67261,3327],{"class":53},[39,67263,562],{"class":517},[39,67265,195],{"class":521},[39,67267,562],{"class":517},[39,67269,61],{"class":53},[39,67271,572],{"class":517},[39,67273,9454],{"class":521},[39,67275,562],{"class":517},[39,67277,3340],{"class":53},[39,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67281,35856],{"class":45},[39,67283,117],{"class":53},[39,67285,53670],{"class":120},[39,67287,124],{"class":53},[39,67289,58],{"class":57},[39,67291,61],{"class":53},[39,67293,572],{"class":517},[39,67295,127],{"class":521},[39,67297,562],{"class":517},[39,67299,130],{"class":53},[39,67301,67302,67304,67306,67308],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67303,137],{"class":136},[39,67305,124],{"class":53},[39,67307,35856],{"class":120},[39,67309,130],{"class":53},[20,67311,353],{},[30,67313,67314],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67315,67316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67317,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67319,3609],{"class":53},[39,67321,524],{"class":517},[39,67323,195],{"class":521},[39,67325,524],{"class":517},[39,67327,61],{"class":53},[39,67329,518],{"class":517},[39,67331,127],{"class":521},[39,67333,524],{"class":517},[39,67335,61],{"class":53},[39,67337,518],{"class":517},[39,67339,9454],{"class":521},[39,67341,524],{"class":517},[39,67343,3340],{"class":53},[988,67345,8170,67347,67349],{"id":67346},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67348,53987],{}," to replace an item",[20,67351,67352,67354],{},[15,67353,53987],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[30,67356,67358],{"className":32,"code":67357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67359,67360,67380,67398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67361,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67363,1379],{"class":45},[39,67365,50],{"class":49},[39,67367,3327],{"class":53},[39,67369,58],{"class":57},[39,67371,61],{"class":53},[39,67373,64],{"class":57},[39,67375,61],{"class":53},[39,67377,69],{"class":57},[39,67379,3340],{"class":53},[39,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67383,1457],{"class":45},[39,67385,117],{"class":53},[39,67387,53670],{"class":120},[39,67389,124],{"class":53},[39,67391,58],{"class":57},[39,67393,61],{"class":53},[39,67395,9912],{"class":57},[39,67397,130],{"class":53},[39,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67401,137],{"class":136},[39,67403,124],{"class":53},[39,67405,1457],{"class":120},[39,67407,130],{"class":53},[20,67409,353],{},[30,67411,67413],{"className":32,"code":67412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67414,67415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67416,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67418,3609],{"class":53},[39,67420,58],{"class":57},[39,67422,61],{"class":53},[39,67424,9912],{"class":57},[39,67426,61],{"class":53},[39,67428,64],{"class":57},[39,67430,61],{"class":53},[39,67432,69],{"class":57},[39,67434,3340],{"class":53},[20,67436,67437],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[30,67439,67441],{"className":32,"code":67440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67442,67443,67463,67477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67444,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67446,1379],{"class":45},[39,67448,50],{"class":49},[39,67450,3327],{"class":53},[39,67452,58],{"class":57},[39,67454,61],{"class":53},[39,67456,64],{"class":57},[39,67458,61],{"class":53},[39,67460,69],{"class":57},[39,67462,3340],{"class":53},[39,67464,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67466,1457],{"class":45},[39,67468,3609],{"class":53},[39,67470,58],{"class":57},[39,67472,12982],{"class":53},[39,67474,12985],{"class":49},[39,67476,13840],{"class":57},[39,67478,67479,67481,67483,67485],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67480,137],{"class":136},[39,67482,124],{"class":53},[39,67484,1457],{"class":120},[39,67486,130],{"class":53},[20,67488,353],{},[30,67490,67492],{"className":32,"code":67491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67493,67494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67495,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67497,3609],{"class":53},[39,67499,58],{"class":57},[39,67501,61],{"class":53},[39,67503,9912],{"class":57},[39,67505,61],{"class":53},[39,67507,69],{"class":57},[39,67509,3340],{"class":53},[988,67511,67513],{"id":67512},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67515,67516,67518],{},[15,67517,53987],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67520,67521],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[30,67523,67525],{"className":32,"code":67524,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67526,67527,67543,67567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67528,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67530,1379],{"class":45},[39,67532,50],{"class":49},[39,67534,3327],{"class":53},[39,67536,58],{"class":57},[39,67538,61],{"class":53},[39,67540,94],{"class":57},[39,67542,3340],{"class":53},[39,67544,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67546,1457],{"class":45},[39,67548,117],{"class":53},[39,67550,53670],{"class":120},[39,67552,124],{"class":53},[39,67554,58],{"class":57},[39,67556,61],{"class":53},[39,67558,3327],{"class":53},[39,67560,85],{"class":57},[39,67562,61],{"class":53},[39,67564,69],{"class":57},[39,67566,3597],{"class":53},[39,67568,67569,67571,67573,67575],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67570,137],{"class":136},[39,67572,124],{"class":53},[39,67574,1457],{"class":120},[39,67576,130],{"class":53},[20,67578,353],{},[30,67580,67582],{"className":32,"code":67581,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67583,67584],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67585,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67587,3609],{"class":53},[39,67589,58],{"class":57},[39,67591,61],{"class":53},[39,67593,3327],{"class":53},[39,67595,85],{"class":57},[39,67597,61],{"class":53},[39,67599,69],{"class":57},[39,67601,930],{"class":53},[39,67603,94],{"class":57},[39,67605,3340],{"class":53},[20,67607,67608,67609,117],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[195,67610,55239,67611,1627],{"href":53063},[15,67612,53165],{},[988,67614,67616],{"id":67615},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67618,8592,67619,67621],{},[15,67620,53987],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[30,67623,67625],{"className":32,"code":67624,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67626,67627,67637,67651,67669,67683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67630,137],{"class":136},[39,67632,124],{"class":53},[39,67634,8056],{"class":120},[39,67636,130],{"class":53},[39,67638,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67640,137],{"class":136},[39,67642,124],{"class":53},[39,67644,1361],{"class":136},[39,67646,124],{"class":53},[39,67648,8056],{"class":120},[39,67650,486],{"class":53},[39,67652,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67654,137],{"class":136},[39,67656,124],{"class":53},[39,67658,8056],{"class":120},[39,67660,117],{"class":53},[39,67662,53670],{"class":24457},[39,67664,117],{"class":53},[39,67666,34156],{"class":34163},[39,67668,130],{"class":53},[39,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,67672,31861],{"class":136},[39,67674,124],{"class":53},[39,67676,7810],{"class":478},[39,67678,117],{"class":53},[39,67680,53670],{"class":24457},[39,67682,130],{"class":53},[39,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,67686,479],{"class":478},[39,67688,124],{"class":53},[39,67690,8056],{"class":120},[39,67692,130],{"class":53},[20,67694,67695],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[176,67697,67698,67701,67704,67707],{},[179,67699,67700],{},"What is currently in the list",[179,67702,67703],{},"How long the list is",[179,67705,67706],{},"That you are working with a real list",[179,67708,67709],{},"How Python describes the method",[160,67711,4671,67713],{"id":67712},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67714,53987],{},[20,67716,154,67717,67719],{},[15,67718,53987],{}," when position matters.",[20,67721,36139],{},[176,67723,67724,67727,67730,67733],{},[179,67725,67726],{},"Ordered menus",[179,67728,67729],{},"Rankings or score lists",[179,67731,67732],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[179,67734,67735],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67737,67738,67739,67741,67742,67744,67745,67747],{},"You usually do ",[382,67740,4340],{}," need ",[15,67743,53987],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67746,52371],{}," is simpler.",[20,67749,67750,67751,117],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[195,67752,56873],{"href":56872},[160,67754,1563],{"id":1562},[988,67756,1567,67758,55188],{"id":67757},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67759,53630],{},[20,67761,67762,67763,117],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67764,3484],{},[988,67766,67768],{"id":67767},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67770,67771],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[988,67773,1577,67775,67777],{"id":67774},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67776,53630],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67779,67780,67781,67783],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67782,53165],{}," or slicing.",[988,67785,4890,67787,4104,67789,2199],{"id":67786},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67788,53987],{},[15,67790,52371],{},[20,67792,67793,67795,67796,67798],{},[15,67794,53987],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67797,52371],{}," adds only at the end.",[160,67800,1613],{"id":1612},[176,67802,67803,67809,67815,67819,67823,67827],{},[179,67804,67805],{},[195,67806,55239,67807,1627],{"href":56488},[15,67808,52371],{},[179,67810,67811],{},[195,67812,55239,67813,1627],{"href":53063},[15,67814,53165],{},[179,67816,67817],{},[195,67818,53997],{"href":52767},[179,67820,67821],{},[195,67822,52490],{"href":50697},[179,67824,67825],{},[195,67826,56947],{"href":56872},[179,67828,67829],{},[195,67830,30056,67831,33343],{"href":54015},[15,67832,67833],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1642,67835,67836],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":67838},[67839,67841,67842,67843,67849,67856,67865,67867,67876],{"id":66024,"depth":75,"text":67840},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143},{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":66396,"depth":75,"text":66397,"children":67844},[67845,67846,67847,67848],{"id":66408,"depth":99,"text":66409},{"id":66499,"depth":99,"text":66500},{"id":66585,"depth":99,"text":66586},{"id":66671,"depth":99,"text":66672},{"id":66801,"depth":75,"text":67850,"children":67851},"insert() vs append()",[67852,67854],{"id":66811,"depth":99,"text":67853},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66824,"depth":99,"text":67855},"Use append() when:",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":67857},[67858,67860,67861,67863,67864],{"id":67025,"depth":99,"text":67859},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67195,"depth":99,"text":67196},{"id":67346,"depth":99,"text":67862},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67512,"depth":99,"text":67513},{"id":67615,"depth":99,"text":67616},{"id":67712,"depth":75,"text":67866},"When to use insert()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":67868},[67869,67871,67872,67874],{"id":67757,"depth":99,"text":67870},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67767,"depth":99,"text":67768},{"id":67774,"depth":99,"text":67873},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67786,"depth":99,"text":67875},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65934,"description":67877},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67884,"title":67885,"body":67886,"description":69441,"extension":1670,"meta":69442,"navigation":102,"path":58692,"seo":69443,"stem":69444,"__hash__":69445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67887,"toc":69414},[67888,67894,67903,67952,67954,67962,67968,67970,67988,67994,67999,68002,68005,68020,68022,68074,68076,68084,68092,68099,68101,68107,68172,68174,68182,68184,68203,68206,68257,68261,68266,68293,68295,68303,68306,68375,68377,68392,68398,68402,68411,68414,68469,68471,68479,68482,68484,68529,68531,68539,68545,68547,68555,68558,68560,68599,68601,68640,68645,68647,68649,68684,68687,68689,68727,68731,68737,68739,68790,68792,68800,68807,68810,68831,68834,68889,68900,68902,68963,68965,68974,68981,68987,68990,68993,69050,69053,69066,69073,69079,69085,69087,69100,69103,69200,69202,69219,69222,69304,69306,69328,69335,69341,69343,69347,69353,69359,69364,69368,69371,69377,69384,69386,69411],[10,67889,67891,67892,3366],{"id":67890},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67893,1361],{},[20,67895,67896,67897,67899,67900,67902],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67898,42076],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67901,42076],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[30,67904,67906],{"className":32,"code":67905,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67907,67908,67928,67942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67909,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67911,1379],{"class":45},[39,67913,50],{"class":49},[39,67915,3327],{"class":53},[39,67917,2037],{"class":57},[39,67919,61],{"class":53},[39,67921,7505],{"class":57},[39,67923,61],{"class":53},[39,67925,7510],{"class":57},[39,67927,3340],{"class":53},[39,67929,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,67931,40956],{"class":45},[39,67933,50],{"class":49},[39,67935,38099],{"class":136},[39,67937,124],{"class":53},[39,67939,1457],{"class":120},[39,67941,130],{"class":53},[39,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,67945,137],{"class":136},[39,67947,124],{"class":53},[39,67949,40974],{"class":120},[39,67951,130],{"class":53},[20,67953,353],{},[30,67955,67956],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67957,67958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67959,67960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67961,46333],{"class":57},[20,67963,154,67964,67967],{},[15,67965,67966],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[160,67969,14872],{"id":14871},[176,67971,67972,67977,67982,67985],{},[179,67973,3909,67974,67976],{},[15,67975,42076],{}," works with Python lists",[179,67978,67979,67980,11417],{},"What value ",[15,67981,42076],{},[179,67983,67984],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[179,67986,67987],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[160,67989,3383,67991,67993],{"id":67990},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67992,42076],{}," returns for a list",[20,67995,67996,64806],{},[15,67997,67998],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68000,68001],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68003,68004],{},"A few important points:",[176,68006,68007,68010,68015],{},[179,68008,68009],{},"It counts list items",[179,68011,40620,68012,68014],{},[382,68013,4340],{}," count characters inside a string item",[179,68016,68017,68018],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68019,1826],{},[20,68021,267],{},[30,68023,68025],{"className":32,"code":68024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68026,68027,68060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68028,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68030,3780],{"class":45},[39,68032,50],{"class":49},[39,68034,3327],{"class":53},[39,68036,562],{"class":517},[39,68038,36761],{"class":521},[39,68040,562],{"class":517},[39,68042,61],{"class":53},[39,68044,572],{"class":517},[39,68046,68047],{"class":521},"elephant",[39,68049,562],{"class":517},[39,68051,61],{"class":53},[39,68053,572],{"class":517},[39,68055,57846],{"class":521},[39,68057,562],{"class":517},[39,68059,3340],{"class":53},[39,68061,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68063,137],{"class":136},[39,68065,124],{"class":53},[39,68067,1361],{"class":136},[39,68069,124],{"class":53},[39,68071,3824],{"class":120},[39,68073,486],{"class":53},[20,68075,353],{},[30,68077,68078],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68079,68080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68081,68082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68083,46333],{"class":57},[20,68085,20685,68086,68089,68090,64813],{},[15,68087,68088],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[382,68091,52375],{},[20,68093,68094,68095,117],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[195,68096,13,68097,3213],{"href":42073},[15,68098,42076],{},[160,68100,5500],{"id":5499},[20,68102,68103,68104,68106],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68105,42076],{},", and print the result.",[30,68108,68110],{"className":32,"code":68109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68111,68112,68144,68158,68162],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68113,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68115,12786],{"class":45},[39,68117,50],{"class":49},[39,68119,3327],{"class":53},[39,68121,562],{"class":517},[39,68123,565],{"class":521},[39,68125,562],{"class":517},[39,68127,61],{"class":53},[39,68129,572],{"class":517},[39,68131,584],{"class":521},[39,68133,562],{"class":517},[39,68135,61],{"class":53},[39,68137,572],{"class":517},[39,68139,575],{"class":521},[39,68141,562],{"class":517},[39,68143,3340],{"class":53},[39,68145,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68147,40956],{"class":45},[39,68149,50],{"class":49},[39,68151,38099],{"class":136},[39,68153,124],{"class":53},[39,68155,17209],{"class":120},[39,68157,130],{"class":53},[39,68159,68160],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,68161,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,68163,68164,68166,68168,68170],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,68165,137],{"class":136},[39,68167,124],{"class":53},[39,68169,40974],{"class":120},[39,68171,130],{"class":53},[20,68173,353],{},[30,68175,68176],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68177,68178],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68179,68180],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68181,46333],{"class":57},[20,68183,692],{},[176,68185,68186,68191,68198],{},[179,68187,68188,68190],{},[15,68189,17209],{}," is a list with 3 items",[179,68192,68193,2104,68196],{},[15,68194,68195],{},"len(colors)",[15,68197,307],{},[179,68199,68200,68201],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68202,40974],{},[20,68204,68205],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[30,68207,68209],{"className":32,"code":68208,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68210,68211,68243],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68212,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68214,12786],{"class":45},[39,68216,50],{"class":49},[39,68218,3327],{"class":53},[39,68220,562],{"class":517},[39,68222,565],{"class":521},[39,68224,562],{"class":517},[39,68226,61],{"class":53},[39,68228,572],{"class":517},[39,68230,584],{"class":521},[39,68232,562],{"class":517},[39,68234,61],{"class":53},[39,68236,572],{"class":517},[39,68238,575],{"class":521},[39,68240,562],{"class":517},[39,68242,3340],{"class":53},[39,68244,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68246,137],{"class":136},[39,68248,124],{"class":53},[39,68250,1361],{"class":136},[39,68252,124],{"class":53},[39,68254,17209],{"class":120},[39,68256,486],{"class":53},[160,68258,68260],{"id":68259},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68262,68263,68264,117],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68265,1826],{},[30,68267,68269],{"className":32,"code":68268,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68270,68271,68279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68272,68273,68275,68277],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68274,7494],{"class":45},[39,68276,50],{"class":49},[39,68278,7554],{"class":53},[39,68280,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68282,137],{"class":136},[39,68284,124],{"class":53},[39,68286,1361],{"class":136},[39,68288,124],{"class":53},[39,68290,7525],{"class":120},[39,68292,486],{"class":53},[20,68294,353],{},[30,68296,68297],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68298,68299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68300,68301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68302,46968],{"class":57},[20,68304,68305],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[30,68307,68309],{"className":32,"code":68308,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68310,68311,68319,68323,68341,68355,68361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68312,68313,68315,68317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68314,7494],{"class":45},[39,68316,50],{"class":49},[39,68318,7554],{"class":53},[39,68320,68321],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68322,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,68324,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,68326,6710],{"class":3584},[39,68328,38099],{"class":136},[39,68330,124],{"class":53},[39,68332,7525],{"class":120},[39,68334,3366],{"class":53},[39,68336,38109],{"class":49},[39,68338,3540],{"class":57},[39,68340,6107],{"class":53},[39,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,68344,7785],{"class":136},[39,68346,124],{"class":53},[39,68348,7525],{"class":120},[39,68350,3609],{"class":53},[39,68352,1826],{"class":57},[39,68354,3597],{"class":53},[39,68356,68357,68359],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,68358,27142],{"class":3584},[39,68360,6107],{"class":53},[39,68362,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,68364,7785],{"class":136},[39,68366,124],{"class":53},[39,68368,562],{"class":517},[39,68370,51534],{"class":521},[39,68372,562],{"class":517},[39,68374,130],{"class":53},[20,68376,353],{},[30,68378,68380],{"className":32,"code":68379,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The list is empty\n",[15,68381,68382],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68383,68384,68386,68388,68390],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68385,22],{"class":45},[39,68387,7810],{"class":478},[39,68389,7813],{"class":49},[39,68391,7819],{"class":45},[20,68393,68394,68395,68397],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[195,68396,52490],{"href":50697}," is a good next step.",[160,68399,68401],{"id":68400},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68403,68404,68406,68407,68410],{},[15,68405,42076],{}," counts only the ",[382,68408,68409],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68412,68413],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[30,68415,68417],{"className":32,"code":68416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68418,68419,68455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68420,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68422,8883],{"class":45},[39,68424,50],{"class":49},[39,68426,56013],{"class":53},[39,68428,58],{"class":57},[39,68430,61],{"class":53},[39,68432,64],{"class":57},[39,68434,930],{"class":53},[39,68436,3327],{"class":53},[39,68438,307],{"class":57},[39,68440,61],{"class":53},[39,68442,94],{"class":57},[39,68444,930],{"class":53},[39,68446,3327],{"class":53},[39,68448,1843],{"class":57},[39,68450,61],{"class":53},[39,68452,806],{"class":57},[39,68454,52961],{"class":53},[39,68456,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68458,137],{"class":136},[39,68460,124],{"class":53},[39,68462,1361],{"class":136},[39,68464,124],{"class":53},[39,68466,8922],{"class":120},[39,68468,486],{"class":53},[20,68470,353],{},[30,68472,68473],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68474,68475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68476,68477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68478,46333],{"class":57},[20,68480,68481],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68483,51798],{},[30,68485,68487],{"className":32,"code":68486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68488,68489,68515],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68490,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68492,59192],{"class":45},[39,68494,50],{"class":49},[39,68496,3327],{"class":53},[39,68498,58],{"class":57},[39,68500,61],{"class":53},[39,68502,3327],{"class":53},[39,68504,85],{"class":57},[39,68506,61],{"class":53},[39,68508,69],{"class":57},[39,68510,930],{"class":53},[39,68512,94],{"class":57},[39,68514,3340],{"class":53},[39,68516,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68518,137],{"class":136},[39,68520,124],{"class":53},[39,68522,1361],{"class":136},[39,68524,124],{"class":53},[39,68526,59245],{"class":120},[39,68528,486],{"class":53},[20,68530,353],{},[30,68532,68533],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68534,68535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68536,68537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68538,46333],{"class":57},[20,68540,20685,68541,68544],{},[15,68542,68543],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[160,68546,1244],{"id":1243},[988,68548,718,68550,10806,68553],{"id":68549},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68551,68552],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68554,67998],{},[20,68556,68557],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68559,16353],{},[30,68561,68563],{"className":32,"code":68562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68564,68565,68585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68566,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68568,1379],{"class":45},[39,68570,50],{"class":49},[39,68572,3327],{"class":53},[39,68574,2037],{"class":57},[39,68576,61],{"class":53},[39,68578,7505],{"class":57},[39,68580,61],{"class":53},[39,68582,7510],{"class":57},[39,68584,3340],{"class":53},[39,68586,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68588,137],{"class":136},[39,68590,124],{"class":53},[39,68592,1457],{"class":120},[39,68594,117],{"class":53},[39,68596,1361],{"class":120},[39,68598,6907],{"class":53},[20,68600,16365],{},[30,68602,68604],{"className":32,"code":68603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68605,68606,68626],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68607,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68609,1379],{"class":45},[39,68611,50],{"class":49},[39,68613,3327],{"class":53},[39,68615,2037],{"class":57},[39,68617,61],{"class":53},[39,68619,7505],{"class":57},[39,68621,61],{"class":53},[39,68623,7510],{"class":57},[39,68625,3340],{"class":53},[39,68627,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68629,137],{"class":136},[39,68631,124],{"class":53},[39,68633,1361],{"class":136},[39,68635,124],{"class":53},[39,68637,1457],{"class":120},[39,68639,486],{"class":53},[20,68641,68642,68644],{},[15,68643,42076],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[988,68646,25395],{"id":25394},[20,68648,16353],{},[30,68650,68652],{"className":32,"code":68651,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68653,68654,68674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68655,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68657,1379],{"class":45},[39,68659,50],{"class":49},[39,68661,3327],{"class":53},[39,68663,2037],{"class":57},[39,68665,61],{"class":53},[39,68667,7505],{"class":57},[39,68669,61],{"class":53},[39,68671,7510],{"class":57},[39,68673,3340],{"class":53},[39,68675,68676,68678,68680,68682],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68677,137],{"class":136},[39,68679,124],{"class":53},[39,68681,1361],{"class":136},[39,68683,130],{"class":53},[20,68685,68686],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68688,16365],{},[30,68690,68691],{"className":32,"code":68603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68692,68693,68713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68694,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68696,1379],{"class":45},[39,68698,50],{"class":49},[39,68700,3327],{"class":53},[39,68702,2037],{"class":57},[39,68704,61],{"class":53},[39,68706,7505],{"class":57},[39,68708,61],{"class":53},[39,68710,7510],{"class":57},[39,68712,3340],{"class":53},[39,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68716,137],{"class":136},[39,68718,124],{"class":53},[39,68720,1361],{"class":136},[39,68722,124],{"class":53},[39,68724,1457],{"class":120},[39,68726,486],{"class":53},[988,68728,68730],{"id":68729},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68732,68733,68734,68736],{},"The length of a list is ",[382,68735,4340],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68738,267],{},[30,68740,68742],{"className":32,"code":68741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68743,68744,68776],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68747,35803],{"class":45},[39,68749,50],{"class":49},[39,68751,3327],{"class":53},[39,68753,562],{"class":517},[39,68755,195],{"class":521},[39,68757,562],{"class":517},[39,68759,61],{"class":53},[39,68761,572],{"class":517},[39,68763,127],{"class":521},[39,68765,562],{"class":517},[39,68767,61],{"class":53},[39,68769,572],{"class":517},[39,68771,9454],{"class":521},[39,68773,562],{"class":517},[39,68775,3340],{"class":53},[39,68777,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68779,137],{"class":136},[39,68781,124],{"class":53},[39,68783,1361],{"class":136},[39,68785,124],{"class":53},[39,68787,35856],{"class":120},[39,68789,486],{"class":53},[20,68791,353],{},[30,68793,68794],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68795,68796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68797,68798],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68799,46333],{"class":57},[20,68801,68802,68803,18670,68805,117],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68804,85],{},[15,68806,307],{},[20,68808,68809],{},"Indexes are:",[176,68811,68812,68819,68825],{},[179,68813,68814,68816,68817],{},[15,68815,1826],{}," for ",[15,68818,17802],{},[179,68820,68821,68816,68823],{},[15,68822,58],{},[15,68824,65316],{},[179,68826,68827,68816,68829],{},[15,68828,85],{},[15,68830,66202],{},[20,68832,68833],{},"So this causes an error:",[30,68835,68837],{"className":32,"code":68836,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68838,68839,68871],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68840,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68842,35803],{"class":45},[39,68844,50],{"class":49},[39,68846,3327],{"class":53},[39,68848,562],{"class":517},[39,68850,195],{"class":521},[39,68852,562],{"class":517},[39,68854,61],{"class":53},[39,68856,572],{"class":517},[39,68858,127],{"class":521},[39,68860,562],{"class":517},[39,68862,61],{"class":53},[39,68864,572],{"class":517},[39,68866,9454],{"class":521},[39,68868,562],{"class":517},[39,68870,3340],{"class":53},[39,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68874,137],{"class":136},[39,68876,124],{"class":53},[39,68878,35856],{"class":120},[39,68880,3609],{"class":53},[39,68882,1361],{"class":136},[39,68884,124],{"class":53},[39,68886,35856],{"class":120},[39,68888,10393],{"class":53},[20,68890,8213,68891,4493,68894,68896,68897,68899],{},[15,68892,68893],{},"len(letters)",[15,68895,307],{},", and index ",[15,68898,307],{}," does not exist.",[20,68901,18547],{},[30,68903,68905],{"className":32,"code":68904,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68906,68907,68939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68908,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68910,35803],{"class":45},[39,68912,50],{"class":49},[39,68914,3327],{"class":53},[39,68916,562],{"class":517},[39,68918,195],{"class":521},[39,68920,562],{"class":517},[39,68922,61],{"class":53},[39,68924,572],{"class":517},[39,68926,127],{"class":521},[39,68928,562],{"class":517},[39,68930,61],{"class":53},[39,68932,572],{"class":517},[39,68934,9454],{"class":521},[39,68936,562],{"class":517},[39,68938,3340],{"class":53},[39,68940,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,68942,137],{"class":136},[39,68944,124],{"class":53},[39,68946,35856],{"class":120},[39,68948,3609],{"class":53},[39,68950,1361],{"class":136},[39,68952,124],{"class":53},[39,68954,35856],{"class":120},[39,68956,3366],{"class":53},[39,68958,1929],{"class":49},[39,68960,5210],{"class":57},[39,68962,3597],{"class":53},[20,68964,353],{},[30,68966,68968],{"className":32,"code":68967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"c\n",[15,68969,68970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68971,68972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68973,68967],{"class":45},[20,68975,68976,68977,117],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[195,68978,68980],{"href":68979},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[988,68982,718,68984,68986],{"id":68983},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68985,42076],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68988,68989],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68991,68992],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[30,68994,68996],{"className":32,"code":68995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68997,68998,69008,69022,69036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68999,69000,69002,69004,69006],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69001,137],{"class":136},[39,69003,124],{"class":53},[39,69005,8056],{"class":120},[39,69007,130],{"class":53},[39,69009,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69011,137],{"class":136},[39,69013,124],{"class":53},[39,69015,1361],{"class":136},[39,69017,124],{"class":53},[39,69019,8056],{"class":120},[39,69021,486],{"class":53},[39,69023,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69025,137],{"class":136},[39,69027,124],{"class":53},[39,69029,479],{"class":478},[39,69031,124],{"class":53},[39,69033,8056],{"class":120},[39,69035,486],{"class":53},[39,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69039,137],{"class":136},[39,69041,124],{"class":53},[39,69043,8056],{"class":120},[39,69045,3609],{"class":53},[39,69047,1826],{"class":57},[39,69049,3597],{"class":53},[20,69051,69052],{},"These help you verify:",[176,69054,69055,69058,69060,69063],{},[179,69056,69057],{},"what the variable contains",[179,69059,60504],{},[179,69061,69062],{},"whether it is really a list",[179,69064,69065],{},"what the first item is",[20,69067,69068,69069,69072],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69070,69071],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[160,69074,4671,69076,69078],{"id":69075},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69077,42076],{}," with lists",[20,69080,69081,69082,69084],{},"You will often use ",[15,69083,42076],{}," in real programs.",[20,69086,9089],{},[176,69088,69089,69091,69094,69097],{},[179,69090,51488],{},[179,69092,69093],{},"Control loops",[179,69095,69096],{},"Validate input or results",[179,69098,69099],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69101,69102],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[30,69104,69106],{"className":32,"code":69105,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69107,69108,69128,69144,69148,69162,69176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69109,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69111,46],{"class":45},[39,69113,50],{"class":49},[39,69115,3327],{"class":53},[39,69117,58],{"class":57},[39,69119,61],{"class":53},[39,69121,64],{"class":57},[39,69123,61],{"class":53},[39,69125,69],{"class":57},[39,69127,3340],{"class":53},[39,69129,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69131,78],{"class":45},[39,69133,50],{"class":49},[39,69135,3327],{"class":53},[39,69137,2037],{"class":57},[39,69139,61],{"class":53},[39,69141,7505],{"class":57},[39,69143,3340],{"class":53},[39,69145,69146],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69147,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69149,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69151,137],{"class":136},[39,69153,124],{"class":53},[39,69155,1361],{"class":136},[39,69157,124],{"class":53},[39,69159,195],{"class":120},[39,69161,486],{"class":53},[39,69163,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,69165,137],{"class":136},[39,69167,124],{"class":53},[39,69169,1361],{"class":136},[39,69171,124],{"class":53},[39,69173,127],{"class":120},[39,69175,486],{"class":53},[39,69177,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,69179,137],{"class":136},[39,69181,124],{"class":53},[39,69183,1361],{"class":136},[39,69185,124],{"class":53},[39,69187,195],{"class":120},[39,69189,3366],{"class":53},[39,69191,38109],{"class":49},[39,69193,38099],{"class":136},[39,69195,124],{"class":53},[39,69197,127],{"class":120},[39,69199,486],{"class":53},[20,69201,353],{},[30,69203,69205],{"className":32,"code":69204,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69206,69207,69211,69215],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69208,69209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69210,46333],{"class":57},[39,69212,69213],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69214,1553],{"class":57},[39,69216,69217],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69218,3689],{"class":3559},[20,69220,69221],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[30,69223,69225],{"className":32,"code":69224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69226,69227,69259,69263,69285],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69228,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69230,4705],{"class":45},[39,69232,50],{"class":49},[39,69234,3327],{"class":53},[39,69236,562],{"class":517},[39,69238,12593],{"class":521},[39,69240,562],{"class":517},[39,69242,61],{"class":53},[39,69244,572],{"class":517},[39,69246,35653],{"class":521},[39,69248,562],{"class":517},[39,69250,61],{"class":53},[39,69252,572],{"class":517},[39,69254,35662],{"class":521},[39,69256,562],{"class":517},[39,69258,3340],{"class":53},[39,69260,69261],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69262,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69264,69265,69267,69270,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69266,5671],{"class":3584},[39,69268,69269],{"class":45}," i ",[39,69271,3591],{"class":3584},[39,69273,53789],{"class":136},[39,69275,124],{"class":53},[39,69277,1361],{"class":136},[39,69279,124],{"class":53},[39,69281,4749],{"class":120},[39,69283,69284],{"class":53},")):\n",[39,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69298,69300,69302],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69288,7785],{"class":136},[39,69290,124],{"class":53},[39,69292,35867],{"class":120},[39,69294,61],{"class":53},[39,69296,69297],{"class":120}," names",[39,69299,3609],{"class":53},[39,69301,35867],{"class":120},[39,69303,3597],{"class":53},[20,69305,353],{},[30,69307,69308],{"className":32,"code":35711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,69309,69310,69316,69322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69311,69312,69314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69313,1826],{"class":57},[39,69315,35720],{"class":45},[39,69317,69318,69320],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69319,58],{"class":57},[39,69321,35727],{"class":45},[39,69323,69324,69326],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69325,85],{"class":57},[39,69327,35734],{"class":45},[20,69329,69330,69331,117],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[195,69332,69334],{"href":69333},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69336,69337,69338,69340],{},"You can also read ",[195,69339,51265],{"href":51264}," for a task-focused guide.",[160,69342,1563],{"id":1562},[988,69344,69346],{"id":69345},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69348,154,69349,69352],{},[15,69350,69351],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[988,69354,4853,69356,12428],{"id":69355},"what-does-len-return",[15,69357,69358],{},"len([])",[20,69360,4859,69361,69363],{},[15,69362,1826],{}," because the list is empty.",[988,69365,69367],{"id":69366},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69369,69370],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[988,69372,28037,69374,69376],{"id":69373},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69375,68552],{}," in Python?",[20,69378,29979,69379,7939,69381,69383],{},[15,69380,67998],{},[15,69382,42076],{}," is a built-in function.",[160,69385,1613],{"id":1612},[176,69387,69388,69394,69398,69402,69406],{},[179,69389,69390],{},[195,69391,13,69392,3213],{"href":42073},[15,69393,42076],{},[179,69395,69396],{},[195,69397,52309],{"href":51264},[179,69399,69400],{},[195,69401,52490],{"href":50697},[179,69403,69404],{},[195,69405,68980],{"href":68979},[179,69407,69408],{},[195,69409,69410],{"href":69333},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1642,69412,69413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":69415},[69416,69417,69419,69420,69421,69422,69430,69432,69440],{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":67990,"depth":75,"text":69418},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":68259,"depth":75,"text":68260},{"id":68400,"depth":75,"text":68401},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":69423},[69424,69426,69427,69428],{"id":68549,"depth":99,"text":69425},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25394,"depth":99,"text":25395},{"id":68729,"depth":99,"text":68730},{"id":68983,"depth":99,"text":69429},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69075,"depth":75,"text":69431},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":69433},[69434,69435,69437,69438],{"id":69345,"depth":99,"text":69346},{"id":69355,"depth":99,"text":69436},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69366,"depth":99,"text":69367},{"id":69373,"depth":99,"text":69439},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67885,"description":69441},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69447,"title":69448,"body":69449,"description":71431,"extension":1670,"meta":71432,"navigation":102,"path":71433,"seo":71434,"stem":71435,"__hash__":71436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69450,"toc":71404},[69451,69454,69459,69462,69470,69483,69485,69550,69552,69574,69579,69583,69588,69596,69598,69608,69610,69691,69693,69723,69725,69744,69749,69766,69768,69852,69854,69884,69889,69893,69899,69983,69985,70015,70018,70022,70025,70116,70118,70156,70159,70244,70246,70276,70282,70289,70293,70298,70307,70309,70394,70396,70425,70428,70436,70440,70444,70453,70476,70478,70500,70502,70516,70518,70578,70582,70587,70626,70628,70645,70647,70657,70756,70761,70765,70770,70813,70815,70843,70845,70859,70934,70936,70958,70962,70965,70970,70981,70986,70994,70997,71068,71070,71095,71152,71154,71175,71184,71192,71197,71199,71204,71225,71228,71303,71306,71320,71327,71329,71333,71339,71343,71353,71357,71364,71368,71374,71376,71401],[10,69452,69448],{"id":69453},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69455,69456,69458],{},[15,69457,54801],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69460,69461],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[176,69463,69464,69467],{},[179,69465,69466],{},"delete an item from a list",[179,69468,69469],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69471,69472,69473,69475,69476,1285,69478,69482],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69474,12475],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69477,12475],{},[195,69479,69480],{"href":54791},[15,69481,55248],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[160,69484,1711],{"id":1710},[30,69486,69488],{"className":32,"code":69487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69489,69490,69510,69525,69529,69540],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69491,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69493,1379],{"class":45},[39,69495,50],{"class":49},[39,69497,3327],{"class":53},[39,69499,2037],{"class":57},[39,69501,61],{"class":53},[39,69503,7505],{"class":57},[39,69505,61],{"class":53},[39,69507,7510],{"class":57},[39,69509,3340],{"class":53},[39,69511,69512,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69513,69514],{"class":45},"last_item ",[39,69516,50],{"class":49},[39,69518,1433],{"class":45},[39,69520,117],{"class":53},[39,69522,25949],{"class":120},[39,69524,1609],{"class":53},[39,69526,69527],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69528,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69530,69531,69533,69535,69538],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69532,137],{"class":136},[39,69534,124],{"class":53},[39,69536,69537],{"class":120},"last_item",[39,69539,130],{"class":53},[39,69541,69542,69544,69546,69548],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,69543,137],{"class":136},[39,69545,124],{"class":53},[39,69547,1457],{"class":120},[39,69549,130],{"class":53},[20,69551,353],{},[30,69553,69555],{"className":32,"code":69554,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69556,69557,69562],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69558,69559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69560,69561],{"class":57},"30\n",[39,69563,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69565,3609],{"class":53},[39,69567,2037],{"class":57},[39,69569,61],{"class":53},[39,69571,7505],{"class":57},[39,69573,3340],{"class":53},[20,69575,154,69576,69578],{},[15,69577,12475],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[160,69580,69582],{"id":69581},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69584,69585,69587],{},[15,69586,12475],{}," has two main jobs:",[176,69589,69590,69593],{},[179,69591,69592],{},"It removes one item from a list",[179,69594,69595],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69597,43365],{},[176,69599,69600,69603,69606],{},[179,69601,69602],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[179,69604,69605],{},"It changes the original list",[179,69607,52464],{},[20,69609,267],{},[30,69611,69613],{"className":32,"code":69612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69614,69615,69647,69651,69666,69670,69681],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69616,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69618,12786],{"class":45},[39,69620,50],{"class":49},[39,69622,3327],{"class":53},[39,69624,562],{"class":517},[39,69626,565],{"class":521},[39,69628,562],{"class":517},[39,69630,61],{"class":53},[39,69632,572],{"class":517},[39,69634,584],{"class":521},[39,69636,562],{"class":517},[39,69638,61],{"class":53},[39,69640,572],{"class":517},[39,69642,575],{"class":521},[39,69644,562],{"class":517},[39,69646,3340],{"class":53},[39,69648,69649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69650,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69652,69653,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69654,69655],{"class":45},"removed ",[39,69657,50],{"class":49},[39,69659,12832],{"class":45},[39,69661,117],{"class":53},[39,69663,25949],{"class":120},[39,69665,1609],{"class":53},[39,69667,69668],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69669,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69671,69672,69674,69676,69679],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,69673,137],{"class":136},[39,69675,124],{"class":53},[39,69677,69678],{"class":120},"removed",[39,69680,130],{"class":53},[39,69682,69683,69685,69687,69689],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,69684,137],{"class":136},[39,69686,124],{"class":53},[39,69688,17209],{"class":120},[39,69690,130],{"class":53},[20,69692,353],{},[30,69694,69696],{"className":32,"code":69695,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69697,69698,69703],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69699,69700],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69701,69702],{"class":45},"blue\n",[39,69704,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69706,3609],{"class":53},[39,69708,524],{"class":517},[39,69710,565],{"class":521},[39,69712,524],{"class":517},[39,69714,61],{"class":53},[39,69716,518],{"class":517},[39,69718,584],{"class":521},[39,69720,524],{"class":517},[39,69722,3340],{"class":53},[160,69724,202],{"id":201},[30,69726,69728],{"className":32,"code":69727,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69729,69730],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69731,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69733,7810],{"class":478},[39,69735,117],{"class":53},[39,69737,25949],{"class":120},[39,69739,917],{"class":53},[39,69741,35558],{"class":120},[39,69743,3597],{"class":53},[20,69745,22,69746,69748],{},[15,69747,35558],{}," is optional.",[176,69750,69751,69757,69763],{},[179,69752,69753,69754,69756],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69755,12475],{}," removes the last item",[179,69758,69759,69760,69762],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69761,12475],{}," removes the item at that position",[179,69764,69765],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69767,267],{},[30,69769,69771],{"className":32,"code":69770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69772,69773,69805,69809,69828,69832,69842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69774,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69776,35803],{"class":45},[39,69778,50],{"class":49},[39,69780,3327],{"class":53},[39,69782,562],{"class":517},[39,69784,195],{"class":521},[39,69786,562],{"class":517},[39,69788,61],{"class":53},[39,69790,572],{"class":517},[39,69792,127],{"class":521},[39,69794,562],{"class":517},[39,69796,61],{"class":53},[39,69798,572],{"class":517},[39,69800,9454],{"class":521},[39,69802,562],{"class":517},[39,69804,3340],{"class":53},[39,69806,69807],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69808,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69810,69811,69813,69815,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69812,28247],{"class":45},[39,69814,50],{"class":49},[39,69816,69817],{"class":45}," letters",[39,69819,117],{"class":53},[39,69821,25949],{"class":120},[39,69823,124],{"class":53},[39,69825,58],{"class":57},[39,69827,130],{"class":53},[39,69829,69830],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69831,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69833,69834,69836,69838,69840],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,69835,137],{"class":136},[39,69837,124],{"class":53},[39,69839,23017],{"class":120},[39,69841,130],{"class":53},[39,69843,69844,69846,69848,69850],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,69845,137],{"class":136},[39,69847,124],{"class":53},[39,69849,35856],{"class":120},[39,69851,130],{"class":53},[20,69853,353],{},[30,69855,69857],{"className":32,"code":69856,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69858,69859,69864],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69860,69861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69862,69863],{"class":45},"b\n",[39,69865,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69867,3609],{"class":53},[39,69869,524],{"class":517},[39,69871,195],{"class":521},[39,69873,524],{"class":517},[39,69875,61],{"class":53},[39,69877,518],{"class":517},[39,69879,9454],{"class":521},[39,69881,524],{"class":517},[39,69883,3340],{"class":53},[20,69885,69886,69887,117],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[195,69888,52490],{"href":50697},[160,69890,69892],{"id":69891},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69894,69895,69896,69898],{},"When you call ",[15,69897,12475],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[30,69900,69902],{"className":32,"code":69901,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69903,69904,69939,69943,69958,69962,69973],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69905,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914,69917,69919,69921,69923,69926,69928,69930,69932,69935,69937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69907,29607],{"class":45},[39,69909,50],{"class":49},[39,69911,3327],{"class":53},[39,69913,562],{"class":517},[39,69915,69916],{"class":521},"write",[39,69918,562],{"class":517},[39,69920,61],{"class":53},[39,69922,572],{"class":517},[39,69924,69925],{"class":521},"test",[39,69927,562],{"class":517},[39,69929,61],{"class":53},[39,69931,572],{"class":517},[39,69933,69934],{"class":521},"submit",[39,69936,562],{"class":517},[39,69938,3340],{"class":53},[39,69940,69941],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69942,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69944,69945,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,69946,69947],{"class":45},"last_task ",[39,69949,50],{"class":49},[39,69951,29685],{"class":45},[39,69953,117],{"class":53},[39,69955,25949],{"class":120},[39,69957,1609],{"class":53},[39,69959,69960],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,69961,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,69963,69964,69966,69968,69971],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,69965,137],{"class":136},[39,69967,124],{"class":53},[39,69969,69970],{"class":120},"last_task",[39,69972,130],{"class":53},[39,69974,69975,69977,69979,69981],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,69976,137],{"class":136},[39,69978,124],{"class":53},[39,69980,36219],{"class":120},[39,69982,130],{"class":53},[20,69984,353],{},[30,69986,69988],{"className":32,"code":69987,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69989,69990,69995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69991,69992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69993,69994],{"class":45},"submit\n",[39,69996,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,69998,3609],{"class":53},[39,70000,524],{"class":517},[39,70002,69916],{"class":521},[39,70004,524],{"class":517},[39,70006,61],{"class":53},[39,70008,518],{"class":517},[39,70010,69925],{"class":521},[39,70012,524],{"class":517},[39,70014,3340],{"class":53},[20,70016,70017],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[160,70019,70021],{"id":70020},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70023,70024],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[30,70026,70028],{"className":32,"code":70027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70029,70030,70070,70074,70092,70096,70106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70031,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70033,35952],{"class":45},[39,70035,50],{"class":49},[39,70037,3327],{"class":53},[39,70039,562],{"class":517},[39,70041,3789],{"class":521},[39,70043,562],{"class":517},[39,70045,61],{"class":53},[39,70047,572],{"class":517},[39,70049,3798],{"class":521},[39,70051,562],{"class":517},[39,70053,61],{"class":53},[39,70055,572],{"class":517},[39,70057,3807],{"class":521},[39,70059,562],{"class":517},[39,70061,61],{"class":53},[39,70063,572],{"class":517},[39,70065,32930],{"class":521},[39,70067,562],{"class":517},[39,70069,3340],{"class":53},[39,70071,70072],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70073,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70075,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70077,69655],{"class":45},[39,70079,50],{"class":49},[39,70081,52570],{"class":45},[39,70083,117],{"class":53},[39,70085,25949],{"class":120},[39,70087,124],{"class":53},[39,70089,58],{"class":57},[39,70091,130],{"class":53},[39,70093,70094],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70095,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70097,70098,70100,70102,70104],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70099,137],{"class":136},[39,70101,124],{"class":53},[39,70103,69678],{"class":120},[39,70105,130],{"class":53},[39,70107,70108,70110,70112,70114],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,70109,137],{"class":136},[39,70111,124],{"class":53},[39,70113,36004],{"class":120},[39,70115,130],{"class":53},[20,70117,353],{},[30,70119,70121],{"className":32,"code":70120,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70122,70123,70128],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70124,70125],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70126,70127],{"class":45},"banana\n",[39,70129,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70131,3609],{"class":53},[39,70133,524],{"class":517},[39,70135,3789],{"class":521},[39,70137,524],{"class":517},[39,70139,61],{"class":53},[39,70141,518],{"class":517},[39,70143,3807],{"class":521},[39,70145,524],{"class":517},[39,70147,61],{"class":53},[39,70149,518],{"class":517},[39,70151,32930],{"class":521},[39,70153,524],{"class":517},[39,70155,3340],{"class":53},[20,70157,70158],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[30,70160,70162],{"className":32,"code":70161,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70163,70164,70196,70200,70220,70224,70234],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70165,70166,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70167,35952],{"class":45},[39,70169,50],{"class":49},[39,70171,3327],{"class":53},[39,70173,562],{"class":517},[39,70175,3789],{"class":521},[39,70177,562],{"class":517},[39,70179,61],{"class":53},[39,70181,572],{"class":517},[39,70183,3798],{"class":521},[39,70185,562],{"class":517},[39,70187,61],{"class":53},[39,70189,572],{"class":517},[39,70191,3807],{"class":521},[39,70193,562],{"class":517},[39,70195,3340],{"class":53},[39,70197,70198],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70199,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70201,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70203,69655],{"class":45},[39,70205,50],{"class":49},[39,70207,52570],{"class":45},[39,70209,117],{"class":53},[39,70211,25949],{"class":120},[39,70213,124],{"class":53},[39,70215,1730],{"class":49},[39,70217,58],{"class":57},[39,70219,130],{"class":53},[39,70221,70222],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70223,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70225,70226,70228,70230,70232],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70227,137],{"class":136},[39,70229,124],{"class":53},[39,70231,69678],{"class":120},[39,70233,130],{"class":53},[39,70235,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,70237,137],{"class":136},[39,70239,124],{"class":53},[39,70241,36004],{"class":120},[39,70243,130],{"class":53},[20,70245,353],{},[30,70247,70249],{"className":32,"code":70248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70250,70251,70256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70252,70253],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70254,70255],{"class":45},"cherry\n",[39,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70259,3609],{"class":53},[39,70261,524],{"class":517},[39,70263,3789],{"class":521},[39,70265,524],{"class":517},[39,70267,61],{"class":53},[39,70269,518],{"class":517},[39,70271,3798],{"class":521},[39,70273,524],{"class":517},[39,70275,3340],{"class":53},[20,70277,70278,70279,70281],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70280,65575],{}," means the last item.",[20,70283,70284,70285,117],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[195,70286,70287,1627],{"href":58684},[15,70288,64586],{},[160,70290,70292],{"id":70291},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70294,70295,70297],{},[15,70296,12475],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70299,70300,70301,4104,70303,117],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70302,12475],{},[195,70304,70305],{"href":54791},[15,70306,55248],{},[20,70308,267],{},[30,70310,70312],{"className":32,"code":70311,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70313,70314,70346,70350,70369,70373,70384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70315,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70317,4705],{"class":45},[39,70319,50],{"class":49},[39,70321,3327],{"class":53},[39,70323,562],{"class":517},[39,70325,12593],{"class":521},[39,70327,562],{"class":517},[39,70329,61],{"class":53},[39,70331,572],{"class":517},[39,70333,35653],{"class":521},[39,70335,562],{"class":517},[39,70337,61],{"class":53},[39,70339,572],{"class":517},[39,70341,35662],{"class":521},[39,70343,562],{"class":517},[39,70345,3340],{"class":53},[39,70347,70348],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70349,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70351,70352,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70353,70354],{"class":45},"removed_name ",[39,70356,50],{"class":49},[39,70358,69297],{"class":45},[39,70360,117],{"class":53},[39,70362,25949],{"class":120},[39,70364,124],{"class":53},[39,70366,1826],{"class":57},[39,70368,130],{"class":53},[39,70370,70371],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70372,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70374,70375,70377,70379,70382],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70376,137],{"class":136},[39,70378,124],{"class":53},[39,70380,70381],{"class":120},"removed_name",[39,70383,130],{"class":53},[39,70385,70386,70388,70390,70392],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,70387,137],{"class":136},[39,70389,124],{"class":53},[39,70391,4749],{"class":120},[39,70393,130],{"class":53},[20,70395,353],{},[30,70397,70399],{"className":32,"code":70398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70400,70401,70405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70402,70403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70404,49757],{"class":45},[39,70406,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70408,3609],{"class":53},[39,70410,524],{"class":517},[39,70412,35653],{"class":521},[39,70414,524],{"class":517},[39,70416,61],{"class":53},[39,70418,518],{"class":517},[39,70420,35662],{"class":521},[39,70422,524],{"class":517},[39,70424,3340],{"class":53},[20,70426,70427],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70429,70430,70431,70433,70434,117],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70432,55248],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70435,3484],{},[160,70437,70439],{"id":70438},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[988,70441,70443],{"id":70442},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70445,70446,70447,70449,70450,117],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70448,12475],{}," raises an ",[15,70451,70452],{},"IndexError",[30,70454,70456],{"className":32,"code":70455,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70457,70458,70466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70459,70460,70462,70464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70461,7494],{"class":45},[39,70463,50],{"class":49},[39,70465,7554],{"class":53},[39,70467,70468,70470,70472,70474],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70469,7525],{"class":45},[39,70471,117],{"class":53},[39,70473,25949],{"class":120},[39,70475,1609],{"class":53},[20,70477,353],{},[30,70479,70481],{"className":32,"code":70480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70482,70483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70484,70485,70487,70489,70492,70495,70498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70486,70452],{"class":478},[39,70488,1250],{"class":53},[39,70490,70491],{"class":45}," pop ",[39,70493,70494],{"class":3584},"from",[39,70496,70497],{"class":45}," empty ",[39,70499,49603],{"class":478},[20,70501,38975],{},[176,70503,70504,70509],{},[179,70505,70506,70507],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70508,12475],{},[179,70510,70511,70512,4104,70514],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70513,29513],{},[15,70515,29544],{},[20,70517,267],{},[30,70519,70521],{"className":32,"code":70520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70522,70523,70531,70535,70543,70557,70563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70524,70525,70527,70529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70526,7494],{"class":45},[39,70528,50],{"class":49},[39,70530,7554],{"class":53},[39,70532,70533],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70534,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70536,70537,70539,70541],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70538,6710],{"class":3584},[39,70540,5679],{"class":45},[39,70542,6107],{"class":53},[39,70544,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70546,7785],{"class":136},[39,70548,124],{"class":53},[39,70550,7525],{"class":120},[39,70552,117],{"class":53},[39,70554,25949],{"class":120},[39,70556,6907],{"class":53},[39,70558,70559,70561],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70560,27142],{"class":3584},[39,70562,6107],{"class":53},[39,70564,70565,70567,70569,70571,70574,70576],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,70566,7785],{"class":136},[39,70568,124],{"class":53},[39,70570,562],{"class":517},[39,70572,70573],{"class":521},"The list is empty.",[39,70575,562],{"class":517},[39,70577,130],{"class":53},[988,70579,70581],{"id":70580},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70583,70584,70585,117],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70586,70452],{},[30,70588,70590],{"className":32,"code":70589,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70591,70592,70612],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70593,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70595,1379],{"class":45},[39,70597,50],{"class":49},[39,70599,3327],{"class":53},[39,70601,2037],{"class":57},[39,70603,61],{"class":53},[39,70605,7505],{"class":57},[39,70607,61],{"class":53},[39,70609,7510],{"class":57},[39,70611,3340],{"class":53},[39,70613,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70615,1457],{"class":45},[39,70617,117],{"class":53},[39,70619,25949],{"class":120},[39,70621,124],{"class":53},[39,70623,1843],{"class":57},[39,70625,130],{"class":53},[20,70627,353],{},[30,70629,70631],{"className":32,"code":70630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70632,70633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70634,70635,70637,70639,70642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70636,70452],{"class":478},[39,70638,1250],{"class":53},[39,70640,70641],{"class":45}," pop index out of ",[39,70643,70644],{"class":136},"range\n",[20,70646,38975],{},[176,70648,70649,70654],{},[179,70650,70651,70652],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70653,42076],{},[179,70655,70656],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[30,70658,70660],{"className":32,"code":70659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70661,70662,70682,70691,70695,70717,70735,70741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70663,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70665,1379],{"class":45},[39,70667,50],{"class":49},[39,70669,3327],{"class":53},[39,70671,2037],{"class":57},[39,70673,61],{"class":53},[39,70675,7505],{"class":57},[39,70677,61],{"class":53},[39,70679,7510],{"class":57},[39,70681,3340],{"class":53},[39,70683,70684,70687,70689],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70685,70686],{"class":45},"index ",[39,70688,50],{"class":49},[39,70690,45305],{"class":57},[39,70692,70693],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70694,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70696,70697,70699,70701,70704,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70698,6710],{"class":3584},[39,70700,3540],{"class":57},[39,70702,70703],{"class":49}," \u003C=",[39,70705,70706],{"class":45}," index ",[39,70708,510],{"class":49},[39,70710,38099],{"class":136},[39,70712,124],{"class":53},[39,70714,1457],{"class":120},[39,70716,8059],{"class":53},[39,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70720,7785],{"class":136},[39,70722,124],{"class":53},[39,70724,1457],{"class":120},[39,70726,117],{"class":53},[39,70728,25949],{"class":120},[39,70730,124],{"class":53},[39,70732,35558],{"class":120},[39,70734,486],{"class":53},[39,70736,70737,70739],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,70738,27142],{"class":3584},[39,70740,6107],{"class":53},[39,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749,70752,70754],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,70744,7785],{"class":136},[39,70746,124],{"class":53},[39,70748,562],{"class":517},[39,70750,70751],{"class":521},"Index is out of range.",[39,70753,562],{"class":517},[39,70755,130],{"class":53},[20,70757,70758,70759,117],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,70760,68980],{"href":68979},[988,70762,70764],{"id":70763},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70766,70767,70769],{},[15,70768,12475],{}," expects an integer index.",[30,70771,70773],{"className":32,"code":70772,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70774,70775,70795],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70776,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70778,1379],{"class":45},[39,70780,50],{"class":49},[39,70782,3327],{"class":53},[39,70784,2037],{"class":57},[39,70786,61],{"class":53},[39,70788,7505],{"class":57},[39,70790,61],{"class":53},[39,70792,7510],{"class":57},[39,70794,3340],{"class":53},[39,70796,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809,70811],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70798,1457],{"class":45},[39,70800,117],{"class":53},[39,70802,25949],{"class":120},[39,70804,124],{"class":53},[39,70806,562],{"class":517},[39,70808,58],{"class":521},[39,70810,562],{"class":517},[39,70812,130],{"class":53},[20,70814,353],{},[30,70816,70818],{"className":32,"code":70817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70819,70820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70837,70840],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70823,2711],{"class":478},[39,70825,1250],{"class":53},[39,70827,518],{"class":517},[39,70829,3147],{"class":521},[39,70831,524],{"class":517},[39,70833,24324],{"class":478},[39,70835,70836],{"class":45}," cannot be interpreted ",[39,70838,70839],{"class":3584},"as",[39,70841,70842],{"class":45}," an integer\n",[20,70844,38975],{},[176,70846,70847,70856],{},[179,70848,70849,70850,1896,70852,1900,70854],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70851,1826],{},[15,70853,58],{},[15,70855,65575],{},[179,70857,70858],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[30,70860,70862],{"className":32,"code":70861,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70863,70864,70884,70902,70906,70924],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70865,70866,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70867,1379],{"class":45},[39,70869,50],{"class":49},[39,70871,3327],{"class":53},[39,70873,2037],{"class":57},[39,70875,61],{"class":53},[39,70877,7505],{"class":57},[39,70879,61],{"class":53},[39,70881,7510],{"class":57},[39,70883,3340],{"class":53},[39,70885,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898,70900],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70887,70686],{"class":45},[39,70889,50],{"class":49},[39,70891,44992],{"class":478},[39,70893,124],{"class":53},[39,70895,562],{"class":517},[39,70897,58],{"class":521},[39,70899,562],{"class":517},[39,70901,130],{"class":53},[39,70903,70904],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,70905,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,70907,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920,70922],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,70909,137],{"class":136},[39,70911,124],{"class":53},[39,70913,1457],{"class":120},[39,70915,117],{"class":53},[39,70917,25949],{"class":120},[39,70919,124],{"class":53},[39,70921,35558],{"class":120},[39,70923,486],{"class":53},[39,70925,70926,70928,70930,70932],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,70927,137],{"class":136},[39,70929,124],{"class":53},[39,70931,1457],{"class":120},[39,70933,130],{"class":53},[20,70935,353],{},[30,70937,70939],{"className":32,"code":70938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70940,70941,70946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70942,70943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70944,70945],{"class":57},"20\n",[39,70947,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,70949,3609],{"class":53},[39,70951,2037],{"class":57},[39,70953,61],{"class":53},[39,70955,7510],{"class":57},[39,70957,3340],{"class":53},[160,70959,70961],{"id":70960},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70963,70964],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[988,70966,154,70968,10315],{"id":70967},"use-pop-when",[15,70969,12475],{},[176,70971,70972,70975,70978],{},[179,70973,70974],{},"you want to remove by index",[179,70976,70977],{},"you want the removed item returned",[179,70979,70980],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[988,70982,154,70984,10315],{"id":70983},"use-remove-when",[15,70985,55248],{},[176,70987,70988,70991],{},[179,70989,70990],{},"you want to remove by value",[179,70992,70993],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70995,70996],{},"Compare these examples:",[30,70998,71000],{"className":32,"code":70999,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71001,71002,71026,71030,71048,71058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71003,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71005,1379],{"class":45},[39,71007,50],{"class":49},[39,71009,3327],{"class":53},[39,71011,2037],{"class":57},[39,71013,61],{"class":53},[39,71015,7505],{"class":57},[39,71017,61],{"class":53},[39,71019,7510],{"class":57},[39,71021,61],{"class":53},[39,71023,7505],{"class":57},[39,71025,3340],{"class":53},[39,71027,71028],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71029,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71033,69655],{"class":45},[39,71035,50],{"class":49},[39,71037,1433],{"class":45},[39,71039,117],{"class":53},[39,71041,25949],{"class":120},[39,71043,124],{"class":53},[39,71045,58],{"class":57},[39,71047,130],{"class":53},[39,71049,71050,71052,71054,71056],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,71051,137],{"class":136},[39,71053,124],{"class":53},[39,71055,69678],{"class":120},[39,71057,130],{"class":53},[39,71059,71060,71062,71064,71066],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,71061,137],{"class":136},[39,71063,124],{"class":53},[39,71065,1457],{"class":120},[39,71067,130],{"class":53},[20,71069,353],{},[30,71071,71073],{"className":32,"code":71072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71074,71075,71079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71076,71077],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71078,70945],{"class":57},[39,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71082,3609],{"class":53},[39,71084,2037],{"class":57},[39,71086,61],{"class":53},[39,71088,7510],{"class":57},[39,71090,61],{"class":53},[39,71092,7505],{"class":57},[39,71094,3340],{"class":53},[30,71096,71098],{"className":32,"code":71097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71099,71100,71124,71128,71142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71103,1379],{"class":45},[39,71105,50],{"class":49},[39,71107,3327],{"class":53},[39,71109,2037],{"class":57},[39,71111,61],{"class":53},[39,71113,7505],{"class":57},[39,71115,61],{"class":53},[39,71117,7510],{"class":57},[39,71119,61],{"class":53},[39,71121,7505],{"class":57},[39,71123,3340],{"class":53},[39,71125,71126],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71127,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,71129,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71131,1457],{"class":45},[39,71133,117],{"class":53},[39,71135,34505],{"class":120},[39,71137,124],{"class":53},[39,71139,15463],{"class":57},[39,71141,130],{"class":53},[39,71143,71144,71146,71148,71150],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,71145,137],{"class":136},[39,71147,124],{"class":53},[39,71149,1457],{"class":120},[39,71151,130],{"class":53},[20,71153,353],{},[30,71155,71157],{"className":32,"code":71156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71158,71159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71160,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71162,3609],{"class":53},[39,71164,2037],{"class":57},[39,71166,61],{"class":53},[39,71168,7510],{"class":57},[39,71170,61],{"class":53},[39,71172,7505],{"class":57},[39,71174,3340],{"class":53},[20,71176,71177,71178,71181,71182,117],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71179,71180],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71183,58],{},[20,71185,56324,71186,71189,71190,117],{},[15,71187,71188],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71191,15463],{},[20,71193,71194,71195,117],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[195,71196,54787],{"href":54786},[160,71198,2537],{"id":2536},[20,71200,71201,71202,1250],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71203,12475],{},[176,71205,71206,71209,71212,71218,71222],{},[179,71207,71208],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[179,71210,71211],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[179,71213,1282,71214,1285,71216],{},[15,71215,12475],{},[15,71217,55248],{},[179,71219,8170,71220,61692],{},[15,71221,12475],{},[179,71223,71224],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71226,71227],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[30,71229,71231],{"className":32,"code":71230,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71232,71233,71243,71257,71271,71289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71236,137],{"class":136},[39,71238,124],{"class":53},[39,71240,8056],{"class":120},[39,71242,130],{"class":53},[39,71244,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253,71255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71246,137],{"class":136},[39,71248,124],{"class":53},[39,71250,1361],{"class":136},[39,71252,124],{"class":53},[39,71254,8056],{"class":120},[39,71256,486],{"class":53},[39,71258,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71260,137],{"class":136},[39,71262,124],{"class":53},[39,71264,8056],{"class":120},[39,71266,117],{"class":53},[39,71268,25949],{"class":120},[39,71270,6907],{"class":53},[39,71272,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,71274,137],{"class":136},[39,71276,124],{"class":53},[39,71278,8056],{"class":120},[39,71280,117],{"class":53},[39,71282,25949],{"class":120},[39,71284,124],{"class":53},[39,71286,1826],{"class":57},[39,71288,486],{"class":53},[39,71290,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,71292,137],{"class":136},[39,71294,124],{"class":53},[39,71296,479],{"class":478},[39,71298,124],{"class":53},[39,71300,35558],{"class":120},[39,71302,486],{"class":53},[20,71304,71305],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[176,71307,71308,71314],{},[179,71309,71310,71313],{},[15,71311,71312],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[179,71315,71316,71319],{},[15,71317,71318],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71321,71322,71323,71326],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71324,71325],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[160,71328,1563],{"id":1562},[988,71330,71332],{"id":71331},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71334,71335,71336,71338],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71337,12475],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[988,71340,71342],{"id":71341},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71344,71345,71347,71348,71350,71351,117],{},[15,71346,12475],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71349,55248],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71352,3484],{},[988,71354,71356],{"id":71355},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71358,71359,71360,71363],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71361,71362],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[988,71365,71367],{"id":71366},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71369,71370,71371,71373],{},"Python raises ",[15,71372,70452],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[160,71375,1613],{"id":1612},[176,71377,71378,71382,71387,71392,71397],{},[179,71379,71380],{},[195,71381,55234],{"href":54786},[179,71383,71384],{},[195,71385,71386],{"href":54791},"Python list remove() method",[179,71388,71389],{},[195,71390,71391],{"href":58684},"Python list index() method",[179,71393,71394],{},[195,71395,71396],{"href":50697},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[179,71398,71399],{},[195,71400,68980],{"href":68979},[1642,71402,71403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":71405},[71406,71407,71408,71409,71410,71411,71412,71417,71423,71424,71430],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":69581,"depth":75,"text":69582},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":69891,"depth":75,"text":69892},{"id":70020,"depth":75,"text":70021},{"id":70291,"depth":75,"text":70292},{"id":70438,"depth":75,"text":70439,"children":71413},[71414,71415,71416],{"id":70442,"depth":99,"text":70443},{"id":70580,"depth":99,"text":70581},{"id":70763,"depth":99,"text":70764},{"id":70960,"depth":75,"text":70961,"children":71418},[71419,71421],{"id":70967,"depth":99,"text":71420},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70983,"depth":99,"text":71422},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":71425},[71426,71427,71428,71429],{"id":71331,"depth":99,"text":71332},{"id":71341,"depth":99,"text":71342},{"id":71355,"depth":99,"text":71356},{"id":71366,"depth":99,"text":71367},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69448,"description":71431},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71438,"title":71439,"body":71440,"description":73226,"extension":1670,"meta":73227,"navigation":102,"path":73228,"seo":73229,"stem":73230,"__hash__":73231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71441,"toc":73208},[71442,71445,71450,71456,71458,71528,71534,71538,71543,71564,71567,71634,71636,71657,71665,71667,71686,71702,71704,71769,71771,71796,71798,71800,71865,71867,71892,71894,71908,71911,71964,71966,71987,71991,71999,72072,72074,72107,72113,72119,72210,72212,72237,72243,72332,72334,72358,72360,72364,72419,72421,72453,72456,72459,72553,72555,72588,72594,72600,72604,72611,72637,72641,72706,72708,72733,72737,72818,72820,72849,72854,72859,72865,72869,72876,72898,72902,72961,72963,72987,72996,73001,73003,73007,73036,73038,73113,73116,73130,73136,73138,73142,73145,73149,73154,73158,73167,73171,73179,73181,73205],[10,71443,71439],{"id":71444},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71446,22,71447,71449],{},[15,71448,54794],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71451,71452,71453,71455],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[382,71454,2179],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[160,71457,1711],{"id":1710},[30,71459,71461],{"className":32,"code":71460,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71462,71463,71495,71513,71523],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71464,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71466,7494],{"class":45},[39,71468,50],{"class":49},[39,71470,3327],{"class":53},[39,71472,562],{"class":517},[39,71474,3789],{"class":521},[39,71476,562],{"class":517},[39,71478,61],{"class":53},[39,71480,572],{"class":517},[39,71482,3798],{"class":521},[39,71484,562],{"class":517},[39,71486,61],{"class":53},[39,71488,572],{"class":517},[39,71490,32930],{"class":521},[39,71492,562],{"class":517},[39,71494,3340],{"class":53},[39,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71498,7525],{"class":45},[39,71500,117],{"class":53},[39,71502,34505],{"class":120},[39,71504,124],{"class":53},[39,71506,562],{"class":517},[39,71508,3798],{"class":521},[39,71510,562],{"class":517},[39,71512,130],{"class":53},[39,71514,71515,71517,71519,71521],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71516,137],{"class":136},[39,71518,124],{"class":53},[39,71520,7525],{"class":120},[39,71522,130],{"class":53},[39,71524,71525],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,71526,71527],{"class":150},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71529,154,71530,71533],{},[15,71531,71532],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[160,71535,71537],{"id":71536},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71539,71540,71542],{},[15,71541,55248],{}," is a list method that:",[176,71544,71545,71551,71556,71561],{},[179,71546,71547,71548,71550],{},"Deletes the ",[382,71549,29618],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[179,71552,71553,71554],{},"Changes the original list ",[382,71555,11047],{},[179,71557,1567,71558,71560],{},[382,71559,4340],{}," return a new list",[179,71562,71563],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71565,71566],{},"This is important for beginners:",[30,71568,71570],{"className":32,"code":71569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71571,71572,71592,71610,71614,71624],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71573,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71575,1379],{"class":45},[39,71577,50],{"class":49},[39,71579,3327],{"class":53},[39,71581,58],{"class":57},[39,71583,61],{"class":53},[39,71585,64],{"class":57},[39,71587,61],{"class":53},[39,71589,69],{"class":57},[39,71591,3340],{"class":53},[39,71593,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71595,109],{"class":45},[39,71597,50],{"class":49},[39,71599,1433],{"class":45},[39,71601,117],{"class":53},[39,71603,34505],{"class":120},[39,71605,124],{"class":53},[39,71607,85],{"class":57},[39,71609,130],{"class":53},[39,71611,71612],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71613,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,71615,71616,71618,71620,71622],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,71617,137],{"class":136},[39,71619,124],{"class":53},[39,71621,1457],{"class":120},[39,71623,130],{"class":53},[39,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,71627,137],{"class":136},[39,71629,124],{"class":53},[39,71631,142],{"class":120},[39,71633,130],{"class":53},[20,71635,353],{},[30,71637,71639],{"className":32,"code":71638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71640,71641,71653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71642,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71644,3609],{"class":53},[39,71646,58],{"class":57},[39,71648,61],{"class":53},[39,71650,69],{"class":57},[39,71652,3340],{"class":53},[39,71654,71655],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71656,11520],{"class":3559},[20,71658,71659,71660,71662,71663,117],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71661,55248],{}," itself returned ",[15,71664,3484],{},[160,71666,5143],{"id":5142},[30,71668,71670],{"className":32,"code":71669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71671,71672],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71673,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71675,7810],{"class":478},[39,71677,117],{"class":53},[39,71679,34505],{"class":120},[39,71681,124],{"class":53},[39,71683,2179],{"class":120},[39,71685,130],{"class":53},[176,71687,71688,71693,71696],{},[179,71689,71690,71692],{},[15,71691,2179],{}," is the item you want to delete",[179,71694,71695],{},"Python searches from left to right",[179,71697,71698,71699,71701],{},"Only the ",[382,71700,29618],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71703,267],{},[30,71705,71707],{"className":32,"code":71706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71708,71709,71741,71759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71710,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71712,35803],{"class":45},[39,71714,50],{"class":49},[39,71716,3327],{"class":53},[39,71718,562],{"class":517},[39,71720,195],{"class":521},[39,71722,562],{"class":517},[39,71724,61],{"class":53},[39,71726,572],{"class":517},[39,71728,127],{"class":521},[39,71730,562],{"class":517},[39,71732,61],{"class":53},[39,71734,572],{"class":517},[39,71736,9454],{"class":521},[39,71738,562],{"class":517},[39,71740,3340],{"class":53},[39,71742,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71744,35856],{"class":45},[39,71746,117],{"class":53},[39,71748,34505],{"class":120},[39,71750,124],{"class":53},[39,71752,562],{"class":517},[39,71754,127],{"class":521},[39,71756,562],{"class":517},[39,71758,130],{"class":53},[39,71760,71761,71763,71765,71767],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71762,137],{"class":136},[39,71764,124],{"class":53},[39,71766,35856],{"class":120},[39,71768,130],{"class":53},[20,71770,353],{},[30,71772,71774],{"className":32,"code":71773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71775,71776],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71777,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71779,3609],{"class":53},[39,71781,524],{"class":517},[39,71783,195],{"class":521},[39,71785,524],{"class":517},[39,71787,61],{"class":53},[39,71789,518],{"class":517},[39,71791,9454],{"class":521},[39,71793,524],{"class":517},[39,71795,3340],{"class":53},[160,71797,5500],{"id":5499},[20,71799,64895],{},[30,71801,71803],{"className":32,"code":71802,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71804,71805,71837,71855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71806,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71808,12786],{"class":45},[39,71810,50],{"class":49},[39,71812,3327],{"class":53},[39,71814,562],{"class":517},[39,71816,565],{"class":521},[39,71818,562],{"class":517},[39,71820,61],{"class":53},[39,71822,572],{"class":517},[39,71824,575],{"class":521},[39,71826,562],{"class":517},[39,71828,61],{"class":53},[39,71830,572],{"class":517},[39,71832,584],{"class":521},[39,71834,562],{"class":517},[39,71836,3340],{"class":53},[39,71838,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71840,17209],{"class":45},[39,71842,117],{"class":53},[39,71844,34505],{"class":120},[39,71846,124],{"class":53},[39,71848,562],{"class":517},[39,71850,575],{"class":521},[39,71852,562],{"class":517},[39,71854,130],{"class":53},[39,71856,71857,71859,71861,71863],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71858,137],{"class":136},[39,71860,124],{"class":53},[39,71862,17209],{"class":120},[39,71864,130],{"class":53},[20,71866,353],{},[30,71868,71870],{"className":32,"code":71869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71871,71872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71873,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71875,3609],{"class":53},[39,71877,524],{"class":517},[39,71879,565],{"class":521},[39,71881,524],{"class":517},[39,71883,61],{"class":53},[39,71885,518],{"class":517},[39,71887,584],{"class":521},[39,71889,524],{"class":517},[39,71891,3340],{"class":53},[20,71893,692],{},[176,71895,71896,71899,71905],{},[179,71897,71898],{},"A list is created with three values",[179,71900,71901,71904],{},[15,71902,71903],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[179,71906,71907],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71909,71910],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[30,71912,71914],{"className":32,"code":71913,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71915,71916,71940,71954],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71917,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71919,4774],{"class":45},[39,71921,50],{"class":49},[39,71923,3327],{"class":53},[39,71925,2037],{"class":57},[39,71927,61],{"class":53},[39,71929,7505],{"class":57},[39,71931,61],{"class":53},[39,71933,7510],{"class":57},[39,71935,61],{"class":53},[39,71937,50561],{"class":57},[39,71939,3340],{"class":53},[39,71941,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,71943,16098],{"class":45},[39,71945,117],{"class":53},[39,71947,34505],{"class":120},[39,71949,124],{"class":53},[39,71951,36555],{"class":57},[39,71953,130],{"class":53},[39,71955,71956,71958,71960,71962],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,71957,137],{"class":136},[39,71959,124],{"class":53},[39,71961,16098],{"class":120},[39,71963,130],{"class":53},[20,71965,353],{},[30,71967,71969],{"className":32,"code":71968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71970,71971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71972,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71974,3609],{"class":53},[39,71976,2037],{"class":57},[39,71978,61],{"class":53},[39,71980,7505],{"class":57},[39,71982,61],{"class":53},[39,71984,50561],{"class":57},[39,71986,3340],{"class":53},[160,71988,71990],{"id":71989},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71992,64885,71993,71995,71996,71998],{},[15,71994,55248],{}," deletes only the ",[382,71997,29618],{}," one.",[30,72000,72002],{"className":32,"code":72001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72003,72004,72044,72062],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72005,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72007,7494],{"class":45},[39,72009,50],{"class":49},[39,72011,3327],{"class":53},[39,72013,562],{"class":517},[39,72015,3789],{"class":521},[39,72017,562],{"class":517},[39,72019,61],{"class":53},[39,72021,572],{"class":517},[39,72023,3798],{"class":521},[39,72025,562],{"class":517},[39,72027,61],{"class":53},[39,72029,572],{"class":517},[39,72031,3789],{"class":521},[39,72033,562],{"class":517},[39,72035,61],{"class":53},[39,72037,572],{"class":517},[39,72039,32930],{"class":521},[39,72041,562],{"class":517},[39,72043,3340],{"class":53},[39,72045,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72047,7525],{"class":45},[39,72049,117],{"class":53},[39,72051,34505],{"class":120},[39,72053,124],{"class":53},[39,72055,562],{"class":517},[39,72057,3789],{"class":521},[39,72059,562],{"class":517},[39,72061,130],{"class":53},[39,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72065,137],{"class":136},[39,72067,124],{"class":53},[39,72069,7525],{"class":120},[39,72071,130],{"class":53},[20,72073,353],{},[30,72075,72077],{"className":32,"code":72076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72078,72079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72080,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72082,3609],{"class":53},[39,72084,524],{"class":517},[39,72086,3798],{"class":521},[39,72088,524],{"class":517},[39,72090,61],{"class":53},[39,72092,518],{"class":517},[39,72094,3789],{"class":521},[39,72096,524],{"class":517},[39,72098,61],{"class":53},[39,72100,518],{"class":517},[39,72102,32930],{"class":521},[39,72104,524],{"class":517},[39,72106,3340],{"class":53},[20,72108,72109,72110,72112],{},"Only the first ",[15,72111,57552],{}," was removed.",[20,72114,72115,72116,72118],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72117,55248],{}," again:",[30,72120,72122],{"className":32,"code":72121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72123,72124,72164,72182,72200],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72125,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72127,7494],{"class":45},[39,72129,50],{"class":49},[39,72131,3327],{"class":53},[39,72133,562],{"class":517},[39,72135,3789],{"class":521},[39,72137,562],{"class":517},[39,72139,61],{"class":53},[39,72141,572],{"class":517},[39,72143,3798],{"class":521},[39,72145,562],{"class":517},[39,72147,61],{"class":53},[39,72149,572],{"class":517},[39,72151,3789],{"class":521},[39,72153,562],{"class":517},[39,72155,61],{"class":53},[39,72157,572],{"class":517},[39,72159,32930],{"class":521},[39,72161,562],{"class":517},[39,72163,3340],{"class":53},[39,72165,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72167,7525],{"class":45},[39,72169,117],{"class":53},[39,72171,34505],{"class":120},[39,72173,124],{"class":53},[39,72175,562],{"class":517},[39,72177,3789],{"class":521},[39,72179,562],{"class":517},[39,72181,130],{"class":53},[39,72183,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72185,7525],{"class":45},[39,72187,117],{"class":53},[39,72189,34505],{"class":120},[39,72191,124],{"class":53},[39,72193,562],{"class":517},[39,72195,3789],{"class":521},[39,72197,562],{"class":517},[39,72199,130],{"class":53},[39,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,72203,137],{"class":136},[39,72205,124],{"class":53},[39,72207,7525],{"class":120},[39,72209,130],{"class":53},[20,72211,353],{},[30,72213,72215],{"className":32,"code":72214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72216,72217],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72218,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72220,3609],{"class":53},[39,72222,524],{"class":517},[39,72224,3798],{"class":521},[39,72226,524],{"class":517},[39,72228,61],{"class":53},[39,72230,518],{"class":517},[39,72232,32930],{"class":521},[39,72234,524],{"class":517},[39,72236,3340],{"class":53},[20,72238,72239,72240,72242],{},"If you need to remove ",[382,72241,732],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[30,72244,72246],{"className":32,"code":72245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72247,72248,72288,72322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72249,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72251,7494],{"class":45},[39,72253,50],{"class":49},[39,72255,3327],{"class":53},[39,72257,562],{"class":517},[39,72259,3789],{"class":521},[39,72261,562],{"class":517},[39,72263,61],{"class":53},[39,72265,572],{"class":517},[39,72267,3798],{"class":521},[39,72269,562],{"class":517},[39,72271,61],{"class":53},[39,72273,572],{"class":517},[39,72275,3789],{"class":521},[39,72277,562],{"class":517},[39,72279,61],{"class":53},[39,72281,572],{"class":517},[39,72283,32930],{"class":521},[39,72285,562],{"class":517},[39,72287,3340],{"class":53},[39,72289,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72307,72309,72311,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72291,7494],{"class":45},[39,72293,50],{"class":49},[39,72295,3327],{"class":53},[39,72297,28247],{"class":45},[39,72299,5671],{"class":3584},[39,72301,5674],{"class":45},[39,72303,3591],{"class":3584},[39,72305,72306],{"class":45}," items ",[39,72308,6710],{"class":3584},[39,72310,5674],{"class":45},[39,72312,72313],{"class":49},"!=",[39,72315,572],{"class":517},[39,72317,3789],{"class":521},[39,72319,562],{"class":517},[39,72321,3340],{"class":53},[39,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72325,137],{"class":136},[39,72327,124],{"class":53},[39,72329,7525],{"class":120},[39,72331,130],{"class":53},[20,72333,353],{},[30,72335,72336],{"className":32,"code":72214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,72337,72338],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72339,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72341,3609],{"class":53},[39,72343,524],{"class":517},[39,72345,3798],{"class":521},[39,72347,524],{"class":517},[39,72349,61],{"class":53},[39,72351,518],{"class":517},[39,72353,32930],{"class":521},[39,72355,524],{"class":517},[39,72357,3340],{"class":53},[160,72359,65351],{"id":65350},[20,72361,65354,72362,117],{},[15,72363,40418],{},[30,72365,72367],{"className":32,"code":72366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72368,72369,72401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72370,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72372,7494],{"class":45},[39,72374,50],{"class":49},[39,72376,3327],{"class":53},[39,72378,562],{"class":517},[39,72380,3789],{"class":521},[39,72382,562],{"class":517},[39,72384,61],{"class":53},[39,72386,572],{"class":517},[39,72388,3798],{"class":521},[39,72390,562],{"class":517},[39,72392,61],{"class":53},[39,72394,572],{"class":517},[39,72396,32930],{"class":521},[39,72398,562],{"class":517},[39,72400,3340],{"class":53},[39,72402,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72404,7525],{"class":45},[39,72406,117],{"class":53},[39,72408,34505],{"class":120},[39,72410,124],{"class":53},[39,72412,562],{"class":517},[39,72414,22239],{"class":521},[39,72416,562],{"class":517},[39,72418,130],{"class":53},[20,72420,353],{},[30,72422,72424],{"className":32,"code":72423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72425,72426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72427,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72429,40418],{"class":478},[39,72431,1250],{"class":53},[39,72433,22266],{"class":478},[39,72435,117],{"class":53},[39,72437,34505],{"class":120},[39,72439,124],{"class":53},[39,72441,1880],{"class":120},[39,72443,16161],{"class":53},[39,72445,3588],{"class":45},[39,72447,4340],{"class":49},[39,72449,20881],{"class":49},[39,72451,72452],{"class":478}," list\n",[20,72454,72455],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72457,72458],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[30,72460,72462],{"className":32,"code":72461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72463,72464,72496,72508,72512,72524,72539,72543],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72465,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72467,7494],{"class":45},[39,72469,50],{"class":49},[39,72471,3327],{"class":53},[39,72473,562],{"class":517},[39,72475,3789],{"class":521},[39,72477,562],{"class":517},[39,72479,61],{"class":53},[39,72481,572],{"class":517},[39,72483,3798],{"class":521},[39,72485,562],{"class":517},[39,72487,61],{"class":53},[39,72489,572],{"class":517},[39,72491,32930],{"class":521},[39,72493,562],{"class":517},[39,72495,3340],{"class":53},[39,72497,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72499,2154],{"class":45},[39,72501,50],{"class":49},[39,72503,572],{"class":517},[39,72505,22239],{"class":521},[39,72507,3062],{"class":517},[39,72509,72510],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72511,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,72513,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,72515,6710],{"class":3584},[39,72517,21292],{"class":45},[39,72519,3591],{"class":49},[39,72521,5679],{"class":45},[39,72523,6107],{"class":53},[39,72525,72526,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,72527,72528],{"class":45},"    items",[39,72530,117],{"class":53},[39,72532,34505],{"class":120},[39,72534,124],{"class":53},[39,72536,2179],{"class":120},[39,72538,130],{"class":53},[39,72540,72541],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,72542,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,72546,137],{"class":136},[39,72548,124],{"class":53},[39,72550,7525],{"class":120},[39,72552,130],{"class":53},[20,72554,353],{},[30,72556,72558],{"className":32,"code":72557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72559,72560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72561,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72563,3609],{"class":53},[39,72565,524],{"class":517},[39,72567,3789],{"class":521},[39,72569,524],{"class":517},[39,72571,61],{"class":53},[39,72573,518],{"class":517},[39,72575,3798],{"class":521},[39,72577,524],{"class":517},[39,72579,61],{"class":53},[39,72581,518],{"class":517},[39,72583,32930],{"class":521},[39,72585,524],{"class":517},[39,72587,3340],{"class":53},[20,72589,72590,72591,72593],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72592,55248],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72595,72596,72597,117],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[195,72598,65560],{"href":72599},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[160,72601,72603],{"id":72602},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72605,72606,4104,72608,72610],{},[15,72607,55248],{},[15,72609,12475],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[176,72612,72613,72620,72626,72632],{},[179,72614,72615,72617,72618],{},[15,72616,55248],{}," deletes by ",[382,72619,2179],{},[179,72621,72622,72617,72624],{},[15,72623,12475],{},[382,72625,35558],{},[179,72627,72628,2104,72630],{},[15,72629,55248],{},[15,72631,3484],{},[179,72633,72634,72636],{},[15,72635,12475],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72638,45756,72639,1250],{},[15,72640,55248],{},[30,72642,72644],{"className":32,"code":72643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72645,72646,72678,72696],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72647,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72649,7494],{"class":45},[39,72651,50],{"class":49},[39,72653,3327],{"class":53},[39,72655,562],{"class":517},[39,72657,3789],{"class":521},[39,72659,562],{"class":517},[39,72661,61],{"class":53},[39,72663,572],{"class":517},[39,72665,3798],{"class":521},[39,72667,562],{"class":517},[39,72669,61],{"class":53},[39,72671,572],{"class":517},[39,72673,32930],{"class":521},[39,72675,562],{"class":517},[39,72677,3340],{"class":53},[39,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72681,7525],{"class":45},[39,72683,117],{"class":53},[39,72685,34505],{"class":120},[39,72687,124],{"class":53},[39,72689,562],{"class":517},[39,72691,3798],{"class":521},[39,72693,562],{"class":517},[39,72695,130],{"class":53},[39,72697,72698,72700,72702,72704],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72699,137],{"class":136},[39,72701,124],{"class":53},[39,72703,7525],{"class":120},[39,72705,130],{"class":53},[20,72707,353],{},[30,72709,72711],{"className":32,"code":72710,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72712,72713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72714,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72716,3609],{"class":53},[39,72718,524],{"class":517},[39,72720,3789],{"class":521},[39,72722,524],{"class":517},[39,72724,61],{"class":53},[39,72726,518],{"class":517},[39,72728,32930],{"class":521},[39,72730,524],{"class":517},[39,72732,3340],{"class":53},[20,72734,45756,72735,1250],{},[15,72736,12475],{},[30,72738,72740],{"className":32,"code":72739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72741,72742,72774,72793,72797,72807],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72743,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72745,7494],{"class":45},[39,72747,50],{"class":49},[39,72749,3327],{"class":53},[39,72751,562],{"class":517},[39,72753,3789],{"class":521},[39,72755,562],{"class":517},[39,72757,61],{"class":53},[39,72759,572],{"class":517},[39,72761,3798],{"class":521},[39,72763,562],{"class":517},[39,72765,61],{"class":53},[39,72767,572],{"class":517},[39,72769,32930],{"class":521},[39,72771,562],{"class":517},[39,72773,3340],{"class":53},[39,72775,72776,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72777,72778],{"class":45},"removed_item ",[39,72780,50],{"class":49},[39,72782,5679],{"class":45},[39,72784,117],{"class":53},[39,72786,25949],{"class":120},[39,72788,124],{"class":53},[39,72790,58],{"class":57},[39,72792,130],{"class":53},[39,72794,72795],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72796,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,72798,72799,72801,72803,72805],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,72800,137],{"class":136},[39,72802,124],{"class":53},[39,72804,7525],{"class":120},[39,72806,130],{"class":53},[39,72808,72809,72811,72813,72816],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,72810,137],{"class":136},[39,72812,124],{"class":53},[39,72814,72815],{"class":120},"removed_item",[39,72817,130],{"class":53},[20,72819,353],{},[30,72821,72823],{"className":32,"code":72822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72824,72825,72845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72826,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72828,3609],{"class":53},[39,72830,524],{"class":517},[39,72832,3789],{"class":521},[39,72834,524],{"class":517},[39,72836,61],{"class":53},[39,72838,518],{"class":517},[39,72840,32930],{"class":521},[39,72842,524],{"class":517},[39,72844,3340],{"class":53},[39,72846,72847],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72848,70127],{"class":45},[20,72850,154,72851,72853],{},[15,72852,55248],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72855,154,72856,72858],{},[15,72857,12475],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72860,72861,72862,117],{},"For more detail, see the ",[195,72863,72864],{"href":54798},"Python list pop() method",[160,72866,72868],{"id":72867},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72870,72871,4104,72873,72875],{},[15,72872,55248],{},[15,72874,26733],{}," are also different.",[176,72877,72878,72883,72888,72893],{},[179,72879,72880,72882],{},[15,72881,55248],{}," deletes by matching value",[179,72884,72885,72887],{},[15,72886,26733],{}," deletes by index or slice",[179,72889,154,72890,72892],{},[15,72891,26733],{}," when you know the position",[179,72894,154,72895,72897],{},[15,72896,55248],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72899,45756,72900,1250],{},[15,72901,26733],{},[30,72903,72905],{"className":32,"code":72904,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72906,72907,72939,72951],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72910,7494],{"class":45},[39,72912,50],{"class":49},[39,72914,3327],{"class":53},[39,72916,562],{"class":517},[39,72918,3789],{"class":521},[39,72920,562],{"class":517},[39,72922,61],{"class":53},[39,72924,572],{"class":517},[39,72926,3798],{"class":521},[39,72928,562],{"class":517},[39,72930,61],{"class":53},[39,72932,572],{"class":517},[39,72934,32930],{"class":521},[39,72936,562],{"class":517},[39,72938,3340],{"class":53},[39,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,72942,26733],{"class":3584},[39,72944,5679],{"class":45},[39,72946,3609],{"class":53},[39,72948,58],{"class":57},[39,72950,3340],{"class":53},[39,72952,72953,72955,72957,72959],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,72954,137],{"class":136},[39,72956,124],{"class":53},[39,72958,7525],{"class":120},[39,72960,130],{"class":53},[20,72962,353],{},[30,72964,72965],{"className":32,"code":72710,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,72966,72967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72968,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72970,3609],{"class":53},[39,72972,524],{"class":517},[39,72974,3789],{"class":521},[39,72976,524],{"class":517},[39,72978,61],{"class":53},[39,72980,518],{"class":517},[39,72982,32930],{"class":521},[39,72984,524],{"class":517},[39,72986,3340],{"class":53},[20,72988,72989,72990,72992,72993,72995],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72991,58],{},", not the value ",[15,72994,64995],{}," directly.",[20,72997,72998,72999,117],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[195,73000,54787],{"href":54786},[160,73002,2537],{"id":2536},[20,73004,20919,73005,1250],{},[15,73006,55248],{},[176,73008,73009,73012,73017,73024,73033],{},[179,73010,73011],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[179,73013,8170,73014,73016],{},[15,73015,55248],{}," to delete all matching values",[179,73018,12307,73019,73021,73022],{},[15,73020,55248],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73023,3484],{},[179,73025,718,73026,44345,73028,1292,73030,73032],{},[15,73027,55248],{},[15,73029,12475],{},[15,73031,26733],{}," would be a better fit",[179,73034,73035],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73037,71227],{},[30,73039,73041],{"className":32,"code":73040,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73042,73043,73053,73067,73085,73099],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73044,73045,73047,73049,73051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73046,137],{"class":136},[39,73048,124],{"class":53},[39,73050,8056],{"class":120},[39,73052,130],{"class":53},[39,73054,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73056,137],{"class":136},[39,73058,124],{"class":53},[39,73060,2154],{"class":120},[39,73062,3591],{"class":3584},[39,73064,8113],{"class":120},[39,73066,130],{"class":53},[39,73068,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73070,137],{"class":136},[39,73072,124],{"class":53},[39,73074,8056],{"class":120},[39,73076,117],{"class":53},[39,73078,40974],{"class":120},[39,73080,124],{"class":53},[39,73082,2179],{"class":120},[39,73084,486],{"class":53},[39,73086,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,73088,137],{"class":136},[39,73090,124],{"class":53},[39,73092,479],{"class":478},[39,73094,124],{"class":53},[39,73096,8056],{"class":120},[39,73098,486],{"class":53},[39,73100,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,73102,31861],{"class":136},[39,73104,124],{"class":53},[39,73106,7810],{"class":478},[39,73108,117],{"class":53},[39,73110,34505],{"class":24457},[39,73112,130],{"class":53},[20,73114,73115],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[176,73117,73118,73121,73124,73127],{},[179,73119,73120],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[179,73122,73123],{},"How many times does it appear?",[179,73125,73126],{},"Am I working with a list?",[179,73128,73129],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73131,73132,73133,73135],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[195,73134,71391],{"href":58684}," may also help.",[160,73137,1563],{"id":1562},[988,73139,73141],{"id":73140},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73143,73144],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[988,73146,73148],{"id":73147},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73150,4859,73151,73153],{},[15,73152,3484],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[988,73155,73157],{"id":73156},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73159,73160,73161,73164,73165,117],{},"Check with ",[15,73162,73163],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73166,55248],{},[988,73168,73170],{"id":73169},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73172,154,73173,73175,73176,73178],{},[15,73174,55248],{}," for a value and ",[15,73177,12475],{}," for an index.",[160,73180,1613],{"id":1612},[176,73182,73183,73187,73191,73195,73199],{},[179,73184,73185],{},[195,73186,55234],{"href":54786},[179,73188,73189],{},[195,73190,72864],{"href":54798},[179,73192,73193],{},[195,73194,71391],{"href":58684},[179,73196,73197],{},[195,73198,65560],{"href":72599},[179,73200,73201],{},[195,73202,73204],{"href":73203},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1642,73206,73207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":73209},[73210,73211,73212,73213,73214,73215,73216,73217,73218,73219,73225],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":71536,"depth":75,"text":71537},{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143},{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":71989,"depth":75,"text":71990},{"id":65350,"depth":75,"text":65351},{"id":72602,"depth":75,"text":72603},{"id":72867,"depth":75,"text":72868},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":73220},[73221,73222,73223,73224],{"id":73140,"depth":99,"text":73141},{"id":73147,"depth":99,"text":73148},{"id":73156,"depth":99,"text":73157},{"id":73169,"depth":99,"text":73170},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71439,"description":73226},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73233,"title":73234,"body":73235,"description":75126,"extension":1670,"meta":75127,"navigation":102,"path":75128,"seo":75129,"stem":75130,"__hash__":75131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73236,"toc":75096},[73237,73243,73249,73252,73263,73265,73314,73319,73324,73328,73343,73345,73410,73412,73453,73455,73457,73472,73474,73485,73487,73544,73546,73579,73581,73584,73633,73635,73660,73662,73678,73684,73691,73752,73754,73787,73792,73795,73875,73877,73938,73944,73948,73951,74015,74017,74042,74044,74064,74066,74115,74117,74138,74147,74150,74154,74159,74204,74206,74227,74233,74238,74246,74310,74312,74349,74355,74359,74366,74431,74433,74470,74474,74491,74501,74506,74511,74522,74529,74531,74537,74560,74563,74590,74595,74598,74699,74701,74756,74759,74866,74868,74939,74942,74968,74970,74975,74979,74987,74992,74997,75003,75008,75012,75015,75032,75035,75055,75063,75065,75093],[10,73238,54061,73240,18],{"id":73239},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73241,73242],{},"reverse()",[20,73244,73245,73248],{},[15,73246,73247],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73250,73251],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73253,73254,73255,73257,73258,73262],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73256,73242],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[195,73259,73261],{"href":73260},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[160,73264,3313],{"id":3312},[30,73266,73268],{"className":32,"code":73267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73269,73270,73290,73301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73271,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73273,1379],{"class":45},[39,73275,50],{"class":49},[39,73277,3327],{"class":53},[39,73279,58],{"class":57},[39,73281,61],{"class":53},[39,73283,64],{"class":57},[39,73285,61],{"class":53},[39,73287,69],{"class":57},[39,73289,3340],{"class":53},[39,73291,73292,73294,73296,73299],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73293,1457],{"class":45},[39,73295,117],{"class":53},[39,73297,73298],{"class":120},"reverse",[39,73300,1609],{"class":53},[39,73302,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73304,137],{"class":136},[39,73306,124],{"class":53},[39,73308,1457],{"class":120},[39,73310,3366],{"class":53},[39,73312,73313],{"class":150},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73315,73316,73318],{},[15,73317,73242],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[160,73320,3383,73322,3386],{"id":73321},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73323,73247],{},[20,73325,73326,1250],{},[15,73327,73247],{},[176,73329,73330,73333,73336,73340],{},[179,73331,73332],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[179,73334,73335],{},"Changes the original list directly",[179,73337,11137,73338],{},[15,73339,3484],{},[179,73341,73342],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73344,267],{},[30,73346,73348],{"className":32,"code":73347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73349,73350,73390,73400],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73351,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73353,35803],{"class":45},[39,73355,50],{"class":49},[39,73357,3327],{"class":53},[39,73359,562],{"class":517},[39,73361,195],{"class":521},[39,73363,562],{"class":517},[39,73365,61],{"class":53},[39,73367,572],{"class":517},[39,73369,127],{"class":521},[39,73371,562],{"class":517},[39,73373,61],{"class":53},[39,73375,572],{"class":517},[39,73377,9454],{"class":521},[39,73379,562],{"class":517},[39,73381,61],{"class":53},[39,73383,572],{"class":517},[39,73385,18474],{"class":521},[39,73387,562],{"class":517},[39,73389,3340],{"class":53},[39,73391,73392,73394,73396,73398],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73393,35856],{"class":45},[39,73395,117],{"class":53},[39,73397,73298],{"class":120},[39,73399,1609],{"class":53},[39,73401,73402,73404,73406,73408],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73403,137],{"class":136},[39,73405,124],{"class":53},[39,73407,35856],{"class":120},[39,73409,130],{"class":53},[20,73411,353],{},[30,73413,73415],{"className":32,"code":73414,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73416,73417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73418,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73420,3609],{"class":53},[39,73422,524],{"class":517},[39,73424,18474],{"class":521},[39,73426,524],{"class":517},[39,73428,61],{"class":53},[39,73430,518],{"class":517},[39,73432,9454],{"class":521},[39,73434,524],{"class":517},[39,73436,61],{"class":53},[39,73438,518],{"class":517},[39,73440,127],{"class":521},[39,73442,524],{"class":517},[39,73444,61],{"class":53},[39,73446,518],{"class":517},[39,73448,195],{"class":521},[39,73450,524],{"class":517},[39,73452,3340],{"class":53},[160,73454,202],{"id":201},[20,73456,1866],{},[30,73458,73460],{"className":32,"code":73459,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73461,73462],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73463,73464,73466,73468,73470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73465,8056],{"class":45},[39,73467,117],{"class":53},[39,73469,73298],{"class":120},[39,73471,1609],{"class":53},[20,73473,174],{},[176,73475,73476,73479,73482],{},[179,73477,73478],{},"No arguments are needed",[179,73480,73481],{},"You call it on an existing list",[179,73483,73484],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73486,267],{},[30,73488,73490],{"className":32,"code":73489,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73491,73492,73524,73534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73493,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73495,12786],{"class":45},[39,73497,50],{"class":49},[39,73499,3327],{"class":53},[39,73501,562],{"class":517},[39,73503,565],{"class":521},[39,73505,562],{"class":517},[39,73507,61],{"class":53},[39,73509,572],{"class":517},[39,73511,584],{"class":521},[39,73513,562],{"class":517},[39,73515,61],{"class":53},[39,73517,572],{"class":517},[39,73519,575],{"class":521},[39,73521,562],{"class":517},[39,73523,3340],{"class":53},[39,73525,73526,73528,73530,73532],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73527,17209],{"class":45},[39,73529,117],{"class":53},[39,73531,73298],{"class":120},[39,73533,1609],{"class":53},[39,73535,73536,73538,73540,73542],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73537,137],{"class":136},[39,73539,124],{"class":53},[39,73541,17209],{"class":120},[39,73543,130],{"class":53},[20,73545,353],{},[30,73547,73549],{"className":32,"code":73548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73550,73551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73552,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73554,3609],{"class":53},[39,73556,524],{"class":517},[39,73558,575],{"class":521},[39,73560,524],{"class":517},[39,73562,61],{"class":53},[39,73564,518],{"class":517},[39,73566,584],{"class":521},[39,73568,524],{"class":517},[39,73570,61],{"class":53},[39,73572,518],{"class":517},[39,73574,565],{"class":521},[39,73576,524],{"class":517},[39,73578,3340],{"class":53},[160,73580,542],{"id":541},[20,73582,73583],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[30,73585,73587],{"className":32,"code":73586,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73588,73589,73613,73623],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73590,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73592,1379],{"class":45},[39,73594,50],{"class":49},[39,73596,3327],{"class":53},[39,73598,2037],{"class":57},[39,73600,61],{"class":53},[39,73602,7505],{"class":57},[39,73604,61],{"class":53},[39,73606,7510],{"class":57},[39,73608,61],{"class":53},[39,73610,50561],{"class":57},[39,73612,3340],{"class":53},[39,73614,73615,73617,73619,73621],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73616,1457],{"class":45},[39,73618,117],{"class":53},[39,73620,73298],{"class":120},[39,73622,1609],{"class":53},[39,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73626,137],{"class":136},[39,73628,124],{"class":53},[39,73630,1457],{"class":120},[39,73632,130],{"class":53},[20,73634,353],{},[30,73636,73638],{"className":32,"code":73637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73639,73640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73641,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73643,3609],{"class":53},[39,73645,56412],{"class":57},[39,73647,61],{"class":53},[39,73649,7510],{"class":57},[39,73651,61],{"class":53},[39,73653,7505],{"class":57},[39,73655,61],{"class":53},[39,73657,5718],{"class":57},[39,73659,3340],{"class":53},[20,73661,692],{},[176,73663,73664,73670,73675],{},[179,73665,73666,73667],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73668,73669],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[179,73671,73672,73674],{},[15,73673,73242],{}," flips the order",[179,73676,73677],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[160,73679,73681,73683],{"id":73680},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73682,73242],{}," changes the original list",[20,73685,73686,73687,73690],{},"This method is ",[382,73688,73689],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[30,73692,73694],{"className":32,"code":73693,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73695,73696,73728,73738,73742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73697,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73699,35952],{"class":45},[39,73701,50],{"class":49},[39,73703,3327],{"class":53},[39,73705,562],{"class":517},[39,73707,3789],{"class":521},[39,73709,562],{"class":517},[39,73711,61],{"class":53},[39,73713,572],{"class":517},[39,73715,3798],{"class":521},[39,73717,562],{"class":517},[39,73719,61],{"class":53},[39,73721,572],{"class":517},[39,73723,3807],{"class":521},[39,73725,562],{"class":517},[39,73727,3340],{"class":53},[39,73729,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73731,36004],{"class":45},[39,73733,117],{"class":53},[39,73735,73298],{"class":120},[39,73737,1609],{"class":53},[39,73739,73740],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73741,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,73743,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,73745,137],{"class":136},[39,73747,124],{"class":53},[39,73749,36004],{"class":120},[39,73751,130],{"class":53},[20,73753,353],{},[30,73755,73757],{"className":32,"code":73756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73758,73759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73760,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73762,3609],{"class":53},[39,73764,524],{"class":517},[39,73766,3807],{"class":521},[39,73768,524],{"class":517},[39,73770,61],{"class":53},[39,73772,518],{"class":517},[39,73774,3798],{"class":521},[39,73776,524],{"class":517},[39,73778,61],{"class":53},[39,73780,518],{"class":517},[39,73782,3789],{"class":521},[39,73784,524],{"class":517},[39,73786,3340],{"class":53},[20,73788,154,73789,73791],{},[15,73790,73242],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73793,73794],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[30,73796,73798],{"className":32,"code":73797,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73799,73800,73832,73850,73854,73864],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73803,35952],{"class":45},[39,73805,50],{"class":49},[39,73807,3327],{"class":53},[39,73809,562],{"class":517},[39,73811,3789],{"class":521},[39,73813,562],{"class":517},[39,73815,61],{"class":53},[39,73817,572],{"class":517},[39,73819,3798],{"class":521},[39,73821,562],{"class":517},[39,73823,61],{"class":53},[39,73825,572],{"class":517},[39,73827,3807],{"class":521},[39,73829,562],{"class":517},[39,73831,3340],{"class":53},[39,73833,73834,73837,73839,73841,73844,73846,73848],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73835,73836],{"class":45},"reversed_fruits ",[39,73838,50],{"class":49},[39,73840,52570],{"class":45},[39,73842,73843],{"class":53},"[::",[39,73845,1730],{"class":49},[39,73847,58],{"class":57},[39,73849,3340],{"class":53},[39,73851,73852],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73853,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,73857,137],{"class":136},[39,73859,124],{"class":53},[39,73861,36004],{"class":120},[39,73863,130],{"class":53},[39,73865,73866,73868,73870,73873],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,73867,137],{"class":136},[39,73869,124],{"class":53},[39,73871,73872],{"class":120},"reversed_fruits",[39,73874,130],{"class":53},[20,73876,353],{},[30,73878,73880],{"className":32,"code":73879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73881,73882,73910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73883,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73885,3609],{"class":53},[39,73887,524],{"class":517},[39,73889,3789],{"class":521},[39,73891,524],{"class":517},[39,73893,61],{"class":53},[39,73895,518],{"class":517},[39,73897,3798],{"class":521},[39,73899,524],{"class":517},[39,73901,61],{"class":53},[39,73903,518],{"class":517},[39,73905,3807],{"class":521},[39,73907,524],{"class":517},[39,73909,3340],{"class":53},[39,73911,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73913,3609],{"class":53},[39,73915,524],{"class":517},[39,73917,3807],{"class":521},[39,73919,524],{"class":517},[39,73921,61],{"class":53},[39,73923,518],{"class":517},[39,73925,3798],{"class":521},[39,73927,524],{"class":517},[39,73929,61],{"class":53},[39,73931,518],{"class":517},[39,73933,3789],{"class":521},[39,73935,524],{"class":517},[39,73937,3340],{"class":53},[20,73939,73940,73941,117],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[195,73942,73943],{"href":73260},"Python list slicing explained",[160,73945,73947],{"id":73946},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73949,73950],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[30,73952,73954],{"className":32,"code":73953,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73955,73956,73976,73990,73994,74005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73959,1379],{"class":45},[39,73961,50],{"class":49},[39,73963,3327],{"class":53},[39,73965,58],{"class":57},[39,73967,61],{"class":53},[39,73969,64],{"class":57},[39,73971,61],{"class":53},[39,73973,69],{"class":57},[39,73975,3340],{"class":53},[39,73977,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,73979,55609],{"class":45},[39,73981,50],{"class":49},[39,73983,1433],{"class":45},[39,73985,117],{"class":53},[39,73987,73298],{"class":120},[39,73989,1609],{"class":53},[39,73991,73992],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,73993,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,73995,73996,73998,74000,74003],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,73997,137],{"class":136},[39,73999,124],{"class":53},[39,74001,74002],{"class":120},"new_list",[39,74004,130],{"class":53},[39,74006,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74008,137],{"class":136},[39,74010,124],{"class":53},[39,74012,1457],{"class":120},[39,74014,130],{"class":53},[20,74016,353],{},[30,74018,74020],{"className":32,"code":74019,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74021,74022,74026],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74023,74024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74025,11520],{"class":3559},[39,74027,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74029,3609],{"class":53},[39,74031,307],{"class":57},[39,74033,61],{"class":53},[39,74035,64],{"class":57},[39,74037,61],{"class":53},[39,74039,5210],{"class":57},[39,74041,3340],{"class":53},[20,74043,11612],{},[176,74045,74046,74054,74058],{},[179,74047,74048,74050,74051,74053],{},[15,74049,73242],{}," changes ",[15,74052,1457],{}," directly",[179,74055,40620,74056,71560],{},[382,74057,4340],{},[179,74059,53372,74060,41870,74062],{},[15,74061,74002],{},[15,74063,3484],{},[20,74065,61618],{},[30,74067,74069],{"className":32,"code":74068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74070,74071,74091,74101,74105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74072,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74074,1379],{"class":45},[39,74076,50],{"class":49},[39,74078,3327],{"class":53},[39,74080,58],{"class":57},[39,74082,61],{"class":53},[39,74084,64],{"class":57},[39,74086,61],{"class":53},[39,74088,69],{"class":57},[39,74090,3340],{"class":53},[39,74092,74093,74095,74097,74099],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74094,1457],{"class":45},[39,74096,117],{"class":53},[39,74098,73298],{"class":120},[39,74100,1609],{"class":53},[39,74102,74103],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74104,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74106,74107,74109,74111,74113],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74108,137],{"class":136},[39,74110,124],{"class":53},[39,74112,1457],{"class":120},[39,74114,130],{"class":53},[20,74116,353],{},[30,74118,74120],{"className":32,"code":74119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74121,74122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74123,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74125,3609],{"class":53},[39,74127,307],{"class":57},[39,74129,61],{"class":53},[39,74131,64],{"class":57},[39,74133,61],{"class":53},[39,74135,5210],{"class":57},[39,74137,3340],{"class":53},[160,74139,74141,980,74143,74146],{"id":74140},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74142,73242],{},[15,74144,74145],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74148,74149],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[988,74151,74152],{"id":73298},[15,74153,73242],{},[20,74155,74156,74158],{},[15,74157,73242],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[30,74160,74162],{"className":32,"code":74161,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74163,74164,74184,74194],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74165,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74167,1379],{"class":45},[39,74169,50],{"class":49},[39,74171,3327],{"class":53},[39,74173,307],{"class":57},[39,74175,61],{"class":53},[39,74177,5210],{"class":57},[39,74179,61],{"class":53},[39,74181,64],{"class":57},[39,74183,3340],{"class":53},[39,74185,74186,74188,74190,74192],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74187,1457],{"class":45},[39,74189,117],{"class":53},[39,74191,73298],{"class":120},[39,74193,1609],{"class":53},[39,74195,74196,74198,74200,74202],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74197,137],{"class":136},[39,74199,124],{"class":53},[39,74201,1457],{"class":120},[39,74203,130],{"class":53},[20,74205,353],{},[30,74207,74209],{"className":32,"code":74208,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74210,74211],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74212,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74214,3609],{"class":53},[39,74216,85],{"class":57},[39,74218,61],{"class":53},[39,74220,5210],{"class":57},[39,74222,61],{"class":53},[39,74224,69],{"class":57},[39,74226,3340],{"class":53},[20,74228,74229,74230,74232],{},"Notice that this is ",[382,74231,4340],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[988,74234,74236],{"id":74235},"sorted",[15,74237,74145],{},[20,74239,74240,74245],{},[195,74241,74243],{"href":74242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74244,74145],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[30,74247,74249],{"className":32,"code":74248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74250,74251,74271,74286,74290,74300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74252,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74254,1379],{"class":45},[39,74256,50],{"class":49},[39,74258,3327],{"class":53},[39,74260,307],{"class":57},[39,74262,61],{"class":53},[39,74264,5210],{"class":57},[39,74266,61],{"class":53},[39,74268,64],{"class":57},[39,74270,3340],{"class":53},[39,74272,74273,74275,74277,74280,74282,74284],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74274,109],{"class":45},[39,74276,50],{"class":49},[39,74278,74279],{"class":136}," sorted",[39,74281,124],{"class":53},[39,74283,1457],{"class":120},[39,74285,130],{"class":53},[39,74287,74288],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74289,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74291,74292,74294,74296,74298],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74293,137],{"class":136},[39,74295,124],{"class":53},[39,74297,1457],{"class":120},[39,74299,130],{"class":53},[39,74301,74302,74304,74306,74308],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74303,137],{"class":136},[39,74305,124],{"class":53},[39,74307,142],{"class":120},[39,74309,130],{"class":53},[20,74311,353],{},[30,74313,74315],{"className":32,"code":74314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74316,74317,74333],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74320,3609],{"class":53},[39,74322,307],{"class":57},[39,74324,61],{"class":53},[39,74326,5210],{"class":57},[39,74328,61],{"class":53},[39,74330,64],{"class":57},[39,74332,3340],{"class":53},[39,74334,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74336,3609],{"class":53},[39,74338,58],{"class":57},[39,74340,61],{"class":53},[39,74342,64],{"class":57},[39,74344,61],{"class":53},[39,74346,69],{"class":57},[39,74348,3340],{"class":53},[20,74350,74351,74352,117],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74353,74354],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[988,74356,74358],{"id":74357},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74360,74361,74362,74365],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74363,74364],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[30,74367,74369],{"className":32,"code":74368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74370,74371,74391,74407,74411,74421],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74372,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74374,1379],{"class":45},[39,74376,50],{"class":49},[39,74378,3327],{"class":53},[39,74380,307],{"class":57},[39,74382,61],{"class":53},[39,74384,5210],{"class":57},[39,74386,61],{"class":53},[39,74388,64],{"class":57},[39,74390,3340],{"class":53},[39,74392,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74394,109],{"class":45},[39,74396,50],{"class":49},[39,74398,1433],{"class":45},[39,74400,73843],{"class":53},[39,74402,1730],{"class":49},[39,74404,58],{"class":57},[39,74406,3340],{"class":53},[39,74408,74409],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74410,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74412,74413,74415,74417,74419],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74414,137],{"class":136},[39,74416,124],{"class":53},[39,74418,1457],{"class":120},[39,74420,130],{"class":53},[39,74422,74423,74425,74427,74429],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74424,137],{"class":136},[39,74426,124],{"class":53},[39,74428,142],{"class":120},[39,74430,130],{"class":53},[20,74432,353],{},[30,74434,74436],{"className":32,"code":74435,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74437,74438,74454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74439,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74441,3609],{"class":53},[39,74443,307],{"class":57},[39,74445,61],{"class":53},[39,74447,5210],{"class":57},[39,74449,61],{"class":53},[39,74451,64],{"class":57},[39,74453,3340],{"class":53},[39,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74457,3609],{"class":53},[39,74459,85],{"class":57},[39,74461,61],{"class":53},[39,74463,5210],{"class":57},[39,74465,61],{"class":53},[39,74467,69],{"class":57},[39,74469,3340],{"class":53},[988,74471,74473],{"id":74472},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[176,74475,74476,74481,74486],{},[179,74477,154,74478,74480],{},[15,74479,73242],{}," when you want to change the original list",[179,74482,154,74483,74485],{},[15,74484,74364],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[179,74487,154,74488,74490],{},[15,74489,74145],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74492,74493,74494,74500],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[195,74495,74497,74498,1627],{"href":74496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74499,64032],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[160,74502,4671,74504],{"id":74503},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74505,73242],{},[20,74507,74508,74510],{},[15,74509,73242],{}," is a good choice:",[176,74512,74513,74516,74519],{},[179,74514,74515],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[179,74517,74518],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[179,74520,74521],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74523,74524,74525,117],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[195,74526,74528],{"href":74527},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[160,74530,2537],{"id":2536},[20,74532,74533,74534,74536],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74535,73242],{}," for these reasons:",[176,74538,74539,74543,74548,74553],{},[179,74540,12307,74541,12310],{},[15,74542,73242],{},[179,74544,8170,74545,74547],{},[15,74546,73242],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[179,74549,718,74550,74552],{},[15,74551,73242],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[179,74554,1282,74555,1285,74557],{},[15,74556,73242],{},[15,74558,74559],{},"reversed()",[20,74561,74562],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[30,74564,74566],{"className":32,"code":74565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74567,74568,74580],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74569,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74571,34398],{"class":45},[39,74573,50],{"class":49},[39,74575,572],{"class":517},[39,74577,3552],{"class":521},[39,74579,3062],{"class":517},[39,74581,74582,74584,74586,74588],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74583,34419],{"class":45},[39,74585,117],{"class":53},[39,74587,73298],{"class":120},[39,74589,1609],{"class":53},[20,74591,74592,74593,33310],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74594,73242],{},[20,74596,74597],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[30,74599,74601],{"className":32,"code":74600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74602,74603,74623,74627,74637,74651,74655,74669,74679,74683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74606,8025],{"class":45},[39,74608,50],{"class":49},[39,74610,3327],{"class":53},[39,74612,58],{"class":57},[39,74614,61],{"class":53},[39,74616,64],{"class":57},[39,74618,61],{"class":53},[39,74620,69],{"class":57},[39,74622,3340],{"class":53},[39,74624,74625],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74626,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74630,137],{"class":136},[39,74632,124],{"class":53},[39,74634,8056],{"class":120},[39,74636,130],{"class":53},[39,74638,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74640,137],{"class":136},[39,74642,124],{"class":53},[39,74644,479],{"class":478},[39,74646,124],{"class":53},[39,74648,8056],{"class":120},[39,74650,486],{"class":53},[39,74652,74653],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74654,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74656,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,74658,109],{"class":45},[39,74660,50],{"class":49},[39,74662,8113],{"class":45},[39,74664,117],{"class":53},[39,74666,73298],{"class":120},[39,74668,1609],{"class":53},[39,74670,74671,74673,74675,74677],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,74672,137],{"class":136},[39,74674,124],{"class":53},[39,74676,142],{"class":120},[39,74678,130],{"class":53},[39,74680,74681],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,74682,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74684,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,74686,137],{"class":136},[39,74688,124],{"class":53},[39,74690,8056],{"class":120},[39,74692,73843],{"class":53},[39,74694,1730],{"class":49},[39,74696,58],{"class":57},[39,74698,3597],{"class":53},[20,74700,353],{},[30,74702,74704],{"className":32,"code":74703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74705,74706,74722,74736,74740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74707,74708,74710,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74709,3609],{"class":53},[39,74711,58],{"class":57},[39,74713,61],{"class":53},[39,74715,64],{"class":57},[39,74717,61],{"class":53},[39,74719,69],{"class":57},[39,74721,3340],{"class":53},[39,74723,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74725,510],{"class":49},[39,74727,514],{"class":513},[39,74729,518],{"class":517},[39,74731,7810],{"class":521},[39,74733,524],{"class":517},[39,74735,527],{"class":49},[39,74737,74738],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74739,11520],{"class":3559},[39,74741,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74743,3609],{"class":53},[39,74745,58],{"class":57},[39,74747,61],{"class":53},[39,74749,64],{"class":57},[39,74751,61],{"class":53},[39,74753,5210],{"class":57},[39,74755,3340],{"class":53},[20,74757,74758],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[30,74760,74762],{"className":32,"code":74761,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74763,74764,74784,74788,74798,74812,74816,74830,74840,74850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74765,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74767,8025],{"class":45},[39,74769,50],{"class":49},[39,74771,3327],{"class":53},[39,74773,58],{"class":57},[39,74775,61],{"class":53},[39,74777,64],{"class":57},[39,74779,61],{"class":53},[39,74781,69],{"class":57},[39,74783,3340],{"class":53},[39,74785,74786],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74787,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74791,137],{"class":136},[39,74793,124],{"class":53},[39,74795,8056],{"class":120},[39,74797,130],{"class":53},[39,74799,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74801,137],{"class":136},[39,74803,124],{"class":53},[39,74805,479],{"class":478},[39,74807,124],{"class":53},[39,74809,8056],{"class":120},[39,74811,486],{"class":53},[39,74813,74814],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74815,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,74817,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,74819,109],{"class":45},[39,74821,50],{"class":49},[39,74823,8113],{"class":45},[39,74825,117],{"class":53},[39,74827,73298],{"class":120},[39,74829,1609],{"class":53},[39,74831,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,74833,137],{"class":136},[39,74835,124],{"class":53},[39,74837,142],{"class":120},[39,74839,130],{"class":53},[39,74841,74842,74844,74846,74848],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,74843,137],{"class":136},[39,74845,124],{"class":53},[39,74847,8056],{"class":120},[39,74849,130],{"class":53},[39,74851,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,74853,137],{"class":136},[39,74855,124],{"class":53},[39,74857,8056],{"class":120},[39,74859,73843],{"class":53},[39,74861,1730],{"class":49},[39,74863,58],{"class":57},[39,74865,3597],{"class":53},[20,74867,353],{},[30,74869,74871],{"className":32,"code":74870,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74872,74873,74889,74903,74907,74923],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74874,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74876,3609],{"class":53},[39,74878,58],{"class":57},[39,74880,61],{"class":53},[39,74882,64],{"class":57},[39,74884,61],{"class":53},[39,74886,69],{"class":57},[39,74888,3340],{"class":53},[39,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,74892,510],{"class":49},[39,74894,514],{"class":513},[39,74896,518],{"class":517},[39,74898,7810],{"class":521},[39,74900,524],{"class":517},[39,74902,527],{"class":49},[39,74904,74905],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,74906,11520],{"class":3559},[39,74908,74909,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,74910,3609],{"class":53},[39,74912,307],{"class":57},[39,74914,61],{"class":53},[39,74916,64],{"class":57},[39,74918,61],{"class":53},[39,74920,5210],{"class":57},[39,74922,3340],{"class":53},[39,74924,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,74926,3609],{"class":53},[39,74928,58],{"class":57},[39,74930,61],{"class":53},[39,74932,64],{"class":57},[39,74934,61],{"class":53},[39,74936,69],{"class":57},[39,74938,3340],{"class":53},[20,74940,74941],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[176,74943,74944,74953,74962],{},[179,74945,27504,74946,74949,74950],{},[15,74947,74948],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74951,74952],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[179,74954,11628,74955,74958,74959,22266],{},[15,74956,74957],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[382,74960,74961],{},"current",[179,74963,74964,74965],{},"So it prints ",[15,74966,74967],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[160,74969,1563],{"id":1562},[988,74971,1567,74973,55188],{"id":74972},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74974,73247],{},[20,74976,62323,74977,117],{},[15,74978,3484],{},[988,74980,33915,74982,33918,74984,2199],{"id":74981},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74983,73242],{},[15,74985,74986],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74988,74989,74991],{},[15,74990,73242],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74993,74994,74996],{},[15,74995,74986],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[988,74998,28037,75000,75002],{"id":74999},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75001,73242],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75004,46081,75005,75007],{},[15,75006,73242],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[988,75009,75011],{"id":75010},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75013,75014],{},"Use slicing:",[30,75016,75018],{"className":32,"code":75017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75019,75020],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75021,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75023,8056],{"class":45},[39,75025,73843],{"class":53},[39,75027,1730],{"class":49},[39,75029,58],{"class":57},[39,75031,3340],{"class":53},[20,75033,75034],{},"Or use:",[30,75036,75038],{"className":32,"code":75037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75039,75040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75041,75042,75044,75046,75049,75051,75053],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75043,7810],{"class":478},[39,75045,124],{"class":53},[39,75047,75048],{"class":136},"reversed",[39,75050,124],{"class":53},[39,75052,8056],{"class":120},[39,75054,486],{"class":53},[20,75056,75057,75058,75062],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[195,75059,55239,75060],{"href":54679},[15,75061,12489],{}," can also help.",[160,75064,1613],{"id":1612},[176,75066,75067,75073,75079,75083,75087],{},[179,75068,75069],{},[195,75070,55239,75071,1627],{"href":74496},[15,75072,64032],{},[179,75074,75075],{},[195,75076,13,75077,3213],{"href":74242},[15,75078,74145],{},[179,75080,75081],{},[195,75082,74528],{"href":74527},[179,75084,75085],{},[195,75086,73943],{"href":73260},[179,75088,75089],{},[195,75090,55239,75091,1627],{"href":54679},[15,75092,12489],{},[1642,75094,75095],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":75097},[75098,75099,75101,75102,75103,75105,75106,75113,75115,75116,75125],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":73321,"depth":75,"text":75100},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":73680,"depth":75,"text":75104},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73946,"depth":75,"text":73947},{"id":74140,"depth":75,"text":75107,"children":75108},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75109,75110,75111,75112],{"id":73298,"depth":99,"text":73242},{"id":74235,"depth":99,"text":74145},{"id":74357,"depth":99,"text":74358},{"id":74472,"depth":99,"text":74473},{"id":74503,"depth":75,"text":75114},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":75117},[75118,75120,75122,75124],{"id":74972,"depth":99,"text":75119},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74981,"depth":99,"text":75121},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74999,"depth":99,"text":75123},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75010,"depth":99,"text":75011},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73234,"description":75126},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75133,"title":75134,"body":75135,"description":77568,"extension":1670,"meta":77569,"navigation":102,"path":77570,"seo":77571,"stem":77572,"__hash__":77573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75136,"toc":77536},[75137,75140,75152,75155,75178,75186,75188,75300,75309,75313,75316,75319,75406,75408,75441,75443,75466,75472,75476,75479,75501,75503,75520,75523,75543,75545,75655,75657,75734,75738,75741,75784,75786,75919,75921,76023,76028,76032,76035,76037,76051,76054,76168,76170,76244,76246,76274,76278,76283,76313,76316,76442,76444,76526,76532,76536,76538,76577,76586,76590,76593,76597,76644,76646,76654,76658,76709,76711,76724,76726,76740,76743,76751,76753,76800,76802,76810,76813,76856,76861,76864,76867,76890,76894,76945,76948,76969,76979,76983,76985,77015,77018,77041,77045,77048,77115,77117,77154,77157,77165,77232,77234,77271,77277,77284,77288,77291,77321,77326,77330,77333,77357,77360,77454,77464,77466,77470,77473,77477,77480,77485,77488,77494,77497,77499,77527,77533],[10,75138,75134],{"id":75139},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75141,75142,75143,1896,75145,16781,75148,75151],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75144,35785],{},[15,75146,75147],{},"stop",[15,75149,75150],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75153,75154],{},"The basic slice form is:",[30,75156,75158],{"className":32,"code":75157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75159,75160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75161,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75163,8056],{"class":45},[39,75165,3609],{"class":53},[39,75167,35785],{"class":45},[39,75169,1250],{"class":53},[39,75171,75147],{"class":45},[39,75173,1250],{"class":53},[39,75175,75150],{"class":45},[39,75177,3340],{"class":53},[20,75179,75180,75181,75183,75184,117],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75182,75147],{}," position is ",[382,75185,64790],{},[160,75187,1711],{"id":1710},[30,75189,75191],{"className":32,"code":75190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75192,75193,75221,75225,75246,75264,75281],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75196,1379],{"class":45},[39,75198,50],{"class":49},[39,75200,3327],{"class":53},[39,75202,2037],{"class":57},[39,75204,61],{"class":53},[39,75206,7505],{"class":57},[39,75208,61],{"class":53},[39,75210,7510],{"class":57},[39,75212,61],{"class":53},[39,75214,50561],{"class":57},[39,75216,61],{"class":53},[39,75218,4791],{"class":57},[39,75220,3340],{"class":53},[39,75222,75223],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75224,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,75226,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75228,137],{"class":136},[39,75230,124],{"class":53},[39,75232,1457],{"class":120},[39,75234,3609],{"class":53},[39,75236,58],{"class":57},[39,75238,1250],{"class":53},[39,75240,2212],{"class":57},[39,75242,20153],{"class":53},[39,75244,75245],{"class":150},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[39,75247,75248,75250,75252,75254,75257,75259,75261],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75249,137],{"class":136},[39,75251,124],{"class":53},[39,75253,1457],{"class":120},[39,75255,75256],{"class":53},"[:",[39,75258,307],{"class":57},[39,75260,20153],{"class":53},[39,75262,75263],{"class":150},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[39,75265,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,75267,137],{"class":136},[39,75269,124],{"class":53},[39,75271,1457],{"class":120},[39,75273,73843],{"class":53},[39,75275,85],{"class":57},[39,75277,20153],{"class":53},[39,75279,75280],{"class":150},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[39,75282,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,75284,137],{"class":136},[39,75286,124],{"class":53},[39,75288,1457],{"class":120},[39,75290,73843],{"class":53},[39,75292,1730],{"class":49},[39,75294,58],{"class":57},[39,75296,20153],{"class":53},[39,75298,75299],{"class":150},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75301,154,75302,75305,75306,75308],{},[15,75303,75304],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75307,75147],{}," value is not included.",[160,75310,75312],{"id":75311},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75314,75315],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75317,75318],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[30,75320,75322],{"className":32,"code":75321,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75323,75324,75372,75376,75395],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75327,35803],{"class":45},[39,75329,50],{"class":49},[39,75331,3327],{"class":53},[39,75333,562],{"class":517},[39,75335,195],{"class":521},[39,75337,562],{"class":517},[39,75339,61],{"class":53},[39,75341,572],{"class":517},[39,75343,127],{"class":521},[39,75345,562],{"class":517},[39,75347,61],{"class":53},[39,75349,572],{"class":517},[39,75351,9454],{"class":521},[39,75353,562],{"class":517},[39,75355,61],{"class":53},[39,75357,572],{"class":517},[39,75359,18474],{"class":521},[39,75361,562],{"class":517},[39,75363,61],{"class":53},[39,75365,572],{"class":517},[39,75367,60167],{"class":521},[39,75369,562],{"class":517},[39,75371,3340],{"class":53},[39,75373,75374],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75375,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,75377,75378,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75379,75380],{"class":45},"part ",[39,75382,50],{"class":49},[39,75384,69817],{"class":45},[39,75386,3609],{"class":53},[39,75388,58],{"class":57},[39,75390,1250],{"class":53},[39,75392,2212],{"class":57},[39,75394,3340],{"class":53},[39,75396,75397,75399,75401,75404],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75398,137],{"class":136},[39,75400,124],{"class":53},[39,75402,75403],{"class":120},"part",[39,75405,130],{"class":53},[20,75407,353],{},[30,75409,75411],{"className":32,"code":75410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75412,75413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75414,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75416,3609],{"class":53},[39,75418,524],{"class":517},[39,75420,127],{"class":521},[39,75422,524],{"class":517},[39,75424,61],{"class":53},[39,75426,518],{"class":517},[39,75428,9454],{"class":521},[39,75430,524],{"class":517},[39,75432,61],{"class":53},[39,75434,518],{"class":517},[39,75436,18474],{"class":521},[39,75438,524],{"class":517},[39,75440,3340],{"class":53},[20,75442,174],{},[176,75444,75445,75448,75451,75457,75463],{},[179,75446,75447],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[179,75449,75450],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[179,75452,75453,75454],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75455,75456],{},"list[start:stop]",[179,75458,75459,75460,75462],{},"The item at ",[15,75461,75147],{}," is not included",[179,75464,75465],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75467,75468,75469,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[195,75470,75471],{"href":50697},"beginner guide to Python lists",[160,75473,75475],{"id":75474},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75477,75478],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[30,75480,75481],{"className":32,"code":75157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,75482,75483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75484,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75486,8056],{"class":45},[39,75488,3609],{"class":53},[39,75490,35785],{"class":45},[39,75492,1250],{"class":53},[39,75494,75147],{"class":45},[39,75496,1250],{"class":53},[39,75498,75150],{"class":45},[39,75500,3340],{"class":53},[20,75502,64766],{},[176,75504,75505,75510,75515],{},[179,75506,75507,75509],{},[15,75508,35785],{}," is where slicing begins",[179,75511,75512,75514],{},[15,75513,75147],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[179,75516,75517,75519],{},[15,75518,75150],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75521,75522],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[176,75524,75525,75531,75536],{},[179,75526,75527,75528,75530],{},"Missing ",[15,75529,35785],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[179,75532,75527,75533,75535],{},[15,75534,75147],{}," means go to the end of the list",[179,75537,75527,75538,75540,75541],{},[15,75539,75150],{}," means use ",[15,75542,58],{},[20,75544,267],{},[30,75546,75548],{"className":32,"code":75547,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75549,75550,75578,75582,75603,75620,75638],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75551,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75553,1379],{"class":45},[39,75555,50],{"class":49},[39,75557,3327],{"class":53},[39,75559,2037],{"class":57},[39,75561,61],{"class":53},[39,75563,7505],{"class":57},[39,75565,61],{"class":53},[39,75567,7510],{"class":57},[39,75569,61],{"class":53},[39,75571,50561],{"class":57},[39,75573,61],{"class":53},[39,75575,4791],{"class":57},[39,75577,3340],{"class":53},[39,75579,75580],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75581,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,75583,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75585,137],{"class":136},[39,75587,124],{"class":53},[39,75589,1457],{"class":120},[39,75591,3609],{"class":53},[39,75593,58],{"class":57},[39,75595,1250],{"class":53},[39,75597,2212],{"class":57},[39,75599,20153],{"class":53},[39,75601,75602],{"class":150},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[39,75604,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75606,137],{"class":136},[39,75608,124],{"class":53},[39,75610,1457],{"class":120},[39,75612,75256],{"class":53},[39,75614,307],{"class":57},[39,75616,20153],{"class":53},[39,75618,75619],{"class":150},"    # start from the beginning\n",[39,75621,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75635],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,75623,137],{"class":136},[39,75625,124],{"class":53},[39,75627,1457],{"class":120},[39,75629,3609],{"class":53},[39,75631,85],{"class":57},[39,75633,75634],{"class":53},":])",[39,75636,75637],{"class":150},"    # go to the end\n",[39,75639,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,75641,137],{"class":136},[39,75643,124],{"class":53},[39,75645,1457],{"class":120},[39,75647,73843],{"class":53},[39,75649,58],{"class":57},[39,75651,20153],{"class":53},[39,75653,75654],{"class":150},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75656,353],{},[30,75658,75660],{"className":32,"code":75659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75661,75662,75678,75694,75710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75663,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75665,3609],{"class":53},[39,75667,15463],{"class":57},[39,75669,61],{"class":53},[39,75671,7510],{"class":57},[39,75673,61],{"class":53},[39,75675,50561],{"class":57},[39,75677,3340],{"class":53},[39,75679,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75681,3609],{"class":53},[39,75683,2037],{"class":57},[39,75685,61],{"class":53},[39,75687,7505],{"class":57},[39,75689,61],{"class":53},[39,75691,7510],{"class":57},[39,75693,3340],{"class":53},[39,75695,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75697,3609],{"class":53},[39,75699,36555],{"class":57},[39,75701,61],{"class":53},[39,75703,50561],{"class":57},[39,75705,61],{"class":53},[39,75707,4791],{"class":57},[39,75709,3340],{"class":53},[39,75711,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75713,3609],{"class":53},[39,75715,2037],{"class":57},[39,75717,61],{"class":53},[39,75719,7505],{"class":57},[39,75721,61],{"class":53},[39,75723,7510],{"class":57},[39,75725,61],{"class":53},[39,75727,50561],{"class":57},[39,75729,61],{"class":53},[39,75731,4791],{"class":57},[39,75733,3340],{"class":53},[160,75735,75737],{"id":75736},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75739,75740],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[176,75742,75743,75752,75761,75772,75778],{},[179,75744,75745,75748,75749,5679],{},[15,75746,75747],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75750,75751],{},"n",[179,75753,75754,75757,75758,75760],{},[15,75755,75756],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75759,75751],{}," to the end",[179,75762,75763,75766,75767,75769,75770],{},[15,75764,75765],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75768,195],{}," up to ",[15,75771,127],{},[179,75773,75774,75777],{},[15,75775,75776],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[179,75779,75780,75783],{},[15,75781,75782],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75785,267],{},[30,75787,75789],{"className":32,"code":75788,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75790,75791,75824,75828,75845,75862,75883,75900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75792,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75822],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75794,1379],{"class":45},[39,75796,50],{"class":49},[39,75798,3327],{"class":53},[39,75800,2037],{"class":57},[39,75802,61],{"class":53},[39,75804,7505],{"class":57},[39,75806,61],{"class":53},[39,75808,7510],{"class":57},[39,75810,61],{"class":53},[39,75812,50561],{"class":57},[39,75814,61],{"class":53},[39,75816,4791],{"class":57},[39,75818,61],{"class":53},[39,75820,75821],{"class":57}," 60",[39,75823,3340],{"class":53},[39,75825,75826],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75827,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,75829,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75831,137],{"class":136},[39,75833,124],{"class":53},[39,75835,1457],{"class":120},[39,75837,75256],{"class":53},[39,75839,307],{"class":57},[39,75841,20153],{"class":53},[39,75843,75844],{"class":150},"    # first 3 items\n",[39,75846,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75848,137],{"class":136},[39,75850,124],{"class":53},[39,75852,1457],{"class":120},[39,75854,3609],{"class":53},[39,75856,307],{"class":57},[39,75858,75634],{"class":53},[39,75860,75861],{"class":150},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[39,75863,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,75865,137],{"class":136},[39,75867,124],{"class":53},[39,75869,1457],{"class":120},[39,75871,3609],{"class":53},[39,75873,58],{"class":57},[39,75875,1250],{"class":53},[39,75877,1843],{"class":57},[39,75879,20153],{"class":53},[39,75881,75882],{"class":150},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[39,75884,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,75886,137],{"class":136},[39,75888,124],{"class":53},[39,75890,1457],{"class":120},[39,75892,73843],{"class":53},[39,75894,85],{"class":57},[39,75896,20153],{"class":53},[39,75898,75899],{"class":150},"   # every second item\n",[39,75901,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,75903,137],{"class":136},[39,75905,124],{"class":53},[39,75907,1457],{"class":120},[39,75909,73843],{"class":53},[39,75911,1730],{"class":49},[39,75913,58],{"class":57},[39,75915,20153],{"class":53},[39,75917,75918],{"class":150},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75920,353],{},[30,75922,75924],{"className":32,"code":75923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75925,75926,75942,75958,75978,75994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75927,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75929,3609],{"class":53},[39,75931,2037],{"class":57},[39,75933,61],{"class":53},[39,75935,7505],{"class":57},[39,75937,61],{"class":53},[39,75939,7510],{"class":57},[39,75941,3340],{"class":53},[39,75943,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,75945,3609],{"class":53},[39,75947,56412],{"class":57},[39,75949,61],{"class":53},[39,75951,4791],{"class":57},[39,75953,61],{"class":53},[39,75955,75821],{"class":57},[39,75957,3340],{"class":53},[39,75959,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,75961,3609],{"class":53},[39,75963,15463],{"class":57},[39,75965,61],{"class":53},[39,75967,7510],{"class":57},[39,75969,61],{"class":53},[39,75971,50561],{"class":57},[39,75973,61],{"class":53},[39,75975,4791],{"class":57},[39,75977,3340],{"class":53},[39,75979,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,75981,3609],{"class":53},[39,75983,2037],{"class":57},[39,75985,61],{"class":53},[39,75987,7510],{"class":57},[39,75989,61],{"class":53},[39,75991,4791],{"class":57},[39,75993,3340],{"class":53},[39,75995,75996,75998,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,75997,3609],{"class":53},[39,75999,76000],{"class":57},"60",[39,76002,61],{"class":53},[39,76004,4791],{"class":57},[39,76006,61],{"class":53},[39,76008,50561],{"class":57},[39,76010,61],{"class":53},[39,76012,7510],{"class":57},[39,76014,61],{"class":53},[39,76016,7505],{"class":57},[39,76018,61],{"class":53},[39,76020,5718],{"class":57},[39,76022,3340],{"class":53},[20,76024,76025,76026,117],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[195,76027,14597],{"href":56938},[160,76029,76031],{"id":76030},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76033,76034],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76036,5184],{},[176,76038,76039,76045],{},[179,76040,76041,76044],{},[15,76042,76043],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[179,76046,76047,76050],{},[15,76048,76049],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76052,76053],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[30,76055,76057],{"className":32,"code":76056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76058,76059,76107,76111,76130,76149],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76060,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76062,35803],{"class":45},[39,76064,50],{"class":49},[39,76066,3327],{"class":53},[39,76068,562],{"class":517},[39,76070,195],{"class":521},[39,76072,562],{"class":517},[39,76074,61],{"class":53},[39,76076,572],{"class":517},[39,76078,127],{"class":521},[39,76080,562],{"class":517},[39,76082,61],{"class":53},[39,76084,572],{"class":517},[39,76086,9454],{"class":521},[39,76088,562],{"class":517},[39,76090,61],{"class":53},[39,76092,572],{"class":517},[39,76094,18474],{"class":521},[39,76096,562],{"class":517},[39,76098,61],{"class":53},[39,76100,572],{"class":517},[39,76102,60167],{"class":521},[39,76104,562],{"class":517},[39,76106,3340],{"class":53},[39,76108,76109],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76110,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76114,137],{"class":136},[39,76116,124],{"class":53},[39,76118,35856],{"class":120},[39,76120,3609],{"class":53},[39,76122,1730],{"class":49},[39,76124,58],{"class":57},[39,76126,20153],{"class":53},[39,76128,76129],{"class":150},"    # last item\n",[39,76131,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,76133,137],{"class":136},[39,76135,124],{"class":53},[39,76137,35856],{"class":120},[39,76139,3609],{"class":53},[39,76141,1730],{"class":49},[39,76143,307],{"class":57},[39,76145,75634],{"class":53},[39,76147,76148],{"class":150},"   # last 3 items\n",[39,76150,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,76152,137],{"class":136},[39,76154,124],{"class":53},[39,76156,35856],{"class":120},[39,76158,75256],{"class":53},[39,76160,1730],{"class":49},[39,76162,58],{"class":57},[39,76164,20153],{"class":53},[39,76166,76167],{"class":150},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76169,353],{},[30,76171,76173],{"className":32,"code":76172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76174,76175,76180,76208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76176,76177],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76178,76179],{"class":45},"e\n",[39,76181,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76183,3609],{"class":53},[39,76185,524],{"class":517},[39,76187,9454],{"class":521},[39,76189,524],{"class":517},[39,76191,61],{"class":53},[39,76193,518],{"class":517},[39,76195,18474],{"class":521},[39,76197,524],{"class":517},[39,76199,61],{"class":53},[39,76201,518],{"class":517},[39,76203,60167],{"class":521},[39,76205,524],{"class":517},[39,76207,3340],{"class":53},[39,76209,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76211,3609],{"class":53},[39,76213,524],{"class":517},[39,76215,195],{"class":521},[39,76217,524],{"class":517},[39,76219,61],{"class":53},[39,76221,518],{"class":517},[39,76223,127],{"class":521},[39,76225,524],{"class":517},[39,76227,61],{"class":53},[39,76229,518],{"class":517},[39,76231,9454],{"class":521},[39,76233,524],{"class":517},[39,76235,61],{"class":53},[39,76237,518],{"class":517},[39,76239,18474],{"class":521},[39,76241,524],{"class":517},[39,76243,3340],{"class":53},[20,76245,174],{},[176,76247,76248,76251,76255,76261,76267],{},[179,76249,76250],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[179,76252,76253,76044],{},[15,76254,76043],{},[179,76256,76257,76260],{},[15,76258,76259],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[179,76262,76263,76266],{},[15,76264,76265],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[179,76268,76269,76270,4104,76272],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76271,35785],{},[15,76273,75147],{},[160,76275,76277],{"id":76276},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76279,22,76280,76282],{},[15,76281,75150],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[176,76284,76285,76288,76291,76296,76306],{},[179,76286,76287],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[179,76289,76290],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[179,76292,76293,76295],{},[15,76294,75782],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[179,76297,8592,76298,76300,76301,76303,76304],{},[15,76299,75150],{}," is negative, ",[15,76302,35785],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76305,75147],{},[179,76307,76308,76310,76311],{},[15,76309,75150],{}," cannot be ",[15,76312,1826],{},[20,76314,76315],{},"Example with different step values:",[30,76317,76319],{"className":32,"code":76318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76320,76321,76353,76357,76374,76396,76415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76322,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76324,1379],{"class":45},[39,76326,50],{"class":49},[39,76328,3327],{"class":53},[39,76330,2037],{"class":57},[39,76332,61],{"class":53},[39,76334,7505],{"class":57},[39,76336,61],{"class":53},[39,76338,7510],{"class":57},[39,76340,61],{"class":53},[39,76342,50561],{"class":57},[39,76344,61],{"class":53},[39,76346,4791],{"class":57},[39,76348,61],{"class":53},[39,76350,75821],{"class":57},[39,76352,3340],{"class":53},[39,76354,76355],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76356,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76358,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76360,137],{"class":136},[39,76362,124],{"class":53},[39,76364,1457],{"class":120},[39,76366,73843],{"class":53},[39,76368,85],{"class":57},[39,76370,20153],{"class":53},[39,76372,76373],{"class":150},"     # every second item\n",[39,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76389,76391,76393],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,76377,137],{"class":136},[39,76379,124],{"class":53},[39,76381,1457],{"class":120},[39,76383,3609],{"class":53},[39,76385,58],{"class":57},[39,76387,76388],{"class":53},"::",[39,76390,85],{"class":57},[39,76392,20153],{"class":53},[39,76394,76395],{"class":150},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[39,76397,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,76399,137],{"class":136},[39,76401,124],{"class":53},[39,76403,1457],{"class":120},[39,76405,73843],{"class":53},[39,76407,1730],{"class":49},[39,76409,58],{"class":57},[39,76411,20153],{"class":53},[39,76413,76414],{"class":150},"    # reverse the list\n",[39,76416,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,76418,137],{"class":136},[39,76420,124],{"class":53},[39,76422,1457],{"class":120},[39,76424,3609],{"class":53},[39,76426,2212],{"class":57},[39,76428,1250],{"class":53},[39,76430,58],{"class":57},[39,76432,1250],{"class":53},[39,76434,1730],{"class":49},[39,76436,58],{"class":57},[39,76438,20153],{"class":53},[39,76440,76441],{"class":150},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76443,353],{},[30,76445,76447],{"className":32,"code":76446,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76448,76449,76465,76481,76509],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76450,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76452,3609],{"class":53},[39,76454,2037],{"class":57},[39,76456,61],{"class":53},[39,76458,7510],{"class":57},[39,76460,61],{"class":53},[39,76462,4791],{"class":57},[39,76464,3340],{"class":53},[39,76466,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76468,3609],{"class":53},[39,76470,15463],{"class":57},[39,76472,61],{"class":53},[39,76474,50561],{"class":57},[39,76476,61],{"class":53},[39,76478,75821],{"class":57},[39,76480,3340],{"class":53},[39,76482,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76484,3609],{"class":53},[39,76486,76000],{"class":57},[39,76488,61],{"class":53},[39,76490,4791],{"class":57},[39,76492,61],{"class":53},[39,76494,50561],{"class":57},[39,76496,61],{"class":53},[39,76498,7510],{"class":57},[39,76500,61],{"class":53},[39,76502,7505],{"class":57},[39,76504,61],{"class":53},[39,76506,5718],{"class":57},[39,76508,3340],{"class":53},[39,76510,76511,76513,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,76512,3609],{"class":53},[39,76514,76515],{"class":57},"50",[39,76517,61],{"class":53},[39,76519,50561],{"class":57},[39,76521,61],{"class":53},[39,76523,7510],{"class":57},[39,76525,3340],{"class":53},[20,76527,76528,76529,117],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[195,76530,76531],{"href":74527},"how to reverse a list in Python",[988,76533,76535],{"id":76534},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76537,2544],{},[30,76539,76541],{"className":32,"code":76540,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76542,76543,76563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76544,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76546,1379],{"class":45},[39,76548,50],{"class":49},[39,76550,3327],{"class":53},[39,76552,58],{"class":57},[39,76554,61],{"class":53},[39,76556,64],{"class":57},[39,76558,61],{"class":53},[39,76560,69],{"class":57},[39,76562,3340],{"class":53},[39,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76566,137],{"class":136},[39,76568,124],{"class":53},[39,76570,1457],{"class":120},[39,76572,73843],{"class":53},[39,76574,1826],{"class":57},[39,76576,3597],{"class":53},[20,76578,76579,76580,76582,76583,76585],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76581,40418],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76584,1826],{}," does not make sense.",[160,76587,76589],{"id":76588},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76591,76592],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[988,76594,76596],{"id":76595},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[30,76598,76600],{"className":32,"code":76599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76601,76602,76626,76630],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76605,1379],{"class":45},[39,76607,50],{"class":49},[39,76609,3327],{"class":53},[39,76611,2037],{"class":57},[39,76613,61],{"class":53},[39,76615,7505],{"class":57},[39,76617,61],{"class":53},[39,76619,7510],{"class":57},[39,76621,61],{"class":53},[39,76623,50561],{"class":57},[39,76625,3340],{"class":53},[39,76627,76628],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76629,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76631,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76633,137],{"class":136},[39,76635,124],{"class":53},[39,76637,1457],{"class":120},[39,76639,3609],{"class":53},[39,76641,85],{"class":57},[39,76643,3597],{"class":53},[20,76645,353],{},[30,76647,76648],{"className":32,"code":69561,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,76649,76650],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76651,76652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76653,69561],{"class":57},[988,76655,76657],{"id":76656},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[30,76659,76661],{"className":32,"code":76660,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76662,76663,76687,76691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76664,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76666,1379],{"class":45},[39,76668,50],{"class":49},[39,76670,3327],{"class":53},[39,76672,2037],{"class":57},[39,76674,61],{"class":53},[39,76676,7505],{"class":57},[39,76678,61],{"class":53},[39,76680,7510],{"class":57},[39,76682,61],{"class":53},[39,76684,50561],{"class":57},[39,76686,3340],{"class":53},[39,76688,76689],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76690,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76692,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76694,137],{"class":136},[39,76696,124],{"class":53},[39,76698,1457],{"class":120},[39,76700,3609],{"class":53},[39,76702,85],{"class":57},[39,76704,1250],{"class":53},[39,76706,307],{"class":57},[39,76708,3597],{"class":53},[20,76710,353],{},[30,76712,76714],{"className":32,"code":76713,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[30]\n",[15,76715,76716],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76717,76718,76720,76722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76719,3609],{"class":53},[39,76721,36555],{"class":57},[39,76723,3340],{"class":53},[20,76725,13472],{},[176,76727,76728,76734],{},[179,76729,76730,76733],{},[15,76731,76732],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[179,76735,76736,76739],{},[15,76737,76738],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76741,76742],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[176,76744,76745,76748],{},[179,76746,76747],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[179,76749,76750],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76752,267],{},[30,76754,76756],{"className":32,"code":76755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76757,76758,76778,76782],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76759,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76761,1379],{"class":45},[39,76763,50],{"class":49},[39,76765,3327],{"class":53},[39,76767,2037],{"class":57},[39,76769,61],{"class":53},[39,76771,7505],{"class":57},[39,76773,61],{"class":53},[39,76775,7510],{"class":57},[39,76777,3340],{"class":53},[39,76779,76780],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76781,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76783,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76785,137],{"class":136},[39,76787,124],{"class":53},[39,76789,1457],{"class":120},[39,76791,3609],{"class":53},[39,76793,1843],{"class":57},[39,76795,1250],{"class":53},[39,76797,2037],{"class":57},[39,76799,3597],{"class":53},[20,76801,353],{},[30,76803,76804],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,76805,76806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76807,76808],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76809,38010],{"class":53},[20,76811,76812],{},"But this would raise an error:",[30,76814,76816],{"className":32,"code":76815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76817,76818,76838,76842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76819,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76821,1379],{"class":45},[39,76823,50],{"class":49},[39,76825,3327],{"class":53},[39,76827,2037],{"class":57},[39,76829,61],{"class":53},[39,76831,7505],{"class":57},[39,76833,61],{"class":53},[39,76835,7510],{"class":57},[39,76837,3340],{"class":53},[39,76839,76840],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76841,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,76843,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,76845,137],{"class":136},[39,76847,124],{"class":53},[39,76849,1457],{"class":120},[39,76851,3609],{"class":53},[39,76853,1843],{"class":57},[39,76855,3597],{"class":53},[20,76857,76858,76859,117],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[195,76860,68980],{"href":68979},[160,76862,14886],{"id":76863},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76865,76866],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[176,76868,76869,76873,76875,76878,76884],{},[179,76870,4414,76871,75462],{},[15,76872,75147],{},[179,76874,60412],{},[179,76876,76877],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[179,76879,1282,76880,1285,76882],{},[15,76881,75782],{},[15,76883,73247],{},[179,76885,76886,76887,76889],{},"Using step ",[15,76888,1826],{},", which causes an error",[988,76891,76893],{"id":76892},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[30,76895,76897],{"className":32,"code":76896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76898,76899,76927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76900,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76902,1379],{"class":45},[39,76904,50],{"class":49},[39,76906,3327],{"class":53},[39,76908,2037],{"class":57},[39,76910,61],{"class":53},[39,76912,7505],{"class":57},[39,76914,61],{"class":53},[39,76916,7510],{"class":57},[39,76918,61],{"class":53},[39,76920,50561],{"class":57},[39,76922,61],{"class":53},[39,76924,4791],{"class":57},[39,76926,3340],{"class":53},[39,76928,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,76930,137],{"class":136},[39,76932,124],{"class":53},[39,76934,1457],{"class":120},[39,76936,3609],{"class":53},[39,76938,58],{"class":57},[39,76940,1250],{"class":53},[39,76942,2212],{"class":57},[39,76944,3597],{"class":53},[20,76946,76947],{},"This returns:",[30,76949,76951],{"className":32,"code":76950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76952,76953],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76954,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76956,3609],{"class":53},[39,76958,15463],{"class":57},[39,76960,61],{"class":53},[39,76962,7510],{"class":57},[39,76964,61],{"class":53},[39,76966,50561],{"class":57},[39,76968,3340],{"class":53},[20,76970,40620,76971,76973,76974,76976,76977,117],{},[382,76972,4340],{}," include ",[15,76975,76515],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76978,2212],{},[988,76980,76982],{"id":76981},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76984,16353],{},[30,76986,76988],{"className":32,"code":76987,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76989,76990,77010],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76991,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76993,1379],{"class":45},[39,76995,50],{"class":49},[39,76997,3327],{"class":53},[39,76999,2037],{"class":57},[39,77001,61],{"class":53},[39,77003,7505],{"class":57},[39,77005,61],{"class":53},[39,77007,7510],{"class":57},[39,77009,3340],{"class":53},[39,77011,77012],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77013,77014],{"class":150},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77016,77017],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[30,77019,77021],{"className":32,"code":77020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77022,77023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77024,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77026,137],{"class":136},[39,77028,124],{"class":53},[39,77030,1457],{"class":120},[39,77032,3609],{"class":53},[39,77034,58],{"class":57},[39,77036,1250],{"class":53},[39,77038,307],{"class":57},[39,77040,3597],{"class":53},[988,77042,77044],{"id":77043},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77046,77047],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[30,77049,77051],{"className":32,"code":77050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77052,77053,77077,77091,77095,77105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77054,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77056,1379],{"class":45},[39,77058,50],{"class":49},[39,77060,3327],{"class":53},[39,77062,2037],{"class":57},[39,77064,61],{"class":53},[39,77066,7505],{"class":57},[39,77068,61],{"class":53},[39,77070,7510],{"class":57},[39,77072,61],{"class":53},[39,77074,50561],{"class":57},[39,77076,3340],{"class":53},[39,77078,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77080,75380],{"class":45},[39,77082,50],{"class":49},[39,77084,1433],{"class":45},[39,77086,75256],{"class":53},[39,77088,85],{"class":57},[39,77090,3340],{"class":53},[39,77092,77093],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77094,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,77096,77097,77099,77101,77103],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77098,137],{"class":136},[39,77100,124],{"class":53},[39,77102,75403],{"class":120},[39,77104,130],{"class":53},[39,77106,77107,77109,77111,77113],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,77108,137],{"class":136},[39,77110,124],{"class":53},[39,77112,1457],{"class":120},[39,77114,130],{"class":53},[20,77116,353],{},[30,77118,77120],{"className":32,"code":77119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77121,77122,77134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77123,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77125,3609],{"class":53},[39,77127,2037],{"class":57},[39,77129,61],{"class":53},[39,77131,7505],{"class":57},[39,77133,3340],{"class":53},[39,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77137,3609],{"class":53},[39,77139,2037],{"class":57},[39,77141,61],{"class":53},[39,77143,7505],{"class":57},[39,77145,61],{"class":53},[39,77147,7510],{"class":57},[39,77149,61],{"class":53},[39,77151,50561],{"class":57},[39,77153,3340],{"class":53},[20,77155,77156],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[988,77158,77160,77161,1285,77163],{"id":77159},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77162,75782],{},[15,77164,73247],{},[30,77166,77168],{"className":32,"code":77167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77169,77170,77190,77194,77211,77222],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77171,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77173,1379],{"class":45},[39,77175,50],{"class":49},[39,77177,3327],{"class":53},[39,77179,2037],{"class":57},[39,77181,61],{"class":53},[39,77183,7505],{"class":57},[39,77185,61],{"class":53},[39,77187,7510],{"class":57},[39,77189,3340],{"class":53},[39,77191,77192],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77193,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,77195,77196,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77197,77198],{"class":45},"reversed_copy ",[39,77200,50],{"class":49},[39,77202,1433],{"class":45},[39,77204,73843],{"class":53},[39,77206,1730],{"class":49},[39,77208,58],{"class":57},[39,77210,3340],{"class":53},[39,77212,77213,77215,77217,77220],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77214,137],{"class":136},[39,77216,124],{"class":53},[39,77218,77219],{"class":120},"reversed_copy",[39,77221,130],{"class":53},[39,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,77225,137],{"class":136},[39,77227,124],{"class":53},[39,77229,1457],{"class":120},[39,77231,130],{"class":53},[20,77233,353],{},[30,77235,77237],{"className":32,"code":77236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77238,77239,77255],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77240,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77242,3609],{"class":53},[39,77244,36555],{"class":57},[39,77246,61],{"class":53},[39,77248,7505],{"class":57},[39,77250,61],{"class":53},[39,77252,5718],{"class":57},[39,77254,3340],{"class":53},[39,77256,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77258,3609],{"class":53},[39,77260,2037],{"class":57},[39,77262,61],{"class":53},[39,77264,7505],{"class":57},[39,77266,61],{"class":53},[39,77268,7510],{"class":57},[39,77270,3340],{"class":53},[20,77272,77273,77276],{},[15,77274,77275],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77278,77279,77280,77283],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77281,77282],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[988,77285,77287],{"id":77286},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77289,77290],{},"This is not allowed:",[30,77292,77294],{"className":32,"code":77293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77295,77296,77316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77297,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77299,1379],{"class":45},[39,77301,50],{"class":49},[39,77303,3327],{"class":53},[39,77305,2037],{"class":57},[39,77307,61],{"class":53},[39,77309,7505],{"class":57},[39,77311,61],{"class":53},[39,77313,7510],{"class":57},[39,77315,3340],{"class":53},[39,77317,77318],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77319,77320],{"class":150},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77322,77323,77324,117],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77325,40418],{},[160,77327,77329],{"id":77328},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77331,77332],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[176,77334,77335,77342,77348,77351,77354],{},[179,77336,1282,77337,4104,77339,77341],{},[15,77338,35785],{},[15,77340,75147],{}," positions",[179,77343,77344,77345,77347],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77346,75147],{}," index is included",[179,77349,77350],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[179,77352,77353],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[179,77355,77356],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77358,77359],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[30,77361,77363],{"className":32,"code":77362,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77364,77365,77375,77389,77407,77421,77438],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77366,77367,77369,77371,77373],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77368,137],{"class":136},[39,77370,124],{"class":53},[39,77372,8056],{"class":120},[39,77374,130],{"class":53},[39,77376,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77378,137],{"class":136},[39,77380,124],{"class":53},[39,77382,1361],{"class":136},[39,77384,124],{"class":53},[39,77386,8056],{"class":120},[39,77388,486],{"class":53},[39,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77392,137],{"class":136},[39,77394,124],{"class":53},[39,77396,8056],{"class":120},[39,77398,3609],{"class":53},[39,77400,58],{"class":57},[39,77402,1250],{"class":53},[39,77404,2212],{"class":57},[39,77406,3597],{"class":53},[39,77408,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77410,137],{"class":136},[39,77412,124],{"class":53},[39,77414,8056],{"class":120},[39,77416,75256],{"class":53},[39,77418,307],{"class":57},[39,77420,3597],{"class":53},[39,77422,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,77424,137],{"class":136},[39,77426,124],{"class":53},[39,77428,8056],{"class":120},[39,77430,3609],{"class":53},[39,77432,1730],{"class":49},[39,77434,307],{"class":57},[39,77436,77437],{"class":53},":])\n",[39,77439,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,77441,137],{"class":136},[39,77443,124],{"class":53},[39,77445,8056],{"class":120},[39,77447,73843],{"class":53},[39,77449,1730],{"class":49},[39,77451,58],{"class":57},[39,77453,3597],{"class":53},[20,77455,718,77456,77458,77459,77463],{},[15,77457,42076],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[195,77460,77462],{"href":77461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[160,77465,1563],{"id":1562},[988,77467,77469],{"id":77468},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77471,77472],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[988,77474,77476],{"id":77475},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77478,77479],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[988,77481,4853,77483,39674],{"id":77482},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77484,75782],{},[20,77486,77487],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[988,77489,77491,77492,2199],{"id":77490},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77493,70452],{},[20,77495,77496],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[160,77498,1613],{"id":1612},[176,77500,77501,77506,77511,77515,77519,77523],{},[179,77502,77503],{},[195,77504,77505],{"href":50697},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[179,77507,77508],{},[195,77509,77510],{"href":56872},"How to create a list in Python",[179,77512,77513],{},[195,77514,14674],{"href":56938},[179,77516,77517],{},[195,77518,74528],{"href":74527},[179,77520,77521],{},[195,77522,77462],{"href":77461},[179,77524,77525],{},[195,77526,68980],{"href":68979},[20,77528,77529,77530,77532],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77531,42076],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1642,77534,77535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":77537},[77538,77539,77540,77541,77542,77543,77546,77550,77558,77559,77567],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":75311,"depth":75,"text":75312},{"id":75474,"depth":75,"text":75475},{"id":75736,"depth":75,"text":75737},{"id":76030,"depth":75,"text":76031},{"id":76276,"depth":75,"text":76277,"children":77544},[77545],{"id":76534,"depth":99,"text":76535},{"id":76588,"depth":75,"text":76589,"children":77547},[77548,77549],{"id":76595,"depth":99,"text":76596},{"id":76656,"depth":99,"text":76657},{"id":76863,"depth":75,"text":14886,"children":77551},[77552,77553,77554,77555,77557],{"id":76892,"depth":99,"text":76893},{"id":76981,"depth":99,"text":76982},{"id":77043,"depth":99,"text":77044},{"id":77159,"depth":99,"text":77556},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77286,"depth":99,"text":77287},{"id":77328,"depth":75,"text":77329},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":77560},[77561,77562,77563,77565],{"id":77468,"depth":99,"text":77469},{"id":77475,"depth":99,"text":77476},{"id":77482,"depth":99,"text":77564},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77490,"depth":99,"text":77566},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75134,"description":77568},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77575,"title":77576,"body":77577,"description":79646,"extension":1670,"meta":79647,"navigation":102,"path":79648,"seo":79649,"stem":79650,"__hash__":79651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77578,"toc":79612},[77579,77584,77590,77596,77598,77645,77652,77657,77661,77676,77679,77732,77734,77759,77764,77766,77798,77801,77817,77819,77880,77882,77907,77911,77916,77969,77971,77996,78001,78062,78064,78089,78092,78099,78103,78106,78167,78169,78202,78205,78266,78268,78301,78307,78380,78382,78414,78421,78426,78431,78433,78445,78448,78526,78528,78569,78572,78646,78648,78681,78686,78693,78700,78704,78713,78717,78725,78727,78794,78796,78832,78837,78848,78850,78855,78860,78862,78925,78927,78952,78959,78964,78968,78971,79011,79016,79022,79027,79029,79056,79061,79064,79111,79113,79170,79177,79182,79188,79257,79261,79264,79327,79329,79362,79367,79369,79372,79453,79455,79479,79485,79487,79492,79496,79503,79511,79515,79517,79540,79544,79546,79573,79576,79583,79586,79588,79609],[10,77580,54061,77582,18],{"id":77581},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77583,64032],{},[20,77585,77586,77589],{},[15,77587,77588],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77591,77592,77593,77595],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77594,64032],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[160,77597,1711],{"id":1710},[30,77599,77601],{"className":32,"code":77600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77602,77603,77623,77633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77604,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77606,1379],{"class":45},[39,77608,50],{"class":49},[39,77610,3327],{"class":53},[39,77612,307],{"class":57},[39,77614,61],{"class":53},[39,77616,5210],{"class":57},[39,77618,61],{"class":53},[39,77620,64],{"class":57},[39,77622,3340],{"class":53},[39,77624,77625,77627,77629,77631],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77626,1457],{"class":45},[39,77628,117],{"class":53},[39,77630,34510],{"class":120},[39,77632,1609],{"class":53},[39,77634,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77636,137],{"class":136},[39,77638,124],{"class":53},[39,77640,1457],{"class":120},[39,77642,3366],{"class":53},[39,77644,54651],{"class":150},[20,77646,154,77647,77649,77650,117],{},[15,77648,77588],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77651,3484],{},[160,77653,3383,77655,3386],{"id":77654},"what-listsort-does",[15,77656,77588],{},[20,77658,77659,1250],{},[15,77660,77588],{},[176,77662,77663,77666,77669,77673],{},[179,77664,77665],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[179,77667,77668],{},"Changes the original list",[179,77670,11137,77671],{},[15,77672,3484],{},[179,77674,77675],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77677,77678],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[30,77680,77682],{"className":32,"code":77681,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77683,77684,77708,77718,77722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77685,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77687,1379],{"class":45},[39,77689,50],{"class":49},[39,77691,3327],{"class":53},[39,77693,1843],{"class":57},[39,77695,61],{"class":53},[39,77697,64],{"class":57},[39,77699,61],{"class":53},[39,77701,53855],{"class":57},[39,77703,61],{"class":53},[39,77705,5210],{"class":57},[39,77707,3340],{"class":53},[39,77709,77710,77712,77714,77716],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77711,1457],{"class":45},[39,77713,117],{"class":53},[39,77715,34510],{"class":120},[39,77717,1609],{"class":53},[39,77719,77720],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77721,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,77723,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77725,137],{"class":136},[39,77727,124],{"class":53},[39,77729,1457],{"class":120},[39,77731,130],{"class":53},[20,77733,353],{},[30,77735,77737],{"className":32,"code":77736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77738,77739],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77740,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77742,3609],{"class":53},[39,77744,58],{"class":57},[39,77746,61],{"class":53},[39,77748,64],{"class":57},[39,77750,61],{"class":53},[39,77752,316],{"class":57},[39,77754,61],{"class":53},[39,77756,53855],{"class":57},[39,77758,3340],{"class":53},[20,77760,77761,77762,117],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[195,77763,66798],{"href":50697},[160,77765,202],{"id":201},[30,77767,77769],{"className":32,"code":77768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77770,77771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77772,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77792,77794,77796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77774,8056],{"class":45},[39,77776,117],{"class":53},[39,77778,34510],{"class":120},[39,77780,124],{"class":53},[39,77782,14550],{"class":8893},[39,77784,50],{"class":49},[39,77786,3484],{"class":3559},[39,77788,61],{"class":53},[39,77790,77791],{"class":8893}," reverse",[39,77793,50],{"class":49},[39,77795,3379],{"class":3559},[39,77797,130],{"class":53},[20,77799,77800],{},"Main arguments:",[176,77802,77803,77808,77814],{},[179,77804,77805,77807],{},[15,77806,14550],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[179,77809,77810,77813],{},[15,77811,77812],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[179,77815,77816],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77818,267],{},[30,77820,77822],{"className":32,"code":77821,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77823,77824,77848,77866,77870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77825,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77827,1379],{"class":45},[39,77829,50],{"class":49},[39,77831,3327],{"class":53},[39,77833,2212],{"class":57},[39,77835,61],{"class":53},[39,77837,5210],{"class":57},[39,77839,61],{"class":53},[39,77841,5707],{"class":57},[39,77843,61],{"class":53},[39,77845,64],{"class":57},[39,77847,3340],{"class":53},[39,77849,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77851,1457],{"class":45},[39,77853,117],{"class":53},[39,77855,34510],{"class":120},[39,77857,124],{"class":53},[39,77859,73298],{"class":8893},[39,77861,50],{"class":49},[39,77863,3308],{"class":3559},[39,77865,130],{"class":53},[39,77867,77868],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77869,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,77871,77872,77874,77876,77878],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77873,137],{"class":136},[39,77875,124],{"class":53},[39,77877,1457],{"class":120},[39,77879,130],{"class":53},[20,77881,353],{},[30,77883,77885],{"className":32,"code":77884,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77886,77887],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77888,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77890,3609],{"class":53},[39,77892,1733],{"class":57},[39,77894,61],{"class":53},[39,77896,94],{"class":57},[39,77898,61],{"class":53},[39,77900,64],{"class":57},[39,77902,61],{"class":53},[39,77904,5210],{"class":57},[39,77906,3340],{"class":53},[160,77908,77910],{"id":77909},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77912,154,77913,77915],{},[15,77914,64032],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[30,77917,77919],{"className":32,"code":77918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77920,77921,77945,77955,77959],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77922,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77924,1379],{"class":45},[39,77926,50],{"class":49},[39,77928,3327],{"class":53},[39,77930,2037],{"class":57},[39,77932,61],{"class":53},[39,77934,69],{"class":57},[39,77936,61],{"class":53},[39,77938,6073],{"class":57},[39,77940,61],{"class":53},[39,77942,5210],{"class":57},[39,77944,3340],{"class":53},[39,77946,77947,77949,77951,77953],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,77948,1457],{"class":45},[39,77950,117],{"class":53},[39,77952,34510],{"class":120},[39,77954,1609],{"class":53},[39,77956,77957],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,77958,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,77960,77961,77963,77965,77967],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,77962,137],{"class":136},[39,77964,124],{"class":53},[39,77966,1457],{"class":120},[39,77968,130],{"class":53},[20,77970,353],{},[30,77972,77974],{"className":32,"code":77973,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77975,77976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77977,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77979,3609],{"class":53},[39,77981,58],{"class":57},[39,77983,61],{"class":53},[39,77985,69],{"class":57},[39,77987,61],{"class":53},[39,77989,6073],{"class":57},[39,77991,61],{"class":53},[39,77993,5718],{"class":57},[39,77995,3340],{"class":53},[20,77997,154,77998,78000],{},[15,77999,77812],{}," for descending order:",[30,78002,78004],{"className":32,"code":78003,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78005,78006,78030,78048,78052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78009,1379],{"class":45},[39,78011,50],{"class":49},[39,78013,3327],{"class":53},[39,78015,2037],{"class":57},[39,78017,61],{"class":53},[39,78019,69],{"class":57},[39,78021,61],{"class":53},[39,78023,6073],{"class":57},[39,78025,61],{"class":53},[39,78027,5210],{"class":57},[39,78029,3340],{"class":53},[39,78031,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78033,1457],{"class":45},[39,78035,117],{"class":53},[39,78037,34510],{"class":120},[39,78039,124],{"class":53},[39,78041,73298],{"class":8893},[39,78043,50],{"class":49},[39,78045,3308],{"class":3559},[39,78047,130],{"class":53},[39,78049,78050],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78051,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78055,137],{"class":136},[39,78057,124],{"class":53},[39,78059,1457],{"class":120},[39,78061,130],{"class":53},[20,78063,353],{},[30,78065,78067],{"className":32,"code":78066,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78068,78069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78070,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78072,3609],{"class":53},[39,78074,2037],{"class":57},[39,78076,61],{"class":53},[39,78078,6073],{"class":57},[39,78080,61],{"class":53},[39,78082,69],{"class":57},[39,78084,61],{"class":53},[39,78086,5210],{"class":57},[39,78088,3340],{"class":53},[20,78090,78091],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78093,78094,78095,117],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[195,78096,78098],{"href":78097},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[160,78100,78102],{"id":78101},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78104,78105],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[30,78107,78109],{"className":32,"code":78108,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78110,78111,78143,78153,78157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78112,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78114,3780],{"class":45},[39,78116,50],{"class":49},[39,78118,3327],{"class":53},[39,78120,562],{"class":517},[39,78122,3798],{"class":521},[39,78124,562],{"class":517},[39,78126,61],{"class":53},[39,78128,572],{"class":517},[39,78130,3789],{"class":521},[39,78132,562],{"class":517},[39,78134,61],{"class":53},[39,78136,572],{"class":517},[39,78138,3807],{"class":521},[39,78140,562],{"class":517},[39,78142,3340],{"class":53},[39,78144,78145,78147,78149,78151],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78146,3824],{"class":45},[39,78148,117],{"class":53},[39,78150,34510],{"class":120},[39,78152,1609],{"class":53},[39,78154,78155],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78156,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78158,78159,78161,78163,78165],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78160,137],{"class":136},[39,78162,124],{"class":53},[39,78164,3824],{"class":120},[39,78166,130],{"class":53},[20,78168,353],{},[30,78170,78172],{"className":32,"code":78171,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78173,78174],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78175,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78177,3609],{"class":53},[39,78179,524],{"class":517},[39,78181,3789],{"class":521},[39,78183,524],{"class":517},[39,78185,61],{"class":53},[39,78187,518],{"class":517},[39,78189,3798],{"class":521},[39,78191,524],{"class":517},[39,78193,61],{"class":53},[39,78195,518],{"class":517},[39,78197,3807],{"class":521},[39,78199,524],{"class":517},[39,78201,3340],{"class":53},[20,78203,78204],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[30,78206,78208],{"className":32,"code":78207,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78209,78210,78242,78252,78256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78211,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78213,3780],{"class":45},[39,78215,50],{"class":49},[39,78217,3327],{"class":53},[39,78219,562],{"class":517},[39,78221,3798],{"class":521},[39,78223,562],{"class":517},[39,78225,61],{"class":53},[39,78227,572],{"class":517},[39,78229,57487],{"class":521},[39,78231,562],{"class":517},[39,78233,61],{"class":53},[39,78235,572],{"class":517},[39,78237,3807],{"class":521},[39,78239,562],{"class":517},[39,78241,3340],{"class":53},[39,78243,78244,78246,78248,78250],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78245,3824],{"class":45},[39,78247,117],{"class":53},[39,78249,34510],{"class":120},[39,78251,1609],{"class":53},[39,78253,78254],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78255,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78257,78258,78260,78262,78264],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78259,137],{"class":136},[39,78261,124],{"class":53},[39,78263,3824],{"class":120},[39,78265,130],{"class":53},[20,78267,353],{},[30,78269,78271],{"className":32,"code":78270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78272,78273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78274,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78276,3609],{"class":53},[39,78278,524],{"class":517},[39,78280,57487],{"class":521},[39,78282,524],{"class":517},[39,78284,61],{"class":53},[39,78286,518],{"class":517},[39,78288,3798],{"class":521},[39,78290,524],{"class":517},[39,78292,61],{"class":53},[39,78294,518],{"class":517},[39,78296,3807],{"class":521},[39,78298,524],{"class":517},[39,78300,3340],{"class":53},[20,78302,78303,78304,1250],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78305,78306],{},"key=str.lower",[30,78308,78310],{"className":32,"code":78309,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78311,78312,78344,78366,78370],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78313,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78315,3780],{"class":45},[39,78317,50],{"class":49},[39,78319,3327],{"class":53},[39,78321,562],{"class":517},[39,78323,3798],{"class":521},[39,78325,562],{"class":517},[39,78327,61],{"class":53},[39,78329,572],{"class":517},[39,78331,57487],{"class":521},[39,78333,562],{"class":517},[39,78335,61],{"class":53},[39,78337,572],{"class":517},[39,78339,3807],{"class":521},[39,78341,562],{"class":517},[39,78343,3340],{"class":53},[39,78345,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78347,3824],{"class":45},[39,78349,117],{"class":53},[39,78351,34510],{"class":120},[39,78353,124],{"class":53},[39,78355,14550],{"class":8893},[39,78357,50],{"class":49},[39,78359,3147],{"class":478},[39,78361,117],{"class":53},[39,78363,8358],{"class":24457},[39,78365,130],{"class":53},[39,78367,78368],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78369,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78371,78372,78374,78376,78378],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78373,137],{"class":136},[39,78375,124],{"class":53},[39,78377,3824],{"class":120},[39,78379,130],{"class":53},[20,78381,353],{},[30,78383,78384],{"className":32,"code":78270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,78385,78386],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78387,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78389,3609],{"class":53},[39,78391,524],{"class":517},[39,78393,57487],{"class":521},[39,78395,524],{"class":517},[39,78397,61],{"class":53},[39,78399,518],{"class":517},[39,78401,3798],{"class":521},[39,78403,524],{"class":517},[39,78405,61],{"class":53},[39,78407,518],{"class":517},[39,78409,3807],{"class":521},[39,78411,524],{"class":517},[39,78413,3340],{"class":53},[20,78415,78416,78417,78420],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78418,78419],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[160,78422,36326,78424,36329],{"id":78423},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78425,14550],{},[20,78427,22,78428,78430],{},[15,78429,14550],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78432,7056],{},[176,78434,78435,78440],{},[179,78436,78437,78439],{},[15,78438,1361],{}," to sort by length",[179,78441,78442,78444],{},[15,78443,78419],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78446,78447],{},"Sort words by length:",[30,78449,78451],{"className":32,"code":78450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78452,78453,78494,78512,78516],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78454,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78456,3780],{"class":45},[39,78458,50],{"class":49},[39,78460,3327],{"class":53},[39,78462,562],{"class":517},[39,78464,78465],{"class":521},"pear",[39,78467,562],{"class":517},[39,78469,61],{"class":53},[39,78471,572],{"class":517},[39,78473,3798],{"class":521},[39,78475,562],{"class":517},[39,78477,61],{"class":53},[39,78479,572],{"class":517},[39,78481,38071],{"class":521},[39,78483,562],{"class":517},[39,78485,61],{"class":53},[39,78487,572],{"class":517},[39,78489,3789],{"class":521},[39,78491,562],{"class":517},[39,78493,3340],{"class":53},[39,78495,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78497,3824],{"class":45},[39,78499,117],{"class":53},[39,78501,34510],{"class":120},[39,78503,124],{"class":53},[39,78505,14550],{"class":8893},[39,78507,50],{"class":49},[39,78509,1361],{"class":136},[39,78511,130],{"class":53},[39,78513,78514],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78515,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78517,78518,78520,78522,78524],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78519,137],{"class":136},[39,78521,124],{"class":53},[39,78523,3824],{"class":120},[39,78525,130],{"class":53},[20,78527,353],{},[30,78529,78531],{"className":32,"code":78530,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78532,78533],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78536,3609],{"class":53},[39,78538,524],{"class":517},[39,78540,38071],{"class":521},[39,78542,524],{"class":517},[39,78544,61],{"class":53},[39,78546,518],{"class":517},[39,78548,78465],{"class":521},[39,78550,524],{"class":517},[39,78552,61],{"class":53},[39,78554,518],{"class":517},[39,78556,3789],{"class":521},[39,78558,524],{"class":517},[39,78560,61],{"class":53},[39,78562,518],{"class":517},[39,78564,3798],{"class":521},[39,78566,524],{"class":517},[39,78568,3340],{"class":53},[20,78570,78571],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[30,78573,78575],{"className":32,"code":78574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78576,78577,78610,78632,78636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78578,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78606,78608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78580,3780],{"class":45},[39,78582,50],{"class":49},[39,78584,3327],{"class":53},[39,78586,562],{"class":517},[39,78588,4723],{"class":521},[39,78590,562],{"class":517},[39,78592,61],{"class":53},[39,78594,572],{"class":517},[39,78596,17510],{"class":521},[39,78598,562],{"class":517},[39,78600,61],{"class":53},[39,78602,572],{"class":517},[39,78604,78605],{"class":521},"Carol",[39,78607,562],{"class":517},[39,78609,3340],{"class":53},[39,78611,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78613,3824],{"class":45},[39,78615,117],{"class":53},[39,78617,34510],{"class":120},[39,78619,124],{"class":53},[39,78621,14550],{"class":8893},[39,78623,50],{"class":49},[39,78625,3147],{"class":478},[39,78627,117],{"class":53},[39,78629,8358],{"class":24457},[39,78631,130],{"class":53},[39,78633,78634],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78635,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78637,78638,78640,78642,78644],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78639,137],{"class":136},[39,78641,124],{"class":53},[39,78643,3824],{"class":120},[39,78645,130],{"class":53},[20,78647,353],{},[30,78649,78651],{"className":32,"code":78650,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78652,78653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78656,3609],{"class":53},[39,78658,524],{"class":517},[39,78660,17510],{"class":521},[39,78662,524],{"class":517},[39,78664,61],{"class":53},[39,78666,518],{"class":517},[39,78668,4723],{"class":521},[39,78670,524],{"class":517},[39,78672,61],{"class":53},[39,78674,518],{"class":517},[39,78676,78605],{"class":521},[39,78678,524],{"class":517},[39,78680,3340],{"class":53},[20,78682,22,78683,78685],{},[15,78684,14550],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[160,78687,78689,980,78691],{"id":78688},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78690,77588],{},[15,78692,74145],{},[20,78694,78695,4104,78697,78699],{},[15,78696,77588],{},[15,78698,74145],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78701,78702,1250],{},[15,78703,77588],{},[176,78705,78706,78709],{},[179,78707,78708],{},"Changes the existing list",[179,78710,11137,78711],{},[15,78712,3484],{},[20,78714,78715,1250],{},[15,78716,74145],{},[176,78718,78719,78722],{},[179,78720,78721],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[179,78723,78724],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78726,267],{},[30,78728,78730],{"className":32,"code":78729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78731,78732,78752,78756,78770,78774,78784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78733,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78735,1379],{"class":45},[39,78737,50],{"class":49},[39,78739,3327],{"class":53},[39,78741,307],{"class":57},[39,78743,61],{"class":53},[39,78745,5210],{"class":57},[39,78747,61],{"class":53},[39,78749,64],{"class":57},[39,78751,3340],{"class":53},[39,78753,78754],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78755,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78759,55609],{"class":45},[39,78761,50],{"class":49},[39,78763,74279],{"class":136},[39,78765,124],{"class":53},[39,78767,1457],{"class":120},[39,78769,130],{"class":53},[39,78771,78772],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78773,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78775,78776,78778,78780,78782],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,78777,137],{"class":136},[39,78779,124],{"class":53},[39,78781,1457],{"class":120},[39,78783,130],{"class":53},[39,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,78787,137],{"class":136},[39,78789,124],{"class":53},[39,78791,74002],{"class":120},[39,78793,130],{"class":53},[20,78795,353],{},[30,78797,78798],{"className":32,"code":74314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,78799,78800,78816],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78803,3609],{"class":53},[39,78805,307],{"class":57},[39,78807,61],{"class":53},[39,78809,5210],{"class":57},[39,78811,61],{"class":53},[39,78813,64],{"class":57},[39,78815,3340],{"class":53},[39,78817,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78819,3609],{"class":53},[39,78821,58],{"class":57},[39,78823,61],{"class":53},[39,78825,64],{"class":57},[39,78827,61],{"class":53},[39,78829,69],{"class":57},[39,78831,3340],{"class":53},[20,78833,154,78834,78836],{},[15,78835,74145],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78838,78839,78840,4104,78844,117],{},"You can learn more in ",[195,78841,13,78842,5496],{"href":74242},[15,78843,74145],{},[195,78845,78847],{"href":78846},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[160,78849,2537],{"id":2536},[20,78851,78852,78853,117],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78854,77588],{},[988,78856,12307,78858],{"id":78857},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78859,64032],{},[20,78861,25398],{},[30,78863,78865],{"className":32,"code":78864,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78866,78867,78887,78901,78905,78915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78868,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78870,1379],{"class":45},[39,78872,50],{"class":49},[39,78874,3327],{"class":53},[39,78876,307],{"class":57},[39,78878,61],{"class":53},[39,78880,5210],{"class":57},[39,78882,61],{"class":53},[39,78884,64],{"class":57},[39,78886,3340],{"class":53},[39,78888,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78890,109],{"class":45},[39,78892,50],{"class":49},[39,78894,1433],{"class":45},[39,78896,117],{"class":53},[39,78898,34510],{"class":120},[39,78900,1609],{"class":53},[39,78902,78903],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,78904,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,78906,78907,78909,78911,78913],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,78908,137],{"class":136},[39,78910,124],{"class":53},[39,78912,142],{"class":120},[39,78914,130],{"class":53},[39,78916,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,78918,137],{"class":136},[39,78920,124],{"class":53},[39,78922,1457],{"class":120},[39,78924,130],{"class":53},[20,78926,353],{},[30,78928,78930],{"className":32,"code":78929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78931,78932,78936],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78933,78934],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78935,11520],{"class":3559},[39,78937,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,78939,3609],{"class":53},[39,78941,58],{"class":57},[39,78943,61],{"class":53},[39,78945,64],{"class":57},[39,78947,61],{"class":53},[39,78949,69],{"class":57},[39,78951,3340],{"class":53},[20,78953,78954,78956,78957,117],{},[15,78955,64032],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78958,3484],{},[20,78960,78961,78962,6343],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78963,74145],{},[988,78965,78967],{"id":78966},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78969,78970],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[30,78972,78974],{"className":32,"code":78973,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78975,78976,79001],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78977,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78993,78995,78997,78999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78979,7494],{"class":45},[39,78981,50],{"class":49},[39,78983,3327],{"class":53},[39,78985,58],{"class":57},[39,78987,61],{"class":53},[39,78989,572],{"class":517},[39,78991,78992],{"class":521},"two",[39,78994,562],{"class":517},[39,78996,61],{"class":53},[39,78998,69],{"class":57},[39,79000,3340],{"class":53},[39,79002,79003,79005,79007,79009],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79004,7525],{"class":45},[39,79006,117],{"class":53},[39,79008,34510],{"class":120},[39,79010,1609],{"class":53},[20,79012,2708,79013,79015],{},[15,79014,2711],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[988,79017,4414,79019,79021],{"id":79018},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79020,64032],{}," only works on lists",[20,79023,79024,79026],{},[15,79025,64032],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79028,16353],{},[30,79030,79032],{"className":32,"code":79031,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79033,79034,79046],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79037,34398],{"class":45},[39,79039,50],{"class":49},[39,79041,572],{"class":517},[39,79043,34],{"class":521},[39,79045,3062],{"class":517},[39,79047,79048,79050,79052,79054],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79049,34419],{"class":45},[39,79051,117],{"class":53},[39,79053,34510],{"class":120},[39,79055,1609],{"class":53},[20,79057,79058,79059,33310],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79060,64032],{},[20,79062,79063],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[30,79065,79067],{"className":32,"code":79066,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79068,79069,79087,79097,79101],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79070,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79072,35803],{"class":45},[39,79074,50],{"class":49},[39,79076,22266],{"class":478},[39,79078,124],{"class":53},[39,79080,562],{"class":517},[39,79082,34],{"class":521},[39,79084,562],{"class":517},[39,79086,130],{"class":53},[39,79088,79089,79091,79093,79095],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79090,35856],{"class":45},[39,79092,117],{"class":53},[39,79094,34510],{"class":120},[39,79096,1609],{"class":53},[39,79098,79099],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,79100,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,79104,137],{"class":136},[39,79106,124],{"class":53},[39,79108,35856],{"class":120},[39,79110,130],{"class":53},[20,79112,353],{},[30,79114,79116],{"className":32,"code":79115,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79117,79118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79121,3609],{"class":53},[39,79123,524],{"class":517},[39,79125,60158],{"class":521},[39,79127,524],{"class":517},[39,79129,61],{"class":53},[39,79131,518],{"class":517},[39,79133,75751],{"class":521},[39,79135,524],{"class":517},[39,79137,61],{"class":53},[39,79139,518],{"class":517},[39,79141,60193],{"class":521},[39,79143,524],{"class":517},[39,79145,61],{"class":53},[39,79147,518],{"class":517},[39,79149,20],{"class":521},[39,79151,524],{"class":517},[39,79153,61],{"class":53},[39,79155,518],{"class":517},[39,79157,63007],{"class":521},[39,79159,524],{"class":517},[39,79161,61],{"class":53},[39,79163,518],{"class":517},[39,79165,11457],{"class":521},[39,79167,524],{"class":517},[39,79169,3340],{"class":53},[988,79171,79173,79174,79176],{"id":79172},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79175,14550],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79178,79179,79180,117],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79181,14550],{},[20,79183,79184,79185,79187],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79186,64032],{}," will not do that:",[30,79189,79191],{"className":32,"code":79190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79192,79193,79225,79243,79247],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79194,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79196,3780],{"class":45},[39,79198,50],{"class":49},[39,79200,3327],{"class":53},[39,79202,562],{"class":517},[39,79204,3798],{"class":521},[39,79206,562],{"class":517},[39,79208,61],{"class":53},[39,79210,572],{"class":517},[39,79212,38071],{"class":521},[39,79214,562],{"class":517},[39,79216,61],{"class":53},[39,79218,572],{"class":517},[39,79220,3789],{"class":521},[39,79222,562],{"class":517},[39,79224,3340],{"class":53},[39,79226,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79228,3824],{"class":45},[39,79230,117],{"class":53},[39,79232,34510],{"class":120},[39,79234,124],{"class":53},[39,79236,14550],{"class":8893},[39,79238,50],{"class":49},[39,79240,1361],{"class":136},[39,79242,130],{"class":53},[39,79244,79245],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,79246,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,79248,79249,79251,79253,79255],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,79250,137],{"class":136},[39,79252,124],{"class":53},[39,79254,3824],{"class":120},[39,79256,130],{"class":53},[988,79258,79260],{"id":79259},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79262,79263],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[30,79265,79267],{"className":32,"code":79266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79268,79269,79303,79313,79317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79270,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79299,79301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79272,3780],{"class":45},[39,79274,50],{"class":49},[39,79276,3327],{"class":53},[39,79278,562],{"class":517},[39,79280,79281],{"class":521},"zebra",[39,79283,562],{"class":517},[39,79285,61],{"class":53},[39,79287,572],{"class":517},[39,79289,57487],{"class":521},[39,79291,562],{"class":517},[39,79293,61],{"class":53},[39,79295,572],{"class":517},[39,79297,79298],{"class":521},"monkey",[39,79300,562],{"class":517},[39,79302,3340],{"class":53},[39,79304,79305,79307,79309,79311],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79306,3824],{"class":45},[39,79308,117],{"class":53},[39,79310,34510],{"class":120},[39,79312,1609],{"class":53},[39,79314,79315],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,79316,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,79320,137],{"class":136},[39,79322,124],{"class":53},[39,79324,3824],{"class":120},[39,79326,130],{"class":53},[20,79328,353],{},[30,79330,79332],{"className":32,"code":79331,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79333,79334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79335,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79337,3609],{"class":53},[39,79339,524],{"class":517},[39,79341,57487],{"class":521},[39,79343,524],{"class":517},[39,79345,61],{"class":53},[39,79347,518],{"class":517},[39,79349,79298],{"class":521},[39,79351,524],{"class":517},[39,79353,61],{"class":53},[39,79355,518],{"class":517},[39,79357,79281],{"class":521},[39,79359,524],{"class":517},[39,79361,3340],{"class":53},[20,79363,154,79364,79366],{},[15,79365,78306],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[988,79368,60430],{"id":60429},[20,79370,79371],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[30,79373,79375],{"className":32,"code":79374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79376,79377,79387,79401,79415,79429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79378,79379,79381,79383,79385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79380,137],{"class":136},[39,79382,124],{"class":53},[39,79384,8056],{"class":120},[39,79386,130],{"class":53},[39,79388,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79390,137],{"class":136},[39,79392,124],{"class":53},[39,79394,479],{"class":478},[39,79396,124],{"class":53},[39,79398,8056],{"class":120},[39,79400,486],{"class":53},[39,79402,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,79404,137],{"class":136},[39,79406,124],{"class":53},[39,79408,8056],{"class":120},[39,79410,117],{"class":53},[39,79412,34510],{"class":120},[39,79414,6907],{"class":53},[39,79416,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,79418,137],{"class":136},[39,79420,124],{"class":53},[39,79422,74235],{"class":136},[39,79424,124],{"class":53},[39,79426,8056],{"class":120},[39,79428,486],{"class":53},[39,79430,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,79432,137],{"class":136},[39,79434,917],{"class":53},[39,79436,479],{"class":478},[39,79438,124],{"class":53},[39,79440,23017],{"class":120},[39,79442,3366],{"class":53},[39,79444,3585],{"class":3584},[39,79446,5674],{"class":120},[39,79448,3591],{"class":3584},[39,79450,8113],{"class":120},[39,79452,3597],{"class":53},[20,79454,10884],{},[176,79456,79457,79460,79463,79470,79476],{},[179,79458,79459],{},"What values are in the list",[179,79461,79462],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[179,79464,79465,79466,2104,79468],{},"That ",[15,79467,64032],{},[15,79469,3484],{},[179,79471,79472,79473,79475],{},"Whether ",[15,79474,74145],{}," works better for your case",[179,79477,79478],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79480,79481,79482,79484],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79483,2711],{}," problems.",[160,79486,1563],{"id":1562},[988,79488,1567,79490,55188],{"id":79489},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79491,77588],{},[20,79493,62323,79494,117],{},[15,79495,3484],{},[988,79497,4890,79499,4104,79501,2199],{"id":79498},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79500,64032],{},[15,79502,74145],{},[20,79504,79505,79507,79508,79510],{},[15,79506,64032],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79509,74145],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[988,79512,79514],{"id":79513},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79516,18401],{},[30,79518,79520],{"className":32,"code":79519,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79521,79522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79523,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79525,8056],{"class":45},[39,79527,117],{"class":53},[39,79529,34510],{"class":120},[39,79531,124],{"class":53},[39,79533,73298],{"class":8893},[39,79535,50],{"class":49},[39,79537,3308],{"class":3559},[39,79539,130],{"class":53},[988,79541,79543],{"id":79542},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79545,18401],{},[30,79547,79549],{"className":32,"code":79548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79550,79551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79552,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79554,8056],{"class":45},[39,79556,117],{"class":53},[39,79558,34510],{"class":120},[39,79560,124],{"class":53},[39,79562,14550],{"class":8893},[39,79564,50],{"class":49},[39,79566,3147],{"class":478},[39,79568,117],{"class":53},[39,79570,8358],{"class":24457},[39,79572,130],{"class":53},[20,79574,79575],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[988,79577,79579,79580,79582],{"id":79578},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79581,2711],{}," when sorting?",[20,79584,79585],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[160,79587,1613],{"id":1612},[176,79589,79590,79595,79601,79605],{},[179,79591,79592],{},[195,79593,79594],{"href":78097},"How to sort a list in Python",[179,79596,79597],{},[195,79598,13,79599,5496],{"href":74242},[15,79600,74145],{},[179,79602,79603],{},[195,79604,66798],{"href":50697},[179,79606,79607],{},[195,79608,78847],{"href":78846},[1642,79610,79611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":79613},[79614,79615,79617,79618,79619,79620,79622,79624,79635,79645],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":77654,"depth":75,"text":79616},"What list.sort() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":77909,"depth":75,"text":77910},{"id":78101,"depth":75,"text":78102},{"id":78423,"depth":75,"text":79621},"Using the key argument",{"id":78688,"depth":75,"text":79623},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":79625},[79626,79628,79629,79631,79633,79634],{"id":78857,"depth":99,"text":79627},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78966,"depth":99,"text":78967},{"id":79018,"depth":99,"text":79630},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79172,"depth":99,"text":79632},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79259,"depth":99,"text":79260},{"id":60429,"depth":99,"text":60430},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":79636},[79637,79639,79641,79642,79643],{"id":79489,"depth":99,"text":79638},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79498,"depth":99,"text":79640},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79513,"depth":99,"text":79514},{"id":79542,"depth":99,"text":79543},{"id":79578,"depth":99,"text":79644},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77576,"description":79646},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79653,"title":79654,"body":79655,"description":82286,"extension":1670,"meta":82287,"navigation":102,"path":82288,"seo":82289,"stem":82290,"__hash__":82291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79656,"toc":82245},[79657,79662,79667,79670,79681,79684,79704,79706,79768,79770,79811,79820,79825,79830,79836,79847,79849,79868,79871,79876,79881,79883,79888,79902,79904,79922,79925,79942,79945,79951,79974,79979,79981,79984,80045,80047,80080,80082,80121,80129,80139,80145,80150,80243,80245,80269,80271,80289,80292,80323,80329,80334,80337,80339,80464,80466,80490,80492,80511,80517,80523,80642,80644,80661,80668,80674,80679,80686,80692,80694,80751,80754,80775,80778,80781,80842,80844,80877,80881,80951,80953,80970,80974,80977,81052,81054,81091,81094,81097,81168,81170,81231,81236,81241,81244,81258,81260,81333,81335,81355,81358,81361,81418,81480,81483,81515,81518,81533,81538,81540,81546,81549,81605,81608,81610,81629,81633,81635,81679,81688,81690,81750,81754,81757,81759,81852,81854,81969,81973,81975,82049,82052,82055,82057,82062,82127,82129,82153,82163,82165,82171,82180,82189,82198,82204,82207,82211,82214,82216,82242],[10,79658,13,79660,3283],{"id":79659},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79661,39430],{},[20,79663,3286,79664,79666],{},[15,79665,39430],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79668,79669],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[176,79671,79672,79675,79678],{},[179,79673,79674],{},"converting numbers to strings",[179,79676,79677],{},"changing strings to integers",[179,79679,79680],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79682,79683],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[176,79685,79686,79693,79699],{},[179,79687,79688,13763,79690,79692],{},[15,79689,39430],{},[382,79691,4340],{}," return a list in Python 3",[179,79694,79695,79696],{},"it returns a ",[382,79697,79698],{},"map object",[179,79700,79701,79702],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79703,24488],{},[160,79705,1711],{"id":1710},[30,79707,79709],{"className":32,"code":79708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79710,79711,79735,79754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79712,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79714,1379],{"class":45},[39,79716,50],{"class":49},[39,79718,3327],{"class":53},[39,79720,58],{"class":57},[39,79722,61],{"class":53},[39,79724,64],{"class":57},[39,79726,61],{"class":53},[39,79728,69],{"class":57},[39,79730,61],{"class":53},[39,79732,94],{"class":57},[39,79734,3340],{"class":53},[39,79736,79737,79739,79741,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,79738,109],{"class":45},[39,79740,50],{"class":49},[39,79742,79743],{"class":136}," map",[39,79745,124],{"class":53},[39,79747,3147],{"class":478},[39,79749,61],{"class":53},[39,79751,1433],{"class":120},[39,79753,130],{"class":53},[39,79755,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,79757,137],{"class":136},[39,79759,124],{"class":53},[39,79761,7810],{"class":478},[39,79763,124],{"class":53},[39,79765,142],{"class":120},[39,79767,486],{"class":53},[20,79769,353],{},[30,79771,79773],{"className":32,"code":79772,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79774,79775],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79776,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79778,3609],{"class":53},[39,79780,524],{"class":517},[39,79782,58],{"class":521},[39,79784,524],{"class":517},[39,79786,61],{"class":53},[39,79788,518],{"class":517},[39,79790,85],{"class":521},[39,79792,524],{"class":517},[39,79794,61],{"class":53},[39,79796,518],{"class":517},[39,79798,307],{"class":521},[39,79800,524],{"class":517},[39,79802,61],{"class":53},[39,79804,518],{"class":517},[39,79806,2212],{"class":521},[39,79808,524],{"class":517},[39,79810,3340],{"class":53},[20,79812,154,79813,79816,79817,79819],{},[15,79814,79815],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79818,24488],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[160,79821,3383,79823,3386],{"id":79822},"what-map-does",[15,79824,39430],{},[20,79826,79827,79829],{},[15,79828,39430],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79831,79832,79833,79835],{},"An ",[382,79834,3426],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[176,79837,79838,79840,79842,79844],{},[179,79839,37614],{},[179,79841,37617],{},[179,79843,37620],{},[179,79845,79846],{},"a range object",[20,79848,30434],{},[30,79850,79852],{"className":32,"code":79851,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79853,79854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79855,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864,79866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79857,39573],{"class":136},[39,79859,124],{"class":53},[39,79861,37573],{"class":120},[39,79863,61],{"class":53},[39,79865,37578],{"class":120},[39,79867,130],{"class":53},[20,79869,79870],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79872,79873,79874,33451],{},"Important: the result is a ",[382,79875,79698],{},[20,79877,79878,79879,117],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[195,79880,4847],{"href":4846},[160,79882,202],{"id":201},[20,79884,79885,79887],{},[15,79886,39430],{}," needs at least two parts:",[176,79889,79890,79896],{},[179,79891,79892,79895],{},[382,79893,79894],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[179,79897,79898,79901],{},[382,79899,79900],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79903,3412],{},[30,79905,79906],{"className":32,"code":79851,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,79907,79908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79909,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79911,39573],{"class":136},[39,79913,124],{"class":53},[39,79915,37573],{"class":120},[39,79917,61],{"class":53},[39,79919,37578],{"class":120},[39,79921,130],{"class":53},[20,79923,79924],{},"You can pass:",[176,79926,79927,79936,79939],{},[179,79928,79929,79930,1896,79932,1900,79934],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79931,3147],{},[15,79933,1895],{},[15,79935,1725],{},[179,79937,79938],{},"your own custom function",[179,79940,79941],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79943,79944],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79946,79947,79948,79950],{},"You will often see ",[15,79949,39430],{}," used like this:",[30,79952,79954],{"className":32,"code":79953,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79955,79956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79957,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79959,7810],{"class":478},[39,79961,124],{"class":53},[39,79963,39573],{"class":136},[39,79965,124],{"class":53},[39,79967,37573],{"class":120},[39,79969,61],{"class":53},[39,79971,3594],{"class":120},[39,79973,486],{"class":53},[20,79975,6389,79976,79978],{},[15,79977,24488],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[160,79980,542],{"id":541},[20,79982,79983],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[30,79985,79987],{"className":32,"code":79986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79988,79989,80009,80027,80031],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79990,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79992,1379],{"class":45},[39,79994,50],{"class":49},[39,79996,3327],{"class":53},[39,79998,2037],{"class":57},[39,80000,61],{"class":53},[39,80002,7505],{"class":57},[39,80004,61],{"class":53},[39,80006,7510],{"class":57},[39,80008,3340],{"class":53},[39,80010,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80012,109],{"class":45},[39,80014,50],{"class":49},[39,80016,79743],{"class":136},[39,80018,124],{"class":53},[39,80020,3147],{"class":478},[39,80022,61],{"class":53},[39,80024,1433],{"class":120},[39,80026,130],{"class":53},[39,80028,80029],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80030,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80032,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80034,137],{"class":136},[39,80036,124],{"class":53},[39,80038,7810],{"class":478},[39,80040,124],{"class":53},[39,80042,142],{"class":120},[39,80044,486],{"class":53},[20,80046,353],{},[30,80048,80050],{"className":32,"code":80049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80051,80052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80053,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80055,3609],{"class":53},[39,80057,524],{"class":517},[39,80059,2037],{"class":521},[39,80061,524],{"class":517},[39,80063,61],{"class":53},[39,80065,518],{"class":517},[39,80067,15463],{"class":521},[39,80069,524],{"class":517},[39,80071,61],{"class":53},[39,80073,518],{"class":517},[39,80075,36555],{"class":521},[39,80077,524],{"class":517},[39,80079,3340],{"class":53},[20,80081,692],{},[176,80083,80084,80089,80097,80105,80113],{},[179,80085,80086,80088],{},[15,80087,1457],{}," contains integers",[179,80090,80091,80094,80095],{},[15,80092,80093],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80096,47400],{},[179,80098,80099,41870,80102],{},[15,80100,80101],{},"str(10)",[15,80103,80104],{},"'10'",[179,80106,80107,41870,80110],{},[15,80108,80109],{},"str(20)",[15,80111,80112],{},"'20'",[179,80114,80115,41870,80118],{},[15,80116,80117],{},"str(30)",[15,80119,80120],{},"'30'",[20,80122,53372,80123,80125,80126,80128],{},[15,80124,39430],{}," applies ",[15,80127,47400],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80130,80131,80132,80134,80135,117],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80133,24488],{}," better, see ",[195,80136,13,80137,3213],{"href":64568},[15,80138,24488],{},[160,80140,718,80142,80144],{"id":80141},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80143,39430],{}," with your own function",[20,80146,15423,80147,80149],{},[15,80148,39430],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[30,80151,80153],{"className":32,"code":80152,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80154,80155,80168,80178,80182,80206,80225,80229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80156,80157,80159,80162,80164,80166],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80158,34562],{"class":513},[39,80160,80161],{"class":34565}," double",[39,80163,124],{"class":53},[39,80165,1880],{"class":37375},[39,80167,8059],{"class":53},[39,80169,80170,80172,80174,80176],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80171,34573],{"class":3584},[39,80173,3588],{"class":45},[39,80175,39586],{"class":49},[39,80177,45305],{"class":57},[39,80179,80180],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80181,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80183,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80185,1379],{"class":45},[39,80187,50],{"class":49},[39,80189,3327],{"class":53},[39,80191,58],{"class":57},[39,80193,61],{"class":53},[39,80195,64],{"class":57},[39,80197,61],{"class":53},[39,80199,69],{"class":57},[39,80201,61],{"class":53},[39,80203,94],{"class":57},[39,80205,3340],{"class":53},[39,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80219,80221,80223],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,80209,109],{"class":45},[39,80211,50],{"class":49},[39,80213,79743],{"class":136},[39,80215,124],{"class":53},[39,80217,80218],{"class":120},"double",[39,80220,61],{"class":53},[39,80222,1433],{"class":120},[39,80224,130],{"class":53},[39,80226,80227],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,80228,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80230,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,80232,137],{"class":136},[39,80234,124],{"class":53},[39,80236,7810],{"class":478},[39,80238,124],{"class":53},[39,80240,142],{"class":120},[39,80242,486],{"class":53},[20,80244,353],{},[30,80246,80247],{"className":32,"code":39599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,80248,80249],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80250,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80252,3609],{"class":53},[39,80254,85],{"class":57},[39,80256,61],{"class":53},[39,80258,94],{"class":57},[39,80260,61],{"class":53},[39,80262,806],{"class":57},[39,80264,61],{"class":53},[39,80266,6073],{"class":57},[39,80268,3340],{"class":53},[20,80270,65305],{},[176,80272,80273,80280,80286],{},[179,80274,80275,80277,80278],{},[15,80276,39430],{}," takes the function ",[15,80279,80218],{},[179,80281,80282,80283,80285],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80284,1457],{}," into that function",[179,80287,80288],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80290,80291],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[176,80293,80294,80301,80308,80316],{},[179,80295,80296,5786,80299],{},[15,80297,80298],{},"double(1)",[15,80300,85],{},[179,80302,80303,5786,80306],{},[15,80304,80305],{},"double(2)",[15,80307,2212],{},[179,80309,80310,5786,80313],{},[15,80311,80312],{},"double(3)",[15,80314,80315],{},"6",[179,80317,80318,5786,80321],{},[15,80319,80320],{},"double(4)",[15,80322,2052],{},[160,80324,718,80326,80328],{"id":80325},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80327,39430],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80330,80331,80333],{},[15,80332,39430],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80335,80336],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80338,267],{},[30,80340,80342],{"className":32,"code":80341,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80343,80344,80361,80371,80375,80396,80417,80421,80446,80450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80345,80346,80348,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80347,34562],{"class":513},[39,80349,80350],{"class":34565}," add_numbers",[39,80352,124],{"class":53},[39,80354,195],{"class":37375},[39,80356,61],{"class":53},[39,80358,2266],{"class":37375},[39,80360,8059],{"class":53},[39,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80364,34573],{"class":3584},[39,80366,44260],{"class":45},[39,80368,1767],{"class":49},[39,80370,35895],{"class":45},[39,80372,80373],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80374,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80376,80377,80380,80382,80384,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80378,80379],{"class":45},"list1 ",[39,80381,50],{"class":49},[39,80383,3327],{"class":53},[39,80385,58],{"class":57},[39,80387,61],{"class":53},[39,80389,64],{"class":57},[39,80391,61],{"class":53},[39,80393,69],{"class":57},[39,80395,3340],{"class":53},[39,80397,80398,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,80399,80400],{"class":45},"list2 ",[39,80402,50],{"class":49},[39,80404,3327],{"class":53},[39,80406,2037],{"class":57},[39,80408,61],{"class":53},[39,80410,7505],{"class":57},[39,80412,61],{"class":53},[39,80414,7510],{"class":57},[39,80416,3340],{"class":53},[39,80418,80419],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,80420,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80422,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80434,80436,80439,80441,80444],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,80424,109],{"class":45},[39,80426,50],{"class":49},[39,80428,79743],{"class":136},[39,80430,124],{"class":53},[39,80432,80433],{"class":120},"add_numbers",[39,80435,61],{"class":53},[39,80437,80438],{"class":120}," list1",[39,80440,61],{"class":53},[39,80442,80443],{"class":120}," list2",[39,80445,130],{"class":53},[39,80447,80448],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,80449,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80451,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,80453,137],{"class":136},[39,80455,124],{"class":53},[39,80457,7810],{"class":478},[39,80459,124],{"class":53},[39,80461,142],{"class":120},[39,80463,486],{"class":53},[20,80465,353],{},[30,80467,80469],{"className":32,"code":80468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80470,80471],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80472,80473,80475,80478,80480,80483,80485,80488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80474,3609],{"class":53},[39,80476,80477],{"class":57},"11",[39,80479,61],{"class":53},[39,80481,80482],{"class":57}," 22",[39,80484,61],{"class":53},[39,80486,80487],{"class":57}," 33",[39,80489,3340],{"class":53},[20,80491,1885],{},[176,80493,80494,80500,80506],{},[179,80495,80496,80497],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80498,80499],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[179,80501,80502,80503],{},"then ",[15,80504,80505],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[179,80507,80502,80508],{},[15,80509,80510],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[988,80512,80514,80516],{"id":80513},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80515,39430],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80518,80519,80520,80522],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80521,39430],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[30,80524,80526],{"className":32,"code":80525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80527,80528,80544,80554,80558,80582,80598,80602,80624,80628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80529,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80531,34562],{"class":513},[39,80533,80350],{"class":34565},[39,80535,124],{"class":53},[39,80537,195],{"class":37375},[39,80539,61],{"class":53},[39,80541,2266],{"class":37375},[39,80543,8059],{"class":53},[39,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80547,34573],{"class":3584},[39,80549,44260],{"class":45},[39,80551,1767],{"class":49},[39,80553,35895],{"class":45},[39,80555,80556],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80557,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80561,80379],{"class":45},[39,80563,50],{"class":49},[39,80565,3327],{"class":53},[39,80567,58],{"class":57},[39,80569,61],{"class":53},[39,80571,64],{"class":57},[39,80573,61],{"class":53},[39,80575,69],{"class":57},[39,80577,61],{"class":53},[39,80579,94],{"class":57},[39,80581,3340],{"class":53},[39,80583,80584,80586,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,80585,80400],{"class":45},[39,80587,50],{"class":49},[39,80589,3327],{"class":53},[39,80591,2037],{"class":57},[39,80593,61],{"class":53},[39,80595,7505],{"class":57},[39,80597,3340],{"class":53},[39,80599,80600],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,80601,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80603,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,80605,109],{"class":45},[39,80607,50],{"class":49},[39,80609,79743],{"class":136},[39,80611,124],{"class":53},[39,80613,80433],{"class":120},[39,80615,61],{"class":53},[39,80617,80438],{"class":120},[39,80619,61],{"class":53},[39,80621,80443],{"class":120},[39,80623,130],{"class":53},[39,80625,80626],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,80627,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80629,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,80631,137],{"class":136},[39,80633,124],{"class":53},[39,80635,7810],{"class":478},[39,80637,124],{"class":53},[39,80639,142],{"class":120},[39,80641,486],{"class":53},[20,80643,353],{},[30,80645,80647],{"className":32,"code":80646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80648,80649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80650,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80652,3609],{"class":53},[39,80654,80477],{"class":57},[39,80656,61],{"class":53},[39,80658,80482],{"class":57},[39,80660,3340],{"class":53},[20,80662,80663,80664,80667],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80665,80666],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[160,80669,80671,80673],{"id":80670},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80672,39430],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80675,37736,80676,80678],{},[15,80677,39430],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80680,80681,80682,80685],{},"This object is ",[382,80683,80684],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[988,80687,2195,80689,80691],{"id":80688},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80690,32736],{}," looks strange",[20,80693,33352],{},[30,80695,80697],{"className":32,"code":80696,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80698,80699,80719,80737,80741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80702,1379],{"class":45},[39,80704,50],{"class":49},[39,80706,3327],{"class":53},[39,80708,58],{"class":57},[39,80710,61],{"class":53},[39,80712,64],{"class":57},[39,80714,61],{"class":53},[39,80716,69],{"class":57},[39,80718,3340],{"class":53},[39,80720,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80722,109],{"class":45},[39,80724,50],{"class":49},[39,80726,79743],{"class":136},[39,80728,124],{"class":53},[39,80730,3147],{"class":478},[39,80732,61],{"class":53},[39,80734,1433],{"class":120},[39,80736,130],{"class":53},[39,80738,80739],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80740,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80742,80743,80745,80747,80749],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80744,137],{"class":136},[39,80746,124],{"class":53},[39,80748,142],{"class":120},[39,80750,130],{"class":53},[20,80752,80753],{},"Output will look something like this:",[30,80755,80757],{"className":32,"code":80756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80758,80759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80760,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80762,510],{"class":49},[39,80764,39573],{"class":136},[39,80766,24324],{"class":478},[39,80768,37077],{"class":45},[39,80770,37081],{"class":37080},[39,80772,37084],{"class":34163},[39,80774,527],{"class":49},[20,80776,80777],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80779,80780],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[30,80782,80784],{"className":32,"code":80783,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80785,80786,80806,80824,80828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80789,1379],{"class":45},[39,80791,50],{"class":49},[39,80793,3327],{"class":53},[39,80795,58],{"class":57},[39,80797,61],{"class":53},[39,80799,64],{"class":57},[39,80801,61],{"class":53},[39,80803,69],{"class":57},[39,80805,3340],{"class":53},[39,80807,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80809,109],{"class":45},[39,80811,50],{"class":49},[39,80813,79743],{"class":136},[39,80815,124],{"class":53},[39,80817,3147],{"class":478},[39,80819,61],{"class":53},[39,80821,1433],{"class":120},[39,80823,130],{"class":53},[39,80825,80826],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80827,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80829,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80831,137],{"class":136},[39,80833,124],{"class":53},[39,80835,7810],{"class":478},[39,80837,124],{"class":53},[39,80839,142],{"class":120},[39,80841,486],{"class":53},[20,80843,353],{},[30,80845,80847],{"className":32,"code":80846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80848,80849],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80850,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80852,3609],{"class":53},[39,80854,524],{"class":517},[39,80856,58],{"class":521},[39,80858,524],{"class":517},[39,80860,61],{"class":53},[39,80862,518],{"class":517},[39,80864,85],{"class":521},[39,80866,524],{"class":517},[39,80868,61],{"class":53},[39,80870,518],{"class":517},[39,80872,307],{"class":521},[39,80874,524],{"class":517},[39,80876,3340],{"class":53},[988,80878,80880],{"id":80879},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[30,80882,80884],{"className":32,"code":80883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80885,80886,80906,80924,80928,80941],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80889,1379],{"class":45},[39,80891,50],{"class":49},[39,80893,3327],{"class":53},[39,80895,58],{"class":57},[39,80897,61],{"class":53},[39,80899,64],{"class":57},[39,80901,61],{"class":53},[39,80903,69],{"class":57},[39,80905,3340],{"class":53},[39,80907,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80909,109],{"class":45},[39,80911,50],{"class":49},[39,80913,79743],{"class":136},[39,80915,124],{"class":53},[39,80917,3147],{"class":478},[39,80919,61],{"class":53},[39,80921,1433],{"class":120},[39,80923,130],{"class":53},[39,80925,80926],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80927,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,80929,80930,80932,80934,80936,80939],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,80931,5671],{"class":3584},[39,80933,5674],{"class":45},[39,80935,3591],{"class":3584},[39,80937,80938],{"class":45}," result",[39,80940,6107],{"class":53},[39,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,80944,7785],{"class":136},[39,80946,124],{"class":53},[39,80948,23017],{"class":120},[39,80950,130],{"class":53},[20,80952,353],{},[30,80954,80956],{"className":32,"code":80955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80957,80958,80962,80966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80959,80960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80961,46633],{"class":57},[39,80963,80964],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,80965,1553],{"class":57},[39,80967,80968],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,80969,46333],{"class":57},[988,80971,80973],{"id":80972},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80975,80976],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[30,80978,80980],{"className":32,"code":80979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80981,80982,81002,81020,81024,81038],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80983,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80985,1379],{"class":45},[39,80987,50],{"class":49},[39,80989,3327],{"class":53},[39,80991,58],{"class":57},[39,80993,61],{"class":53},[39,80995,64],{"class":57},[39,80997,61],{"class":53},[39,80999,69],{"class":57},[39,81001,3340],{"class":53},[39,81003,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81005,109],{"class":45},[39,81007,50],{"class":49},[39,81009,79743],{"class":136},[39,81011,124],{"class":53},[39,81013,3147],{"class":478},[39,81015,61],{"class":53},[39,81017,1433],{"class":120},[39,81019,130],{"class":53},[39,81021,81022],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81023,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81025,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81027,137],{"class":136},[39,81029,124],{"class":53},[39,81031,7810],{"class":478},[39,81033,124],{"class":53},[39,81035,142],{"class":120},[39,81037,486],{"class":53},[39,81039,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,81041,137],{"class":136},[39,81043,124],{"class":53},[39,81045,7810],{"class":478},[39,81047,124],{"class":53},[39,81049,142],{"class":120},[39,81051,486],{"class":53},[20,81053,353],{},[30,81055,81057],{"className":32,"code":81056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81058,81059,81087],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81060,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81062,3609],{"class":53},[39,81064,524],{"class":517},[39,81066,58],{"class":521},[39,81068,524],{"class":517},[39,81070,61],{"class":53},[39,81072,518],{"class":517},[39,81074,85],{"class":521},[39,81076,524],{"class":517},[39,81078,61],{"class":53},[39,81080,518],{"class":517},[39,81082,307],{"class":521},[39,81084,524],{"class":517},[39,81086,3340],{"class":53},[39,81088,81089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81090,38010],{"class":53},[20,81092,81093],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81095,81096],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[30,81098,81100],{"className":32,"code":81099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81101,81102,81122,81144,81148,81158],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81103,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81105,1379],{"class":45},[39,81107,50],{"class":49},[39,81109,3327],{"class":53},[39,81111,58],{"class":57},[39,81113,61],{"class":53},[39,81115,64],{"class":57},[39,81117,61],{"class":53},[39,81119,69],{"class":57},[39,81121,3340],{"class":53},[39,81123,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81125,109],{"class":45},[39,81127,50],{"class":49},[39,81129,22266],{"class":478},[39,81131,124],{"class":53},[39,81133,39573],{"class":136},[39,81135,124],{"class":53},[39,81137,3147],{"class":478},[39,81139,61],{"class":53},[39,81141,1433],{"class":120},[39,81143,486],{"class":53},[39,81145,81146],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81147,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81149,81150,81152,81154,81156],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81151,137],{"class":136},[39,81153,124],{"class":53},[39,81155,142],{"class":120},[39,81157,130],{"class":53},[39,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,81161,137],{"class":136},[39,81163,124],{"class":53},[39,81165,142],{"class":120},[39,81167,130],{"class":53},[20,81169,353],{},[30,81171,81173],{"className":32,"code":81172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81174,81175,81203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81176,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81178,3609],{"class":53},[39,81180,524],{"class":517},[39,81182,58],{"class":521},[39,81184,524],{"class":517},[39,81186,61],{"class":53},[39,81188,518],{"class":517},[39,81190,85],{"class":521},[39,81192,524],{"class":517},[39,81194,61],{"class":53},[39,81196,518],{"class":517},[39,81198,307],{"class":521},[39,81200,524],{"class":517},[39,81202,3340],{"class":53},[39,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81206,3609],{"class":53},[39,81208,524],{"class":517},[39,81210,58],{"class":521},[39,81212,524],{"class":517},[39,81214,61],{"class":53},[39,81216,518],{"class":517},[39,81218,85],{"class":521},[39,81220,524],{"class":517},[39,81222,61],{"class":53},[39,81224,518],{"class":517},[39,81226,307],{"class":521},[39,81228,524],{"class":517},[39,81230,3340],{"class":53},[160,81232,4671,81234],{"id":81233},"when-to-use-map",[15,81235,39430],{},[20,81237,81238,81240],{},[15,81239,39430],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81242,81243],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[176,81245,81246,81250,81254],{},[179,81247,81248],{},[15,81249,3147],{},[179,81251,81252],{},[15,81253,1895],{},[179,81255,81256],{},[15,81257,1725],{},[20,81259,267],{},[30,81261,81263],{"className":32,"code":81262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81264,81265,81297,81319,81323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81266,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81268,3529],{"class":45},[39,81270,50],{"class":49},[39,81272,3327],{"class":53},[39,81274,524],{"class":517},[39,81276,58],{"class":521},[39,81278,524],{"class":517},[39,81280,61],{"class":53},[39,81282,518],{"class":517},[39,81284,85],{"class":521},[39,81286,524],{"class":517},[39,81288,61],{"class":53},[39,81290,518],{"class":517},[39,81292,307],{"class":521},[39,81294,524],{"class":517},[39,81296,3340],{"class":53},[39,81298,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81300,1379],{"class":45},[39,81302,50],{"class":49},[39,81304,22266],{"class":478},[39,81306,124],{"class":53},[39,81308,39573],{"class":136},[39,81310,124],{"class":53},[39,81312,1895],{"class":478},[39,81314,61],{"class":53},[39,81316,3594],{"class":120},[39,81318,486],{"class":53},[39,81320,81321],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81322,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81324,81325,81327,81329,81331],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81326,137],{"class":136},[39,81328,124],{"class":53},[39,81330,1457],{"class":120},[39,81332,130],{"class":53},[20,81334,353],{},[30,81336,81337],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81338,81339],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81340,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81342,3609],{"class":53},[39,81344,58],{"class":57},[39,81346,61],{"class":53},[39,81348,64],{"class":57},[39,81350,61],{"class":53},[39,81352,69],{"class":57},[39,81354,3340],{"class":53},[20,81356,81357],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81359,81360],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[30,81362,81364],{"className":32,"code":81363,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81365,81366,81386,81408],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81367,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81369,1379],{"class":45},[39,81371,50],{"class":49},[39,81373,3327],{"class":53},[39,81375,58],{"class":57},[39,81377,61],{"class":53},[39,81379,64],{"class":57},[39,81381,61],{"class":53},[39,81383,69],{"class":57},[39,81385,3340],{"class":53},[39,81387,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81389,109],{"class":45},[39,81391,50],{"class":49},[39,81393,22266],{"class":478},[39,81395,124],{"class":53},[39,81397,39573],{"class":136},[39,81399,124],{"class":53},[39,81401,3147],{"class":478},[39,81403,61],{"class":53},[39,81405,1433],{"class":120},[39,81407,486],{"class":53},[39,81409,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81411,137],{"class":136},[39,81413,124],{"class":53},[39,81415,142],{"class":120},[39,81417,130],{"class":53},[30,81419,81421],{"className":32,"code":81420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81422,81423,81443,81470],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81424,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81426,1379],{"class":45},[39,81428,50],{"class":49},[39,81430,3327],{"class":53},[39,81432,58],{"class":57},[39,81434,61],{"class":53},[39,81436,64],{"class":57},[39,81438,61],{"class":53},[39,81440,69],{"class":57},[39,81442,3340],{"class":53},[39,81444,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81464,81466,81468],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81446,109],{"class":45},[39,81448,50],{"class":49},[39,81450,3327],{"class":53},[39,81452,3147],{"class":478},[39,81454,124],{"class":53},[39,81456,75751],{"class":120},[39,81458,3366],{"class":53},[39,81460,3585],{"class":3584},[39,81462,81463],{"class":45}," n ",[39,81465,3591],{"class":3584},[39,81467,1433],{"class":45},[39,81469,3340],{"class":53},[39,81471,81472,81474,81476,81478],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81473,137],{"class":136},[39,81475,124],{"class":53},[39,81477,142],{"class":120},[39,81479,130],{"class":53},[20,81481,81482],{},"Both produce:",[30,81484,81485],{"className":32,"code":80846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81486,81487],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81488,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81490,3609],{"class":53},[39,81492,524],{"class":517},[39,81494,58],{"class":521},[39,81496,524],{"class":517},[39,81498,61],{"class":53},[39,81500,518],{"class":517},[39,81502,85],{"class":521},[39,81504,524],{"class":517},[39,81506,61],{"class":53},[39,81508,518],{"class":517},[39,81510,307],{"class":521},[39,81512,524],{"class":517},[39,81514,3340],{"class":53},[20,81516,81517],{},"A simple rule:",[176,81519,81520,81525,81530],{},[179,81521,39704,81522,81524],{},[15,81523,39430],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[179,81526,39710,81527,81529],{},[15,81528,5671],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[179,81531,81532],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81534,81535,81536,117],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[195,81537,4103],{"href":4102},[160,81539,1244],{"id":1243},[988,81541,81543,81544],{"id":81542},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81545,24488],{},[20,81547,81548],{},"This is very common:",[30,81550,81551],{"className":32,"code":80696,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81552,81553,81573,81591,81595],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81556,1379],{"class":45},[39,81558,50],{"class":49},[39,81560,3327],{"class":53},[39,81562,58],{"class":57},[39,81564,61],{"class":53},[39,81566,64],{"class":57},[39,81568,61],{"class":53},[39,81570,69],{"class":57},[39,81572,3340],{"class":53},[39,81574,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81576,109],{"class":45},[39,81578,50],{"class":49},[39,81580,79743],{"class":136},[39,81582,124],{"class":53},[39,81584,3147],{"class":478},[39,81586,61],{"class":53},[39,81588,1433],{"class":120},[39,81590,130],{"class":53},[39,81592,81593],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81594,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81596,81597,81599,81601,81603],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81598,137],{"class":136},[39,81600,124],{"class":53},[39,81602,142],{"class":120},[39,81604,130],{"class":53},[20,81606,81607],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81609,38975],{},[30,81611,81613],{"className":32,"code":81612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81614,81615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81616,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81618,137],{"class":136},[39,81620,124],{"class":53},[39,81622,7810],{"class":478},[39,81624,124],{"class":53},[39,81626,142],{"class":120},[39,81628,486],{"class":53},[988,81630,81632],{"id":81631},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81634,16353],{},[30,81636,81638],{"className":32,"code":81637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81639,81640,81660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81643,1379],{"class":45},[39,81645,50],{"class":49},[39,81647,3327],{"class":53},[39,81649,58],{"class":57},[39,81651,61],{"class":53},[39,81653,64],{"class":57},[39,81655,61],{"class":53},[39,81657,69],{"class":57},[39,81659,3340],{"class":53},[39,81661,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81675,81677],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81663,109],{"class":45},[39,81665,50],{"class":49},[39,81667,79743],{"class":136},[39,81669,124],{"class":53},[39,81671,3147],{"class":478},[39,81673,81674],{"class":53},"(),",[39,81676,1433],{"class":120},[39,81678,130],{"class":53},[20,81680,81681,81682,81684,81685,81687],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81683,47400],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81686,39430],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81689,16365],{},[30,81691,81692],{"className":32,"code":80783,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81693,81694,81714,81732,81736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81695,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81697,1379],{"class":45},[39,81699,50],{"class":49},[39,81701,3327],{"class":53},[39,81703,58],{"class":57},[39,81705,61],{"class":53},[39,81707,64],{"class":57},[39,81709,61],{"class":53},[39,81711,69],{"class":57},[39,81713,3340],{"class":53},[39,81715,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81717,109],{"class":45},[39,81719,50],{"class":49},[39,81721,79743],{"class":136},[39,81723,124],{"class":53},[39,81725,3147],{"class":478},[39,81727,61],{"class":53},[39,81729,1433],{"class":120},[39,81731,130],{"class":53},[39,81733,81734],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81735,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81737,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81739,137],{"class":136},[39,81741,124],{"class":53},[39,81743,7810],{"class":478},[39,81745,124],{"class":53},[39,81747,142],{"class":120},[39,81749,486],{"class":53},[988,81751,81753],{"id":81752},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81755,81756],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81758,16353],{},[30,81760,81762],{"className":32,"code":81761,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81763,81764,81781,81791,81795,81815,81834,81838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81765,81766,81768,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81767,34562],{"class":513},[39,81769,81770],{"class":34565}," add",[39,81772,124],{"class":53},[39,81774,195],{"class":37375},[39,81776,61],{"class":53},[39,81778,2266],{"class":37375},[39,81780,8059],{"class":53},[39,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81784,34573],{"class":3584},[39,81786,44260],{"class":45},[39,81788,1767],{"class":49},[39,81790,35895],{"class":45},[39,81792,81793],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81794,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81798,1379],{"class":45},[39,81800,50],{"class":49},[39,81802,3327],{"class":53},[39,81804,58],{"class":57},[39,81806,61],{"class":53},[39,81808,64],{"class":57},[39,81810,61],{"class":53},[39,81812,69],{"class":57},[39,81814,3340],{"class":53},[39,81816,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81828,81830,81832],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,81818,109],{"class":45},[39,81820,50],{"class":49},[39,81822,79743],{"class":136},[39,81824,124],{"class":53},[39,81826,81827],{"class":120},"add",[39,81829,61],{"class":53},[39,81831,1433],{"class":120},[39,81833,130],{"class":53},[39,81835,81836],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,81837,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,81841,137],{"class":136},[39,81843,124],{"class":53},[39,81845,7810],{"class":478},[39,81847,124],{"class":53},[39,81849,142],{"class":120},[39,81851,486],{"class":53},[20,81853,16365],{},[30,81855,81857],{"className":32,"code":81856,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81858,81859,81875,81885,81889,81909,81929,81951,81955],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81860,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81862,34562],{"class":513},[39,81864,81770],{"class":34565},[39,81866,124],{"class":53},[39,81868,195],{"class":37375},[39,81870,61],{"class":53},[39,81872,2266],{"class":37375},[39,81874,8059],{"class":53},[39,81876,81877,81879,81881,81883],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,81878,34573],{"class":3584},[39,81880,44260],{"class":45},[39,81882,1767],{"class":49},[39,81884,35895],{"class":45},[39,81886,81887],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,81888,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,81892,80379],{"class":45},[39,81894,50],{"class":49},[39,81896,3327],{"class":53},[39,81898,58],{"class":57},[39,81900,61],{"class":53},[39,81902,64],{"class":57},[39,81904,61],{"class":53},[39,81906,69],{"class":57},[39,81908,3340],{"class":53},[39,81910,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,81912,80400],{"class":45},[39,81914,50],{"class":49},[39,81916,3327],{"class":53},[39,81918,2037],{"class":57},[39,81920,61],{"class":53},[39,81922,7505],{"class":57},[39,81924,61],{"class":53},[39,81926,7510],{"class":57},[39,81928,3340],{"class":53},[39,81930,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,81932,109],{"class":45},[39,81934,50],{"class":49},[39,81936,79743],{"class":136},[39,81938,124],{"class":53},[39,81940,81827],{"class":120},[39,81942,61],{"class":53},[39,81944,80438],{"class":120},[39,81946,61],{"class":53},[39,81948,80443],{"class":120},[39,81950,130],{"class":53},[39,81952,81953],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,81954,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,81956,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,81958,137],{"class":136},[39,81960,124],{"class":53},[39,81962,7810],{"class":478},[39,81964,124],{"class":53},[39,81966,142],{"class":120},[39,81968,486],{"class":53},[988,81970,81972],{"id":81971},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81974,16353],{},[30,81976,81977],{"className":32,"code":80979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81978,81979,81999,82017,82021,82035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81980,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81982,1379],{"class":45},[39,81984,50],{"class":49},[39,81986,3327],{"class":53},[39,81988,58],{"class":57},[39,81990,61],{"class":53},[39,81992,64],{"class":57},[39,81994,61],{"class":53},[39,81996,69],{"class":57},[39,81998,3340],{"class":53},[39,82000,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82002,109],{"class":45},[39,82004,50],{"class":49},[39,82006,79743],{"class":136},[39,82008,124],{"class":53},[39,82010,3147],{"class":478},[39,82012,61],{"class":53},[39,82014,1433],{"class":120},[39,82016,130],{"class":53},[39,82018,82019],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82020,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82024,137],{"class":136},[39,82026,124],{"class":53},[39,82028,7810],{"class":478},[39,82030,124],{"class":53},[39,82032,142],{"class":120},[39,82034,486],{"class":53},[39,82036,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,82038,137],{"class":136},[39,82040,124],{"class":53},[39,82042,7810],{"class":478},[39,82044,124],{"class":53},[39,82046,142],{"class":120},[39,82048,486],{"class":53},[20,82050,82051],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82053,82054],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[160,82056,67616],{"id":67615},[20,82058,8592,82059,82061],{},[15,82060,39430],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,82063,82065],{"className":32,"code":82064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82066,82067,82077,82091,82105,82117],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82070,137],{"class":136},[39,82072,124],{"class":53},[39,82074,142],{"class":120},[39,82076,130],{"class":53},[39,82078,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82080,137],{"class":136},[39,82082,124],{"class":53},[39,82084,7810],{"class":478},[39,82086,124],{"class":53},[39,82088,142],{"class":120},[39,82090,486],{"class":53},[39,82092,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82094,137],{"class":136},[39,82096,124],{"class":53},[39,82098,479],{"class":478},[39,82100,124],{"class":53},[39,82102,142],{"class":120},[39,82104,486],{"class":53},[39,82106,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82108,5671],{"class":3584},[39,82110,5674],{"class":45},[39,82112,3591],{"class":3584},[39,82114,80938],{"class":45},[39,82116,6107],{"class":53},[39,82118,82119,82121,82123,82125],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,82120,7785],{"class":136},[39,82122,124],{"class":53},[39,82124,23017],{"class":120},[39,82126,130],{"class":53},[20,82128,12385],{},[176,82130,82131,82136,82141,82147],{},[179,82132,82133,82135],{},[15,82134,32736],{}," shows that you have a map object",[179,82137,82138,82140],{},[15,82139,32744],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[179,82142,82143,82146],{},[15,82144,82145],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[179,82148,82149,82150,82152],{},"looping over ",[15,82151,142],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82154,82155,82156,82159,82160,82162],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82157,82158],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82161,5671],{}," loop consume the map object.",[160,82164,1563],{"id":1562},[988,82166,1567,82168,82170],{"id":82167},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82169,39430],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82172,82173,82174,82176,82177,23645],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82175,39430],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82178,82179],{},"list(map(...))",[988,82181,14612,82183,82185,82186,82188],{"id":82182},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82184,39430],{}," better than a ",[15,82187,5671],{}," loop?",[20,82190,82191,82192,82194,82195,82197],{},"Not always. ",[15,82193,39430],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82196,5671],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[988,82199,1577,82201,82203],{"id":82200},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82202,39430],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82205,82206],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[988,82208,82210],{"id":82209},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82212,82213],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[160,82215,1613],{"id":1612},[176,82217,82218,82224,82230,82234,82238],{},[179,82219,82220],{},[195,82221,13,82222,3213],{"href":39799},[15,82223,37289],{},[179,82225,82226],{},[195,82227,13,82228,3213],{"href":64568},[15,82229,24488],{},[179,82231,82232],{},[195,82233,4932],{"href":4842},[179,82235,82236],{},[195,82237,4937],{"href":4102},[179,82239,82240],{},[195,82241,4927],{"href":4846},[1642,82243,82244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":82246},[82247,82248,82250,82251,82252,82254,82259,82266,82268,82275,82276,82285],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":79822,"depth":75,"text":82249},"What map() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":80141,"depth":75,"text":82253},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80325,"depth":75,"text":82255,"children":82256},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82257],{"id":80513,"depth":99,"text":82258},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80670,"depth":75,"text":82260,"children":82261},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82262,82264,82265],{"id":80688,"depth":99,"text":82263},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80879,"depth":99,"text":80880},{"id":80972,"depth":99,"text":80973},{"id":81233,"depth":75,"text":82267},"When to use map()",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":82269},[82270,82272,82273,82274],{"id":81542,"depth":99,"text":82271},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81631,"depth":99,"text":81632},{"id":81752,"depth":99,"text":81753},{"id":81971,"depth":99,"text":81972},{"id":67615,"depth":75,"text":67616},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":82277},[82278,82280,82282,82284],{"id":82167,"depth":99,"text":82279},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82182,"depth":99,"text":82281},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82200,"depth":99,"text":82283},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82209,"depth":99,"text":82210},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79654,"description":82286},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82293,"title":82294,"body":82295,"description":84314,"extension":1670,"meta":84315,"navigation":102,"path":84316,"seo":84317,"stem":84318,"__hash__":84319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82296,"toc":84272},[82297,82303,82308,82311,82319,82322,82324,82448,82450,82468,82470,82490,82495,82499,82513,82516,82519,82521,82526,82638,82641,82659,82665,82668,82730,82732,82741,82744,82758,82760,82808,82810,82819,82829,82835,82838,82865,82867,82875,82878,82881,82950,82952,82960,82963,82968,82973,83024,83026,83034,83037,83039,83056,83058,83110,83113,83119,83123,83128,83131,83135,83194,83196,83205,83211,83220,83224,83287,83289,83297,83302,83306,83311,83391,83393,83402,83409,83414,83419,83422,83457,83459,83467,83470,83476,83478,83528,83530,83539,83542,83560,83562,83567,83573,83580,83607,83609,83632,83637,83672,83677,83683,83688,83731,83734,83737,83776,83783,83789,83794,83809,83813,83820,83823,83827,83832,83836,83841,83843,83904,83906,83935,83940,83947,83956,83958,83961,83986,83988,84091,84094,84112,84121,84123,84128,84131,84137,84140,84142,84152,84158,84162,84220,84227,84235,84237,84269],[10,82298,13,82300,3283],{"id":82299},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82301,82302],{},"max()",[20,82304,8840,82305,82307],{},[15,82306,82302],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82309,82310],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[176,82312,82313,82316],{},[179,82314,82315],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[179,82317,82318],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82320,82321],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[160,82323,1711],{"id":1710},[30,82325,82327],{"className":32,"code":82326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82328,82329,82353,82368,82372,82398,82402,82434],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82330,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82332,1379],{"class":45},[39,82334,50],{"class":49},[39,82336,3327],{"class":53},[39,82338,307],{"class":57},[39,82340,61],{"class":53},[39,82342,6073],{"class":57},[39,82344,61],{"class":53},[39,82346,64],{"class":57},[39,82348,61],{"class":53},[39,82350,316],{"class":57},[39,82352,3340],{"class":53},[39,82354,82355,82357,82359,82362,82364,82366],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82356,137],{"class":136},[39,82358,124],{"class":53},[39,82360,82361],{"class":136},"max",[39,82363,124],{"class":53},[39,82365,1457],{"class":120},[39,82367,486],{"class":53},[39,82369,82370],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82371,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82375,137],{"class":136},[39,82377,124],{"class":53},[39,82379,82361],{"class":136},[39,82381,124],{"class":53},[39,82383,307],{"class":57},[39,82385,61],{"class":53},[39,82387,6073],{"class":57},[39,82389,61],{"class":53},[39,82391,64],{"class":57},[39,82393,61],{"class":53},[39,82395,316],{"class":57},[39,82397,486],{"class":53},[39,82399,82400],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,82401,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,82403,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,82405,3780],{"class":45},[39,82407,50],{"class":49},[39,82409,3327],{"class":53},[39,82411,562],{"class":517},[39,82413,3789],{"class":521},[39,82415,562],{"class":517},[39,82417,61],{"class":53},[39,82419,572],{"class":517},[39,82421,3798],{"class":521},[39,82423,562],{"class":517},[39,82425,61],{"class":53},[39,82427,572],{"class":517},[39,82429,78465],{"class":521},[39,82431,562],{"class":517},[39,82433,3340],{"class":53},[39,82435,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,82437,137],{"class":136},[39,82439,124],{"class":53},[39,82441,82361],{"class":136},[39,82443,124],{"class":53},[39,82445,3824],{"class":120},[39,82447,486],{"class":53},[20,82449,353],{},[30,82451,82453],{"className":32,"code":82452,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82454,82455,82459,82463],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82456,82457],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82458,2088],{"class":57},[39,82460,82461],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82462,2088],{"class":57},[39,82464,82465],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82466,82467],{"class":45},"pear\n",[20,82469,19664],{},[176,82471,82472,82478,82484],{},[179,82473,82474,82477],{},[15,82475,82476],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[179,82479,82480,82483],{},[15,82481,82482],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[179,82485,82486,82489],{},[15,82487,82488],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[160,82491,3383,82493,3386],{"id":82492},"what-max-does",[15,82494,82302],{},[20,82496,82497,1250],{},[15,82498,82302],{},[176,82500,82501,82504,82507,82510],{},[179,82502,82503],{},"Returns the largest item",[179,82505,82506],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[179,82508,82509],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[179,82511,82512],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82514,82515],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82517,82518],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[160,82520,202],{"id":201},[20,82522,82523,82524,1250],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82525,82302],{},[30,82527,82529],{"className":32,"code":82528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82530,82531,82541,82565,82587,82610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82532,82533,82535,82537,82539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82534,82361],{"class":136},[39,82536,124],{"class":53},[39,82538,3426],{"class":120},[39,82540,130],{"class":53},[39,82542,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551,82554,82556,82558,82560,82563],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82544,82361],{"class":136},[39,82546,124],{"class":53},[39,82548,3426],{"class":120},[39,82550,61],{"class":53},[39,82552,82553],{"class":49}," *",[39,82555,61],{"class":53},[39,82557,21287],{"class":8893},[39,82559,50],{"class":49},[39,82561,82562],{"class":120},"func",[39,82564,130],{"class":53},[39,82566,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82568,82361],{"class":136},[39,82570,124],{"class":53},[39,82572,3426],{"class":120},[39,82574,61],{"class":53},[39,82576,82553],{"class":49},[39,82578,61],{"class":53},[39,82580,26231],{"class":8893},[39,82582,50],{"class":49},[39,82584,2179],{"class":120},[39,82586,130],{"class":53},[39,82588,82589,82591,82593,82596,82598,82601,82603,82605,82608],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82590,82361],{"class":136},[39,82592,124],{"class":53},[39,82594,82595],{"class":120},"arg1",[39,82597,61],{"class":53},[39,82599,82600],{"class":120}," arg2",[39,82602,61],{"class":53},[39,82604,82553],{"class":49},[39,82606,82607],{"class":120},"args",[39,82609,130],{"class":53},[39,82611,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,82613,82361],{"class":136},[39,82615,124],{"class":53},[39,82617,82595],{"class":120},[39,82619,61],{"class":53},[39,82621,82600],{"class":120},[39,82623,61],{"class":53},[39,82625,82553],{"class":49},[39,82627,82607],{"class":120},[39,82629,61],{"class":53},[39,82631,21287],{"class":8893},[39,82633,50],{"class":49},[39,82635,82562],{"class":120},[39,82637,130],{"class":53},[20,82639,82640],{},"The most important parts are:",[176,82642,82643,82648,82653],{},[179,82644,82645,82647],{},[15,82646,3426],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[179,82649,82650,82652],{},[15,82651,14550],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[179,82654,82655,82658],{},[15,82656,82657],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[160,82660,718,82662,82664],{"id":82661},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82663,82302],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82666,82667],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[30,82669,82671],{"className":32,"code":82670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82672,82673,82699,82715,82719],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82674,82675,82677,82679,82681,82684,82686,82688,82690,82692,82694,82697],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82676,4774],{"class":45},[39,82678,50],{"class":49},[39,82680,3327],{"class":53},[39,82682,82683],{"class":57},"72",[39,82685,61],{"class":53},[39,82687,51228],{"class":57},[39,82689,61],{"class":53},[39,82691,13216],{"class":57},[39,82693,61],{"class":53},[39,82695,82696],{"class":57}," 66",[39,82698,3340],{"class":53},[39,82700,82701,82704,82706,82709,82711,82713],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82702,82703],{"class":45},"highest_score ",[39,82705,50],{"class":49},[39,82707,82708],{"class":136}," max",[39,82710,124],{"class":53},[39,82712,16098],{"class":120},[39,82714,130],{"class":53},[39,82716,82717],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82718,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,82720,82721,82723,82725,82728],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82722,137],{"class":136},[39,82724,124],{"class":53},[39,82726,82727],{"class":120},"highest_score",[39,82729,130],{"class":53},[20,82731,353],{},[30,82733,82735],{"className":32,"code":82734,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"91\n",[15,82736,82737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82738,82739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82740,82734],{"class":57},[20,82742,82743],{},"This works well for:",[176,82745,82746,82749,82752,82755],{},[179,82747,82748],{},"Scores",[179,82750,82751],{},"Prices",[179,82753,82754],{},"Ages",[179,82756,82757],{},"Counts",[20,82759,51798],{},[30,82761,82763],{"className":32,"code":82762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82764,82765,82793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82766,82767,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82781,82783,82786,82788,82791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82768,82769],{"class":45},"prices ",[39,82771,50],{"class":49},[39,82773,3327],{"class":53},[39,82775,40112],{"class":57},[39,82777,61],{"class":53},[39,82779,82780],{"class":57}," 5.50",[39,82782,61],{"class":53},[39,82784,82785],{"class":57}," 12.75",[39,82787,61],{"class":53},[39,82789,82790],{"class":57}," 29.00",[39,82792,3340],{"class":53},[39,82794,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82806],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82796,137],{"class":136},[39,82798,124],{"class":53},[39,82800,82361],{"class":136},[39,82802,124],{"class":53},[39,82804,82805],{"class":120},"prices",[39,82807,486],{"class":53},[20,82809,353],{},[30,82811,82813],{"className":32,"code":82812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"29.0\n",[15,82814,82815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82816,82817],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82818,82812],{"class":57},[20,82820,82821,82822,82824,82825,117],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82823,82302],{}," is simpler than ",[195,82826,82827],{"href":74242},[15,82828,74145],{},[160,82830,718,82832,82834],{"id":82831},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82833,82302],{}," with separate values",[20,82836,82837],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[30,82839,82841],{"className":32,"code":82840,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82842,82843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82844,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82846,137],{"class":136},[39,82848,124],{"class":53},[39,82850,82361],{"class":136},[39,82852,124],{"class":53},[39,82854,2212],{"class":57},[39,82856,61],{"class":53},[39,82858,30651],{"class":57},[39,82860,61],{"class":53},[39,82862,5707],{"class":57},[39,82864,486],{"class":53},[20,82866,353],{},[30,82868,82869],{"className":32,"code":1932,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,82870,82871],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82872,82873],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82874,1932],{"class":57},[20,82876,82877],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82879,82880],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[30,82882,82884],{"className":32,"code":82883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82885,82886,82895,82903,82912,82916,82939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82887,82888,82890,82892],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82889,46],{"class":45},[39,82891,50],{"class":49},[39,82893,82894],{"class":57}," 15\n",[39,82896,82897,82899,82901],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,82898,78],{"class":45},[39,82900,50],{"class":49},[39,82902,2475],{"class":57},[39,82904,82905,82907,82909],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,82906,791],{"class":45},[39,82908,50],{"class":49},[39,82910,82911],{"class":57}," 27\n",[39,82913,82914],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,82915,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,82917,82918,82921,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,82919,82920],{"class":45},"largest ",[39,82922,50],{"class":49},[39,82924,82708],{"class":136},[39,82926,124],{"class":53},[39,82928,195],{"class":120},[39,82930,61],{"class":53},[39,82932,2266],{"class":120},[39,82934,61],{"class":53},[39,82936,833],{"class":120},[39,82938,130],{"class":53},[39,82940,82941,82943,82945,82948],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,82942,137],{"class":136},[39,82944,124],{"class":53},[39,82946,82947],{"class":120},"largest",[39,82949,130],{"class":53},[20,82951,353],{},[30,82953,82954],{"className":32,"code":46328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,82955,82956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82957,82958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82959,46328],{"class":57},[20,82961,82962],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[160,82964,718,82966,46775],{"id":82965},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82967,82302],{},[20,82969,82970,82972],{},[15,82971,82302],{}," can compare strings too.",[30,82974,82976],{"className":32,"code":82975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82977,82978,83010],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82979,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82981,3780],{"class":45},[39,82983,50],{"class":49},[39,82985,3327],{"class":53},[39,82987,562],{"class":517},[39,82989,3789],{"class":521},[39,82991,562],{"class":517},[39,82993,61],{"class":53},[39,82995,572],{"class":517},[39,82997,3798],{"class":521},[39,82999,562],{"class":517},[39,83001,61],{"class":53},[39,83003,572],{"class":517},[39,83005,78465],{"class":521},[39,83007,562],{"class":517},[39,83009,3340],{"class":53},[39,83011,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83013,137],{"class":136},[39,83015,124],{"class":53},[39,83017,82361],{"class":136},[39,83019,124],{"class":53},[39,83021,3824],{"class":120},[39,83023,486],{"class":53},[20,83025,353],{},[30,83027,83028],{"className":32,"code":82467,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,83029,83030],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83031,83032],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83033,82467],{"class":45},[20,83035,83036],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83038,68004],{},[176,83040,83041,83050,83053],{},[179,83042,83043,83046,83047,83049],{},[15,83044,83045],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83048,64995],{}," alphabetically",[179,83051,83052],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[179,83054,83055],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83057,267],{},[30,83059,83061],{"className":32,"code":83060,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83062,83063,83096],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83064,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83066,3780],{"class":45},[39,83068,50],{"class":49},[39,83070,3327],{"class":53},[39,83072,562],{"class":517},[39,83074,3789],{"class":521},[39,83076,562],{"class":517},[39,83078,61],{"class":53},[39,83080,572],{"class":517},[39,83082,83083],{"class":521},"Banana",[39,83085,562],{"class":517},[39,83087,61],{"class":53},[39,83089,572],{"class":517},[39,83091,78465],{"class":521},[39,83093,562],{"class":517},[39,83095,3340],{"class":53},[39,83097,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83099,137],{"class":136},[39,83101,124],{"class":53},[39,83103,82361],{"class":136},[39,83105,124],{"class":53},[39,83107,3824],{"class":120},[39,83109,486],{"class":53},[20,83111,83112],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83114,83115,83116,83118],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83117,14550],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[160,83120,36326,83121,36329],{"id":78423},[15,83122,14550],{},[20,83124,22,83125,83127],{},[15,83126,14550],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83129,83130],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[988,83132,83134],{"id":83133},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[30,83136,83138],{"className":32,"code":83137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83139,83140,83172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83141,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83143,3780],{"class":45},[39,83145,50],{"class":49},[39,83147,3327],{"class":53},[39,83149,562],{"class":517},[39,83151,36761],{"class":521},[39,83153,562],{"class":517},[39,83155,61],{"class":53},[39,83157,572],{"class":517},[39,83159,68047],{"class":521},[39,83161,562],{"class":517},[39,83163,61],{"class":53},[39,83165,572],{"class":517},[39,83167,57846],{"class":521},[39,83169,562],{"class":517},[39,83171,3340],{"class":53},[39,83173,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83175,137],{"class":136},[39,83177,124],{"class":53},[39,83179,82361],{"class":136},[39,83181,124],{"class":53},[39,83183,3824],{"class":120},[39,83185,61],{"class":53},[39,83187,21287],{"class":8893},[39,83189,50],{"class":49},[39,83191,1361],{"class":136},[39,83193,486],{"class":53},[20,83195,353],{},[30,83197,83199],{"className":32,"code":83198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"elephant\n",[15,83200,83201],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83202,83203],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83204,83198],{"class":45},[20,83206,20478,83207,83210],{},[15,83208,83209],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83212,83213,83214,33338,83216,117],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83215,42076],{},[195,83217,83218,5496],{"href":42073},[15,83219,42076],{},[988,83221,83223],{"id":83222},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[30,83225,83227],{"className":32,"code":83226,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83228,83229,83261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83230,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83232,3780],{"class":45},[39,83234,50],{"class":49},[39,83236,3327],{"class":53},[39,83238,562],{"class":517},[39,83240,3789],{"class":521},[39,83242,562],{"class":517},[39,83244,61],{"class":53},[39,83246,572],{"class":517},[39,83248,83083],{"class":521},[39,83250,562],{"class":517},[39,83252,61],{"class":53},[39,83254,572],{"class":517},[39,83256,78465],{"class":521},[39,83258,562],{"class":517},[39,83260,3340],{"class":53},[39,83262,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83264,137],{"class":136},[39,83266,124],{"class":53},[39,83268,82361],{"class":136},[39,83270,124],{"class":53},[39,83272,3824],{"class":120},[39,83274,61],{"class":53},[39,83276,21287],{"class":8893},[39,83278,50],{"class":49},[39,83280,3147],{"class":478},[39,83282,117],{"class":53},[39,83284,8358],{"class":24457},[39,83286,486],{"class":53},[20,83288,353],{},[30,83290,83291],{"className":32,"code":82467,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,83292,83293],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83294,83295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83296,82467],{"class":45},[20,83298,20478,83299,83301],{},[15,83300,78419],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[988,83303,83305],{"id":83304},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83307,83308,83309,1250],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83310,37372],{},[30,83312,83314],{"className":32,"code":83313,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83315,83316,83359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83317,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83337,83339,83341,83343,83346,83348,83350,83352,83355,83357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83319,7494],{"class":45},[39,83321,50],{"class":49},[39,83323,3327],{"class":53},[39,83325,562],{"class":517},[39,83327,195],{"class":521},[39,83329,562],{"class":517},[39,83331,61],{"class":53},[39,83333,572],{"class":517},[39,83335,83336],{"class":521},"bb",[39,83338,562],{"class":517},[39,83340,61],{"class":53},[39,83342,572],{"class":517},[39,83344,83345],{"class":521},"cccc",[39,83347,562],{"class":517},[39,83349,61],{"class":53},[39,83351,572],{"class":517},[39,83353,83354],{"class":521},"ddd",[39,83356,562],{"class":517},[39,83358,3340],{"class":53},[39,83360,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83362,137],{"class":136},[39,83364,124],{"class":53},[39,83366,82361],{"class":136},[39,83368,124],{"class":53},[39,83370,7525],{"class":120},[39,83372,61],{"class":53},[39,83374,21287],{"class":8893},[39,83376,50],{"class":49},[39,83378,37372],{"class":513},[39,83380,42557],{"class":37375},[39,83382,1250],{"class":53},[39,83384,38099],{"class":136},[39,83386,124],{"class":53},[39,83388,34419],{"class":120},[39,83390,2619],{"class":53},[20,83392,353],{},[30,83394,83396],{"className":32,"code":83395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cccc\n",[15,83397,83398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83399,83400],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83401,83395],{"class":45},[20,83403,49267,83404,4104,83406,83408],{},[15,83405,83209],{},[15,83407,78306],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[160,83410,36326,83412,36329],{"id":83411},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83413,82657],{},[20,83415,22,83416,83418],{},[15,83417,82657],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83420,83421],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[30,83423,83425],{"className":32,"code":83424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83426,83427,83435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83428,83429,83431,83433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83430,1379],{"class":45},[39,83432,50],{"class":49},[39,83434,7554],{"class":53},[39,83436,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83438,137],{"class":136},[39,83440,124],{"class":53},[39,83442,82361],{"class":136},[39,83444,124],{"class":53},[39,83446,1457],{"class":120},[39,83448,61],{"class":53},[39,83450,26231],{"class":8893},[39,83452,50],{"class":49},[39,83454,1826],{"class":57},[39,83456,486],{"class":53},[20,83458,353],{},[30,83460,83461],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,83462,83463],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83464,83465],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83466,46968],{"class":57},[20,83468,83469],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83471,83472,83473,83475],{},"Without ",[15,83474,82657],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83477,51798],{},[30,83479,83481],{"className":32,"code":83480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83482,83483,83491,83518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83484,83485,83487,83489],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83486,3780],{"class":45},[39,83488,50],{"class":49},[39,83490,7554],{"class":53},[39,83492,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83514,83516],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83494,109],{"class":45},[39,83496,50],{"class":49},[39,83498,82708],{"class":136},[39,83500,124],{"class":53},[39,83502,3824],{"class":120},[39,83504,61],{"class":53},[39,83506,26231],{"class":8893},[39,83508,50],{"class":49},[39,83510,562],{"class":517},[39,83512,83513],{"class":521},"no words found",[39,83515,562],{"class":517},[39,83517,130],{"class":53},[39,83519,83520,83522,83524,83526],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,83521,137],{"class":136},[39,83523,124],{"class":53},[39,83525,142],{"class":120},[39,83527,130],{"class":53},[20,83529,353],{},[30,83531,83533],{"className":32,"code":83532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"no words found\n",[15,83534,83535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83536,83537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83538,83532],{"class":45},[20,83540,83541],{},"Important:",[176,83543,83544,83552],{},[179,83545,83546,83548,83549],{},[15,83547,82657],{}," works with ",[15,83550,83551],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[179,83553,40620,83554,83556,83557],{},[382,83555,4340],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83558,83559],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[160,83561,47703],{"id":47702},[20,83563,83564,83565,117],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83566,82302],{},[988,83568,83570,83572],{"id":83569},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83571,40418],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83574,83575,83576,45624,83578,117],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83577,82657],{},[15,83579,40418],{},[30,83581,83583],{"className":32,"code":83582,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83584,83585,83593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83586,83587,83589,83591],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83588,1379],{"class":45},[39,83590,50],{"class":49},[39,83592,7554],{"class":53},[39,83594,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83596,137],{"class":136},[39,83598,124],{"class":53},[39,83600,82361],{"class":136},[39,83602,124],{"class":53},[39,83604,1457],{"class":120},[39,83606,486],{"class":53},[20,83608,29390],{},[30,83610,83612],{"className":32,"code":83611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83613,83614],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83615,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83627,83629],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83617,40418],{"class":478},[39,83619,1250],{"class":53},[39,83621,82708],{"class":136},[39,83623,7079],{"class":53},[39,83625,83626],{"class":45}," arg ",[39,83628,11906],{"class":49},[39,83630,83631],{"class":45}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83633,83634,83635,1250],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83636,82657],{},[30,83638,83640],{"className":32,"code":83639,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83641,83642,83650],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83643,83644,83646,83648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83645,1379],{"class":45},[39,83647,50],{"class":49},[39,83649,7554],{"class":53},[39,83651,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83653,137],{"class":136},[39,83655,124],{"class":53},[39,83657,82361],{"class":136},[39,83659,124],{"class":53},[39,83661,1457],{"class":120},[39,83663,61],{"class":53},[39,83665,26231],{"class":8893},[39,83667,50],{"class":49},[39,83669,3484],{"class":3559},[39,83671,486],{"class":53},[20,83673,83674,83675,117],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,83676,65560],{"href":72599},[988,83678,83680,83682],{"id":83679},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83681,2711],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83684,83685,83686,117],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83687,2711],{},[30,83689,83691],{"className":32,"code":83690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83692,83693,83717],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83694,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83696,7494],{"class":45},[39,83698,50],{"class":49},[39,83700,3327],{"class":53},[39,83702,2037],{"class":57},[39,83704,61],{"class":53},[39,83706,572],{"class":517},[39,83708,15463],{"class":521},[39,83710,562],{"class":517},[39,83712,61],{"class":53},[39,83714,7510],{"class":57},[39,83716,3340],{"class":53},[39,83718,83719,83721,83723,83725,83727,83729],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83720,137],{"class":136},[39,83722,124],{"class":53},[39,83724,82361],{"class":136},[39,83726,124],{"class":53},[39,83728,7525],{"class":120},[39,83730,486],{"class":53},[20,83732,83733],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83735,83736],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[30,83738,83740],{"className":32,"code":83739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83741,83742,83762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83743,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83745,7494],{"class":45},[39,83747,50],{"class":49},[39,83749,3327],{"class":53},[39,83751,2037],{"class":57},[39,83753,61],{"class":53},[39,83755,7505],{"class":57},[39,83757,61],{"class":53},[39,83759,7510],{"class":57},[39,83761,3340],{"class":53},[39,83763,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83765,137],{"class":136},[39,83767,124],{"class":53},[39,83769,82361],{"class":136},[39,83771,124],{"class":53},[39,83773,7525],{"class":120},[39,83775,486],{"class":53},[20,83777,83778,83779,117],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[195,83780,83782],{"href":83781},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[988,83784,83786,83788],{"id":83785},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83787,2711],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83790,83791,83793],{},[15,83792,82302],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[30,83795,83797],{"className":32,"code":83796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(max())\n",[15,83798,83799],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83800,83801,83803,83805,83807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83802,137],{"class":136},[39,83804,124],{"class":53},[39,83806,82361],{"class":136},[39,83808,6907],{"class":53},[20,83810,2708,83811,117],{},[15,83812,2711],{},[160,83814,83816,980,83818],{"id":83815},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83817,82302],{},[15,83819,74145],{},[20,83821,83822],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83824,83825,1250],{},[15,83826,82302],{},[176,83828,83829],{},[179,83830,83831],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83833,83834,1250],{},[15,83835,74145],{},[176,83837,83838],{},[179,83839,83840],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83842,267],{},[30,83844,83846],{"className":32,"code":83845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83847,83848,83872,83876,83890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83849,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83851,1379],{"class":45},[39,83853,50],{"class":49},[39,83855,3327],{"class":53},[39,83857,307],{"class":57},[39,83859,61],{"class":53},[39,83861,6073],{"class":57},[39,83863,61],{"class":53},[39,83865,64],{"class":57},[39,83867,61],{"class":53},[39,83869,316],{"class":57},[39,83871,3340],{"class":53},[39,83873,83874],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83875,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,83877,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,83879,137],{"class":136},[39,83881,124],{"class":53},[39,83883,82361],{"class":136},[39,83885,124],{"class":53},[39,83887,1457],{"class":120},[39,83889,486],{"class":53},[39,83891,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900,83902],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,83893,137],{"class":136},[39,83895,124],{"class":53},[39,83897,74235],{"class":136},[39,83899,124],{"class":53},[39,83901,1457],{"class":120},[39,83903,486],{"class":53},[20,83905,353],{},[30,83907,83909],{"className":32,"code":83908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83910,83911,83915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83912,83913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83914,2088],{"class":57},[39,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,83918,3609],{"class":53},[39,83920,85],{"class":57},[39,83922,61],{"class":53},[39,83924,69],{"class":57},[39,83926,61],{"class":53},[39,83928,316],{"class":57},[39,83930,61],{"class":53},[39,83932,6073],{"class":57},[39,83934,3340],{"class":53},[20,83936,154,83937,83939],{},[15,83938,82302],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83941,154,83942,83946],{},[195,83943,83944],{"href":74242},[15,83945,74145],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83948,83949,83950,117],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[195,83951,83953],{"href":83952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83954,83955],{},"min()",[160,83957,2537],{"id":2536},[20,83959,83960],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[176,83962,83963,83970,83973,83978,83981],{},[179,83964,29359,83965,83967,83968],{},[15,83966,82302],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83969,82657],{},[179,83971,83972],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[179,83974,8170,83975,83977],{},[15,83976,82302],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[179,83979,83980],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[179,83982,718,83983,83985],{},[15,83984,82657],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83987,10827],{},[30,83989,83991],{"className":32,"code":83990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83992,83993,84003,84017,84031,84045,84067],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83994,83995,83997,83999,84001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83996,137],{"class":136},[39,83998,124],{"class":53},[39,84000,7525],{"class":120},[39,84002,130],{"class":53},[39,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84006,137],{"class":136},[39,84008,124],{"class":53},[39,84010,479],{"class":478},[39,84012,124],{"class":53},[39,84014,7525],{"class":120},[39,84016,486],{"class":53},[39,84018,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,84020,137],{"class":136},[39,84022,124],{"class":53},[39,84024,1361],{"class":136},[39,84026,124],{"class":53},[39,84028,7525],{"class":120},[39,84030,486],{"class":53},[39,84032,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,84034,137],{"class":136},[39,84036,124],{"class":53},[39,84038,82361],{"class":136},[39,84040,124],{"class":53},[39,84042,7525],{"class":120},[39,84044,486],{"class":53},[39,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,84048,137],{"class":136},[39,84050,124],{"class":53},[39,84052,82361],{"class":136},[39,84054,124],{"class":53},[39,84056,7525],{"class":120},[39,84058,61],{"class":53},[39,84060,26231],{"class":8893},[39,84062,50],{"class":49},[39,84064,3484],{"class":3559},[39,84066,486],{"class":53},[39,84068,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,84070,137],{"class":136},[39,84072,917],{"class":53},[39,84074,479],{"class":478},[39,84076,124],{"class":53},[39,84078,1880],{"class":120},[39,84080,3366],{"class":53},[39,84082,3585],{"class":3584},[39,84084,3588],{"class":120},[39,84086,3591],{"class":3584},[39,84088,5679],{"class":120},[39,84090,3597],{"class":53},[20,84092,84093],{},"These are useful for checking:",[176,84095,84096,84101,84106,84109],{},[179,84097,84098,84099],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84100,7525],{},[179,84102,79472,84103,84105],{},[15,84104,7525],{}," is a list or some other type",[179,84107,84108],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[179,84110,84111],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84113,69068,84114,84117,84118,84120],{},[15,84115,84116],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84119,7525],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[160,84122,1563],{"id":1562},[988,84124,4853,84126,4856],{"id":84125},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84127,82302],{},[20,84129,84130],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[988,84132,1577,84134,84136],{"id":84133},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84135,82302],{}," work with strings?",[20,84138,84139],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[988,84141,71367],{"id":71366},[20,84143,84144,52213,84146,84148,84149,84151],{},[15,84145,82302],{},[15,84147,40418],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84150,82657],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[988,84153,84155,84156,2199],{"id":84154},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84157,82302],{},[20,84159,154,84160,1250],{},[15,84161,83209],{},[30,84163,84164],{"className":32,"code":83137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84165,84166,84198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84167,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194,84196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84169,3780],{"class":45},[39,84171,50],{"class":49},[39,84173,3327],{"class":53},[39,84175,562],{"class":517},[39,84177,36761],{"class":521},[39,84179,562],{"class":517},[39,84181,61],{"class":53},[39,84183,572],{"class":517},[39,84185,68047],{"class":521},[39,84187,562],{"class":517},[39,84189,61],{"class":53},[39,84191,572],{"class":517},[39,84193,57846],{"class":521},[39,84195,562],{"class":517},[39,84197,3340],{"class":53},[39,84199,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84201,137],{"class":136},[39,84203,124],{"class":53},[39,84205,82361],{"class":136},[39,84207,124],{"class":53},[39,84209,3824],{"class":120},[39,84211,61],{"class":53},[39,84213,21287],{"class":8893},[39,84215,50],{"class":49},[39,84217,1361],{"class":136},[39,84219,486],{"class":53},[988,84221,4890,84223,4104,84225,2199],{"id":84222},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84224,82302],{},[15,84226,74145],{},[20,84228,84229,84231,84232,84234],{},[15,84230,82302],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84233,74145],{}," returns all items in order.",[160,84236,1613],{"id":1612},[176,84238,84239,84245,84251,84257,84261,84265],{},[179,84240,84241],{},[195,84242,84243,3213],{"href":83952},[15,84244,83955],{},[179,84246,84247],{},[195,84248,84249,3213],{"href":74242},[15,84250,74145],{},[179,84252,84253],{},[195,84254,84255,3213],{"href":42073},[15,84256,42076],{},[179,84258,84259],{},[195,84260,58675],{"href":58674},[179,84262,84263],{},[195,84264,65560],{"href":72599},[179,84266,84267],{},[195,84268,83782],{"href":83781},[1642,84270,84271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":84273},[84274,84275,84277,84278,84280,84282,84284,84289,84291,84299,84301,84302,84313],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":82492,"depth":75,"text":84276},"What max() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":82661,"depth":75,"text":84279},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82831,"depth":75,"text":84281},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82965,"depth":75,"text":84283},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78423,"depth":75,"text":79621,"children":84285},[84286,84287,84288],{"id":83133,"depth":99,"text":83134},{"id":83222,"depth":99,"text":83223},{"id":83304,"depth":99,"text":83305},{"id":83411,"depth":75,"text":84290},"Using the default argument",{"id":47702,"depth":75,"text":47703,"children":84292},[84293,84295,84297],{"id":83569,"depth":99,"text":84294},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83679,"depth":99,"text":84296},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83785,"depth":99,"text":84298},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83815,"depth":75,"text":84300},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":84303},[84304,84306,84308,84309,84311],{"id":84125,"depth":99,"text":84305},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84133,"depth":99,"text":84307},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71366,"depth":99,"text":71367},{"id":84154,"depth":99,"text":84310},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84222,"depth":99,"text":84312},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82294,"description":84314},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84321,"title":84322,"body":84323,"description":86276,"extension":1670,"meta":86277,"navigation":102,"path":86278,"seo":86279,"stem":86280,"__hash__":86281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84324,"toc":86233},[84325,84330,84335,84341,84343,84417,84419,84432,84437,84442,84458,84462,84467,84543,84549,84552,84595,84597,84605,84611,84614,84645,84647,84655,84661,84666,84725,84727,84736,84739,84749,84755,84760,84795,84797,84805,84811,84817,84822,84866,84868,84877,84880,84920,84922,84931,84934,84946,84951,84956,85007,85009,85018,85021,85072,85074,85083,85086,85093,85099,85104,85106,85121,85125,85185,85187,85196,85200,85372,85374,85411,85418,85424,85427,85454,85456,85477,85482,85517,85519,85527,85530,85532,85548,85553,85555,85559,85565,85569,85596,85599,85609,85649,85653,85656,85699,85701,85710,85713,85718,85787,85789,85797,85802,85806,85809,85860,85862,85870,85873,85936,85938,85946,85949,85954,85958,85971,85978,85986,85988,85990,86020,86026,86127,86137,86139,86144,86147,86152,86155,86157,86165,86173,86181,86188,86196,86198,86230],[10,84326,13,84328,3283],{"id":84327},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84329,83955],{},[20,84331,84332,84334],{},[15,84333,83955],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84336,84337,84338,84340],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84339,83955],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[160,84342,1711],{"id":1710},[30,84344,84346],{"className":32,"code":84345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84347,84348,84372,84387,84391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84349,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84351,1379],{"class":45},[39,84353,50],{"class":49},[39,84355,3327],{"class":53},[39,84357,1843],{"class":57},[39,84359,61],{"class":53},[39,84361,64],{"class":57},[39,84363,61],{"class":53},[39,84365,53855],{"class":57},[39,84367,61],{"class":53},[39,84369,5210],{"class":57},[39,84371,3340],{"class":53},[39,84373,84374,84376,84378,84381,84383,84385],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84375,137],{"class":136},[39,84377,124],{"class":53},[39,84379,84380],{"class":136},"min",[39,84382,124],{"class":53},[39,84384,1457],{"class":120},[39,84386,486],{"class":53},[39,84388,84389],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,84390,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,84392,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,84394,137],{"class":136},[39,84396,124],{"class":53},[39,84398,84380],{"class":136},[39,84400,124],{"class":53},[39,84402,1843],{"class":57},[39,84404,61],{"class":53},[39,84406,64],{"class":57},[39,84408,61],{"class":53},[39,84410,53855],{"class":57},[39,84412,61],{"class":53},[39,84414,5210],{"class":57},[39,84416,486],{"class":53},[20,84418,353],{},[30,84420,84422],{"className":32,"code":84421,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n1\n",[15,84423,84424,84428],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84425,84426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84427,46633],{"class":57},[39,84429,84430],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84431,46633],{"class":57},[20,84433,154,84434,84436],{},[15,84435,83955],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[160,84438,3383,84440,3386],{"id":84439},"what-min-does",[15,84441,83955],{},[176,84443,84444,84449,84452,84455],{},[179,84445,84446,84448],{},[15,84447,83955],{}," returns the smallest item",[179,84450,84451],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[179,84453,84454],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[179,84456,84457],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[160,84459,84461],{"id":84460},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84463,84464,84465,1250],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84466,83955],{},[30,84468,84470],{"className":32,"code":84469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84471,84472,84482,84507,84525],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84473,84474,84476,84478,84480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84475,84380],{"class":136},[39,84477,124],{"class":53},[39,84479,3426],{"class":120},[39,84481,130],{"class":53},[39,84483,84484,84486,84488,84491,84493,84496,84498,84501,84503,84505],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84485,84380],{"class":136},[39,84487,124],{"class":53},[39,84489,84490],{"class":120},"value1",[39,84492,61],{"class":53},[39,84494,84495],{"class":120}," value2",[39,84497,61],{"class":53},[39,84499,84500],{"class":120}," value3",[39,84502,61],{"class":53},[39,84504,34164],{"class":136},[39,84506,130],{"class":53},[39,84508,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,84510,84380],{"class":136},[39,84512,124],{"class":53},[39,84514,3426],{"class":120},[39,84516,61],{"class":53},[39,84518,21287],{"class":8893},[39,84520,50],{"class":49},[39,84522,37084],{"class":136},[39,84524,130],{"class":53},[39,84526,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,84528,84380],{"class":136},[39,84530,124],{"class":53},[39,84532,3426],{"class":120},[39,84534,61],{"class":53},[39,84536,26231],{"class":8893},[39,84538,50],{"class":49},[39,84540,37084],{"class":136},[39,84542,130],{"class":53},[988,84544,84546],{"id":84545},"miniterable",[15,84547,84548],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84550,84551],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[30,84553,84555],{"className":32,"code":84554,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84556,84557,84581],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84558,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84560,1379],{"class":45},[39,84562,50],{"class":49},[39,84564,3327],{"class":53},[39,84566,2052],{"class":57},[39,84568,61],{"class":53},[39,84570,69],{"class":57},[39,84572,61],{"class":53},[39,84574,30651],{"class":57},[39,84576,61],{"class":53},[39,84578,5210],{"class":57},[39,84580,3340],{"class":53},[39,84582,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84584,137],{"class":136},[39,84586,124],{"class":53},[39,84588,84380],{"class":136},[39,84590,124],{"class":53},[39,84592,1457],{"class":120},[39,84594,486],{"class":53},[20,84596,353],{},[30,84598,84599],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84600,84601],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84602,84603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84604,46633],{"class":57},[988,84606,84608],{"id":84607},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84609,84610],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84612,84613],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[30,84615,84617],{"className":32,"code":84616,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84618,84619],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84620,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84622,137],{"class":136},[39,84624,124],{"class":53},[39,84626,84380],{"class":136},[39,84628,124],{"class":53},[39,84630,2052],{"class":57},[39,84632,61],{"class":53},[39,84634,69],{"class":57},[39,84636,61],{"class":53},[39,84638,30651],{"class":57},[39,84640,61],{"class":53},[39,84642,5210],{"class":57},[39,84644,486],{"class":53},[20,84646,353],{},[30,84648,84649],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84650,84651],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84652,84653],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84654,46633],{"class":57},[988,84656,84658],{"id":84657},"miniterable-key",[15,84659,84660],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84662,154,84663,84665],{},[15,84664,14550],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[30,84667,84669],{"className":32,"code":84668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84670,84671,84703],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84674,3780],{"class":45},[39,84676,50],{"class":49},[39,84678,3327],{"class":53},[39,84680,562],{"class":517},[39,84682,78465],{"class":521},[39,84684,562],{"class":517},[39,84686,61],{"class":53},[39,84688,572],{"class":517},[39,84690,38054],{"class":521},[39,84692,562],{"class":517},[39,84694,61],{"class":53},[39,84696,572],{"class":517},[39,84698,3798],{"class":521},[39,84700,562],{"class":517},[39,84702,3340],{"class":53},[39,84704,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84706,137],{"class":136},[39,84708,124],{"class":53},[39,84710,84380],{"class":136},[39,84712,124],{"class":53},[39,84714,3824],{"class":120},[39,84716,61],{"class":53},[39,84718,21287],{"class":8893},[39,84720,50],{"class":49},[39,84722,1361],{"class":136},[39,84724,486],{"class":53},[20,84726,353],{},[30,84728,84730],{"className":32,"code":84729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"kiwi\n",[15,84731,84732],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84733,84734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84735,84729],{"class":45},[20,84737,84738],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84740,84741,84742,84744,84745,117],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84743,42076],{},", see the ",[195,84746,84747,3213],{"href":42073},[15,84748,42076],{},[988,84750,84752],{"id":84751},"miniterable-default",[15,84753,84754],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84756,154,84757,84759],{},[15,84758,82657],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[30,84761,84763],{"className":32,"code":84762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84764,84765,84773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84766,84767,84769,84771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84768,1379],{"class":45},[39,84770,50],{"class":49},[39,84772,7554],{"class":53},[39,84774,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84776,137],{"class":136},[39,84778,124],{"class":53},[39,84780,84380],{"class":136},[39,84782,124],{"class":53},[39,84784,1457],{"class":120},[39,84786,61],{"class":53},[39,84788,26231],{"class":8893},[39,84790,50],{"class":49},[39,84792,1826],{"class":57},[39,84794,486],{"class":53},[20,84796,353],{},[30,84798,84799],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84800,84801],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84802,84803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84804,46968],{"class":57},[20,84806,84807,84808,84810],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84809,40418],{}," when there is no item to return.",[160,84812,718,84814,84816],{"id":84813},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84815,83955],{}," with numbers",[20,84818,84819,84821],{},[15,84820,83955],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[30,84823,84825],{"className":32,"code":84824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84826,84827,84852],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84828,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84830,4774],{"class":45},[39,84832,50],{"class":49},[39,84834,3327],{"class":53},[39,84836,51223],{"class":57},[39,84838,61],{"class":53},[39,84840,84841],{"class":57}," 72",[39,84843,61],{"class":53},[39,84845,28615],{"class":57},[39,84847,61],{"class":53},[39,84849,75821],{"class":57},[39,84851,3340],{"class":53},[39,84853,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84855,137],{"class":136},[39,84857,124],{"class":53},[39,84859,84380],{"class":136},[39,84861,124],{"class":53},[39,84863,16098],{"class":120},[39,84865,486],{"class":53},[20,84867,353],{},[30,84869,84871],{"className":32,"code":84870,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"60\n",[15,84872,84873],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84874,84875],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84876,84870],{"class":57},[20,84878,84879],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[30,84881,84883],{"className":32,"code":84882,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84884,84885,84906],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84886,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84900,84902,84904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84888,82769],{"class":45},[39,84890,50],{"class":49},[39,84892,3327],{"class":53},[39,84894,40112],{"class":57},[39,84896,61],{"class":53},[39,84898,84899],{"class":57}," 5.49",[39,84901,61],{"class":53},[39,84903,82785],{"class":57},[39,84905,3340],{"class":53},[39,84907,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84909,137],{"class":136},[39,84911,124],{"class":53},[39,84913,84380],{"class":136},[39,84915,124],{"class":53},[39,84917,82805],{"class":120},[39,84919,486],{"class":53},[20,84921,353],{},[30,84923,84925],{"className":32,"code":84924,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.49\n",[15,84926,84927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84928,84929],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84930,84924],{"class":57},[20,84932,84933],{},"This is useful for things like:",[176,84935,84936,84938,84940,84943],{},[179,84937,16098],{},[179,84939,82805],{},[179,84941,84942],{},"measurements",[179,84944,84945],{},"ages",[160,84947,718,84949,46775],{"id":84948},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84950,83955],{},[20,84952,84953,84955],{},[15,84954,83955],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[30,84957,84959],{"className":32,"code":84958,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84960,84961,84993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84962,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84964,3780],{"class":45},[39,84966,50],{"class":49},[39,84968,3327],{"class":53},[39,84970,562],{"class":517},[39,84972,3798],{"class":521},[39,84974,562],{"class":517},[39,84976,61],{"class":53},[39,84978,572],{"class":517},[39,84980,3789],{"class":521},[39,84982,562],{"class":517},[39,84984,61],{"class":53},[39,84986,572],{"class":517},[39,84988,3807],{"class":521},[39,84990,562],{"class":517},[39,84992,3340],{"class":53},[39,84994,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,84996,137],{"class":136},[39,84998,124],{"class":53},[39,85000,84380],{"class":136},[39,85002,124],{"class":53},[39,85004,3824],{"class":120},[39,85006,486],{"class":53},[20,85008,353],{},[30,85010,85012],{"className":32,"code":85011,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apple\n",[15,85013,85014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85015,85016],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85017,85011],{"class":45},[20,85019,85020],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[30,85022,85024],{"className":32,"code":85023,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85025,85026,85058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85027,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85029,3780],{"class":45},[39,85031,50],{"class":49},[39,85033,3327],{"class":53},[39,85035,562],{"class":517},[39,85037,3798],{"class":521},[39,85039,562],{"class":517},[39,85041,61],{"class":53},[39,85043,572],{"class":517},[39,85045,57487],{"class":521},[39,85047,562],{"class":517},[39,85049,61],{"class":53},[39,85051,572],{"class":517},[39,85053,3807],{"class":521},[39,85055,562],{"class":517},[39,85057,3340],{"class":53},[39,85059,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85061,137],{"class":136},[39,85063,124],{"class":53},[39,85065,84380],{"class":136},[39,85067,124],{"class":53},[39,85069,3824],{"class":120},[39,85071,486],{"class":53},[20,85073,353],{},[30,85075,85077],{"className":32,"code":85076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Apple\n",[15,85078,85079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85080,85081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85082,85076],{"class":45},[20,85084,85085],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85087,85088,85089,117],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[195,85090,85091,5496],{"href":74242},[15,85092,74145],{},[160,85094,718,85096,85098],{"id":85095},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85097,83955],{}," with a key function",[20,85100,22,85101,85103],{},[15,85102,14550],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85105,11172],{},[176,85107,85108,85113,85118],{},[179,85109,85110,85112],{},[15,85111,14550],{}," changes the comparison rule",[179,85114,85115,85117],{},[15,85116,83955],{}," still returns the original item",[179,85119,85120],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[988,85122,85124],{"id":85123},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[30,85126,85128],{"className":32,"code":85127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85129,85130,85163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85131,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85159,85161],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85133,3780],{"class":45},[39,85135,50],{"class":49},[39,85137,3327],{"class":53},[39,85139,562],{"class":517},[39,85141,68047],{"class":521},[39,85143,562],{"class":517},[39,85145,61],{"class":53},[39,85147,572],{"class":517},[39,85149,36761],{"class":521},[39,85151,562],{"class":517},[39,85153,61],{"class":53},[39,85155,572],{"class":517},[39,85157,85158],{"class":521},"giraffe",[39,85160,562],{"class":517},[39,85162,3340],{"class":53},[39,85164,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85166,137],{"class":136},[39,85168,124],{"class":53},[39,85170,84380],{"class":136},[39,85172,124],{"class":53},[39,85174,3824],{"class":120},[39,85176,61],{"class":53},[39,85178,21287],{"class":8893},[39,85180,50],{"class":49},[39,85182,1361],{"class":136},[39,85184,486],{"class":53},[20,85186,353],{},[30,85188,85190],{"className":32,"code":85189,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cat\n",[15,85191,85192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85193,85194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85195,85189],{"class":45},[988,85197,85199],{"id":85198},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[30,85201,85203],{"className":32,"code":85202,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85204,85205,85215,85250,85282,85314,85318,85322,85361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85206,85207,85210,85212],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85208,85209],{"class":45},"students ",[39,85211,50],{"class":49},[39,85213,85214],{"class":53}," [\n",[39,85216,85217,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85241,85243,85245,85247],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85218,85219],{"class":53},"    {",[39,85221,562],{"class":517},[39,85223,7382],{"class":521},[39,85225,562],{"class":517},[39,85227,1250],{"class":53},[39,85229,572],{"class":517},[39,85231,12593],{"class":521},[39,85233,562],{"class":517},[39,85235,61],{"class":53},[39,85237,572],{"class":517},[39,85239,85240],{"class":521},"score",[39,85242,562],{"class":517},[39,85244,1250],{"class":53},[39,85246,13216],{"class":57},[39,85248,85249],{"class":53},"},\n",[39,85251,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,85253,85219],{"class":53},[39,85255,562],{"class":517},[39,85257,7382],{"class":521},[39,85259,562],{"class":517},[39,85261,1250],{"class":53},[39,85263,572],{"class":517},[39,85265,35653],{"class":521},[39,85267,562],{"class":517},[39,85269,61],{"class":53},[39,85271,572],{"class":517},[39,85273,85240],{"class":521},[39,85275,562],{"class":517},[39,85277,1250],{"class":53},[39,85279,84841],{"class":57},[39,85281,85249],{"class":53},[39,85283,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,85285,85219],{"class":53},[39,85287,562],{"class":517},[39,85289,7382],{"class":521},[39,85291,562],{"class":517},[39,85293,1250],{"class":53},[39,85295,572],{"class":517},[39,85297,35662],{"class":521},[39,85299,562],{"class":517},[39,85301,61],{"class":53},[39,85303,572],{"class":517},[39,85305,85240],{"class":521},[39,85307,562],{"class":517},[39,85309,1250],{"class":53},[39,85311,19605],{"class":57},[39,85313,72],{"class":53},[39,85315,85316],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,85317,3340],{"class":53},[39,85319,85320],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,85321,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,85323,85324,85327,85329,85332,85334,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,85325,85326],{"class":45},"lowest ",[39,85328,50],{"class":49},[39,85330,85331],{"class":136}," min",[39,85333,124],{"class":53},[39,85335,85336],{"class":120},"students",[39,85338,61],{"class":53},[39,85340,21287],{"class":8893},[39,85342,50],{"class":49},[39,85344,37372],{"class":513},[39,85346,12619],{"class":37375},[39,85348,1250],{"class":53},[39,85350,12619],{"class":120},[39,85352,3609],{"class":53},[39,85354,562],{"class":517},[39,85356,85240],{"class":521},[39,85358,562],{"class":517},[39,85360,3597],{"class":53},[39,85362,85363,85365,85367,85370],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,85364,137],{"class":136},[39,85366,124],{"class":53},[39,85368,85369],{"class":120},"lowest",[39,85371,130],{"class":53},[20,85373,353],{},[30,85375,85377],{"className":32,"code":85376,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85378,85379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85380,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85382,363],{"class":53},[39,85384,524],{"class":517},[39,85386,7382],{"class":521},[39,85388,524],{"class":517},[39,85390,1250],{"class":53},[39,85392,518],{"class":517},[39,85394,35653],{"class":521},[39,85396,524],{"class":517},[39,85398,61],{"class":53},[39,85400,518],{"class":517},[39,85402,85240],{"class":521},[39,85404,524],{"class":517},[39,85406,1250],{"class":53},[39,85408,84841],{"class":57},[39,85410,72],{"class":53},[20,85412,85413,85414,85417],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85415,85416],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[160,85419,718,85421,85423],{"id":85420},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85422,82657],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85425,85426],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[30,85428,85430],{"className":32,"code":85429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85431,85432,85440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85433,85434,85436,85438],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85435,1379],{"class":45},[39,85437,50],{"class":49},[39,85439,7554],{"class":53},[39,85441,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85443,137],{"class":136},[39,85445,124],{"class":53},[39,85447,84380],{"class":136},[39,85449,124],{"class":53},[39,85451,1457],{"class":120},[39,85453,486],{"class":53},[20,85455,353],{},[30,85457,85459],{"className":32,"code":85458,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85460,85461],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85462,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85464,40418],{"class":478},[39,85466,1250],{"class":53},[39,85468,85331],{"class":136},[39,85470,7079],{"class":53},[39,85472,83626],{"class":45},[39,85474,11906],{"class":49},[39,85476,83631],{"class":45},[20,85478,85479,85480,1250],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85481,82657],{},[30,85483,85485],{"className":32,"code":85484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85486,85487,85495],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85488,85489,85491,85493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85490,1379],{"class":45},[39,85492,50],{"class":49},[39,85494,7554],{"class":53},[39,85496,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85498,137],{"class":136},[39,85500,124],{"class":53},[39,85502,84380],{"class":136},[39,85504,124],{"class":53},[39,85506,1457],{"class":120},[39,85508,61],{"class":53},[39,85510,26231],{"class":8893},[39,85512,50],{"class":49},[39,85514,3484],{"class":3559},[39,85516,486],{"class":53},[20,85518,353],{},[30,85520,85521],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85522,85523],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85524,85525],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85526,11520],{"class":3559},[20,85528,85529],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85531,530],{},[176,85533,85534,85542],{},[179,85535,85536,85538,85539,85541],{},[15,85537,82657],{}," works only when ",[15,85540,83955],{}," gets one iterable argument",[179,85543,85544,85545],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85546,85547],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85549,85550,85551,117],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[195,85552,65560],{"href":72599},[160,85554,10458],{"id":10457},[20,85556,56495,85557,117],{},[15,85558,83955],{},[988,85560,85562,85563],{"id":85561},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85564,82657],{},[20,85566,2708,85567,1250],{},[15,85568,40418],{},[30,85570,85572],{"className":32,"code":85571,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85573,85574,85582],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85575,85576,85578,85580],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85577,7494],{"class":45},[39,85579,50],{"class":49},[39,85581,7554],{"class":53},[39,85583,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85585,137],{"class":136},[39,85587,124],{"class":53},[39,85589,84380],{"class":136},[39,85591,124],{"class":53},[39,85593,7525],{"class":120},[39,85595,486],{"class":53},[20,85597,85598],{},"Fix it by:",[176,85600,85601,85604],{},[179,85602,85603],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[179,85605,85606,85607],{},"or using ",[15,85608,82657],{},[30,85610,85612],{"className":32,"code":85611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85613,85614,85622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85615,85616,85618,85620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85617,7494],{"class":45},[39,85619,50],{"class":49},[39,85621,7554],{"class":53},[39,85623,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85645,85647],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85625,137],{"class":136},[39,85627,124],{"class":53},[39,85629,84380],{"class":136},[39,85631,124],{"class":53},[39,85633,7525],{"class":120},[39,85635,61],{"class":53},[39,85637,26231],{"class":8893},[39,85639,50],{"class":49},[39,85641,562],{"class":517},[39,85643,85644],{"class":521},"no items",[39,85646,562],{"class":517},[39,85648,486],{"class":53},[988,85650,85652],{"id":85651},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85654,85655],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[30,85657,85659],{"className":32,"code":85658,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85660,85661,85685],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85662,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85664,8883],{"class":45},[39,85666,50],{"class":49},[39,85668,3327],{"class":53},[39,85670,2037],{"class":57},[39,85672,61],{"class":53},[39,85674,572],{"class":517},[39,85676,15463],{"class":521},[39,85678,562],{"class":517},[39,85680,61],{"class":53},[39,85682,316],{"class":57},[39,85684,3340],{"class":53},[39,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85688,137],{"class":136},[39,85690,124],{"class":53},[39,85692,84380],{"class":136},[39,85694,124],{"class":53},[39,85696,8922],{"class":120},[39,85698,486],{"class":53},[20,85700,353],{},[30,85702,85704],{"className":32,"code":85703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError\n",[15,85705,85706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85707,85708],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85709,85703],{"class":478},[20,85711,85712],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85714,85715,85716,117],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85717,83955],{},[30,85719,85721],{"className":32,"code":85720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85722,85723,85747,85773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85724,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85726,8883],{"class":45},[39,85728,50],{"class":49},[39,85730,3327],{"class":53},[39,85732,2037],{"class":57},[39,85734,61],{"class":53},[39,85736,572],{"class":517},[39,85738,15463],{"class":521},[39,85740,562],{"class":517},[39,85742,61],{"class":53},[39,85744,316],{"class":57},[39,85746,3340],{"class":53},[39,85748,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85750,1379],{"class":45},[39,85752,50],{"class":49},[39,85754,3327],{"class":53},[39,85756,1895],{"class":478},[39,85758,124],{"class":53},[39,85760,1880],{"class":120},[39,85762,3366],{"class":53},[39,85764,3585],{"class":3584},[39,85766,3588],{"class":45},[39,85768,3591],{"class":3584},[39,85770,14276],{"class":45},[39,85772,3340],{"class":53},[39,85774,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,85776,137],{"class":136},[39,85778,124],{"class":53},[39,85780,84380],{"class":136},[39,85782,124],{"class":53},[39,85784,1457],{"class":120},[39,85786,486],{"class":53},[20,85788,353],{},[30,85790,85791],{"className":32,"code":2654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85792,85793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85794,85795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85796,2654],{"class":57},[20,85798,85799,85800,117],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85801,2711],{},[988,85803,85805],{"id":85804},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85807,85808],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[30,85810,85812],{"className":32,"code":85811,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85813,85814,85846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85815,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85817,3780],{"class":45},[39,85819,50],{"class":49},[39,85821,3327],{"class":53},[39,85823,562],{"class":517},[39,85825,79281],{"class":521},[39,85827,562],{"class":517},[39,85829,61],{"class":53},[39,85831,572],{"class":517},[39,85833,57487],{"class":521},[39,85835,562],{"class":517},[39,85837,61],{"class":53},[39,85839,572],{"class":517},[39,85841,79298],{"class":521},[39,85843,562],{"class":517},[39,85845,3340],{"class":53},[39,85847,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85849,137],{"class":136},[39,85851,124],{"class":53},[39,85853,84380],{"class":136},[39,85855,124],{"class":53},[39,85857,3824],{"class":120},[39,85859,486],{"class":53},[20,85861,353],{},[30,85863,85864],{"className":32,"code":85076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85865,85866],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85867,85868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85869,85076],{"class":45},[20,85871,85872],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[30,85874,85876],{"className":32,"code":85875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85877,85878,85910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85879,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85881,3780],{"class":45},[39,85883,50],{"class":49},[39,85885,3327],{"class":53},[39,85887,562],{"class":517},[39,85889,79281],{"class":521},[39,85891,562],{"class":517},[39,85893,61],{"class":53},[39,85895,572],{"class":517},[39,85897,57487],{"class":521},[39,85899,562],{"class":517},[39,85901,61],{"class":53},[39,85903,572],{"class":517},[39,85905,79298],{"class":521},[39,85907,562],{"class":517},[39,85909,3340],{"class":53},[39,85911,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,85913,137],{"class":136},[39,85915,124],{"class":53},[39,85917,84380],{"class":136},[39,85919,124],{"class":53},[39,85921,3824],{"class":120},[39,85923,61],{"class":53},[39,85925,21287],{"class":8893},[39,85927,50],{"class":49},[39,85929,3147],{"class":478},[39,85931,117],{"class":53},[39,85933,8358],{"class":24457},[39,85935,486],{"class":53},[20,85937,353],{},[30,85939,85940],{"className":32,"code":85076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85941,85942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85943,85944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85945,85076],{"class":45},[20,85947,85948],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[160,85950,4671,85952],{"id":85951},"when-to-use-min",[15,85953,83955],{},[20,85955,154,85956,10315],{},[15,85957,83955],{},[176,85959,85960,85963,85968],{},[179,85961,85962],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[179,85964,85965,85966],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85967,14550],{},[179,85969,85970],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85972,154,85973,85977],{},[195,85974,85975],{"href":74242},[15,85976,74145],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85979,154,85980,85985],{},[195,85981,85983],{"href":85982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85984,82302],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[160,85987,2537],{"id":2536},[20,85989,83960],{},[176,85991,85992,86000,86003,86008,86015],{},[179,85993,85994,85995,85997,85998],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85996,83955],{}," without using ",[15,85999,82657],{},[179,86001,86002],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[179,86004,8170,86005,86007],{},[15,86006,83955],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[179,86009,4414,86010,86012,86013,85117],{},[15,86011,14550],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86014,83955],{},[179,86016,718,86017,86019],{},[15,86018,82657],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86021,86022,86023,86025],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86024,83955],{},", these quick checks can help:",[30,86027,86029],{"className":32,"code":86028,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86030,86031,86045,86055,86069,86083,86105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86032,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86034,137],{"class":136},[39,86036,124],{"class":53},[39,86038,479],{"class":478},[39,86040,124],{"class":53},[39,86042,8922],{"class":120},[39,86044,486],{"class":53},[39,86046,86047,86049,86051,86053],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86048,137],{"class":136},[39,86050,124],{"class":53},[39,86052,8922],{"class":120},[39,86054,130],{"class":53},[39,86056,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86058,137],{"class":136},[39,86060,124],{"class":53},[39,86062,1361],{"class":136},[39,86064,124],{"class":53},[39,86066,8922],{"class":120},[39,86068,486],{"class":53},[39,86070,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,86072,137],{"class":136},[39,86074,124],{"class":53},[39,86076,84380],{"class":136},[39,86078,124],{"class":53},[39,86080,8922],{"class":120},[39,86082,486],{"class":53},[39,86084,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,86086,137],{"class":136},[39,86088,124],{"class":53},[39,86090,84380],{"class":136},[39,86092,124],{"class":53},[39,86094,8922],{"class":120},[39,86096,61],{"class":53},[39,86098,26231],{"class":8893},[39,86100,50],{"class":49},[39,86102,3484],{"class":3559},[39,86104,486],{"class":53},[39,86106,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,86108,137],{"class":136},[39,86110,124],{"class":53},[39,86112,84380],{"class":136},[39,86114,124],{"class":53},[39,86116,3824],{"class":120},[39,86118,61],{"class":53},[39,86120,21287],{"class":8893},[39,86122,50],{"class":49},[39,86124,1361],{"class":136},[39,86126,486],{"class":53},[20,86128,86129,86130,86133,86134,86136],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86131,86132],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86135,8922],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[160,86138,1563],{"id":1562},[988,86140,4853,86142,4856],{"id":86141},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86143,83955],{},[20,86145,86146],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[988,86148,1577,86150,84136],{"id":86149},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86151,83955],{},[20,86153,86154],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[988,86156,71367],{"id":71366},[20,86158,86159,52213,86161,84148,86163,36335],{},[15,86160,83955],{},[15,86162,40418],{},[15,86164,82657],{},[988,86166,4853,86168,86170,86171,2199],{"id":86167},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86169,14550],{}," do in ",[15,86172,83955],{},[20,86174,86175,86177,86178,86180],{},[15,86176,14550],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86179,83209],{}," compares strings by length.",[988,86182,4890,86184,4104,86186,2199],{"id":86183},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86185,83955],{},[15,86187,74145],{},[20,86189,86190,86192,86193,86195],{},[15,86191,83955],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86194,74145],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[160,86197,1613],{"id":1612},[176,86199,86200,86206,86212,86218,86222,86226],{},[179,86201,86202],{},[195,86203,86204,3213],{"href":85982},[15,86205,82302],{},[179,86207,86208],{},[195,86209,86210,3213],{"href":74242},[15,86211,74145],{},[179,86213,86214],{},[195,86215,86216,3213],{"href":42073},[15,86217,42076],{},[179,86219,86220],{},[195,86221,79594],{"href":78097},[179,86223,86224],{},[195,86225,58675],{"href":58674},[179,86227,86228],{},[195,86229,65560],{"href":72599},[1642,86231,86232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":86234},[86235,86236,86238,86244,86246,86248,86253,86255,86261,86263,86264,86275],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":84439,"depth":75,"text":86237},"What min() does",{"id":84460,"depth":75,"text":84461,"children":86239},[86240,86241,86242,86243],{"id":84545,"depth":99,"text":84548},{"id":84607,"depth":99,"text":84610},{"id":84657,"depth":99,"text":84660},{"id":84751,"depth":99,"text":84754},{"id":84813,"depth":75,"text":86245},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84948,"depth":75,"text":86247},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85095,"depth":75,"text":86249,"children":86250},"Using min() with a key function",[86251,86252],{"id":85123,"depth":99,"text":85124},{"id":85198,"depth":99,"text":85199},{"id":85420,"depth":75,"text":86254},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10457,"depth":75,"text":10458,"children":86256},[86257,86259,86260],{"id":85561,"depth":99,"text":86258},"Empty list without default",{"id":85651,"depth":99,"text":85652},{"id":85804,"depth":99,"text":85805},{"id":85951,"depth":75,"text":86262},"When to use min()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":86265},[86266,86268,86270,86271,86273],{"id":86141,"depth":99,"text":86267},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86149,"depth":99,"text":86269},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71366,"depth":99,"text":71367},{"id":86167,"depth":99,"text":86272},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86183,"depth":99,"text":86274},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84322,"description":86276},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86283,"title":86284,"body":86285,"description":88464,"extension":1670,"meta":88465,"navigation":102,"path":88466,"seo":88467,"stem":88468,"__hash__":88469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86286,"toc":88428},[86287,86290,86296,86302,86304,86385,86394,86398,86403,86405,86450,86452,86532,86538,86540,86543,86575,86577,86595,86597,86670,86672,86691,86695,86698,86734,86736,86803,86877,86950,86955,86959,86965,86968,86985,86988,86990,87051,87053,87073,87079,87083,87086,87156,87159,87178,87183,87259,87262,87266,87272,87276,87281,87351,87355,87360,87434,87438,87441,87516,87527,87531,87536,87626,87631,87699,87702,87721,87732,87736,87739,87744,87747,87809,87812,87823,87828,87831,87834,87839,87842,87845,87849,87852,87858,87861,87872,87874,87936,87951,87957,87960,87963,87974,87985,87991,87994,87996,88058,88068,88074,88079,88085,88089,88095,88098,88119,88121,88126,88153,88156,88183,88186,88225,88228,88266,88269,88330,88333,88335,88339,88342,88346,88352,88360,88368,88372,88375,88379,88385,88387,88425],[10,86288,86284],{"id":86289},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86291,86292,86295],{},[15,86293,86294],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86297,86298,86299,86301],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86300,86294],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[160,86303,1711],{"id":1710},[30,86305,86307],{"className":32,"code":86306,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86308,86309,86358,86374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86310,86311,86314,86317,86319,86321,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86339,86341,86343,86346,86348,86350,86352,86356],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86312,86313],{"class":3584},"with",[39,86315,86316],{"class":136}," open",[39,86318,124],{"class":53},[39,86320,562],{"class":517},[39,86322,86323],{"class":521},"example.txt",[39,86325,562],{"class":517},[39,86327,61],{"class":53},[39,86329,572],{"class":517},[39,86331,60225],{"class":521},[39,86333,562],{"class":517},[39,86335,61],{"class":53},[39,86337,86338],{"class":8893}," encoding",[39,86340,50],{"class":49},[39,86342,562],{"class":517},[39,86344,86345],{"class":521},"utf-8",[39,86347,562],{"class":517},[39,86349,3366],{"class":53},[39,86351,47074],{"class":3584},[39,86353,86355],{"class":86354},"sMMDD"," file",[39,86357,6107],{"class":53},[39,86359,86360,86363,86365,86367,86369,86372],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86361,86362],{"class":45},"    content ",[39,86364,50],{"class":49},[39,86366,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86368,117],{"class":53},[39,86370,86371],{"class":120},"read",[39,86373,1609],{"class":53},[39,86375,86376,86378,86380,86383],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86377,7785],{"class":136},[39,86379,124],{"class":53},[39,86381,86382],{"class":120},"content",[39,86384,130],{"class":53},[20,86386,154,86387,86389,86390,86393],{},[15,86388,86313],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86391,86392],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[160,86395,86397],{"id":86396},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86399,86400,86402],{},[15,86401,86294],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86404,11172],{},[176,86406,86407,86410,86415,86420],{},[179,86408,86409],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[179,86411,40620,86412,86414],{},[382,86413,4340],{}," read or write anything by itself",[179,86416,17129,86417],{},[382,86418,86419],{},"file object",[179,86421,86422,86423],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[176,86424,86425,86430,86435,86440,86445],{},[179,86426,86427],{},[15,86428,86429],{},"read()",[179,86431,86432],{},[15,86433,86434],{},"readline()",[179,86436,86437],{},[15,86438,86439],{},"readlines()",[179,86441,86442],{},[15,86443,86444],{},"write()",[179,86446,86447],{},[15,86448,86449],{},"close()",[20,86451,267],{},[30,86453,86455],{"className":32,"code":86454,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86456,86457,86496,86511,86521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86458,86459,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86460,86461],{"class":86354},"file",[39,86463,12985],{"class":49},[39,86465,86316],{"class":136},[39,86467,124],{"class":53},[39,86469,562],{"class":517},[39,86471,86323],{"class":521},[39,86473,562],{"class":517},[39,86475,61],{"class":53},[39,86477,572],{"class":517},[39,86479,60225],{"class":521},[39,86481,562],{"class":517},[39,86483,61],{"class":53},[39,86485,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86487,50],{"class":49},[39,86489,562],{"class":517},[39,86491,86345],{"class":521},[39,86493,562],{"class":517},[39,86495,130],{"class":53},[39,86497,86498,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86499,86500],{"class":45},"content ",[39,86502,50],{"class":49},[39,86504,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86506,117],{"class":53},[39,86508,86371],{"class":120},[39,86510,1609],{"class":53},[39,86512,86513,86515,86517,86519],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86514,137],{"class":136},[39,86516,124],{"class":53},[39,86518,86382],{"class":120},[39,86520,130],{"class":53},[39,86522,86523,86525,86527,86530],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,86524,86461],{"class":86354},[39,86526,117],{"class":53},[39,86528,86529],{"class":120},"close",[39,86531,1609],{"class":53},[20,86533,86534,86535,86537],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86536,86313],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[160,86539,202],{"id":201},[20,86541,86542],{},"A common form is:",[30,86544,86546],{"className":32,"code":86545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86547,86548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86549,86550,86552,86554,86556,86558,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86551,42142],{"class":136},[39,86553,124],{"class":53},[39,86555,86461],{"class":86354},[39,86557,61],{"class":53},[39,86559,86560],{"class":120}," mode",[39,86562,61],{"class":53},[39,86564,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86566,50],{"class":49},[39,86568,562],{"class":517},[39,86570,86345],{"class":521},[39,86572,562],{"class":517},[39,86574,130],{"class":53},[20,86576,64766],{},[176,86578,86579,86584,86589],{},[179,86580,86581,86583],{},[15,86582,86461],{}," is the file name or file path",[179,86585,86586,86588],{},[15,86587,20626],{}," controls how the file is opened",[179,86590,86591,86594],{},[15,86592,86593],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86596,267],{},[30,86598,86600],{"className":32,"code":86599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86601,86602,86645,86660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86603,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86605,86313],{"class":3584},[39,86607,86316],{"class":136},[39,86609,124],{"class":53},[39,86611,562],{"class":517},[39,86613,86614],{"class":521},"notes.txt",[39,86616,562],{"class":517},[39,86618,61],{"class":53},[39,86620,572],{"class":517},[39,86622,60225],{"class":521},[39,86624,562],{"class":517},[39,86626,61],{"class":53},[39,86628,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86630,50],{"class":49},[39,86632,562],{"class":517},[39,86634,86345],{"class":521},[39,86636,562],{"class":517},[39,86638,3366],{"class":53},[39,86640,47074],{"class":3584},[39,86642,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86644,6107],{"class":53},[39,86646,86647,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86648,86649],{"class":45},"    text ",[39,86651,50],{"class":49},[39,86653,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86655,117],{"class":53},[39,86657,86371],{"class":120},[39,86659,1609],{"class":53},[39,86661,86662,86664,86666,86668],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86663,7785],{"class":136},[39,86665,124],{"class":53},[39,86667,34419],{"class":120},[39,86669,130],{"class":53},[20,86671,19664],{},[176,86673,86674,86680,86685],{},[179,86675,86676,86679],{},[15,86677,86678],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[179,86681,86682,86684],{},[15,86683,86392],{}," means open for reading",[179,86686,86687,86690],{},[15,86688,86689],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[160,86692,86694],{"id":86693},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86696,86697],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[176,86699,86700,86705,86711,86716,86722,86728],{},[179,86701,86702,86704],{},[15,86703,86392],{}," = read a text file",[179,86706,86707,86710],{},[15,86708,86709],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[179,86712,86713,86715],{},[15,86714,17802],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[179,86717,86718,86721],{},[15,86719,86720],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[179,86723,86724,86727],{},[15,86725,86726],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[179,86729,86730,86733],{},[15,86731,86732],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86735,1832],{},[30,86737,86739],{"className":32,"code":86738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86740,86741,86746,86789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86742,86743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86744,86745],{"class":150},"# Read a text file\n",[39,86747,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86749,86313],{"class":3584},[39,86751,86316],{"class":136},[39,86753,124],{"class":53},[39,86755,562],{"class":517},[39,86757,86758],{"class":521},"data.txt",[39,86760,562],{"class":517},[39,86762,61],{"class":53},[39,86764,572],{"class":517},[39,86766,60225],{"class":521},[39,86768,562],{"class":517},[39,86770,61],{"class":53},[39,86772,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86774,50],{"class":49},[39,86776,562],{"class":517},[39,86778,86345],{"class":521},[39,86780,562],{"class":517},[39,86782,3366],{"class":53},[39,86784,47074],{"class":3584},[39,86786,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86788,6107],{"class":53},[39,86790,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86792,7785],{"class":136},[39,86794,124],{"class":53},[39,86796,86461],{"class":86354},[39,86798,117],{"class":53},[39,86800,86371],{"class":120},[39,86802,6907],{"class":53},[30,86804,86806],{"className":32,"code":86805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86807,86808,86813,86855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86809,86810],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86811,86812],{"class":150},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[39,86814,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86816,86313],{"class":3584},[39,86818,86316],{"class":136},[39,86820,124],{"class":53},[39,86822,562],{"class":517},[39,86824,86758],{"class":521},[39,86826,562],{"class":517},[39,86828,61],{"class":53},[39,86830,572],{"class":517},[39,86832,60208],{"class":521},[39,86834,562],{"class":517},[39,86836,61],{"class":53},[39,86838,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86840,50],{"class":49},[39,86842,562],{"class":517},[39,86844,86345],{"class":521},[39,86846,562],{"class":517},[39,86848,3366],{"class":53},[39,86850,47074],{"class":3584},[39,86852,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86854,6107],{"class":53},[39,86856,86857,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86873,86875],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86858,86859],{"class":86354},"    file",[39,86861,117],{"class":53},[39,86863,69916],{"class":120},[39,86865,124],{"class":53},[39,86867,562],{"class":517},[39,86869,34578],{"class":521},[39,86871,86872],{"class":34163},"\\n",[39,86874,562],{"class":517},[39,86876,130],{"class":53},[30,86878,86880],{"className":32,"code":86879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86881,86882,86887,86929],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86883,86884],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86885,86886],{"class":150},"# Append to a text file\n",[39,86888,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,86890,86313],{"class":3584},[39,86892,86316],{"class":136},[39,86894,124],{"class":53},[39,86896,562],{"class":517},[39,86898,86758],{"class":521},[39,86900,562],{"class":517},[39,86902,61],{"class":53},[39,86904,572],{"class":517},[39,86906,195],{"class":521},[39,86908,562],{"class":517},[39,86910,61],{"class":53},[39,86912,86338],{"class":8893},[39,86914,50],{"class":49},[39,86916,562],{"class":517},[39,86918,86345],{"class":521},[39,86920,562],{"class":517},[39,86922,3366],{"class":53},[39,86924,47074],{"class":3584},[39,86926,86355],{"class":86354},[39,86928,6107],{"class":53},[39,86930,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86944,86946,86948],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,86932,86859],{"class":86354},[39,86934,117],{"class":53},[39,86936,69916],{"class":120},[39,86938,124],{"class":53},[39,86940,562],{"class":517},[39,86942,86943],{"class":521},"Another line",[39,86945,86872],{"class":34163},[39,86947,562],{"class":517},[39,86949,130],{"class":53},[20,86951,69068,86952,86954],{},[15,86953,86709],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[160,86956,86958],{"id":86957},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86960,86961,380,86963,117],{},[15,86962,86294],{},[382,86964,86419],{},[20,86966,86967],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[176,86969,86970,86975,86980],{},[179,86971,86972],{},[15,86973,86974],{},"file.read()",[179,86976,86977],{},[15,86978,86979],{},"file.write()",[179,86981,86982],{},[15,86983,86984],{},"file.close()",[20,86986,86987],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86989,267],{},[30,86991,86993],{"className":32,"code":86992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86994,86995,87037],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86996,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86998,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87000,86316],{"class":136},[39,87002,124],{"class":53},[39,87004,562],{"class":517},[39,87006,86323],{"class":521},[39,87008,562],{"class":517},[39,87010,61],{"class":53},[39,87012,572],{"class":517},[39,87014,60225],{"class":521},[39,87016,562],{"class":517},[39,87018,61],{"class":53},[39,87020,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87022,50],{"class":49},[39,87024,562],{"class":517},[39,87026,86345],{"class":521},[39,87028,562],{"class":517},[39,87030,3366],{"class":53},[39,87032,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87034,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87036,6107],{"class":53},[39,87038,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87040,7785],{"class":136},[39,87042,124],{"class":53},[39,87044,479],{"class":478},[39,87046,124],{"class":53},[39,87048,86461],{"class":86354},[39,87050,486],{"class":53},[20,87052,29739],{},[30,87054,87056],{"className":32,"code":87055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87057,87058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87059,87060,87062,87064,87066,87069,87071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87061,510],{"class":49},[39,87063,514],{"class":513},[39,87065,518],{"class":517},[39,87067,87068],{"class":521},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[39,87070,524],{"class":517},[39,87072,527],{"class":49},[20,87074,87075,87076,87078],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87077,86294],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[160,87080,87082],{"id":87081},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87084,87085],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[30,87087,87088],{"className":32,"code":86306,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,87089,87090,87132,87146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87091,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87093,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87095,86316],{"class":136},[39,87097,124],{"class":53},[39,87099,562],{"class":517},[39,87101,86323],{"class":521},[39,87103,562],{"class":517},[39,87105,61],{"class":53},[39,87107,572],{"class":517},[39,87109,60225],{"class":521},[39,87111,562],{"class":517},[39,87113,61],{"class":53},[39,87115,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87117,50],{"class":49},[39,87119,562],{"class":517},[39,87121,86345],{"class":521},[39,87123,562],{"class":517},[39,87125,3366],{"class":53},[39,87127,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87129,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87131,6107],{"class":53},[39,87133,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87135,86362],{"class":45},[39,87137,50],{"class":49},[39,87139,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87141,117],{"class":53},[39,87143,86371],{"class":120},[39,87145,1609],{"class":53},[39,87147,87148,87150,87152,87154],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87149,7785],{"class":136},[39,87151,124],{"class":53},[39,87153,86382],{"class":120},[39,87155,130],{"class":53},[20,87157,87158],{},"Why this is recommended:",[176,87160,87161,87166,87172,87175],{},[179,87162,87163,87165],{},[15,87164,86313],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[179,87167,87168,87169,87171],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87170,86449],{}," yourself",[179,87173,87174],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[179,87176,87177],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87179,83472,87180,87182],{},[15,87181,86313],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[30,87184,87185],{"className":32,"code":86454,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,87186,87187,87225,87239,87249],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87188,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87190,86461],{"class":86354},[39,87192,12985],{"class":49},[39,87194,86316],{"class":136},[39,87196,124],{"class":53},[39,87198,562],{"class":517},[39,87200,86323],{"class":521},[39,87202,562],{"class":517},[39,87204,61],{"class":53},[39,87206,572],{"class":517},[39,87208,60225],{"class":521},[39,87210,562],{"class":517},[39,87212,61],{"class":53},[39,87214,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87216,50],{"class":49},[39,87218,562],{"class":517},[39,87220,86345],{"class":521},[39,87222,562],{"class":517},[39,87224,130],{"class":53},[39,87226,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87228,86500],{"class":45},[39,87230,50],{"class":49},[39,87232,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87234,117],{"class":53},[39,87236,86371],{"class":120},[39,87238,1609],{"class":53},[39,87240,87241,87243,87245,87247],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87242,137],{"class":136},[39,87244,124],{"class":53},[39,87246,86382],{"class":120},[39,87248,130],{"class":53},[39,87250,87251,87253,87255,87257],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,87252,86461],{"class":86354},[39,87254,117],{"class":53},[39,87256,86529],{"class":120},[39,87258,1609],{"class":53},[20,87260,87261],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[160,87263,87265],{"id":87264},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87267,87268,87269,87271],{},"Use mode ",[15,87270,86392],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[988,87273,87275],{"id":87274},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87277,87278,87280],{},[15,87279,86429],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[30,87282,87283],{"className":32,"code":86306,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,87284,87285,87327,87341],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87286,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87288,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87290,86316],{"class":136},[39,87292,124],{"class":53},[39,87294,562],{"class":517},[39,87296,86323],{"class":521},[39,87298,562],{"class":517},[39,87300,61],{"class":53},[39,87302,572],{"class":517},[39,87304,60225],{"class":521},[39,87306,562],{"class":517},[39,87308,61],{"class":53},[39,87310,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87312,50],{"class":49},[39,87314,562],{"class":517},[39,87316,86345],{"class":521},[39,87318,562],{"class":517},[39,87320,3366],{"class":53},[39,87322,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87324,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87326,6107],{"class":53},[39,87328,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87330,86362],{"class":45},[39,87332,50],{"class":49},[39,87334,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87336,117],{"class":53},[39,87338,86371],{"class":120},[39,87340,1609],{"class":53},[39,87342,87343,87345,87347,87349],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87344,7785],{"class":136},[39,87346,124],{"class":53},[39,87348,86382],{"class":120},[39,87350,130],{"class":53},[988,87352,87354],{"id":87353},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87356,87357,87359],{},[15,87358,86434],{}," reads one line at a time.",[30,87361,87363],{"className":32,"code":87362,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87364,87365,87407,87423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87366,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87368,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87370,86316],{"class":136},[39,87372,124],{"class":53},[39,87374,562],{"class":517},[39,87376,86323],{"class":521},[39,87378,562],{"class":517},[39,87380,61],{"class":53},[39,87382,572],{"class":517},[39,87384,60225],{"class":521},[39,87386,562],{"class":517},[39,87388,61],{"class":53},[39,87390,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87392,50],{"class":49},[39,87394,562],{"class":517},[39,87396,86345],{"class":521},[39,87398,562],{"class":517},[39,87400,3366],{"class":53},[39,87402,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87404,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87406,6107],{"class":53},[39,87408,87409,87412,87414,87416,87418,87421],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87410,87411],{"class":45},"    first_line ",[39,87413,50],{"class":49},[39,87415,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87417,117],{"class":53},[39,87419,87420],{"class":120},"readline",[39,87422,1609],{"class":53},[39,87424,87425,87427,87429,87432],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87426,7785],{"class":136},[39,87428,124],{"class":53},[39,87430,87431],{"class":120},"first_line",[39,87433,130],{"class":53},[988,87435,87437],{"id":87436},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87439,87440],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[30,87442,87444],{"className":32,"code":87443,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87445,87446,87488,87502],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87447,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87449,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87451,86316],{"class":136},[39,87453,124],{"class":53},[39,87455,562],{"class":517},[39,87457,86323],{"class":521},[39,87459,562],{"class":517},[39,87461,61],{"class":53},[39,87463,572],{"class":517},[39,87465,60225],{"class":521},[39,87467,562],{"class":517},[39,87469,61],{"class":53},[39,87471,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87473,50],{"class":49},[39,87475,562],{"class":517},[39,87477,86345],{"class":521},[39,87479,562],{"class":517},[39,87481,3366],{"class":53},[39,87483,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87485,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87487,6107],{"class":53},[39,87489,87490,87493,87496,87498,87500],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87491,87492],{"class":3584},"    for",[39,87494,87495],{"class":45}," line ",[39,87497,3591],{"class":3584},[39,87499,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87501,6107],{"class":53},[39,87503,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87505,47054],{"class":136},[39,87507,124],{"class":53},[39,87509,41],{"class":120},[39,87511,117],{"class":53},[39,87513,8352],{"class":120},[39,87515,6907],{"class":53},[20,87517,87518,87519,1292,87523,117],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[195,87520,87522],{"href":87521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[195,87524,87526],{"href":87525},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[160,87528,87530],{"id":87529},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87532,154,87533,87535],{},[15,87534,86709],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[30,87537,87539],{"className":32,"code":87538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87540,87541,87584,87605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87542,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87544,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87546,86316],{"class":136},[39,87548,124],{"class":53},[39,87550,562],{"class":517},[39,87552,87553],{"class":521},"output.txt",[39,87555,562],{"class":517},[39,87557,61],{"class":53},[39,87559,572],{"class":517},[39,87561,60208],{"class":521},[39,87563,562],{"class":517},[39,87565,61],{"class":53},[39,87567,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87569,50],{"class":49},[39,87571,562],{"class":517},[39,87573,86345],{"class":521},[39,87575,562],{"class":517},[39,87577,3366],{"class":53},[39,87579,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87581,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87583,6107],{"class":53},[39,87585,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87599,87601,87603],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87587,86859],{"class":86354},[39,87589,117],{"class":53},[39,87591,69916],{"class":120},[39,87593,124],{"class":53},[39,87595,562],{"class":517},[39,87597,87598],{"class":521},"First line",[39,87600,86872],{"class":34163},[39,87602,562],{"class":517},[39,87604,130],{"class":53},[39,87606,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87620,87622,87624],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,87608,86859],{"class":86354},[39,87610,117],{"class":53},[39,87612,69916],{"class":120},[39,87614,124],{"class":53},[39,87616,562],{"class":517},[39,87618,87619],{"class":521},"Second line",[39,87621,86872],{"class":34163},[39,87623,562],{"class":517},[39,87625,130],{"class":53},[20,87627,154,87628,87630],{},[15,87629,17802],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[30,87632,87634],{"className":32,"code":87633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87635,87636,87678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87637,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87639,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87641,86316],{"class":136},[39,87643,124],{"class":53},[39,87645,562],{"class":517},[39,87647,87553],{"class":521},[39,87649,562],{"class":517},[39,87651,61],{"class":53},[39,87653,572],{"class":517},[39,87655,195],{"class":521},[39,87657,562],{"class":517},[39,87659,61],{"class":53},[39,87661,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87663,50],{"class":49},[39,87665,562],{"class":517},[39,87667,86345],{"class":521},[39,87669,562],{"class":517},[39,87671,3366],{"class":53},[39,87673,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87675,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87677,6107],{"class":53},[39,87679,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87693,87695,87697],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87681,86859],{"class":86354},[39,87683,117],{"class":53},[39,87685,69916],{"class":120},[39,87687,124],{"class":53},[39,87689,562],{"class":517},[39,87691,87692],{"class":521},"Third line",[39,87694,86872],{"class":34163},[39,87696,562],{"class":517},[39,87698,130],{"class":53},[20,87700,87701],{},"Important detail:",[176,87703,87704,87709,87716],{},[179,87705,87706,87708],{},[15,87707,86444],{}," writes a string",[179,87710,87711,13763,87713,87715],{},[15,87712,86444],{},[382,87714,4340],{}," add a newline for you",[179,87717,87718,87719,87171],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87720,86872],{},[20,87722,87723,87724,1292,87728,117],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[195,87725,87727],{"href":87726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[195,87729,87731],{"href":87730},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[160,87733,87735],{"id":87734},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87737,87738],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[988,87740,87742],{"id":87741},"encodingutf-8",[15,87743,86689],{},[20,87745,87746],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[30,87748,87750],{"className":32,"code":87749,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87751,87752,87795],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87753,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87755,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87757,86316],{"class":136},[39,87759,124],{"class":53},[39,87761,562],{"class":517},[39,87763,87764],{"class":521},"message.txt",[39,87766,562],{"class":517},[39,87768,61],{"class":53},[39,87770,572],{"class":517},[39,87772,60225],{"class":521},[39,87774,562],{"class":517},[39,87776,61],{"class":53},[39,87778,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87780,50],{"class":49},[39,87782,562],{"class":517},[39,87784,86345],{"class":521},[39,87786,562],{"class":517},[39,87788,3366],{"class":53},[39,87790,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87792,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87794,6107],{"class":53},[39,87796,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87798,7785],{"class":136},[39,87800,124],{"class":53},[39,87802,86461],{"class":86354},[39,87804,117],{"class":53},[39,87806,86371],{"class":120},[39,87808,6907],{"class":53},[20,87810,87811],{},"Why it matters:",[176,87813,87814,87817,87820],{},[179,87815,87816],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[179,87818,87819],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[179,87821,87822],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[988,87824,87826],{"id":87825},"newline",[15,87827,87825],{},[20,87829,87830],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87832,87833],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[988,87835,87837],{"id":87836},"buffering",[15,87838,87836],{},[20,87840,87841],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87843,87844],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[160,87846,87848],{"id":87847},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87850,87851],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[988,87853,87855],{"id":87854},"filenotfounderror",[15,87856,87857],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87859,87860],{},"This happens when:",[176,87862,87863,87866,87869],{},[179,87864,87865],{},"the file does not exist",[179,87867,87868],{},"the path is wrong",[179,87870,87871],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87873,267],{},[30,87875,87877],{"className":32,"code":87876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87878,87879,87922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87880,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87882,86313],{"class":3584},[39,87884,86316],{"class":136},[39,87886,124],{"class":53},[39,87888,562],{"class":517},[39,87890,87891],{"class":521},"missing.txt",[39,87893,562],{"class":517},[39,87895,61],{"class":53},[39,87897,572],{"class":517},[39,87899,60225],{"class":521},[39,87901,562],{"class":517},[39,87903,61],{"class":53},[39,87905,86338],{"class":8893},[39,87907,50],{"class":49},[39,87909,562],{"class":517},[39,87911,86345],{"class":521},[39,87913,562],{"class":517},[39,87915,3366],{"class":53},[39,87917,47074],{"class":3584},[39,87919,86355],{"class":86354},[39,87921,6107],{"class":53},[39,87923,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,87925,7785],{"class":136},[39,87927,124],{"class":53},[39,87929,86461],{"class":86354},[39,87931,117],{"class":53},[39,87933,86371],{"class":120},[39,87935,6907],{"class":53},[20,87937,87938,87939,4104,87947,117],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[195,87940,87942,87943,87946],{"href":87941},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[39,87944,87945],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[195,87948,87950],{"href":87949},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[988,87952,87954],{"id":87953},"permissionerror",[15,87955,87956],{},"PermissionError",[20,87958,87959],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87961,87962],{},"Example causes:",[176,87964,87965,87968,87971],{},[179,87966,87967],{},"the file is protected",[179,87969,87970],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[179,87972,87973],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87975,87976,87977],{},"Related page: ",[195,87978,87980,87981,87984],{"href":87979},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[39,87982,87983],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[988,87986,87988],{"id":87987},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87989,87990],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87992,87993],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87995,267],{},[30,87997,87999],{"className":32,"code":87998,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88000,88001,88044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88002,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88004,86313],{"class":3584},[39,88006,86316],{"class":136},[39,88008,124],{"class":53},[39,88010,562],{"class":517},[39,88012,88013],{"class":521},"my_folder",[39,88015,562],{"class":517},[39,88017,61],{"class":53},[39,88019,572],{"class":517},[39,88021,60225],{"class":521},[39,88023,562],{"class":517},[39,88025,61],{"class":53},[39,88027,86338],{"class":8893},[39,88029,50],{"class":49},[39,88031,562],{"class":517},[39,88033,86345],{"class":521},[39,88035,562],{"class":517},[39,88037,3366],{"class":53},[39,88039,47074],{"class":3584},[39,88041,86355],{"class":86354},[39,88043,6107],{"class":53},[39,88045,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88047,7785],{"class":136},[39,88049,124],{"class":53},[39,88051,86461],{"class":86354},[39,88053,117],{"class":53},[39,88055,86371],{"class":120},[39,88057,6907],{"class":53},[20,88059,87976,88060],{},[195,88061,88063,88064,88067],{"href":88062},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[39,88065,88066],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[988,88069,88071],{"id":88070},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88072,88073],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88075,88076,88077,117],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88078,86294],{},[20,88080,87976,88081],{},[195,88082,88084],{"href":88083},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[160,88086,88088],{"id":88087},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88090,88091,88092,88094],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88093,86294],{}," function.",[20,88096,88097],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[176,88099,88100,88103,88106,88112],{},[179,88101,88102],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[179,88104,88105],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[179,88107,88108,88109,88111],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88110,86294],{}," itself",[179,88113,88114,88115],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[195,88116,88118],{"href":88117},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[160,88120,2537],{"id":2536},[20,88122,88123,88124,1250],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88125,86294],{},[176,88127,88128,88133,88139,88144,88147,88150],{},[179,88129,718,88130,88132],{},[15,88131,86392],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[179,88134,88135,88136,88138],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88137,86593],{}," for text files",[179,88140,718,88141,88143],{},[15,88142,86709],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[179,88145,88146],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[179,88148,88149],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[179,88151,88152],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88154,88155],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[30,88157,88159],{"className":32,"code":88158,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88160,88161,88168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88162,88163,88165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88164,34802],{"class":3584},[39,88166,88167],{"class":45}," os\n",[39,88169,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88181],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88171,137],{"class":136},[39,88173,124],{"class":53},[39,88175,42341],{"class":120},[39,88177,117],{"class":53},[39,88179,88180],{"class":120},"getcwd",[39,88182,6907],{"class":53},[20,88184,88185],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[30,88187,88189],{"className":32,"code":88188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88190,88191,88197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88192,88193,88195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88194,34802],{"class":3584},[39,88196,88167],{"class":45},[39,88198,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88210,88212,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88200,137],{"class":136},[39,88202,124],{"class":53},[39,88204,42341],{"class":120},[39,88206,117],{"class":53},[39,88208,88209],{"class":24457},"path",[39,88211,117],{"class":53},[39,88213,88214],{"class":120},"exists",[39,88216,124],{"class":53},[39,88218,562],{"class":517},[39,88220,86323],{"class":521},[39,88222,562],{"class":517},[39,88224,486],{"class":53},[20,88226,88227],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[30,88229,88231],{"className":32,"code":88230,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88232,88233,88239],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88234,88235,88237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88236,34802],{"class":3584},[39,88238,88167],{"class":45},[39,88240,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88242,137],{"class":136},[39,88244,124],{"class":53},[39,88246,42341],{"class":120},[39,88248,117],{"class":53},[39,88250,88209],{"class":24457},[39,88252,117],{"class":53},[39,88254,88255],{"class":120},"isfile",[39,88257,124],{"class":53},[39,88259,562],{"class":517},[39,88261,86323],{"class":521},[39,88263,562],{"class":517},[39,88265,486],{"class":53},[20,88267,88268],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[30,88270,88272],{"className":32,"code":88271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88273,88274,88316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88275,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88277,86313],{"class":3584},[39,88279,86316],{"class":136},[39,88281,124],{"class":53},[39,88283,562],{"class":517},[39,88285,86323],{"class":521},[39,88287,562],{"class":517},[39,88289,61],{"class":53},[39,88291,572],{"class":517},[39,88293,60225],{"class":521},[39,88295,562],{"class":517},[39,88297,61],{"class":53},[39,88299,86338],{"class":8893},[39,88301,50],{"class":49},[39,88303,562],{"class":517},[39,88305,86345],{"class":521},[39,88307,562],{"class":517},[39,88309,3366],{"class":53},[39,88311,47074],{"class":3584},[39,88313,86355],{"class":86354},[39,88315,6107],{"class":53},[39,88317,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88319,7785],{"class":136},[39,88321,124],{"class":53},[39,88323,86461],{"class":86354},[39,88325,117],{"class":53},[39,88327,86371],{"class":120},[39,88329,6907],{"class":53},[20,88331,88332],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[160,88334,1563],{"id":1562},[988,88336,88338],{"id":88337},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88340,88341],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[988,88343,88345],{"id":88344},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88347,88348,88349,88351],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88350,86313],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[988,88353,4890,88355,4104,88357,88359],{"id":88354},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88356,86709],{},[15,88358,17802],{}," mode?",[20,88361,88362,88364,88365,88367],{},[15,88363,86709],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88366,17802],{}," adds new content to the end.",[988,88369,88371],{"id":88370},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88373,88374],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[988,88376,88378],{"id":88377},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88380,88381,88382,88384],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88383,86689],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[160,88386,1613],{"id":1612},[176,88388,88389,88393,88397,88401,88405,88409,88413,88419],{},[179,88390,88391],{},[195,88392,87522],{"href":87521},[179,88394,88395],{},[195,88396,87727],{"href":87726},[179,88398,88399],{},[195,88400,87731],{"href":87730},[179,88402,88403],{},[195,88404,87526],{"href":87525},[179,88406,88407],{},[195,88408,88118],{"href":88117},[179,88410,88411],{},[195,88412,87950],{"href":87949},[179,88414,88415],{},[195,88416,87942,88417,87946],{"href":87941},[39,88418,87945],{},[179,88420,88421],{},[195,88422,87980,88423,87984],{"href":87979},[39,88424,87983],{},[1642,88426,88427],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":88429},[88430,88431,88432,88433,88434,88435,88436,88441,88442,88447,88453,88454,88455,88463],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":86396,"depth":75,"text":86397},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":86693,"depth":75,"text":86694},{"id":86957,"depth":75,"text":86958},{"id":87081,"depth":75,"text":87082},{"id":87264,"depth":75,"text":87265,"children":88437},[88438,88439,88440],{"id":87274,"depth":99,"text":87275},{"id":87353,"depth":99,"text":87354},{"id":87436,"depth":99,"text":87437},{"id":87529,"depth":75,"text":87530},{"id":87734,"depth":75,"text":87735,"children":88443},[88444,88445,88446],{"id":87741,"depth":99,"text":86689},{"id":87825,"depth":99,"text":87825},{"id":87836,"depth":99,"text":87836},{"id":87847,"depth":75,"text":87848,"children":88448},[88449,88450,88451,88452],{"id":87854,"depth":99,"text":87857},{"id":87953,"depth":99,"text":87956},{"id":87987,"depth":99,"text":87990},{"id":88070,"depth":99,"text":88073},{"id":88087,"depth":75,"text":88088},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":88456},[88457,88458,88459,88461,88462],{"id":88337,"depth":99,"text":88338},{"id":88344,"depth":99,"text":88345},{"id":88354,"depth":99,"text":88460},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88370,"depth":99,"text":88371},{"id":88377,"depth":99,"text":88378},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86284,"description":88464},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88471,"title":88472,"body":88473,"description":90468,"extension":1670,"meta":90469,"navigation":102,"path":90470,"seo":90471,"stem":90472,"__hash__":90473},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88474,"toc":90415},[88475,88480,88485,88491,88493,88561,88563,88582,88587,88592,88597,88600,88612,88614,88657,88659,88677,88688,88690,88692,88717,88719,88730,88732,88792,88794,88820,88823,88827,88832,88836,88839,88873,88877,88880,88905,88909,88932,88936,88969,88974,88978,88983,88986,89054,89056,89080,89085,89088,89119,89121,89153,89170,89174,89179,89203,89210,89215,89220,89223,89227,89262,89264,89273,89277,89368,89370,89401,89406,89413,89418,89427,89430,89464,89466,89480,89484,89525,89527,89536,89540,89588,89590,89604,89609,89620,89627,89633,89635,89670,89672,89686,89689,89711,89717,89746,89757,89763,89769,89783,89785,89864,89866,89916,89923,89925,89930,89934,89937,89952,89957,89959,89978,89984,89987,90002,90004,90022,90028,90033,90063,90066,90089,90092,90119,90126,90132,90140,90163,90168,90176,90178,90198,90202,90208,90258,90261,90283,90285,90291,90299,90305,90311,90319,90324,90328,90331,90354,90359,90366,90378,90380,90412],[10,88476,13,88478,3283],{"id":88477},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88479,46168],{},[20,88481,32026,88482,88484],{},[15,88483,46168],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88486,88487,88488,88490],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88489,46168],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[160,88492,1711],{"id":1710},[30,88494,88496],{"className":32,"code":88495,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88497,88498,88510,88519,88523,88533,88543],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88499,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88501,7592],{"class":45},[39,88503,50],{"class":49},[39,88505,572],{"class":517},[39,88507,7637],{"class":521},[39,88509,3062],{"class":517},[39,88511,88512,88514,88516],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88513,21336],{"class":45},[39,88515,50],{"class":49},[39,88517,88518],{"class":57}," 12\n",[39,88520,88521],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88522,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,88524,88525,88527,88529,88531],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,88526,137],{"class":136},[39,88528,124],{"class":53},[39,88530,7382],{"class":120},[39,88532,130],{"class":53},[39,88534,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,88536,137],{"class":136},[39,88538,124],{"class":53},[39,88540,9015],{"class":120},[39,88542,130],{"class":53},[39,88544,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,88546,137],{"class":136},[39,88548,124],{"class":53},[39,88550,562],{"class":517},[39,88552,34578],{"class":521},[39,88554,562],{"class":517},[39,88556,61],{"class":53},[39,88558,35704],{"class":120},[39,88560,130],{"class":53},[20,88562,353],{},[30,88564,88566],{"className":32,"code":88565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88567,88568,88573,88577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88569,88570],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88571,88572],{"class":45},"Mia\n",[39,88574,88575],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88576,1932],{"class":57},[39,88578,88579],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88580,88581],{"class":45},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88583,154,88584,88586],{},[15,88585,46168],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[160,88588,3383,88590,3386],{"id":88589},"what-print-does",[15,88591,46168],{},[20,88593,88594,88596],{},[15,88595,46168],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88598,88599],{},"You can use it to display:",[176,88601,88602,88604,88606,88609],{},[179,88603,34419],{},[179,88605,1457],{},[179,88607,88608],{},"variables",[179,88610,88611],{},"expressions",[20,88613,267],{},[30,88615,88617],{"className":32,"code":88616,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88618,88619,88633,88643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88620,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88622,137],{"class":136},[39,88624,124],{"class":53},[39,88626,562],{"class":517},[39,88628,34578],{"class":521},[39,88630,562],{"class":517},[39,88632,130],{"class":53},[39,88634,88635,88637,88639,88641],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88636,137],{"class":136},[39,88638,124],{"class":53},[39,88640,1843],{"class":57},[39,88642,130],{"class":53},[39,88644,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88646,137],{"class":136},[39,88648,124],{"class":53},[39,88650,85],{"class":57},[39,88652,2161],{"class":49},[39,88654,69],{"class":57},[39,88656,130],{"class":53},[20,88658,353],{},[30,88660,88662],{"className":32,"code":88661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88663,88664,88669,88673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88665,88666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88667,88668],{"class":45},"Hello\n",[39,88670,88671],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88672,2654],{"class":57},[39,88674,88675],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88676,2654],{"class":57},[20,88678,88679,88680,88682,88683,88687],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88681,46168],{}," ",[382,88684,3398,88685],{},[15,88686,3484],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[160,88689,202],{"id":201},[20,88691,30434],{},[30,88693,88695],{"className":32,"code":88694,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88696,88697],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88698,88699,88701,88703,88706,88708,88711,88713,88715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88700,137],{"class":136},[39,88702,124],{"class":53},[39,88704,88705],{"class":120},"object1",[39,88707,61],{"class":53},[39,88709,88710],{"class":120}," object2",[39,88712,61],{"class":53},[39,88714,34164],{"class":136},[39,88716,130],{"class":53},[20,88718,79924],{},[176,88720,88721,88724,88727],{},[179,88722,88723],{},"one value",[179,88725,88726],{},"many values",[179,88728,88729],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88731,267],{},[30,88733,88735],{"className":32,"code":88734,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88736,88737,88751,88770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88738,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747,88749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88740,137],{"class":136},[39,88742,124],{"class":53},[39,88744,562],{"class":517},[39,88746,57487],{"class":521},[39,88748,562],{"class":517},[39,88750,130],{"class":53},[39,88752,88753,88755,88757,88759,88762,88764,88766,88768],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88754,137],{"class":136},[39,88756,124],{"class":53},[39,88758,562],{"class":517},[39,88760,88761],{"class":521},"Score:",[39,88763,562],{"class":517},[39,88765,61],{"class":53},[39,88767,5718],{"class":57},[39,88769,130],{"class":53},[39,88771,88772,88774,88776,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88773,137],{"class":136},[39,88775,124],{"class":53},[39,88777,562],{"class":517},[39,88779,45279],{"class":521},[39,88781,562],{"class":517},[39,88783,61],{"class":53},[39,88785,94],{"class":57},[39,88787,2161],{"class":49},[39,88789,806],{"class":57},[39,88791,130],{"class":53},[20,88793,353],{},[30,88795,88797],{"className":32,"code":88796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88798,88799,88803,88812],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88800,88801],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88802,85076],{"class":45},[39,88804,88805,88808,88810],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88806,88807],{"class":45},"Score",[39,88809,1250],{"class":53},[39,88811,2293],{"class":57},[39,88813,88814,88816,88818],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,88815,45319],{"class":45},[39,88817,1250],{"class":53},[39,88819,2293],{"class":57},[20,88821,88822],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[160,88824,88826],{"id":88825},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88828,88829,88830,117],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88831,46168],{},[988,88833,88835],{"id":88834},"print-text","Print text",[20,88837,88838],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[30,88840,88842],{"className":32,"code":88841,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88843,88844,88858],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88845,88846,88848,88850,88852,88854,88856],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88847,137],{"class":136},[39,88849,124],{"class":53},[39,88851,562],{"class":517},[39,88853,34578],{"class":521},[39,88855,562],{"class":517},[39,88857,130],{"class":53},[39,88859,88860,88862,88864,88866,88869,88871],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88861,137],{"class":136},[39,88863,124],{"class":53},[39,88865,562],{"class":517},[39,88867,88868],{"class":521},"Python is fun",[39,88870,562],{"class":517},[39,88872,130],{"class":53},[988,88874,88876],{"id":88875},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88878,88879],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[30,88881,88883],{"className":32,"code":88882,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88884,88885,88895],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88886,88887,88889,88891,88893],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88888,137],{"class":136},[39,88890,124],{"class":53},[39,88892,1843],{"class":57},[39,88894,130],{"class":53},[39,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88898,137],{"class":136},[39,88900,124],{"class":53},[39,88902,39857],{"class":57},[39,88904,130],{"class":53},[988,88906,88908],{"id":88907},"print-variables","Print variables",[30,88910,88912],{"className":32,"code":88911,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88913,88914,88922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88915,88916,88918,88920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88917,4806],{"class":45},[39,88919,50],{"class":49},[39,88921,13840],{"class":57},[39,88923,88924,88926,88928,88930],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88925,137],{"class":136},[39,88927,124],{"class":53},[39,88929,85240],{"class":120},[39,88931,130],{"class":53},[988,88933,88935],{"id":88934},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[30,88937,88939],{"className":32,"code":88938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88940,88941,88955],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88942,88943,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88944,137],{"class":136},[39,88946,124],{"class":53},[39,88948,85],{"class":57},[39,88950,2161],{"class":49},[39,88952,69],{"class":57},[39,88954,130],{"class":53},[39,88956,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965,88967],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,88958,137],{"class":136},[39,88960,124],{"class":53},[39,88962,2037],{"class":57},[39,88964,82553],{"class":49},[39,88966,94],{"class":57},[39,88968,130],{"class":53},[20,88970,88971,88972,117],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[195,88973,50694],{"href":50693},[160,88975,88977],{"id":88976},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88979,88980,88982],{},[15,88981,46168],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88984,88985],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[30,88987,88989],{"className":32,"code":88988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88990,88991,89004,89012,89016,89035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88992,88993,88995,88997,88999,89002],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88994,7592],{"class":45},[39,88996,50],{"class":49},[39,88998,572],{"class":517},[39,89000,89001],{"class":521},"Ava",[39,89003,3062],{"class":517},[39,89005,89006,89008,89010],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89007,21336],{"class":45},[39,89009,50],{"class":49},[39,89011,2293],{"class":57},[39,89013,89014],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,89015,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,89017,89018,89020,89022,89024,89027,89029,89031,89033],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,89019,137],{"class":136},[39,89021,124],{"class":53},[39,89023,562],{"class":517},[39,89025,89026],{"class":521},"Name:",[39,89028,562],{"class":517},[39,89030,61],{"class":53},[39,89032,35704],{"class":120},[39,89034,130],{"class":53},[39,89036,89037,89039,89041,89043,89046,89048,89050,89052],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,89038,137],{"class":136},[39,89040,124],{"class":53},[39,89042,562],{"class":517},[39,89044,89045],{"class":521},"Age:",[39,89047,562],{"class":517},[39,89049,61],{"class":53},[39,89051,8906],{"class":120},[39,89053,130],{"class":53},[20,89055,353],{},[30,89057,89059],{"className":32,"code":89058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89060,89061,89071],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89062,89063,89066,89068],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89064,89065],{"class":45},"Name",[39,89067,1250],{"class":53},[39,89069,89070],{"class":45}," Ava\n",[39,89072,89073,89076,89078],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89074,89075],{"class":45},"Age",[39,89077,1250],{"class":53},[39,89079,2293],{"class":57},[20,89081,89082,89083,117],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89084,1767],{},[20,89086,89087],{},"For example, this works:",[30,89089,89091],{"className":32,"code":89090,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89092,89093,89101],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89094,89095,89097,89099],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89096,21336],{"class":45},[39,89098,50],{"class":49},[39,89100,2293],{"class":57},[39,89102,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89104,137],{"class":136},[39,89106,124],{"class":53},[39,89108,562],{"class":517},[39,89110,89045],{"class":521},[39,89112,562],{"class":517},[39,89114,61],{"class":53},[39,89116,8906],{"class":120},[39,89118,130],{"class":53},[20,89120,36640],{},[30,89122,89124],{"className":32,"code":89123,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89125,89126,89134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89127,89128,89130,89132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89129,21336],{"class":45},[39,89131,50],{"class":49},[39,89133,2293],{"class":57},[39,89135,89136,89138,89140,89142,89145,89147,89149,89151],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89137,137],{"class":136},[39,89139,124],{"class":53},[39,89141,562],{"class":517},[39,89143,89144],{"class":521},"Age: ",[39,89146,562],{"class":517},[39,89148,2161],{"class":49},[39,89150,8906],{"class":120},[39,89152,130],{"class":53},[20,89154,89155,89156,89159,89160,89162,89163,89165,89166,117],{},"That fails because ",[15,89157,89158],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89161,9015],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89164,1767],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[195,89167,89168],{"href":41890},[15,89169,47400],{},[160,89171,89173],{"id":89172},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89175,89176,89178],{},[15,89177,46168],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[176,89180,89181,89187,89192,89197],{},[179,89182,89183,89186],{},[15,89184,89185],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[179,89188,89189,89191],{},[15,89190,52379],{}," controls what is added after the output",[179,89193,89194,89196],{},[15,89195,86461],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[179,89198,89199,89202],{},[15,89200,89201],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89204,89205,89206,4104,89208,117],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89207,89185],{},[15,89209,52379],{},[160,89211,89213,36329],{"id":89212},"sep-argument",[15,89214,89185],{},[20,89216,22,89217,89219],{},[15,89218,89185],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89221,89222],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[988,89224,89226],{"id":89225},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[30,89228,89230],{"className":32,"code":89229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89231,89232],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89233,89234,89236,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89235,137],{"class":136},[39,89237,124],{"class":53},[39,89239,562],{"class":517},[39,89241,565],{"class":521},[39,89243,562],{"class":517},[39,89245,61],{"class":53},[39,89247,572],{"class":517},[39,89249,584],{"class":521},[39,89251,562],{"class":517},[39,89253,61],{"class":53},[39,89255,572],{"class":517},[39,89257,575],{"class":521},[39,89259,562],{"class":517},[39,89261,130],{"class":53},[20,89263,353],{},[30,89265,89267],{"className":32,"code":89266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red green blue\n",[15,89268,89269],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89270,89271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89272,89266],{"class":45},[988,89274,89276],{"id":89275},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[30,89278,89280],{"className":32,"code":89279,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89281,89282,89325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89283,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89315,89317,89319,89321,89323],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89285,137],{"class":136},[39,89287,124],{"class":53},[39,89289,562],{"class":517},[39,89291,565],{"class":521},[39,89293,562],{"class":517},[39,89295,61],{"class":53},[39,89297,572],{"class":517},[39,89299,584],{"class":521},[39,89301,562],{"class":517},[39,89303,61],{"class":53},[39,89305,572],{"class":517},[39,89307,575],{"class":521},[39,89309,562],{"class":517},[39,89311,61],{"class":53},[39,89313,89314],{"class":8893}," sep",[39,89316,50],{"class":49},[39,89318,562],{"class":517},[39,89320,61],{"class":521},[39,89322,562],{"class":517},[39,89324,130],{"class":53},[39,89326,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89364,89366],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89328,137],{"class":136},[39,89330,124],{"class":53},[39,89332,562],{"class":517},[39,89334,565],{"class":521},[39,89336,562],{"class":517},[39,89338,61],{"class":53},[39,89340,572],{"class":517},[39,89342,584],{"class":521},[39,89344,562],{"class":517},[39,89346,61],{"class":53},[39,89348,572],{"class":517},[39,89350,575],{"class":521},[39,89352,562],{"class":517},[39,89354,61],{"class":53},[39,89356,89314],{"class":8893},[39,89358,50],{"class":49},[39,89360,562],{"class":517},[39,89362,89363],{"class":521}," - ",[39,89365,562],{"class":517},[39,89367,130],{"class":53},[20,89369,353],{},[30,89371,89373],{"className":32,"code":89372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89374,89375,89387],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89376,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89378,565],{"class":45},[39,89380,61],{"class":53},[39,89382,584],{"class":45},[39,89384,61],{"class":53},[39,89386,69702],{"class":45},[39,89388,89389,89392,89394,89397,89399],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89390,89391],{"class":45},"red ",[39,89393,1730],{"class":49},[39,89395,89396],{"class":45}," green ",[39,89398,1730],{"class":49},[39,89400,35593],{"class":45},[20,89402,89403,89405],{},[15,89404,89185],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89407,89408,89409,117],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[195,89410,89412],{"href":89411},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[160,89414,89416,36329],{"id":89415},"end-argument",[15,89417,52379],{},[20,89419,89420,89421,89423,89424,89426],{},"By default, ",[15,89422,46168],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89425,46168],{}," starts on a new line.",[988,89428,89226],{"id":89429},"default-behavior-1",[30,89431,89433],{"className":32,"code":89432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89434,89435,89449],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89436,89437,89439,89441,89443,89445,89447],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89438,137],{"class":136},[39,89440,124],{"class":53},[39,89442,562],{"class":517},[39,89444,34578],{"class":521},[39,89446,562],{"class":517},[39,89448,130],{"class":53},[39,89450,89451,89453,89455,89457,89460,89462],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89452,137],{"class":136},[39,89454,124],{"class":53},[39,89456,562],{"class":517},[39,89458,89459],{"class":521},"World",[39,89461,562],{"class":517},[39,89463,130],{"class":53},[20,89465,353],{},[30,89467,89469],{"className":32,"code":89468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89470,89471,89475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89472,89473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89474,88668],{"class":45},[39,89476,89477],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89478,89479],{"class":45},"World\n",[988,89481,89483],{"id":89482},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[30,89485,89487],{"className":32,"code":89486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89488,89489,89511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89490,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89492,137],{"class":136},[39,89494,124],{"class":53},[39,89496,562],{"class":517},[39,89498,34578],{"class":521},[39,89500,562],{"class":517},[39,89502,61],{"class":53},[39,89504,64761],{"class":8893},[39,89506,50],{"class":49},[39,89508,5986],{"class":517},[39,89510,130],{"class":53},[39,89512,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89514,137],{"class":136},[39,89516,124],{"class":53},[39,89518,562],{"class":517},[39,89520,89459],{"class":521},[39,89522,562],{"class":517},[39,89524,130],{"class":53},[20,89526,353],{},[30,89528,89530],{"className":32,"code":89529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89531,89532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89533,89534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89535,89529],{"class":45},[988,89537,89539],{"id":89538},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[30,89541,89543],{"className":32,"code":89542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89544,89545,89574],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89546,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89568,89570,89572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89548,137],{"class":136},[39,89550,124],{"class":53},[39,89552,562],{"class":517},[39,89554,34578],{"class":521},[39,89556,562],{"class":517},[39,89558,61],{"class":53},[39,89560,64761],{"class":8893},[39,89562,50],{"class":49},[39,89564,562],{"class":517},[39,89566,89567],{"class":521},"!",[39,89569,86872],{"class":34163},[39,89571,562],{"class":517},[39,89573,130],{"class":53},[39,89575,89576,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89577,137],{"class":136},[39,89579,124],{"class":53},[39,89581,562],{"class":517},[39,89583,89459],{"class":521},[39,89585,562],{"class":517},[39,89587,130],{"class":53},[20,89589,353],{},[30,89591,89593],{"className":32,"code":89592,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89594,89595,89600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89596,89597],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89598,89599],{"class":45},"Hello!\n",[39,89601,89602],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89603,89479],{"class":45},[20,89605,22,89606,89608],{},[15,89607,52379],{}," argument is useful for:",[176,89610,89611,89614,89617],{},[179,89612,89613],{},"progress messages",[179,89615,89616],{},"inline output",[179,89618,89619],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[160,89621,89623,2104,89625],{"id":89622},"print-returns-none",[15,89624,46168],{},[15,89626,3484],{},[20,89628,89629,89630,89632],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89631,46168],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89634,267],{},[30,89636,89638],{"className":32,"code":89637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89639,89640,89660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89641,89642,89644,89646,89649,89651,89653,89656,89658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89643,109],{"class":45},[39,89645,50],{"class":49},[39,89647,89648],{"class":136}," print",[39,89650,124],{"class":53},[39,89652,562],{"class":517},[39,89654,89655],{"class":521},"Hi",[39,89657,562],{"class":517},[39,89659,130],{"class":53},[39,89661,89662,89664,89666,89668],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89663,137],{"class":136},[39,89665,124],{"class":53},[39,89667,142],{"class":120},[39,89669,130],{"class":53},[20,89671,353],{},[30,89673,89675],{"className":32,"code":89674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89676,89677,89682],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89678,89679],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89680,89681],{"class":45},"Hi\n",[39,89683,89684],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89685,11520],{"class":3559},[20,89687,89688],{},"Why does this happen?",[176,89690,89691,89699,89704],{},[179,89692,89693,89696,89697],{},[15,89694,89695],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89698,89655],{},[179,89700,89701,89702],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89703,3484],{},[179,89705,89706,89707,11632,89709],{},"so ",[15,89708,142],{},[15,89710,3484],{},[20,89712,89713,89714,89716],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89715,46168],{}," call.",[30,89718,89720],{"className":32,"code":89719,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89721,89722,89735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89723,89724,89727,89729,89731,89733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89725,89726],{"class":45},"message ",[39,89728,50],{"class":49},[39,89730,572],{"class":517},[39,89732,89655],{"class":521},[39,89734,3062],{"class":517},[39,89736,89737,89739,89741,89744],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89738,137],{"class":136},[39,89740,124],{"class":53},[39,89742,89743],{"class":120},"message",[39,89745,130],{"class":53},[20,89747,89748,89749,89751,89752,89756],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89750,46168],{}," with functions like ",[195,89753,89754],{"href":7936},[15,89755,2665],{},", which do return a value.",[160,89758,89760,89761],{"id":89759},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89762,46168],{},[20,89764,89765,89766,89768],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89767,46168],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[176,89770,89771,89774,89777,89780],{},[179,89772,89773],{},"to display results to the user",[179,89775,89776],{},"to show messages in a script",[179,89778,89779],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[179,89781,89782],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89784,267],{},[30,89786,89788],{"className":32,"code":89787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89789,89790,89798,89802,89822,89833],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89791,89792,89794,89796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89793,40897],{"class":45},[39,89795,50],{"class":49},[39,89797,38226],{"class":57},[39,89799,89800],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89801,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,89803,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,89805,5671],{"class":3584},[39,89807,6100],{"class":45},[39,89809,3591],{"class":3584},[39,89811,53789],{"class":136},[39,89813,124],{"class":53},[39,89815,58],{"class":57},[39,89817,61],{"class":53},[39,89819,94],{"class":57},[39,89821,8059],{"class":53},[39,89823,89824,89827,89830],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,89825,89826],{"class":45},"    total ",[39,89828,89829],{"class":49},"+=",[39,89831,89832],{"class":45}," number\n",[39,89834,89835,89837,89839,89841,89844,89846,89848,89850,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,89836,7785],{"class":136},[39,89838,124],{"class":53},[39,89840,562],{"class":517},[39,89842,89843],{"class":521},"Current number:",[39,89845,562],{"class":517},[39,89847,61],{"class":53},[39,89849,1904],{"class":120},[39,89851,61],{"class":53},[39,89853,572],{"class":517},[39,89855,45279],{"class":521},[39,89857,562],{"class":517},[39,89859,61],{"class":53},[39,89861,45286],{"class":120},[39,89863,130],{"class":53},[20,89865,353],{},[30,89867,89869],{"className":32,"code":89868,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89870,89871,89887,89901],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89872,89873,89876,89878,89880,89883,89885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89874,89875],{"class":45},"Current number",[39,89877,1250],{"class":53},[39,89879,5210],{"class":57},[39,89881,89882],{"class":45}," Total",[39,89884,1250],{"class":53},[39,89886,29324],{"class":57},[39,89888,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,89890,89875],{"class":45},[39,89892,1250],{"class":53},[39,89894,64],{"class":57},[39,89896,89882],{"class":45},[39,89898,1250],{"class":53},[39,89900,2284],{"class":57},[39,89902,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,89904,89875],{"class":45},[39,89906,1250],{"class":53},[39,89908,69],{"class":57},[39,89910,89882],{"class":45},[39,89912,1250],{"class":53},[39,89914,89915],{"class":57}," 6\n",[20,89917,89918,89919,117],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[195,89920,89922],{"href":89921},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[160,89924,2537],{"id":2536},[20,89926,89927,89928,117],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89929,46168],{},[988,89931,89933],{"id":89932},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89935,89936],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[30,89938,89940],{"className":32,"code":89939,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89941,89942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89943,89944,89946,89948,89950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89945,137],{"class":136},[39,89947,124],{"class":53},[39,89949,34578],{"class":120},[39,89951,130],{"class":53},[20,89953,8592,89954,89956],{},[15,89955,34578],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89958,10521],{},[30,89960,89962],{"className":32,"code":89961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89963,89964],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89965,89966,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89967,137],{"class":136},[39,89969,124],{"class":53},[39,89971,562],{"class":517},[39,89973,34578],{"class":521},[39,89975,562],{"class":517},[39,89977,130],{"class":53},[988,89979,718,89981,89983],{"id":89980},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89982,137],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89985,89986],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[30,89988,89990],{"className":32,"code":89989,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89991,89992],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89993,89994,89996,89998,90000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89995,137],{"class":136},[39,89997,572],{"class":517},[39,89999,34578],{"class":521},[39,90001,3062],{"class":517},[20,90003,10521],{},[30,90005,90006],{"className":32,"code":89961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90007,90008],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90009,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90011,137],{"class":136},[39,90013,124],{"class":53},[39,90015,562],{"class":517},[39,90017,34578],{"class":521},[39,90019,562],{"class":517},[39,90021,130],{"class":53},[988,90023,90025,90026],{"id":90024},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90027,1767],{},[20,90029,90030,90031,117],{},"This causes a ",[15,90032,2711],{},[30,90034,90035],{"className":32,"code":89123,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90036,90037,90045],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90038,90039,90041,90043],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90040,21336],{"class":45},[39,90042,50],{"class":49},[39,90044,2293],{"class":57},[39,90046,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90048,137],{"class":136},[39,90050,124],{"class":53},[39,90052,562],{"class":517},[39,90054,89144],{"class":521},[39,90056,562],{"class":517},[39,90058,2161],{"class":49},[39,90060,8906],{"class":120},[39,90062,130],{"class":53},[20,90064,90065],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[30,90067,90069],{"className":32,"code":90068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90070,90071],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90072,90073,90075,90077,90079,90081,90083,90085,90087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90074,137],{"class":136},[39,90076,124],{"class":53},[39,90078,562],{"class":517},[39,90080,89045],{"class":521},[39,90082,562],{"class":517},[39,90084,61],{"class":53},[39,90086,8906],{"class":120},[39,90088,130],{"class":53},[20,90090,90091],{},"Or convert the number first:",[30,90093,90095],{"className":32,"code":90094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90096,90097],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90098,90099,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90100,137],{"class":136},[39,90102,124],{"class":53},[39,90104,562],{"class":517},[39,90106,89144],{"class":521},[39,90108,562],{"class":517},[39,90110,2161],{"class":49},[39,90112,48621],{"class":478},[39,90114,124],{"class":53},[39,90116,9015],{"class":120},[39,90118,486],{"class":53},[20,90120,90121,90122,117],{},"If you see this error, read ",[195,90123,90125],{"href":90124},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[988,90127,8170,90129,90131],{"id":90128},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90130,46168],{}," to return a value",[20,90133,90134,90135,35041,90138,1250],{},"This does not store ",[15,90136,90137],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90139,142],{},[30,90141,90143],{"className":32,"code":90142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90144,90145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90146,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90148,109],{"class":45},[39,90150,50],{"class":49},[39,90152,89648],{"class":136},[39,90154,124],{"class":53},[39,90156,562],{"class":517},[39,90158,34578],{"class":521},[39,90160,562],{"class":517},[39,90162,130],{"class":53},[20,90164,90165,90166,117],{},"It stores ",[15,90167,3484],{},[988,90169,90171,90172,4104,90174],{"id":90170},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90173,89185],{},[15,90175,52379],{},[20,90177,530],{},[176,90179,90180,90189],{},[179,90181,90182,90184,90185,90188],{},[15,90183,89185],{}," changes what goes ",[382,90186,90187],{},"between"," multiple values",[179,90190,90191,90193,90194,90197],{},[15,90192,52379],{}," changes what appears ",[382,90195,90196],{},"after"," the output",[160,90199,90201],{"id":90200},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90203,90204,90205,90207],{},"These simple ",[15,90206,46168],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[30,90209,90211],{"className":32,"code":90210,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90212,90213,90233,90248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90214,90215,90217,90219,90221,90224,90226,90228,90231],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90216,137],{"class":136},[39,90218,124],{"class":53},[39,90220,562],{"class":517},[39,90222,90223],{"class":521},"Debug:",[39,90225,562],{"class":517},[39,90227,61],{"class":53},[39,90229,90230],{"class":120}," variable_name",[39,90232,130],{"class":53},[39,90234,90235,90237,90239,90241,90243,90246],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90236,137],{"class":136},[39,90238,124],{"class":53},[39,90240,479],{"class":478},[39,90242,124],{"class":53},[39,90244,90245],{"class":120},"variable_name",[39,90247,486],{"class":53},[39,90249,90250,90252,90254,90256],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,90251,31861],{"class":136},[39,90253,124],{"class":53},[39,90255,137],{"class":136},[39,90257,130],{"class":53},[20,90259,90260],{},"What they do:",[176,90262,90263,90269,90275],{},[179,90264,90265,90268],{},[15,90266,90267],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[179,90270,90271,90274],{},[15,90272,90273],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[179,90276,90277,90280,90281],{},[15,90278,90279],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90282,46168],{},[160,90284,1563],{"id":1562},[988,90286,1567,90288,90290],{"id":90287},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90289,46168],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90292,90293,90294,90296,90297,36335],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90295,46168],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90298,52379],{},[988,90300,1577,90302,90304],{"id":90301},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90303,46168],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90306,90307,90308,90310],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90309,46168],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[988,90312,4869,90314,4872,90317,2199],{"id":90313},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90315,90316],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90318,3484],{},[20,90320,28770,90321,90323],{},[15,90322,46168],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[988,90325,90327],{"id":90326},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90329,90330],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[30,90332,90334],{"className":32,"code":90333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90335,90336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90337,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90339,137],{"class":136},[39,90341,124],{"class":53},[39,90343,562],{"class":517},[39,90345,89045],{"class":521},[39,90347,562],{"class":517},[39,90349,61],{"class":53},[39,90351,5718],{"class":57},[39,90353,130],{"class":53},[20,90355,90356,90357,39643],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90358,47400],{},[988,90360,4890,90362,4104,90364,2199],{"id":90361},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90363,89185],{},[15,90365,52379],{},[176,90367,90368,90373],{},[179,90369,90370,90372],{},[15,90371,89185],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[179,90374,90375,90377],{},[15,90376,52379],{}," changes what appears after the output",[160,90379,1613],{"id":1612},[176,90381,90382,90386,90392,90398,90403,90408],{},[179,90383,90384],{},[195,90385,50694],{"href":50693},[179,90387,90388],{},[195,90389,13,90390,3213],{"href":7936},[15,90391,2665],{},[179,90393,90394],{},[195,90395,13,90396,3213],{"href":41890},[15,90397,47400],{},[179,90399,90400],{},[195,90401,90402],{"href":89411},"How to format strings in Python",[179,90404,90405],{},[195,90406,90407],{"href":89921},"How to debug Python code",[179,90409,90410],{},[195,90411,90125],{"href":90124},[1642,90413,90414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":90416},[90417,90418,90420,90421,90427,90428,90429,90434,90440,90442,90444,90455,90456,90467],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":88589,"depth":75,"text":90419},"What print() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":88825,"depth":75,"text":88826,"children":90422},[90423,90424,90425,90426],{"id":88834,"depth":99,"text":88835},{"id":88875,"depth":99,"text":88876},{"id":88907,"depth":99,"text":88908},{"id":88934,"depth":99,"text":88935},{"id":88976,"depth":75,"text":88977},{"id":89172,"depth":75,"text":89173},{"id":89212,"depth":75,"text":90430,"children":90431},"sep argument",[90432,90433],{"id":89225,"depth":99,"text":89226},{"id":89275,"depth":99,"text":89276},{"id":89415,"depth":75,"text":90435,"children":90436},"end argument",[90437,90438,90439],{"id":89429,"depth":99,"text":89226},{"id":89482,"depth":99,"text":89483},{"id":89538,"depth":99,"text":89539},{"id":89622,"depth":75,"text":90441},"print() returns None",{"id":89759,"depth":75,"text":90443},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":90445},[90446,90447,90449,90451,90453],{"id":89932,"depth":99,"text":89933},{"id":89980,"depth":99,"text":90448},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90024,"depth":99,"text":90450},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90128,"depth":99,"text":90452},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90170,"depth":99,"text":90454},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90200,"depth":75,"text":90201},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":90457},[90458,90460,90462,90464,90465],{"id":90287,"depth":99,"text":90459},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90301,"depth":99,"text":90461},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90313,"depth":99,"text":90463},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90326,"depth":99,"text":90327},{"id":90361,"depth":99,"text":90466},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88472,"description":90468},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90475,"title":90476,"body":90477,"description":92781,"extension":1670,"meta":92782,"navigation":102,"path":92783,"seo":92784,"stem":92785,"__hash__":92786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90478,"toc":92727},[90479,90484,90489,90502,90504,90569,90580,90585,90590,90592,90615,90618,90649,90651,90668,90673,90679,90684,90733,90736,90753,90759,90764,90787,90789,90817,90823,90831,90858,90860,90885,90891,90894,90925,90927,90956,90960,90963,90968,90990,90992,91020,91026,91032,91058,91060,91084,91090,91096,91126,91128,91156,91166,91170,91176,91209,91211,91240,91243,91246,91279,91281,91289,91295,91297,91320,91325,91334,91339,91353,91355,91395,91397,91427,91431,91466,91472,91476,91520,91522,91552,91558,91561,91640,91642,91664,91672,91675,91738,91746,91821,91827,91834,91839,91844,91867,91869,91890,91892,91905,91907,91954,91956,91995,92004,92006,92010,92014,92017,92044,92047,92076,92079,92103,92106,92114,92120,92142,92144,92172,92176,92181,92236,92241,92243,92300,92307,92316,92319,92351,92353,92361,92364,92370,92372,92395,92398,92404,92407,92426,92428,92447,92450,92472,92474,92502,92506,92510,92615,92617,92630,92632,92638,92641,92649,92654,92660,92666,92671,92679,92685,92692,92694,92724],[10,90480,13,90482,3283],{"id":90481},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90483,35911],{},[20,90485,32026,90486,90488],{},[15,90487,35911],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90490,90491,90492,90494,90495,90497,90498,90501],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90493,5671],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90496,35911],{}," stops ",[382,90499,90500],{},"before"," the end value.",[160,90503,1711],{"id":1710},[30,90505,90507],{"className":32,"code":90506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90508,90509,90525,90535,90539,90544,90549,90554,90559,90564],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90510,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90512,5671],{"class":3584},[39,90514,69269],{"class":45},[39,90516,3591],{"class":3584},[39,90518,53789],{"class":136},[39,90520,124],{"class":53},[39,90522,1843],{"class":57},[39,90524,8059],{"class":53},[39,90526,90527,90529,90531,90533],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90528,7785],{"class":136},[39,90530,124],{"class":53},[39,90532,35867],{"class":120},[39,90534,130],{"class":53},[39,90536,90537],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,90538,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,90540,90541],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,90542,90543],{"class":150},"# Output:\n",[39,90545,90546],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,90547,90548],{"class":150},"# 0\n",[39,90550,90551],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,90552,90553],{"class":150},"# 1\n",[39,90555,90556],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,90557,90558],{"class":150},"# 2\n",[39,90560,90561],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,90562,90563],{"class":150},"# 3\n",[39,90565,90566],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,90567,90568],{"class":150},"# 4\n",[20,90570,90571,90574,90575,90577,90578,117],{},[15,90572,90573],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90576,1826],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90579,1843],{},[160,90581,3383,90583,3386],{"id":90582},"what-range-does",[15,90584,35911],{},[20,90586,90587,90589],{},[15,90588,35911],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90591,174],{},[176,90593,90594,90599,90605,90610],{},[179,90595,90596,90598],{},[15,90597,35911],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[179,90600,90601,90602,90604],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90603,5671],{}," loops",[179,90606,90607,90608],{},"The stop value is ",[382,90609,64790],{},[179,90611,17129,90612,90614],{},[15,90613,59718],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90616,90617],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[30,90619,90621],{"className":32,"code":90620,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90622,90623,90639],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90624,90625,90627,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90626,5671],{"class":3584},[39,90628,6100],{"class":45},[39,90630,3591],{"class":3584},[39,90632,53789],{"class":136},[39,90634,124],{"class":53},[39,90636,307],{"class":57},[39,90638,8059],{"class":53},[39,90640,90641,90643,90645,90647],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90642,7785],{"class":136},[39,90644,124],{"class":53},[39,90646,1946],{"class":120},[39,90648,130],{"class":53},[20,90650,353],{},[30,90652,90654],{"className":32,"code":90653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90655,90656,90660,90664],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90657,90658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90659,46968],{"class":57},[39,90661,90662],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90663,46633],{"class":57},[39,90665,90666],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,90667,1553],{"class":57},[20,90669,90670,90671,117],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[195,90672,35741],{"href":35740},[160,90674,90676,90678],{"id":90675},"range-syntax",[15,90677,35911],{}," syntax",[20,90680,90681,90683],{},[15,90682,35911],{}," has three common forms:",[30,90685,90687],{"className":32,"code":90686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90688,90689,90699,90714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90690,90691,90693,90695,90697],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90692,59718],{"class":136},[39,90694,124],{"class":53},[39,90696,75147],{"class":120},[39,90698,130],{"class":53},[39,90700,90701,90703,90705,90707,90709,90712],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,90702,59718],{"class":136},[39,90704,124],{"class":53},[39,90706,35785],{"class":120},[39,90708,61],{"class":53},[39,90710,90711],{"class":120}," stop",[39,90713,130],{"class":53},[39,90715,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90731],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,90717,59718],{"class":136},[39,90719,124],{"class":53},[39,90721,35785],{"class":120},[39,90723,61],{"class":53},[39,90725,90711],{"class":120},[39,90727,61],{"class":53},[39,90729,90730],{"class":120}," step",[39,90732,130],{"class":53},[20,90734,90735],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[176,90737,90738,90743,90748],{},[179,90739,90740,90742],{},[15,90741,35785],{}," = first number",[179,90744,90745,90747],{},[15,90746,75147],{}," = end limit, not included",[179,90749,90750,90752],{},[15,90751,75150],{}," = amount to move each time",[988,90754,90756],{"id":90755},"rangestop",[15,90757,90758],{},"range(stop)",[20,90760,90761,90762,117],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90763,1826],{},[30,90765,90767],{"className":32,"code":90766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90768,90769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90770,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90772,137],{"class":136},[39,90774,124],{"class":53},[39,90776,7810],{"class":478},[39,90778,124],{"class":53},[39,90780,59718],{"class":136},[39,90782,124],{"class":53},[39,90784,1843],{"class":57},[39,90786,2619],{"class":53},[20,90788,353],{},[30,90790,90791],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90792,90793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90794,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90796,3609],{"class":53},[39,90798,1826],{"class":57},[39,90800,61],{"class":53},[39,90802,5210],{"class":57},[39,90804,61],{"class":53},[39,90806,64],{"class":57},[39,90808,61],{"class":53},[39,90810,69],{"class":57},[39,90812,61],{"class":53},[39,90814,94],{"class":57},[39,90816,3340],{"class":53},[988,90818,90820],{"id":90819},"rangestart-stop",[15,90821,90822],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90824,90825,90826,90828,90829,117],{},"This starts at ",[15,90827,35785],{}," and stops before ",[15,90830,75147],{},[30,90832,90834],{"className":32,"code":90833,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90835,90836],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90837,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90839,137],{"class":136},[39,90841,124],{"class":53},[39,90843,7810],{"class":478},[39,90845,124],{"class":53},[39,90847,59718],{"class":136},[39,90849,124],{"class":53},[39,90851,85],{"class":57},[39,90853,61],{"class":53},[39,90855,806],{"class":57},[39,90857,2619],{"class":53},[20,90859,353],{},[30,90861,90863],{"className":32,"code":90862,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90864,90865],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90866,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90868,3609],{"class":53},[39,90870,85],{"class":57},[39,90872,61],{"class":53},[39,90874,69],{"class":57},[39,90876,61],{"class":53},[39,90878,94],{"class":57},[39,90880,61],{"class":53},[39,90882,316],{"class":57},[39,90884,3340],{"class":53},[988,90886,90888],{"id":90887},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90889,90890],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90892,90893],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[30,90895,90897],{"className":32,"code":90896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90898,90899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90900,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90902,137],{"class":136},[39,90904,124],{"class":53},[39,90906,7810],{"class":478},[39,90908,124],{"class":53},[39,90910,59718],{"class":136},[39,90912,124],{"class":53},[39,90914,58],{"class":57},[39,90916,61],{"class":53},[39,90918,5718],{"class":57},[39,90920,61],{"class":53},[39,90922,64],{"class":57},[39,90924,2619],{"class":53},[20,90926,353],{},[30,90928,90930],{"className":32,"code":90929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90931,90932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90933,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90935,3609],{"class":53},[39,90937,58],{"class":57},[39,90939,61],{"class":53},[39,90941,69],{"class":57},[39,90943,61],{"class":53},[39,90945,316],{"class":57},[39,90947,61],{"class":53},[39,90949,5707],{"class":57},[39,90951,61],{"class":53},[39,90953,53855],{"class":57},[39,90955,3340],{"class":53},[160,90957,90959],{"id":90958},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90961,90962],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[988,90964,90966],{"id":90965},"range5",[15,90967,90573],{},[30,90969,90970],{"className":32,"code":90766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90971,90972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90973,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90975,137],{"class":136},[39,90977,124],{"class":53},[39,90979,7810],{"class":478},[39,90981,124],{"class":53},[39,90983,59718],{"class":136},[39,90985,124],{"class":53},[39,90987,1843],{"class":57},[39,90989,2619],{"class":53},[20,90991,353],{},[30,90993,90994],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90995,90996],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90997,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90999,3609],{"class":53},[39,91001,1826],{"class":57},[39,91003,61],{"class":53},[39,91005,5210],{"class":57},[39,91007,61],{"class":53},[39,91009,64],{"class":57},[39,91011,61],{"class":53},[39,91013,69],{"class":57},[39,91015,61],{"class":53},[39,91017,94],{"class":57},[39,91019,3340],{"class":53},[20,91021,90825,91022,90828,91024,117],{},[15,91023,1826],{},[15,91025,1843],{},[988,91027,91029],{"id":91028},"range2-6",[15,91030,91031],{},"range(2, 6)",[30,91033,91034],{"className":32,"code":90833,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91035,91036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91037,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91039,137],{"class":136},[39,91041,124],{"class":53},[39,91043,7810],{"class":478},[39,91045,124],{"class":53},[39,91047,59718],{"class":136},[39,91049,124],{"class":53},[39,91051,85],{"class":57},[39,91053,61],{"class":53},[39,91055,806],{"class":57},[39,91057,2619],{"class":53},[20,91059,353],{},[30,91061,91062],{"className":32,"code":90862,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91063,91064],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91065,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91067,3609],{"class":53},[39,91069,85],{"class":57},[39,91071,61],{"class":53},[39,91073,69],{"class":57},[39,91075,61],{"class":53},[39,91077,94],{"class":57},[39,91079,61],{"class":53},[39,91081,316],{"class":57},[39,91083,3340],{"class":53},[20,91085,90825,91086,90828,91088,117],{},[15,91087,85],{},[15,91089,80315],{},[988,91091,91093],{"id":91092},"range1-10-2",[15,91094,91095],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[30,91097,91098],{"className":32,"code":90896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91099,91100],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91101,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91103,137],{"class":136},[39,91105,124],{"class":53},[39,91107,7810],{"class":478},[39,91109,124],{"class":53},[39,91111,59718],{"class":136},[39,91113,124],{"class":53},[39,91115,58],{"class":57},[39,91117,61],{"class":53},[39,91119,5718],{"class":57},[39,91121,61],{"class":53},[39,91123,64],{"class":57},[39,91125,2619],{"class":53},[20,91127,353],{},[30,91129,91130],{"className":32,"code":90929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91131,91132],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91133,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91135,3609],{"class":53},[39,91137,58],{"class":57},[39,91139,61],{"class":53},[39,91141,69],{"class":57},[39,91143,61],{"class":53},[39,91145,316],{"class":57},[39,91147,61],{"class":53},[39,91149,5707],{"class":57},[39,91151,61],{"class":53},[39,91153,53855],{"class":57},[39,91155,3340],{"class":53},[20,91157,91158,91159,91161,91162,61021,91164,117],{},"This moves by ",[15,91160,85],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91163,58],{},[15,91165,1851],{},[988,91167,91169],{"id":91168},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91171,91172,91173,91175],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91174,35911],{}," count backward.",[30,91177,91179],{"className":32,"code":91178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91180,91181],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91182,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91184,137],{"class":136},[39,91186,124],{"class":53},[39,91188,7810],{"class":478},[39,91190,124],{"class":53},[39,91192,59718],{"class":136},[39,91194,124],{"class":53},[39,91196,1843],{"class":57},[39,91198,61],{"class":53},[39,91200,3540],{"class":57},[39,91202,61],{"class":53},[39,91204,1929],{"class":49},[39,91206,58],{"class":57},[39,91208,2619],{"class":53},[20,91210,353],{},[30,91212,91214],{"className":32,"code":91213,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91215,91216],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91217,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91219,3609],{"class":53},[39,91221,1843],{"class":57},[39,91223,61],{"class":53},[39,91225,94],{"class":57},[39,91227,61],{"class":53},[39,91229,69],{"class":57},[39,91231,61],{"class":53},[39,91233,64],{"class":57},[39,91235,61],{"class":53},[39,91237,5210],{"class":57},[39,91239,3340],{"class":53},[20,91241,91242],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91244,91245],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[30,91247,91249],{"className":32,"code":91248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91250,91251],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91252,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91254,137],{"class":136},[39,91256,124],{"class":53},[39,91258,7810],{"class":478},[39,91260,124],{"class":53},[39,91262,59718],{"class":136},[39,91264,124],{"class":53},[39,91266,58],{"class":57},[39,91268,61],{"class":53},[39,91270,316],{"class":57},[39,91272,61],{"class":53},[39,91274,1929],{"class":49},[39,91276,58],{"class":57},[39,91278,2619],{"class":53},[20,91280,353],{},[30,91282,91283],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91284,91285],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91286,91287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91288,38010],{"class":53},[988,91290,91291,76310,91293],{"id":76534},[15,91292,75150],{},[15,91294,1826],{},[20,91296,2544],{},[30,91298,91300],{"className":32,"code":91299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91301,91302],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91303,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91305,59718],{"class":136},[39,91307,124],{"class":53},[39,91309,58],{"class":57},[39,91311,61],{"class":53},[39,91313,316],{"class":57},[39,91315,61],{"class":53},[39,91317,3540],{"class":57},[39,91319,130],{"class":53},[20,91321,76579,91322,91324],{},[15,91323,40418],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[160,91326,718,91328,91330,91331,91333],{"id":91327},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91329,35911],{}," in a ",[15,91332,5671],{}," loop",[20,91335,91336,91338],{},[15,91337,35911],{}," is most useful when:",[176,91340,91341,91344,91347],{},[179,91342,91343],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[179,91345,91346],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[179,91348,91349,91350],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91351,91352],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91354,267],{},[30,91356,91358],{"className":32,"code":91357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91359,91360,91376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91361,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91363,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91365,69269],{"class":45},[39,91367,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91369,53789],{"class":136},[39,91371,124],{"class":53},[39,91373,307],{"class":57},[39,91375,8059],{"class":53},[39,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384,91387,91389,91391,91393],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91379,7785],{"class":136},[39,91381,124],{"class":53},[39,91383,562],{"class":517},[39,91385,91386],{"class":521},"Loop number:",[39,91388,562],{"class":517},[39,91390,61],{"class":53},[39,91392,35842],{"class":120},[39,91394,130],{"class":53},[20,91396,353],{},[30,91398,91400],{"className":32,"code":91399,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91401,91402,91411,91419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91403,91404,91407,91409],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91405,91406],{"class":45},"Loop number",[39,91408,1250],{"class":53},[39,91410,38226],{"class":57},[39,91412,91413,91415,91417],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91414,91406],{"class":45},[39,91416,1250],{"class":53},[39,91418,29324],{"class":57},[39,91420,91421,91423,91425],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91422,91406],{"class":45},[39,91424,1250],{"class":53},[39,91426,45305],{"class":57},[988,91428,91430],{"id":91429},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[30,91432,91434],{"className":32,"code":91433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91435,91436,91452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91437,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91439,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91441,69269],{"class":45},[39,91443,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91445,53789],{"class":136},[39,91447,124],{"class":53},[39,91449,1843],{"class":57},[39,91451,8059],{"class":53},[39,91453,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91455,7785],{"class":136},[39,91457,124],{"class":53},[39,91459,562],{"class":517},[39,91461,34578],{"class":521},[39,91463,562],{"class":517},[39,91465,130],{"class":53},[20,91467,91468,91469,91471],{},"This prints ",[15,91470,90137],{}," five times.",[988,91473,91475],{"id":91474},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[30,91477,91479],{"className":32,"code":91478,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91480,91481,91501],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91482,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91484,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91486,69269],{"class":45},[39,91488,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91490,53789],{"class":136},[39,91492,124],{"class":53},[39,91494,58],{"class":57},[39,91496,61],{"class":53},[39,91498,94],{"class":57},[39,91500,8059],{"class":53},[39,91502,91503,91505,91507,91509,91512,91514,91516,91518],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91504,7785],{"class":136},[39,91506,124],{"class":53},[39,91508,562],{"class":517},[39,91510,91511],{"class":521},"Current number is",[39,91513,562],{"class":517},[39,91515,61],{"class":53},[39,91517,35842],{"class":120},[39,91519,130],{"class":53},[20,91521,353],{},[30,91523,91525],{"className":32,"code":91524,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91526,91527,91536,91544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91528,91529,91532,91534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91530,91531],{"class":45},"Current number ",[39,91533,11906],{"class":49},[39,91535,29324],{"class":57},[39,91537,91538,91540,91542],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91539,91531],{"class":45},[39,91541,11906],{"class":49},[39,91543,45305],{"class":57},[39,91545,91546,91548,91550],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91547,91531],{"class":45},[39,91549,11906],{"class":49},[39,91551,2284],{"class":57},[988,91553,91555,91557],{"id":91554},"range-and-indexing",[15,91556,35911],{}," and indexing",[20,91559,91560],{},"You may see code like this:",[30,91562,91564],{"className":32,"code":91563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91565,91566,91598,91602,91622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91567,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91569,7494],{"class":45},[39,91571,50],{"class":49},[39,91573,3327],{"class":53},[39,91575,562],{"class":517},[39,91577,195],{"class":521},[39,91579,562],{"class":517},[39,91581,61],{"class":53},[39,91583,572],{"class":517},[39,91585,127],{"class":521},[39,91587,562],{"class":517},[39,91589,61],{"class":53},[39,91591,572],{"class":517},[39,91593,9454],{"class":521},[39,91595,562],{"class":517},[39,91597,3340],{"class":53},[39,91599,91600],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91601,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,91603,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91605,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91607,69269],{"class":45},[39,91609,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91611,53789],{"class":136},[39,91613,124],{"class":53},[39,91615,1361],{"class":136},[39,91617,124],{"class":53},[39,91619,7525],{"class":120},[39,91621,69284],{"class":53},[39,91623,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,91625,7785],{"class":136},[39,91627,124],{"class":53},[39,91629,35867],{"class":120},[39,91631,61],{"class":53},[39,91633,5679],{"class":120},[39,91635,3609],{"class":53},[39,91637,35867],{"class":120},[39,91639,3597],{"class":53},[20,91641,353],{},[30,91643,91644],{"className":32,"code":35879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91645,91646,91652,91658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91647,91648,91650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91649,1826],{"class":57},[39,91651,35888],{"class":45},[39,91653,91654,91656],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91655,58],{"class":57},[39,91657,35895],{"class":45},[39,91659,91660,91662],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91661,85],{"class":57},[39,91663,35902],{"class":45},[20,91665,91666,91667,91671],{},"This works, and it uses ",[195,91668,91669],{"href":42073},[15,91670,42076],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91673,91674],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[30,91676,91678],{"className":32,"code":91677,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91679,91680,91712,91716,91728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91681,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91683,7494],{"class":45},[39,91685,50],{"class":49},[39,91687,3327],{"class":53},[39,91689,562],{"class":517},[39,91691,195],{"class":521},[39,91693,562],{"class":517},[39,91695,61],{"class":53},[39,91697,572],{"class":517},[39,91699,127],{"class":521},[39,91701,562],{"class":517},[39,91703,61],{"class":53},[39,91705,572],{"class":517},[39,91707,9454],{"class":521},[39,91709,562],{"class":517},[39,91711,3340],{"class":53},[39,91713,91714],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91715,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,91717,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91719,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91721,5674],{"class":45},[39,91723,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91725,5679],{"class":45},[39,91727,6107],{"class":53},[39,91729,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,91731,7785],{"class":136},[39,91733,124],{"class":53},[39,91735,23017],{"class":120},[39,91737,130],{"class":53},[20,91739,36306,91740,91745],{},[195,91741,91743],{"href":91742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91744,35461],{}," is usually a better choice:",[30,91747,91749],{"className":32,"code":91748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91750,91751,91783,91787,91807],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91752,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91754,7494],{"class":45},[39,91756,50],{"class":49},[39,91758,3327],{"class":53},[39,91760,562],{"class":517},[39,91762,195],{"class":521},[39,91764,562],{"class":517},[39,91766,61],{"class":53},[39,91768,572],{"class":517},[39,91770,127],{"class":521},[39,91772,562],{"class":517},[39,91774,61],{"class":53},[39,91776,572],{"class":517},[39,91778,9454],{"class":521},[39,91780,562],{"class":517},[39,91782,3340],{"class":53},[39,91784,91785],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91786,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,91788,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91790,5671],{"class":3584},[39,91792,35533],{"class":45},[39,91794,61],{"class":53},[39,91796,5674],{"class":45},[39,91798,3591],{"class":3584},[39,91800,35543],{"class":136},[39,91802,124],{"class":53},[39,91804,7525],{"class":120},[39,91806,8059],{"class":53},[39,91808,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,91810,7785],{"class":136},[39,91812,124],{"class":53},[39,91814,35558],{"class":120},[39,91816,61],{"class":53},[39,91818,29216],{"class":120},[39,91820,130],{"class":53},[20,91822,78839,91823,117],{},[195,91824,36319,91825,36322],{"href":36318},[15,91826,35461],{},[160,91828,91830,91831,91833],{"id":91829},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91832,35911],{}," to a list",[20,91835,91836,91838],{},[15,91837,35911],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91840,91841,91842,1250],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91843,24488],{},[30,91845,91847],{"className":32,"code":91846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91848,91849],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91850,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91852,137],{"class":136},[39,91854,124],{"class":53},[39,91856,7810],{"class":478},[39,91858,124],{"class":53},[39,91860,59718],{"class":136},[39,91862,124],{"class":53},[39,91864,307],{"class":57},[39,91866,2619],{"class":53},[20,91868,353],{},[30,91870,91872],{"className":32,"code":91871,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91873,91874],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91875,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91877,3609],{"class":53},[39,91879,1826],{"class":57},[39,91881,61],{"class":53},[39,91883,5210],{"class":57},[39,91885,61],{"class":53},[39,91887,64],{"class":57},[39,91889,3340],{"class":53},[20,91891,33021],{},[176,91893,91894,91899,91902],{},[179,91895,91896,91897,41800],{},"learning how ",[15,91898,35911],{},[179,91900,91901],{},"checking your values",[179,91903,91904],{},"debugging code",[20,91906,5184],{},[30,91908,91910],{"className":32,"code":91909,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91911,91912,91926,91930,91940],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91913,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91915,1379],{"class":45},[39,91917,50],{"class":49},[39,91919,53789],{"class":136},[39,91921,124],{"class":53},[39,91923,2212],{"class":57},[39,91925,130],{"class":53},[39,91927,91928],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91929,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,91931,91932,91934,91936,91938],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,91933,137],{"class":136},[39,91935,124],{"class":53},[39,91937,1457],{"class":120},[39,91939,130],{"class":53},[39,91941,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,91943,137],{"class":136},[39,91945,124],{"class":53},[39,91947,7810],{"class":478},[39,91949,124],{"class":53},[39,91951,1457],{"class":120},[39,91953,486],{"class":53},[20,91955,353],{},[30,91957,91959],{"className":32,"code":91958,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91960,91961,91975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91962,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91964,59718],{"class":136},[39,91966,124],{"class":53},[39,91968,1826],{"class":57},[39,91970,61],{"class":53},[39,91972,94],{"class":57},[39,91974,130],{"class":53},[39,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,91978,3609],{"class":53},[39,91980,1826],{"class":57},[39,91982,61],{"class":53},[39,91984,5210],{"class":57},[39,91986,61],{"class":53},[39,91988,64],{"class":57},[39,91990,61],{"class":53},[39,91992,69],{"class":57},[39,91994,3340],{"class":53},[20,91996,91997,91998,980,92000,92003],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91999,59718],{},[15,92001,92002],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[160,92005,1244],{"id":1243},[20,92007,33250,92008,117],{},[15,92009,35911],{},[988,92011,92013],{"id":92012},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92015,92016],{},"Many beginners think this:",[30,92018,92020],{"className":32,"code":92019,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92021,92022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92023,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92025,137],{"class":136},[39,92027,124],{"class":53},[39,92029,7810],{"class":478},[39,92031,124],{"class":53},[39,92033,59718],{"class":136},[39,92035,124],{"class":53},[39,92037,58],{"class":57},[39,92039,61],{"class":53},[39,92041,316],{"class":57},[39,92043,2619],{"class":53},[20,92045,92046],{},"will produce:",[30,92048,92050],{"className":32,"code":92049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92051,92052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92053,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92055,3609],{"class":53},[39,92057,58],{"class":57},[39,92059,61],{"class":53},[39,92061,64],{"class":57},[39,92063,61],{"class":53},[39,92065,69],{"class":57},[39,92067,61],{"class":53},[39,92069,94],{"class":57},[39,92071,61],{"class":53},[39,92073,316],{"class":57},[39,92075,3340],{"class":53},[20,92077,92078],{},"But the real output is:",[30,92080,92081],{"className":32,"code":53224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92082,92083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92084,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92086,3609],{"class":53},[39,92088,58],{"class":57},[39,92090,61],{"class":53},[39,92092,64],{"class":57},[39,92094,61],{"class":53},[39,92096,69],{"class":57},[39,92098,61],{"class":53},[39,92100,94],{"class":57},[39,92102,3340],{"class":53},[20,92104,92105],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[988,92107,4289,92109,92111,92112],{"id":92108},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92110,90573],{}," starts at ",[15,92113,58],{},[20,92115,37181,92116,18670,92118,117],{},[15,92117,1826],{},[15,92119,58],{},[30,92121,92122],{"className":32,"code":90766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92123,92124],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92125,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92127,137],{"class":136},[39,92129,124],{"class":53},[39,92131,7810],{"class":478},[39,92133,124],{"class":53},[39,92135,59718],{"class":136},[39,92137,124],{"class":53},[39,92139,1843],{"class":57},[39,92141,2619],{"class":53},[20,92143,353],{},[30,92145,92146],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92147,92148],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92149,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92151,3609],{"class":53},[39,92153,1826],{"class":57},[39,92155,61],{"class":53},[39,92157,5210],{"class":57},[39,92159,61],{"class":53},[39,92161,64],{"class":57},[39,92163,61],{"class":53},[39,92165,69],{"class":57},[39,92167,61],{"class":53},[39,92169,94],{"class":57},[39,92171,3340],{"class":53},[988,92173,92175],{"id":92174},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92177,92178,92179,1250],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92180,2665],{},[30,92182,92184],{"className":32,"code":92183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92185,92186,92205,92209,92226],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92187,92188,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92189,92190],{"class":45},"user_number ",[39,92192,50],{"class":49},[39,92194,7959],{"class":136},[39,92196,124],{"class":53},[39,92198,562],{"class":517},[39,92200,41586],{"class":521},[39,92202,562],{"class":517},[39,92204,130],{"class":53},[39,92206,92207],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,92208,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,92210,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92224],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,92212,5671],{"class":3584},[39,92214,69269],{"class":45},[39,92216,3591],{"class":3584},[39,92218,53789],{"class":136},[39,92220,124],{"class":53},[39,92222,92223],{"class":120},"user_number",[39,92225,8059],{"class":53},[39,92227,92228,92230,92232,92234],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,92229,7785],{"class":136},[39,92231,124],{"class":53},[39,92233,35867],{"class":120},[39,92235,130],{"class":53},[20,92237,48227,92238,92240],{},[15,92239,2665],{}," returns a string.",[20,92242,10521],{},[30,92244,92246],{"className":32,"code":92245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92247,92248,92270,92274,92290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92251,92190],{"class":45},[39,92253,50],{"class":49},[39,92255,44992],{"class":478},[39,92257,124],{"class":53},[39,92259,42178],{"class":136},[39,92261,124],{"class":53},[39,92263,562],{"class":517},[39,92265,41586],{"class":521},[39,92267,562],{"class":517},[39,92269,486],{"class":53},[39,92271,92272],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,92273,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,92277,5671],{"class":3584},[39,92279,69269],{"class":45},[39,92281,3591],{"class":3584},[39,92283,53789],{"class":136},[39,92285,124],{"class":53},[39,92287,92223],{"class":120},[39,92289,8059],{"class":53},[39,92291,92292,92294,92296,92298],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,92293,7785],{"class":136},[39,92295,124],{"class":53},[39,92297,35867],{"class":120},[39,92299,130],{"class":53},[20,92301,92302,92303,117],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[195,92304,50241,92305],{"href":50240},[15,92306,50244],{},[988,92308,92310,92311,92313,92314],{"id":92309},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92312,35785],{}," smaller than ",[15,92315,75147],{},[20,92317,92318],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[30,92320,92321],{"className":32,"code":91248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92322,92323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92324,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92326,137],{"class":136},[39,92328,124],{"class":53},[39,92330,7810],{"class":478},[39,92332,124],{"class":53},[39,92334,59718],{"class":136},[39,92336,124],{"class":53},[39,92338,58],{"class":57},[39,92340,61],{"class":53},[39,92342,316],{"class":57},[39,92344,61],{"class":53},[39,92346,1929],{"class":49},[39,92348,58],{"class":57},[39,92350,2619],{"class":53},[20,92352,353],{},[30,92354,92355],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92356,92357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92358,92359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92360,38010],{"class":53},[20,92362,92363],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[988,92365,25324,92367],{"id":92366},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92368,92369],{},"step = 0",[20,92371,77290],{},[30,92373,92375],{"className":32,"code":92374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92376,92377],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92378,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92380,59718],{"class":136},[39,92382,124],{"class":53},[39,92384,58],{"class":57},[39,92386,61],{"class":53},[39,92388,5718],{"class":57},[39,92390,61],{"class":53},[39,92392,3540],{"class":57},[39,92394,130],{"class":53},[20,92396,92397],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[988,92399,4414,92401,92403],{"id":92400},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92402,35911],{}," is not a list",[20,92405,92406],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[30,92408,92410],{"className":32,"code":92409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92411,92412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92413,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92415,137],{"class":136},[39,92417,124],{"class":53},[39,92419,59718],{"class":136},[39,92421,124],{"class":53},[39,92423,1843],{"class":57},[39,92425,486],{"class":53},[20,92427,353],{},[30,92429,92431],{"className":32,"code":92430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92432,92433],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92434,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92436,59718],{"class":136},[39,92438,124],{"class":53},[39,92440,1826],{"class":57},[39,92442,61],{"class":53},[39,92444,316],{"class":57},[39,92446,130],{"class":53},[20,92448,92449],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[30,92451,92452],{"className":32,"code":90766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92453,92454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92455,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92457,137],{"class":136},[39,92459,124],{"class":53},[39,92461,7810],{"class":478},[39,92463,124],{"class":53},[39,92465,59718],{"class":136},[39,92467,124],{"class":53},[39,92469,1843],{"class":57},[39,92471,2619],{"class":53},[20,92473,353],{},[30,92475,92476],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92477,92478],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92479,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92481,3609],{"class":53},[39,92483,1826],{"class":57},[39,92485,61],{"class":53},[39,92487,5210],{"class":57},[39,92489,61],{"class":53},[39,92491,64],{"class":57},[39,92493,61],{"class":53},[39,92495,69],{"class":57},[39,92497,61],{"class":53},[39,92499,94],{"class":57},[39,92501,3340],{"class":53},[160,92503,92505],{"id":92504},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92507,8592,92508,82061],{},[15,92509,35911],{},[30,92511,92513],{"className":32,"code":92512,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92514,92515,92529,92547,92569,92597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92516,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92518,137],{"class":136},[39,92520,124],{"class":53},[39,92522,59718],{"class":136},[39,92524,124],{"class":53},[39,92526,1843],{"class":57},[39,92528,486],{"class":53},[39,92530,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,92532,137],{"class":136},[39,92534,124],{"class":53},[39,92536,7810],{"class":478},[39,92538,124],{"class":53},[39,92540,59718],{"class":136},[39,92542,124],{"class":53},[39,92544,1843],{"class":57},[39,92546,2619],{"class":53},[39,92548,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,92550,137],{"class":136},[39,92552,124],{"class":53},[39,92554,7810],{"class":478},[39,92556,124],{"class":53},[39,92558,59718],{"class":136},[39,92560,124],{"class":53},[39,92562,85],{"class":57},[39,92564,61],{"class":53},[39,92566,6073],{"class":57},[39,92568,2619],{"class":53},[39,92570,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,92572,137],{"class":136},[39,92574,124],{"class":53},[39,92576,7810],{"class":478},[39,92578,124],{"class":53},[39,92580,59718],{"class":136},[39,92582,124],{"class":53},[39,92584,2037],{"class":57},[39,92586,61],{"class":53},[39,92588,3540],{"class":57},[39,92590,61],{"class":53},[39,92592,1929],{"class":49},[39,92594,85],{"class":57},[39,92596,2619],{"class":53},[39,92598,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,92600,137],{"class":136},[39,92602,124],{"class":53},[39,92604,479],{"class":478},[39,92606,124],{"class":53},[39,92608,59718],{"class":136},[39,92610,124],{"class":53},[39,92612,1843],{"class":57},[39,92614,2619],{"class":53},[20,92616,25716],{},[176,92618,92619,92622,92625],{},[179,92620,92621],{},"what values are being created",[179,92623,92624],{},"whether the direction is correct",[179,92626,92627,92628,24324],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92629,59718],{},[160,92631,1563],{"id":1562},[988,92633,1567,92635,92637],{"id":92634},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92636,35911],{}," include the last number?",[20,92639,92640],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[988,92642,4869,92644,92646,92647,2199],{"id":92643},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92645,90573],{}," start at ",[15,92648,1826],{},[20,92650,92651,92652,117],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92653,1826],{},[988,92655,1577,92657,92659],{"id":92656},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92658,35911],{}," count backward?",[20,92661,92662,92663,117],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92664,92665],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[988,92667,14612,92669,25751],{"id":92668},"is-range-a-list",[15,92670,35911],{},[20,92672,25754,92673,92675,92676,23645],{},[15,92674,59718],{}," object. Use ",[15,92677,92678],{},"list(range(...))",[988,92680,4869,92682,48401],{"id":92681},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92683,92684],{},"range(input())",[20,92686,92687,3188,92689,117],{},[15,92688,2665],{},[15,92690,92691],{},"int(input())",[160,92693,1613],{"id":1612},[176,92695,92696,92700,92706,92712,92718],{},[179,92697,92698],{},[195,92699,35741],{"href":35740},[179,92701,92702],{},[195,92703,13,92704,3213],{"href":42073},[15,92705,42076],{},[179,92707,92708],{},[195,92709,13,92710,3213],{"href":91742},[15,92711,35461],{},[179,92713,92714],{},[195,92715,37232,92716,36322],{"href":36318},[15,92717,35461],{},[179,92719,92720],{},[195,92721,50241,92722],{"href":50240},[15,92723,50244],{},[1642,92725,92726],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":92728},[92729,92730,92732,92738,92746,92753,92755,92767,92768,92780],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":90582,"depth":75,"text":92731},"What range() does",{"id":90675,"depth":75,"text":92733,"children":92734},"range() syntax",[92735,92736,92737],{"id":90755,"depth":99,"text":90758},{"id":90819,"depth":99,"text":90822},{"id":90887,"depth":99,"text":90890},{"id":90958,"depth":75,"text":90959,"children":92739},[92740,92741,92742,92743,92744],{"id":90965,"depth":99,"text":90573},{"id":91028,"depth":99,"text":91031},{"id":91092,"depth":99,"text":91095},{"id":91168,"depth":99,"text":91169},{"id":76534,"depth":99,"text":92745},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91327,"depth":75,"text":92747,"children":92748},"Using range() in a for loop",[92749,92750,92751],{"id":91429,"depth":99,"text":91430},{"id":91474,"depth":99,"text":91475},{"id":91554,"depth":99,"text":92752},"range() and indexing",{"id":91829,"depth":75,"text":92754},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":92756},[92757,92758,92760,92761,92763,92765],{"id":92012,"depth":99,"text":92013},{"id":92108,"depth":99,"text":92759},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92174,"depth":99,"text":92175},{"id":92309,"depth":99,"text":92762},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92366,"depth":99,"text":92764},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92400,"depth":99,"text":92766},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92504,"depth":75,"text":92505},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":92769},[92770,92772,92774,92776,92778],{"id":92634,"depth":99,"text":92771},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92643,"depth":99,"text":92773},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92656,"depth":99,"text":92775},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92668,"depth":99,"text":92777},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92681,"depth":99,"text":92779},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90476,"description":92781},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92788,"title":92789,"body":92790,"description":94463,"extension":1670,"meta":94464,"navigation":102,"path":94465,"seo":94466,"stem":94467,"__hash__":94468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92791,"toc":94436},[92792,92801,92808,92825,92841,92843,92892,92900,92904,92907,92927,92929,92993,92995,93038,93041,93087,93089,93122,93132,93138,93146,93163,93165,93196,93198,93223,93228,93239,93242,93312,93314,93345,93350,93355,93372,93374,93425,93427,93460,93463,93470,93475,93479,93495,93497,93541,93543,93589,93592,93605,93610,93614,93628,93630,93681,93683,93716,93721,93723,93730,93732,93755,93757,93822,93824,93841,93844,93877,93879,93907,93917,93924,93928,93931,93949,93952,93980,93983,94001,94006,94012,94015,94037,94039,94067,94069,94072,94097,94100,94213,94215,94294,94296,94302,94307,94315,94323,94327,94330,94332,94365,94367,94375,94381,94388,94395,94398,94400,94433],[10,92793,13,92795,980,92797,92800],{"id":92794},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92796,35911],{},[15,92798,92799],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92802,92803,4104,92805,92807],{},[15,92804,35911],{},[15,92806,92799],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[176,92809,92810,92818],{},[179,92811,92812,92814,92815],{},[15,92813,35911],{}," creates a ",[382,92816,92817],{},"range object",[179,92819,92820,92814,92822],{},[15,92821,92799],{},[382,92823,92824],{},"real list",[20,92826,92827,92828,92830,92831,92834,92835,92837,92838,92840],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92829,90573],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92832,92833],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92836,35911],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92839,92799],{}," when you actually need a list.",[160,92842,3313],{"id":3312},[30,92844,92846],{"className":32,"code":92845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92847,92848,92862,92875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92849,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92851,1379],{"class":45},[39,92853,50],{"class":49},[39,92855,53789],{"class":136},[39,92857,124],{"class":53},[39,92859,1843],{"class":57},[39,92861,130],{"class":53},[39,92863,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,92865,137],{"class":136},[39,92867,124],{"class":53},[39,92869,1457],{"class":120},[39,92871,3366],{"class":53},[39,92873,92874],{"class":150},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[39,92876,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,92878,137],{"class":136},[39,92880,124],{"class":53},[39,92882,7810],{"class":478},[39,92884,124],{"class":53},[39,92886,1457],{"class":120},[39,92888,5073],{"class":53},[39,92890,92891],{"class":150},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92893,154,92894,92896,92897,92899],{},[15,92895,35911],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92898,92799],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[160,92901,92903],{"id":92902},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92905,92906],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[176,92908,92909,92916,92921,92924],{},[179,92910,92911,380,92913,92915],{},[15,92912,35911],{},[382,92914,92817],{},", not a list",[179,92917,92918,92920],{},[15,92919,92799],{}," converts that range object into a list",[179,92922,92923],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[179,92925,92926],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92928,267],{},[30,92930,92932],{"className":32,"code":92931,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92933,92934,92949,92968,92972,92982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92935,92936,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92937,92938],{"class":45},"r ",[39,92940,50],{"class":49},[39,92942,53789],{"class":136},[39,92944,124],{"class":53},[39,92946,1843],{"class":57},[39,92948,130],{"class":53},[39,92950,92951,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,92952,92953],{"class":45},"lst ",[39,92955,50],{"class":49},[39,92957,22266],{"class":478},[39,92959,124],{"class":53},[39,92961,59718],{"class":136},[39,92963,124],{"class":53},[39,92965,1843],{"class":57},[39,92967,486],{"class":53},[39,92969,92970],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,92971,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,92973,92974,92976,92978,92980],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,92975,137],{"class":136},[39,92977,124],{"class":53},[39,92979,60225],{"class":120},[39,92981,130],{"class":53},[39,92983,92984,92986,92988,92991],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,92985,137],{"class":136},[39,92987,124],{"class":53},[39,92989,92990],{"class":120},"lst",[39,92992,130],{"class":53},[20,92994,353],{},[30,92996,92998],{"className":32,"code":92997,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92999,93000,93014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93001,93002,93004,93006,93008,93010,93012],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93003,59718],{"class":136},[39,93005,124],{"class":53},[39,93007,1826],{"class":57},[39,93009,61],{"class":53},[39,93011,316],{"class":57},[39,93013,130],{"class":53},[39,93015,93016,93018,93020,93022,93024,93026,93028,93030,93032,93034,93036],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93017,3609],{"class":53},[39,93019,1826],{"class":57},[39,93021,61],{"class":53},[39,93023,5210],{"class":57},[39,93025,61],{"class":53},[39,93027,64],{"class":57},[39,93029,61],{"class":53},[39,93031,69],{"class":57},[39,93033,61],{"class":53},[39,93035,94],{"class":57},[39,93037,3340],{"class":53},[20,93039,93040],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[30,93042,93044],{"className":32,"code":93043,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93045,93046,93064],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93047,93048,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93049,137],{"class":136},[39,93051,124],{"class":53},[39,93053,479],{"class":478},[39,93055,124],{"class":53},[39,93057,59718],{"class":136},[39,93059,124],{"class":53},[39,93061,1843],{"class":57},[39,93063,2619],{"class":53},[39,93065,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93067,137],{"class":136},[39,93069,124],{"class":53},[39,93071,479],{"class":478},[39,93073,124],{"class":53},[39,93075,7810],{"class":478},[39,93077,124],{"class":53},[39,93079,59718],{"class":136},[39,93081,124],{"class":53},[39,93083,1843],{"class":57},[39,93085,93086],{"class":53},"))))\n",[20,93088,353],{},[30,93090,93092],{"className":32,"code":93091,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93093,93094,93108],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93095,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93097,510],{"class":49},[39,93099,514],{"class":513},[39,93101,518],{"class":517},[39,93103,59718],{"class":521},[39,93105,524],{"class":517},[39,93107,527],{"class":49},[39,93109,93110,93112,93114,93116,93118,93120],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93111,510],{"class":49},[39,93113,514],{"class":513},[39,93115,518],{"class":517},[39,93117,7810],{"class":521},[39,93119,524],{"class":517},[39,93121,527],{"class":49},[20,93123,93124,93125,93127,93128,117],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93126,35911],{}," works, see ",[195,93129,13,93130,3213],{"href":92783},[15,93131,35911],{},[160,93133,3383,93135,93137],{"id":93134},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93136,35911],{}," gives you",[20,93139,93140,93142,93143,93145],{},[15,93141,35911],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93144,5671],{}," loops.",[176,93147,93148,93151,93154,93157],{},[179,93149,93150],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[179,93152,93153],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[179,93155,93156],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[179,93158,93159,93160],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93161,93162],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93164,267],{},[30,93166,93168],{"className":32,"code":93167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93169,93170,93186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93171,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93173,5671],{"class":3584},[39,93175,69269],{"class":45},[39,93177,3591],{"class":3584},[39,93179,53789],{"class":136},[39,93181,124],{"class":53},[39,93183,1843],{"class":57},[39,93185,8059],{"class":53},[39,93187,93188,93190,93192,93194],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93189,7785],{"class":136},[39,93191,124],{"class":53},[39,93193,35867],{"class":120},[39,93195,130],{"class":53},[20,93197,353],{},[30,93199,93201],{"className":32,"code":93200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93202,93203,93207,93211,93215,93219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93204,93205],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93206,46968],{"class":57},[39,93208,93209],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93210,46633],{"class":57},[39,93212,93213],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93214,1553],{"class":57},[39,93216,93217],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93218,46333],{"class":57},[39,93220,93221],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,93222,48367],{"class":57},[20,93224,20478,93225,93227],{},[15,93226,90573],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93229,93230,93231,93233,93234,117],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93232,35911],{}," is so common with ",[195,93235,13,93237,90604],{"href":93236},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93238,5671],{},[20,93240,93241],{},"You can also inspect it:",[30,93243,93245],{"className":32,"code":93244,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93246,93247,93269,93273,93283,93297],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93248,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93250,92938],{"class":45},[39,93252,50],{"class":49},[39,93254,53789],{"class":136},[39,93256,124],{"class":53},[39,93258,85],{"class":57},[39,93260,61],{"class":53},[39,93262,5718],{"class":57},[39,93264,61],{"class":53},[39,93266,64],{"class":57},[39,93268,130],{"class":53},[39,93270,93271],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93272,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,93274,93275,93277,93279,93281],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93276,137],{"class":136},[39,93278,124],{"class":53},[39,93280,60225],{"class":120},[39,93282,130],{"class":53},[39,93284,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93286,137],{"class":136},[39,93288,124],{"class":53},[39,93290,1361],{"class":136},[39,93292,124],{"class":53},[39,93294,60225],{"class":120},[39,93296,486],{"class":53},[39,93298,93299,93301,93303,93305,93307,93310],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,93300,137],{"class":136},[39,93302,124],{"class":53},[39,93304,80315],{"class":57},[39,93306,20881],{"class":3584},[39,93308,93309],{"class":120}," r",[39,93311,130],{"class":53},[20,93313,353],{},[30,93315,93317],{"className":32,"code":93316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93318,93319,93337,93341],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93320,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93322,59718],{"class":136},[39,93324,124],{"class":53},[39,93326,85],{"class":57},[39,93328,61],{"class":53},[39,93330,5718],{"class":57},[39,93332,61],{"class":53},[39,93334,64],{"class":57},[39,93336,130],{"class":53},[39,93338,93339],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93340,48367],{"class":57},[39,93342,93343],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93344,3689],{"class":3559},[160,93346,3383,93348,93137],{"id":93347},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93349,92799],{},[20,93351,93352,93354],{},[15,93353,92799],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[176,93356,93357,93360,93363,93366],{},[179,93358,93359],{},"It creates all values at once",[179,93361,93362],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[179,93364,93365],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[179,93367,93368,93369,93371],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93370,35911],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93373,267],{},[30,93375,93377],{"className":32,"code":93376,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93378,93379,93397,93401,93411],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93380,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93382,1379],{"class":45},[39,93384,50],{"class":49},[39,93386,22266],{"class":478},[39,93388,124],{"class":53},[39,93390,59718],{"class":136},[39,93392,124],{"class":53},[39,93394,1843],{"class":57},[39,93396,486],{"class":53},[39,93398,93399],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93400,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,93402,93403,93405,93407,93409],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93404,137],{"class":136},[39,93406,124],{"class":53},[39,93408,1457],{"class":120},[39,93410,130],{"class":53},[39,93412,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93414,137],{"class":136},[39,93416,124],{"class":53},[39,93418,1457],{"class":120},[39,93420,3609],{"class":53},[39,93422,85],{"class":57},[39,93424,3597],{"class":53},[20,93426,353],{},[30,93428,93430],{"className":32,"code":93429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93431,93432,93456],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93433,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93435,3609],{"class":53},[39,93437,1826],{"class":57},[39,93439,61],{"class":53},[39,93441,5210],{"class":57},[39,93443,61],{"class":53},[39,93445,64],{"class":57},[39,93447,61],{"class":53},[39,93449,69],{"class":57},[39,93451,61],{"class":53},[39,93453,94],{"class":57},[39,93455,3340],{"class":53},[39,93457,93458],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93459,1553],{"class":57},[20,93461,93462],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93464,93465,93466,117],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[195,93467,13,93468,3213],{"href":64568},[15,93469,24488],{},[160,93471,4671,93473],{"id":93472},"when-to-use-range",[15,93474,35911],{},[20,93476,154,93477,10315],{},[15,93478,35911],{},[176,93480,93481,93486,93489,93492],{},[179,93482,93483,93484,91333],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93485,5671],{},[179,93487,93488],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[179,93490,93491],{},"You are working with large sequences",[179,93493,93494],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93496,267],{},[30,93498,93500],{"className":32,"code":93499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93501,93502,93522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93503,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93505,5671],{"class":3584},[39,93507,69269],{"class":45},[39,93509,3591],{"class":3584},[39,93511,53789],{"class":136},[39,93513,124],{"class":53},[39,93515,58],{"class":57},[39,93517,61],{"class":53},[39,93519,806],{"class":57},[39,93521,8059],{"class":53},[39,93523,93524,93526,93528,93530,93533,93535,93537,93539],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93525,7785],{"class":136},[39,93527,124],{"class":53},[39,93529,562],{"class":517},[39,93531,93532],{"class":521},"Count:",[39,93534,562],{"class":517},[39,93536,61],{"class":53},[39,93538,35842],{"class":120},[39,93540,130],{"class":53},[20,93542,353],{},[30,93544,93546],{"className":32,"code":93545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93547,93548,93557,93565,93573,93581],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93549,93550,93553,93555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93551,93552],{"class":45},"Count",[39,93554,1250],{"class":53},[39,93556,29324],{"class":57},[39,93558,93559,93561,93563],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93560,93552],{"class":45},[39,93562,1250],{"class":53},[39,93564,45305],{"class":57},[39,93566,93567,93569,93571],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93568,93552],{"class":45},[39,93570,1250],{"class":53},[39,93572,2284],{"class":57},[39,93574,93575,93577,93579],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93576,93552],{"class":45},[39,93578,1250],{"class":53},[39,93580,23370],{"class":57},[39,93582,93583,93585,93587],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,93584,93552],{"class":45},[39,93586,1250],{"class":53},[39,93588,34553],{"class":57},[20,93590,93591],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93593,93594,93595,93597,93598,62008,93600,117],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93596,35461],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93599,36312],{},[195,93601,36319,93603,36322],{"href":93602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93604,35461],{},[160,93606,4671,93608],{"id":93607},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93609,92799],{},[20,93611,154,93612,10315],{},[15,93613,92799],{},[176,93615,93616,93619,93622,93625],{},[179,93617,93618],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[179,93620,93621],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[179,93623,93624],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[179,93626,93627],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93629,267],{},[30,93631,93633],{"className":32,"code":93632,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93634,93635,93653,93667,93671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93636,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93638,1379],{"class":45},[39,93640,50],{"class":49},[39,93642,22266],{"class":478},[39,93644,124],{"class":53},[39,93646,59718],{"class":136},[39,93648,124],{"class":53},[39,93650,1843],{"class":57},[39,93652,486],{"class":53},[39,93654,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663,93665],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93656,1457],{"class":45},[39,93658,117],{"class":53},[39,93660,13262],{"class":120},[39,93662,124],{"class":53},[39,93664,1843],{"class":57},[39,93666,130],{"class":53},[39,93668,93669],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93670,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,93672,93673,93675,93677,93679],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93674,137],{"class":136},[39,93676,124],{"class":53},[39,93678,1457],{"class":120},[39,93680,130],{"class":53},[20,93682,353],{},[30,93684,93686],{"className":32,"code":93685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93687,93688],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93689,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93691,3609],{"class":53},[39,93693,1826],{"class":57},[39,93695,61],{"class":53},[39,93697,5210],{"class":57},[39,93699,61],{"class":53},[39,93701,64],{"class":57},[39,93703,61],{"class":53},[39,93705,69],{"class":57},[39,93707,61],{"class":53},[39,93709,94],{"class":57},[39,93711,61],{"class":53},[39,93713,316],{"class":57},[39,93715,3340],{"class":53},[20,93717,5774,93718,93720],{},[15,93719,1457],{}," is a list.",[160,93722,15306],{"id":15305},[20,93724,93725,93727,93728,117],{},[15,93726,35911],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[382,93729,37311],{},[20,93731,1813],{},[176,93733,93734,93736,93741,93746,93749],{},[179,93735,21692],{},[179,93737,93738,93739],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93740,42076],{},[179,93742,93743,93744],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93745,3591],{},[179,93747,93748],{},"You can index it",[179,93750,93751,93752,93754],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93753,52371],{}," do not work on it",[20,93756,267],{},[30,93758,93760],{"className":32,"code":93759,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93761,93762,93776,93780,93794,93808],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93763,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93765,92938],{"class":45},[39,93767,50],{"class":49},[39,93769,53789],{"class":136},[39,93771,124],{"class":53},[39,93773,1843],{"class":57},[39,93775,130],{"class":53},[39,93777,93778],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93779,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,93781,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93783,137],{"class":136},[39,93785,124],{"class":53},[39,93787,60225],{"class":120},[39,93789,3609],{"class":53},[39,93791,85],{"class":57},[39,93793,3597],{"class":53},[39,93795,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,93797,137],{"class":136},[39,93799,124],{"class":53},[39,93801,1361],{"class":136},[39,93803,124],{"class":53},[39,93805,60225],{"class":120},[39,93807,486],{"class":53},[39,93809,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,93811,137],{"class":136},[39,93813,124],{"class":53},[39,93815,307],{"class":57},[39,93817,20881],{"class":3584},[39,93819,93309],{"class":120},[39,93821,130],{"class":53},[20,93823,353],{},[30,93825,93827],{"className":32,"code":93826,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93828,93829,93833,93837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93830,93831],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93832,1553],{"class":57},[39,93834,93835],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93836,2654],{"class":57},[39,93838,93839],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,93840,3689],{"class":3559},[20,93842,93843],{},"Now compare that with this:",[30,93845,93847],{"className":32,"code":93846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93848,93849,93863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93852,92938],{"class":45},[39,93854,50],{"class":49},[39,93856,53789],{"class":136},[39,93858,124],{"class":53},[39,93860,1843],{"class":57},[39,93862,130],{"class":53},[39,93864,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,93866,60225],{"class":45},[39,93868,117],{"class":53},[39,93870,13262],{"class":120},[39,93872,124],{"class":53},[39,93874,1843],{"class":57},[39,93876,130],{"class":53},[20,93878,353],{},[30,93880,93882],{"className":32,"code":93881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93883,93884],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93885,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93901,93903,93905],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93887,25379],{"class":478},[39,93889,1250],{"class":53},[39,93891,518],{"class":517},[39,93893,59718],{"class":521},[39,93895,524],{"class":517},[39,93897,24324],{"class":478},[39,93899,93900],{"class":45}," has no attribute ",[39,93902,524],{"class":517},[39,93904,13262],{"class":521},[39,93906,29409],{"class":517},[20,93908,93909,93910,1896,93912,1900,93914,93916],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93911,52371],{},[15,93913,55248],{},[15,93915,64032],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93918,93919,93920,117],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[195,93921,25387,93922],{"href":35131},[15,93923,33965],{},[160,93925,93927],{"id":93926},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93929,93930],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[30,93932,93933],{"className":32,"code":92409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93934,93935],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93936,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93938,137],{"class":136},[39,93940,124],{"class":53},[39,93942,59718],{"class":136},[39,93944,124],{"class":53},[39,93946,1843],{"class":57},[39,93948,486],{"class":53},[20,93950,93951],{},"to show:",[30,93953,93954],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93955,93956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93957,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93959,3609],{"class":53},[39,93961,1826],{"class":57},[39,93963,61],{"class":53},[39,93965,5210],{"class":57},[39,93967,61],{"class":53},[39,93969,64],{"class":57},[39,93971,61],{"class":53},[39,93973,69],{"class":57},[39,93975,61],{"class":53},[39,93977,94],{"class":57},[39,93979,3340],{"class":53},[20,93981,93982],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[30,93984,93985],{"className":32,"code":92430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93986,93987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93988,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93990,59718],{"class":136},[39,93992,124],{"class":53},[39,93994,1826],{"class":57},[39,93996,61],{"class":53},[39,93998,316],{"class":57},[39,94000,130],{"class":53},[20,94002,4337,94003,94005],{},[382,94004,4340],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94007,94008,94009,94011],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[382,94010,92817],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94013,94014],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[30,94016,94017],{"className":32,"code":90766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,94018,94019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94020,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94022,137],{"class":136},[39,94024,124],{"class":53},[39,94026,7810],{"class":478},[39,94028,124],{"class":53},[39,94030,59718],{"class":136},[39,94032,124],{"class":53},[39,94034,1843],{"class":57},[39,94036,2619],{"class":53},[20,94038,353],{},[30,94040,94041],{"className":32,"code":59741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,94042,94043],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94044,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063,94065],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94046,3609],{"class":53},[39,94048,1826],{"class":57},[39,94050,61],{"class":53},[39,94052,5210],{"class":57},[39,94054,61],{"class":53},[39,94056,64],{"class":57},[39,94058,61],{"class":53},[39,94060,69],{"class":57},[39,94062,61],{"class":53},[39,94064,94],{"class":57},[39,94066,3340],{"class":53},[160,94068,2537],{"id":2536},[20,94070,94071],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[176,94073,94074,94080,94083,94089],{},[179,94075,718,94076,94079],{},[15,94077,94078],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[179,94081,94082],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[179,94084,94085,94086,94088],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94087,35911],{}," is iterable but not a list",[179,94090,718,94091,94093,94094,94096],{},[15,94092,92799],{}," when plain ",[15,94095,35911],{}," would be simpler",[20,94098,94099],{},"These quick checks can help:",[30,94101,94103],{"className":32,"code":94102,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94104,94105,94119,94137,94155,94177,94195],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94106,94107,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94108,137],{"class":136},[39,94110,124],{"class":53},[39,94112,59718],{"class":136},[39,94114,124],{"class":53},[39,94116,1843],{"class":57},[39,94118,486],{"class":53},[39,94120,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94122,137],{"class":136},[39,94124,124],{"class":53},[39,94126,7810],{"class":478},[39,94128,124],{"class":53},[39,94130,59718],{"class":136},[39,94132,124],{"class":53},[39,94134,1843],{"class":57},[39,94136,2619],{"class":53},[39,94138,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94140,137],{"class":136},[39,94142,124],{"class":53},[39,94144,479],{"class":478},[39,94146,124],{"class":53},[39,94148,59718],{"class":136},[39,94150,124],{"class":53},[39,94152,1843],{"class":57},[39,94154,2619],{"class":53},[39,94156,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,94158,137],{"class":136},[39,94160,124],{"class":53},[39,94162,479],{"class":478},[39,94164,124],{"class":53},[39,94166,7810],{"class":478},[39,94168,124],{"class":53},[39,94170,59718],{"class":136},[39,94172,124],{"class":53},[39,94174,1843],{"class":57},[39,94176,93086],{"class":53},[39,94178,94179,94181,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,94180,137],{"class":136},[39,94182,124],{"class":53},[39,94184,307],{"class":57},[39,94186,20881],{"class":3584},[39,94188,53789],{"class":136},[39,94190,124],{"class":53},[39,94192,1843],{"class":57},[39,94194,486],{"class":53},[39,94196,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,94198,137],{"class":136},[39,94200,124],{"class":53},[39,94202,1361],{"class":136},[39,94204,124],{"class":53},[39,94206,59718],{"class":136},[39,94208,124],{"class":53},[39,94210,1843],{"class":57},[39,94212,2619],{"class":53},[20,94214,353],{},[30,94216,94218],{"className":32,"code":94217,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94219,94220,94234,94258,94272,94286,94290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94221,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94223,59718],{"class":136},[39,94225,124],{"class":53},[39,94227,1826],{"class":57},[39,94229,61],{"class":53},[39,94231,316],{"class":57},[39,94233,130],{"class":53},[39,94235,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94237,3609],{"class":53},[39,94239,1826],{"class":57},[39,94241,61],{"class":53},[39,94243,5210],{"class":57},[39,94245,61],{"class":53},[39,94247,64],{"class":57},[39,94249,61],{"class":53},[39,94251,69],{"class":57},[39,94253,61],{"class":53},[39,94255,94],{"class":57},[39,94257,3340],{"class":53},[39,94259,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94261,510],{"class":49},[39,94263,514],{"class":513},[39,94265,518],{"class":517},[39,94267,59718],{"class":521},[39,94269,524],{"class":517},[39,94271,527],{"class":49},[39,94273,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,94275,510],{"class":49},[39,94277,514],{"class":513},[39,94279,518],{"class":517},[39,94281,7810],{"class":521},[39,94283,524],{"class":517},[39,94285,527],{"class":49},[39,94287,94288],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,94289,3689],{"class":3559},[39,94291,94292],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,94293,2654],{"class":57},[160,94295,1563],{"id":1562},[988,94297,14612,94299,94301],{"id":94298},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94300,35911],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94303,46081,94304,94306],{},[15,94305,35911],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[988,94308,94310,94311,10806,94313,2199],{"id":94309},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94312,35911],{},[15,94314,92799],{},[20,94316,94317,94319,94320,94322],{},[15,94318,35911],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94321,92799],{}," creates a full list.",[988,94324,94326],{"id":94325},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94328,94329],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94331,267],{},[30,94333,94335],{"className":32,"code":94334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94336,94337,94351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94340,92938],{"class":45},[39,94342,50],{"class":49},[39,94344,53789],{"class":136},[39,94346,124],{"class":53},[39,94348,1843],{"class":57},[39,94350,130],{"class":53},[39,94352,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94354,137],{"class":136},[39,94356,124],{"class":53},[39,94358,60225],{"class":120},[39,94360,3609],{"class":53},[39,94362,58],{"class":57},[39,94364,3597],{"class":53},[20,94366,353],{},[30,94368,94369],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,94370,94371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94372,94373],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94374,46633],{"class":57},[988,94376,4869,94378,94380],{"id":94377},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94379,94078],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94382,94383,94384,94387],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94385,94386],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[988,94389,94391,94392,94394],{"id":94390},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94393,35911],{}," to a list?",[20,94396,94397],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[160,94399,1613],{"id":1612},[176,94401,94402,94408,94414,94421,94427],{},[179,94403,94404],{},[195,94405,13,94406,3213],{"href":92783},[15,94407,35911],{},[179,94409,94410],{},[195,94411,13,94412,3213],{"href":64568},[15,94413,24488],{},[179,94415,94416],{},[195,94417,13,94418,94420],{"href":93236},[15,94419,5671],{}," loops explained",[179,94422,94423],{},[195,94424,37232,94425,36322],{"href":93602},[15,94426,35461],{},[179,94428,94429],{},[195,94430,25830,94431],{"href":35131},[15,94432,33965],{},[1642,94434,94435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":94437},[94438,94439,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94449,94450,94451,94462],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":92902,"depth":75,"text":92903},{"id":93134,"depth":75,"text":94441},"What range() gives you",{"id":93347,"depth":75,"text":94443},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93472,"depth":75,"text":94445},"When to use range()",{"id":93607,"depth":75,"text":94447},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15305,"depth":75,"text":15306},{"id":93926,"depth":75,"text":93927},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":94452},[94453,94455,94457,94458,94460],{"id":94298,"depth":99,"text":94454},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94309,"depth":99,"text":94456},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94325,"depth":99,"text":94326},{"id":94377,"depth":99,"text":94459},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94390,"depth":99,"text":94461},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92789,"description":94463},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94470,"title":94471,"body":94472,"description":95908,"extension":1670,"meta":95909,"navigation":102,"path":95910,"seo":95911,"stem":95912,"__hash__":95913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94473,"toc":95874},[94474,94480,94485,94488,94502,94505,94507,94546,94548,94561,94569,94574,94590,94593,94595,94597,94618,94635,94638,94697,94699,94718,94723,94729,94732,94766,94768,94781,94784,94829,94831,94854,94861,94867,94870,94911,94913,94927,94930,94988,94990,95005,95018,95024,95030,95095,95097,95116,95118,95136,95139,95143,95149,95151,95184,95186,95199,95209,95212,95273,95275,95296,95299,95301,95317,95322,95326,95331,95336,95392,95394,95412,95415,95460,95462,95470,95475,95479,95493,95495,95527,95529,95538,95540,95544,95553,95556,95588,95590,95602,95605,95609,95614,95655,95657,95665,95668,95691,95695,95697,95706,95709,95762,95764,95773,95777,95782,95793,95795,95804,95807,95813,95816,95822,95832,95840,95847,95849,95871],[10,94475,13,94477,3283],{"id":94476},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94478,94479],{},"round()",[20,94481,8840,94482,94484],{},[15,94483,94479],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94486,94487],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[176,94489,94490,94496],{},[179,94491,94492,94495],{},[15,94493,94494],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[179,94497,94498,94501],{},[15,94499,94500],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94503,94504],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[160,94506,1711],{"id":1710},[30,94508,94510],{"className":32,"code":94509,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94511,94512,94528],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94513,94514,94516,94518,94521,94523,94526],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94515,137],{"class":136},[39,94517,124],{"class":53},[39,94519,94520],{"class":136},"round",[39,94522,124],{"class":53},[39,94524,94525],{"class":57},"3.14159",[39,94527,486],{"class":53},[39,94529,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94531,137],{"class":136},[39,94533,124],{"class":53},[39,94535,94520],{"class":136},[39,94537,124],{"class":53},[39,94539,94525],{"class":57},[39,94541,61],{"class":53},[39,94543,64],{"class":57},[39,94545,486],{"class":53},[20,94547,353],{},[30,94549,94551],{"className":32,"code":94550,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94552,94553,94557],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94554,94555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94556,46333],{"class":57},[39,94558,94559],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94560,39891],{"class":57},[20,94562,154,94563,94565,94566,94568],{},[15,94564,94494],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94567,94500],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[160,94570,3383,94572,3386],{"id":94571},"what-round-does",[15,94573,94479],{},[176,94575,94576,94581,94584,94587],{},[179,94577,94578,94580],{},[15,94579,94479],{}," is a built-in Python function",[179,94582,94583],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[179,94585,94586],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[179,94588,94589],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94591,94592],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[160,94594,202],{"id":201},[20,94596,1866],{},[30,94598,94600],{"className":32,"code":94599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94601,94602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94603,94604,94606,94608,94610,94613,94616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94605,94520],{"class":136},[39,94607,124],{"class":53},[39,94609,1946],{"class":120},[39,94611,94612],{"class":53},"[,",[39,94614,94615],{"class":120}," ndigits",[39,94617,3597],{"class":53},[176,94619,94620,94625,94630],{},[179,94621,94622,94624],{},[15,94623,1946],{}," is the value to round",[179,94626,94627,19746],{},[15,94628,94629],{},"ndigits",[179,94631,94632,94634],{},[15,94633,94629],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94636,94637],{},"Basic examples:",[30,94639,94641],{"className":32,"code":94640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94642,94643,94658,94676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94644,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94646,137],{"class":136},[39,94648,124],{"class":53},[39,94650,94520],{"class":136},[39,94652,124],{"class":53},[39,94654,94655],{"class":57},"7.8",[39,94657,486],{"class":53},[39,94659,94660,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672,94674],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94661,137],{"class":136},[39,94663,124],{"class":53},[39,94665,94520],{"class":136},[39,94667,124],{"class":53},[39,94669,94655],{"class":57},[39,94671,61],{"class":53},[39,94673,5210],{"class":57},[39,94675,486],{"class":53},[39,94677,94678,94680,94682,94684,94686,94689,94691,94693,94695],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94679,137],{"class":136},[39,94681,124],{"class":53},[39,94683,94520],{"class":136},[39,94685,124],{"class":53},[39,94687,94688],{"class":57},"1234",[39,94690,61],{"class":53},[39,94692,1929],{"class":49},[39,94694,85],{"class":57},[39,94696,486],{"class":53},[20,94698,353],{},[30,94700,94702],{"className":32,"code":94701,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94703,94704,94708,94713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94705,94706],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94707,2088],{"class":57},[39,94709,94710],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94711,94712],{"class":57},"7.8\n",[39,94714,94715],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94716,94717],{"class":57},"1200\n",[20,94719,94720,94721,117],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[195,94722,2127],{"href":2126},[160,94724,718,94726,94728],{"id":94725},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94727,94479],{}," with one argument",[20,94730,94731],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[30,94733,94735],{"className":32,"code":94734,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94736,94737,94751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94738,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747,94749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94740,137],{"class":136},[39,94742,124],{"class":53},[39,94744,94520],{"class":136},[39,94746,124],{"class":53},[39,94748,2069],{"class":57},[39,94750,486],{"class":53},[39,94752,94753,94755,94757,94759,94761,94764],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94754,137],{"class":136},[39,94756,124],{"class":53},[39,94758,94520],{"class":136},[39,94760,124],{"class":53},[39,94762,94763],{"class":57},"4.8",[39,94765,486],{"class":53},[20,94767,353],{},[30,94769,94771],{"className":32,"code":94770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4\n5\n",[15,94772,94773,94777],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94774,94775],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94776,48367],{"class":57},[39,94778,94779],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94780,2654],{"class":57},[20,94782,94783],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[30,94785,94787],{"className":32,"code":94786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94788,94789,94805,94815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94790,94791,94793,94795,94798,94800,94803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94792,109],{"class":45},[39,94794,50],{"class":49},[39,94796,94797],{"class":136}," round",[39,94799,124],{"class":53},[39,94801,94802],{"class":57},"10.2",[39,94804,130],{"class":53},[39,94806,94807,94809,94811,94813],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94808,137],{"class":136},[39,94810,124],{"class":53},[39,94812,142],{"class":120},[39,94814,130],{"class":53},[39,94816,94817,94819,94821,94823,94825,94827],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94818,137],{"class":136},[39,94820,124],{"class":53},[39,94822,479],{"class":478},[39,94824,124],{"class":53},[39,94826,142],{"class":120},[39,94828,486],{"class":53},[20,94830,353],{},[30,94832,94834],{"className":32,"code":94833,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94835,94836,94840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94837,94838],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94839,2083],{"class":57},[39,94841,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850,94852],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94843,510],{"class":49},[39,94845,514],{"class":513},[39,94847,518],{"class":517},[39,94849,1895],{"class":521},[39,94851,524],{"class":517},[39,94853,527],{"class":49},[20,94855,94856,94857,117],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[195,94858,13,94859,3213],{"href":2582},[15,94860,2585],{},[160,94862,718,94864,94866],{"id":94863},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94865,94479],{}," with decimal places",[20,94868,94869],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[30,94871,94873],{"className":32,"code":94872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94874,94875,94893],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94876,94877,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94878,137],{"class":136},[39,94880,124],{"class":53},[39,94882,94520],{"class":136},[39,94884,124],{"class":53},[39,94886,94525],{"class":57},[39,94888,61],{"class":53},[39,94890,64],{"class":57},[39,94892,486],{"class":53},[39,94894,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94896,137],{"class":136},[39,94898,124],{"class":53},[39,94900,94520],{"class":136},[39,94902,124],{"class":53},[39,94904,94525],{"class":57},[39,94906,61],{"class":53},[39,94908,69],{"class":57},[39,94910,486],{"class":53},[20,94912,353],{},[30,94914,94916],{"className":32,"code":94915,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94917,94918,94922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94919,94920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94921,39891],{"class":57},[39,94923,94924],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94925,94926],{"class":57},"3.142\n",[20,94928,94929],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[30,94931,94933],{"className":32,"code":94932,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94934,94935,94944,94963,94967,94977],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94936,94937,94939,94941],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94938,40101],{"class":45},[39,94940,50],{"class":49},[39,94942,94943],{"class":57}," 19.9876\n",[39,94945,94946,94949,94951,94953,94955,94957,94959,94961],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,94947,94948],{"class":45},"rounded_price ",[39,94950,50],{"class":49},[39,94952,94797],{"class":136},[39,94954,124],{"class":53},[39,94956,24857],{"class":120},[39,94958,61],{"class":53},[39,94960,64],{"class":57},[39,94962,130],{"class":53},[39,94964,94965],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,94966,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,94968,94969,94971,94973,94975],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,94970,137],{"class":136},[39,94972,124],{"class":53},[39,94974,24857],{"class":120},[39,94976,130],{"class":53},[39,94978,94979,94981,94983,94986],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,94980,137],{"class":136},[39,94982,124],{"class":53},[39,94984,94985],{"class":120},"rounded_price",[39,94987,130],{"class":53},[20,94989,353],{},[30,94991,94993],{"className":32,"code":94992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94994,94995,95000],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94996,94997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94998,94999],{"class":57},"19.9876\n",[39,95001,95002],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95003,95004],{"class":57},"19.99\n",[20,95006,95007,95008,95011,95012,1292,95014,117],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95009,95010],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[195,95013,40606],{"href":40605},[195,95015,13,95016,3213],{"href":2588},[15,95017,2591],{},[160,95019,95021,95022],{"id":95020},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95023,94629],{},[20,95025,95026,95027,95029],{},"A negative ",[15,95028,94629],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[30,95031,95033],{"className":32,"code":95032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95034,95035,95055,95075],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95036,95037,95039,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95038,137],{"class":136},[39,95040,124],{"class":53},[39,95042,94520],{"class":136},[39,95044,124],{"class":53},[39,95046,94688],{"class":57},[39,95048,61],{"class":53},[39,95050,1929],{"class":49},[39,95052,58],{"class":57},[39,95054,486],{"class":53},[39,95056,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95058,137],{"class":136},[39,95060,124],{"class":53},[39,95062,94520],{"class":136},[39,95064,124],{"class":53},[39,95066,94688],{"class":57},[39,95068,61],{"class":53},[39,95070,1929],{"class":49},[39,95072,85],{"class":57},[39,95074,486],{"class":53},[39,95076,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95078,137],{"class":136},[39,95080,124],{"class":53},[39,95082,94520],{"class":136},[39,95084,124],{"class":53},[39,95086,94688],{"class":57},[39,95088,61],{"class":53},[39,95090,1929],{"class":49},[39,95092,307],{"class":57},[39,95094,486],{"class":53},[20,95096,353],{},[30,95098,95100],{"className":32,"code":95099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95101,95102,95107,95111],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95103,95104],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95105,95106],{"class":57},"1230\n",[39,95108,95109],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95110,94717],{"class":57},[39,95112,95113],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95114,95115],{"class":57},"1000\n",[20,95117,65305],{},[176,95119,95120,95125,95131],{},[179,95121,95122,95124],{},[15,95123,65575],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[179,95126,95127,95130],{},[15,95128,95129],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[179,95132,95133,95135],{},[15,95134,47387],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95137,95138],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[160,95140,95142],{"id":95141},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95144,95145,95146,117],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95147,95148],{},".5",[20,95150,5184],{},[30,95152,95154],{"className":32,"code":95153,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95155,95156,95170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95157,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166,95168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95159,137],{"class":136},[39,95161,124],{"class":53},[39,95163,94520],{"class":136},[39,95165,124],{"class":53},[39,95167,40873],{"class":57},[39,95169,486],{"class":53},[39,95171,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180,95182],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95173,137],{"class":136},[39,95175,124],{"class":53},[39,95177,94520],{"class":136},[39,95179,124],{"class":53},[39,95181,1748],{"class":57},[39,95183,486],{"class":53},[20,95185,353],{},[30,95187,95189],{"className":32,"code":95188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n4\n",[15,95190,95191,95195],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95192,95193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95194,1553],{"class":57},[39,95196,95197],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95198,48367],{"class":57},[20,95200,95201,95202,95205,95206,95208],{},"Python uses ",[382,95203,95204],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95207,95148],{}," situations.",[20,95210,95211],{},"More examples:",[30,95213,95215],{"className":32,"code":95214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95216,95217,95231,95245,95259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95218,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95220,137],{"class":136},[39,95222,124],{"class":53},[39,95224,94520],{"class":136},[39,95226,124],{"class":53},[39,95228,40886],{"class":57},[39,95230,486],{"class":53},[39,95232,95233,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95234,137],{"class":136},[39,95236,124],{"class":53},[39,95238,94520],{"class":136},[39,95240,124],{"class":53},[39,95242,40873],{"class":57},[39,95244,486],{"class":53},[39,95246,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95248,137],{"class":136},[39,95250,124],{"class":53},[39,95252,94520],{"class":136},[39,95254,124],{"class":53},[39,95256,1748],{"class":57},[39,95258,486],{"class":53},[39,95260,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95262,137],{"class":136},[39,95264,124],{"class":53},[39,95266,94520],{"class":136},[39,95268,124],{"class":53},[39,95270,40838],{"class":57},[39,95272,486],{"class":53},[20,95274,353],{},[30,95276,95278],{"className":32,"code":95277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95279,95280,95284,95288,95292],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95281,95282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95283,1553],{"class":57},[39,95285,95286],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95287,1553],{"class":57},[39,95289,95290],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95291,48367],{"class":57},[39,95293,95294],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95295,48367],{"class":57},[20,95297,95298],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95300,10427],{},[176,95302,95303,95310],{},[179,95304,95305,1840,95308],{},[15,95306,95307],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95309,85],{},[179,95311,95312,1840,95315],{},[15,95313,95314],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95316,2212],{},[20,95318,2876,95319,95321],{},[15,95320,95148],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[160,95323,95325],{"id":95324},"return-values","Return values",[20,95327,95328,95330],{},[15,95329,94479],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95332,40620,95333,95335],{},[382,95334,4340],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[30,95337,95339],{"className":32,"code":95338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95340,95341,95350,95354,95364,95382],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95342,95343,95345,95347],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95344,2154],{"class":45},[39,95346,50],{"class":49},[39,95348,95349],{"class":57}," 3.14159\n",[39,95351,95352],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95353,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,95355,95356,95358,95360,95362],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95357,137],{"class":136},[39,95359,124],{"class":53},[39,95361,2179],{"class":120},[39,95363,130],{"class":53},[39,95365,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95367,137],{"class":136},[39,95369,124],{"class":53},[39,95371,94520],{"class":136},[39,95373,124],{"class":53},[39,95375,2179],{"class":120},[39,95377,61],{"class":53},[39,95379,64],{"class":57},[39,95381,486],{"class":53},[39,95383,95384,95386,95388,95390],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,95385,137],{"class":136},[39,95387,124],{"class":53},[39,95389,2179],{"class":120},[39,95391,130],{"class":53},[20,95393,353],{},[30,95395,95397],{"className":32,"code":95396,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95398,95399,95404,95408],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95400,95401],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95402,95403],{"class":57},"3.14159\n",[39,95405,95406],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95407,39891],{"class":57},[39,95409,95410],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95411,95403],{"class":57},[20,95413,95414],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[30,95416,95418],{"className":32,"code":95417,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95419,95420,95428,95446,95450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95421,95422,95424,95426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95423,2154],{"class":45},[39,95425,50],{"class":49},[39,95427,95349],{"class":57},[39,95429,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95431,2154],{"class":45},[39,95433,50],{"class":49},[39,95435,94797],{"class":136},[39,95437,124],{"class":53},[39,95439,2179],{"class":120},[39,95441,61],{"class":53},[39,95443,64],{"class":57},[39,95445,130],{"class":53},[39,95447,95448],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95449,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,95451,95452,95454,95456,95458],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95453,137],{"class":136},[39,95455,124],{"class":53},[39,95457,2179],{"class":120},[39,95459,130],{"class":53},[20,95461,353],{},[30,95463,95464],{"className":32,"code":39891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95465,95466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95467,95468],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95469,39891],{"class":57},[160,95471,4671,95473],{"id":95472},"when-to-use-round",[15,95474,94479],{},[20,95476,154,95477,6031],{},[15,95478,94479],{},[176,95480,95481,95484,95487,95490],{},[179,95482,95483],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[179,95485,95486],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[179,95488,95489],{},"Round values before reporting results",[179,95491,95492],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95494,5184],{},[30,95496,95498],{"className":32,"code":95497,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95499,95500,95509],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95501,95502,95504,95506],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95503,2302],{"class":45},[39,95505,50],{"class":49},[39,95507,95508],{"class":57}," 12.67891\n",[39,95510,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95512,137],{"class":136},[39,95514,124],{"class":53},[39,95516,94520],{"class":136},[39,95518,124],{"class":53},[39,95520,2325],{"class":120},[39,95522,61],{"class":53},[39,95524,64],{"class":57},[39,95526,486],{"class":53},[20,95528,353],{},[30,95530,95532],{"className":32,"code":95531,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"12.68\n",[15,95533,95534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95535,95536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95537,95531],{"class":57},[160,95539,2537],{"id":2536},[20,95541,22801,95542,117],{},[15,95543,94479],{},[988,95545,8170,95547,95549,95550,95552],{"id":95546},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95548,94479],{}," to always round ",[15,95551,95148],{}," upward",[20,95554,95555],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[30,95557,95558],{"className":32,"code":95153,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95559,95560,95574],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95561,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95563,137],{"class":136},[39,95565,124],{"class":53},[39,95567,94520],{"class":136},[39,95569,124],{"class":53},[39,95571,40873],{"class":57},[39,95573,486],{"class":53},[39,95575,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584,95586],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95577,137],{"class":136},[39,95579,124],{"class":53},[39,95581,94520],{"class":136},[39,95583,124],{"class":53},[39,95585,1748],{"class":57},[39,95587,486],{"class":53},[20,95589,353],{},[30,95591,95592],{"className":32,"code":95188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95593,95594,95598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95595,95596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95597,1553],{"class":57},[39,95599,95600],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95601,48367],{"class":57},[20,95603,95604],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[988,95606,95608],{"id":95607},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95610,95611,95613],{},[15,95612,94479],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[30,95615,95617],{"className":32,"code":95616,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95618,95619,95627,95641,95645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95620,95621,95623,95625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95622,2154],{"class":45},[39,95624,50],{"class":49},[39,95626,95349],{"class":57},[39,95628,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95630,94520],{"class":136},[39,95632,124],{"class":53},[39,95634,2179],{"class":120},[39,95636,61],{"class":53},[39,95638,64],{"class":57},[39,95640,130],{"class":53},[39,95642,95643],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95644,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,95646,95647,95649,95651,95653],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95648,137],{"class":136},[39,95650,124],{"class":53},[39,95652,2179],{"class":120},[39,95654,130],{"class":53},[20,95656,353],{},[30,95658,95659],{"className":32,"code":95403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95660,95661],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95662,95663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95664,95403],{"class":57},[20,95666,95667],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[30,95669,95671],{"className":32,"code":95670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95672,95673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95674,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95676,2154],{"class":45},[39,95678,50],{"class":49},[39,95680,94797],{"class":136},[39,95682,124],{"class":53},[39,95684,2179],{"class":120},[39,95686,61],{"class":53},[39,95688,64],{"class":57},[39,95690,130],{"class":53},[988,95692,95694],{"id":95693},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95696,16110],{},[30,95698,95700],{"className":32,"code":95699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95701,95702],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95703,95704],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95705,95699],{"class":150},[20,95707,95708],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[30,95710,95712],{"className":32,"code":95711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95713,95714,95726,95740,95744],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95715,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95717,34398],{"class":45},[39,95719,50],{"class":49},[39,95721,572],{"class":517},[39,95723,39857],{"class":521},[39,95725,3062],{"class":517},[39,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95729,1924],{"class":45},[39,95731,50],{"class":49},[39,95733,39969],{"class":478},[39,95735,124],{"class":53},[39,95737,34419],{"class":120},[39,95739,130],{"class":53},[39,95741,95742],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95743,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,95745,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758,95760],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,95747,137],{"class":136},[39,95749,124],{"class":53},[39,95751,94520],{"class":136},[39,95753,124],{"class":53},[39,95755,1946],{"class":120},[39,95757,61],{"class":53},[39,95759,5210],{"class":57},[39,95761,486],{"class":53},[20,95763,353],{},[30,95765,95767],{"className":32,"code":95766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.1\n",[15,95768,95769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95770,95771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95772,95766],{"class":57},[988,95774,95776],{"id":95775},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95778,95779,95781],{},[15,95780,94479],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95783,95784,95785,1292,95789,117],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[195,95786,95787],{"href":2588},[15,95788,2591],{},[195,95790,95791],{"href":2582},[15,95792,2585],{},[160,95794,1563],{"id":1562},[988,95796,1567,95798,95800,95801,95803],{"id":95797},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95799,94479],{}," always round ",[15,95802,39928],{}," up?",[20,95805,95806],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[988,95808,1567,95810,95812],{"id":95809},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95811,94479],{}," change the original number?",[20,95814,95815],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[988,95817,1577,95819,95821],{"id":95818},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95820,94479],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95823,95824,95825,95827,95828,1292,95830,117],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95826,94629],{}," value like ",[15,95829,65575],{},[15,95831,95129],{},[988,95833,28037,95835,95837,95838,2199],{"id":95834},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95836,94479],{}," on a string like ",[15,95839,47811],{},[20,95841,95842,95843,1292,95845,117],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95844,2591],{},[15,95846,2585],{},[160,95848,1613],{"id":1612},[176,95850,95851,95857,95863,95867],{},[179,95852,95853],{},[195,95854,13,95855,3213],{"href":2588},[15,95856,2591],{},[179,95858,95859],{},[195,95860,13,95861,3213],{"href":2582},[15,95862,2585],{},[179,95864,95865],{},[195,95866,2127],{"href":2126},[179,95868,95869],{},[195,95870,41896],{"href":40605},[1642,95872,95873],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":95875},[95876,95877,95879,95880,95882,95884,95886,95887,95888,95890,95897,95907],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":94571,"depth":75,"text":95878},"What round() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":94725,"depth":75,"text":95881},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94863,"depth":75,"text":95883},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95020,"depth":75,"text":95885},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95141,"depth":75,"text":95142},{"id":95324,"depth":75,"text":95325},{"id":95472,"depth":75,"text":95889},"When to use round()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":95891},[95892,95894,95895,95896],{"id":95546,"depth":99,"text":95893},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95607,"depth":99,"text":95608},{"id":95693,"depth":99,"text":95694},{"id":95775,"depth":99,"text":95776},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":95898},[95899,95901,95903,95905],{"id":95797,"depth":99,"text":95900},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95809,"depth":99,"text":95902},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95818,"depth":99,"text":95904},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95834,"depth":99,"text":95906},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94471,"description":95908},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95915,"title":95916,"body":95917,"description":97099,"extension":1670,"meta":97100,"navigation":102,"path":97101,"seo":97102,"stem":97103,"__hash__":97104},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95918,"toc":97073},[95919,95926,95932,95935,95937,95986,95990,96015,96020,96025,96030,96044,96052,96054,96073,96075,96091,96094,96105,96107,96109,96170,96174,96207,96214,96221,96224,96257,96260,96264,96267,96320,96324,96345,96351,96358,96365,96426,96434,96511,96515,96527,96536,96538,96544,96550,96554,96607,96610,96668,96672,96680,96683,96687,96690,96700,96702,96799,96802,96813,96816,96859,96863,96887,96890,96896,96898,96902,96927,96929,96996,97005,97007,97013,97018,97022,97025,97029,97036,97040,97045,97047,97064,97070],[10,95920,95922,95923,18],{"id":95921},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95924,95925],{},"add()",[20,95927,95928,95931],{},[15,95929,95930],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95933,95934],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[160,95936,1711],{"id":1710},[30,95938,95940],{"className":32,"code":95939,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95941,95942,95962,95976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95945,1379],{"class":45},[39,95947,50],{"class":49},[39,95949,54],{"class":53},[39,95951,58],{"class":57},[39,95953,61],{"class":53},[39,95955,64],{"class":57},[39,95957,61],{"class":53},[39,95959,69],{"class":57},[39,95961,72],{"class":53},[39,95963,95964,95966,95968,95970,95972,95974],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,95965,1457],{"class":45},[39,95967,117],{"class":53},[39,95969,81827],{"class":120},[39,95971,124],{"class":53},[39,95973,2212],{"class":57},[39,95975,130],{"class":53},[39,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,95979,137],{"class":136},[39,95981,124],{"class":53},[39,95983,1457],{"class":120},[39,95985,130],{"class":53},[20,95987,95988],{},[382,95989,353],{},[30,95991,95993],{"className":32,"code":95992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95994,95995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95996,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95998,363],{"class":53},[39,96000,58],{"class":57},[39,96002,61],{"class":53},[39,96004,64],{"class":57},[39,96006,61],{"class":53},[39,96008,69],{"class":57},[39,96010,61],{"class":53},[39,96012,94],{"class":57},[39,96014,72],{"class":53},[20,96016,154,96017,96019],{},[15,96018,95925],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[160,96021,3383,96023,3386],{"id":96022},"what-setadd-does",[15,96024,95930],{},[20,96026,96027,96029],{},[15,96028,95930],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[176,96031,96032,96035,96038,96041],{},[179,96033,96034],{},"Adds one item to a set",[179,96036,96037],{},"Changes the original set in place",[179,96039,96040],{},"Does not return a new set",[179,96042,96043],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96045,193,96046,1292,96048,117],{},[195,96047,198],{"href":197},[195,96049,96051],{"href":96050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[160,96053,202],{"id":201},[30,96055,96057],{"className":32,"code":96056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96058,96059],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96060,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96062,1318],{"class":45},[39,96064,117],{"class":53},[39,96066,81827],{"class":120},[39,96068,124],{"class":53},[39,96070,23017],{"class":120},[39,96072,130],{"class":53},[20,96074,11172],{},[176,96076,96077,96082,96085],{},[179,96078,55628,96079,96081],{},[15,96080,95925],{}," on an existing set",[179,96083,96084],{},"Pass exactly one item",[179,96086,96087,96088],{},"The item must be ",[382,96089,96090],{},"hashable",[20,96092,96093],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[176,96095,96096,96098,96100,96103],{},[179,96097,56181],{},[179,96099,56184],{},[179,96101,96102],{},"Tuples",[179,96104,40309],{},[160,96106,542],{"id":541},[20,96108,11190],{},[30,96110,96112],{"className":32,"code":96111,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96113,96114,96138,96156,96160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96115,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96117,12786],{"class":45},[39,96119,50],{"class":49},[39,96121,54],{"class":53},[39,96123,562],{"class":517},[39,96125,565],{"class":521},[39,96127,562],{"class":517},[39,96129,61],{"class":53},[39,96131,572],{"class":517},[39,96133,575],{"class":521},[39,96135,562],{"class":517},[39,96137,72],{"class":53},[39,96139,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148,96150,96152,96154],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96141,17209],{"class":45},[39,96143,117],{"class":53},[39,96145,81827],{"class":120},[39,96147,124],{"class":53},[39,96149,562],{"class":517},[39,96151,584],{"class":521},[39,96153,562],{"class":517},[39,96155,130],{"class":53},[39,96157,96158],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96159,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96161,96162,96164,96166,96168],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96163,137],{"class":136},[39,96165,124],{"class":53},[39,96167,17209],{"class":120},[39,96169,130],{"class":53},[20,96171,96172],{},[382,96173,29739],{},[30,96175,96177],{"className":32,"code":96176,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96178,96179],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96180,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203,96205],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96182,363],{"class":53},[39,96184,524],{"class":517},[39,96186,565],{"class":521},[39,96188,524],{"class":517},[39,96190,61],{"class":53},[39,96192,518],{"class":517},[39,96194,584],{"class":521},[39,96196,524],{"class":517},[39,96198,61],{"class":53},[39,96200,518],{"class":517},[39,96202,575],{"class":521},[39,96204,524],{"class":517},[39,96206,72],{"class":53},[20,96208,96209,96210,96213],{},"The new value ",[15,96211,96212],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96215,96216,96217,96220],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[382,96218,96219],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96222,96223],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[30,96225,96227],{"className":32,"code":96226,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96228,96229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96230,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96232,363],{"class":53},[39,96234,524],{"class":517},[39,96236,575],{"class":521},[39,96238,524],{"class":517},[39,96240,61],{"class":53},[39,96242,518],{"class":517},[39,96244,565],{"class":521},[39,96246,524],{"class":517},[39,96248,61],{"class":53},[39,96250,518],{"class":517},[39,96252,584],{"class":521},[39,96254,524],{"class":517},[39,96256,72],{"class":53},[20,96258,96259],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[160,96261,96263],{"id":96262},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96265,96266],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[30,96268,96270],{"className":32,"code":96269,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96271,96272,96292,96306,96310],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96273,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96275,1379],{"class":45},[39,96277,50],{"class":49},[39,96279,54],{"class":53},[39,96281,58],{"class":57},[39,96283,61],{"class":53},[39,96285,64],{"class":57},[39,96287,61],{"class":53},[39,96289,69],{"class":57},[39,96291,72],{"class":53},[39,96293,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96295,1457],{"class":45},[39,96297,117],{"class":53},[39,96299,81827],{"class":120},[39,96301,124],{"class":53},[39,96303,85],{"class":57},[39,96305,130],{"class":53},[39,96307,96308],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96309,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96313,137],{"class":136},[39,96315,124],{"class":53},[39,96317,1457],{"class":120},[39,96319,130],{"class":53},[20,96321,96322],{},[382,96323,353],{},[30,96325,96327],{"className":32,"code":96326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96328,96329],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96330,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96332,363],{"class":53},[39,96334,58],{"class":57},[39,96336,61],{"class":53},[39,96338,64],{"class":57},[39,96340,61],{"class":53},[39,96342,69],{"class":57},[39,96344,72],{"class":53},[20,96346,96347,96348,96350],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96349,85],{}," was already present.",[160,96352,96354,980,96356],{"id":96353},"add-vs-update",[15,96355,95925],{},[15,96357,14663],{},[20,96359,154,96360,96362,96363,117],{},[15,96361,95925],{}," when you want to add ",[382,96364,52375],{},[30,96366,96368],{"className":32,"code":96367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96369,96370,96394,96412,96416],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96371,96372,96374,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96373,35803],{"class":45},[39,96375,50],{"class":49},[39,96377,54],{"class":53},[39,96379,562],{"class":517},[39,96381,195],{"class":521},[39,96383,562],{"class":517},[39,96385,61],{"class":53},[39,96387,572],{"class":517},[39,96389,127],{"class":521},[39,96391,562],{"class":517},[39,96393,72],{"class":53},[39,96395,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96397,35856],{"class":45},[39,96399,117],{"class":53},[39,96401,81827],{"class":120},[39,96403,124],{"class":53},[39,96405,562],{"class":517},[39,96407,9454],{"class":521},[39,96409,562],{"class":517},[39,96411,130],{"class":53},[39,96413,96414],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96415,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96417,96418,96420,96422,96424],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96419,137],{"class":136},[39,96421,124],{"class":53},[39,96423,35856],{"class":120},[39,96425,130],{"class":53},[20,96427,154,96428,96362,96430,96433],{},[15,96429,14663],{},[382,96431,96432],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[30,96435,96437],{"className":32,"code":96436,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96438,96439,96463,96497,96501],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459,96461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96442,35803],{"class":45},[39,96444,50],{"class":49},[39,96446,54],{"class":53},[39,96448,562],{"class":517},[39,96450,195],{"class":521},[39,96452,562],{"class":517},[39,96454,61],{"class":53},[39,96456,572],{"class":517},[39,96458,127],{"class":521},[39,96460,562],{"class":517},[39,96462,72],{"class":53},[39,96464,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96466,35856],{"class":45},[39,96468,117],{"class":53},[39,96470,30173],{"class":120},[39,96472,917],{"class":53},[39,96474,562],{"class":517},[39,96476,9454],{"class":521},[39,96478,562],{"class":517},[39,96480,61],{"class":53},[39,96482,572],{"class":517},[39,96484,18474],{"class":521},[39,96486,562],{"class":517},[39,96488,61],{"class":53},[39,96490,572],{"class":517},[39,96492,60167],{"class":521},[39,96494,562],{"class":517},[39,96496,3597],{"class":53},[39,96498,96499],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96500,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96502,96503,96505,96507,96509],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96504,137],{"class":136},[39,96506,124],{"class":53},[39,96508,35856],{"class":120},[39,96510,130],{"class":53},[988,96512,96514],{"id":96513},"key-difference","Key difference",[176,96516,96517,96522],{},[179,96518,96519,96521],{},[15,96520,95925],{}," adds one item",[179,96523,96524,96526],{},[15,96525,14663],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96528,96529,96530,117],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[195,96531,96533,96534,1627],{"href":96532},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96535,14663],{},[160,96537,375],{"id":374},[20,96539,96540,2104,96542,117],{},[15,96541,95930],{},[15,96543,3484],{},[20,96545,96546,96547,96549],{},"That means you should ",[382,96548,4340],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[988,96551,96553],{"id":96552},"correct","Correct",[30,96555,96557],{"className":32,"code":96556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96558,96559,96579,96593,96597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96560,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96562,15338],{"class":45},[39,96564,50],{"class":49},[39,96566,54],{"class":53},[39,96568,58],{"class":57},[39,96570,61],{"class":53},[39,96572,64],{"class":57},[39,96574,61],{"class":53},[39,96576,69],{"class":57},[39,96578,72],{"class":53},[39,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96582,1318],{"class":45},[39,96584,117],{"class":53},[39,96586,81827],{"class":120},[39,96588,124],{"class":53},[39,96590,2212],{"class":57},[39,96592,130],{"class":53},[39,96594,96595],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96596,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96598,96599,96601,96603,96605],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96600,137],{"class":136},[39,96602,124],{"class":53},[39,96604,1318],{"class":120},[39,96606,130],{"class":53},[988,96608,96609],{"id":61489},"Wrong",[30,96611,96613],{"className":32,"code":96612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96614,96615,96635,96654,96658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96616,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96618,15338],{"class":45},[39,96620,50],{"class":49},[39,96622,54],{"class":53},[39,96624,58],{"class":57},[39,96626,61],{"class":53},[39,96628,64],{"class":57},[39,96630,61],{"class":53},[39,96632,69],{"class":57},[39,96634,72],{"class":53},[39,96636,96637,96639,96641,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96638,15338],{"class":45},[39,96640,50],{"class":49},[39,96642,96643],{"class":45}," my_set",[39,96645,117],{"class":53},[39,96647,81827],{"class":120},[39,96649,124],{"class":53},[39,96651,2212],{"class":57},[39,96653,130],{"class":53},[39,96655,96656],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96657,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96659,96660,96662,96664,96666],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96661,137],{"class":136},[39,96663,124],{"class":53},[39,96665,1318],{"class":120},[39,96667,130],{"class":53},[20,96669,96670],{},[382,96671,353],{},[30,96673,96674],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,96675,96676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96677,96678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96679,11520],{"class":3559},[20,96681,96682],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[160,96684,96686],{"id":96685},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96688,96689],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[176,96691,96692,96694,96696,96698],{},[179,96693,56181],{},[179,96695,56184],{},[179,96697,96102],{},[179,96699,40309],{},[20,96701,267],{},[30,96703,96705],{"className":32,"code":96704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96706,96707,96717,96721,96735,96753,96771,96785,96789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96710,7494],{"class":45},[39,96712,50],{"class":49},[39,96714,15343],{"class":478},[39,96716,1609],{"class":53},[39,96718,96719],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96720,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96722,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96724,7525],{"class":45},[39,96726,117],{"class":53},[39,96728,81827],{"class":120},[39,96730,124],{"class":53},[39,96732,2037],{"class":57},[39,96734,130],{"class":53},[39,96736,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96738,7525],{"class":45},[39,96740,117],{"class":53},[39,96742,81827],{"class":120},[39,96744,124],{"class":53},[39,96746,562],{"class":517},[39,96748,3552],{"class":521},[39,96750,562],{"class":517},[39,96752,130],{"class":53},[39,96754,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,96756,7525],{"class":45},[39,96758,117],{"class":53},[39,96760,81827],{"class":120},[39,96762,5223],{"class":53},[39,96764,58],{"class":57},[39,96766,61],{"class":53},[39,96768,64],{"class":57},[39,96770,486],{"class":53},[39,96772,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,96774,7525],{"class":45},[39,96776,117],{"class":53},[39,96778,81827],{"class":120},[39,96780,124],{"class":53},[39,96782,3308],{"class":3559},[39,96784,130],{"class":53},[39,96786,96787],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,96788,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,96790,96791,96793,96795,96797],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,96792,137],{"class":136},[39,96794,124],{"class":53},[39,96796,7525],{"class":120},[39,96798,130],{"class":53},[20,96800,96801],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[176,96803,96804,96807,96810],{},[179,96805,96806],{},"Lists",[179,96808,96809],{},"Dictionaries",[179,96811,96812],{},"Sets",[20,96814,96815],{},"Example that causes an error:",[30,96817,96819],{"className":32,"code":96818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96820,96821,96841],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96824,7494],{"class":45},[39,96826,50],{"class":49},[39,96828,54],{"class":53},[39,96830,58],{"class":57},[39,96832,61],{"class":53},[39,96834,64],{"class":57},[39,96836,61],{"class":53},[39,96838,69],{"class":57},[39,96840,72],{"class":53},[39,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96844,7525],{"class":45},[39,96846,117],{"class":53},[39,96848,81827],{"class":120},[39,96850,917],{"class":53},[39,96852,2212],{"class":57},[39,96854,61],{"class":53},[39,96856,316],{"class":57},[39,96858,3597],{"class":53},[20,96860,96861],{},[382,96862,29390],{},[30,96864,96866],{"className":32,"code":96865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96867,96868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96869,96870,96872,96874,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96871,2711],{"class":478},[39,96873,1250],{"class":53},[39,96875,96876],{"class":45}," unhashable ",[39,96878,479],{"class":478},[39,96880,1250],{"class":53},[39,96882,518],{"class":517},[39,96884,7810],{"class":521},[39,96886,29409],{"class":517},[20,96888,96889],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96891,96892,96893,117],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96894,96895],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[160,96897,2537],{"id":2536},[20,96899,1247,96900,1250],{},[15,96901,95930],{},[176,96903,96904,96909,96914,96917,96924],{},[179,96905,718,96906,96908],{},[15,96907,95925],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[179,96910,8170,96911,96913],{},[15,96912,95925],{}," to return the updated set",[179,96915,96916],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[179,96918,1282,96919,96921,96922],{},[15,96920,95930],{}," with list ",[15,96923,52371],{},[179,96925,96926],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96928,71227],{},[30,96930,96932],{"className":32,"code":96931,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96933,96934,96944,96958,96968,96982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96935,96936,96938,96940,96942],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96937,137],{"class":136},[39,96939,124],{"class":53},[39,96941,1318],{"class":120},[39,96943,130],{"class":53},[39,96945,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,96947,137],{"class":136},[39,96949,124],{"class":53},[39,96951,479],{"class":478},[39,96953,124],{"class":53},[39,96955,1318],{"class":120},[39,96957,486],{"class":53},[39,96959,96960,96962,96964,96966],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,96961,137],{"class":136},[39,96963,124],{"class":53},[39,96965,2179],{"class":120},[39,96967,130],{"class":53},[39,96969,96970,96972,96974,96976,96978,96980],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,96971,137],{"class":136},[39,96973,124],{"class":53},[39,96975,479],{"class":478},[39,96977,124],{"class":53},[39,96979,2179],{"class":120},[39,96981,486],{"class":53},[39,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,96985,31861],{"class":136},[39,96987,124],{"class":53},[39,96989,384],{"class":478},[39,96991,117],{"class":53},[39,96993,81827],{"class":24457},[39,96995,130],{"class":53},[20,96997,96998,96999,97001,97002,117],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97000,95930],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[195,97003,52768],{"href":97004},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[160,97006,1563],{"id":1562},[988,97008,1567,97010,97012],{"id":97009},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97011,95930],{}," return a new set?",[20,97014,97015,97016,117],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97017,3484],{},[988,97019,97021],{"id":97020},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97023,97024],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[988,97026,97028],{"id":97027},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97030,154,97031,10806,97034,117],{},[15,97032,97033],{},"set.update()",[15,97035,95925],{},[988,97037,97039],{"id":97038},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97041,97042,97043,117],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97044,2711],{},[160,97046,1613],{"id":1612},[176,97048,97049,97053,97058],{},[179,97050,97051],{},[195,97052,198],{"href":197},[179,97054,97055],{},[195,97056,97057],{"href":96050},"How to create a set in Python",[179,97059,97060],{},[195,97061,96533,97062,1627],{"href":96532},[15,97063,14663],{},[20,97065,97066,97067,97069],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97068,95925],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1642,97071,97072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":97074},[97075,97076,97078,97079,97080,97081,97085,97089,97090,97091,97098],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":96022,"depth":75,"text":97077},"What set.add() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":96262,"depth":75,"text":96263},{"id":96353,"depth":75,"text":97082,"children":97083},"add() vs update()",[97084],{"id":96513,"depth":99,"text":96514},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375,"children":97086},[97087,97088],{"id":96552,"depth":99,"text":96553},{"id":61489,"depth":99,"text":96609},{"id":96685,"depth":75,"text":96686},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":97092},[97093,97095,97096,97097],{"id":97009,"depth":99,"text":97094},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97020,"depth":99,"text":97021},{"id":97027,"depth":99,"text":97028},{"id":97038,"depth":99,"text":97039},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95916,"description":97099},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97106,"title":97107,"body":97108,"description":98276,"extension":1670,"meta":98277,"navigation":102,"path":98278,"seo":98279,"stem":98280,"__hash__":98281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97109,"toc":98243},[97110,97115,97121,97128,97173,97175,97185,97190,97195,97199,97213,97218,97220,97222,97237,97239,97253,97255,97257,97322,97324,97334,97336,97354,97360,97367,97372,97446,97448,97465,97471,97476,97547,97549,97576,97593,97596,97602,97604,97611,97615,97682,97684,97699,97702,97755,97757,97765,97777,97779,97783,97788,97790,97839,97841,97849,97851,97896,97898,97908,97914,97922,97935,97941,97943,97972,97974,97992,97996,97999,98030,98032,98050,98054,98129,98131,98147,98154,98156,98161,98166,98172,98175,98179,98187,98194,98202,98204,98240],[10,97111,95922,97113,18],{"id":97112},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97114,11035],{},[20,97116,97117,97120],{},[15,97118,97119],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97122,97123,97124,97127],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[382,97125,97126],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[30,97129,97131],{"className":32,"code":97130,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97132,97133,97153,97163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97134,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97136,1379],{"class":45},[39,97138,50],{"class":49},[39,97140,54],{"class":53},[39,97142,58],{"class":57},[39,97144,61],{"class":53},[39,97146,64],{"class":57},[39,97148,61],{"class":53},[39,97150,69],{"class":57},[39,97152,72],{"class":53},[39,97154,97155,97157,97159,97161],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97156,1457],{"class":45},[39,97158,117],{"class":53},[39,97160,11096],{"class":120},[39,97162,1609],{"class":53},[39,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97166,137],{"class":136},[39,97168,124],{"class":53},[39,97170,1457],{"class":120},[39,97172,130],{"class":53},[20,97174,353],{},[30,97176,97177],{"className":32,"code":1600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97178,97179],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97180,97181,97183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97182,384],{"class":478},[39,97184,1609],{"class":53},[20,97186,97187,97189],{},[15,97188,11035],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[160,97191,3383,97193,3386],{"id":97192},"what-setclear-does",[15,97194,97119],{},[20,97196,22,97197,11126],{},[15,97198,11035],{},[176,97200,97201,97204,97206,97210],{},[179,97202,97203],{},"Removes every item from a set",[179,97205,96037],{},[179,97207,11137,97208],{},[15,97209,3484],{},[179,97211,97212],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97214,193,97215,71326],{},[195,97216,198],{"href":97217},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[160,97219,202],{"id":201},[20,97221,54166],{},[30,97223,97225],{"className":32,"code":97224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97226,97227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97230,1318],{"class":45},[39,97232,117],{"class":53},[39,97234,11096],{"class":120},[39,97236,1609],{"class":53},[20,97238,174],{},[176,97240,97241,97244,97247,97250],{},[179,97242,97243],{},"It takes no arguments",[179,97245,97246],{},"It empties the set",[179,97248,97249],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[179,97251,97252],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[160,97254,542],{"id":541},[20,97256,11190],{},[30,97258,97260],{"className":32,"code":97259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97261,97262,97294,97298,97308,97312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97263,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97265,12786],{"class":45},[39,97267,50],{"class":49},[39,97269,54],{"class":53},[39,97271,562],{"class":517},[39,97273,565],{"class":521},[39,97275,562],{"class":517},[39,97277,61],{"class":53},[39,97279,572],{"class":517},[39,97281,584],{"class":521},[39,97283,562],{"class":517},[39,97285,61],{"class":53},[39,97287,572],{"class":517},[39,97289,575],{"class":521},[39,97291,562],{"class":517},[39,97293,72],{"class":53},[39,97295,97296],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97297,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97299,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97301,17209],{"class":45},[39,97303,117],{"class":53},[39,97305,11096],{"class":120},[39,97307,1609],{"class":53},[39,97309,97310],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,97311,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97313,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,97315,137],{"class":136},[39,97317,124],{"class":53},[39,97319,17209],{"class":120},[39,97321,130],{"class":53},[20,97323,353],{},[30,97325,97326],{"className":32,"code":1600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97327,97328],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97329,97330,97332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97331,384],{"class":478},[39,97333,1609],{"class":53},[20,97335,692],{},[176,97337,97338,97343,97348],{},[179,97339,97340,97342],{},[15,97341,17209],{}," starts with three values",[179,97344,97345,11408],{},[15,97346,97347],{},"colors.clear()",[179,97349,97350,97351,97353],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97352,3503],{},", which means an empty set",[160,97355,97357,97359],{"id":97356},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97358,11035],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97361,97362,4104,97364,97366],{},[15,97363,11035],{},[15,97365,3503],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[988,97368,718,97370],{"id":97369},"using-clear",[15,97371,11035],{},[30,97373,97375],{"className":32,"code":97374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97376,97377,97397,97407,97411,97421,97425,97435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97380,7494],{"class":45},[39,97382,50],{"class":49},[39,97384,54],{"class":53},[39,97386,58],{"class":57},[39,97388,61],{"class":53},[39,97390,64],{"class":57},[39,97392,61],{"class":53},[39,97394,69],{"class":57},[39,97396,72],{"class":53},[39,97398,97399,97402,97404],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97400,97401],{"class":45},"other_name ",[39,97403,50],{"class":49},[39,97405,97406],{"class":45}," items\n",[39,97408,97409],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97410,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,97414,7525],{"class":45},[39,97416,117],{"class":53},[39,97418,11096],{"class":120},[39,97420,1609],{"class":53},[39,97422,97423],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,97424,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,97428,137],{"class":136},[39,97430,124],{"class":53},[39,97432,7525],{"class":120},[39,97434,130],{"class":53},[39,97436,97437,97439,97441,97444],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,97438,137],{"class":136},[39,97440,124],{"class":53},[39,97442,97443],{"class":120},"other_name",[39,97445,130],{"class":53},[20,97447,353],{},[30,97449,97451],{"className":32,"code":97450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97452,97453,97459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97454,97455,97457],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97456,384],{"class":478},[39,97458,1609],{"class":53},[39,97460,97461,97463],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97462,384],{"class":478},[39,97464,1609],{"class":53},[20,97466,97467,97468,117],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[382,97469,97470],{},"same set object",[988,97472,718,97474],{"id":97473},"using-set",[15,97475,3503],{},[30,97477,97479],{"className":32,"code":97478,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97480,97481,97501,97509,97513,97523,97527,97537],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97484,7494],{"class":45},[39,97486,50],{"class":49},[39,97488,54],{"class":53},[39,97490,58],{"class":57},[39,97492,61],{"class":53},[39,97494,64],{"class":57},[39,97496,61],{"class":53},[39,97498,69],{"class":57},[39,97500,72],{"class":53},[39,97502,97503,97505,97507],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97504,97401],{"class":45},[39,97506,50],{"class":49},[39,97508,97406],{"class":45},[39,97510,97511],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97512,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97514,97515,97517,97519,97521],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,97516,7494],{"class":45},[39,97518,50],{"class":49},[39,97520,15343],{"class":478},[39,97522,1609],{"class":53},[39,97524,97525],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,97526,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97528,97529,97531,97533,97535],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,97530,137],{"class":136},[39,97532,124],{"class":53},[39,97534,7525],{"class":120},[39,97536,130],{"class":53},[39,97538,97539,97541,97543,97545],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,97540,137],{"class":136},[39,97542,124],{"class":53},[39,97544,97443],{"class":120},[39,97546,130],{"class":53},[20,97548,353],{},[30,97550,97552],{"className":32,"code":97551,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97553,97554,97560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97555,97556,97558],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97557,384],{"class":478},[39,97559,1609],{"class":53},[39,97561,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97563,363],{"class":53},[39,97565,58],{"class":57},[39,97567,61],{"class":53},[39,97569,64],{"class":57},[39,97571,61],{"class":53},[39,97573,69],{"class":57},[39,97575,72],{"class":53},[20,97577,20478,97578,92814,97581,97584,97585,117,97587,97589,97590,97592],{},[15,97579,97580],{},"items = set()",[382,97582,97583],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97586,7525],{},[9561,97588],{},"\nBut ",[15,97591,97443],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97594,97595],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97597,97598,97599,117],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[195,97600,96051],{"href":97601},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[160,97603,375],{"id":374},[20,97605,97606,13763,97608,97610],{},[15,97607,11035],{},[382,97609,4340],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97612,4859,97613,117],{},[15,97614,3484],{},[30,97616,97618],{"className":32,"code":97617,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97619,97620,97640,97644,97658,97662,97672],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97623,1379],{"class":45},[39,97625,50],{"class":49},[39,97627,54],{"class":53},[39,97629,58],{"class":57},[39,97631,61],{"class":53},[39,97633,64],{"class":57},[39,97635,61],{"class":53},[39,97637,69],{"class":57},[39,97639,72],{"class":53},[39,97641,97642],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97643,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97647,109],{"class":45},[39,97649,50],{"class":49},[39,97651,1433],{"class":45},[39,97653,117],{"class":53},[39,97655,11096],{"class":120},[39,97657,1609],{"class":53},[39,97659,97660],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,97661,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97663,97664,97666,97668,97670],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,97665,137],{"class":136},[39,97667,124],{"class":53},[39,97669,142],{"class":120},[39,97671,130],{"class":53},[39,97673,97674,97676,97678,97680],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,97675,137],{"class":136},[39,97677,124],{"class":53},[39,97679,1457],{"class":120},[39,97681,130],{"class":53},[20,97683,353],{},[30,97685,97687],{"className":32,"code":97686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\nset()\n",[15,97688,97689,97693],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97690,97691],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97692,11520],{"class":3559},[39,97694,97695,97697],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97696,384],{"class":478},[39,97698,1609],{"class":53},[20,97700,97701],{},"Do not do this:",[30,97703,97705],{"className":32,"code":97704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97706,97707,97727,97741,97745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97708,97709,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97710,1379],{"class":45},[39,97712,50],{"class":49},[39,97714,54],{"class":53},[39,97716,58],{"class":57},[39,97718,61],{"class":53},[39,97720,64],{"class":57},[39,97722,61],{"class":53},[39,97724,69],{"class":57},[39,97726,72],{"class":53},[39,97728,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97730,1379],{"class":45},[39,97732,50],{"class":49},[39,97734,1433],{"class":45},[39,97736,117],{"class":53},[39,97738,11096],{"class":120},[39,97740,1609],{"class":53},[39,97742,97743],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97744,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,97748,137],{"class":136},[39,97750,124],{"class":53},[39,97752,1457],{"class":120},[39,97754,130],{"class":53},[20,97756,353],{},[30,97758,97759],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97760,97761],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97762,97763],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97764,11520],{"class":3559},[20,97766,21896,97767,2104,97769,97771,97772,97774,97775,117],{},[15,97768,54279],{},[15,97770,3484],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97773,3484],{}," back to ",[15,97776,1457],{},[160,97778,1244],{"id":1243},[20,97780,10461,97781,117],{},[15,97782,97119],{},[988,97784,12307,97786],{"id":97785},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97787,11035],{},[20,97789,16353],{},[30,97791,97793],{"className":32,"code":97792,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97794,97795,97815,97829],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97796,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97798,15338],{"class":45},[39,97800,50],{"class":49},[39,97802,54],{"class":53},[39,97804,58],{"class":57},[39,97806,61],{"class":53},[39,97808,64],{"class":57},[39,97810,61],{"class":53},[39,97812,69],{"class":57},[39,97814,72],{"class":53},[39,97816,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97818,15338],{"class":45},[39,97820,50],{"class":49},[39,97822,96643],{"class":45},[39,97824,117],{"class":53},[39,97826,11096],{"class":120},[39,97828,1609],{"class":53},[39,97830,97831,97833,97835,97837],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97832,137],{"class":136},[39,97834,124],{"class":53},[39,97836,1318],{"class":120},[39,97838,130],{"class":53},[20,97840,353],{},[30,97842,97843],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97844,97845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97846,97847],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97848,11520],{"class":3559},[20,97850,16365],{},[30,97852,97854],{"className":32,"code":97853,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97855,97856,97876,97886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97857,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97859,15338],{"class":45},[39,97861,50],{"class":49},[39,97863,54],{"class":53},[39,97865,58],{"class":57},[39,97867,61],{"class":53},[39,97869,64],{"class":57},[39,97871,61],{"class":53},[39,97873,69],{"class":57},[39,97875,72],{"class":53},[39,97877,97878,97880,97882,97884],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97879,1318],{"class":45},[39,97881,117],{"class":53},[39,97883,11096],{"class":120},[39,97885,1609],{"class":53},[39,97887,97888,97890,97892,97894],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,97889,137],{"class":136},[39,97891,124],{"class":53},[39,97893,1318],{"class":120},[39,97895,130],{"class":53},[20,97897,353],{},[30,97899,97900],{"className":32,"code":1600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97901,97902],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97903,97904,97906],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97905,384],{"class":478},[39,97907,1609],{"class":53},[988,97909,8170,97911,97913],{"id":97910},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97912,11035],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97915,97916,97918,97919,97921],{},[15,97917,11035],{}," removes ",[382,97920,732],{}," items from the set.",[20,97923,97924,97925,1292,97930,117],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[195,97926,97928],{"href":97927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97929,55248],{},[195,97931,97933],{"href":97932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97934,12475],{},[988,97936,718,97938,97940],{"id":97937},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97939,3498],{}," for an empty set",[20,97942,25398],{},[30,97944,97946],{"className":32,"code":97945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97947,97948,97957],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97949,97950,97953,97955],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97951,97952],{"class":45},"empty_value ",[39,97954,50],{"class":49},[39,97956,9553],{"class":53},[39,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967,97970],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,97960,137],{"class":136},[39,97962,124],{"class":53},[39,97964,479],{"class":478},[39,97966,124],{"class":53},[39,97968,97969],{"class":120},"empty_value",[39,97971,486],{"class":53},[20,97973,353],{},[30,97975,97976],{"className":32,"code":8525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97977,97978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97979,97980,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97981,510],{"class":49},[39,97983,514],{"class":513},[39,97985,518],{"class":517},[39,97987,8538],{"class":521},[39,97989,524],{"class":517},[39,97991,527],{"class":49},[20,97993,97994,8505],{},[15,97995,3498],{},[20,97997,97998],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[30,98000,98002],{"className":32,"code":98001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98003,98004,98015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98005,98006,98009,98011,98013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98007,98008],{"class":45},"empty_set ",[39,98010,50],{"class":49},[39,98012,15343],{"class":478},[39,98014,1609],{"class":53},[39,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98028],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98018,137],{"class":136},[39,98020,124],{"class":53},[39,98022,479],{"class":478},[39,98024,124],{"class":53},[39,98026,98027],{"class":120},"empty_set",[39,98029,486],{"class":53},[20,98031,353],{},[30,98033,98034],{"className":32,"code":8569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98035,98036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98039,510],{"class":49},[39,98041,514],{"class":513},[39,98043,518],{"class":517},[39,98045,384],{"class":521},[39,98047,524],{"class":517},[39,98049,527],{"class":49},[988,98051,98053],{"id":98052},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[30,98055,98057],{"className":32,"code":98056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98058,98059,98083,98091,98095,98105,98109,98119],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98060,98061,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079,98081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98062,46],{"class":45},[39,98064,50],{"class":49},[39,98066,54],{"class":53},[39,98068,562],{"class":517},[39,98070,1880],{"class":521},[39,98072,562],{"class":517},[39,98074,61],{"class":53},[39,98076,572],{"class":517},[39,98078,11457],{"class":521},[39,98080,562],{"class":517},[39,98082,72],{"class":53},[39,98084,98085,98087,98089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98086,78],{"class":45},[39,98088,50],{"class":49},[39,98090,35888],{"class":45},[39,98092,98093],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,98094,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,98098,195],{"class":45},[39,98100,117],{"class":53},[39,98102,11096],{"class":120},[39,98104,1609],{"class":53},[39,98106,98107],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,98108,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,98112,137],{"class":136},[39,98114,124],{"class":53},[39,98116,195],{"class":120},[39,98118,130],{"class":53},[39,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,98122,137],{"class":136},[39,98124,124],{"class":53},[39,98126,127],{"class":120},[39,98128,130],{"class":53},[20,98130,353],{},[30,98132,98133],{"className":32,"code":97450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98134,98135,98141],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98136,98137,98139],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98138,384],{"class":478},[39,98140,1609],{"class":53},[39,98142,98143,98145],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98144,384],{"class":478},[39,98146,1609],{"class":53},[20,98148,28770,98149,4104,98151,98153],{},[15,98150,195],{},[15,98152,127],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[160,98155,1563],{"id":1562},[988,98157,4853,98159,4856],{"id":98158},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98160,97119],{},[20,98162,4859,98163,98165],{},[15,98164,3484],{},". It empties the set in place.",[988,98167,1567,98169,98171],{"id":98168},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98170,11035],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98173,98174],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[988,98176,98178],{"id":98177},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98180,98181,98182,98184,98185,117],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98183,11035],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98186,3503],{},[988,98188,4890,98190,4104,98192,2199],{"id":98189},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98191,11035],{},[15,98193,3503],{},[20,98195,98196,98198,98199,98201],{},[15,98197,11035],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98200,3503],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[160,98203,1613],{"id":1612},[176,98205,98206,98210,98214,98221,98227,98233],{},[179,98207,98208],{},[195,98209,198],{"href":97217},[179,98211,98212],{},[195,98213,97057],{"href":97601},[179,98215,98216],{},[195,98217,96533,98219,1627],{"href":98218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98220,95925],{},[179,98222,98223],{},[195,98224,96533,98225,1627],{"href":97927},[15,98226,55248],{},[179,98228,98229],{},[195,98230,96533,98231,1627],{"href":97932},[15,98232,12475],{},[179,98234,98235],{},[195,98236,96533,98238,1627],{"href":98237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98239,14663],{},[1642,98241,98242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":98244},[98245,98247,98248,98249,98256,98257,98266,98275],{"id":97192,"depth":75,"text":98246},"What set.clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":97356,"depth":75,"text":98250,"children":98251},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98252,98254],{"id":97369,"depth":99,"text":98253},"Using clear()",{"id":97473,"depth":99,"text":98255},"Using set()",{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":98258},[98259,98261,98263,98265],{"id":97785,"depth":99,"text":98260},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97910,"depth":99,"text":98262},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97937,"depth":99,"text":98264},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98052,"depth":99,"text":98053},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":98267},[98268,98270,98272,98273],{"id":98158,"depth":99,"text":98269},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98168,"depth":99,"text":98271},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98177,"depth":99,"text":98178},{"id":98189,"depth":99,"text":98274},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97107,"description":98276},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98283,"title":98284,"body":98285,"description":100116,"extension":1670,"meta":100117,"navigation":102,"path":96050,"seo":100118,"stem":100119,"__hash__":100120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98286,"toc":100073},[98287,98290,98293,98296,98298,98401,98405,98452,98458,98460,98479,98483,98486,98488,98502,98511,98515,98518,98553,98557,98577,98580,98584,98587,98648,98652,98677,98684,98690,98695,98697,98709,98713,98762,98766,98790,98797,98801,98842,98846,98867,98871,98904,98908,98949,98952,98956,98961,99000,99004,99029,99034,99040,99077,99081,99104,99108,99110,99113,99116,99193,99197,99234,99237,99241,99247,99250,99260,99309,99315,99321,99348,99351,99373,99375,99406,99409,99413,99417,99456,99460,99523,99526,99559,99563,99588,99590,99593,99599,99602,99629,99632,99650,99654,99658,99661,99704,99707,99711,99714,99717,99747,99750,99754,99757,99772,99777,99781,99784,99873,99875,99878,99968,99971,99989,99991,99995,100005,100009,100017,100021,100024,100028,100031,100035,100038,100040,100067,100070],[10,98288,98284],{"id":98289},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98291,98292],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98294,98295],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[160,98297,3313],{"id":3312},[30,98299,98301],{"className":32,"code":98300,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98302,98303,98323,98357,98367,98371,98381,98391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98304,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98306,1379],{"class":45},[39,98308,50],{"class":49},[39,98310,54],{"class":53},[39,98312,58],{"class":57},[39,98314,61],{"class":53},[39,98316,64],{"class":57},[39,98318,61],{"class":53},[39,98320,69],{"class":57},[39,98322,72],{"class":53},[39,98324,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98326,3780],{"class":45},[39,98328,50],{"class":49},[39,98330,15343],{"class":478},[39,98332,917],{"class":53},[39,98334,562],{"class":517},[39,98336,3789],{"class":521},[39,98338,562],{"class":517},[39,98340,61],{"class":53},[39,98342,572],{"class":517},[39,98344,3798],{"class":521},[39,98346,562],{"class":517},[39,98348,61],{"class":53},[39,98350,572],{"class":517},[39,98352,3789],{"class":521},[39,98354,562],{"class":517},[39,98356,3597],{"class":53},[39,98358,98359,98361,98363,98365],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,98360,98008],{"class":45},[39,98362,50],{"class":49},[39,98364,15343],{"class":478},[39,98366,1609],{"class":53},[39,98368,98369],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,98370,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,98372,98373,98375,98377,98379],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,98374,137],{"class":136},[39,98376,124],{"class":53},[39,98378,1457],{"class":120},[39,98380,130],{"class":53},[39,98382,98383,98385,98387,98389],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,98384,137],{"class":136},[39,98386,124],{"class":53},[39,98388,3824],{"class":120},[39,98390,130],{"class":53},[39,98392,98393,98395,98397,98399],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,98394,137],{"class":136},[39,98396,124],{"class":53},[39,98398,98027],{"class":120},[39,98400,130],{"class":53},[20,98402,98403],{},[382,98404,353],{},[30,98406,98408],{"className":32,"code":98407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98409,98410,98426,98446],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98411,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98413,363],{"class":53},[39,98415,58],{"class":57},[39,98417,61],{"class":53},[39,98419,64],{"class":57},[39,98421,61],{"class":53},[39,98423,69],{"class":57},[39,98425,72],{"class":53},[39,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98429,363],{"class":53},[39,98431,524],{"class":517},[39,98433,3798],{"class":521},[39,98435,524],{"class":517},[39,98437,61],{"class":53},[39,98439,518],{"class":517},[39,98441,3789],{"class":521},[39,98443,524],{"class":517},[39,98445,72],{"class":53},[39,98447,98448,98450],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,98449,384],{"class":478},[39,98451,1609],{"class":53},[20,98453,98454,98455,98457],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98456,3503],{}," for an empty set.",[160,98459,14872],{"id":14871},[176,98461,98462,98465,98470,98473,98476],{},[179,98463,98464],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[179,98466,98467,98468],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98469,3503],{},[179,98471,98472],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[179,98474,98475],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[179,98477,98478],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[160,98480,98482],{"id":98481},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98484,98485],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98487,30249],{},[176,98489,98490,98493,98496,98499],{},[179,98491,98492],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[179,98494,98495],{},"Sets are unordered",[179,98497,98498],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[179,98500,98501],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98503,98504,98505,1292,98507,117],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[195,98506,198],{"href":97217},[195,98508,98510],{"href":98509},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[160,98512,98514],{"id":98513},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98516,98517],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[30,98519,98521],{"className":32,"code":98520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98522,98523,98543],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98526,1379],{"class":45},[39,98528,50],{"class":49},[39,98530,54],{"class":53},[39,98532,58],{"class":57},[39,98534,61],{"class":53},[39,98536,64],{"class":57},[39,98538,61],{"class":53},[39,98540,69],{"class":57},[39,98542,72],{"class":53},[39,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98546,137],{"class":136},[39,98548,124],{"class":53},[39,98550,1457],{"class":120},[39,98552,130],{"class":53},[20,98554,98555],{},[382,98556,29739],{},[30,98558,98559],{"className":32,"code":96326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98560,98561],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98564,363],{"class":53},[39,98566,58],{"class":57},[39,98568,61],{"class":53},[39,98570,64],{"class":57},[39,98572,61],{"class":53},[39,98574,69],{"class":57},[39,98576,72],{"class":53},[20,98578,98579],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[988,98581,98583],{"id":98582},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98585,98586],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[30,98588,98590],{"className":32,"code":98589,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98591,98592,98624,98634],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98593,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98595,1379],{"class":45},[39,98597,50],{"class":49},[39,98599,54],{"class":53},[39,98601,58],{"class":57},[39,98603,61],{"class":53},[39,98605,64],{"class":57},[39,98607,61],{"class":53},[39,98609,64],{"class":57},[39,98611,61],{"class":53},[39,98613,69],{"class":57},[39,98615,61],{"class":53},[39,98617,69],{"class":57},[39,98619,61],{"class":53},[39,98621,69],{"class":57},[39,98623,72],{"class":53},[39,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98627,137],{"class":136},[39,98629,124],{"class":53},[39,98631,1457],{"class":120},[39,98633,130],{"class":53},[39,98635,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,98637,137],{"class":136},[39,98639,124],{"class":53},[39,98641,1361],{"class":136},[39,98643,124],{"class":53},[39,98645,1457],{"class":120},[39,98647,486],{"class":53},[20,98649,98650],{},[382,98651,29739],{},[30,98653,98655],{"className":32,"code":98654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98656,98657,98673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98658,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98660,363],{"class":53},[39,98662,58],{"class":57},[39,98664,61],{"class":53},[39,98666,64],{"class":57},[39,98668,61],{"class":53},[39,98670,69],{"class":57},[39,98672,72],{"class":53},[39,98674,98675],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98676,46333],{"class":57},[20,98678,20685,98679,4104,98681,98683],{},[15,98680,85],{},[15,98682,307],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[160,98685,98687,98688],{"id":98686},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98689,3503],{},[20,98691,154,98692,98694],{},[15,98693,3503],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98696,5169],{},[176,98698,98699,98701,98703,98705],{},[179,98700,96806],{},[179,98702,96102],{},[179,98704,56184],{},[179,98706,98707],{},[15,98708,35911],{},[988,98710,98712],{"id":98711},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[30,98714,98716],{"className":32,"code":98715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98717,98718,98752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98719,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98721,1379],{"class":45},[39,98723,50],{"class":49},[39,98725,15343],{"class":478},[39,98727,917],{"class":53},[39,98729,58],{"class":57},[39,98731,61],{"class":53},[39,98733,64],{"class":57},[39,98735,61],{"class":53},[39,98737,64],{"class":57},[39,98739,61],{"class":53},[39,98741,69],{"class":57},[39,98743,61],{"class":53},[39,98745,69],{"class":57},[39,98747,61],{"class":53},[39,98749,94],{"class":57},[39,98751,3597],{"class":53},[39,98753,98754,98756,98758,98760],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98755,137],{"class":136},[39,98757,124],{"class":53},[39,98759,1457],{"class":120},[39,98761,130],{"class":53},[20,98763,98764],{},[382,98765,29739],{},[30,98767,98768],{"className":32,"code":95992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98769,98770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98771,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98773,363],{"class":53},[39,98775,58],{"class":57},[39,98777,61],{"class":53},[39,98779,64],{"class":57},[39,98781,61],{"class":53},[39,98783,69],{"class":57},[39,98785,61],{"class":53},[39,98787,94],{"class":57},[39,98789,72],{"class":53},[20,98791,98792,98793,117],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[195,98794,98796],{"href":98795},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[988,98798,98800],{"id":98799},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[30,98802,98804],{"className":32,"code":98803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98805,98806,98832],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98807,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98809,3529],{"class":45},[39,98811,50],{"class":49},[39,98813,15343],{"class":478},[39,98815,5223],{"class":53},[39,98817,2037],{"class":57},[39,98819,61],{"class":53},[39,98821,7505],{"class":57},[39,98823,61],{"class":53},[39,98825,7505],{"class":57},[39,98827,61],{"class":53},[39,98829,7510],{"class":57},[39,98831,486],{"class":53},[39,98833,98834,98836,98838,98840],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98835,137],{"class":136},[39,98837,124],{"class":53},[39,98839,5070],{"class":120},[39,98841,130],{"class":53},[20,98843,98844],{},[382,98845,29739],{},[30,98847,98849],{"className":32,"code":98848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98850,98851],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98854,363],{"class":53},[39,98856,2037],{"class":57},[39,98858,61],{"class":53},[39,98860,7505],{"class":57},[39,98862,61],{"class":53},[39,98864,7510],{"class":57},[39,98866,72],{"class":53},[988,98868,98870],{"id":98869},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[30,98872,98874],{"className":32,"code":98873,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98875,98876,98894],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98877,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98879,35803],{"class":45},[39,98881,50],{"class":49},[39,98883,15343],{"class":478},[39,98885,124],{"class":53},[39,98887,562],{"class":517},[39,98889,3552],{"class":521},[39,98891,562],{"class":517},[39,98893,130],{"class":53},[39,98895,98896,98898,98900,98902],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98897,137],{"class":136},[39,98899,124],{"class":53},[39,98901,35856],{"class":120},[39,98903,130],{"class":53},[20,98905,98906],{},[382,98907,29739],{},[30,98909,98911],{"className":32,"code":98910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98912,98913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98914,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98916,363],{"class":53},[39,98918,524],{"class":517},[39,98920,60158],{"class":521},[39,98922,524],{"class":517},[39,98924,61],{"class":53},[39,98926,518],{"class":517},[39,98928,60167],{"class":521},[39,98930,524],{"class":517},[39,98932,61],{"class":53},[39,98934,518],{"class":517},[39,98936,60176],{"class":521},[39,98938,524],{"class":517},[39,98940,61],{"class":53},[39,98942,518],{"class":517},[39,98944,60193],{"class":521},[39,98946,524],{"class":517},[39,98948,72],{"class":53},[20,98950,98951],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[160,98953,98955],{"id":98954},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98957,98958,98959,117],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98960,3503],{},[30,98962,98964],{"className":32,"code":98963,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98965,98966,98976,98986],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98969,98008],{"class":45},[39,98971,50],{"class":49},[39,98973,15343],{"class":478},[39,98975,1609],{"class":53},[39,98977,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,98979,137],{"class":136},[39,98981,124],{"class":53},[39,98983,98027],{"class":120},[39,98985,130],{"class":53},[39,98987,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,98989,137],{"class":136},[39,98991,124],{"class":53},[39,98993,479],{"class":478},[39,98995,124],{"class":53},[39,98997,98027],{"class":120},[39,98999,486],{"class":53},[20,99001,99002],{},[382,99003,353],{},[30,99005,99007],{"className":32,"code":99006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99008,99009,99015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99010,99011,99013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99012,384],{"class":478},[39,99014,1609],{"class":53},[39,99016,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99018,510],{"class":49},[39,99020,514],{"class":513},[39,99022,518],{"class":517},[39,99024,384],{"class":521},[39,99026,524],{"class":517},[39,99028,527],{"class":49},[988,99030,44144,99032],{"id":99031},"do-not-use",[15,99033,3498],{},[20,99035,99036,99037,99039],{},"Empty braces do ",[382,99038,4340],{}," create a set.",[30,99041,99043],{"className":32,"code":99042,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99044,99045,99053,99063],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99046,99047,99049,99051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99048,97952],{"class":45},[39,99050,50],{"class":49},[39,99052,9553],{"class":53},[39,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99056,137],{"class":136},[39,99058,124],{"class":53},[39,99060,97969],{"class":120},[39,99062,130],{"class":53},[39,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,99066,137],{"class":136},[39,99068,124],{"class":53},[39,99070,479],{"class":478},[39,99072,124],{"class":53},[39,99074,97969],{"class":120},[39,99076,486],{"class":53},[20,99078,99079],{},[382,99080,353],{},[30,99082,99084],{"className":32,"code":99083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99085,99086,99090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99087,99088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99089,9150],{"class":53},[39,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99093,510],{"class":49},[39,99095,514],{"class":513},[39,99097,518],{"class":517},[39,99099,8538],{"class":521},[39,99101,524],{"class":517},[39,99103,527],{"class":49},[20,99105,99106,8505],{},[15,99107,3498],{},[160,99109,71990],{"id":71989},[20,99111,99112],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99114,99115],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[30,99117,99119],{"className":32,"code":99118,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99120,99121,99169,99179],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99122,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99124,3780],{"class":45},[39,99126,50],{"class":49},[39,99128,54],{"class":53},[39,99130,562],{"class":517},[39,99132,3789],{"class":521},[39,99134,562],{"class":517},[39,99136,61],{"class":53},[39,99138,572],{"class":517},[39,99140,3798],{"class":521},[39,99142,562],{"class":517},[39,99144,61],{"class":53},[39,99146,572],{"class":517},[39,99148,3789],{"class":521},[39,99150,562],{"class":517},[39,99152,61],{"class":53},[39,99154,572],{"class":517},[39,99156,3789],{"class":521},[39,99158,562],{"class":517},[39,99160,61],{"class":53},[39,99162,572],{"class":517},[39,99164,32930],{"class":521},[39,99166,562],{"class":517},[39,99168,72],{"class":53},[39,99170,99171,99173,99175,99177],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99172,137],{"class":136},[39,99174,124],{"class":53},[39,99176,3824],{"class":120},[39,99178,130],{"class":53},[39,99180,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,99182,137],{"class":136},[39,99184,124],{"class":53},[39,99186,1361],{"class":136},[39,99188,124],{"class":53},[39,99190,3824],{"class":120},[39,99192,486],{"class":53},[20,99194,99195],{},[382,99196,29739],{},[30,99198,99200],{"className":32,"code":99199,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99201,99202,99230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99203,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99205,363],{"class":53},[39,99207,524],{"class":517},[39,99209,3798],{"class":521},[39,99211,524],{"class":517},[39,99213,61],{"class":53},[39,99215,518],{"class":517},[39,99217,32930],{"class":521},[39,99219,524],{"class":517},[39,99221,61],{"class":53},[39,99223,518],{"class":517},[39,99225,3789],{"class":521},[39,99227,524],{"class":517},[39,99229,72],{"class":53},[39,99231,99232],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99233,46333],{"class":57},[20,99235,99236],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[160,99238,99240],{"id":99239},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99242,99243,99244,99246],{},"Set items must be ",[382,99245,96090],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99248,99249],{},"These usually work:",[176,99251,99252,99254,99256,99258],{},[179,99253,56181],{},[179,99255,56184],{},[179,99257,96102],{},[179,99259,40309],{},[30,99261,99263],{"className":32,"code":99262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99264,99265,99299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99266,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99268,3529],{"class":45},[39,99270,50],{"class":49},[39,99272,54],{"class":53},[39,99274,58],{"class":57},[39,99276,61],{"class":53},[39,99278,572],{"class":517},[39,99280,3789],{"class":521},[39,99282,562],{"class":517},[39,99284,61],{"class":53},[39,99286,933],{"class":53},[39,99288,2037],{"class":57},[39,99290,61],{"class":53},[39,99292,7505],{"class":57},[39,99294,8951],{"class":53},[39,99296,3625],{"class":3559},[39,99298,72],{"class":53},[39,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99302,137],{"class":136},[39,99304,124],{"class":53},[39,99306,5070],{"class":120},[39,99308,130],{"class":53},[20,99310,99311,99312,99314],{},"These do ",[382,99313,4340],{}," work directly:",[176,99316,99317,99319],{},[179,99318,96806],{},[179,99320,96809],{},[30,99322,99324],{"className":32,"code":99323,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99325,99326],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99327,99328,99331,99333,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99329,99330],{"class":45},"bad_set ",[39,99332,50],{"class":49},[39,99334,99335],{"class":53}," {[",[39,99337,58],{"class":57},[39,99339,61],{"class":53},[39,99341,64],{"class":57},[39,99343,61],{"class":53},[39,99345,69],{"class":57},[39,99347,13415],{"class":53},[20,99349,99350],{},"This raises an error:",[30,99352,99353],{"className":32,"code":96865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,99354,99355],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99356,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99358,2711],{"class":478},[39,99360,1250],{"class":53},[39,99362,96876],{"class":45},[39,99364,479],{"class":478},[39,99366,1250],{"class":53},[39,99368,518],{"class":517},[39,99370,7810],{"class":521},[39,99372,29409],{"class":517},[20,99374,51798],{},[30,99376,99378],{"className":32,"code":99377,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99379,99380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99381,99382,99384,99386,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99383,99330],{"class":45},[39,99385,50],{"class":49},[39,99387,99388],{"class":53}," {{",[39,99390,562],{"class":517},[39,99392,7382],{"class":521},[39,99394,562],{"class":517},[39,99396,1250],{"class":53},[39,99398,572],{"class":517},[39,99400,7391],{"class":521},[39,99402,562],{"class":517},[39,99404,99405],{"class":53},"}}\n",[20,99407,99408],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[160,99410,99412],{"id":99411},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[988,99414,99416],{"id":99415},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[30,99418,99420],{"className":32,"code":99419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99421,99422,99446],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99425,1379],{"class":45},[39,99427,50],{"class":49},[39,99429,54],{"class":53},[39,99431,58],{"class":57},[39,99433,61],{"class":53},[39,99435,64],{"class":57},[39,99437,61],{"class":53},[39,99439,69],{"class":57},[39,99441,61],{"class":53},[39,99443,94],{"class":57},[39,99445,72],{"class":53},[39,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99449,137],{"class":136},[39,99451,124],{"class":53},[39,99453,1457],{"class":120},[39,99455,130],{"class":53},[988,99457,99459],{"id":99458},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[30,99461,99463],{"className":32,"code":99462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99464,99465,99493,99508,99512],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99466,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99468,7494],{"class":45},[39,99470,50],{"class":49},[39,99472,3327],{"class":53},[39,99474,58],{"class":57},[39,99476,61],{"class":53},[39,99478,5210],{"class":57},[39,99480,61],{"class":53},[39,99482,64],{"class":57},[39,99484,61],{"class":53},[39,99486,69],{"class":57},[39,99488,61],{"class":53},[39,99490,69],{"class":57},[39,99492,3340],{"class":53},[39,99494,99495,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99496,99497],{"class":45},"unique_items ",[39,99499,50],{"class":49},[39,99501,15343],{"class":478},[39,99503,124],{"class":53},[39,99505,7525],{"class":120},[39,99507,130],{"class":53},[39,99509,99510],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,99511,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,99513,99514,99516,99518,99521],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,99515,137],{"class":136},[39,99517,124],{"class":53},[39,99519,99520],{"class":120},"unique_items",[39,99522,130],{"class":53},[988,99524,98870],{"id":99525},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[30,99527,99529],{"className":32,"code":99528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99530,99531,99549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99534,35803],{"class":45},[39,99536,50],{"class":49},[39,99538,15343],{"class":478},[39,99540,124],{"class":53},[39,99542,562],{"class":517},[39,99544,3798],{"class":521},[39,99546,562],{"class":517},[39,99548,130],{"class":53},[39,99550,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99552,137],{"class":136},[39,99554,124],{"class":53},[39,99556,35856],{"class":120},[39,99558,130],{"class":53},[988,99560,99562],{"id":99561},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[30,99564,99566],{"className":32,"code":99565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99567,99568,99578],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99569,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99571,98008],{"class":45},[39,99573,50],{"class":49},[39,99575,15343],{"class":478},[39,99577,1609],{"class":53},[39,99579,99580,99582,99584,99586],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99581,137],{"class":136},[39,99583,124],{"class":53},[39,99585,98027],{"class":120},[39,99587,130],{"class":53},[160,99589,2537],{"id":2536},[20,99591,99592],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[988,99594,718,99596,99598],{"id":99595},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99597,3498],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99600,99601],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[30,99603,99605],{"className":32,"code":99604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99606,99607,99615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99608,99609,99611,99613],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99610,2154],{"class":45},[39,99612,50],{"class":49},[39,99614,9553],{"class":53},[39,99616,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99618,137],{"class":136},[39,99620,124],{"class":53},[39,99622,479],{"class":478},[39,99624,124],{"class":53},[39,99626,2179],{"class":120},[39,99628,486],{"class":53},[20,99630,99631],{},"This prints:",[30,99633,99634],{"className":32,"code":8525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,99635,99636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99637,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99639,510],{"class":49},[39,99641,514],{"class":513},[39,99643,518],{"class":517},[39,99645,8538],{"class":521},[39,99647,524],{"class":517},[39,99649,527],{"class":49},[20,99651,154,99652,6343],{},[15,99653,3503],{},[988,99655,99657],{"id":99656},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99659,99660],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[30,99662,99664],{"className":32,"code":99663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99665,99666,99694],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99669,1379],{"class":45},[39,99671,50],{"class":49},[39,99673,54],{"class":53},[39,99675,58],{"class":57},[39,99677,61],{"class":53},[39,99679,5210],{"class":57},[39,99681,61],{"class":53},[39,99683,64],{"class":57},[39,99685,61],{"class":53},[39,99687,64],{"class":57},[39,99689,61],{"class":53},[39,99691,69],{"class":57},[39,99693,72],{"class":53},[39,99695,99696,99698,99700,99702],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99697,137],{"class":136},[39,99699,124],{"class":53},[39,99701,1457],{"class":120},[39,99703,130],{"class":53},[20,99705,99706],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[988,99708,99710],{"id":99709},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99712,99713],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99715,99716],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[30,99718,99720],{"className":32,"code":99719,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99721,99722,99742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99725,1379],{"class":45},[39,99727,50],{"class":49},[39,99729,54],{"class":53},[39,99731,2037],{"class":57},[39,99733,61],{"class":53},[39,99735,7505],{"class":57},[39,99737,61],{"class":53},[39,99739,7510],{"class":57},[39,99741,72],{"class":53},[39,99743,99744],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99745,99746],{"class":150},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99748,99749],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[988,99751,99753],{"id":99752},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99755,99756],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[30,99758,99760],{"className":32,"code":99759,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99761,99762,99767],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99763,99764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99765,99766],{"class":150},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[39,99768,99769],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99770,99771],{"class":150},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99773,99774,99775,117],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99776,2711],{},[988,99778,99780],{"id":99779},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99782,99783],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[30,99785,99787],{"className":32,"code":99786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99788,99789,99809,99841,99845,99859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99792,15338],{"class":45},[39,99794,50],{"class":49},[39,99796,54],{"class":53},[39,99798,58],{"class":57},[39,99800,61],{"class":53},[39,99802,64],{"class":57},[39,99804,61],{"class":53},[39,99806,69],{"class":57},[39,99808,72],{"class":53},[39,99810,99811,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99812,11436],{"class":45},[39,99814,50],{"class":49},[39,99816,54],{"class":53},[39,99818,562],{"class":517},[39,99820,195],{"class":521},[39,99822,562],{"class":517},[39,99824,1250],{"class":53},[39,99826,5210],{"class":57},[39,99828,61],{"class":53},[39,99830,572],{"class":517},[39,99832,127],{"class":521},[39,99834,562],{"class":517},[39,99836,1250],{"class":53},[39,99838,64],{"class":57},[39,99840,72],{"class":53},[39,99842,99843],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,99844,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,99848,137],{"class":136},[39,99850,124],{"class":53},[39,99852,479],{"class":478},[39,99854,124],{"class":53},[39,99856,1318],{"class":120},[39,99858,486],{"class":53},[39,99860,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,99862,137],{"class":136},[39,99864,124],{"class":53},[39,99866,479],{"class":478},[39,99868,124],{"class":53},[39,99870,11163],{"class":120},[39,99872,486],{"class":53},[160,99874,92505],{"id":92504},[20,99876,99877],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[30,99879,99881],{"className":32,"code":99880,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99882,99883,99909,99913,99927,99937,99951,99958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99884,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99886,15338],{"class":45},[39,99888,50],{"class":49},[39,99890,15343],{"class":478},[39,99892,917],{"class":53},[39,99894,58],{"class":57},[39,99896,61],{"class":53},[39,99898,64],{"class":57},[39,99900,61],{"class":53},[39,99902,64],{"class":57},[39,99904,61],{"class":53},[39,99906,69],{"class":57},[39,99908,3597],{"class":53},[39,99910,99911],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,99912,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,99916,137],{"class":136},[39,99918,124],{"class":53},[39,99920,479],{"class":478},[39,99922,124],{"class":53},[39,99924,1318],{"class":120},[39,99926,486],{"class":53},[39,99928,99929,99931,99933,99935],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,99930,137],{"class":136},[39,99932,124],{"class":53},[39,99934,1318],{"class":120},[39,99936,130],{"class":53},[39,99938,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,99940,137],{"class":136},[39,99942,124],{"class":53},[39,99944,1361],{"class":136},[39,99946,124],{"class":53},[39,99948,1318],{"class":120},[39,99950,486],{"class":53},[39,99952,99953,99955],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,99954,137],{"class":136},[39,99956,99957],{"class":53},"({})\n",[39,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,99961,137],{"class":136},[39,99963,124],{"class":53},[39,99965,384],{"class":478},[39,99967,6907],{"class":53},[20,99969,99970],{},"Use these to confirm:",[176,99972,99973,99976,99979,99982],{},[179,99974,99975],{},"The object type",[179,99977,99978],{},"The actual values stored",[179,99980,99981],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[179,99983,99984,99985,4104,99987],{},"The difference between ",[15,99986,3498],{},[15,99988,3503],{},[160,99990,1563],{"id":1562},[988,99992,99994],{"id":99993},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99996,99997,99998,100001,100002,100004],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99999,100000],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100003,3503],{}," with another iterable.",[988,100006,100008],{"id":100007},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100010,154,100011,100013,100014,100016],{},[15,100012,3503],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100015,3498],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[988,100018,100020],{"id":100019},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100022,100023],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[988,100025,100027],{"id":100026},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100029,100030],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[988,100032,100034],{"id":100033},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100036,100037],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[160,100039,1613],{"id":1612},[176,100041,100042,100046,100052,100058,100062],{},[179,100043,100044],{},[195,100045,198],{"href":97217},[179,100047,100048],{},[195,100049,13,100050,1627],{"href":98218},[15,100051,95930],{},[179,100053,100054],{},[195,100055,13,100056,1627],{"href":98237},[15,100057,97033],{},[179,100059,100060],{},[195,100061,1640],{"href":98795},[179,100063,100064],{},[195,100065,100066],{"href":98509},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100068,100069],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1642,100071,100072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":100074},[100075,100076,100077,100078,100081,100087,100091,100092,100093,100099,100107,100108,100115],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":98481,"depth":75,"text":98482},{"id":98513,"depth":75,"text":98514,"children":100079},[100080],{"id":98582,"depth":99,"text":98583},{"id":98686,"depth":75,"text":100082,"children":100083},"Create a set with set()",[100084,100085,100086],{"id":98711,"depth":99,"text":98712},{"id":98799,"depth":99,"text":98800},{"id":98869,"depth":99,"text":98870},{"id":98954,"depth":75,"text":98955,"children":100088},[100089],{"id":99031,"depth":99,"text":100090},"Do not use {}",{"id":71989,"depth":75,"text":71990},{"id":99239,"depth":75,"text":99240},{"id":99411,"depth":75,"text":99412,"children":100094},[100095,100096,100097,100098],{"id":99415,"depth":99,"text":99416},{"id":99458,"depth":99,"text":99459},{"id":99525,"depth":99,"text":98870},{"id":99561,"depth":99,"text":99562},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":100100},[100101,100103,100104,100105,100106],{"id":99595,"depth":99,"text":100102},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99656,"depth":99,"text":99657},{"id":99709,"depth":99,"text":99710},{"id":99752,"depth":99,"text":99753},{"id":99779,"depth":99,"text":99780},{"id":92504,"depth":75,"text":92505},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":100109},[100110,100111,100112,100113,100114],{"id":99993,"depth":99,"text":99994},{"id":100007,"depth":99,"text":100008},{"id":100019,"depth":99,"text":100020},{"id":100026,"depth":99,"text":100027},{"id":100033,"depth":99,"text":100034},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98284,"description":100116},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100122,"title":100123,"body":100124,"description":102540,"extension":1670,"meta":102541,"navigation":102,"path":1295,"seo":102542,"stem":102543,"__hash__":102544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100125,"toc":102505},[100126,100131,100136,100139,100141,100218,100220,100237,100247,100249,100254,100262,100264,100279,100283,100285,100287,100290,100309,100312,100335,100341,100343,100440,100442,100459,100469,100471,100473,100481,100483,100494,100496,100587,100589,100613,100624,100626,100628,100631,100761,100763,100836,100838,100859,100862,100864,100869,100874,100877,101004,101006,101023,101026,101028,101036,101038,101042,101048,101139,101141,101178,101183,101189,101266,101268,101284,101289,101294,101296,101305,101313,101394,101396,101425,101428,101432,101443,101446,101529,101531,101552,101558,101560,101562,101566,101570,101577,101642,101644,101664,101667,101736,101738,101754,101758,101764,101776,101784,101786,101871,101873,101902,101905,101909,101914,101916,101966,101969,102050,102052,102068,102072,102075,102150,102153,102157,102160,102237,102239,102272,102278,102282,102285,102420,102422,102436,102438,102440,102445,102447,102454,102462,102468,102471,102475,102478,102480,102482,102502],[10,100127,95922,100129,18],{"id":100128},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100130,1298],{},[20,100132,100133,100135],{},[15,100134,1634],{}," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100137,100138],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[160,100140,3313],{"id":3312},[30,100142,100144],{"className":32,"code":100143,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100145,100146,100170,100190,100208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100147,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100149,46],{"class":45},[39,100151,50],{"class":49},[39,100153,54],{"class":53},[39,100155,58],{"class":57},[39,100157,61],{"class":53},[39,100159,64],{"class":57},[39,100161,61],{"class":53},[39,100163,69],{"class":57},[39,100165,61],{"class":53},[39,100167,94],{"class":57},[39,100169,72],{"class":53},[39,100171,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100173,78],{"class":45},[39,100175,50],{"class":49},[39,100177,54],{"class":53},[39,100179,307],{"class":57},[39,100181,61],{"class":53},[39,100183,94],{"class":57},[39,100185,61],{"class":53},[39,100187,316],{"class":57},[39,100189,72],{"class":53},[39,100191,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100193,109],{"class":45},[39,100195,50],{"class":49},[39,100197,114],{"class":45},[39,100199,117],{"class":53},[39,100201,2518],{"class":120},[39,100203,124],{"class":53},[39,100205,127],{"class":120},[39,100207,130],{"class":53},[39,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,100211,137],{"class":136},[39,100213,124],{"class":53},[39,100215,142],{"class":120},[39,100217,130],{"class":53},[20,100219,353],{},[30,100221,100223],{"className":32,"code":100222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100224,100225],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100226,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100228,363],{"class":53},[39,100230,58],{"class":57},[39,100232,61],{"class":53},[39,100234,64],{"class":57},[39,100236,72],{"class":53},[20,100238,100239,100241,100242,100244,100245,117],{},[15,100240,1298],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100243,195],{}," that are not in ",[15,100246,127],{},[44632,100248],{},[160,100250,3383,100252,3386],{"id":100251},"what-difference-does",[15,100253,1298],{},[20,100255,22,100256,100258,100259,100261],{},[15,100257,1298],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[382,100260,4340],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100263,174],{},[176,100265,100266,100271,100274,100276],{},[179,100267,100268,100270],{},[15,100269,1298],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[179,100272,100273],{},"It creates a new set",[179,100275,184],{},[179,100277,100278],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100280,193,100281,117],{},[195,100282,198],{"href":97217},[44632,100284],{},[160,100286,202],{"id":201},[20,100288,100289],{},"Use this form:",[30,100291,100293],{"className":32,"code":100292,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100294,100295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100298,212],{"class":45},[39,100300,117],{"class":53},[39,100302,2518],{"class":120},[39,100304,124],{"class":53},[39,100306,221],{"class":120},[39,100308,130],{"class":53},[20,100310,100311],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[30,100313,100315],{"className":32,"code":100314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100316,100317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100318,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100320,212],{"class":45},[39,100322,117],{"class":53},[39,100324,2518],{"class":120},[39,100326,124],{"class":53},[39,100328,221],{"class":120},[39,100330,61],{"class":53},[39,100332,248],{"class":120},[39,100334,130],{"class":53},[20,100336,100337,100338,100340],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[382,100339,5065],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100342,267],{},[30,100344,100346],{"className":32,"code":100345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100347,100348,100376,100392,100404,100408,100430],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100349,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100351,46],{"class":45},[39,100353,50],{"class":49},[39,100355,54],{"class":53},[39,100357,58],{"class":57},[39,100359,61],{"class":53},[39,100361,64],{"class":57},[39,100363,61],{"class":53},[39,100365,69],{"class":57},[39,100367,61],{"class":53},[39,100369,94],{"class":57},[39,100371,61],{"class":53},[39,100373,316],{"class":57},[39,100375,72],{"class":53},[39,100377,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100379,78],{"class":45},[39,100381,50],{"class":49},[39,100383,54],{"class":53},[39,100385,85],{"class":57},[39,100387,61],{"class":53},[39,100389,69],{"class":57},[39,100391,72],{"class":53},[39,100393,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100395,791],{"class":45},[39,100397,50],{"class":49},[39,100399,54],{"class":53},[39,100401,1843],{"class":57},[39,100403,72],{"class":53},[39,100405,100406],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,100407,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100409,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,100411,109],{"class":45},[39,100413,50],{"class":49},[39,100415,114],{"class":45},[39,100417,117],{"class":53},[39,100419,2518],{"class":120},[39,100421,124],{"class":53},[39,100423,127],{"class":120},[39,100425,61],{"class":53},[39,100427,833],{"class":120},[39,100429,130],{"class":53},[39,100431,100432,100434,100436,100438],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,100433,137],{"class":136},[39,100435,124],{"class":53},[39,100437,142],{"class":120},[39,100439,130],{"class":53},[20,100441,353],{},[30,100443,100445],{"className":32,"code":100444,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100446,100447],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100448,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100450,363],{"class":53},[39,100452,58],{"class":57},[39,100454,61],{"class":53},[39,100456,94],{"class":57},[39,100458,72],{"class":53},[20,100460,100461,100462,100464,100465,1292,100467,117],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100463,195],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100466,127],{},[15,100468,9454],{},[44632,100470],{},[160,100472,375],{"id":374},[20,100474,100475,100477,100478,117],{},[15,100476,1298],{}," always returns a ",[382,100479,100480],{},"new set",[20,100482,43365],{},[176,100484,100485,100488,100491],{},[179,100486,100487],{},"The return value is a new set",[179,100489,100490],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[179,100492,100493],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100495,267],{},[30,100497,100499],{"className":32,"code":100498,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100500,100501,100517,100537,100541,100559,100563,100573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100502,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100504,46],{"class":45},[39,100506,50],{"class":49},[39,100508,54],{"class":53},[39,100510,58],{"class":57},[39,100512,61],{"class":53},[39,100514,64],{"class":57},[39,100516,72],{"class":53},[39,100518,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100520,78],{"class":45},[39,100522,50],{"class":49},[39,100524,54],{"class":53},[39,100526,58],{"class":57},[39,100528,61],{"class":53},[39,100530,64],{"class":57},[39,100532,61],{"class":53},[39,100534,69],{"class":57},[39,100536,72],{"class":53},[39,100538,100539],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100540,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100542,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,100544,109],{"class":45},[39,100546,50],{"class":49},[39,100548,114],{"class":45},[39,100550,117],{"class":53},[39,100552,2518],{"class":120},[39,100554,124],{"class":53},[39,100556,127],{"class":120},[39,100558,130],{"class":53},[39,100560,100561],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,100562,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100564,100565,100567,100569,100571],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,100566,137],{"class":136},[39,100568,124],{"class":53},[39,100570,142],{"class":120},[39,100572,130],{"class":53},[39,100574,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,100576,137],{"class":136},[39,100578,124],{"class":53},[39,100580,479],{"class":478},[39,100582,124],{"class":53},[39,100584,142],{"class":120},[39,100586,486],{"class":53},[20,100588,353],{},[30,100590,100591],{"className":32,"code":99006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,100592,100593,100599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100594,100595,100597],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100596,384],{"class":478},[39,100598,1609],{"class":53},[39,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100602,510],{"class":49},[39,100604,514],{"class":513},[39,100606,518],{"class":517},[39,100608,384],{"class":521},[39,100610,524],{"class":517},[39,100612,527],{"class":49},[20,100614,100615,100616,18670,100618,100620,100621,100623],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100617,3503],{},[15,100619,3498],{},". In Python, ",[15,100622,3498],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44632,100625],{},[160,100627,542],{"id":541},[20,100629,100630],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[30,100632,100634],{"className":32,"code":100633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100635,100636,100669,100702,100706,100726,100730,100740,100751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100637,100638,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100639,100640],{"class":45},"fruits_a ",[39,100642,50],{"class":49},[39,100644,54],{"class":53},[39,100646,562],{"class":517},[39,100648,3789],{"class":521},[39,100650,562],{"class":517},[39,100652,61],{"class":53},[39,100654,572],{"class":517},[39,100656,3798],{"class":521},[39,100658,562],{"class":517},[39,100660,61],{"class":53},[39,100662,572],{"class":517},[39,100664,32930],{"class":521},[39,100666,562],{"class":517},[39,100668,72],{"class":53},[39,100670,100671,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100672,100673],{"class":45},"fruits_b ",[39,100675,50],{"class":49},[39,100677,54],{"class":53},[39,100679,562],{"class":517},[39,100681,3798],{"class":521},[39,100683,562],{"class":517},[39,100685,61],{"class":53},[39,100687,572],{"class":517},[39,100689,32930],{"class":521},[39,100691,562],{"class":517},[39,100693,61],{"class":53},[39,100695,572],{"class":517},[39,100697,22239],{"class":521},[39,100699,562],{"class":517},[39,100701,72],{"class":53},[39,100703,100704],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100705,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100707,100708,100710,100712,100715,100717,100719,100721,100724],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,100709,109],{"class":45},[39,100711,50],{"class":49},[39,100713,100714],{"class":45}," fruits_a",[39,100716,117],{"class":53},[39,100718,2518],{"class":120},[39,100720,124],{"class":53},[39,100722,100723],{"class":120},"fruits_b",[39,100725,130],{"class":53},[39,100727,100728],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,100729,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100731,100732,100734,100736,100738],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,100733,137],{"class":136},[39,100735,124],{"class":53},[39,100737,142],{"class":120},[39,100739,130],{"class":53},[39,100741,100742,100744,100746,100749],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,100743,137],{"class":136},[39,100745,124],{"class":53},[39,100747,100748],{"class":120},"fruits_a",[39,100750,130],{"class":53},[39,100752,100753,100755,100757,100759],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,100754,137],{"class":136},[39,100756,124],{"class":53},[39,100758,100723],{"class":120},[39,100760,130],{"class":53},[20,100762,29739],{},[30,100764,100766],{"className":32,"code":100765,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100767,100768,100780,100808],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100769,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100771,363],{"class":53},[39,100773,524],{"class":517},[39,100775,3789],{"class":521},[39,100777,524],{"class":517},[39,100779,72],{"class":53},[39,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100783,363],{"class":53},[39,100785,524],{"class":517},[39,100787,3798],{"class":521},[39,100789,524],{"class":517},[39,100791,61],{"class":53},[39,100793,518],{"class":517},[39,100795,32930],{"class":521},[39,100797,524],{"class":517},[39,100799,61],{"class":53},[39,100801,518],{"class":517},[39,100803,3789],{"class":521},[39,100805,524],{"class":517},[39,100807,72],{"class":53},[39,100809,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100811,363],{"class":53},[39,100813,524],{"class":517},[39,100815,3798],{"class":521},[39,100817,524],{"class":517},[39,100819,61],{"class":53},[39,100821,518],{"class":517},[39,100823,32930],{"class":521},[39,100825,524],{"class":517},[39,100827,61],{"class":53},[39,100829,518],{"class":517},[39,100831,22239],{"class":521},[39,100833,524],{"class":517},[39,100835,72],{"class":53},[20,100837,692],{},[176,100839,100840,100845,100850,100856],{},[179,100841,100842,100843],{},"Start with ",[15,100844,100748],{},[179,100846,100847,100848],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100849,100723],{},[179,100851,100852,100853,100855],{},"Only ",[15,100854,57552],{}," remains",[179,100857,100858],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100860,100861],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44632,100863],{},[160,100865,718,100867,721],{"id":100866},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100868,1298],{},[20,100870,100871,100872,117],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100873,1298],{},[20,100875,100876],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[30,100878,100880],{"className":32,"code":100879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100881,100882,100914,100931,100944,100961,100965,100994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100883,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100885,1379],{"class":45},[39,100887,50],{"class":49},[39,100889,54],{"class":53},[39,100891,58],{"class":57},[39,100893,61],{"class":53},[39,100895,64],{"class":57},[39,100897,61],{"class":53},[39,100899,69],{"class":57},[39,100901,61],{"class":53},[39,100903,94],{"class":57},[39,100905,61],{"class":53},[39,100907,316],{"class":57},[39,100909,61],{"class":53},[39,100911,806],{"class":57},[39,100913,72],{"class":53},[39,100915,100916,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,100917,100918],{"class":45},"group_a ",[39,100920,50],{"class":49},[39,100922,54],{"class":53},[39,100924,85],{"class":57},[39,100926,61],{"class":53},[39,100928,94],{"class":57},[39,100930,72],{"class":53},[39,100932,100933,100936,100938,100940,100942],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,100934,100935],{"class":45},"group_b ",[39,100937,50],{"class":49},[39,100939,54],{"class":53},[39,100941,1843],{"class":57},[39,100943,72],{"class":53},[39,100945,100946,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,100947,100948],{"class":45},"group_c ",[39,100950,50],{"class":49},[39,100952,54],{"class":53},[39,100954,80315],{"class":57},[39,100956,61],{"class":53},[39,100958,5707],{"class":57},[39,100960,72],{"class":53},[39,100962,100963],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,100964,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,100966,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979,100982,100984,100987,100989,100992],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,100968,109],{"class":45},[39,100970,50],{"class":49},[39,100972,1433],{"class":45},[39,100974,117],{"class":53},[39,100976,2518],{"class":120},[39,100978,124],{"class":53},[39,100980,100981],{"class":120},"group_a",[39,100983,61],{"class":53},[39,100985,100986],{"class":120}," group_b",[39,100988,61],{"class":53},[39,100990,100991],{"class":120}," group_c",[39,100993,130],{"class":53},[39,100995,100996,100998,101000,101002],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,100997,137],{"class":136},[39,100999,124],{"class":53},[39,101001,142],{"class":120},[39,101003,130],{"class":53},[20,101005,353],{},[30,101007,101009],{"className":32,"code":101008,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101010,101011],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101012,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101014,363],{"class":53},[39,101016,58],{"class":57},[39,101018,61],{"class":53},[39,101020,69],{"class":57},[39,101022,72],{"class":53},[20,101024,101025],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44632,101027],{},[160,101029,101031,980,101033],{"id":101030},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101032,1298],{},[15,101034,101035],{},"difference_update()",[20,101037,986],{},[988,101039,101040],{"id":2518},[15,101041,1298],{},[176,101043,101044,101046],{},[179,101045,996],{},[179,101047,999],{},[30,101049,101051],{"className":32,"code":101050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101052,101053,101077,101093,101097,101115,101119,101129],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101056,46],{"class":45},[39,101058,50],{"class":49},[39,101060,54],{"class":53},[39,101062,58],{"class":57},[39,101064,61],{"class":53},[39,101066,64],{"class":57},[39,101068,61],{"class":53},[39,101070,69],{"class":57},[39,101072,61],{"class":53},[39,101074,94],{"class":57},[39,101076,72],{"class":53},[39,101078,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101080,78],{"class":45},[39,101082,50],{"class":49},[39,101084,54],{"class":53},[39,101086,307],{"class":57},[39,101088,61],{"class":53},[39,101090,94],{"class":57},[39,101092,72],{"class":53},[39,101094,101095],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101096,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101100,109],{"class":45},[39,101102,50],{"class":49},[39,101104,114],{"class":45},[39,101106,117],{"class":53},[39,101108,2518],{"class":120},[39,101110,124],{"class":53},[39,101112,127],{"class":120},[39,101114,130],{"class":53},[39,101116,101117],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101118,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101120,101121,101123,101125,101127],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,101122,137],{"class":136},[39,101124,124],{"class":53},[39,101126,142],{"class":120},[39,101128,130],{"class":53},[39,101130,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,101132,137],{"class":136},[39,101134,124],{"class":53},[39,101136,195],{"class":120},[39,101138,130],{"class":53},[20,101140,353],{},[30,101142,101144],{"className":32,"code":101143,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101145,101146,101158],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101147,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101149,363],{"class":53},[39,101151,58],{"class":57},[39,101153,61],{"class":53},[39,101155,64],{"class":57},[39,101157,72],{"class":53},[39,101159,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101161,363],{"class":53},[39,101163,58],{"class":57},[39,101165,61],{"class":53},[39,101167,64],{"class":57},[39,101169,61],{"class":53},[39,101171,69],{"class":57},[39,101173,61],{"class":53},[39,101175,94],{"class":57},[39,101177,72],{"class":53},[988,101179,101181],{"id":101180},"difference_update",[15,101182,101035],{},[176,101184,101185,101187],{},[179,101186,1135],{},[179,101188,96040],{},[30,101190,101192],{"className":32,"code":101191,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101193,101194,101218,101234,101238,101252,101256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101195,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101197,46],{"class":45},[39,101199,50],{"class":49},[39,101201,54],{"class":53},[39,101203,58],{"class":57},[39,101205,61],{"class":53},[39,101207,64],{"class":57},[39,101209,61],{"class":53},[39,101211,69],{"class":57},[39,101213,61],{"class":53},[39,101215,94],{"class":57},[39,101217,72],{"class":53},[39,101219,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101221,78],{"class":45},[39,101223,50],{"class":49},[39,101225,54],{"class":53},[39,101227,307],{"class":57},[39,101229,61],{"class":53},[39,101231,94],{"class":57},[39,101233,72],{"class":53},[39,101235,101236],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101237,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101239,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101241,195],{"class":45},[39,101243,117],{"class":53},[39,101245,101180],{"class":120},[39,101247,124],{"class":53},[39,101249,127],{"class":120},[39,101251,130],{"class":53},[39,101253,101254],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101255,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101257,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,101259,137],{"class":136},[39,101261,124],{"class":53},[39,101263,195],{"class":120},[39,101265,130],{"class":53},[20,101267,353],{},[30,101269,101270],{"className":32,"code":100222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101271,101272],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101273,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101275,363],{"class":53},[39,101277,58],{"class":57},[39,101279,61],{"class":53},[39,101281,64],{"class":57},[39,101283,72],{"class":53},[20,101285,154,101286,101288],{},[15,101287,1298],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101290,101291,101292,33310],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101293,101035],{},[44632,101295],{},[160,101297,101299,101301,101302,101304],{"id":101298},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101300,1298],{}," vs the ",[15,101303,1730],{}," operator",[20,101306,22,101307,101309,101310,101312],{},[15,101308,1730],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101311,1298],{}," for two sets.",[30,101314,101316],{"className":32,"code":101315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101317,101318,101342,101358,101362,101380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101319,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101321,46],{"class":45},[39,101323,50],{"class":49},[39,101325,54],{"class":53},[39,101327,58],{"class":57},[39,101329,61],{"class":53},[39,101331,64],{"class":57},[39,101333,61],{"class":53},[39,101335,69],{"class":57},[39,101337,61],{"class":53},[39,101339,94],{"class":57},[39,101341,72],{"class":53},[39,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101345,78],{"class":45},[39,101347,50],{"class":49},[39,101349,54],{"class":53},[39,101351,307],{"class":57},[39,101353,61],{"class":53},[39,101355,94],{"class":57},[39,101357,72],{"class":53},[39,101359,101360],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101361,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101365,137],{"class":136},[39,101367,124],{"class":53},[39,101369,195],{"class":120},[39,101371,117],{"class":53},[39,101373,2518],{"class":120},[39,101375,124],{"class":53},[39,101377,127],{"class":120},[39,101379,486],{"class":53},[39,101381,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101383,137],{"class":136},[39,101385,124],{"class":53},[39,101387,46],{"class":120},[39,101389,1730],{"class":49},[39,101391,2266],{"class":120},[39,101393,130],{"class":53},[20,101395,353],{},[30,101397,101399],{"className":32,"code":101398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101400,101401,101413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101404,363],{"class":53},[39,101406,58],{"class":57},[39,101408,61],{"class":53},[39,101410,64],{"class":57},[39,101412,72],{"class":53},[39,101414,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101416,363],{"class":53},[39,101418,58],{"class":57},[39,101420,61],{"class":53},[39,101422,64],{"class":57},[39,101424,72],{"class":53},[20,101426,101427],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101429,94310,101430,2199],{},[15,101431,1298],{},[176,101433,101434,101437,101440],{},[179,101435,101436],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[179,101438,101439],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[179,101441,101442],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101444,101445],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[30,101447,101449],{"className":32,"code":101448,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101450,101451,101479,101491,101503,101507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101452,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101454,46],{"class":45},[39,101456,50],{"class":49},[39,101458,54],{"class":53},[39,101460,58],{"class":57},[39,101462,61],{"class":53},[39,101464,64],{"class":57},[39,101466,61],{"class":53},[39,101468,69],{"class":57},[39,101470,61],{"class":53},[39,101472,94],{"class":57},[39,101474,61],{"class":53},[39,101476,316],{"class":57},[39,101478,72],{"class":53},[39,101480,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101482,78],{"class":45},[39,101484,50],{"class":49},[39,101486,54],{"class":53},[39,101488,85],{"class":57},[39,101490,72],{"class":53},[39,101492,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101494,791],{"class":45},[39,101496,50],{"class":49},[39,101498,54],{"class":53},[39,101500,2212],{"class":57},[39,101502,72],{"class":53},[39,101504,101505],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101506,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101508,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101510,137],{"class":136},[39,101512,124],{"class":53},[39,101514,195],{"class":120},[39,101516,117],{"class":53},[39,101518,2518],{"class":120},[39,101520,124],{"class":53},[39,101522,127],{"class":120},[39,101524,61],{"class":53},[39,101526,833],{"class":120},[39,101528,486],{"class":53},[20,101530,353],{},[30,101532,101534],{"className":32,"code":101533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101535,101536],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101539,363],{"class":53},[39,101541,58],{"class":57},[39,101543,61],{"class":53},[39,101545,69],{"class":57},[39,101547,61],{"class":53},[39,101549,316],{"class":57},[39,101551,72],{"class":53},[20,101553,101554,101555,101557],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101556,1730],{}," operator expression.",[44632,101559],{},[160,101561,1244],{"id":1243},[20,101563,20919,101564,117],{},[15,101565,1298],{},[988,101567,101569],{"id":101568},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101571,4337,101572,101574,101575,1250],{},[382,101573,4340],{}," change ",[15,101576,195],{},[30,101578,101580],{"className":32,"code":101579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101581,101582,101602,101614,101618,101632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101583,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101585,46],{"class":45},[39,101587,50],{"class":49},[39,101589,54],{"class":53},[39,101591,58],{"class":57},[39,101593,61],{"class":53},[39,101595,64],{"class":57},[39,101597,61],{"class":53},[39,101599,69],{"class":57},[39,101601,72],{"class":53},[39,101603,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101605,78],{"class":45},[39,101607,50],{"class":49},[39,101609,54],{"class":53},[39,101611,307],{"class":57},[39,101613,72],{"class":53},[39,101615,101616],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101617,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101619,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101621,195],{"class":45},[39,101623,117],{"class":53},[39,101625,2518],{"class":120},[39,101627,124],{"class":53},[39,101629,127],{"class":120},[39,101631,130],{"class":53},[39,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101635,137],{"class":136},[39,101637,124],{"class":53},[39,101639,195],{"class":120},[39,101641,130],{"class":53},[20,101643,353],{},[30,101645,101646],{"className":32,"code":96326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101647,101648],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101649,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101651,363],{"class":53},[39,101653,58],{"class":57},[39,101655,61],{"class":53},[39,101657,64],{"class":57},[39,101659,61],{"class":53},[39,101661,69],{"class":57},[39,101663,72],{"class":53},[20,101665,101666],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[30,101668,101670],{"className":32,"code":101669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101671,101672,101692,101704,101708,101726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101675,46],{"class":45},[39,101677,50],{"class":49},[39,101679,54],{"class":53},[39,101681,58],{"class":57},[39,101683,61],{"class":53},[39,101685,64],{"class":57},[39,101687,61],{"class":53},[39,101689,69],{"class":57},[39,101691,72],{"class":53},[39,101693,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101695,78],{"class":45},[39,101697,50],{"class":49},[39,101699,54],{"class":53},[39,101701,307],{"class":57},[39,101703,72],{"class":53},[39,101705,101706],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101707,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101709,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101711,46],{"class":45},[39,101713,50],{"class":49},[39,101715,114],{"class":45},[39,101717,117],{"class":53},[39,101719,2518],{"class":120},[39,101721,124],{"class":53},[39,101723,127],{"class":120},[39,101725,130],{"class":53},[39,101727,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101729,137],{"class":136},[39,101731,124],{"class":53},[39,101733,195],{"class":120},[39,101735,130],{"class":53},[20,101737,353],{},[30,101739,101740],{"className":32,"code":100222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101741,101742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101745,363],{"class":53},[39,101747,58],{"class":57},[39,101749,61],{"class":53},[39,101751,64],{"class":57},[39,101753,72],{"class":53},[988,101755,101757],{"id":101756},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101759,101760,101763],{},[15,101761,101762],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[176,101765,101766,101771],{},[179,101767,101768,101769],{},"keep items from ",[15,101770,195],{},[179,101772,101773,101774],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101775,127],{},[20,101777,40620,101778,101780,101781,101783],{},[382,101779,4340],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101782,127],{},"”.",[20,101785,267],{},[30,101787,101789],{"className":32,"code":101788,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101790,101791,101811,101831,101835,101853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101794,46],{"class":45},[39,101796,50],{"class":49},[39,101798,54],{"class":53},[39,101800,58],{"class":57},[39,101802,61],{"class":53},[39,101804,64],{"class":57},[39,101806,61],{"class":53},[39,101808,69],{"class":57},[39,101810,72],{"class":53},[39,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101814,78],{"class":45},[39,101816,50],{"class":49},[39,101818,54],{"class":53},[39,101820,307],{"class":57},[39,101822,61],{"class":53},[39,101824,94],{"class":57},[39,101826,61],{"class":53},[39,101828,316],{"class":57},[39,101830,72],{"class":53},[39,101832,101833],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101834,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101838,137],{"class":136},[39,101840,124],{"class":53},[39,101842,195],{"class":120},[39,101844,117],{"class":53},[39,101846,2518],{"class":120},[39,101848,124],{"class":53},[39,101850,127],{"class":120},[39,101852,486],{"class":53},[39,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,101856,137],{"class":136},[39,101858,124],{"class":53},[39,101860,127],{"class":120},[39,101862,117],{"class":53},[39,101864,2518],{"class":120},[39,101866,124],{"class":53},[39,101868,195],{"class":120},[39,101870,486],{"class":53},[20,101872,353],{},[30,101874,101876],{"className":32,"code":101875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101877,101878,101890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101879,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101881,363],{"class":53},[39,101883,58],{"class":57},[39,101885,61],{"class":53},[39,101887,64],{"class":57},[39,101889,72],{"class":53},[39,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101893,363],{"class":53},[39,101895,2212],{"class":57},[39,101897,61],{"class":53},[39,101899,316],{"class":57},[39,101901,72],{"class":53},[20,101903,101904],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[988,101906,101908],{"id":101907},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101910,101911,101913],{},[15,101912,1298],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101915,55038],{},[30,101917,101919],{"className":32,"code":101918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101920,101921,101941,101957,101961],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101922,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101924,46],{"class":45},[39,101926,50],{"class":49},[39,101928,3327],{"class":53},[39,101930,58],{"class":57},[39,101932,61],{"class":53},[39,101934,64],{"class":57},[39,101936,61],{"class":53},[39,101938,69],{"class":57},[39,101940,3340],{"class":53},[39,101942,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101944,78],{"class":45},[39,101946,50],{"class":49},[39,101948,3327],{"class":53},[39,101950,307],{"class":57},[39,101952,61],{"class":53},[39,101954,94],{"class":57},[39,101956,3340],{"class":53},[39,101958,101959],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,101960,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,101962,101963],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,101964,101965],{"class":150},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101967,101968],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[30,101970,101972],{"className":32,"code":101971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101973,101974,101994,102010,102014,102040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101975,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101977,46],{"class":45},[39,101979,50],{"class":49},[39,101981,3327],{"class":53},[39,101983,58],{"class":57},[39,101985,61],{"class":53},[39,101987,64],{"class":57},[39,101989,61],{"class":53},[39,101991,69],{"class":57},[39,101993,3340],{"class":53},[39,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,101997,78],{"class":45},[39,101999,50],{"class":49},[39,102001,3327],{"class":53},[39,102003,307],{"class":57},[39,102005,61],{"class":53},[39,102007,94],{"class":57},[39,102009,3340],{"class":53},[39,102011,102012],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102013,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102015,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102017,109],{"class":45},[39,102019,50],{"class":49},[39,102021,15343],{"class":478},[39,102023,124],{"class":53},[39,102025,195],{"class":120},[39,102027,8349],{"class":53},[39,102029,2518],{"class":120},[39,102031,124],{"class":53},[39,102033,384],{"class":478},[39,102035,124],{"class":53},[39,102037,127],{"class":120},[39,102039,486],{"class":53},[39,102041,102042,102044,102046,102048],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,102043,137],{"class":136},[39,102045,124],{"class":53},[39,102047,142],{"class":120},[39,102049,130],{"class":53},[20,102051,353],{},[30,102053,102054],{"className":32,"code":100222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,102055,102056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102057,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102059,363],{"class":53},[39,102061,58],{"class":57},[39,102063,61],{"class":53},[39,102065,64],{"class":57},[39,102067,72],{"class":53},[988,102069,102071],{"id":102070},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102073,102074],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[30,102076,102078],{"className":32,"code":102077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102079,102080,102112,102128,102132],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102083,46],{"class":45},[39,102085,50],{"class":49},[39,102087,54],{"class":53},[39,102089,562],{"class":517},[39,102091,36761],{"class":521},[39,102093,562],{"class":517},[39,102095,61],{"class":53},[39,102097,572],{"class":517},[39,102099,57846],{"class":521},[39,102101,562],{"class":517},[39,102103,61],{"class":53},[39,102105,572],{"class":517},[39,102107,57863],{"class":521},[39,102109,562],{"class":517},[39,102111,72],{"class":53},[39,102113,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102115,78],{"class":45},[39,102117,50],{"class":49},[39,102119,54],{"class":53},[39,102121,562],{"class":517},[39,102123,57846],{"class":521},[39,102125,562],{"class":517},[39,102127,72],{"class":53},[39,102129,102130],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102131,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102133,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102135,137],{"class":136},[39,102137,124],{"class":53},[39,102139,195],{"class":120},[39,102141,117],{"class":53},[39,102143,2518],{"class":120},[39,102145,124],{"class":53},[39,102147,127],{"class":120},[39,102149,486],{"class":53},[20,102151,102152],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[988,102154,102156],{"id":102155},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102158,102159],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,102161,102163],{"className":32,"code":102162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102164,102165,102193,102205,102209,102219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102166,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102168,46],{"class":45},[39,102170,50],{"class":49},[39,102172,54],{"class":53},[39,102174,58],{"class":57},[39,102176,61],{"class":53},[39,102178,5210],{"class":57},[39,102180,61],{"class":53},[39,102182,64],{"class":57},[39,102184,61],{"class":53},[39,102186,64],{"class":57},[39,102188,61],{"class":53},[39,102190,69],{"class":57},[39,102192,72],{"class":53},[39,102194,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102196,78],{"class":45},[39,102198,50],{"class":49},[39,102200,54],{"class":53},[39,102202,307],{"class":57},[39,102204,72],{"class":53},[39,102206,102207],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102208,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102210,102211,102213,102215,102217],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102212,137],{"class":136},[39,102214,124],{"class":53},[39,102216,195],{"class":120},[39,102218,130],{"class":53},[39,102220,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,102222,137],{"class":136},[39,102224,124],{"class":53},[39,102226,195],{"class":120},[39,102228,117],{"class":53},[39,102230,2518],{"class":120},[39,102232,124],{"class":53},[39,102234,127],{"class":120},[39,102236,486],{"class":53},[20,102238,353],{},[30,102240,102242],{"className":32,"code":102241,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102243,102244,102260],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102245,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102247,363],{"class":53},[39,102249,58],{"class":57},[39,102251,61],{"class":53},[39,102253,64],{"class":57},[39,102255,61],{"class":53},[39,102257,69],{"class":57},[39,102259,72],{"class":53},[39,102261,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102263,363],{"class":53},[39,102265,58],{"class":57},[39,102267,61],{"class":53},[39,102269,64],{"class":57},[39,102271,72],{"class":53},[20,102273,102274,102275,102277],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102276,1298],{}," runs.",[988,102279,102281],{"id":102280},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102283,102284],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[30,102286,102288],{"className":32,"code":102287,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102289,102290,102314,102334,102338,102348,102358,102376,102398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102291,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102293,46],{"class":45},[39,102295,50],{"class":49},[39,102297,54],{"class":53},[39,102299,58],{"class":57},[39,102301,61],{"class":53},[39,102303,64],{"class":57},[39,102305,61],{"class":53},[39,102307,69],{"class":57},[39,102309,61],{"class":53},[39,102311,94],{"class":57},[39,102313,72],{"class":53},[39,102315,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102317,78],{"class":45},[39,102319,50],{"class":49},[39,102321,54],{"class":53},[39,102323,307],{"class":57},[39,102325,61],{"class":53},[39,102327,94],{"class":57},[39,102329,61],{"class":53},[39,102331,316],{"class":57},[39,102333,72],{"class":53},[39,102335,102336],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102337,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102341,137],{"class":136},[39,102343,124],{"class":53},[39,102345,195],{"class":120},[39,102347,130],{"class":53},[39,102349,102350,102352,102354,102356],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,102351,137],{"class":136},[39,102353,124],{"class":53},[39,102355,127],{"class":120},[39,102357,130],{"class":53},[39,102359,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,102361,137],{"class":136},[39,102363,124],{"class":53},[39,102365,195],{"class":120},[39,102367,117],{"class":53},[39,102369,2518],{"class":120},[39,102371,124],{"class":53},[39,102373,127],{"class":120},[39,102375,486],{"class":53},[39,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,102379,137],{"class":136},[39,102381,124],{"class":53},[39,102383,479],{"class":478},[39,102385,124],{"class":53},[39,102387,195],{"class":120},[39,102389,117],{"class":53},[39,102391,2518],{"class":120},[39,102393,124],{"class":53},[39,102395,127],{"class":120},[39,102397,2619],{"class":53},[39,102399,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,102401,137],{"class":136},[39,102403,124],{"class":53},[39,102405,1361],{"class":136},[39,102407,124],{"class":53},[39,102409,195],{"class":120},[39,102411,117],{"class":53},[39,102413,2518],{"class":120},[39,102415,124],{"class":53},[39,102417,127],{"class":120},[39,102419,2619],{"class":53},[20,102421,10884],{},[176,102423,102424,102427,102430,102433],{},[179,102425,102426],{},"what is in each set",[179,102428,102429],{},"what result Python creates",[179,102431,102432],{},"that the result is a set",[179,102434,102435],{},"how many items remain",[44632,102437],{},[160,102439,1563],{"id":1562},[988,102441,1567,102443,1570],{"id":102442},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102444,1298],{},[20,102446,1573],{},[988,102448,4890,102450,4104,102452,2199],{"id":102449},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102451,1298],{},[15,102453,101035],{},[20,102455,102456,102458,102459,102461],{},[15,102457,1298],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102460,101035],{}," modifies the original set.",[988,102463,28037,102465,102467],{"id":102464},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102466,1298],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102469,102470],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[988,102472,102474],{"id":102473},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102476,102477],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44632,102479],{},[160,102481,1613],{"id":1612},[176,102483,102484,102488,102495],{},[179,102485,102486],{},[195,102487,198],{"href":97217},[179,102489,102490],{},[195,102491,96533,102493,1627],{"href":102492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102494,157],{},[179,102496,102497],{},[195,102498,96533,102500,1627],{"href":102499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102501,1291],{},[1642,102503,102504],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":102506},[102507,102508,102510,102511,102512,102513,102515,102520,102522,102530,102539],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":100251,"depth":75,"text":102509},"What difference() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":100866,"depth":75,"text":102514},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101030,"depth":75,"text":102516,"children":102517},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102518,102519],{"id":2518,"depth":99,"text":1298},{"id":101180,"depth":99,"text":101035},{"id":101298,"depth":75,"text":102521},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":102523},[102524,102525,102526,102527,102528,102529],{"id":101568,"depth":99,"text":101569},{"id":101756,"depth":99,"text":101757},{"id":101907,"depth":99,"text":101908},{"id":102070,"depth":99,"text":102071},{"id":102155,"depth":99,"text":102156},{"id":102280,"depth":99,"text":102281},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":102531},[102532,102534,102536,102538],{"id":102442,"depth":99,"text":102533},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102449,"depth":99,"text":102535},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102464,"depth":99,"text":102537},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102473,"depth":99,"text":102474},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":100123,"description":102540},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102546,"title":102547,"body":102548,"description":104243,"extension":1670,"meta":104244,"navigation":102,"path":104245,"seo":104246,"stem":104247,"__hash__":104248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102549,"toc":104205},[102550,102556,102562,102575,102577,102678,102680,102725,102730,102735,102739,102753,102756,102764,102766,102785,102803,102807,102860,102862,102883,102890,102895,102922,102929,103028,103030,103067,103075,103079,103085,103088,103161,103163,103171,103176,103245,103247,103272,103274,103277,103380,103382,103443,103446,103450,103456,103529,103531,103564,103567,103570,103610,103616,103639,103644,103648,103659,103662,103664,103668,103674,103676,103733,103743,103745,103798,103805,103810,103878,103886,103892,103896,103898,103937,103942,103991,103995,103998,104000,104039,104042,104044,104049,104106,104108,104122,104124,104128,104134,104139,104144,104151,104162,104168,104173,104175,104202],[10,102551,95922,102553,18],{"id":102552},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102554,102555],{},"discard()",[20,102557,102558,102561],{},[15,102559,102560],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102563,102564,102565,1896,102570,13763,102572,102574],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[195,102566,102567],{"href":97927},[15,102568,102569],{},"set.remove()",[15,102571,102555],{},[382,102573,4340],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[160,102576,1711],{"id":1710},[30,102578,102580],{"className":32,"code":102579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102581,102582,102614,102633,102643,102647,102668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102585,12786],{"class":45},[39,102587,50],{"class":49},[39,102589,54],{"class":53},[39,102591,562],{"class":517},[39,102593,565],{"class":521},[39,102595,562],{"class":517},[39,102597,61],{"class":53},[39,102599,572],{"class":517},[39,102601,575],{"class":521},[39,102603,562],{"class":517},[39,102605,61],{"class":53},[39,102607,572],{"class":517},[39,102609,584],{"class":521},[39,102611,562],{"class":517},[39,102613,72],{"class":53},[39,102615,102616,102618,102620,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102617,17209],{"class":45},[39,102619,117],{"class":53},[39,102621,102622],{"class":120},"discard",[39,102624,124],{"class":53},[39,102626,562],{"class":517},[39,102628,575],{"class":521},[39,102630,562],{"class":517},[39,102632,130],{"class":53},[39,102634,102635,102637,102639,102641],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102636,137],{"class":136},[39,102638,124],{"class":53},[39,102640,17209],{"class":120},[39,102642,130],{"class":53},[39,102644,102645],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102646,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102648,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,102650,17209],{"class":45},[39,102652,117],{"class":53},[39,102654,102622],{"class":120},[39,102656,124],{"class":53},[39,102658,562],{"class":517},[39,102660,610],{"class":521},[39,102662,562],{"class":517},[39,102664,3366],{"class":53},[39,102666,102667],{"class":150},"  # no error if missing\n",[39,102669,102670,102672,102674,102676],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,102671,137],{"class":136},[39,102673,124],{"class":53},[39,102675,17209],{"class":120},[39,102677,130],{"class":53},[20,102679,29739],{},[30,102681,102683],{"className":32,"code":102682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102684,102685,102705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102686,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102688,363],{"class":53},[39,102690,524],{"class":517},[39,102692,565],{"class":521},[39,102694,524],{"class":517},[39,102696,61],{"class":53},[39,102698,518],{"class":517},[39,102700,584],{"class":521},[39,102702,524],{"class":517},[39,102704,72],{"class":53},[39,102706,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102708,363],{"class":53},[39,102710,524],{"class":517},[39,102712,565],{"class":521},[39,102714,524],{"class":517},[39,102716,61],{"class":53},[39,102718,518],{"class":517},[39,102720,584],{"class":521},[39,102722,524],{"class":517},[39,102724,72],{"class":53},[20,102726,154,102727,102729],{},[15,102728,102555],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[160,102731,3383,102733,3386],{"id":102732},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102734,102560],{},[20,102736,102737,1250],{},[15,102738,102555],{},[176,102740,102741,102744,102747,102749],{},[179,102742,102743],{},"Removes one item from a set",[179,102745,102746],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[179,102748,96037],{},[179,102750,11137,102751],{},[15,102752,3484],{},[20,102754,102755],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102757,193,102758,1292,102761,117],{},[195,102759,102760],{"href":98509},"what a set is in Python",[195,102762,102763],{"href":97601},"how to create a set",[160,102765,202],{"id":201},[30,102767,102769],{"className":32,"code":102768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102770,102771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102772,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102774,1318],{"class":45},[39,102776,117],{"class":53},[39,102778,102622],{"class":120},[39,102780,124],{"class":53},[39,102782,2179],{"class":120},[39,102784,130],{"class":53},[176,102786,102787,102792,102797,102800],{},[179,102788,102789,102791],{},[15,102790,1318],{}," is the set you want to change",[179,102793,102794,102796],{},[15,102795,2179],{}," is the item you want to remove",[179,102798,102799],{},"The set must already exist",[179,102801,102802],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[988,102804,102806],{"id":102805},"example","Example",[30,102808,102810],{"className":32,"code":102809,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102811,102812,102836,102850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102813,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102815,1379],{"class":45},[39,102817,50],{"class":49},[39,102819,54],{"class":53},[39,102821,58],{"class":57},[39,102823,61],{"class":53},[39,102825,64],{"class":57},[39,102827,61],{"class":53},[39,102829,69],{"class":57},[39,102831,61],{"class":53},[39,102833,94],{"class":57},[39,102835,72],{"class":53},[39,102837,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102839,1457],{"class":45},[39,102841,117],{"class":53},[39,102843,102622],{"class":120},[39,102845,124],{"class":53},[39,102847,307],{"class":57},[39,102849,130],{"class":53},[39,102851,102852,102854,102856,102858],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102853,137],{"class":136},[39,102855,124],{"class":53},[39,102857,1457],{"class":120},[39,102859,130],{"class":53},[20,102861,353],{},[30,102863,102865],{"className":32,"code":102864,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102866,102867],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102868,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102870,363],{"class":53},[39,102872,58],{"class":57},[39,102874,61],{"class":53},[39,102876,64],{"class":57},[39,102878,61],{"class":53},[39,102880,94],{"class":57},[39,102882,72],{"class":53},[160,102884,102886,102887,102889],{"id":102885},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102888,102555],{}," different",[20,102891,102892,102894],{},[15,102893,102555],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[176,102896,102897,102910,102919],{},[179,102898,102899,102900,1896,102904,102906,102907,102909],{},"Unlike ",[195,102901,102902],{"href":97927},[15,102903,55248],{},[15,102905,102555],{}," does not raise ",[15,102908,19394],{}," when the item is missing",[179,102911,102899,102912,1896,102916,102918],{},[195,102913,102914],{"href":97932},[15,102915,12475],{},[15,102917,102555],{}," removes a specific item",[179,102920,102921],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[988,102923,102925,980,102927],{"id":102924},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102926,102555],{},[15,102928,55248],{},[30,102930,102932],{"className":32,"code":102931,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102933,102934,102958,102962,102983,102993,102997,103018],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102937,7494],{"class":45},[39,102939,50],{"class":49},[39,102941,54],{"class":53},[39,102943,562],{"class":517},[39,102945,3789],{"class":521},[39,102947,562],{"class":517},[39,102949,61],{"class":53},[39,102951,572],{"class":517},[39,102953,3798],{"class":521},[39,102955,562],{"class":517},[39,102957,72],{"class":53},[39,102959,102960],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,102961,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102963,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,102965,7525],{"class":45},[39,102967,117],{"class":53},[39,102969,102622],{"class":120},[39,102971,124],{"class":53},[39,102973,562],{"class":517},[39,102975,32930],{"class":521},[39,102977,562],{"class":517},[39,102979,3366],{"class":53},[39,102981,102982],{"class":150},"   # no error\n",[39,102984,102985,102987,102989,102991],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,102986,137],{"class":136},[39,102988,124],{"class":53},[39,102990,7525],{"class":120},[39,102992,130],{"class":53},[39,102994,102995],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,102996,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,102998,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,103000,7525],{"class":45},[39,103002,117],{"class":53},[39,103004,34505],{"class":120},[39,103006,124],{"class":53},[39,103008,562],{"class":517},[39,103010,3798],{"class":521},[39,103012,562],{"class":517},[39,103014,3366],{"class":53},[39,103016,103017],{"class":150},"    # removes existing item\n",[39,103019,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,103021,137],{"class":136},[39,103023,124],{"class":53},[39,103025,7525],{"class":120},[39,103027,130],{"class":53},[20,103029,353],{},[30,103031,103033],{"className":32,"code":103032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103034,103035,103055],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103036,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103038,363],{"class":53},[39,103040,524],{"class":517},[39,103042,3789],{"class":521},[39,103044,524],{"class":517},[39,103046,61],{"class":53},[39,103048,518],{"class":517},[39,103050,3798],{"class":521},[39,103052,524],{"class":517},[39,103054,72],{"class":53},[39,103056,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103058,363],{"class":53},[39,103060,524],{"class":517},[39,103062,3789],{"class":521},[39,103064,524],{"class":517},[39,103066,72],{"class":53},[20,103068,40057,103069,103071,103072,103074],{},[15,103070,55248],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[195,103073,10789],{"href":10788}," for more help with that case.",[160,103076,103078],{"id":103077},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103080,103081,2104,103083,117],{},[15,103082,102555],{},[15,103084,3484],{},[20,103086,103087],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[30,103089,103091],{"className":32,"code":103090,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103092,103093,103125,103147,103151],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103094,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103096,12786],{"class":45},[39,103098,50],{"class":49},[39,103100,54],{"class":53},[39,103102,562],{"class":517},[39,103104,565],{"class":521},[39,103106,562],{"class":517},[39,103108,61],{"class":53},[39,103110,572],{"class":517},[39,103112,575],{"class":521},[39,103114,562],{"class":517},[39,103116,61],{"class":53},[39,103118,572],{"class":517},[39,103120,584],{"class":521},[39,103122,562],{"class":517},[39,103124,72],{"class":53},[39,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103128,109],{"class":45},[39,103130,50],{"class":49},[39,103132,12832],{"class":45},[39,103134,117],{"class":53},[39,103136,102622],{"class":120},[39,103138,124],{"class":53},[39,103140,562],{"class":517},[39,103142,575],{"class":521},[39,103144,562],{"class":517},[39,103146,130],{"class":53},[39,103148,103149],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103150,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103152,103153,103155,103157,103159],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103154,137],{"class":136},[39,103156,124],{"class":53},[39,103158,142],{"class":120},[39,103160,130],{"class":53},[20,103162,353],{},[30,103164,103165],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,103166,103167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103168,103169],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103170,11520],{"class":3559},[20,103172,103173,103174,1250],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103175,17209],{},[30,103177,103179],{"className":32,"code":103178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103180,103181,103213,103231,103235],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103182,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103184,12786],{"class":45},[39,103186,50],{"class":49},[39,103188,54],{"class":53},[39,103190,562],{"class":517},[39,103192,565],{"class":521},[39,103194,562],{"class":517},[39,103196,61],{"class":53},[39,103198,572],{"class":517},[39,103200,575],{"class":521},[39,103202,562],{"class":517},[39,103204,61],{"class":53},[39,103206,572],{"class":517},[39,103208,584],{"class":521},[39,103210,562],{"class":517},[39,103212,72],{"class":53},[39,103214,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103216,17209],{"class":45},[39,103218,117],{"class":53},[39,103220,102622],{"class":120},[39,103222,124],{"class":53},[39,103224,562],{"class":517},[39,103226,575],{"class":521},[39,103228,562],{"class":517},[39,103230,130],{"class":53},[39,103232,103233],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103234,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103238,137],{"class":136},[39,103240,124],{"class":53},[39,103242,17209],{"class":120},[39,103244,130],{"class":53},[20,103246,353],{},[30,103248,103250],{"className":32,"code":103249,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103251,103252],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103255,363],{"class":53},[39,103257,524],{"class":517},[39,103259,565],{"class":521},[39,103261,524],{"class":517},[39,103263,61],{"class":53},[39,103265,518],{"class":517},[39,103267,584],{"class":521},[39,103269,524],{"class":517},[39,103271,72],{"class":53},[160,103273,542],{"id":541},[20,103275,103276],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[30,103278,103280],{"className":32,"code":103279,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103281,103282,103314,103318,103336,103340,103358,103362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103283,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103285,35952],{"class":45},[39,103287,50],{"class":49},[39,103289,54],{"class":53},[39,103291,562],{"class":517},[39,103293,3789],{"class":521},[39,103295,562],{"class":517},[39,103297,61],{"class":53},[39,103299,572],{"class":517},[39,103301,3798],{"class":521},[39,103303,562],{"class":517},[39,103305,61],{"class":53},[39,103307,572],{"class":517},[39,103309,32930],{"class":521},[39,103311,562],{"class":517},[39,103313,72],{"class":53},[39,103315,103316],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103317,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103319,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103321,137],{"class":136},[39,103323,124],{"class":53},[39,103325,562],{"class":517},[39,103327,11276],{"class":521},[39,103329,562],{"class":517},[39,103331,61],{"class":53},[39,103333,52570],{"class":120},[39,103335,130],{"class":53},[39,103337,103338],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103339,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103341,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,103343,36004],{"class":45},[39,103345,117],{"class":53},[39,103347,102622],{"class":120},[39,103349,124],{"class":53},[39,103351,562],{"class":517},[39,103353,3798],{"class":521},[39,103355,562],{"class":517},[39,103357,130],{"class":53},[39,103359,103360],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,103361,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,103365,137],{"class":136},[39,103367,124],{"class":53},[39,103369,562],{"class":517},[39,103371,11316],{"class":521},[39,103373,562],{"class":517},[39,103375,61],{"class":53},[39,103377,52570],{"class":120},[39,103379,130],{"class":53},[20,103381,353],{},[30,103383,103385],{"className":32,"code":103384,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103386,103387,103419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103388,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103390,11336],{"class":45},[39,103392,1250],{"class":53},[39,103394,54],{"class":53},[39,103396,524],{"class":517},[39,103398,3798],{"class":521},[39,103400,524],{"class":517},[39,103402,61],{"class":53},[39,103404,518],{"class":517},[39,103406,3789],{"class":521},[39,103408,524],{"class":517},[39,103410,61],{"class":53},[39,103412,518],{"class":517},[39,103414,32930],{"class":521},[39,103416,524],{"class":517},[39,103418,72],{"class":53},[39,103420,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103422,11389],{"class":45},[39,103424,1250],{"class":53},[39,103426,54],{"class":53},[39,103428,524],{"class":517},[39,103430,3789],{"class":521},[39,103432,524],{"class":517},[39,103434,61],{"class":53},[39,103436,518],{"class":517},[39,103438,32930],{"class":521},[39,103440,524],{"class":517},[39,103442,72],{"class":53},[20,103444,103445],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[160,103447,103449],{"id":103448},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103451,103452,103453,103455],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103454,102555],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[30,103457,103459],{"className":32,"code":103458,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103460,103461,103493,103497,103515,103519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103462,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103464,35952],{"class":45},[39,103466,50],{"class":49},[39,103468,54],{"class":53},[39,103470,562],{"class":517},[39,103472,3789],{"class":521},[39,103474,562],{"class":517},[39,103476,61],{"class":53},[39,103478,572],{"class":517},[39,103480,3798],{"class":521},[39,103482,562],{"class":517},[39,103484,61],{"class":53},[39,103486,572],{"class":517},[39,103488,32930],{"class":521},[39,103490,562],{"class":517},[39,103492,72],{"class":53},[39,103494,103495],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103496,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103498,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103500,36004],{"class":45},[39,103502,117],{"class":53},[39,103504,102622],{"class":120},[39,103506,124],{"class":53},[39,103508,562],{"class":517},[39,103510,22239],{"class":521},[39,103512,562],{"class":517},[39,103514,130],{"class":53},[39,103516,103517],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103518,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,103522,137],{"class":136},[39,103524,124],{"class":53},[39,103526,36004],{"class":120},[39,103528,130],{"class":53},[20,103530,353],{},[30,103532,103534],{"className":32,"code":103533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103535,103536],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103539,363],{"class":53},[39,103541,524],{"class":517},[39,103543,3798],{"class":521},[39,103545,524],{"class":517},[39,103547,61],{"class":53},[39,103549,518],{"class":517},[39,103551,3789],{"class":521},[39,103553,524],{"class":517},[39,103555,61],{"class":53},[39,103557,518],{"class":517},[39,103559,32930],{"class":521},[39,103561,524],{"class":517},[39,103563,72],{"class":53},[20,103565,103566],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103568,103569],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[30,103571,103573],{"className":32,"code":103572,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103574,103575,103591],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103576,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103578,6710],{"class":3584},[39,103580,572],{"class":517},[39,103582,22239],{"class":521},[39,103584,562],{"class":517},[39,103586,20881],{"class":49},[39,103588,52570],{"class":45},[39,103590,6107],{"class":53},[39,103592,103593,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103594,103595],{"class":45},"    fruits",[39,103597,117],{"class":53},[39,103599,34505],{"class":120},[39,103601,124],{"class":53},[39,103603,562],{"class":517},[39,103605,22239],{"class":521},[39,103607,562],{"class":517},[39,103609,130],{"class":53},[20,103611,103612,103613,103615],{},"With ",[15,103614,102555],{},", you can simply write:",[30,103617,103619],{"className":32,"code":103618,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103620,103621],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103622,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103624,36004],{"class":45},[39,103626,117],{"class":53},[39,103628,102622],{"class":120},[39,103630,124],{"class":53},[39,103632,562],{"class":517},[39,103634,22239],{"class":521},[39,103636,562],{"class":517},[39,103638,130],{"class":53},[160,103640,4671,103642],{"id":103641},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103643,102555],{},[20,103645,154,103646,10315],{},[15,103647,102555],{},[176,103649,103650,103653,103656],{},[179,103651,103652],{},"Missing values are normal",[179,103654,103655],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[179,103657,103658],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103660,103661],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[160,103663,2537],{"id":2536},[20,103665,8164,103666,117],{},[15,103667,102555],{},[988,103669,8170,103671,103673],{"id":103670},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103672,102555],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103675,4235],{},[30,103677,103679],{"className":32,"code":103678,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103680,103681,103701,103719,103723],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103682,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103684,1379],{"class":45},[39,103686,50],{"class":49},[39,103688,54],{"class":53},[39,103690,58],{"class":57},[39,103692,61],{"class":53},[39,103694,64],{"class":57},[39,103696,61],{"class":53},[39,103698,69],{"class":57},[39,103700,72],{"class":53},[39,103702,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103704,1379],{"class":45},[39,103706,50],{"class":49},[39,103708,1433],{"class":45},[39,103710,117],{"class":53},[39,103712,102622],{"class":120},[39,103714,124],{"class":53},[39,103716,85],{"class":57},[39,103718,130],{"class":53},[39,103720,103721],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103722,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103724,103725,103727,103729,103731],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103726,137],{"class":136},[39,103728,124],{"class":53},[39,103730,1457],{"class":120},[39,103732,130],{"class":53},[20,103734,103735,41870,103737,8319,103739,2104,103741,117],{},[15,103736,1457],{},[15,103738,3484],{},[15,103740,102555],{},[15,103742,3484],{},[20,103744,18547],{},[30,103746,103748],{"className":32,"code":103747,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103749,103750,103770,103784,103788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103751,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103753,1379],{"class":45},[39,103755,50],{"class":49},[39,103757,54],{"class":53},[39,103759,58],{"class":57},[39,103761,61],{"class":53},[39,103763,64],{"class":57},[39,103765,61],{"class":53},[39,103767,69],{"class":57},[39,103769,72],{"class":53},[39,103771,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103773,1457],{"class":45},[39,103775,117],{"class":53},[39,103777,102622],{"class":120},[39,103779,124],{"class":53},[39,103781,85],{"class":57},[39,103783,130],{"class":53},[39,103785,103786],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103787,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,103789,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,103791,137],{"class":136},[39,103793,124],{"class":53},[39,103795,1457],{"class":120},[39,103797,130],{"class":53},[988,103799,1282,103801,1285,103803],{"id":103800},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103802,102555],{},[15,103804,55248],{},[20,103806,103807,103808,117],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103809,102555],{},[30,103811,103813],{"className":32,"code":103812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103814,103815,103847,103868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103816,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103818,35803],{"class":45},[39,103820,50],{"class":49},[39,103822,54],{"class":53},[39,103824,562],{"class":517},[39,103826,195],{"class":521},[39,103828,562],{"class":517},[39,103830,61],{"class":53},[39,103832,572],{"class":517},[39,103834,127],{"class":521},[39,103836,562],{"class":517},[39,103838,61],{"class":53},[39,103840,572],{"class":517},[39,103842,9454],{"class":521},[39,103844,562],{"class":517},[39,103846,72],{"class":53},[39,103848,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103850,35856],{"class":45},[39,103852,117],{"class":53},[39,103854,102622],{"class":120},[39,103856,124],{"class":53},[39,103858,562],{"class":517},[39,103860,21784],{"class":521},[39,103862,562],{"class":517},[39,103864,3366],{"class":53},[39,103866,103867],{"class":150},"   # safe\n",[39,103869,103870,103872,103874,103876],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103871,137],{"class":136},[39,103873,124],{"class":53},[39,103875,35856],{"class":120},[39,103877,130],{"class":53},[20,103879,103880,103881,45624,103884,117],{},"If you use ",[15,103882,103883],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103885,19394],{},[988,103887,25324,103889,103891],{"id":103888},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103890,102555],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103893,103894,101913],{},[15,103895,102555],{},[20,103897,16353],{},[30,103899,103901],{"className":32,"code":103900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103902,103903,103923],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103904,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103906,7494],{"class":45},[39,103908,50],{"class":49},[39,103910,3327],{"class":53},[39,103912,58],{"class":57},[39,103914,61],{"class":53},[39,103916,64],{"class":57},[39,103918,61],{"class":53},[39,103920,69],{"class":57},[39,103922,3340],{"class":53},[39,103924,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103926,7525],{"class":45},[39,103928,117],{"class":53},[39,103930,102622],{"class":120},[39,103932,124],{"class":53},[39,103934,85],{"class":57},[39,103936,130],{"class":53},[20,103938,103939,103940,1250],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103941,102555],{},[30,103943,103945],{"className":32,"code":103944,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103946,103947,103967,103981],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103948,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103950,7494],{"class":45},[39,103952,50],{"class":49},[39,103954,54],{"class":53},[39,103956,58],{"class":57},[39,103958,61],{"class":53},[39,103960,64],{"class":57},[39,103962,61],{"class":53},[39,103964,69],{"class":57},[39,103966,72],{"class":53},[39,103968,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,103970,7525],{"class":45},[39,103972,117],{"class":53},[39,103974,102622],{"class":120},[39,103976,124],{"class":53},[39,103978,85],{"class":57},[39,103980,130],{"class":53},[39,103982,103983,103985,103987,103989],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,103984,137],{"class":136},[39,103986,124],{"class":53},[39,103988,7525],{"class":120},[39,103990,130],{"class":53},[988,103992,103994],{"id":103993},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103996,103997],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103999,2544],{},[30,104001,104003],{"className":32,"code":104002,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104004,104005,104025],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104006,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104008,8883],{"class":45},[39,104010,50],{"class":49},[39,104012,54],{"class":53},[39,104014,58],{"class":57},[39,104016,61],{"class":53},[39,104018,64],{"class":57},[39,104020,61],{"class":53},[39,104022,69],{"class":57},[39,104024,72],{"class":53},[39,104026,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104028,8922],{"class":45},[39,104030,117],{"class":53},[39,104032,102622],{"class":120},[39,104034,917],{"class":53},[39,104036,85],{"class":57},[39,104038,3597],{"class":53},[20,104040,104041],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[160,104043,8589],{"id":8588},[20,104045,8592,104046,104048],{},[15,104047,102555],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[30,104050,104052],{"className":32,"code":104051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104053,104054,104064,104078,104092],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104055,104056,104058,104060,104062],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104057,137],{"class":136},[39,104059,124],{"class":53},[39,104061,1318],{"class":120},[39,104063,130],{"class":53},[39,104065,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104067,137],{"class":136},[39,104069,124],{"class":53},[39,104071,479],{"class":478},[39,104073,124],{"class":53},[39,104075,1318],{"class":120},[39,104077,486],{"class":53},[39,104079,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104081,137],{"class":136},[39,104083,124],{"class":53},[39,104085,2154],{"class":120},[39,104087,3591],{"class":3584},[39,104089,96643],{"class":120},[39,104091,130],{"class":53},[39,104093,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,104095,31861],{"class":136},[39,104097,124],{"class":53},[39,104099,384],{"class":478},[39,104101,117],{"class":53},[39,104103,102622],{"class":24457},[39,104105,130],{"class":53},[20,104107,10884],{},[176,104109,104110,104113,104116,104119],{},[179,104111,104112],{},"What is currently in the set",[179,104114,104115],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[179,104117,104118],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[179,104120,104121],{},"How Python documents the method",[160,104123,1563],{"id":1562},[988,104125,104127],{"id":104126},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104129,104130,104131,104133],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104132,102555],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[988,104135,4853,104137,12428],{"id":104136},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104138,102560],{},[20,104140,4859,104141,104143],{},[15,104142,3484],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[988,104145,4890,104147,4104,104149,2199],{"id":104146},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104148,102555],{},[15,104150,55248],{},[20,104152,104153,104154,26246,104156,104158,104159,104161],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104155,55248],{},[15,104157,19394],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104160,102555],{}," does not.",[988,104163,28037,104165,104167],{"id":104164},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104166,102555],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104169,46081,104170,104172],{},[15,104171,102555],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[160,104174,1613],{"id":1612},[176,104176,104177,104183,104189,104194,104198],{},[179,104178,104179],{},[195,104180,96533,104181,1627],{"href":97927},[15,104182,55248],{},[179,104184,104185],{},[195,104186,96533,104187,1627],{"href":97932},[15,104188,12475],{},[179,104190,104191],{},[195,104192,104193],{"href":97601},"Python set: creating a set",[179,104195,104196],{},[195,104197,100066],{"href":98509},[179,104199,104200],{},[195,104201,10976],{"href":10788},[1642,104203,104204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":104206},[104207,104208,104210,104213,104218,104219,104220,104221,104223,104232,104233,104242],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":102732,"depth":75,"text":104209},"What set.discard() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":104211},[104212],{"id":102805,"depth":99,"text":102806},{"id":102885,"depth":75,"text":104214,"children":104215},"What makes discard() different",[104216],{"id":102924,"depth":99,"text":104217},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103077,"depth":75,"text":103078},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":103448,"depth":75,"text":103449},{"id":103641,"depth":75,"text":104222},"When to use discard()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":104224},[104225,104227,104229,104231],{"id":103670,"depth":99,"text":104226},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103800,"depth":99,"text":104228},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103888,"depth":99,"text":104230},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103993,"depth":99,"text":103994},{"id":8588,"depth":75,"text":8589},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":104234},[104235,104236,104238,104240],{"id":104126,"depth":99,"text":104127},{"id":104136,"depth":99,"text":104237},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104146,"depth":99,"text":104239},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104164,"depth":99,"text":104241},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102547,"description":104243},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104250,"title":104251,"body":104252,"description":106257,"extension":1670,"meta":106258,"navigation":102,"path":106259,"seo":106260,"stem":106261,"__hash__":106262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104253,"toc":106215},[104254,104257,104265,104270,104281,104283,104338,104342,104362,104367,104371,104376,104378,104392,104394,104469,104471,104504,104509,104514,104516,104518,104533,104536,104544,104549,104564,104566,104655,104657,104746,104752,104756,104758,104796,104798,104822,104825,104840,104842,104897,104899,104932,104934,104939,104943,104947,104952,105017,105019,105039,105044,105048,105105,105107,105128,105132,105137,105182,105184,105217,105220,105224,105257,105259,105288,105292,105296,105299,105301,105320,105322,105368,105373,105387,105389,105420,105425,105428,105472,105474,105502,105506,105510,105526,105529,105594,105596,105608,105611,105615,105618,105623,105651,105653,105671,105677,105716,105718,105736,105742,105771,105773,105791,105794,105811,105813,105818,105822,105825,105851,105858,105863,105878,105887,105891,105894,105925,105931,105934,105943,105946,105948,105950,106008,106011,106036,106038,106042,106045,106049,106057,106061,106064,106068,106071,106073,106096,106098,106139,106146,106154,106157,106188,106190,106212],[10,104255,104251],{"id":104256},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104258,8840,104259,104261,104262,117],{},[15,104260,3503],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[382,104263,104264],{},"unique values only",[20,104266,35117,104267,104269],{},[15,104268,3503],{}," to:",[176,104271,104272,104275,104278],{},[179,104273,104274],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[179,104276,104277],{},"check whether a value exists",[179,104279,104280],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[160,104282,1711],{"id":1710},[30,104284,104286],{"className":32,"code":104285,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104287,104288,104312,104327],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104291,1379],{"class":45},[39,104293,50],{"class":49},[39,104295,3327],{"class":53},[39,104297,58],{"class":57},[39,104299,61],{"class":53},[39,104301,64],{"class":57},[39,104303,61],{"class":53},[39,104305,64],{"class":57},[39,104307,61],{"class":53},[39,104309,69],{"class":57},[39,104311,3340],{"class":53},[39,104313,104314,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104315,104316],{"class":45},"unique_numbers ",[39,104318,50],{"class":49},[39,104320,15343],{"class":478},[39,104322,124],{"class":53},[39,104324,1457],{"class":120},[39,104326,130],{"class":53},[39,104328,104329,104331,104333,104336],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104330,137],{"class":136},[39,104332,124],{"class":53},[39,104334,104335],{"class":120},"unique_numbers",[39,104337,130],{"class":53},[20,104339,104340],{},[382,104341,353],{},[30,104343,104344],{"className":32,"code":96326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104345,104346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104349,363],{"class":53},[39,104351,58],{"class":57},[39,104353,61],{"class":53},[39,104355,64],{"class":57},[39,104357,61],{"class":53},[39,104359,69],{"class":57},[39,104361,72],{"class":53},[20,104363,154,104364,104366],{},[15,104365,3503],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[160,104368,104370],{"id":104369},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104372,104373,104375],{},[15,104374,3503],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104377,30249],{},[176,104379,104380,104383,104386,104389],{},[179,104381,104382],{},"A set stores unique items only",[179,104384,104385],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[179,104387,104388],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[179,104390,104391],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104393,267],{},[30,104395,104397],{"className":32,"code":104396,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104398,104399,104439,104454,104458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104400,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419,104421,104423,104425,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104402,12786],{"class":45},[39,104404,50],{"class":49},[39,104406,3327],{"class":53},[39,104408,562],{"class":517},[39,104410,565],{"class":521},[39,104412,562],{"class":517},[39,104414,61],{"class":53},[39,104416,572],{"class":517},[39,104418,575],{"class":521},[39,104420,562],{"class":517},[39,104422,61],{"class":53},[39,104424,572],{"class":517},[39,104426,565],{"class":521},[39,104428,562],{"class":517},[39,104430,61],{"class":53},[39,104432,572],{"class":517},[39,104434,584],{"class":521},[39,104436,562],{"class":517},[39,104438,3340],{"class":53},[39,104440,104441,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104442,104443],{"class":45},"unique_colors ",[39,104445,50],{"class":49},[39,104447,15343],{"class":478},[39,104449,124],{"class":53},[39,104451,17209],{"class":120},[39,104453,130],{"class":53},[39,104455,104456],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104457,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,104459,104460,104462,104464,104467],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,104461,137],{"class":136},[39,104463,124],{"class":53},[39,104465,104466],{"class":120},"unique_colors",[39,104468,130],{"class":53},[20,104470,29739],{},[30,104472,104474],{"className":32,"code":104473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104475,104476],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104477,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104479,363],{"class":53},[39,104481,524],{"class":517},[39,104483,575],{"class":521},[39,104485,524],{"class":517},[39,104487,61],{"class":53},[39,104489,518],{"class":517},[39,104491,584],{"class":521},[39,104493,524],{"class":517},[39,104495,61],{"class":53},[39,104497,518],{"class":517},[39,104499,565],{"class":521},[39,104501,524],{"class":517},[39,104503,72],{"class":53},[20,104505,1992,104506,104508],{},[15,104507,65113],{}," appears only once.",[20,104510,104511,104512,117],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[195,104513,198],{"href":197},[160,104515,202],{"id":201},[20,104517,1866],{},[30,104519,104521],{"className":32,"code":104520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104522,104523],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104524,104525,104527,104529,104531],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104526,384],{"class":478},[39,104528,124],{"class":53},[39,104530,3426],{"class":120},[39,104532,130],{"class":53},[20,104534,104535],{},"The argument is optional.",[176,104537,104538,104541],{},[179,104539,104540],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[179,104542,104543],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104545,104546,104547,1250],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104548,3503],{},[176,104550,104551,104553,104555,104557,104561],{},[179,104552,7810],{},[179,104554,48670],{},[179,104556,60894],{},[179,104558,104559],{},[15,104560,35911],{},[179,104562,104563],{},"another set",[20,104565,1832],{},[30,104567,104569],{"className":32,"code":104568,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104570,104571,104597,104619,104637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104572,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104574,137],{"class":136},[39,104576,124],{"class":53},[39,104578,384],{"class":478},[39,104580,917],{"class":53},[39,104582,58],{"class":57},[39,104584,61],{"class":53},[39,104586,64],{"class":57},[39,104588,61],{"class":53},[39,104590,64],{"class":57},[39,104592,61],{"class":53},[39,104594,69],{"class":57},[39,104596,2705],{"class":53},[39,104598,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104600,137],{"class":136},[39,104602,124],{"class":53},[39,104604,384],{"class":478},[39,104606,5223],{"class":53},[39,104608,2037],{"class":57},[39,104610,61],{"class":53},[39,104612,7505],{"class":57},[39,104614,61],{"class":53},[39,104616,5718],{"class":57},[39,104618,2619],{"class":53},[39,104620,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104622,137],{"class":136},[39,104624,124],{"class":53},[39,104626,384],{"class":478},[39,104628,124],{"class":53},[39,104630,562],{"class":517},[39,104632,3552],{"class":521},[39,104634,562],{"class":517},[39,104636,486],{"class":53},[39,104638,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,104640,137],{"class":136},[39,104642,124],{"class":53},[39,104644,384],{"class":478},[39,104646,124],{"class":53},[39,104648,59718],{"class":136},[39,104650,124],{"class":53},[39,104652,2212],{"class":57},[39,104654,2619],{"class":53},[20,104656,29739],{},[30,104658,104660],{"className":32,"code":104659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104661,104662,104678,104690,104726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104663,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104665,363],{"class":53},[39,104667,58],{"class":57},[39,104669,61],{"class":53},[39,104671,64],{"class":57},[39,104673,61],{"class":53},[39,104675,69],{"class":57},[39,104677,72],{"class":53},[39,104679,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104681,363],{"class":53},[39,104683,2037],{"class":57},[39,104685,61],{"class":53},[39,104687,7505],{"class":57},[39,104689,72],{"class":53},[39,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104693,363],{"class":53},[39,104695,524],{"class":517},[39,104697,60158],{"class":521},[39,104699,524],{"class":517},[39,104701,61],{"class":53},[39,104703,518],{"class":517},[39,104705,60167],{"class":521},[39,104707,524],{"class":517},[39,104709,61],{"class":53},[39,104711,518],{"class":517},[39,104713,60176],{"class":521},[39,104715,524],{"class":517},[39,104717,61],{"class":53},[39,104719,518],{"class":517},[39,104721,60193],{"class":521},[39,104723,524],{"class":517},[39,104725,72],{"class":53},[39,104727,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,104729,363],{"class":53},[39,104731,1826],{"class":57},[39,104733,61],{"class":53},[39,104735,5210],{"class":57},[39,104737,61],{"class":53},[39,104739,64],{"class":57},[39,104741,61],{"class":53},[39,104743,69],{"class":57},[39,104745,72],{"class":53},[20,104747,104748,104749,117],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[195,104750,104751],{"href":64568},"Python list() function explained",[160,104753,104755],{"id":104754},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104757,97998],{},[30,104759,104760],{"className":32,"code":98963,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104761,104762,104772,104782],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104763,104764,104766,104768,104770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104765,98008],{"class":45},[39,104767,50],{"class":49},[39,104769,15343],{"class":478},[39,104771,1609],{"class":53},[39,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104775,137],{"class":136},[39,104777,124],{"class":53},[39,104779,98027],{"class":120},[39,104781,130],{"class":53},[39,104783,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104785,137],{"class":136},[39,104787,124],{"class":53},[39,104789,479],{"class":478},[39,104791,124],{"class":53},[39,104793,98027],{"class":120},[39,104795,486],{"class":53},[20,104797,353],{},[30,104799,104800],{"className":32,"code":99006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104801,104802,104808],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104803,104804,104806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104805,384],{"class":478},[39,104807,1609],{"class":53},[39,104809,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104811,510],{"class":49},[39,104813,514],{"class":513},[39,104815,518],{"class":517},[39,104817,384],{"class":521},[39,104819,524],{"class":517},[39,104821,527],{"class":49},[20,104823,104824],{},"This is important because:",[176,104826,104827,104832],{},[179,104828,104829,104831],{},[15,104830,3503],{}," creates an empty set",[179,104833,104834,104836,104837,104839],{},[15,104835,3498],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[382,104838,4340],{}," a set",[20,104841,267],{},[30,104843,104845],{"className":32,"code":104844,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104846,104847,104857,104865,104869,104883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104848,104849,104851,104853,104855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104850,46],{"class":45},[39,104852,50],{"class":49},[39,104854,15343],{"class":478},[39,104856,1609],{"class":53},[39,104858,104859,104861,104863],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104860,78],{"class":45},[39,104862,50],{"class":49},[39,104864,9553],{"class":53},[39,104866,104867],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,104868,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,104870,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,104872,137],{"class":136},[39,104874,124],{"class":53},[39,104876,479],{"class":478},[39,104878,124],{"class":53},[39,104880,195],{"class":120},[39,104882,486],{"class":53},[39,104884,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,104886,137],{"class":136},[39,104888,124],{"class":53},[39,104890,479],{"class":478},[39,104892,124],{"class":53},[39,104894,127],{"class":120},[39,104896,486],{"class":53},[20,104898,353],{},[30,104900,104902],{"className":32,"code":104901,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104903,104904,104918],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104905,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104907,510],{"class":49},[39,104909,514],{"class":513},[39,104911,518],{"class":517},[39,104913,384],{"class":521},[39,104915,524],{"class":517},[39,104917,527],{"class":49},[39,104919,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104921,510],{"class":49},[39,104923,514],{"class":513},[39,104925,518],{"class":517},[39,104927,8538],{"class":521},[39,104929,524],{"class":517},[39,104931,527],{"class":49},[20,104933,13758],{},[20,104935,104936,104937,117],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[195,104938,104193],{"href":96050},[160,104940,104942],{"id":104941},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[988,104944,104946],{"id":104945},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104948,104949,104950,117],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104951,3503],{},[30,104953,104955],{"className":32,"code":104954,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104956,104957,104989,105003,105007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104958,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104960,1379],{"class":45},[39,104962,50],{"class":49},[39,104964,3327],{"class":53},[39,104966,58],{"class":57},[39,104968,61],{"class":53},[39,104970,64],{"class":57},[39,104972,61],{"class":53},[39,104974,64],{"class":57},[39,104976,61],{"class":53},[39,104978,69],{"class":57},[39,104980,61],{"class":53},[39,104982,69],{"class":57},[39,104984,61],{"class":53},[39,104986,69],{"class":57},[39,104988,3340],{"class":53},[39,104990,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,104992,109],{"class":45},[39,104994,50],{"class":49},[39,104996,15343],{"class":478},[39,104998,124],{"class":53},[39,105000,1457],{"class":120},[39,105002,130],{"class":53},[39,105004,105005],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,105006,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,105008,105009,105011,105013,105015],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,105010,137],{"class":136},[39,105012,124],{"class":53},[39,105014,142],{"class":120},[39,105016,130],{"class":53},[20,105018,353],{},[30,105020,105021],{"className":32,"code":96326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105022,105023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105024,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105026,363],{"class":53},[39,105028,58],{"class":57},[39,105030,61],{"class":53},[39,105032,64],{"class":57},[39,105034,61],{"class":53},[39,105036,69],{"class":57},[39,105038,72],{"class":53},[20,105040,105041,105042,117],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[195,105043,98796],{"href":1639},[988,105045,105047],{"id":105046},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[30,105049,105051],{"className":32,"code":105050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105052,105053,105077,105091,105095],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105054,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105056,3529],{"class":45},[39,105058,50],{"class":49},[39,105060,933],{"class":53},[39,105062,1843],{"class":57},[39,105064,61],{"class":53},[39,105066,316],{"class":57},[39,105068,61],{"class":53},[39,105070,5718],{"class":57},[39,105072,61],{"class":53},[39,105074,37649],{"class":57},[39,105076,130],{"class":53},[39,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105080,109],{"class":45},[39,105082,50],{"class":49},[39,105084,15343],{"class":478},[39,105086,124],{"class":53},[39,105088,5070],{"class":120},[39,105090,130],{"class":53},[39,105092,105093],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,105094,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,105096,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,105098,137],{"class":136},[39,105100,124],{"class":53},[39,105102,142],{"class":120},[39,105104,130],{"class":53},[20,105106,353],{},[30,105108,105110],{"className":32,"code":105109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105111,105112],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105113,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105115,363],{"class":53},[39,105117,1843],{"class":57},[39,105119,61],{"class":53},[39,105121,5718],{"class":57},[39,105123,61],{"class":53},[39,105125,37649],{"class":57},[39,105127,72],{"class":53},[988,105129,105131],{"id":105130},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105133,50845,105134,105136],{},[15,105135,3503],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[30,105138,105140],{"className":32,"code":105139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105141,105142,105154,105168,105172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105145,34398],{"class":45},[39,105147,50],{"class":49},[39,105149,572],{"class":517},[39,105151,3798],{"class":521},[39,105153,3062],{"class":517},[39,105155,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105157,109],{"class":45},[39,105159,50],{"class":49},[39,105161,15343],{"class":478},[39,105163,124],{"class":53},[39,105165,34419],{"class":120},[39,105167,130],{"class":53},[39,105169,105170],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,105171,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,105173,105174,105176,105178,105180],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,105175,137],{"class":136},[39,105177,124],{"class":53},[39,105179,142],{"class":120},[39,105181,130],{"class":53},[20,105183,29739],{},[30,105185,105187],{"className":32,"code":105186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105188,105189],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105190,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105192,363],{"class":53},[39,105194,524],{"class":517},[39,105196,127],{"class":521},[39,105198,524],{"class":517},[39,105200,61],{"class":53},[39,105202,518],{"class":517},[39,105204,195],{"class":521},[39,105206,524],{"class":517},[39,105208,61],{"class":53},[39,105210,518],{"class":517},[39,105212,75751],{"class":521},[39,105214,524],{"class":517},[39,105216,72],{"class":53},[20,105218,105219],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[988,105221,105223],{"id":105222},"from-range","From range()",[30,105225,105227],{"className":32,"code":105226,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105228,105229,105247],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105232,109],{"class":45},[39,105234,50],{"class":49},[39,105236,15343],{"class":478},[39,105238,124],{"class":53},[39,105240,59718],{"class":136},[39,105242,124],{"class":53},[39,105244,1843],{"class":57},[39,105246,486],{"class":53},[39,105248,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105250,137],{"class":136},[39,105252,124],{"class":53},[39,105254,142],{"class":120},[39,105256,130],{"class":53},[20,105258,353],{},[30,105260,105262],{"className":32,"code":105261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105263,105264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105265,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105267,363],{"class":53},[39,105269,1826],{"class":57},[39,105271,61],{"class":53},[39,105273,5210],{"class":57},[39,105275,61],{"class":53},[39,105277,64],{"class":57},[39,105279,61],{"class":53},[39,105281,69],{"class":57},[39,105283,61],{"class":53},[39,105285,94],{"class":57},[39,105287,72],{"class":53},[160,105289,105291],{"id":105290},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105293,99243,105294,117],{},[382,105295,96090],{},[20,105297,105298],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105300,99249],{},[176,105302,105303,105307,105311,105315],{},[179,105304,105305],{},[15,105306,1895],{},[179,105308,105309],{},[15,105310,3147],{},[179,105312,105313],{},[15,105314,1899],{},[179,105316,105317,105319],{},[15,105318,48670],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105321,267],{},[30,105323,105325],{"className":32,"code":105324,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105326,105327,105358],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105330,7494],{"class":45},[39,105332,50],{"class":49},[39,105334,54],{"class":53},[39,105336,58],{"class":57},[39,105338,61],{"class":53},[39,105340,572],{"class":517},[39,105342,3552],{"class":521},[39,105344,562],{"class":517},[39,105346,61],{"class":53},[39,105348,933],{"class":53},[39,105350,2037],{"class":57},[39,105352,61],{"class":53},[39,105354,7505],{"class":57},[39,105356,105357],{"class":53},")}\n",[39,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105361,137],{"class":136},[39,105363,124],{"class":53},[39,105365,7525],{"class":120},[39,105367,130],{"class":53},[20,105369,99311,105370,105372],{},[382,105371,4340],{}," work inside a set:",[176,105374,105375,105379,105383],{},[179,105376,105377],{},[15,105378,7810],{},[179,105380,105381],{},[15,105382,8538],{},[179,105384,105385],{},[15,105386,384],{},[20,105388,96815],{},[30,105390,105392],{"className":32,"code":105391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105393,105394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105395,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105397,99330],{"class":45},[39,105399,50],{"class":49},[39,105401,99335],{"class":53},[39,105403,58],{"class":57},[39,105405,61],{"class":53},[39,105407,64],{"class":57},[39,105409,930],{"class":53},[39,105411,3327],{"class":53},[39,105413,307],{"class":57},[39,105415,61],{"class":53},[39,105417,94],{"class":57},[39,105419,13415],{"class":53},[20,105421,76579,105422,105424],{},[15,105423,2711],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105426,105427],{},"A safer example:",[30,105429,105431],{"className":32,"code":105430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105432,105433,105461],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105434,105435,105438,105440,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105436,105437],{"class":45},"good_set ",[39,105439,50],{"class":49},[39,105441,105442],{"class":53}," {(",[39,105444,58],{"class":57},[39,105446,61],{"class":53},[39,105448,64],{"class":57},[39,105450,8951],{"class":53},[39,105452,933],{"class":53},[39,105454,307],{"class":57},[39,105456,61],{"class":53},[39,105458,94],{"class":57},[39,105460,105357],{"class":53},[39,105462,105463,105465,105467,105470],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105464,137],{"class":136},[39,105466,124],{"class":53},[39,105468,105469],{"class":120},"good_set",[39,105471,130],{"class":53},[20,105473,353],{},[30,105475,105477],{"className":32,"code":105476,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105478,105479],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105480,105481,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105482,105483],{"class":53},"{(",[39,105485,58],{"class":57},[39,105487,61],{"class":53},[39,105489,64],{"class":57},[39,105491,8951],{"class":53},[39,105493,933],{"class":53},[39,105495,307],{"class":57},[39,105497,61],{"class":53},[39,105499,94],{"class":57},[39,105501,105357],{"class":53},[160,105503,105505],{"id":105504},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105507,154,105508,10315],{},[15,105509,3503],{},[176,105511,105512,105515,105520,105523],{},[179,105513,105514],{},"you need unique values only",[179,105516,105517,105518],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105519,3591],{},[179,105521,105522],{},"order does not matter",[179,105524,105525],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105527,105528],{},"Example of membership checking:",[30,105530,105532],{"className":32,"code":105531,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105533,105534,105559,105563,105579],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105535,105536,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105552,105554,105557],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105537,105538],{"class":45},"allowed_ids ",[39,105540,50],{"class":49},[39,105542,15343],{"class":478},[39,105544,917],{"class":53},[39,105546,46308],{"class":57},[39,105548,61],{"class":53},[39,105550,105551],{"class":57}," 102",[39,105553,61],{"class":53},[39,105555,105556],{"class":57}," 103",[39,105558,3597],{"class":53},[39,105560,105561],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105562,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,105564,105565,105567,105569,105572,105574,105577],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,105566,137],{"class":136},[39,105568,124],{"class":53},[39,105570,105571],{"class":57},"102",[39,105573,20881],{"class":3584},[39,105575,105576],{"class":120}," allowed_ids",[39,105578,130],{"class":53},[39,105580,105581,105583,105585,105588,105590,105592],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,105582,137],{"class":136},[39,105584,124],{"class":53},[39,105586,105587],{"class":57},"999",[39,105589,20881],{"class":3584},[39,105591,105576],{"class":120},[39,105593,130],{"class":53},[20,105595,353],{},[30,105597,105598],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105599,105600,105604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105601,105602],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105603,3689],{"class":3559},[39,105605,105606],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105607,3750],{"class":3559},[20,105609,105610],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[160,105612,105614],{"id":105613},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105616,105617],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[988,105619,154,105621,97940],{"id":105620},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105622,3503],{},[30,105624,105625],{"className":32,"code":98001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105626,105627,105637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105628,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105630,98008],{"class":45},[39,105632,50],{"class":49},[39,105634,15343],{"class":478},[39,105636,1609],{"class":53},[39,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105640,137],{"class":136},[39,105642,124],{"class":53},[39,105644,479],{"class":478},[39,105646,124],{"class":53},[39,105648,98027],{"class":120},[39,105650,486],{"class":53},[20,105652,353],{},[30,105654,105655],{"className":32,"code":8569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105656,105657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105660,510],{"class":49},[39,105662,514],{"class":513},[39,105664,518],{"class":517},[39,105666,384],{"class":521},[39,105668,524],{"class":517},[39,105670,527],{"class":49},[988,105672,154,105674,105676],{"id":105673},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105675,100000],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[30,105678,105680],{"className":32,"code":105679,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105681,105682,105702],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105683,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105685,1379],{"class":45},[39,105687,50],{"class":49},[39,105689,54],{"class":53},[39,105691,58],{"class":57},[39,105693,61],{"class":53},[39,105695,64],{"class":57},[39,105697,61],{"class":53},[39,105699,69],{"class":57},[39,105701,72],{"class":53},[39,105703,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105705,137],{"class":136},[39,105707,124],{"class":53},[39,105709,479],{"class":478},[39,105711,124],{"class":53},[39,105713,1457],{"class":120},[39,105715,486],{"class":53},[20,105717,353],{},[30,105719,105720],{"className":32,"code":8569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105721,105722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105723,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105725,510],{"class":49},[39,105727,514],{"class":513},[39,105729,518],{"class":517},[39,105731,384],{"class":521},[39,105733,524],{"class":517},[39,105735,527],{"class":49},[988,105737,154,105739,105741],{"id":105738},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105740,3498],{}," for an empty dictionary",[30,105743,105745],{"className":32,"code":105744,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105746,105747,105756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105748,105749,105752,105754],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105750,105751],{"class":45},"empty_dict ",[39,105753,50],{"class":49},[39,105755,9553],{"class":53},[39,105757,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105769],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105759,137],{"class":136},[39,105761,124],{"class":53},[39,105763,479],{"class":478},[39,105765,124],{"class":53},[39,105767,105768],{"class":120},"empty_dict",[39,105770,486],{"class":53},[20,105772,353],{},[30,105774,105775],{"className":32,"code":8525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105776,105777],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105778,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105780,510],{"class":49},[39,105782,514],{"class":513},[39,105784,518],{"class":517},[39,105786,8538],{"class":521},[39,105788,524],{"class":517},[39,105790,527],{"class":49},[20,105792,105793],{},"So the rule is simple:",[176,105795,105796,105801,105806],{},[179,105797,105798,105800],{},[15,105799,3503],{}," → empty set",[179,105802,105803,105805],{},[15,105804,100000],{}," → non-empty set",[179,105807,105808,105810],{},[15,105809,3498],{}," → empty dictionary",[160,105812,2537],{"id":2536},[20,105814,105815,105816,117],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105817,3503],{},[988,105819,718,105820,99598],{"id":99595},[15,105821,3498],{},[20,105823,105824],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[30,105826,105827],{"className":32,"code":99604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105828,105829,105837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105830,105831,105833,105835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105832,2154],{"class":45},[39,105834,50],{"class":49},[39,105836,9553],{"class":53},[39,105838,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105849],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105840,137],{"class":136},[39,105842,124],{"class":53},[39,105844,479],{"class":478},[39,105846,124],{"class":53},[39,105848,2179],{"class":120},[39,105850,486],{"class":53},[988,105852,105854,105855],{"id":105853},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105856,105857],{},"set(5)",[20,105859,105860,105862],{},[15,105861,3503],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[30,105864,105866],{"className":32,"code":105865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set(5)\n",[15,105867,105868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105869,105870,105872,105874,105876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105871,384],{"class":478},[39,105873,124],{"class":53},[39,105875,1843],{"class":57},[39,105877,130],{"class":53},[20,105879,2708,105880,105882,105883,117],{},[15,105881,2711],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[195,105884,105886],{"href":105885},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[988,105888,105890],{"id":105889},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105892,105893],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,105895,105897],{"className":32,"code":105896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105898,105899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105900,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105902,2154],{"class":45},[39,105904,50],{"class":49},[39,105906,99335],{"class":53},[39,105908,58],{"class":57},[39,105910,61],{"class":53},[39,105912,64],{"class":57},[39,105914,930],{"class":53},[39,105916,3327],{"class":53},[39,105918,307],{"class":57},[39,105920,61],{"class":53},[39,105922,94],{"class":57},[39,105924,13415],{"class":53},[988,105926,8170,105928,105930],{"id":105927},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105929,3503],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105932,105933],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[988,105935,1282,105937,1285,105939,1292,105941],{"id":105936},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105938,3503],{},[15,105940,24488],{},[15,105942,8837],{},[20,105944,105945],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[160,105947,60430],{"id":60429},[20,105949,10827],{},[30,105951,105953],{"className":32,"code":105952,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105954,105955,105970,105980,105994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105958,137],{"class":136},[39,105960,124],{"class":53},[39,105962,479],{"class":478},[39,105964,124],{"class":53},[39,105966,105967],{"class":120},"my_value",[39,105969,486],{"class":53},[39,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,105973,137],{"class":136},[39,105975,124],{"class":53},[39,105977,105967],{"class":120},[39,105979,130],{"class":53},[39,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,105983,137],{"class":136},[39,105985,124],{"class":53},[39,105987,7810],{"class":478},[39,105989,124],{"class":53},[39,105991,1318],{"class":120},[39,105993,486],{"class":53},[39,105995,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,105997,137],{"class":136},[39,105999,124],{"class":53},[39,106001,1361],{"class":136},[39,106003,124],{"class":53},[39,106005,1318],{"class":120},[39,106007,486],{"class":53},[20,106009,106010],{},"What they help you see:",[176,106012,106013,106019,106024,106030],{},[179,106014,106015,106018],{},[15,106016,106017],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[179,106020,106021,90268],{},[15,106022,106023],{},"print(my_value)",[179,106025,106026,106029],{},[15,106027,106028],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[179,106031,106032,106035],{},[15,106033,106034],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[160,106037,1563],{"id":1562},[988,106039,106041],{"id":106040},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106043,106044],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[988,106046,106048],{"id":106047},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106050,154,106051,106053,106054,106056],{},[15,106052,3503],{},". Do not use ",[15,106055,3498],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[988,106058,106060],{"id":106059},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106062,106063],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[988,106065,106067],{"id":106066},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106069,106070],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106072,267],{},[30,106074,106076],{"className":32,"code":106075,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106077,106078],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106081,137],{"class":136},[39,106083,124],{"class":53},[39,106085,384],{"class":478},[39,106087,124],{"class":53},[39,106089,562],{"class":517},[39,106091,3789],{"class":521},[39,106093,562],{"class":517},[39,106095,486],{"class":53},[20,106097,29739],{},[30,106099,106101],{"className":32,"code":106100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106102,106103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106104,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106106,363],{"class":53},[39,106108,524],{"class":517},[39,106110,195],{"class":521},[39,106112,524],{"class":517},[39,106114,61],{"class":53},[39,106116,518],{"class":517},[39,106118,20],{"class":521},[39,106120,524],{"class":517},[39,106122,61],{"class":53},[39,106124,518],{"class":517},[39,106126,60176],{"class":521},[39,106128,524],{"class":517},[39,106130,61],{"class":53},[39,106132,518],{"class":517},[39,106134,60167],{"class":521},[39,106136,524],{"class":517},[39,106138,72],{"class":53},[988,106140,4869,106142,106145],{"id":106141},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106143,106144],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106147,106148,28394,106150,106153],{},[15,106149,3503],{},[382,106151,106152],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106155,106156],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[30,106158,106160],{"className":32,"code":106159,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106161,106162],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106163,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106165,137],{"class":136},[39,106167,124],{"class":53},[39,106169,384],{"class":478},[39,106171,917],{"class":53},[39,106173,58],{"class":57},[39,106175,61],{"class":53},[39,106177,64],{"class":57},[39,106179,61],{"class":53},[39,106181,69],{"class":57},[39,106183,61],{"class":53},[39,106185,94],{"class":57},[39,106187,2705],{"class":53},[160,106189,1613],{"id":1612},[176,106191,106192,106196,106200,106204,106208],{},[179,106193,106194],{},[195,106195,198],{"href":197},[179,106197,106198],{},[195,106199,104193],{"href":96050},[179,106201,106202],{},[195,106203,1640],{"href":1639},[179,106205,106206],{},[195,106207,104751],{"href":64568},[179,106209,106210],{},[195,106211,105886],{"href":105885},[1642,106213,106214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":106216},[106217,106218,106219,106220,106221,106227,106228,106229,106237,106247,106248,106256],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":104369,"depth":75,"text":104370},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":104754,"depth":75,"text":104755},{"id":104941,"depth":75,"text":104942,"children":106222},[106223,106224,106225,106226],{"id":104945,"depth":99,"text":104946},{"id":105046,"depth":99,"text":105047},{"id":105130,"depth":99,"text":105131},{"id":105222,"depth":99,"text":105223},{"id":105290,"depth":75,"text":105291},{"id":105504,"depth":75,"text":105505},{"id":105613,"depth":75,"text":105614,"children":106230},[106231,106233,106235],{"id":105620,"depth":99,"text":106232},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105673,"depth":99,"text":106234},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105738,"depth":99,"text":106236},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":106238},[106239,106240,106242,106243,106245],{"id":99595,"depth":99,"text":100102},{"id":105853,"depth":99,"text":106241},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105889,"depth":99,"text":105890},{"id":105927,"depth":99,"text":106244},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105936,"depth":99,"text":106246},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60429,"depth":75,"text":60430},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":106249},[106250,106251,106252,106253,106254],{"id":106040,"depth":99,"text":106041},{"id":106047,"depth":99,"text":106048},{"id":106059,"depth":99,"text":106060},{"id":106066,"depth":99,"text":106067},{"id":106141,"depth":99,"text":106255},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104251,"description":106257},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":106264,"description":1669,"extension":1670,"meta":107689,"navigation":102,"path":1672,"seo":107690,"stem":1674,"__hash__":1675},{"type":7,"value":106265,"toc":107670},[106266,106270,106274,106276,106356,106360,106364,106368,106370,106380,106384,106386,106404,106406,106428,106430,106438,106440,106520,106522,106538,106540,106546,106548,106642,106644,106674,106676,106682,106684,106686,106790,106792,106816,106818,106836,106840,106844,106848,106956,106958,106974,106976,106978,107060,107062,107078,107084,107086,107090,107096,107186,107188,107220,107224,107230,107306,107308,107324,107328,107330,107334,107346,107348,107370,107372,107432,107434,107556,107558,107608,107612,107614,107618,107620,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634,107644,107646,107668],[10,106267,13,106268,18],{"id":12},[15,106269,17],{},[20,106271,22,106272,25],{},[15,106273,17],{},[20,106275,28],{},[30,106277,106278],{"className":32,"code":33,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106279,106280,106300,106320,106324,106342,106352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106281,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106283,46],{"class":45},[39,106285,50],{"class":49},[39,106287,54],{"class":53},[39,106289,58],{"class":57},[39,106291,61],{"class":53},[39,106293,64],{"class":57},[39,106295,61],{"class":53},[39,106297,69],{"class":57},[39,106299,72],{"class":53},[39,106301,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106303,78],{"class":45},[39,106305,50],{"class":49},[39,106307,54],{"class":53},[39,106309,85],{"class":57},[39,106311,61],{"class":53},[39,106313,69],{"class":57},[39,106315,61],{"class":53},[39,106317,94],{"class":57},[39,106319,72],{"class":53},[39,106321,106322],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,106323,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106325,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,106327,109],{"class":45},[39,106329,50],{"class":49},[39,106331,114],{"class":45},[39,106333,117],{"class":53},[39,106335,121],{"class":120},[39,106337,124],{"class":53},[39,106339,127],{"class":120},[39,106341,130],{"class":53},[39,106343,106344,106346,106348,106350],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,106345,137],{"class":136},[39,106347,124],{"class":53},[39,106349,142],{"class":120},[39,106351,130],{"class":53},[39,106353,106354],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,106355,151],{"class":150},[20,106357,154,106358,158],{},[15,106359,157],{},[160,106361,163,106362,166],{"id":162},[15,106363,157],{},[20,106365,106366,171],{},[15,106367,157],{},[20,106369,174],{},[176,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378],{},[179,106373,181],{},[179,106375,184],{},[179,106377,187],{},[179,106379,190],{},[20,106381,193,106382,117],{},[195,106383,198],{"href":197},[160,106385,202],{"id":201},[30,106387,106388],{"className":32,"code":205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106389,106390],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106391,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106393,212],{"class":45},[39,106395,117],{"class":53},[39,106397,121],{"class":120},[39,106399,124],{"class":53},[39,106401,221],{"class":120},[39,106403,130],{"class":53},[20,106405,226],{},[30,106407,106408],{"className":32,"code":229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106409,106410],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106411,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106413,212],{"class":45},[39,106415,117],{"class":53},[39,106417,121],{"class":120},[39,106419,124],{"class":53},[39,106421,221],{"class":120},[39,106423,61],{"class":53},[39,106425,248],{"class":120},[39,106427,130],{"class":53},[20,106429,253],{},[176,106431,106432,106434,106436],{},[179,106433,258],{},[179,106435,261],{},[179,106437,264],{},[20,106439,267],{},[30,106441,106442],{"className":32,"code":270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106443,106444,106468,106488,106492,106510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106445,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106447,46],{"class":45},[39,106449,50],{"class":49},[39,106451,54],{"class":53},[39,106453,58],{"class":57},[39,106455,61],{"class":53},[39,106457,64],{"class":57},[39,106459,61],{"class":53},[39,106461,69],{"class":57},[39,106463,61],{"class":53},[39,106465,94],{"class":57},[39,106467,72],{"class":53},[39,106469,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106471,78],{"class":45},[39,106473,50],{"class":49},[39,106475,54],{"class":53},[39,106477,307],{"class":57},[39,106479,61],{"class":53},[39,106481,94],{"class":57},[39,106483,61],{"class":53},[39,106485,316],{"class":57},[39,106487,72],{"class":53},[39,106489,106490],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,106491,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106493,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,106495,109],{"class":45},[39,106497,50],{"class":49},[39,106499,114],{"class":45},[39,106501,117],{"class":53},[39,106503,121],{"class":120},[39,106505,124],{"class":53},[39,106507,127],{"class":120},[39,106509,130],{"class":53},[39,106511,106512,106514,106516,106518],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,106513,137],{"class":136},[39,106515,124],{"class":53},[39,106517,142],{"class":120},[39,106519,130],{"class":53},[20,106521,353],{},[30,106523,106524],{"className":32,"code":356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106525,106526],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106527,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106529,363],{"class":53},[39,106531,307],{"class":57},[39,106533,61],{"class":53},[39,106535,94],{"class":57},[39,106537,72],{"class":53},[160,106539,375],{"id":374},[20,106541,106542,380,106544,117],{},[15,106543,157],{},[382,106545,384],{},[20,106547,387],{},[30,106549,106550],{"className":32,"code":390,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106551,106552,106572,106592,106596,106614,106618,106628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106553,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106555,46],{"class":45},[39,106557,50],{"class":49},[39,106559,54],{"class":53},[39,106561,58],{"class":57},[39,106563,61],{"class":53},[39,106565,64],{"class":57},[39,106567,61],{"class":53},[39,106569,69],{"class":57},[39,106571,72],{"class":53},[39,106573,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106575,78],{"class":45},[39,106577,50],{"class":49},[39,106579,54],{"class":53},[39,106581,85],{"class":57},[39,106583,61],{"class":53},[39,106585,69],{"class":57},[39,106587,61],{"class":53},[39,106589,94],{"class":57},[39,106591,72],{"class":53},[39,106593,106594],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,106595,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106597,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,106599,109],{"class":45},[39,106601,50],{"class":49},[39,106603,114],{"class":45},[39,106605,117],{"class":53},[39,106607,121],{"class":120},[39,106609,124],{"class":53},[39,106611,127],{"class":120},[39,106613,130],{"class":53},[39,106615,106616],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,106617,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106619,106620,106622,106624,106626],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,106621,137],{"class":136},[39,106623,124],{"class":53},[39,106625,142],{"class":120},[39,106627,130],{"class":53},[39,106629,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,106631,137],{"class":136},[39,106633,124],{"class":53},[39,106635,479],{"class":478},[39,106637,124],{"class":53},[39,106639,142],{"class":120},[39,106641,486],{"class":53},[20,106643,353],{},[30,106645,106646],{"className":32,"code":491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106647,106648,106660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106651,363],{"class":53},[39,106653,85],{"class":57},[39,106655,61],{"class":53},[39,106657,69],{"class":57},[39,106659,72],{"class":53},[39,106661,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106663,510],{"class":49},[39,106665,514],{"class":513},[39,106667,518],{"class":517},[39,106669,384],{"class":521},[39,106671,524],{"class":517},[39,106673,527],{"class":49},[20,106675,530],{},[176,106677,106678,106680],{},[179,106679,535],{},[179,106681,538],{},[160,106683,542],{"id":541},[20,106685,545],{},[30,106687,106688],{"className":32,"code":548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106689,106690,106722,106754,106758,106776,106780],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106691,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106693,555],{"class":45},[39,106695,50],{"class":49},[39,106697,54],{"class":53},[39,106699,562],{"class":517},[39,106701,565],{"class":521},[39,106703,562],{"class":517},[39,106705,61],{"class":53},[39,106707,572],{"class":517},[39,106709,575],{"class":521},[39,106711,562],{"class":517},[39,106713,61],{"class":53},[39,106715,572],{"class":517},[39,106717,584],{"class":521},[39,106719,562],{"class":517},[39,106721,72],{"class":53},[39,106723,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106725,593],{"class":45},[39,106727,50],{"class":49},[39,106729,54],{"class":53},[39,106731,562],{"class":517},[39,106733,584],{"class":521},[39,106735,562],{"class":517},[39,106737,61],{"class":53},[39,106739,572],{"class":517},[39,106741,610],{"class":521},[39,106743,562],{"class":517},[39,106745,61],{"class":53},[39,106747,572],{"class":517},[39,106749,575],{"class":521},[39,106751,562],{"class":517},[39,106753,72],{"class":53},[39,106755,106756],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,106757,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106759,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,106761,631],{"class":45},[39,106763,50],{"class":49},[39,106765,636],{"class":45},[39,106767,117],{"class":53},[39,106769,121],{"class":120},[39,106771,124],{"class":53},[39,106773,645],{"class":120},[39,106775,130],{"class":53},[39,106777,106778],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,106779,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106781,106782,106784,106786,106788],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,106783,137],{"class":136},[39,106785,124],{"class":53},[39,106787,660],{"class":120},[39,106789,130],{"class":53},[20,106791,353],{},[30,106793,106794],{"className":32,"code":667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106795,106796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106797,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106799,363],{"class":53},[39,106801,524],{"class":517},[39,106803,575],{"class":521},[39,106805,524],{"class":517},[39,106807,61],{"class":53},[39,106809,518],{"class":517},[39,106811,584],{"class":521},[39,106813,524],{"class":517},[39,106815,72],{"class":53},[20,106817,692],{},[176,106819,106820,106824,106828,106832],{},[179,106821,106822,700],{},[15,106823,699],{},[179,106825,106826,700],{},[15,106827,645],{},[179,106829,106830,709],{},[15,106831,157],{},[179,106833,712,106834],{},[15,106835,660],{},[160,106837,718,106838,721],{"id":717},[15,106839,157],{},[20,106841,724,106842,117],{},[15,106843,157],{},[20,106845,729,106846,733],{},[382,106847,732],{},[30,106849,106850],{"className":32,"code":736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106851,106852,106876,106900,106920,106924,106946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106853,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106855,46],{"class":45},[39,106857,50],{"class":49},[39,106859,54],{"class":53},[39,106861,58],{"class":57},[39,106863,61],{"class":53},[39,106865,64],{"class":57},[39,106867,61],{"class":53},[39,106869,69],{"class":57},[39,106871,61],{"class":53},[39,106873,94],{"class":57},[39,106875,72],{"class":53},[39,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,106879,78],{"class":45},[39,106881,50],{"class":49},[39,106883,54],{"class":53},[39,106885,85],{"class":57},[39,106887,61],{"class":53},[39,106889,69],{"class":57},[39,106891,61],{"class":53},[39,106893,94],{"class":57},[39,106895,61],{"class":53},[39,106897,316],{"class":57},[39,106899,72],{"class":53},[39,106901,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,106903,791],{"class":45},[39,106905,50],{"class":49},[39,106907,54],{"class":53},[39,106909,307],{"class":57},[39,106911,61],{"class":53},[39,106913,94],{"class":57},[39,106915,61],{"class":53},[39,106917,806],{"class":57},[39,106919,72],{"class":53},[39,106921,106922],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,106923,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,106925,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,106927,109],{"class":45},[39,106929,50],{"class":49},[39,106931,114],{"class":45},[39,106933,117],{"class":53},[39,106935,121],{"class":120},[39,106937,124],{"class":53},[39,106939,127],{"class":120},[39,106941,61],{"class":53},[39,106943,833],{"class":120},[39,106945,130],{"class":53},[39,106947,106948,106950,106952,106954],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,106949,137],{"class":136},[39,106951,124],{"class":53},[39,106953,142],{"class":120},[39,106955,130],{"class":53},[20,106957,353],{},[30,106959,106960],{"className":32,"code":356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106961,106962],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106963,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106965,363],{"class":53},[39,106967,307],{"class":57},[39,106969,61],{"class":53},[39,106971,94],{"class":57},[39,106973,72],{"class":53},[20,106975,866],{},[20,106977,869],{},[30,106979,106980],{"className":32,"code":872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106981,106982,107006,107010,107050],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106983,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106985,46],{"class":45},[39,106987,50],{"class":49},[39,106989,54],{"class":53},[39,106991,58],{"class":57},[39,106993,61],{"class":53},[39,106995,64],{"class":57},[39,106997,61],{"class":53},[39,106999,69],{"class":57},[39,107001,61],{"class":53},[39,107003,94],{"class":57},[39,107005,72],{"class":53},[39,107007,107008],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107009,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107011,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107013,109],{"class":45},[39,107015,50],{"class":49},[39,107017,114],{"class":45},[39,107019,117],{"class":53},[39,107021,121],{"class":120},[39,107023,917],{"class":53},[39,107025,85],{"class":57},[39,107027,61],{"class":53},[39,107029,94],{"class":57},[39,107031,61],{"class":53},[39,107033,806],{"class":57},[39,107035,930],{"class":53},[39,107037,933],{"class":53},[39,107039,58],{"class":57},[39,107041,61],{"class":53},[39,107043,64],{"class":57},[39,107045,61],{"class":53},[39,107047,94],{"class":57},[39,107049,486],{"class":53},[39,107051,107052,107054,107056,107058],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107053,137],{"class":136},[39,107055,124],{"class":53},[39,107057,142],{"class":120},[39,107059,130],{"class":53},[20,107061,353],{},[30,107063,107064],{"className":32,"code":960,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107065,107066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107067,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107069,363],{"class":53},[39,107071,85],{"class":57},[39,107073,61],{"class":53},[39,107075,94],{"class":57},[39,107077,72],{"class":53},[160,107079,107080,980,107082],{"id":977},[15,107081,157],{},[15,107083,983],{},[20,107085,986],{},[988,107087,107088],{"id":121},[15,107089,157],{},[176,107091,107092,107094],{},[179,107093,996],{},[179,107095,999],{},[30,107097,107098],{"className":32,"code":1002,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107099,107100,107120,107140,107144,107162,107166,107176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107103,46],{"class":45},[39,107105,50],{"class":49},[39,107107,54],{"class":53},[39,107109,58],{"class":57},[39,107111,61],{"class":53},[39,107113,64],{"class":57},[39,107115,61],{"class":53},[39,107117,69],{"class":57},[39,107119,72],{"class":53},[39,107121,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107123,78],{"class":45},[39,107125,50],{"class":49},[39,107127,54],{"class":53},[39,107129,85],{"class":57},[39,107131,61],{"class":53},[39,107133,69],{"class":57},[39,107135,61],{"class":53},[39,107137,94],{"class":57},[39,107139,72],{"class":53},[39,107141,107142],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107143,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107147,109],{"class":45},[39,107149,50],{"class":49},[39,107151,114],{"class":45},[39,107153,117],{"class":53},[39,107155,121],{"class":120},[39,107157,124],{"class":53},[39,107159,127],{"class":120},[39,107161,130],{"class":53},[39,107163,107164],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,107165,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107167,107168,107170,107172,107174],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,107169,137],{"class":136},[39,107171,124],{"class":53},[39,107173,195],{"class":120},[39,107175,130],{"class":53},[39,107177,107178,107180,107182,107184],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,107179,137],{"class":136},[39,107181,124],{"class":53},[39,107183,142],{"class":120},[39,107185,130],{"class":53},[20,107187,353],{},[30,107189,107190],{"className":32,"code":1095,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107191,107192,107208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107193,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107195,363],{"class":53},[39,107197,58],{"class":57},[39,107199,61],{"class":53},[39,107201,64],{"class":57},[39,107203,61],{"class":53},[39,107205,69],{"class":57},[39,107207,72],{"class":53},[39,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107211,363],{"class":53},[39,107213,85],{"class":57},[39,107215,61],{"class":53},[39,107217,69],{"class":57},[39,107219,72],{"class":53},[988,107221,107222],{"id":1128},[15,107223,983],{},[176,107225,107226,107228],{},[179,107227,1135],{},[179,107229,1138],{},[30,107231,107232],{"className":32,"code":1141,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107233,107234,107254,107274,107278,107292,107296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107235,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107237,46],{"class":45},[39,107239,50],{"class":49},[39,107241,54],{"class":53},[39,107243,58],{"class":57},[39,107245,61],{"class":53},[39,107247,64],{"class":57},[39,107249,61],{"class":53},[39,107251,69],{"class":57},[39,107253,72],{"class":53},[39,107255,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107257,78],{"class":45},[39,107259,50],{"class":49},[39,107261,54],{"class":53},[39,107263,85],{"class":57},[39,107265,61],{"class":53},[39,107267,69],{"class":57},[39,107269,61],{"class":53},[39,107271,94],{"class":57},[39,107273,72],{"class":53},[39,107275,107276],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107277,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107281,195],{"class":45},[39,107283,117],{"class":53},[39,107285,1128],{"class":120},[39,107287,124],{"class":53},[39,107289,127],{"class":120},[39,107291,130],{"class":53},[39,107293,107294],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,107295,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107297,107298,107300,107302,107304],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,107299,137],{"class":136},[39,107301,124],{"class":53},[39,107303,195],{"class":120},[39,107305,130],{"class":53},[20,107307,353],{},[30,107309,107310],{"className":32,"code":1220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107311,107312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107313,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107315,363],{"class":53},[39,107317,85],{"class":57},[39,107319,61],{"class":53},[39,107321,69],{"class":57},[39,107323,72],{"class":53},[20,107325,1237,107326,1240],{},[15,107327,157],{},[160,107329,1244],{"id":1243},[20,107331,1247,107332,1250],{},[15,107333,157],{},[176,107335,107336,107338,107340,107342],{},[179,107337,1255],{},[179,107339,1258],{},[179,107341,1261],{},[179,107343,1264,107344],{},[15,107345,157],{},[20,107347,1269],{},[176,107349,107350,107354,107356,107368],{},[179,107351,718,107352,1276],{},[15,107353,157],{},[179,107355,1279],{},[179,107357,1282,107358,1285,107360,1292,107364],{},[15,107359,157],{},[195,107361,107362],{"href":1288},[15,107363,1291],{},[195,107365,107366],{"href":1295},[15,107367,1298],{},[179,107369,1301],{},[20,107371,1304],{},[30,107373,107374],{"className":32,"code":1307,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107375,107376,107386,107400,107418],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107377,107378,107380,107382,107384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107379,137],{"class":136},[39,107381,124],{"class":53},[39,107383,1318],{"class":120},[39,107385,130],{"class":53},[39,107387,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107389,137],{"class":136},[39,107391,124],{"class":53},[39,107393,479],{"class":478},[39,107395,124],{"class":53},[39,107397,142],{"class":120},[39,107399,486],{"class":53},[39,107401,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107403,137],{"class":136},[39,107405,124],{"class":53},[39,107407,212],{"class":120},[39,107409,117],{"class":53},[39,107411,121],{"class":120},[39,107413,124],{"class":53},[39,107415,221],{"class":120},[39,107417,486],{"class":53},[39,107419,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107421,137],{"class":136},[39,107423,124],{"class":53},[39,107425,1361],{"class":136},[39,107427,124],{"class":53},[39,107429,142],{"class":120},[39,107431,486],{"class":53},[20,107433,267],{},[30,107435,107436],{"className":32,"code":1372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107437,107438,107462,107482,107486,107504,107508,107518,107528,107542],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107439,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107441,1379],{"class":45},[39,107443,50],{"class":49},[39,107445,54],{"class":53},[39,107447,58],{"class":57},[39,107449,61],{"class":53},[39,107451,64],{"class":57},[39,107453,61],{"class":53},[39,107455,64],{"class":57},[39,107457,61],{"class":53},[39,107459,69],{"class":57},[39,107461,72],{"class":53},[39,107463,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107465,1404],{"class":45},[39,107467,50],{"class":49},[39,107469,54],{"class":53},[39,107471,85],{"class":57},[39,107473,61],{"class":53},[39,107475,69],{"class":57},[39,107477,61],{"class":53},[39,107479,94],{"class":57},[39,107481,72],{"class":53},[39,107483,107484],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107485,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107487,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107489,109],{"class":45},[39,107491,50],{"class":49},[39,107493,1433],{"class":45},[39,107495,117],{"class":53},[39,107497,121],{"class":120},[39,107499,124],{"class":53},[39,107501,1442],{"class":120},[39,107503,130],{"class":53},[39,107505,107506],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,107507,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107509,107510,107512,107514,107516],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,107511,137],{"class":136},[39,107513,124],{"class":53},[39,107515,1457],{"class":120},[39,107517,130],{"class":53},[39,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,107521,137],{"class":136},[39,107523,124],{"class":53},[39,107525,142],{"class":120},[39,107527,130],{"class":53},[39,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,107531,137],{"class":136},[39,107533,124],{"class":53},[39,107535,479],{"class":478},[39,107537,124],{"class":53},[39,107539,142],{"class":120},[39,107541,486],{"class":53},[39,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,107545,137],{"class":136},[39,107547,124],{"class":53},[39,107549,1361],{"class":136},[39,107551,124],{"class":53},[39,107553,142],{"class":120},[39,107555,486],{"class":53},[20,107557,353],{},[30,107559,107560],{"className":32,"code":1504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107561,107562,107578,107590,107604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107565,363],{"class":53},[39,107567,58],{"class":57},[39,107569,61],{"class":53},[39,107571,64],{"class":57},[39,107573,61],{"class":53},[39,107575,69],{"class":57},[39,107577,72],{"class":53},[39,107579,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107581,363],{"class":53},[39,107583,85],{"class":57},[39,107585,61],{"class":53},[39,107587,69],{"class":57},[39,107589,72],{"class":53},[39,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107593,510],{"class":49},[39,107595,514],{"class":513},[39,107597,518],{"class":517},[39,107599,384],{"class":521},[39,107601,524],{"class":517},[39,107603,527],{"class":49},[39,107605,107606],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107607,1553],{"class":57},[20,107609,1556,107610,1559],{},[15,107611,85],{},[160,107613,1563],{"id":1562},[988,107615,1567,107616,1570],{"id":1566},[15,107617,157],{},[20,107619,1573],{},[988,107621,1577,107622,1580],{"id":1576},[15,107623,157],{},[20,107625,1583],{},[988,107627,1587],{"id":1586},[20,107629,1590],{},[988,107631,1594],{"id":1593},[20,107633,1597],{},[30,107635,107636],{"className":32,"code":1600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107637,107638],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107639,107640,107642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107641,384],{"class":478},[39,107643,1609],{"class":53},[160,107645,1613],{"id":1612},[176,107647,107648,107652,107658,107664],{},[179,107649,107650],{},[195,107651,198],{"href":197},[179,107653,107654],{},[195,107655,13,107656,1627],{"href":1288},[15,107657,1626],{},[179,107659,107660],{},[195,107661,13,107662,1627],{"href":1295},[15,107663,1634],{},[179,107665,107666],{},[195,107667,1640],{"href":1639},[1642,107669,1644],{},{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":107671},[107672,107673,107674,107675,107676,107677,107681,107682,107688],{"id":162,"depth":75,"text":1648},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":717,"depth":75,"text":1653},{"id":977,"depth":75,"text":1655,"children":107678},[107679,107680],{"id":121,"depth":99,"text":157},{"id":1128,"depth":99,"text":983},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":107683},[107684,107685,107686,107687],{"id":1566,"depth":99,"text":1663},{"id":1576,"depth":99,"text":1665},{"id":1586,"depth":99,"text":1587},{"id":1593,"depth":99,"text":1594},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},{},{"title":5,"description":1669},{"id":107692,"title":107693,"body":107694,"description":108930,"extension":1670,"meta":108931,"navigation":102,"path":108932,"seo":108933,"stem":108934,"__hash__":108935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107695,"toc":108897},[107696,107701,107707,107716,107718,107793,107798,107813,107823,107828,107832,107845,107849,107851,107866,107868,107884,107886,107961,107965,107968,107970,107987,107992,108047,108052,108064,108068,108071,108172,108174,108215,108218,108222,108229,108231,108256,108259,108277,108284,108290,108293,108375,108382,108385,108465,108474,108477,108482,108486,108500,108549,108554,108558,108569,108618,108629,108634,108638,108650,108699,108710,108712,108716,108739,108741,108798,108800,108814,108816,108822,108828,108834,108843,108847,108854,108858,108866,108868,108894],[10,107697,95922,107699,18],{"id":107698},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107700,12475],{},[20,107702,107703,107706],{},[15,107704,107705],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107708,107709,107710,107712,107713,107715],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[382,107711,4340],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107714,12475],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[160,107717,1711],{"id":1710},[30,107719,107721],{"className":32,"code":107720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107722,107723,107755,107769,107773,107783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107724,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107726,7494],{"class":45},[39,107728,50],{"class":49},[39,107730,54],{"class":53},[39,107732,562],{"class":517},[39,107734,3789],{"class":521},[39,107736,562],{"class":517},[39,107738,61],{"class":53},[39,107740,572],{"class":517},[39,107742,3798],{"class":521},[39,107744,562],{"class":517},[39,107746,61],{"class":53},[39,107748,572],{"class":517},[39,107750,3807],{"class":521},[39,107752,562],{"class":517},[39,107754,72],{"class":53},[39,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107758,69655],{"class":45},[39,107760,50],{"class":49},[39,107762,5679],{"class":45},[39,107764,117],{"class":53},[39,107766,25949],{"class":120},[39,107768,1609],{"class":53},[39,107770,107771],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107772,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107774,107775,107777,107779,107781],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107776,137],{"class":136},[39,107778,124],{"class":53},[39,107780,69678],{"class":120},[39,107782,130],{"class":53},[39,107784,107785,107787,107789,107791],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,107786,137],{"class":136},[39,107788,124],{"class":53},[39,107790,7525],{"class":120},[39,107792,130],{"class":53},[20,107794,107795],{},[382,107796,107797],{},"What this does:",[176,107799,107800,107805,107810],{},[179,107801,107802,107803],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107804,7525],{},[179,107806,107807,107808],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107809,69678],{},[179,107811,107812],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107814,107815,88682,107817,107819,107820,107822],{},[382,107816,83541],{},[15,107818,107705],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[382,107821,4340],{}," chosen by index.",[160,107824,3383,107826,3386],{"id":107825},"what-setpop-does",[15,107827,107705],{},[20,107829,107830,1250],{},[15,107831,107705],{},[176,107833,107834,107836,107839,107842],{},[179,107835,102743],{},[179,107837,107838],{},"Returns the removed item",[179,107840,107841],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[179,107843,107844],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107846,193,107847,117],{},[195,107848,198],{"href":97217},[160,107850,202],{"id":201},[30,107852,107854],{"className":32,"code":107853,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107855,107856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107857,107858,107860,107862,107864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107859,1318],{"class":45},[39,107861,117],{"class":53},[39,107863,25949],{"class":120},[39,107865,1609],{"class":53},[20,107867,174],{},[176,107869,107870,107876,107881],{},[179,107871,107872,107873],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107874,107875],{},"my_set.pop()",[179,107877,107878,107879],{},"It takes ",[382,107880,28397],{},[179,107882,107883],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107885,267],{},[30,107887,107889],{"className":32,"code":107888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107890,107891,107923,107937,107941,107951],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107892,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107894,12786],{"class":45},[39,107896,50],{"class":49},[39,107898,54],{"class":53},[39,107900,562],{"class":517},[39,107902,565],{"class":521},[39,107904,562],{"class":517},[39,107906,61],{"class":53},[39,107908,572],{"class":517},[39,107910,575],{"class":521},[39,107912,562],{"class":517},[39,107914,61],{"class":53},[39,107916,572],{"class":517},[39,107918,584],{"class":521},[39,107920,562],{"class":517},[39,107922,72],{"class":53},[39,107924,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,107926,28247],{"class":45},[39,107928,50],{"class":49},[39,107930,12832],{"class":45},[39,107932,117],{"class":53},[39,107934,25949],{"class":120},[39,107936,1609],{"class":53},[39,107938,107939],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,107940,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,107942,107943,107945,107947,107949],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,107944,137],{"class":136},[39,107946,124],{"class":53},[39,107948,23017],{"class":120},[39,107950,130],{"class":53},[39,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,107954,137],{"class":136},[39,107956,124],{"class":53},[39,107958,17209],{"class":120},[39,107960,130],{"class":53},[160,107962,107964],{"id":107963},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107966,107967],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107969,1813],{},[176,107971,107972,107978,107981],{},[179,107973,107974,107975,107977],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107976,12475],{}," removes",[179,107979,107980],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[179,107982,107983,107984,107986],{},"You should not use ",[15,107985,12475],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107988,10176,107989,107991],{},[382,107990,4340],{}," valid:",[30,107993,107995],{"className":32,"code":107994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107996,107997,108029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107998,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108000,35952],{"class":45},[39,108002,50],{"class":49},[39,108004,54],{"class":53},[39,108006,562],{"class":517},[39,108008,3789],{"class":521},[39,108010,562],{"class":517},[39,108012,61],{"class":53},[39,108014,572],{"class":517},[39,108016,3798],{"class":521},[39,108018,562],{"class":517},[39,108020,61],{"class":53},[39,108022,572],{"class":517},[39,108024,3807],{"class":521},[39,108026,562],{"class":517},[39,108028,72],{"class":53},[39,108030,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108032,36004],{"class":45},[39,108034,117],{"class":53},[39,108036,25949],{"class":120},[39,108038,124],{"class":53},[39,108040,562],{"class":517},[39,108042,3789],{"class":521},[39,108044,562],{"class":517},[39,108046,130],{"class":53},[20,108048,39367,108049,108051],{},[15,108050,107705],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108053,108054,108055,1292,108059,117],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[195,108056,108057],{"href":97927},[15,108058,102569],{},[195,108060,108062],{"href":108061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108063,102560],{},[160,108065,108067],{"id":108066},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108069,108070],{},"Here is a simple example:",[30,108072,108074],{"className":32,"code":108073,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108075,108076,108110,108114,108130,108134,108153],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108077,108078,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108106,108108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108079,108080],{"class":45},"animals ",[39,108082,50],{"class":49},[39,108084,54],{"class":53},[39,108086,562],{"class":517},[39,108088,36761],{"class":521},[39,108090,562],{"class":517},[39,108092,61],{"class":53},[39,108094,572],{"class":517},[39,108096,57846],{"class":521},[39,108098,562],{"class":517},[39,108100,61],{"class":53},[39,108102,572],{"class":517},[39,108104,108105],{"class":521},"rabbit",[39,108107,562],{"class":517},[39,108109,72],{"class":53},[39,108111,108112],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108113,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,108115,108116,108119,108121,108124,108126,108128],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108117,108118],{"class":45},"removed_animal ",[39,108120,50],{"class":49},[39,108122,108123],{"class":45}," animals",[39,108125,117],{"class":53},[39,108127,25949],{"class":120},[39,108129,1609],{"class":53},[39,108131,108132],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,108133,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,108135,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148,108151],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,108137,137],{"class":136},[39,108139,124],{"class":53},[39,108141,562],{"class":517},[39,108143,28665],{"class":521},[39,108145,562],{"class":517},[39,108147,61],{"class":53},[39,108149,108150],{"class":120}," removed_animal",[39,108152,130],{"class":53},[39,108154,108155,108157,108159,108161,108164,108166,108168,108170],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,108156,137],{"class":136},[39,108158,124],{"class":53},[39,108160,562],{"class":517},[39,108162,108163],{"class":521},"Updated set:",[39,108165,562],{"class":517},[39,108167,61],{"class":53},[39,108169,108123],{"class":120},[39,108171,130],{"class":53},[20,108173,29739],{},[30,108175,108177],{"className":32,"code":108176,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108178,108179,108188],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108180,108181,108183,108185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108182,28707],{"class":45},[39,108184,1250],{"class":53},[39,108186,108187],{"class":45}," dog\n",[39,108189,108190,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108191,108192],{"class":45},"Updated ",[39,108194,384],{"class":478},[39,108196,1250],{"class":53},[39,108198,54],{"class":53},[39,108200,524],{"class":517},[39,108202,36761],{"class":521},[39,108204,524],{"class":517},[39,108206,61],{"class":53},[39,108208,518],{"class":517},[39,108210,108105],{"class":521},[39,108212,524],{"class":517},[39,108214,72],{"class":53},[20,108216,108217],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[160,108219,108221],{"id":108220},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108223,29359,108224,108226,108227,117],{},[15,108225,12475],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108228,19394],{},[20,108230,267],{},[30,108232,108234],{"className":32,"code":108233,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108235,108236,108246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108237,108238,108240,108242,108244],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108239,7494],{"class":45},[39,108241,50],{"class":49},[39,108243,15343],{"class":478},[39,108245,1609],{"class":53},[39,108247,108248,108250,108252,108254],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108249,7525],{"class":45},[39,108251,117],{"class":53},[39,108253,25949],{"class":120},[39,108255,1609],{"class":53},[20,108257,108258],{},"This raises:",[30,108260,108262],{"className":32,"code":108261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108263,108264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108265,108266,108268,108270,108272,108275],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108267,19394],{"class":478},[39,108269,1250],{"class":53},[39,108271,518],{"class":517},[39,108273,108274],{"class":521},"pop from an empty set",[39,108276,29409],{"class":517},[20,108278,108279,108280,108283],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[195,108281,108282],{"href":10788},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[988,108285,108287,108288],{"id":108286},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108289,12475],{},[20,108291,108292],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[30,108294,108296],{"className":32,"code":108295,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108297,108298,108308,108312,108320,108335,108354,108360],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108299,108300,108302,108304,108306],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108301,7494],{"class":45},[39,108303,50],{"class":49},[39,108305,15343],{"class":478},[39,108307,1609],{"class":53},[39,108309,108310],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108311,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,108313,108314,108316,108318],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108315,6710],{"class":3584},[39,108317,5679],{"class":45},[39,108319,6107],{"class":53},[39,108321,108322,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,108323,108324],{"class":45},"    removed ",[39,108326,50],{"class":49},[39,108328,5679],{"class":45},[39,108330,117],{"class":53},[39,108332,25949],{"class":120},[39,108334,1609],{"class":53},[39,108336,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349,108352],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,108338,7785],{"class":136},[39,108340,124],{"class":53},[39,108342,562],{"class":517},[39,108344,28665],{"class":521},[39,108346,562],{"class":517},[39,108348,61],{"class":53},[39,108350,108351],{"class":120}," removed",[39,108353,130],{"class":53},[39,108355,108356,108358],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,108357,27142],{"class":3584},[39,108359,6107],{"class":53},[39,108361,108362,108364,108366,108368,108371,108373],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,108363,7785],{"class":136},[39,108365,124],{"class":53},[39,108367,562],{"class":517},[39,108369,108370],{"class":521},"The set is empty.",[39,108372,562],{"class":517},[39,108374,130],{"class":53},[988,108376,154,108378,4104,108380],{"id":108377},"use-try-and-except",[15,108379,29513],{},[15,108381,29544],{},[20,108383,108384],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[30,108386,108388],{"className":32,"code":108387,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108389,108390,108400,108404,108410,108424,108442,108450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108393,7494],{"class":45},[39,108395,50],{"class":49},[39,108397,15343],{"class":478},[39,108399,1609],{"class":53},[39,108401,108402],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108403,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,108405,108406,108408],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108407,29513],{"class":3584},[39,108409,6107],{"class":53},[39,108411,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,108413,108324],{"class":45},[39,108415,50],{"class":49},[39,108417,5679],{"class":45},[39,108419,117],{"class":53},[39,108421,25949],{"class":120},[39,108423,1609],{"class":53},[39,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,108427,7785],{"class":136},[39,108429,124],{"class":53},[39,108431,562],{"class":517},[39,108433,28665],{"class":521},[39,108435,562],{"class":517},[39,108437,61],{"class":53},[39,108439,108351],{"class":120},[39,108441,130],{"class":53},[39,108443,108444,108446,108448],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,108445,29544],{"class":3584},[39,108447,29547],{"class":478},[39,108449,6107],{"class":53},[39,108451,108452,108454,108456,108458,108461,108463],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,108453,7785],{"class":136},[39,108455,124],{"class":53},[39,108457,562],{"class":517},[39,108459,108460],{"class":521},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[39,108462,562],{"class":517},[39,108464,130],{"class":53},[160,108466,4671,108468,980,108470,980,108472],{"id":108467},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108469,12475],{},[15,108471,55248],{},[15,108473,102555],{},[20,108475,108476],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[988,108478,154,108480],{"id":108479},"use-pop",[15,108481,12475],{},[20,108483,154,108484,10315],{},[15,108485,12475],{},[176,108487,108488,108494,108497],{},[179,108489,108490,108491],{},"You want to remove ",[382,108492,108493],{},"any one item",[179,108495,108496],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[179,108498,108499],{},"You want the removed item returned",[30,108501,108503],{"className":32,"code":108502,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108504,108505,108525,108539],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108506,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108508,1379],{"class":45},[39,108510,50],{"class":49},[39,108512,54],{"class":53},[39,108514,58],{"class":57},[39,108516,61],{"class":53},[39,108518,64],{"class":57},[39,108520,61],{"class":53},[39,108522,69],{"class":57},[39,108524,72],{"class":53},[39,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108528,2154],{"class":45},[39,108530,50],{"class":49},[39,108532,1433],{"class":45},[39,108534,117],{"class":53},[39,108536,25949],{"class":120},[39,108538,1609],{"class":53},[39,108540,108541,108543,108545,108547],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108542,137],{"class":136},[39,108544,124],{"class":53},[39,108546,2179],{"class":120},[39,108548,130],{"class":53},[988,108550,154,108552],{"id":108551},"use-remove",[15,108553,55248],{},[20,108555,154,108556,10315],{},[15,108557,55248],{},[176,108559,108560,108566],{},[179,108561,108562,108563],{},"You want to delete a ",[382,108564,108565],{},"specific item",[179,108567,108568],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[30,108570,108572],{"className":32,"code":108571,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108573,108574,108594,108608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108575,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108577,1379],{"class":45},[39,108579,50],{"class":49},[39,108581,54],{"class":53},[39,108583,58],{"class":57},[39,108585,61],{"class":53},[39,108587,64],{"class":57},[39,108589,61],{"class":53},[39,108591,69],{"class":57},[39,108593,72],{"class":53},[39,108595,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108597,1457],{"class":45},[39,108599,117],{"class":53},[39,108601,34505],{"class":120},[39,108603,124],{"class":53},[39,108605,85],{"class":57},[39,108607,130],{"class":53},[39,108609,108610,108612,108614,108616],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108611,137],{"class":136},[39,108613,124],{"class":53},[39,108615,1457],{"class":120},[39,108617,130],{"class":53},[20,108619,108620,108621,108623,108624,108628],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108622,55248],{}," raises an error. See the ",[195,108625,108626,1627],{"href":97927},[15,108627,102569],{}," for details.",[988,108630,154,108632],{"id":108631},"use-discard",[15,108633,102555],{},[20,108635,154,108636,10315],{},[15,108637,102555],{},[176,108639,108640,108644],{},[179,108641,108562,108642],{},[382,108643,108565],{},[179,108645,108646,108647,108649],{},"You do ",[382,108648,4340],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[30,108651,108653],{"className":32,"code":108652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108654,108655,108675,108689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108656,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108658,1379],{"class":45},[39,108660,50],{"class":49},[39,108662,54],{"class":53},[39,108664,58],{"class":57},[39,108666,61],{"class":53},[39,108668,64],{"class":57},[39,108670,61],{"class":53},[39,108672,69],{"class":57},[39,108674,72],{"class":53},[39,108676,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108678,1457],{"class":45},[39,108680,117],{"class":53},[39,108682,102622],{"class":120},[39,108684,124],{"class":53},[39,108686,1843],{"class":57},[39,108688,130],{"class":53},[39,108690,108691,108693,108695,108697],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108692,137],{"class":136},[39,108694,124],{"class":53},[39,108696,1457],{"class":120},[39,108698,130],{"class":53},[20,108700,108701,108702,108704,108705,108709],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108703,1843],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[195,108706,108707,1627],{"href":108061},[15,108708,102560],{}," for more examples.",[160,108711,2537],{"id":2536},[20,108713,71201,108714,1250],{},[15,108715,107705],{},[176,108717,108718,108724,108729,108734],{},[179,108719,108720,108721],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108722,108723],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[179,108725,8170,108726,108728],{},[15,108727,12475],{}," to remove the first or last item",[179,108730,29359,108731,108733],{},[15,108732,12475],{}," on an empty set",[179,108735,718,108736,108738],{},[15,108737,12475],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108740,62015],{},[30,108742,108744],{"className":32,"code":108743,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108745,108746,108756,108770,108784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108749,137],{"class":136},[39,108751,124],{"class":53},[39,108753,1318],{"class":120},[39,108755,130],{"class":53},[39,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,108759,137],{"class":136},[39,108761,124],{"class":53},[39,108763,1361],{"class":136},[39,108765,124],{"class":53},[39,108767,1318],{"class":120},[39,108769,486],{"class":53},[39,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,108773,137],{"class":136},[39,108775,124],{"class":53},[39,108777,479],{"class":478},[39,108779,124],{"class":53},[39,108781,1318],{"class":120},[39,108783,486],{"class":53},[39,108785,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794,108796],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,108787,28247],{"class":45},[39,108789,50],{"class":49},[39,108791,96643],{"class":45},[39,108793,117],{"class":53},[39,108795,25949],{"class":120},[39,108797,1609],{"class":53},[20,108799,25716],{},[176,108801,108802,108805,108808,108811],{},[179,108803,108804],{},"What values are in the set",[179,108806,108807],{},"Whether the set is empty",[179,108809,108810],{},"That the object is really a set",[179,108812,108813],{},"What value was actually removed",[160,108815,1563],{"id":1562},[988,108817,1567,108819,108821],{"id":108818},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108820,107705],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108823,108824,108825,108827],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108826,12475],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[988,108829,108831,108832,2199],{"id":108830},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108833,107705],{},[20,108835,108836,108837,108839,108840,108842],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108838,12475],{},", set ",[15,108841,12475],{}," does not accept an index.",[988,108844,108846],{"id":108845},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108848,71370,108849,44345,108851,108853],{},[15,108850,19394],{},[15,108852,12475],{}," is called on an empty set.",[988,108855,108857],{"id":108856},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108859,154,108860,1292,108862,10806,108864,117],{},[15,108861,55248],{},[15,108863,102555],{},[15,108865,12475],{},[160,108867,1613],{"id":1612},[176,108869,108870,108874,108880,108886,108890],{},[179,108871,108872],{},[195,108873,198],{"href":97217},[179,108875,108876],{},[195,108877,96533,108878,1627],{"href":97927},[15,108879,55248],{},[179,108881,108882],{},[195,108883,96533,108884,1627],{"href":108061},[15,108885,102555],{},[179,108887,108888],{},[195,108889,10976],{"href":10788},[179,108891,108892],{},[195,108893,55234],{"href":54786},[1642,108895,108896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":108898},[108899,108900,108902,108903,108904,108905,108911,108920,108921,108929],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":107825,"depth":75,"text":108901},"What set.pop() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":107963,"depth":75,"text":107964},{"id":108066,"depth":75,"text":108067},{"id":108220,"depth":75,"text":108221,"children":108906},[108907,108909],{"id":108286,"depth":99,"text":108908},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108377,"depth":99,"text":108910},"Use try and except",{"id":108467,"depth":75,"text":108912,"children":108913},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108914,108916,108918],{"id":108479,"depth":99,"text":108915},"Use pop()",{"id":108551,"depth":99,"text":108917},"Use remove()",{"id":108631,"depth":99,"text":108919},"Use discard()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":108922},[108923,108925,108927,108928],{"id":108818,"depth":99,"text":108924},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108830,"depth":99,"text":108926},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108845,"depth":99,"text":108846},{"id":108856,"depth":99,"text":108857},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107693,"description":108930},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108937,"title":108938,"body":108939,"description":110093,"extension":1670,"meta":110094,"navigation":102,"path":110095,"seo":110096,"stem":110097,"__hash__":110098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108940,"toc":110061},[108941,108946,108951,108960,108962,109027,109031,109055,109062,109067,109071,109086,109089,109091,109110,109124,109127,109175,109179,109195,109197,109270,109274,109299,109305,109313,109317,109324,109379,109384,109401,109407,109413,109418,109426,109433,109437,109445,109500,109502,109519,109523,109530,109595,109599,109632,109634,109646,109653,109655,109660,109667,109669,109738,109742,109750,109752,109816,109820,109825,109872,109877,109945,109953,109960,109963,109969,109974,109978,109980,109983,109985,109990,109995,110001,110006,110013,110021,110027,110030,110032,110058],[10,108942,95922,108944,18],{"id":108943},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108945,55248],{},[20,108947,108948,108950],{},[15,108949,102569],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108952,108953,108954,108957,108958,117],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[382,108955,108956],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108959,19394],{},[160,108961,1711],{"id":1710},[30,108963,108965],{"className":32,"code":108964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108966,108967,108999,109017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108968,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108970,12786],{"class":45},[39,108972,50],{"class":49},[39,108974,54],{"class":53},[39,108976,562],{"class":517},[39,108978,565],{"class":521},[39,108980,562],{"class":517},[39,108982,61],{"class":53},[39,108984,572],{"class":517},[39,108986,575],{"class":521},[39,108988,562],{"class":517},[39,108990,61],{"class":53},[39,108992,572],{"class":517},[39,108994,584],{"class":521},[39,108996,562],{"class":517},[39,108998,72],{"class":53},[39,109000,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109002,17209],{"class":45},[39,109004,117],{"class":53},[39,109006,34505],{"class":120},[39,109008,124],{"class":53},[39,109010,562],{"class":517},[39,109012,575],{"class":521},[39,109014,562],{"class":517},[39,109016,130],{"class":53},[39,109018,109019,109021,109023,109025],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109020,137],{"class":136},[39,109022,124],{"class":53},[39,109024,17209],{"class":120},[39,109026,130],{"class":53},[20,109028,109029],{},[382,109030,29739],{},[30,109032,109033],{"className":32,"code":103249,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109034,109035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109038,363],{"class":53},[39,109040,524],{"class":517},[39,109042,565],{"class":521},[39,109044,524],{"class":517},[39,109046,61],{"class":53},[39,109048,518],{"class":517},[39,109050,584],{"class":521},[39,109052,524],{"class":517},[39,109054,72],{"class":53},[20,109056,154,109057,109059,109060,117],{},[15,109058,55248],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109061,19394],{},[160,109063,3383,109065,3386],{"id":109064},"what-setremove-does",[15,109066,102569],{},[20,109068,109069,1250],{},[15,109070,102569],{},[176,109072,109073,109076,109078,109080],{},[179,109074,109075],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[179,109077,96037],{},[179,109079,96040],{},[179,109081,109082,109083,109085],{},"Raises ",[15,109084,19394],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109087,109088],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[160,109090,202],{"id":201},[30,109092,109094],{"className":32,"code":109093,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109095,109096],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109097,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106,109108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109099,1318],{"class":45},[39,109101,117],{"class":53},[39,109103,34505],{"class":120},[39,109105,124],{"class":53},[39,109107,2179],{"class":120},[39,109109,130],{"class":53},[176,109111,109112,109116,109121],{},[179,109113,109114,102791],{},[15,109115,1318],{},[179,109117,109118,109120],{},[15,109119,2179],{}," is the item to remove",[179,109122,109123],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109125,109126],{},"Here is a small example:",[30,109128,109129],{"className":32,"code":108571,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109130,109131,109151,109165],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109134,1379],{"class":45},[39,109136,50],{"class":49},[39,109138,54],{"class":53},[39,109140,58],{"class":57},[39,109142,61],{"class":53},[39,109144,64],{"class":57},[39,109146,61],{"class":53},[39,109148,69],{"class":57},[39,109150,72],{"class":53},[39,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109154,1457],{"class":45},[39,109156,117],{"class":53},[39,109158,34505],{"class":120},[39,109160,124],{"class":53},[39,109162,85],{"class":57},[39,109164,130],{"class":53},[39,109166,109167,109169,109171,109173],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109168,137],{"class":136},[39,109170,124],{"class":53},[39,109172,1457],{"class":120},[39,109174,130],{"class":53},[20,109176,109177],{},[382,109178,29739],{},[30,109180,109181],{"className":32,"code":101008,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109182,109183],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109184,109185,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109186,363],{"class":53},[39,109188,58],{"class":57},[39,109190,61],{"class":53},[39,109192,69],{"class":57},[39,109194,72],{"class":53},[160,109196,542],{"id":541},[30,109198,109200],{"className":32,"code":109199,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109201,109202,109234,109238,109256,109260],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109203,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109205,35952],{"class":45},[39,109207,50],{"class":49},[39,109209,54],{"class":53},[39,109211,562],{"class":517},[39,109213,3789],{"class":521},[39,109215,562],{"class":517},[39,109217,61],{"class":53},[39,109219,572],{"class":517},[39,109221,3798],{"class":521},[39,109223,562],{"class":517},[39,109225,61],{"class":53},[39,109227,572],{"class":517},[39,109229,32930],{"class":521},[39,109231,562],{"class":517},[39,109233,72],{"class":53},[39,109235,109236],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109237,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,109239,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109241,36004],{"class":45},[39,109243,117],{"class":53},[39,109245,34505],{"class":120},[39,109247,124],{"class":53},[39,109249,562],{"class":517},[39,109251,3798],{"class":521},[39,109253,562],{"class":517},[39,109255,130],{"class":53},[39,109257,109258],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,109259,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,109261,109262,109264,109266,109268],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,109263,137],{"class":136},[39,109265,124],{"class":53},[39,109267,36004],{"class":120},[39,109269,130],{"class":53},[20,109271,109272],{},[382,109273,29739],{},[30,109275,109277],{"className":32,"code":109276,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109278,109279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109280,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109282,363],{"class":53},[39,109284,524],{"class":517},[39,109286,3789],{"class":521},[39,109288,524],{"class":517},[39,109290,61],{"class":53},[39,109292,518],{"class":517},[39,109294,32930],{"class":521},[39,109296,524],{"class":517},[39,109298,72],{"class":53},[20,109300,109301,109302,109304],{},"This removes ",[15,109303,64995],{}," from the set.",[20,109306,109307,109308,109310,109311,117],{},"A set does ",[382,109309,4340],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[195,109312,96051],{"href":97601},[160,109314,109316],{"id":109315},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109318,109319,109320,52213,109322,117],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109321,55248],{},[15,109323,19394],{},[30,109325,109327],{"className":32,"code":109326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109328,109329,109361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109330,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109332,12786],{"class":45},[39,109334,50],{"class":49},[39,109336,54],{"class":53},[39,109338,562],{"class":517},[39,109340,565],{"class":521},[39,109342,562],{"class":517},[39,109344,61],{"class":53},[39,109346,572],{"class":517},[39,109348,575],{"class":521},[39,109350,562],{"class":517},[39,109352,61],{"class":53},[39,109354,572],{"class":517},[39,109356,584],{"class":521},[39,109358,562],{"class":517},[39,109360,72],{"class":53},[39,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109364,17209],{"class":45},[39,109366,117],{"class":53},[39,109368,34505],{"class":120},[39,109370,124],{"class":53},[39,109372,562],{"class":517},[39,109374,610],{"class":521},[39,109376,562],{"class":517},[39,109378,130],{"class":53},[20,109380,109381],{},[382,109382,109383],{},"Result:",[30,109385,109387],{"className":32,"code":109386,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109388,109389],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109390,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109392,19394],{"class":478},[39,109394,1250],{"class":53},[39,109396,518],{"class":517},[39,109398,610],{"class":521},[39,109400,29409],{"class":517},[20,109402,21896,109403,109406],{},[15,109404,109405],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109408,109409,109410,109412],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109411,55248],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109414,109415,109416,117],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[195,109417,10976],{"href":10788},[160,109419,3909,109421,109423,109424],{"id":109420},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109422,55248],{}," is different from ",[15,109425,102555],{},[20,109427,109428,4104,109430,109432],{},[15,109429,55248],{},[15,109431,102555],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[988,109434,109435],{"id":34505},[15,109436,55248],{},[176,109438,109439,109442],{},[179,109440,109441],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[179,109443,109444],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[30,109446,109448],{"className":32,"code":109447,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109449,109450,109482],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109451,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109453,35803],{"class":45},[39,109455,50],{"class":49},[39,109457,54],{"class":53},[39,109459,562],{"class":517},[39,109461,195],{"class":521},[39,109463,562],{"class":517},[39,109465,61],{"class":53},[39,109467,572],{"class":517},[39,109469,127],{"class":521},[39,109471,562],{"class":517},[39,109473,61],{"class":53},[39,109475,572],{"class":517},[39,109477,9454],{"class":521},[39,109479,562],{"class":517},[39,109481,72],{"class":53},[39,109483,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109485,35856],{"class":45},[39,109487,117],{"class":53},[39,109489,34505],{"class":120},[39,109491,124],{"class":53},[39,109493,562],{"class":517},[39,109495,18474],{"class":521},[39,109497,562],{"class":517},[39,109499,130],{"class":53},[20,109501,108258],{},[30,109503,109505],{"className":32,"code":109504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109506,109507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109508,109509,109511,109513,109515,109517],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109510,19394],{"class":478},[39,109512,1250],{"class":53},[39,109514,518],{"class":517},[39,109516,18474],{"class":521},[39,109518,29409],{"class":517},[988,109520,109521],{"id":102622},[15,109522,102555],{},[176,109524,109525,109527],{},[179,109526,109441],{},[179,109528,109529],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[30,109531,109533],{"className":32,"code":109532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109534,109535,109567,109585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109536,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109538,35803],{"class":45},[39,109540,50],{"class":49},[39,109542,54],{"class":53},[39,109544,562],{"class":517},[39,109546,195],{"class":521},[39,109548,562],{"class":517},[39,109550,61],{"class":53},[39,109552,572],{"class":517},[39,109554,127],{"class":521},[39,109556,562],{"class":517},[39,109558,61],{"class":53},[39,109560,572],{"class":517},[39,109562,9454],{"class":521},[39,109564,562],{"class":517},[39,109566,72],{"class":53},[39,109568,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109570,35856],{"class":45},[39,109572,117],{"class":53},[39,109574,102622],{"class":120},[39,109576,124],{"class":53},[39,109578,562],{"class":517},[39,109580,18474],{"class":521},[39,109582,562],{"class":517},[39,109584,130],{"class":53},[39,109586,109587,109589,109591,109593],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109588,137],{"class":136},[39,109590,124],{"class":53},[39,109592,35856],{"class":120},[39,109594,130],{"class":53},[20,109596,109597],{},[382,109598,353],{},[30,109600,109602],{"className":32,"code":109601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109603,109604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109605,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109607,363],{"class":53},[39,109609,524],{"class":517},[39,109611,195],{"class":521},[39,109613,524],{"class":517},[39,109615,61],{"class":53},[39,109617,518],{"class":517},[39,109619,127],{"class":521},[39,109621,524],{"class":517},[39,109623,61],{"class":53},[39,109625,518],{"class":517},[39,109627,9454],{"class":521},[39,109629,524],{"class":517},[39,109631,72],{"class":53},[20,109633,18401],{},[176,109635,109636,109641],{},[179,109637,109638,109640],{},[15,109639,55248],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[179,109642,109643,109645],{},[15,109644,102555],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109647,109648,109649,117],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[195,109650,96533,109651,1627],{"href":108061},[15,109652,102555],{},[160,109654,1244],{"id":1243},[988,109656,8170,109658,96913],{"id":109657},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109659,55248],{},[20,109661,109662,109664,109665,117],{},[15,109663,55248],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109666,3484],{},[20,109668,16353],{},[30,109670,109672],{"className":32,"code":109671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109673,109674,109706,109728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109675,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109677,12786],{"class":45},[39,109679,50],{"class":49},[39,109681,54],{"class":53},[39,109683,562],{"class":517},[39,109685,565],{"class":521},[39,109687,562],{"class":517},[39,109689,61],{"class":53},[39,109691,572],{"class":517},[39,109693,575],{"class":521},[39,109695,562],{"class":517},[39,109697,61],{"class":53},[39,109699,572],{"class":517},[39,109701,584],{"class":521},[39,109703,562],{"class":517},[39,109705,72],{"class":53},[39,109707,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109709,12827],{"class":45},[39,109711,50],{"class":49},[39,109713,12832],{"class":45},[39,109715,117],{"class":53},[39,109717,34505],{"class":120},[39,109719,124],{"class":53},[39,109721,562],{"class":517},[39,109723,575],{"class":521},[39,109725,562],{"class":517},[39,109727,130],{"class":53},[39,109729,109730,109732,109734,109736],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109731,137],{"class":136},[39,109733,124],{"class":53},[39,109735,12851],{"class":120},[39,109737,130],{"class":53},[20,109739,109740],{},[382,109741,353],{},[30,109743,109744],{"className":32,"code":11520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109745,109746],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109747,109748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109749,11520],{"class":3559},[20,109751,16365],{},[30,109753,109754],{"className":32,"code":108964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109755,109756,109788,109806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109757,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109759,12786],{"class":45},[39,109761,50],{"class":49},[39,109763,54],{"class":53},[39,109765,562],{"class":517},[39,109767,565],{"class":521},[39,109769,562],{"class":517},[39,109771,61],{"class":53},[39,109773,572],{"class":517},[39,109775,575],{"class":521},[39,109777,562],{"class":517},[39,109779,61],{"class":53},[39,109781,572],{"class":517},[39,109783,584],{"class":521},[39,109785,562],{"class":517},[39,109787,72],{"class":53},[39,109789,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109791,17209],{"class":45},[39,109793,117],{"class":53},[39,109795,34505],{"class":120},[39,109797,124],{"class":53},[39,109799,562],{"class":517},[39,109801,575],{"class":521},[39,109803,562],{"class":517},[39,109805,130],{"class":53},[39,109807,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109809,137],{"class":136},[39,109811,124],{"class":53},[39,109813,17209],{"class":120},[39,109815,130],{"class":53},[988,109817,109819],{"id":109818},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109821,109822,109823,117],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109824,19394],{},[30,109826,109828],{"className":32,"code":109827,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109829,109830,109854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109831,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109833,12786],{"class":45},[39,109835,50],{"class":49},[39,109837,54],{"class":53},[39,109839,562],{"class":517},[39,109841,565],{"class":521},[39,109843,562],{"class":517},[39,109845,61],{"class":53},[39,109847,572],{"class":517},[39,109849,575],{"class":521},[39,109851,562],{"class":517},[39,109853,72],{"class":53},[39,109855,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109857,17209],{"class":45},[39,109859,117],{"class":53},[39,109861,34505],{"class":120},[39,109863,124],{"class":53},[39,109865,562],{"class":517},[39,109867,584],{"class":521},[39,109869,562],{"class":517},[39,109871,130],{"class":53},[20,109873,109874,109875,1250],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109876,3591],{},[30,109878,109880],{"className":32,"code":109879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109881,109882,109906,109910,109926],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109883,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109885,12786],{"class":45},[39,109887,50],{"class":49},[39,109889,54],{"class":53},[39,109891,562],{"class":517},[39,109893,565],{"class":521},[39,109895,562],{"class":517},[39,109897,61],{"class":53},[39,109899,572],{"class":517},[39,109901,575],{"class":521},[39,109903,562],{"class":517},[39,109905,72],{"class":53},[39,109907,109908],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,109909,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,109911,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,109913,6710],{"class":3584},[39,109915,572],{"class":517},[39,109917,584],{"class":521},[39,109919,562],{"class":517},[39,109921,20881],{"class":49},[39,109923,12832],{"class":45},[39,109925,6107],{"class":53},[39,109927,109928,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,109929,109930],{"class":45},"    colors",[39,109932,117],{"class":53},[39,109934,34505],{"class":120},[39,109936,124],{"class":53},[39,109938,562],{"class":517},[39,109940,584],{"class":521},[39,109942,562],{"class":517},[39,109944,130],{"class":53},[20,109946,109947,109948,109952],{},"Or use ",[195,109949,109950],{"href":108061},[15,109951,102555],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[988,109954,1282,109956,1285,109958],{"id":109955},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109957,102569],{},[15,109959,54794],{},[20,109961,109962],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109964,109965,109966,109968],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109967,102569],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109970,109971,109972,117],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[195,109973,98796],{"href":98795},[988,109975,109977],{"id":109976},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109979,107967],{},[20,109981,109982],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[160,109984,1563],{"id":1562},[988,109986,1567,109988,97012],{"id":109987},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109989,102569],{},[20,109991,109992,109993,117],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109994,3484],{},[988,109996,29996,109998,110000],{"id":109997},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109999,102569],{}," raise?",[20,110002,30002,110003,110005],{},[15,110004,19394],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[988,110007,21128,110009,1292,110011,2199],{"id":110008},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110010,55248],{},[15,110012,102555],{},[20,110014,154,110015,110017,110018,110020],{},[15,110016,55248],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110019,102555],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[988,110022,1577,110024,110026],{"id":110023},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110025,102569],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110028,110029],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[160,110031,1613],{"id":1612},[176,110033,110034,110040,110046,110050,110054],{},[179,110035,110036],{},[195,110037,96533,110038,1627],{"href":108061},[15,110039,102555],{},[179,110041,110042],{},[195,110043,96533,110044,1627],{"href":97932},[15,110045,12475],{},[179,110047,110048],{},[195,110049,97057],{"href":97601},[179,110051,110052],{},[195,110053,1640],{"href":98795},[179,110055,110056],{},[195,110057,10976],{"href":10788},[1642,110059,110060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":110062},[110063,110064,110066,110067,110068,110069,110074,110082,110092],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":109064,"depth":75,"text":110065},"What set.remove() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":109315,"depth":75,"text":109316},{"id":109420,"depth":75,"text":110070,"children":110071},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110072,110073],{"id":34505,"depth":99,"text":55248},{"id":102622,"depth":99,"text":102555},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":110075},[110076,110078,110079,110081],{"id":109657,"depth":99,"text":110077},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109818,"depth":99,"text":109819},{"id":109955,"depth":99,"text":110080},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109976,"depth":99,"text":109977},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":110083},[110084,110086,110088,110090],{"id":109987,"depth":99,"text":110085},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109997,"depth":99,"text":110087},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110008,"depth":99,"text":110089},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110023,"depth":99,"text":110091},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108938,"description":110093},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110100,"title":110101,"body":110102,"description":111475,"extension":1670,"meta":111476,"navigation":102,"path":111477,"seo":111478,"stem":111479,"__hash__":111480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110103,"toc":111450},[110104,110110,110116,110119,110122,110136,110138,110219,110222,110227,110231,110245,110252,110254,110273,110276,110294,110296,110376,110378,110403,110407,110410,110418,110423,110428,110430,110443,110448,110451,110475,110478,110486,110488,110491,110588,110590,110623,110625,110651,110658,110661,110665,110673,110677,110685,110687,110777,110779,110793,110800,110805,110810,110812,110903,110905,110917,110919,110933,110939,110947,110949,111031,111033,111078,111081,111089,111092,111094,111098,111141,111143,111163,111168,111170,111255,111257,111262,111264,111271,111279,111285,111288,111290,111376,111378,111402,111406,111409,111411,111438,111448],[10,110105,95922,110107,18],{"id":110106},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110108,110109],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110111,110112,110115],{},[15,110113,110114],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110117,110118],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110120,110121],{},"Use it when:",[176,110123,110124,110127,110133],{},[179,110125,110126],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[179,110128,110129,110130,110132],{},"you do ",[382,110131,4340],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[179,110134,110135],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[160,110137,3313],{"id":3312},[30,110139,110141],{"className":32,"code":110140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110142,110143,110163,110183,110187,110206],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110144,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110146,46],{"class":45},[39,110148,50],{"class":49},[39,110150,54],{"class":53},[39,110152,58],{"class":57},[39,110154,61],{"class":53},[39,110156,64],{"class":57},[39,110158,61],{"class":53},[39,110160,69],{"class":57},[39,110162,72],{"class":53},[39,110164,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110166,78],{"class":45},[39,110168,50],{"class":49},[39,110170,54],{"class":53},[39,110172,307],{"class":57},[39,110174,61],{"class":53},[39,110176,94],{"class":57},[39,110178,61],{"class":53},[39,110180,316],{"class":57},[39,110182,72],{"class":53},[39,110184,110185],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110186,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110188,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110200,110202,110204],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,110190,109],{"class":45},[39,110192,50],{"class":49},[39,110194,114],{"class":45},[39,110196,117],{"class":53},[39,110198,110199],{"class":120},"symmetric_difference",[39,110201,124],{"class":53},[39,110203,127],{"class":120},[39,110205,130],{"class":53},[39,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,110209,137],{"class":136},[39,110211,124],{"class":53},[39,110213,142],{"class":120},[39,110215,3366],{"class":53},[39,110217,110218],{"class":150},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110220,110221],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[160,110223,3383,110225,3386],{"id":110224},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110226,110109],{},[20,110228,110229,1250],{},[15,110230,110114],{},[176,110232,110233,110236,110239,110242],{},[179,110234,110235],{},"returns a new set",[179,110237,110238],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[179,110240,110241],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[179,110243,110244],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110246,193,110247,1292,110249,117],{},[195,110248,198],{"href":197},[195,110250,110251],{"href":96050},"creating a set in Python",[160,110253,202],{"id":201},[30,110255,110257],{"className":32,"code":110256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110258,110259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110260,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110262,212],{"class":45},[39,110264,117],{"class":53},[39,110266,110199],{"class":120},[39,110268,124],{"class":53},[39,110270,221],{"class":120},[39,110272,130],{"class":53},[20,110274,110275],{},"Notes:",[176,110277,110278,110283,110288,110291],{},[179,110279,110280,110282],{},[15,110281,212],{}," must be a set",[179,110284,110285,110287],{},[15,110286,221],{}," can be any iterable",[179,110289,110290],{},"the result is always a set",[179,110292,110293],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110295,267],{},[30,110297,110299],{"className":32,"code":110298,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110300,110301,110322,110343,110347,110366],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110302,110303,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110304,110305],{"class":45},"set1 ",[39,110307,50],{"class":49},[39,110309,54],{"class":53},[39,110311,58],{"class":57},[39,110313,61],{"class":53},[39,110315,64],{"class":57},[39,110317,61],{"class":53},[39,110319,69],{"class":57},[39,110321,72],{"class":53},[39,110323,110324,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110325,110326],{"class":45},"set2 ",[39,110328,50],{"class":49},[39,110330,54],{"class":53},[39,110332,307],{"class":57},[39,110334,61],{"class":53},[39,110336,94],{"class":57},[39,110338,61],{"class":53},[39,110340,316],{"class":57},[39,110342,72],{"class":53},[39,110344,110345],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110346,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110348,110349,110351,110353,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,110350,109],{"class":45},[39,110352,50],{"class":49},[39,110354,110355],{"class":45}," set1",[39,110357,117],{"class":53},[39,110359,110199],{"class":120},[39,110361,124],{"class":53},[39,110363,221],{"class":120},[39,110365,130],{"class":53},[39,110367,110368,110370,110372,110374],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,110369,137],{"class":136},[39,110371,124],{"class":53},[39,110373,142],{"class":120},[39,110375,130],{"class":53},[20,110377,353],{},[30,110379,110381],{"className":32,"code":110380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110382,110383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110384,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110386,363],{"class":53},[39,110388,58],{"class":57},[39,110390,61],{"class":53},[39,110392,64],{"class":57},[39,110394,61],{"class":53},[39,110396,94],{"class":57},[39,110398,61],{"class":53},[39,110400,316],{"class":57},[39,110402,72],{"class":53},[160,110404,110406],{"id":110405},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110408,110409],{},"The result includes:",[176,110411,110412,110415],{},[179,110413,110414],{},"items only in the first set",[179,110416,110417],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110419,110420,110421,10797],{},"The result does ",[382,110422,4340],{},[176,110424,110425],{},[179,110426,110427],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110429,5184],{},[176,110431,110432,110437],{},[179,110433,110434,110435],{},"first set: ",[15,110436,100000],{},[179,110438,110439,110440],{},"second set: ",[15,110441,110442],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110444,3759,110445,110447],{},[15,110446,307],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110449,110450],{},"The output is:",[30,110452,110453],{"className":32,"code":110380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,110454,110455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110456,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110458,363],{"class":53},[39,110460,58],{"class":57},[39,110462,61],{"class":53},[39,110464,64],{"class":57},[39,110466,61],{"class":53},[39,110468,94],{"class":57},[39,110470,61],{"class":53},[39,110472,316],{"class":57},[39,110474,72],{"class":53},[20,110476,110477],{},"Also remember:",[176,110479,110480,110483],{},[179,110481,110482],{},"sets are unordered",[179,110484,110485],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[160,110487,542],{"id":541},[20,110489,110490],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[30,110492,110494],{"className":32,"code":110493,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110495,110496,110528,110552,110556,110574,110578],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110497,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110499,555],{"class":45},[39,110501,50],{"class":49},[39,110503,54],{"class":53},[39,110505,562],{"class":517},[39,110507,565],{"class":521},[39,110509,562],{"class":517},[39,110511,61],{"class":53},[39,110513,572],{"class":517},[39,110515,575],{"class":521},[39,110517,562],{"class":517},[39,110519,61],{"class":53},[39,110521,572],{"class":517},[39,110523,584],{"class":521},[39,110525,562],{"class":517},[39,110527,72],{"class":53},[39,110529,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110531,593],{"class":45},[39,110533,50],{"class":49},[39,110535,54],{"class":53},[39,110537,562],{"class":517},[39,110539,584],{"class":521},[39,110541,562],{"class":517},[39,110543,61],{"class":53},[39,110545,572],{"class":517},[39,110547,610],{"class":521},[39,110549,562],{"class":517},[39,110551,72],{"class":53},[39,110553,110554],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110555,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110557,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,110559,109],{"class":45},[39,110561,50],{"class":49},[39,110563,636],{"class":45},[39,110565,117],{"class":53},[39,110567,110199],{"class":120},[39,110569,124],{"class":53},[39,110571,645],{"class":120},[39,110573,130],{"class":53},[39,110575,110576],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,110577,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110579,110580,110582,110584,110586],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,110581,137],{"class":136},[39,110583,124],{"class":53},[39,110585,142],{"class":120},[39,110587,130],{"class":53},[20,110589,353],{},[30,110591,110593],{"className":32,"code":110592,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110594,110595],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110596,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110598,363],{"class":53},[39,110600,524],{"class":517},[39,110602,565],{"class":521},[39,110604,524],{"class":517},[39,110606,61],{"class":53},[39,110608,518],{"class":517},[39,110610,575],{"class":521},[39,110612,524],{"class":517},[39,110614,61],{"class":53},[39,110616,518],{"class":517},[39,110618,610],{"class":521},[39,110620,524],{"class":517},[39,110622,72],{"class":53},[20,110624,13118],{},[176,110626,110627,110632,110643],{},[179,110628,110629,110631],{},[15,110630,96212],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[179,110633,110634,4104,110636,110639,110640,110642],{},[15,110635,65113],{},[15,110637,110638],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110641,699],{},", so they stay",[179,110644,110645,110647,110648,110650],{},[15,110646,109405],{}," is only in ",[15,110649,645],{},", so it stays",[160,110652,110654,980,110656],{"id":110653},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110655,110109],{},[15,110657,1298],{},[20,110659,110660],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110662,110663,1250],{},[15,110664,1298],{},[176,110666,110667,110670],{},[179,110668,110669],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[179,110671,110672],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110674,110675,1250],{},[15,110676,110109],{},[176,110678,110679,110682],{},[179,110680,110681],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[179,110683,110684],{},"removes shared items",[20,110686,267],{},[30,110688,110690],{"className":32,"code":110689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110691,110692,110712,110732,110736,110757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110693,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110695,46],{"class":45},[39,110697,50],{"class":49},[39,110699,54],{"class":53},[39,110701,58],{"class":57},[39,110703,61],{"class":53},[39,110705,64],{"class":57},[39,110707,61],{"class":53},[39,110709,69],{"class":57},[39,110711,72],{"class":53},[39,110713,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110715,78],{"class":45},[39,110717,50],{"class":49},[39,110719,54],{"class":53},[39,110721,307],{"class":57},[39,110723,61],{"class":53},[39,110725,94],{"class":57},[39,110727,61],{"class":53},[39,110729,316],{"class":57},[39,110731,72],{"class":53},[39,110733,110734],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110735,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110737,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,110739,137],{"class":136},[39,110741,124],{"class":53},[39,110743,195],{"class":120},[39,110745,117],{"class":53},[39,110747,2518],{"class":120},[39,110749,124],{"class":53},[39,110751,127],{"class":120},[39,110753,5073],{"class":53},[39,110755,110756],{"class":150},"            # {1, 2}\n",[39,110758,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,110760,137],{"class":136},[39,110762,124],{"class":53},[39,110764,195],{"class":120},[39,110766,117],{"class":53},[39,110768,110199],{"class":120},[39,110770,124],{"class":53},[39,110772,127],{"class":120},[39,110774,5073],{"class":53},[39,110776,110218],{"class":150},[20,110778,18401],{},[176,110780,110781,110788],{},[179,110782,110783,110787],{},[195,110784,110785],{"href":1295},[15,110786,1298],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[179,110789,110790,110792],{},[15,110791,110109],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[160,110794,110796,980,110798],{"id":110795},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110797,110109],{},[15,110799,1291],{},[20,110801,110802,110804],{},[15,110803,1291],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110806,110807,110809],{},[15,110808,110109],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110811,267],{},[30,110813,110815],{"className":32,"code":110814,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110816,110817,110837,110857,110861,110883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110818,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110820,46],{"class":45},[39,110822,50],{"class":49},[39,110824,54],{"class":53},[39,110826,58],{"class":57},[39,110828,61],{"class":53},[39,110830,64],{"class":57},[39,110832,61],{"class":53},[39,110834,69],{"class":57},[39,110836,72],{"class":53},[39,110838,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110840,78],{"class":45},[39,110842,50],{"class":49},[39,110844,54],{"class":53},[39,110846,307],{"class":57},[39,110848,61],{"class":53},[39,110850,94],{"class":57},[39,110852,61],{"class":53},[39,110854,316],{"class":57},[39,110856,72],{"class":53},[39,110858,110859],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110860,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110862,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110874,110876,110878,110880],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,110864,137],{"class":136},[39,110866,124],{"class":53},[39,110868,195],{"class":120},[39,110870,117],{"class":53},[39,110872,110873],{"class":120},"union",[39,110875,124],{"class":53},[39,110877,127],{"class":120},[39,110879,5073],{"class":53},[39,110881,110882],{"class":150},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[39,110884,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,110886,137],{"class":136},[39,110888,124],{"class":53},[39,110890,195],{"class":120},[39,110892,117],{"class":53},[39,110894,110199],{"class":120},[39,110896,124],{"class":53},[39,110898,127],{"class":120},[39,110900,5073],{"class":53},[39,110902,110218],{"class":150},[20,110904,26929],{},[176,110906,110907,110912],{},[179,110908,110909,110911],{},[15,110910,1291],{}," includes everything",[179,110913,110914,110916],{},[15,110915,110109],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110918,18401],{},[176,110920,110921,110928],{},[179,110922,110923,110927],{},[195,110924,110925],{"href":1288},[15,110926,1291],{}," when overlap does not matter",[179,110929,110930,110932],{},[15,110931,110109],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[160,110934,36326,110936,101304],{"id":110935},"using-the-operator",[15,110937,110938],{},"^",[20,110940,110941,110942,110944,110945,117],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110943,110938],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110946,110109],{},[20,110948,267],{},[30,110950,110952],{"className":32,"code":110951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110953,110954,110974,110994,110998,111016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110955,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110957,110305],{"class":45},[39,110959,50],{"class":49},[39,110961,54],{"class":53},[39,110963,58],{"class":57},[39,110965,61],{"class":53},[39,110967,64],{"class":57},[39,110969,61],{"class":53},[39,110971,69],{"class":57},[39,110973,72],{"class":53},[39,110975,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,110977,110326],{"class":45},[39,110979,50],{"class":49},[39,110981,54],{"class":53},[39,110983,307],{"class":57},[39,110985,61],{"class":53},[39,110987,94],{"class":57},[39,110989,61],{"class":53},[39,110991,316],{"class":57},[39,110993,72],{"class":53},[39,110995,110996],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,110997,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,110999,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111001,137],{"class":136},[39,111003,124],{"class":53},[39,111005,212],{"class":120},[39,111007,117],{"class":53},[39,111009,110199],{"class":120},[39,111011,124],{"class":53},[39,111013,221],{"class":120},[39,111015,486],{"class":53},[39,111017,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111029],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111019,137],{"class":136},[39,111021,124],{"class":53},[39,111023,110305],{"class":120},[39,111025,110938],{"class":49},[39,111027,111028],{"class":120}," set2",[39,111030,130],{"class":53},[20,111032,29739],{},[30,111034,111036],{"className":32,"code":111035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111037,111038,111058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111041,363],{"class":53},[39,111043,58],{"class":57},[39,111045,61],{"class":53},[39,111047,64],{"class":57},[39,111049,61],{"class":53},[39,111051,94],{"class":57},[39,111053,61],{"class":53},[39,111055,316],{"class":57},[39,111057,72],{"class":53},[39,111059,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111061,363],{"class":53},[39,111063,58],{"class":57},[39,111065,61],{"class":53},[39,111067,64],{"class":57},[39,111069,61],{"class":53},[39,111071,94],{"class":57},[39,111073,61],{"class":53},[39,111075,316],{"class":57},[39,111077,72],{"class":53},[20,111079,111080],{},"Both forms:",[176,111082,111083,111086],{},[179,111084,111085],{},"return a new set",[179,111087,111088],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111090,111091],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[160,111093,1244],{"id":1243},[20,111095,20919,111096,1250],{},[15,111097,110109],{},[176,111099,111100,111108,111118,111133],{},[179,111101,111102,111105,111107],{},[382,111103,111104],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9561,111106],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[179,111109,111110,111113,111115,111117],{},[382,111111,111112],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9561,111114],{},[15,111116,110109],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[179,111119,111120,111125,111127,111129,111130,111132],{},[382,111121,111122,111123],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111124,1298],{},[9561,111126],{},[15,111128,1298],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111131,110109],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[179,111134,111135,111138,111140],{},[382,111136,111137],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9561,111139],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111142,58581],{},[176,111144,111145,111154,111157,111160],{},[179,111146,50209,111147,44345,111149,111153],{},[15,111148,110109],{},[195,111150,111151],{"href":1288},[15,111152,1291],{}," is actually needed",[179,111155,111156],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[179,111158,111159],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[179,111161,111162],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111164,111165,111166,117],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[195,111167,98796],{"href":1639},[20,111169,62015],{},[30,111171,111173],{"className":32,"code":111172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111174,111175,111185,111195,111213,111227,111241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111176,111177,111179,111181,111183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111178,137],{"class":136},[39,111180,124],{"class":53},[39,111182,212],{"class":120},[39,111184,130],{"class":53},[39,111186,111187,111189,111191,111193],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111188,137],{"class":136},[39,111190,124],{"class":53},[39,111192,221],{"class":120},[39,111194,130],{"class":53},[39,111196,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111198,137],{"class":136},[39,111200,124],{"class":53},[39,111202,212],{"class":120},[39,111204,117],{"class":53},[39,111206,110199],{"class":120},[39,111208,124],{"class":53},[39,111210,221],{"class":120},[39,111212,486],{"class":53},[39,111214,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111216,137],{"class":136},[39,111218,124],{"class":53},[39,111220,110305],{"class":120},[39,111222,110938],{"class":49},[39,111224,111028],{"class":120},[39,111226,130],{"class":53},[39,111228,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111230,137],{"class":136},[39,111232,124],{"class":53},[39,111234,479],{"class":478},[39,111236,124],{"class":53},[39,111238,212],{"class":120},[39,111240,486],{"class":53},[39,111242,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,111244,137],{"class":136},[39,111246,124],{"class":53},[39,111248,479],{"class":478},[39,111250,124],{"class":53},[39,111252,221],{"class":120},[39,111254,486],{"class":53},[160,111256,1563],{"id":1562},[988,111258,1567,111260,1570],{"id":111259},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111261,110109],{},[20,111263,1573],{},[988,111265,4890,111267,4104,111269,2199],{"id":111266},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111268,110109],{},[15,111270,1298],{},[20,111272,111273,111275,111276,111278],{},[15,111274,1298],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111277,110109],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[988,111280,28037,111282,111284],{"id":111281},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111283,110109],{}," with lists?",[20,111286,111287],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111289,267],{},[30,111291,111293],{"className":32,"code":111292,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111294,111295,111315,111335,111339,111366],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111296,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111298,80379],{"class":45},[39,111300,50],{"class":49},[39,111302,3327],{"class":53},[39,111304,58],{"class":57},[39,111306,61],{"class":53},[39,111308,64],{"class":57},[39,111310,61],{"class":53},[39,111312,69],{"class":57},[39,111314,3340],{"class":53},[39,111316,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111318,80400],{"class":45},[39,111320,50],{"class":49},[39,111322,3327],{"class":53},[39,111324,307],{"class":57},[39,111326,61],{"class":53},[39,111328,94],{"class":57},[39,111330,61],{"class":53},[39,111332,316],{"class":57},[39,111334,3340],{"class":53},[39,111336,111337],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111338,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111340,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111342,109],{"class":45},[39,111344,50],{"class":49},[39,111346,15343],{"class":478},[39,111348,124],{"class":53},[39,111350,111351],{"class":120},"list1",[39,111353,8349],{"class":53},[39,111355,110199],{"class":120},[39,111357,124],{"class":53},[39,111359,384],{"class":478},[39,111361,124],{"class":53},[39,111363,80666],{"class":120},[39,111365,486],{"class":53},[39,111367,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111369,137],{"class":136},[39,111371,124],{"class":53},[39,111373,142],{"class":120},[39,111375,130],{"class":53},[20,111377,353],{},[30,111379,111380],{"className":32,"code":110380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,111381,111382],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111383,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111385,363],{"class":53},[39,111387,58],{"class":57},[39,111389,61],{"class":53},[39,111391,64],{"class":57},[39,111393,61],{"class":53},[39,111395,94],{"class":57},[39,111397,61],{"class":53},[39,111399,316],{"class":57},[39,111401,72],{"class":53},[988,111403,111405],{"id":111404},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111407,111408],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[160,111410,1613],{"id":1612},[176,111412,111413,111417,111422,111428,111434],{},[179,111414,111415],{},[195,111416,198],{"href":197},[179,111418,111419],{},[195,111420,111421],{"href":96050},"Creating a set in Python",[179,111423,111424],{},[195,111425,96533,111426,1627],{"href":1295},[15,111427,1298],{},[179,111429,111430],{},[195,111431,96533,111432,1627],{"href":1288},[15,111433,1291],{},[179,111435,111436],{},[195,111437,1640],{"href":1639},[20,111439,111440,111441,1896,111443,16781,111445,111447],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111442,1298],{},[15,111444,1291],{},[15,111446,110109],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1642,111449,56960],{},{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":111451},[111452,111453,111455,111456,111457,111458,111460,111462,111464,111465,111474],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":110224,"depth":75,"text":111454},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":110405,"depth":75,"text":110406},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":110653,"depth":75,"text":111459},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110795,"depth":75,"text":111461},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110935,"depth":75,"text":111463},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":111466},[111467,111469,111471,111473],{"id":111259,"depth":99,"text":111468},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111266,"depth":99,"text":111470},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111281,"depth":99,"text":111472},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111404,"depth":99,"text":111405},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110101,"description":111475},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111482,"title":111483,"body":111484,"description":113547,"extension":1670,"meta":113548,"navigation":102,"path":1288,"seo":113549,"stem":113550,"__hash__":113551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111485,"toc":113506},[111486,111491,111496,111499,111512,111514,111596,111601,111606,111610,111622,111625,111629,111631,111658,111660,111671,111674,111743,111745,111751,111754,111764,111766,111855,111860,111862,111869,111872,111874,111877,111997,111999,112068,112071,112088,112093,112096,112212,112214,112243,112246,112252,112257,112261,112342,112344,112372,112377,112381,112476,112478,112519,112523,112526,112593,112595,112636,112642,112657,112664,112671,112675,112681,112767,112771,112779,112850,112855,112862,112864,112870,112872,112937,112939,112955,112960,112963,113032,113036,113039,113098,113101,113105,113158,113171,113174,113227,113231,113233,113264,113267,113272,113325,113329,113332,113353,113365,113367,113420,113422,113427,113429,113435,113438,113444,113449,113453,113456,113464,113473,113475,113503],[10,111487,13,111489,18],{"id":111488},"python-setunion-method",[15,111490,1626],{},[20,111492,111493,111495],{},[15,111494,1626],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111497,111498],{},"It is useful when you want:",[176,111500,111501,111504,111509],{},[179,111502,111503],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[179,111505,46,111506,111508],{},[382,111507,100480],{}," as the result",[179,111510,111511],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[160,111513,1711],{"id":1710},[30,111515,111517],{"className":32,"code":111516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111518,111519,111539,111559,111563,111581,111591],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111520,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111522,110305],{"class":45},[39,111524,50],{"class":49},[39,111526,54],{"class":53},[39,111528,58],{"class":57},[39,111530,61],{"class":53},[39,111532,64],{"class":57},[39,111534,61],{"class":53},[39,111536,69],{"class":57},[39,111538,72],{"class":53},[39,111540,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111542,110326],{"class":45},[39,111544,50],{"class":49},[39,111546,54],{"class":53},[39,111548,307],{"class":57},[39,111550,61],{"class":53},[39,111552,94],{"class":57},[39,111554,61],{"class":53},[39,111556,316],{"class":57},[39,111558,72],{"class":53},[39,111560,111561],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111562,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111564,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111566,109],{"class":45},[39,111568,50],{"class":49},[39,111570,110355],{"class":45},[39,111572,117],{"class":53},[39,111574,110873],{"class":120},[39,111576,124],{"class":53},[39,111578,221],{"class":120},[39,111580,130],{"class":53},[39,111582,111583,111585,111587,111589],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111584,137],{"class":136},[39,111586,124],{"class":53},[39,111588,142],{"class":120},[39,111590,130],{"class":53},[39,111592,111593],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,111594,111595],{"class":150},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111597,111598,111600],{},[15,111599,1291],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[160,111602,3383,111604,3386],{"id":111603},"what-setunion-does",[15,111605,1626],{},[20,111607,111608,1250],{},[15,111609,1626],{},[176,111611,111612,111615,111618,111620],{},[179,111613,111614],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[179,111616,111617],{},"keeps only unique values",[179,111619,110235],{},[179,111621,110244],{},[20,111623,111624],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111626,193,111627,117],{},[195,111628,198],{"href":97217},[160,111630,202],{"id":201},[30,111632,111634],{"className":32,"code":111633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111635,111636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111637,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654,111656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111639,212],{"class":45},[39,111641,117],{"class":53},[39,111643,110873],{"class":120},[39,111645,124],{"class":53},[39,111647,221],{"class":120},[39,111649,61],{"class":53},[39,111651,248],{"class":120},[39,111653,61],{"class":53},[39,111655,34164],{"class":136},[39,111657,130],{"class":53},[20,111659,174],{},[176,111661,111662,111665,111668],{},[179,111663,111664],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[179,111666,111667],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[179,111669,111670],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111672,111673],{},"Example with two sets:",[30,111675,111677],{"className":32,"code":111676,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111678,111679,111695,111711,111715,111733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111680,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111682,46],{"class":45},[39,111684,50],{"class":49},[39,111686,54],{"class":53},[39,111688,58],{"class":57},[39,111690,61],{"class":53},[39,111692,64],{"class":57},[39,111694,72],{"class":53},[39,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111698,78],{"class":45},[39,111700,50],{"class":49},[39,111702,54],{"class":53},[39,111704,85],{"class":57},[39,111706,61],{"class":53},[39,111708,69],{"class":57},[39,111710,72],{"class":53},[39,111712,111713],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111714,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111716,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727,111729,111731],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111718,109],{"class":45},[39,111720,50],{"class":49},[39,111722,114],{"class":45},[39,111724,117],{"class":53},[39,111726,110873],{"class":120},[39,111728,124],{"class":53},[39,111730,127],{"class":120},[39,111732,130],{"class":53},[39,111734,111735,111737,111739,111741],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111736,137],{"class":136},[39,111738,124],{"class":53},[39,111740,142],{"class":120},[39,111742,130],{"class":53},[160,111744,21678],{"id":21677},[20,111746,111747,100477,111749,117],{},[15,111748,1626],{},[382,111750,100480],{},[20,111752,111753],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[176,111755,111756,111759],{},[179,111757,111758],{},"the original set",[179,111760,111761,111762],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111763,1291],{},[20,111765,267],{},[30,111767,111769],{"className":32,"code":111768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111770,111771,111787,111803,111807,111825,111829,111842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111772,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111774,46],{"class":45},[39,111776,50],{"class":49},[39,111778,54],{"class":53},[39,111780,58],{"class":57},[39,111782,61],{"class":53},[39,111784,64],{"class":57},[39,111786,72],{"class":53},[39,111788,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111790,78],{"class":45},[39,111792,50],{"class":49},[39,111794,54],{"class":53},[39,111796,85],{"class":57},[39,111798,61],{"class":53},[39,111800,69],{"class":57},[39,111802,72],{"class":53},[39,111804,111805],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111806,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111808,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111810,109],{"class":45},[39,111812,50],{"class":49},[39,111814,114],{"class":45},[39,111816,117],{"class":53},[39,111818,110873],{"class":120},[39,111820,124],{"class":53},[39,111822,127],{"class":120},[39,111824,130],{"class":53},[39,111826,111827],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111828,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111830,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,111832,137],{"class":136},[39,111834,124],{"class":53},[39,111836,142],{"class":120},[39,111838,3366],{"class":53},[39,111840,111841],{"class":150},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,111843,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,111845,137],{"class":136},[39,111847,124],{"class":53},[39,111849,195],{"class":120},[39,111851,3366],{"class":53},[39,111853,111854],{"class":150},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111856,1992,111857,111859],{},[15,111858,195],{}," did not change.",[20,111861,110477],{},[176,111863,111864,111866],{},[179,111865,110482],{},[179,111867,111868],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111870,111871],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[160,111873,542],{"id":541},[20,111875,111876],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[30,111878,111880],{"className":32,"code":111879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111881,111882,111915,111948,111952,111972,111976,111986],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111883,111884,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111885,111886],{"class":45},"fruits1 ",[39,111888,50],{"class":49},[39,111890,54],{"class":53},[39,111892,562],{"class":517},[39,111894,3789],{"class":521},[39,111896,562],{"class":517},[39,111898,61],{"class":53},[39,111900,572],{"class":517},[39,111902,3798],{"class":521},[39,111904,562],{"class":517},[39,111906,61],{"class":53},[39,111908,572],{"class":517},[39,111910,32930],{"class":521},[39,111912,562],{"class":517},[39,111914,72],{"class":53},[39,111916,111917,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,111918,111919],{"class":45},"fruits2 ",[39,111921,50],{"class":49},[39,111923,54],{"class":53},[39,111925,562],{"class":517},[39,111927,3798],{"class":521},[39,111929,562],{"class":517},[39,111931,61],{"class":53},[39,111933,572],{"class":517},[39,111935,22239],{"class":521},[39,111937,562],{"class":517},[39,111939,61],{"class":53},[39,111941,572],{"class":517},[39,111943,32930],{"class":521},[39,111945,562],{"class":517},[39,111947,72],{"class":53},[39,111949,111950],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,111951,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111953,111954,111956,111958,111961,111963,111965,111967,111970],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,111955,109],{"class":45},[39,111957,50],{"class":49},[39,111959,111960],{"class":45}," fruits1",[39,111962,117],{"class":53},[39,111964,110873],{"class":120},[39,111966,124],{"class":53},[39,111968,111969],{"class":120},"fruits2",[39,111971,130],{"class":53},[39,111973,111974],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,111975,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,111977,111978,111980,111982,111984],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,111979,137],{"class":136},[39,111981,124],{"class":53},[39,111983,142],{"class":120},[39,111985,130],{"class":53},[39,111987,111988,111990,111992,111995],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,111989,137],{"class":136},[39,111991,124],{"class":53},[39,111993,111994],{"class":120},"fruits1",[39,111996,130],{"class":53},[20,111998,29739],{},[30,112000,112002],{"className":32,"code":112001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112003,112004,112040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112005,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112007,363],{"class":53},[39,112009,524],{"class":517},[39,112011,3798],{"class":521},[39,112013,524],{"class":517},[39,112015,61],{"class":53},[39,112017,518],{"class":517},[39,112019,32930],{"class":521},[39,112021,524],{"class":517},[39,112023,61],{"class":53},[39,112025,518],{"class":517},[39,112027,3789],{"class":521},[39,112029,524],{"class":517},[39,112031,61],{"class":53},[39,112033,518],{"class":517},[39,112035,22239],{"class":521},[39,112037,524],{"class":517},[39,112039,72],{"class":53},[39,112041,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112043,363],{"class":53},[39,112045,524],{"class":517},[39,112047,3798],{"class":521},[39,112049,524],{"class":517},[39,112051,61],{"class":53},[39,112053,518],{"class":517},[39,112055,32930],{"class":521},[39,112057,524],{"class":517},[39,112059,61],{"class":53},[39,112061,518],{"class":517},[39,112063,3789],{"class":521},[39,112065,524],{"class":517},[39,112067,72],{"class":53},[20,112069,112070],{},"What this shows:",[176,112072,112073,112080,112083],{},[179,112074,112075,4104,112077,112079],{},[15,112076,64995],{},[15,112078,65422],{}," appear in both sets",[179,112081,112082],{},"they appear only once in the result",[179,112084,112085,112087],{},[15,112086,111994],{}," stays unchanged",[160,112089,718,112091,721],{"id":112090},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112092,1291],{},[20,112094,112095],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[30,112097,112099],{"className":32,"code":112098,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112100,112101,112117,112133,112150,112167,112171,112198,112202],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112102,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112104,110305],{"class":45},[39,112106,50],{"class":49},[39,112108,54],{"class":53},[39,112110,58],{"class":57},[39,112112,61],{"class":53},[39,112114,64],{"class":57},[39,112116,72],{"class":53},[39,112118,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112120,110326],{"class":45},[39,112122,50],{"class":49},[39,112124,54],{"class":53},[39,112126,85],{"class":57},[39,112128,61],{"class":53},[39,112130,69],{"class":57},[39,112132,72],{"class":53},[39,112134,112135,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112136,112137],{"class":45},"set3 ",[39,112139,50],{"class":49},[39,112141,54],{"class":53},[39,112143,307],{"class":57},[39,112145,61],{"class":53},[39,112147,94],{"class":57},[39,112149,72],{"class":53},[39,112151,112152,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112153,112154],{"class":45},"set4 ",[39,112156,50],{"class":49},[39,112158,54],{"class":53},[39,112160,2212],{"class":57},[39,112162,61],{"class":53},[39,112164,316],{"class":57},[39,112166,72],{"class":53},[39,112168,112169],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112170,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112172,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112196],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,112174,109],{"class":45},[39,112176,50],{"class":49},[39,112178,110355],{"class":45},[39,112180,117],{"class":53},[39,112182,110873],{"class":120},[39,112184,124],{"class":53},[39,112186,221],{"class":120},[39,112188,61],{"class":53},[39,112190,248],{"class":120},[39,112192,61],{"class":53},[39,112194,112195],{"class":120}," set4",[39,112197,130],{"class":53},[39,112199,112200],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,112201,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112203,112204,112206,112208,112210],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,112205,137],{"class":136},[39,112207,124],{"class":53},[39,112209,142],{"class":120},[39,112211,130],{"class":53},[20,112213,29739],{},[30,112215,112217],{"className":32,"code":112216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112218,112219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112220,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112222,363],{"class":53},[39,112224,58],{"class":57},[39,112226,61],{"class":53},[39,112228,64],{"class":57},[39,112230,61],{"class":53},[39,112232,69],{"class":57},[39,112234,61],{"class":53},[39,112236,94],{"class":57},[39,112238,61],{"class":53},[39,112240,316],{"class":57},[39,112242,72],{"class":53},[20,112244,112245],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[160,112247,718,112249,112251],{"id":112248},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112250,1291],{}," with other iterables",[20,112253,112254,112256],{},[15,112255,1291],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[988,112258,112260],{"id":112259},"with-a-list","With a list",[30,112262,112264],{"className":32,"code":112263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112265,112266,112286,112310,112314,112332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112269,1379],{"class":45},[39,112271,50],{"class":49},[39,112273,54],{"class":53},[39,112275,58],{"class":57},[39,112277,61],{"class":53},[39,112279,64],{"class":57},[39,112281,61],{"class":53},[39,112283,69],{"class":57},[39,112285,72],{"class":53},[39,112287,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112289,60767],{"class":45},[39,112291,50],{"class":49},[39,112293,3327],{"class":53},[39,112295,307],{"class":57},[39,112297,61],{"class":53},[39,112299,94],{"class":57},[39,112301,61],{"class":53},[39,112303,316],{"class":57},[39,112305,61],{"class":53},[39,112307,316],{"class":57},[39,112309,3340],{"class":53},[39,112311,112312],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112313,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112315,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112317,109],{"class":45},[39,112319,50],{"class":49},[39,112321,1433],{"class":45},[39,112323,117],{"class":53},[39,112325,110873],{"class":120},[39,112327,124],{"class":53},[39,112329,60796],{"class":120},[39,112331,130],{"class":53},[39,112333,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112335,137],{"class":136},[39,112337,124],{"class":53},[39,112339,142],{"class":120},[39,112341,130],{"class":53},[20,112343,29739],{},[30,112345,112346],{"className":32,"code":112216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112347,112348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112349,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112351,363],{"class":53},[39,112353,58],{"class":57},[39,112355,61],{"class":53},[39,112357,64],{"class":57},[39,112359,61],{"class":53},[39,112361,69],{"class":57},[39,112363,61],{"class":53},[39,112365,94],{"class":57},[39,112367,61],{"class":53},[39,112369,316],{"class":57},[39,112371,72],{"class":53},[20,112373,20685,112374,112376],{},[15,112375,1843],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[988,112378,112380],{"id":112379},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[30,112382,112384],{"className":32,"code":112383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112385,112386,112410,112443,112447,112466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112389,35803],{"class":45},[39,112391,50],{"class":49},[39,112393,54],{"class":53},[39,112395,562],{"class":517},[39,112397,195],{"class":521},[39,112399,562],{"class":517},[39,112401,61],{"class":53},[39,112403,572],{"class":517},[39,112405,127],{"class":521},[39,112407,562],{"class":517},[39,112409,72],{"class":53},[39,112411,112412,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112413,112414],{"class":45},"more_letters ",[39,112416,50],{"class":49},[39,112418,933],{"class":53},[39,112420,562],{"class":517},[39,112422,127],{"class":521},[39,112424,562],{"class":517},[39,112426,61],{"class":53},[39,112428,572],{"class":517},[39,112430,9454],{"class":521},[39,112432,562],{"class":517},[39,112434,61],{"class":53},[39,112436,572],{"class":517},[39,112438,18474],{"class":521},[39,112440,562],{"class":517},[39,112442,130],{"class":53},[39,112444,112445],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112446,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112448,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112464],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112450,109],{"class":45},[39,112452,50],{"class":49},[39,112454,69817],{"class":45},[39,112456,117],{"class":53},[39,112458,110873],{"class":120},[39,112460,124],{"class":53},[39,112462,112463],{"class":120},"more_letters",[39,112465,130],{"class":53},[39,112467,112468,112470,112472,112474],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112469,137],{"class":136},[39,112471,124],{"class":53},[39,112473,142],{"class":120},[39,112475,130],{"class":53},[20,112477,29739],{},[30,112479,112481],{"className":32,"code":112480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112482,112483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112486,363],{"class":53},[39,112488,524],{"class":517},[39,112490,195],{"class":521},[39,112492,524],{"class":517},[39,112494,61],{"class":53},[39,112496,518],{"class":517},[39,112498,127],{"class":521},[39,112500,524],{"class":517},[39,112502,61],{"class":53},[39,112504,518],{"class":517},[39,112506,9454],{"class":521},[39,112508,524],{"class":517},[39,112510,61],{"class":53},[39,112512,518],{"class":517},[39,112514,18474],{"class":521},[39,112516,524],{"class":517},[39,112518,72],{"class":53},[988,112520,112522],{"id":112521},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112524,112525],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[30,112527,112529],{"className":32,"code":112528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112530,112531,112556,112579,112583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112532,112533,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112534,112535],{"class":45},"chars ",[39,112537,50],{"class":49},[39,112539,54],{"class":53},[39,112541,562],{"class":517},[39,112543,195],{"class":521},[39,112545,562],{"class":517},[39,112547,61],{"class":53},[39,112549,572],{"class":517},[39,112551,127],{"class":521},[39,112553,562],{"class":517},[39,112555,72],{"class":53},[39,112557,112558,112560,112562,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112559,109],{"class":45},[39,112561,50],{"class":49},[39,112563,112564],{"class":45}," chars",[39,112566,117],{"class":53},[39,112568,110873],{"class":120},[39,112570,124],{"class":53},[39,112572,562],{"class":517},[39,112574,36761],{"class":521},[39,112576,562],{"class":517},[39,112578,130],{"class":53},[39,112580,112581],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112582,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112584,112585,112587,112589,112591],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112586,137],{"class":136},[39,112588,124],{"class":53},[39,112590,142],{"class":120},[39,112592,130],{"class":53},[20,112594,29739],{},[30,112596,112598],{"className":32,"code":112597,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112599,112600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112601,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112603,363],{"class":53},[39,112605,524],{"class":517},[39,112607,195],{"class":521},[39,112609,524],{"class":517},[39,112611,61],{"class":53},[39,112613,518],{"class":517},[39,112615,127],{"class":521},[39,112617,524],{"class":517},[39,112619,61],{"class":53},[39,112621,518],{"class":517},[39,112623,9454],{"class":521},[39,112625,524],{"class":517},[39,112627,61],{"class":53},[39,112629,518],{"class":517},[39,112631,63007],{"class":521},[39,112633,524],{"class":517},[39,112635,72],{"class":53},[20,112637,21896,112638,112641],{},[15,112639,112640],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[176,112643,112644,112648,112652],{},[179,112645,112646],{},[15,112647,66202],{},[179,112649,112650],{},[15,112651,17802],{},[179,112653,112654],{},[15,112655,112656],{},"\"t\"",[160,112658,112660,980,112662],{"id":112659},"union-vs-update",[15,112661,1291],{},[15,112663,14663],{},[20,112665,112666,4104,112668,112670],{},[15,112667,1291],{},[15,112669,14663],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[988,112672,112673],{"id":110873},[15,112674,1291],{},[176,112676,112677,112679],{},[179,112678,110235],{},[179,112680,110244],{},[30,112682,112683],{"className":32,"code":111768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112684,112685,112701,112717,112721,112739,112743,112755],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112686,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112688,46],{"class":45},[39,112690,50],{"class":49},[39,112692,54],{"class":53},[39,112694,58],{"class":57},[39,112696,61],{"class":53},[39,112698,64],{"class":57},[39,112700,72],{"class":53},[39,112702,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112704,78],{"class":45},[39,112706,50],{"class":49},[39,112708,54],{"class":53},[39,112710,85],{"class":57},[39,112712,61],{"class":53},[39,112714,69],{"class":57},[39,112716,72],{"class":53},[39,112718,112719],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112720,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112722,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112724,109],{"class":45},[39,112726,50],{"class":49},[39,112728,114],{"class":45},[39,112730,117],{"class":53},[39,112732,110873],{"class":120},[39,112734,124],{"class":53},[39,112736,127],{"class":120},[39,112738,130],{"class":53},[39,112740,112741],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112742,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,112746,137],{"class":136},[39,112748,124],{"class":53},[39,112750,142],{"class":120},[39,112752,3366],{"class":53},[39,112754,111841],{"class":150},[39,112756,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,112758,137],{"class":136},[39,112760,124],{"class":53},[39,112762,195],{"class":120},[39,112764,3366],{"class":53},[39,112766,111854],{"class":150},[988,112768,112769],{"id":30173},[15,112770,14663],{},[176,112772,112773,112776],{},[179,112774,112775],{},"changes the existing set in place",[179,112777,112778],{},"does not create a separate result set",[30,112780,112782],{"className":32,"code":112781,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112783,112784,112800,112816,112820,112834,112838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112785,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112787,46],{"class":45},[39,112789,50],{"class":49},[39,112791,54],{"class":53},[39,112793,58],{"class":57},[39,112795,61],{"class":53},[39,112797,64],{"class":57},[39,112799,72],{"class":53},[39,112801,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112803,78],{"class":45},[39,112805,50],{"class":49},[39,112807,54],{"class":53},[39,112809,85],{"class":57},[39,112811,61],{"class":53},[39,112813,69],{"class":57},[39,112815,72],{"class":53},[39,112817,112818],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112819,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112821,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112823,195],{"class":45},[39,112825,117],{"class":53},[39,112827,30173],{"class":120},[39,112829,124],{"class":53},[39,112831,127],{"class":120},[39,112833,130],{"class":53},[39,112835,112836],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112837,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112839,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,112841,137],{"class":136},[39,112843,124],{"class":53},[39,112845,195],{"class":120},[39,112847,3366],{"class":53},[39,112849,111841],{"class":150},[20,112851,154,112852,112854],{},[15,112853,1291],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112856,112857,112858,117],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[195,112859,13,112860,1627],{"href":98237},[15,112861,97033],{},[160,112863,1244],{"id":1243},[988,112865,8170,112867,112869],{"id":112866},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112868,1291],{}," to change the original set",[20,112871,81548],{},[30,112873,112875],{"className":32,"code":112874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112876,112877,112893,112909,112913,112927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112878,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112880,46],{"class":45},[39,112882,50],{"class":49},[39,112884,54],{"class":53},[39,112886,58],{"class":57},[39,112888,61],{"class":53},[39,112890,64],{"class":57},[39,112892,72],{"class":53},[39,112894,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112896,78],{"class":45},[39,112898,50],{"class":49},[39,112900,54],{"class":53},[39,112902,85],{"class":57},[39,112904,61],{"class":53},[39,112906,69],{"class":57},[39,112908,72],{"class":53},[39,112910,112911],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,112912,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,112914,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,112916,195],{"class":45},[39,112918,117],{"class":53},[39,112920,110873],{"class":120},[39,112922,124],{"class":53},[39,112924,127],{"class":120},[39,112926,130],{"class":53},[39,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,112930,137],{"class":136},[39,112932,124],{"class":53},[39,112934,195],{"class":120},[39,112936,130],{"class":53},[20,112938,353],{},[30,112940,112941],{"className":32,"code":100222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112942,112943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112946,363],{"class":53},[39,112948,58],{"class":57},[39,112950,61],{"class":53},[39,112952,64],{"class":57},[39,112954,72],{"class":53},[20,112956,8213,112957,112959],{},[15,112958,1291],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112961,112962],{},"Fix it like this:",[30,112964,112966],{"className":32,"code":112965,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112967,112968,112984,113000,113004,113022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112969,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112971,46],{"class":45},[39,112973,50],{"class":49},[39,112975,54],{"class":53},[39,112977,58],{"class":57},[39,112979,61],{"class":53},[39,112981,64],{"class":57},[39,112983,72],{"class":53},[39,112985,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996,112998],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,112987,78],{"class":45},[39,112989,50],{"class":49},[39,112991,54],{"class":53},[39,112993,85],{"class":57},[39,112995,61],{"class":53},[39,112997,69],{"class":57},[39,112999,72],{"class":53},[39,113001,113002],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113003,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,113005,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113007,46],{"class":45},[39,113009,50],{"class":49},[39,113011,114],{"class":45},[39,113013,117],{"class":53},[39,113015,110873],{"class":120},[39,113017,124],{"class":53},[39,113019,127],{"class":120},[39,113021,130],{"class":53},[39,113023,113024,113026,113028,113030],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,113025,137],{"class":136},[39,113027,124],{"class":53},[39,113029,195],{"class":120},[39,113031,130],{"class":53},[988,113033,113035],{"id":113034},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113037,113038],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[30,113040,113042],{"className":32,"code":113041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113043,113044,113060,113076,113080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113045,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113047,46],{"class":45},[39,113049,50],{"class":49},[39,113051,54],{"class":53},[39,113053,307],{"class":57},[39,113055,61],{"class":53},[39,113057,5210],{"class":57},[39,113059,72],{"class":53},[39,113061,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113063,78],{"class":45},[39,113065,50],{"class":49},[39,113067,54],{"class":53},[39,113069,85],{"class":57},[39,113071,61],{"class":53},[39,113073,94],{"class":57},[39,113075,72],{"class":53},[39,113077,113078],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113079,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,113081,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113083,137],{"class":136},[39,113085,124],{"class":53},[39,113087,195],{"class":120},[39,113089,117],{"class":53},[39,113091,110873],{"class":120},[39,113093,124],{"class":53},[39,113095,127],{"class":120},[39,113097,486],{"class":53},[20,113099,113100],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[988,113102,113104],{"id":113103},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[30,113106,113108],{"className":32,"code":113107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113109,113110,113126,113148],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113111,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113113,3780],{"class":45},[39,113115,50],{"class":49},[39,113117,54],{"class":53},[39,113119,562],{"class":517},[39,113121,57846],{"class":521},[39,113123,562],{"class":517},[39,113125,72],{"class":53},[39,113127,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113129,109],{"class":45},[39,113131,50],{"class":49},[39,113133,5882],{"class":45},[39,113135,117],{"class":53},[39,113137,110873],{"class":120},[39,113139,124],{"class":53},[39,113141,562],{"class":517},[39,113143,36761],{"class":521},[39,113145,562],{"class":517},[39,113147,130],{"class":53},[39,113149,113150,113152,113154,113156],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113151,137],{"class":136},[39,113153,124],{"class":53},[39,113155,142],{"class":120},[39,113157,130],{"class":53},[20,113159,113160,113161,1896,113163,16781,113165,113167,113168,113170],{},"This adds ",[15,113162,66202],{},[15,113164,17802],{},[15,113166,112656],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113169,112640],{}," as one item.",[20,113172,113173],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[30,113175,113177],{"className":32,"code":113176,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113178,113179,113195,113217],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113180,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113182,3780],{"class":45},[39,113184,50],{"class":49},[39,113186,54],{"class":53},[39,113188,562],{"class":517},[39,113190,57846],{"class":521},[39,113192,562],{"class":517},[39,113194,72],{"class":53},[39,113196,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113198,109],{"class":45},[39,113200,50],{"class":49},[39,113202,5882],{"class":45},[39,113204,117],{"class":53},[39,113206,110873],{"class":120},[39,113208,917],{"class":53},[39,113210,562],{"class":517},[39,113212,36761],{"class":521},[39,113214,562],{"class":517},[39,113216,3597],{"class":53},[39,113218,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113220,137],{"class":136},[39,113222,124],{"class":53},[39,113224,142],{"class":120},[39,113226,130],{"class":53},[988,113228,113230],{"id":113229},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113232,2544],{},[30,113234,113236],{"className":32,"code":113235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113237,113238],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113241,15338],{"class":45},[39,113243,50],{"class":49},[39,113245,54],{"class":53},[39,113247,58],{"class":57},[39,113249,61],{"class":53},[39,113251,64],{"class":57},[39,113253,61],{"class":53},[39,113255,3327],{"class":53},[39,113257,307],{"class":57},[39,113259,61],{"class":53},[39,113261,94],{"class":57},[39,113263,13415],{"class":53},[20,113265,113266],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113268,113269,113270,1250],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113271,1291],{},[30,113273,113275],{"className":32,"code":113274,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113276,113277,113293,113315],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113278,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113280,15338],{"class":45},[39,113282,50],{"class":49},[39,113284,54],{"class":53},[39,113286,58],{"class":57},[39,113288,61],{"class":53},[39,113290,64],{"class":57},[39,113292,72],{"class":53},[39,113294,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113296,109],{"class":45},[39,113298,50],{"class":49},[39,113300,96643],{"class":45},[39,113302,117],{"class":53},[39,113304,110873],{"class":120},[39,113306,917],{"class":53},[39,113308,307],{"class":57},[39,113310,61],{"class":53},[39,113312,94],{"class":57},[39,113314,3597],{"class":53},[39,113316,113317,113319,113321,113323],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113318,137],{"class":136},[39,113320,124],{"class":53},[39,113322,142],{"class":120},[39,113324,130],{"class":53},[160,113326,113328],{"id":113327},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113330,113331],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[176,113333,113334,113340,113347,113350],{},[179,113335,113336,113337,113339],{},"call ",[15,113338,1291],{}," without saving the returned set",[179,113341,113342,113343,1285,113345],{},"confuse ",[15,113344,1291],{},[15,113346,14663],{},[179,113348,113349],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[179,113351,113352],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113354,113355,113356,4104,113360,117],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[195,113357,13,113358,1627],{"href":102492},[15,113359,17],{},[195,113361,13,113363,1627],{"href":113362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113364,1634],{},[20,113366,62015],{},[30,113368,113370],{"className":32,"code":113369,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113371,113372,113382,113396,113406],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113373,113374,113376,113378,113380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113375,137],{"class":136},[39,113377,124],{"class":53},[39,113379,1318],{"class":120},[39,113381,130],{"class":53},[39,113383,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113385,137],{"class":136},[39,113387,124],{"class":53},[39,113389,479],{"class":478},[39,113391,124],{"class":53},[39,113393,1318],{"class":120},[39,113395,486],{"class":53},[39,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113399,137],{"class":136},[39,113401,124],{"class":53},[39,113403,142],{"class":120},[39,113405,130],{"class":53},[39,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113409,31861],{"class":136},[39,113411,124],{"class":53},[39,113413,384],{"class":478},[39,113415,117],{"class":53},[39,113417,110873],{"class":24457},[39,113419,130],{"class":53},[160,113421,1563],{"id":1562},[988,113423,1567,113425,1570],{"id":113424},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113426,1626],{},[20,113428,1573],{},[988,113430,1577,113432,113434],{"id":113431},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113433,1291],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113436,113437],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[988,113439,28037,113441,113443],{"id":113440},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113442,1291],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113445,41867,113446,113448],{},[15,113447,1291],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[988,113450,113452],{"id":113451},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113454,113455],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[988,113457,4890,113459,4104,113461,2199],{"id":113458},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113460,1291],{},[15,113462,113463],{},"|",[20,113465,113466,113467,113469,113470,113472],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113468,113463],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113471,1291],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[160,113474,1613],{"id":1612},[176,113476,113477,113481,113487,113493,113499],{},[179,113478,113479],{},[195,113480,198],{"href":97217},[179,113482,113483],{},[195,113484,13,113485,1627],{"href":98237},[15,113486,97033],{},[179,113488,113489],{},[195,113490,13,113491,1627],{"href":102492},[15,113492,17],{},[179,113494,113495],{},[195,113496,13,113497,1627],{"href":113362},[15,113498,1634],{},[179,113500,113501],{},[195,113502,1640],{"href":98795},[1642,113504,113505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":113507},[113508,113509,113511,113512,113513,113514,113516,113522,113527,113534,113535,113546],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":111603,"depth":75,"text":113510},"What set.union() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":21677,"depth":75,"text":21678},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":112090,"depth":75,"text":113515},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112248,"depth":75,"text":113517,"children":113518},"Using union() with other iterables",[113519,113520,113521],{"id":112259,"depth":99,"text":112260},{"id":112379,"depth":99,"text":112380},{"id":112521,"depth":99,"text":112522},{"id":112659,"depth":75,"text":113523,"children":113524},"union() vs update()",[113525,113526],{"id":110873,"depth":99,"text":1291},{"id":30173,"depth":99,"text":14663},{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":113528},[113529,113531,113532,113533],{"id":112866,"depth":99,"text":113530},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113034,"depth":99,"text":113035},{"id":113103,"depth":99,"text":113104},{"id":113229,"depth":99,"text":113230},{"id":113327,"depth":75,"text":113328},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":113536},[113537,113539,113541,113543,113544],{"id":113424,"depth":99,"text":113538},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113431,"depth":99,"text":113540},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113440,"depth":99,"text":113542},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113451,"depth":99,"text":113452},{"id":113458,"depth":99,"text":113545},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111483,"description":113547},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113553,"title":113554,"body":113555,"description":115444,"extension":1670,"meta":115445,"navigation":102,"path":96532,"seo":115446,"stem":115447,"__hash__":115448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113556,"toc":115410},[113557,113562,113567,113575,113577,113635,113640,113645,113649,113661,113664,113738,113743,113745,113747,113766,113768,113785,113788,113815,113817,113887,113891,113893,113899,113901,113962,113967,113969,114026,114030,114035,114100,114102,114122,114129,114133,114138,114223,114226,114233,114336,114340,114345,114403,114406,114417,114431,114438,114496,114503,114506,114516,114520,114578,114582,114648,114651,114709,114716,114723,114726,114730,114739,114808,114812,114818,114906,114916,114920,114924,114928,114931,114992,114997,115054,115058,115060,115095,115102,115104,115158,115165,115169,115172,115237,115246,115252,115309,115311,115316,115320,115324,115327,115334,115342,115346,115351,115355,115361,115363,115398,115407],[10,113558,95922,113560,18],{"id":113559},"python-set-update-method",[15,113561,14663],{},[20,113563,113564,113566],{},[15,113565,97033],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113568,113569,113570,113574],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[195,113571,113572],{"href":98218},[15,113573,95930],{},", which adds only one item.",[160,113576,3313],{"id":3312},[30,113578,113580],{"className":32,"code":113579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113581,113582,113598,113620,113630],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113583,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113585,1379],{"class":45},[39,113587,50],{"class":49},[39,113589,54],{"class":53},[39,113591,58],{"class":57},[39,113593,61],{"class":53},[39,113595,64],{"class":57},[39,113597,72],{"class":53},[39,113599,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113601,1457],{"class":45},[39,113603,117],{"class":53},[39,113605,30173],{"class":120},[39,113607,917],{"class":53},[39,113609,85],{"class":57},[39,113611,61],{"class":53},[39,113613,69],{"class":57},[39,113615,61],{"class":53},[39,113617,94],{"class":57},[39,113619,3597],{"class":53},[39,113621,113622,113624,113626,113628],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113623,137],{"class":136},[39,113625,124],{"class":53},[39,113627,1457],{"class":120},[39,113629,130],{"class":53},[39,113631,113632],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113633,113634],{"class":150},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113636,154,113637,113639],{},[15,113638,14663],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[160,113641,3383,113643,3386],{"id":113642},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113644,97033],{},[20,113646,113647,1250],{},[15,113648,97033],{},[176,113650,113651,113654,113656,113659],{},[179,113652,113653],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[179,113655,96037],{},[179,113657,113658],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[179,113660,96040],{},[20,113662,113663],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[30,113665,113667],{"className":32,"code":113666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113668,113669,113693,113719,113723,113733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113670,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113672,12786],{"class":45},[39,113674,50],{"class":49},[39,113676,54],{"class":53},[39,113678,562],{"class":517},[39,113680,565],{"class":521},[39,113682,562],{"class":517},[39,113684,61],{"class":53},[39,113686,572],{"class":517},[39,113688,575],{"class":521},[39,113690,562],{"class":517},[39,113692,72],{"class":53},[39,113694,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113696,17209],{"class":45},[39,113698,117],{"class":53},[39,113700,30173],{"class":120},[39,113702,917],{"class":53},[39,113704,562],{"class":517},[39,113706,575],{"class":521},[39,113708,562],{"class":517},[39,113710,61],{"class":53},[39,113712,572],{"class":517},[39,113714,584],{"class":521},[39,113716,562],{"class":517},[39,113718,3597],{"class":53},[39,113720,113721],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113722,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,113724,113725,113727,113729,113731],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113726,137],{"class":136},[39,113728,124],{"class":53},[39,113730,17209],{"class":120},[39,113732,130],{"class":53},[39,113734,113735],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,113736,113737],{"class":150},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113739,20685,113740,113742],{},[15,113741,110638],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[160,113744,202],{"id":201},[20,113746,6931],{},[30,113748,113750],{"className":32,"code":113749,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113751,113752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113755,1318],{"class":45},[39,113757,117],{"class":53},[39,113759,30173],{"class":120},[39,113761,124],{"class":53},[39,113763,3426],{"class":120},[39,113765,130],{"class":53},[20,113767,79924],{},[176,113769,113770,113773,113776,113779,113782],{},[179,113771,113772],{},"A list",[179,113774,113775],{},"A tuple",[179,113777,113778],{},"Another set",[179,113780,113781],{},"A string",[179,113783,113784],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113786,113787],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[30,113789,113791],{"className":32,"code":113790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113792,113793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113794,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113796,1318],{"class":45},[39,113798,117],{"class":53},[39,113800,30173],{"class":120},[39,113802,124],{"class":53},[39,113804,195],{"class":120},[39,113806,61],{"class":53},[39,113808,2266],{"class":120},[39,113810,61],{"class":53},[39,113812,833],{"class":120},[39,113814,130],{"class":53},[20,113816,267],{},[30,113818,113820],{"className":32,"code":113819,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113821,113822,113834,113868,113872,113882],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113823,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113825,3529],{"class":45},[39,113827,50],{"class":49},[39,113829,54],{"class":53},[39,113831,58],{"class":57},[39,113833,72],{"class":53},[39,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113837,5070],{"class":45},[39,113839,117],{"class":53},[39,113841,30173],{"class":120},[39,113843,917],{"class":53},[39,113845,85],{"class":57},[39,113847,61],{"class":53},[39,113849,69],{"class":57},[39,113851,930],{"class":53},[39,113853,933],{"class":53},[39,113855,2212],{"class":57},[39,113857,61],{"class":53},[39,113859,316],{"class":57},[39,113861,8951],{"class":53},[39,113863,54],{"class":53},[39,113865,80315],{"class":57},[39,113867,30205],{"class":53},[39,113869,113870],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113871,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,113873,113874,113876,113878,113880],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113875,137],{"class":136},[39,113877,124],{"class":53},[39,113879,5070],{"class":120},[39,113881,130],{"class":53},[39,113883,113884],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,113885,113886],{"class":150},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113888,193,113889,117],{},[195,113890,96051],{"href":97601},[160,113892,21678],{"id":21677},[20,113894,113895,2104,113897,117],{},[15,113896,97033],{},[15,113898,3484],{},[20,113900,11426],{},[30,113902,113904],{"className":32,"code":113903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113905,113906,113922,113944,113948,113958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113907,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113909,1379],{"class":45},[39,113911,50],{"class":49},[39,113913,54],{"class":53},[39,113915,58],{"class":57},[39,113917,61],{"class":53},[39,113919,64],{"class":57},[39,113921,72],{"class":53},[39,113923,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113925,109],{"class":45},[39,113927,50],{"class":49},[39,113929,1433],{"class":45},[39,113931,117],{"class":53},[39,113933,30173],{"class":120},[39,113935,917],{"class":53},[39,113937,307],{"class":57},[39,113939,61],{"class":53},[39,113941,94],{"class":57},[39,113943,3597],{"class":53},[39,113945,113946],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,113947,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,113949,113950,113952,113954,113956],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,113951,137],{"class":136},[39,113953,124],{"class":53},[39,113955,142],{"class":120},[39,113957,130],{"class":53},[39,113959,113960],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,113961,61551],{"class":150},[20,113963,113964,113965,117],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113966,142],{},[20,113968,18675],{},[30,113970,113972],{"className":32,"code":113971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113973,113974,113990,114008,114012,114022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113975,113976,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113977,1379],{"class":45},[39,113979,50],{"class":49},[39,113981,54],{"class":53},[39,113983,58],{"class":57},[39,113985,61],{"class":53},[39,113987,64],{"class":57},[39,113989,72],{"class":53},[39,113991,113992,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,113993,1457],{"class":45},[39,113995,117],{"class":53},[39,113997,30173],{"class":120},[39,113999,917],{"class":53},[39,114001,307],{"class":57},[39,114003,61],{"class":53},[39,114005,94],{"class":57},[39,114007,3597],{"class":53},[39,114009,114010],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114011,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114013,114014,114016,114018,114020],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114015,137],{"class":136},[39,114017,124],{"class":53},[39,114019,1457],{"class":120},[39,114021,130],{"class":53},[39,114023,114024],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114025,113634],{"class":150},[160,114027,114029],{"id":114028},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114031,114032,114033,117],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114034,14663],{},[30,114036,114038],{"className":32,"code":114037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114039,114040,114056,114082,114086,114096],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114043,1379],{"class":45},[39,114045,50],{"class":49},[39,114047,54],{"class":53},[39,114049,58],{"class":57},[39,114051,61],{"class":53},[39,114053,64],{"class":57},[39,114055,72],{"class":53},[39,114057,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114059,1457],{"class":45},[39,114061,117],{"class":53},[39,114063,30173],{"class":120},[39,114065,917],{"class":53},[39,114067,85],{"class":57},[39,114069,61],{"class":53},[39,114071,69],{"class":57},[39,114073,61],{"class":53},[39,114075,94],{"class":57},[39,114077,61],{"class":53},[39,114079,94],{"class":57},[39,114081,3597],{"class":53},[39,114083,114084],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114085,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114087,114088,114090,114092,114094],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114089,137],{"class":136},[39,114091,124],{"class":53},[39,114093,1457],{"class":120},[39,114095,130],{"class":53},[39,114097,114098],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114099,113634],{"class":150},[20,114101,692],{},[176,114103,114104,114109,114116],{},[179,114105,114106,114108],{},[15,114107,85],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[179,114110,114111,4104,114113,114115],{},[15,114112,307],{},[15,114114,2212],{}," are added",[179,114117,114118,114119,114121],{},"The second ",[15,114120,2212],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114123,114124,114125,114128],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[195,114126,114127],{"href":98795},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[160,114130,114132],{"id":114131},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114134,7477,114135,114137],{},[15,114136,14663],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[30,114139,114141],{"className":32,"code":114140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114142,114143,114164,114185,114189,114205,114209,114219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114144,114145,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114146,114147],{"class":45},"set_a ",[39,114149,50],{"class":49},[39,114151,54],{"class":53},[39,114153,58],{"class":57},[39,114155,61],{"class":53},[39,114157,64],{"class":57},[39,114159,61],{"class":53},[39,114161,69],{"class":57},[39,114163,72],{"class":53},[39,114165,114166,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114167,114168],{"class":45},"set_b ",[39,114170,50],{"class":49},[39,114172,54],{"class":53},[39,114174,307],{"class":57},[39,114176,61],{"class":53},[39,114178,94],{"class":57},[39,114180,61],{"class":53},[39,114182,316],{"class":57},[39,114184,72],{"class":53},[39,114186,114187],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114188,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114190,114191,114194,114196,114198,114200,114203],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114192,114193],{"class":45},"set_a",[39,114195,117],{"class":53},[39,114197,30173],{"class":120},[39,114199,124],{"class":53},[39,114201,114202],{"class":120},"set_b",[39,114204,130],{"class":53},[39,114206,114207],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114208,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114210,114211,114213,114215,114217],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,114212,137],{"class":136},[39,114214,124],{"class":53},[39,114216,114193],{"class":120},[39,114218,130],{"class":53},[39,114220,114221],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,114222,111595],{"class":150},[20,114224,114225],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114227,114228,114229,117],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[195,114230,114231],{"href":102499},[15,114232,1626],{},[30,114234,114236],{"className":32,"code":114235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114237,114238,114258,114278,114282,114302,114306,114317,114321,114331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114239,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114241,114147],{"class":45},[39,114243,50],{"class":49},[39,114245,54],{"class":53},[39,114247,58],{"class":57},[39,114249,61],{"class":53},[39,114251,64],{"class":57},[39,114253,61],{"class":53},[39,114255,69],{"class":57},[39,114257,72],{"class":53},[39,114259,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114261,114168],{"class":45},[39,114263,50],{"class":49},[39,114265,54],{"class":53},[39,114267,307],{"class":57},[39,114269,61],{"class":53},[39,114271,94],{"class":57},[39,114273,61],{"class":53},[39,114275,316],{"class":57},[39,114277,72],{"class":53},[39,114279,114280],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114281,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114283,114284,114287,114289,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114285,114286],{"class":45},"combined ",[39,114288,50],{"class":49},[39,114290,114291],{"class":45}," set_a",[39,114293,117],{"class":53},[39,114295,110873],{"class":120},[39,114297,124],{"class":53},[39,114299,114202],{"class":120},[39,114301,130],{"class":53},[39,114303,114304],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114305,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114307,114308,114310,114312,114315],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,114309,137],{"class":136},[39,114311,124],{"class":53},[39,114313,114314],{"class":120},"combined",[39,114316,130],{"class":53},[39,114318,114319],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,114320,111595],{"class":150},[39,114322,114323,114325,114327,114329],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,114324,137],{"class":136},[39,114326,124],{"class":53},[39,114328,114193],{"class":120},[39,114330,130],{"class":53},[39,114332,114333],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,114334,114335],{"class":150},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[160,114337,114339],{"id":114338},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114341,64460,114342,114344],{},[15,114343,14663],{}," adds each character separately.",[30,114346,114348],{"className":32,"code":114347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114349,114350,114366,114384,114388,114398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114351,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114353,35803],{"class":45},[39,114355,50],{"class":49},[39,114357,54],{"class":53},[39,114359,562],{"class":517},[39,114361,1880],{"class":521},[39,114363,562],{"class":517},[39,114365,72],{"class":53},[39,114367,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114369,35856],{"class":45},[39,114371,117],{"class":53},[39,114373,30173],{"class":120},[39,114375,124],{"class":53},[39,114377,562],{"class":517},[39,114379,36761],{"class":521},[39,114381,562],{"class":517},[39,114383,130],{"class":53},[39,114385,114386],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114387,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114389,114390,114392,114394,114396],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114391,137],{"class":136},[39,114393,124],{"class":53},[39,114395,35856],{"class":120},[39,114397,130],{"class":53},[39,114399,114400],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114401,114402],{"class":150},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114404,114405],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114407,114408,13763,114411,114413,114414,114416],{},[15,114409,114410],{},"update(\"cat\")",[382,114412,4340],{}," add ",[15,114415,112640],{}," as one item. It adds:",[176,114418,114419,114423,114427],{},[179,114420,114421],{},[15,114422,66202],{},[179,114424,114425],{},[15,114426,17802],{},[179,114428,114429],{},[15,114430,112656],{},[20,114432,114433,114434,1250],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[195,114435,114436],{"href":98218},[15,114437,95930],{},[30,114439,114441],{"className":32,"code":114440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114442,114443,114459,114477,114481,114491],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114446,3780],{"class":45},[39,114448,50],{"class":49},[39,114450,54],{"class":53},[39,114452,562],{"class":517},[39,114454,57846],{"class":521},[39,114456,562],{"class":517},[39,114458,72],{"class":53},[39,114460,114461,114463,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114462,3824],{"class":45},[39,114464,117],{"class":53},[39,114466,81827],{"class":120},[39,114468,124],{"class":53},[39,114470,562],{"class":517},[39,114472,36761],{"class":521},[39,114474,562],{"class":517},[39,114476,130],{"class":53},[39,114478,114479],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114480,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114482,114483,114485,114487,114489],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114484,137],{"class":136},[39,114486,124],{"class":53},[39,114488,3824],{"class":120},[39,114490,130],{"class":53},[39,114492,114493],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114494,114495],{"class":150},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[160,114497,114499,980,114501],{"id":114498},"update-vs-add",[15,114500,14663],{},[15,114502,95925],{},[20,114504,114505],{},"The difference is simple:",[176,114507,114508,114512],{},[179,114509,114510,96521],{},[15,114511,95925],{},[179,114513,114514,96526],{},[15,114515,14663],{},[20,114517,45756,114518,1250],{},[15,114519,95925],{},[30,114521,114523],{"className":32,"code":114522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114524,114525,114541,114559,114563,114573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114526,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114528,35952],{"class":45},[39,114530,50],{"class":49},[39,114532,54],{"class":53},[39,114534,562],{"class":517},[39,114536,3789],{"class":521},[39,114538,562],{"class":517},[39,114540,72],{"class":53},[39,114542,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114544,36004],{"class":45},[39,114546,117],{"class":53},[39,114548,81827],{"class":120},[39,114550,124],{"class":53},[39,114552,562],{"class":517},[39,114554,3798],{"class":521},[39,114556,562],{"class":517},[39,114558,130],{"class":53},[39,114560,114561],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114562,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114564,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114566,137],{"class":136},[39,114568,124],{"class":53},[39,114570,36004],{"class":120},[39,114572,130],{"class":53},[39,114574,114575],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114576,114577],{"class":150},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114579,45756,114580,1250],{},[15,114581,14663],{},[30,114583,114585],{"className":32,"code":114584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114586,114587,114603,114629,114633,114643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114588,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114590,35952],{"class":45},[39,114592,50],{"class":49},[39,114594,54],{"class":53},[39,114596,562],{"class":517},[39,114598,3789],{"class":521},[39,114600,562],{"class":517},[39,114602,72],{"class":53},[39,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114606,36004],{"class":45},[39,114608,117],{"class":53},[39,114610,30173],{"class":120},[39,114612,917],{"class":53},[39,114614,562],{"class":517},[39,114616,3798],{"class":521},[39,114618,562],{"class":517},[39,114620,61],{"class":53},[39,114622,572],{"class":517},[39,114624,32930],{"class":521},[39,114626,562],{"class":517},[39,114628,3597],{"class":53},[39,114630,114631],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114632,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114634,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114636,137],{"class":136},[39,114638,124],{"class":53},[39,114640,36004],{"class":120},[39,114642,130],{"class":53},[39,114644,114645],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114646,114647],{"class":150},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114649,114650],{},"Important warning with strings:",[30,114652,114654],{"className":32,"code":114653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114655,114656,114672,114690,114694,114704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114657,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114659,35952],{"class":45},[39,114661,50],{"class":49},[39,114663,54],{"class":53},[39,114665,562],{"class":517},[39,114667,3789],{"class":521},[39,114669,562],{"class":517},[39,114671,72],{"class":53},[39,114673,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114675,36004],{"class":45},[39,114677,117],{"class":53},[39,114679,30173],{"class":120},[39,114681,124],{"class":53},[39,114683,562],{"class":517},[39,114685,38054],{"class":521},[39,114687,562],{"class":517},[39,114689,130],{"class":53},[39,114691,114692],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114693,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114695,114696,114698,114700,114702],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114697,137],{"class":136},[39,114699,124],{"class":53},[39,114701,36004],{"class":120},[39,114703,130],{"class":53},[39,114705,114706],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114707,114708],{"class":150},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114710,61826,114711,61899,114714,6343],{},[15,114712,114713],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114715,95925],{},[160,114717,114719,980,114721],{"id":114718},"update-vs-union",[15,114720,14663],{},[15,114722,1291],{},[20,114724,114725],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[988,114727,114728],{"id":30173},[15,114729,14663],{},[176,114731,114732,114735],{},[179,114733,114734],{},"Changes the existing set",[179,114736,11137,114737],{},[15,114738,3484],{},[30,114740,114742],{"className":32,"code":114741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114743,114744,114760,114776,114780,114794,114804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114745,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114747,46],{"class":45},[39,114749,50],{"class":49},[39,114751,54],{"class":53},[39,114753,58],{"class":57},[39,114755,61],{"class":53},[39,114757,64],{"class":57},[39,114759,72],{"class":53},[39,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114763,78],{"class":45},[39,114765,50],{"class":49},[39,114767,54],{"class":53},[39,114769,85],{"class":57},[39,114771,61],{"class":53},[39,114773,69],{"class":57},[39,114775,72],{"class":53},[39,114777,114778],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114779,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114781,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114783,195],{"class":45},[39,114785,117],{"class":53},[39,114787,30173],{"class":120},[39,114789,124],{"class":53},[39,114791,127],{"class":120},[39,114793,130],{"class":53},[39,114795,114796,114798,114800,114802],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114797,137],{"class":136},[39,114799,124],{"class":53},[39,114801,195],{"class":120},[39,114803,130],{"class":53},[39,114805,114806],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,114807,114335],{"class":150},[988,114809,114810],{"id":110873},[15,114811,1291],{},[176,114813,114814,114816],{},[179,114815,996],{},[179,114817,999],{},[30,114819,114821],{"className":32,"code":114820,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114822,114823,114839,114855,114859,114877,114887,114891,114901],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114824,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114826,46],{"class":45},[39,114828,50],{"class":49},[39,114830,54],{"class":53},[39,114832,58],{"class":57},[39,114834,61],{"class":53},[39,114836,64],{"class":57},[39,114838,72],{"class":53},[39,114840,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114842,78],{"class":45},[39,114844,50],{"class":49},[39,114846,54],{"class":53},[39,114848,85],{"class":57},[39,114850,61],{"class":53},[39,114852,69],{"class":57},[39,114854,72],{"class":53},[39,114856,114857],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114858,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114862,791],{"class":45},[39,114864,50],{"class":49},[39,114866,114],{"class":45},[39,114868,117],{"class":53},[39,114870,110873],{"class":120},[39,114872,124],{"class":53},[39,114874,127],{"class":120},[39,114876,130],{"class":53},[39,114878,114879,114881,114883,114885],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114880,137],{"class":136},[39,114882,124],{"class":53},[39,114884,9454],{"class":120},[39,114886,130],{"class":53},[39,114888,114889],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,114890,114335],{"class":150},[39,114892,114893,114895,114897,114899],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,114894,137],{"class":136},[39,114896,124],{"class":53},[39,114898,195],{"class":120},[39,114900,130],{"class":53},[39,114902,114903],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,114904,114905],{"class":150},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114907,1237,114908,114910,114911,114915],{},[15,114909,14663],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[195,114912,114913],{"href":102499},[15,114914,1291],{}," when you want a new set.",[160,114917,114919],{"id":114918},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114921,10461,114922,117],{},[15,114923,97033],{},[988,114925,114927],{"id":114926},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114929,114930],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[30,114932,114934],{"className":32,"code":114933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114935,114936,114952,114974,114978,114988],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114937,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114939,15338],{"class":45},[39,114941,50],{"class":49},[39,114943,54],{"class":53},[39,114945,58],{"class":57},[39,114947,61],{"class":53},[39,114949,64],{"class":57},[39,114951,72],{"class":53},[39,114953,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,114955,109],{"class":45},[39,114957,50],{"class":49},[39,114959,96643],{"class":45},[39,114961,117],{"class":53},[39,114963,30173],{"class":120},[39,114965,917],{"class":53},[39,114967,307],{"class":57},[39,114969,61],{"class":53},[39,114971,94],{"class":57},[39,114973,3597],{"class":53},[39,114975,114976],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,114977,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,114981,137],{"class":136},[39,114983,124],{"class":53},[39,114985,142],{"class":120},[39,114987,130],{"class":53},[39,114989,114990],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,114991,61551],{"class":150},[20,114993,114994,114995,1250],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114996,14663],{},[30,114998,115000],{"className":32,"code":114999,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115001,115002,115018,115036,115040,115050],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115003,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115005,15338],{"class":45},[39,115007,50],{"class":49},[39,115009,54],{"class":53},[39,115011,58],{"class":57},[39,115013,61],{"class":53},[39,115015,64],{"class":57},[39,115017,72],{"class":53},[39,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115021,1318],{"class":45},[39,115023,117],{"class":53},[39,115025,30173],{"class":120},[39,115027,917],{"class":53},[39,115029,307],{"class":57},[39,115031,61],{"class":53},[39,115033,94],{"class":57},[39,115035,3597],{"class":53},[39,115037,115038],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115039,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115041,115042,115044,115046,115048],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115043,137],{"class":136},[39,115045,124],{"class":53},[39,115047,1318],{"class":120},[39,115049,130],{"class":53},[39,115051,115052],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115053,113634],{"class":150},[988,115055,115057],{"id":115056},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115059,2544],{},[30,115061,115063],{"className":32,"code":115062,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115064,115065,115081],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115066,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115068,15338],{"class":45},[39,115070,50],{"class":49},[39,115072,54],{"class":53},[39,115074,58],{"class":57},[39,115076,61],{"class":53},[39,115078,64],{"class":57},[39,115080,72],{"class":53},[39,115082,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115084,1318],{"class":45},[39,115086,117],{"class":53},[39,115088,30173],{"class":120},[39,115090,124],{"class":53},[39,115092,1843],{"class":57},[39,115094,130],{"class":53},[20,115096,62005,115097,8319,115099,115101],{},[15,115098,2711],{},[15,115100,1843],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115103,6266],{},[30,115105,115107],{"className":32,"code":115106,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115108,115109,115125,115139,115143,115153],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115110,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115112,15338],{"class":45},[39,115114,50],{"class":49},[39,115116,54],{"class":53},[39,115118,58],{"class":57},[39,115120,61],{"class":53},[39,115122,64],{"class":57},[39,115124,72],{"class":53},[39,115126,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115128,1318],{"class":45},[39,115130,117],{"class":53},[39,115132,30173],{"class":120},[39,115134,917],{"class":53},[39,115136,1843],{"class":57},[39,115138,3597],{"class":53},[39,115140,115141],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115142,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115146,137],{"class":136},[39,115148,124],{"class":53},[39,115150,1318],{"class":120},[39,115152,130],{"class":53},[39,115154,115155],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115156,115157],{"class":150},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115159,45629,115160,117],{},[195,115161,25387,115162],{"href":52318},[15,115163,115164],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[988,115166,115168],{"id":115167},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115170,115171],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[30,115173,115175],{"className":32,"code":115174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115176,115177,115193,115219,115223,115233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115178,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115180,15338],{"class":45},[39,115182,50],{"class":49},[39,115184,54],{"class":53},[39,115186,58],{"class":57},[39,115188,61],{"class":53},[39,115190,64],{"class":57},[39,115192,72],{"class":53},[39,115194,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115196,1318],{"class":45},[39,115198,117],{"class":53},[39,115200,30173],{"class":120},[39,115202,917],{"class":53},[39,115204,85],{"class":57},[39,115206,61],{"class":53},[39,115208,64],{"class":57},[39,115210,61],{"class":53},[39,115212,64],{"class":57},[39,115214,61],{"class":53},[39,115216,69],{"class":57},[39,115218,3597],{"class":53},[39,115220,115221],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115222,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115226,137],{"class":136},[39,115228,124],{"class":53},[39,115230,1318],{"class":120},[39,115232,130],{"class":53},[39,115234,115235],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115236,114335],{"class":150},[988,115238,115240,115241,44345,115243,115245],{"id":115239},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115242,14663],{},[15,115244,95925],{}," is better",[20,115247,115248,115249,115251],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115250,95925],{}," is usually the better choice.",[30,115253,115255],{"className":32,"code":115254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115256,115257,115273,115291,115295,115305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115258,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115260,15338],{"class":45},[39,115262,50],{"class":49},[39,115264,54],{"class":53},[39,115266,562],{"class":517},[39,115268,57846],{"class":521},[39,115270,562],{"class":517},[39,115272,72],{"class":53},[39,115274,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115276,1318],{"class":45},[39,115278,117],{"class":53},[39,115280,81827],{"class":120},[39,115282,124],{"class":53},[39,115284,562],{"class":517},[39,115286,36761],{"class":521},[39,115288,562],{"class":517},[39,115290,130],{"class":53},[39,115292,115293],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115294,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115296,115297,115299,115301,115303],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115298,137],{"class":136},[39,115300,124],{"class":53},[39,115302,1318],{"class":120},[39,115304,130],{"class":53},[39,115306,115307],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115308,114495],{"class":150},[160,115310,1563],{"id":1562},[988,115312,1567,115314,97012],{"id":115313},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115315,97033],{},[20,115317,97015,115318,117],{},[15,115319,3484],{},[988,115321,28037,115322,31935],{"id":31932},[15,115323,14663],{},[20,115325,115326],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[988,115328,4890,115330,4104,115332,2199],{"id":115329},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115331,95925],{},[15,115333,14663],{},[20,115335,115336,115338,115339,115341],{},[15,115337,95925],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115340,14663],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[988,115343,115345],{"id":115344},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115347,115348,115349,114344],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115350,14663],{},[988,115352,115354],{"id":115353},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115356,154,115357,10806,115359,117],{},[15,115358,1291],{},[15,115360,14663],{},[160,115362,1613],{"id":1612},[176,115364,115365,115372,115379,115385,115391],{},[179,115366,115367],{},[195,115368,115369],{"href":98218},[15,115370,115371],{},"Python set add() method",[179,115373,115374],{},[195,115375,115376],{"href":102499},[15,115377,115378],{},"Python set union() method",[179,115380,115381],{},[195,115382,115383],{"href":97601},[15,115384,97057],{},[179,115386,115387],{},[195,115388,115389],{"href":98795},[15,115390,1640],{},[179,115392,115393],{},[195,115394,115395,115397],{"href":52318},[15,115396,115164],{}," fix",[20,115399,115400,115401,115403,115404,115406],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115402,95930],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115405,1626],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1642,115408,115409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":115411},[115412,115413,115415,115416,115417,115418,115419,115420,115422,115427,115434,115443],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":113642,"depth":75,"text":115414},"What set.update() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":21677,"depth":75,"text":21678},{"id":114028,"depth":75,"text":114029},{"id":114131,"depth":75,"text":114132},{"id":114338,"depth":75,"text":114339},{"id":114498,"depth":75,"text":115421},"update() vs add()",{"id":114718,"depth":75,"text":115423,"children":115424},"update() vs union()",[115425,115426],{"id":30173,"depth":99,"text":14663},{"id":110873,"depth":99,"text":1291},{"id":114918,"depth":75,"text":114919,"children":115428},[115429,115430,115431,115432],{"id":114926,"depth":99,"text":114927},{"id":115056,"depth":99,"text":115057},{"id":115167,"depth":99,"text":115168},{"id":115239,"depth":99,"text":115433},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":115435},[115436,115438,115439,115441,115442],{"id":115313,"depth":99,"text":115437},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31932,"depth":99,"text":32005},{"id":115329,"depth":99,"text":115440},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115344,"depth":99,"text":115345},{"id":115353,"depth":99,"text":115354},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113554,"description":115444},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115450,"title":115451,"body":115452,"description":117218,"extension":1670,"meta":117219,"navigation":102,"path":13499,"seo":117220,"stem":117221,"__hash__":117222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115453,"toc":117193},[115454,115457,115460,115463,115474,115482,115485,115487,115636,115648,115652,115669,115673,115681,115683,115694,115696,115793,115799,115802,115898,115907,115912,115916,115921,115923,115933,115935,116044,116052,116056,116059,116062,116079,116085,116165,116168,116172,116175,116179,116182,116241,116244,116248,116251,116343,116347,116350,116457,116461,116467,116495,116497,116579,116589,116593,116596,116607,116610,116695,116698,116703,116707,116710,116721,116724,116866,116869,116873,116876,116890,116893,116954,116960,116962,116965,116987,116990,117090,117093,117125,117127,117131,117134,117136,117139,117143,117146,117150,117153,117157,117160,117162,117190],[10,115455,115451],{"id":115456},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115458,115459],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115461,115462],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[176,115464,115465,115468,115471],{},[179,115466,115467],{},"a list inside another list",[179,115469,115470],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[179,115472,115473],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115475,99984,115476,4104,115478,115481],{},[382,115477,12563],{},[382,115479,115480],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115483,115484],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[160,115486,1711],{"id":1710},[30,115488,115490],{"className":32,"code":115489,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115491,115492,115499,115503,115529,115549,115569,115573,115591,115595,115608,115622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115493,115494,115496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115495,34802],{"class":3584},[39,115497,115498],{"class":45}," copy\n",[39,115500,115501],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115502,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115504,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115506,11798],{"class":45},[39,115508,50],{"class":49},[39,115510,56013],{"class":53},[39,115512,58],{"class":57},[39,115514,61],{"class":53},[39,115516,64],{"class":57},[39,115518,930],{"class":53},[39,115520,3327],{"class":53},[39,115522,307],{"class":57},[39,115524,61],{"class":53},[39,115526,94],{"class":57},[39,115528,52961],{"class":53},[39,115530,115531,115534,115536,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115532,115533],{"class":45},"shallow ",[39,115535,50],{"class":49},[39,115537,115538],{"class":45}," copy",[39,115540,117],{"class":53},[39,115542,12624],{"class":120},[39,115544,124],{"class":53},[39,115546,11845],{"class":120},[39,115548,130],{"class":53},[39,115550,115551,115554,115556,115558,115560,115563,115565,115567],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115552,115553],{"class":45},"deep ",[39,115555,50],{"class":49},[39,115557,115538],{"class":45},[39,115559,117],{"class":53},[39,115561,115562],{"class":120},"deepcopy",[39,115564,124],{"class":53},[39,115566,11845],{"class":120},[39,115568,130],{"class":53},[39,115570,115571],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,115572,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115574,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,115576,11845],{"class":45},[39,115578,3609],{"class":53},[39,115580,1826],{"class":57},[39,115582,13259],{"class":53},[39,115584,13262],{"class":120},[39,115586,124],{"class":53},[39,115588,56066],{"class":57},[39,115590,130],{"class":53},[39,115592,115593],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,115594,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115596,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,115598,137],{"class":136},[39,115600,124],{"class":53},[39,115602,11845],{"class":120},[39,115604,3366],{"class":53},[39,115606,115607],{"class":150},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115609,115610,115612,115614,115617,115619],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,115611,137],{"class":136},[39,115613,124],{"class":53},[39,115615,115616],{"class":120},"shallow",[39,115618,3366],{"class":53},[39,115620,115621],{"class":150},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115623,115624,115626,115628,115631,115633],{"class":41,"line":11307},[39,115625,137],{"class":136},[39,115627,124],{"class":53},[39,115629,115630],{"class":120},"deep",[39,115632,3366],{"class":53},[39,115634,115635],{"class":150},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115637,154,115638,115641,115642,4104,115644,115647],{},[15,115639,115640],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[382,115643,12563],{},[15,115645,115646],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[160,115649,115651],{"id":115650},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[176,115653,115654,115657,115660,115663,115666],{},[179,115655,115656],{},"What a copy means in Python",[179,115658,115659],{},"How shallow copy works",[179,115661,115662],{},"How deep copy works",[179,115664,115665],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[179,115667,115668],{},"When to use each approach",[160,115670,115672],{"id":115671},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115674,14898,115675,115677,115678,115680],{},[382,115676,12563],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[382,115679,4340],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115682,1813],{},[176,115684,115685,115688,115691],{},[179,115686,115687],{},"the outer container is new",[179,115689,115690],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[179,115692,115693],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115695,267],{},[30,115697,115699],{"className":32,"code":115698,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115700,115701,115727,115741,115745,115763,115767,115780],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115702,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115704,11798],{"class":45},[39,115706,50],{"class":49},[39,115708,56013],{"class":53},[39,115710,58],{"class":57},[39,115712,61],{"class":53},[39,115714,64],{"class":57},[39,115716,930],{"class":53},[39,115718,3327],{"class":53},[39,115720,307],{"class":57},[39,115722,61],{"class":53},[39,115724,94],{"class":57},[39,115726,52961],{"class":53},[39,115728,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115730,14021],{"class":45},[39,115732,50],{"class":49},[39,115734,11873],{"class":45},[39,115736,117],{"class":53},[39,115738,12624],{"class":120},[39,115740,1609],{"class":53},[39,115742,115743],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115744,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115746,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115748,14040],{"class":45},[39,115750,117],{"class":53},[39,115752,13262],{"class":120},[39,115754,917],{"class":53},[39,115756,1843],{"class":57},[39,115758,61],{"class":53},[39,115760,806],{"class":57},[39,115762,3597],{"class":53},[39,115764,115765],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115766,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115768,115769,115771,115773,115775,115777],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,115770,137],{"class":136},[39,115772,124],{"class":53},[39,115774,11845],{"class":120},[39,115776,3366],{"class":53},[39,115778,115779],{"class":150},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115781,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,115783,137],{"class":136},[39,115785,124],{"class":53},[39,115787,14040],{"class":120},[39,115789,3366],{"class":53},[39,115791,115792],{"class":150},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115794,115795,115796,115798],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115797,14040],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115800,115801],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[30,115803,115805],{"className":32,"code":115804,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115806,115807,115833,115847,115851,115869,115873,115885],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115808,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115810,11798],{"class":45},[39,115812,50],{"class":49},[39,115814,56013],{"class":53},[39,115816,58],{"class":57},[39,115818,61],{"class":53},[39,115820,64],{"class":57},[39,115822,930],{"class":53},[39,115824,3327],{"class":53},[39,115826,307],{"class":57},[39,115828,61],{"class":53},[39,115830,94],{"class":57},[39,115832,52961],{"class":53},[39,115834,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115836,14021],{"class":45},[39,115838,50],{"class":49},[39,115840,11873],{"class":45},[39,115842,117],{"class":53},[39,115844,12624],{"class":120},[39,115846,1609],{"class":53},[39,115848,115849],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115850,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115852,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861,115863,115865,115867],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115854,14040],{"class":45},[39,115856,3609],{"class":53},[39,115858,1826],{"class":57},[39,115860,13259],{"class":53},[39,115862,13262],{"class":120},[39,115864,124],{"class":53},[39,115866,56066],{"class":57},[39,115868,130],{"class":53},[39,115870,115871],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115872,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115874,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,115876,137],{"class":136},[39,115878,124],{"class":53},[39,115880,11845],{"class":120},[39,115882,3366],{"class":53},[39,115884,115607],{"class":150},[39,115886,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,115888,137],{"class":136},[39,115890,124],{"class":53},[39,115892,14040],{"class":120},[39,115894,3366],{"class":53},[39,115896,115897],{"class":150},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115899,115900,115901,4104,115903,115906],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115902,56170],{},[15,115904,115905],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115908,115909,115910,117],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[195,115911,43651],{"href":11777},[160,115913,115915],{"id":115914},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115917,14898,115918,115920],{},[382,115919,115480],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115922,1813],{},[176,115924,115925,115927,115930],{},[179,115926,115687],{},[179,115928,115929],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[179,115931,115932],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115934,267],{},[30,115936,115938],{"className":32,"code":115937,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115939,115940,115946,115950,115976,115994,115998,116016,116020,116032],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115941,115942,115944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115943,34802],{"class":3584},[39,115945,115498],{"class":45},[39,115947,115948],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,115949,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115951,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972,115974],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,115953,11798],{"class":45},[39,115955,50],{"class":49},[39,115957,56013],{"class":53},[39,115959,58],{"class":57},[39,115961,61],{"class":53},[39,115963,64],{"class":57},[39,115965,930],{"class":53},[39,115967,3327],{"class":53},[39,115969,307],{"class":57},[39,115971,61],{"class":53},[39,115973,94],{"class":57},[39,115975,52961],{"class":53},[39,115977,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,115979,14021],{"class":45},[39,115981,50],{"class":49},[39,115983,115538],{"class":45},[39,115985,117],{"class":53},[39,115987,115562],{"class":120},[39,115989,124],{"class":53},[39,115991,11845],{"class":120},[39,115993,130],{"class":53},[39,115995,115996],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,115997,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116001,14040],{"class":45},[39,116003,3609],{"class":53},[39,116005,1826],{"class":57},[39,116007,13259],{"class":53},[39,116009,13262],{"class":120},[39,116011,124],{"class":53},[39,116013,56066],{"class":57},[39,116015,130],{"class":53},[39,116017,116018],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116019,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,116023,137],{"class":136},[39,116025,124],{"class":53},[39,116027,11845],{"class":120},[39,116029,3366],{"class":53},[39,116031,115779],{"class":150},[39,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,116035,137],{"class":136},[39,116037,124],{"class":53},[39,116039,14040],{"class":120},[39,116041,3366],{"class":53},[39,116043,115897],{"class":150},[20,116045,116046,116047,116049,116050,117],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116048,115905],{}," does not change ",[15,116051,56170],{},[160,116053,116055],{"id":116054},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116057,116058],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116060,116061],{},"Common reasons:",[176,116063,116064,116067,116070,116076],{},[179,116065,116066],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[179,116068,116069],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[179,116071,116072,116073,116075],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116074,50],{}," does not make a copy",[179,116077,116078],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116080,116081,116082,116084],{},"For example, this does ",[382,116083,4340],{}," create a copy:",[30,116086,116088],{"className":32,"code":116087,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116089,116090,116110,116118,116122,116136,116140,116152],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116091,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106,116108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116093,11798],{"class":45},[39,116095,50],{"class":49},[39,116097,3327],{"class":53},[39,116099,58],{"class":57},[39,116101,61],{"class":53},[39,116103,64],{"class":57},[39,116105,61],{"class":53},[39,116107,69],{"class":57},[39,116109,3340],{"class":53},[39,116111,116112,116114,116116],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116113,14021],{"class":45},[39,116115,50],{"class":49},[39,116117,11836],{"class":45},[39,116119,116120],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116121,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116123,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116125,14040],{"class":45},[39,116127,117],{"class":53},[39,116129,13262],{"class":120},[39,116131,124],{"class":53},[39,116133,2212],{"class":57},[39,116135,130],{"class":53},[39,116137,116138],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116139,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116141,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116143,137],{"class":136},[39,116145,124],{"class":53},[39,116147,11845],{"class":120},[39,116149,3366],{"class":53},[39,116151,55420],{"class":150},[39,116153,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116155,137],{"class":136},[39,116157,124],{"class":53},[39,116159,14040],{"class":120},[39,116161,3366],{"class":53},[39,116163,116164],{"class":150},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116166,116167],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[160,116169,116171],{"id":116170},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116173,116174],{},"These three ideas are different.",[988,116176,116178],{"id":116177},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116180,116181],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[30,116183,116185],{"className":32,"code":116184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116186,116187,116213,116221,116225],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116190,11798],{"class":45},[39,116192,50],{"class":49},[39,116194,56013],{"class":53},[39,116196,58],{"class":57},[39,116198,61],{"class":53},[39,116200,64],{"class":57},[39,116202,930],{"class":53},[39,116204,3327],{"class":53},[39,116206,307],{"class":57},[39,116208,61],{"class":53},[39,116210,94],{"class":57},[39,116212,52961],{"class":53},[39,116214,116215,116217,116219],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116216,13812],{"class":45},[39,116218,50],{"class":49},[39,116220,11836],{"class":45},[39,116222,116223],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116224,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116226,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116228,137],{"class":136},[39,116230,124],{"class":53},[39,116232,11798],{"class":120},[39,116234,11906],{"class":3584},[39,116236,13880],{"class":120},[39,116238,3366],{"class":53},[39,116240,3369],{"class":150},[20,116242,116243],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[988,116245,116247],{"id":116246},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116249,116250],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[30,116252,116254],{"className":32,"code":116253,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116255,116256,116282,116296,116300,116317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116257,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116259,11798],{"class":45},[39,116261,50],{"class":49},[39,116263,56013],{"class":53},[39,116265,58],{"class":57},[39,116267,61],{"class":53},[39,116269,64],{"class":57},[39,116271,930],{"class":53},[39,116273,3327],{"class":53},[39,116275,307],{"class":57},[39,116277,61],{"class":53},[39,116279,94],{"class":57},[39,116281,52961],{"class":53},[39,116283,116284,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116285,115533],{"class":45},[39,116287,50],{"class":49},[39,116289,11873],{"class":45},[39,116291,117],{"class":53},[39,116293,12624],{"class":120},[39,116295,1609],{"class":53},[39,116297,116298],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116299,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116301,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116313,116315],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116303,137],{"class":136},[39,116305,124],{"class":53},[39,116307,11798],{"class":120},[39,116309,11906],{"class":3584},[39,116311,116312],{"class":120}," shallow",[39,116314,3366],{"class":53},[39,116316,20908],{"class":150},[39,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116320,137],{"class":136},[39,116322,124],{"class":53},[39,116324,11845],{"class":120},[39,116326,3609],{"class":53},[39,116328,1826],{"class":57},[39,116330,12982],{"class":53},[39,116332,7813],{"class":3584},[39,116334,116312],{"class":120},[39,116336,3609],{"class":53},[39,116338,1826],{"class":57},[39,116340,20153],{"class":53},[39,116342,3369],{"class":150},[988,116344,116346],{"id":116345},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116348,116349],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[30,116351,116353],{"className":32,"code":116352,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116354,116355,116361,116365,116391,116409,116413,116431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116356,116357,116359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116358,34802],{"class":3584},[39,116360,115498],{"class":45},[39,116362,116363],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116364,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116368,11798],{"class":45},[39,116370,50],{"class":49},[39,116372,56013],{"class":53},[39,116374,58],{"class":57},[39,116376,61],{"class":53},[39,116378,64],{"class":57},[39,116380,930],{"class":53},[39,116382,3327],{"class":53},[39,116384,307],{"class":57},[39,116386,61],{"class":53},[39,116388,94],{"class":57},[39,116390,52961],{"class":53},[39,116392,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116394,115553],{"class":45},[39,116396,50],{"class":49},[39,116398,115538],{"class":45},[39,116400,117],{"class":53},[39,116402,115562],{"class":120},[39,116404,124],{"class":53},[39,116406,11845],{"class":120},[39,116408,130],{"class":53},[39,116410,116411],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116412,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116414,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116426,116428],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116416,137],{"class":136},[39,116418,124],{"class":53},[39,116420,11798],{"class":120},[39,116422,11906],{"class":3584},[39,116424,116425],{"class":120}," deep",[39,116427,3366],{"class":53},[39,116429,116430],{"class":150},"         # False\n",[39,116432,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453,116455],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116434,137],{"class":136},[39,116436,124],{"class":53},[39,116438,11845],{"class":120},[39,116440,3609],{"class":53},[39,116442,1826],{"class":57},[39,116444,12982],{"class":53},[39,116446,7813],{"class":3584},[39,116448,116425],{"class":120},[39,116450,3609],{"class":53},[39,116452,1826],{"class":57},[39,116454,20153],{"class":53},[39,116456,43587],{"class":150},[160,116458,116460],{"id":116459},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116462,116463,116464,1250],{},"These all make ",[382,116465,116466],{},"shallow copies",[176,116468,116469,116473,116477,116482,116488],{},[179,116470,116471],{},[15,116472,55320],{},[179,116474,116475],{},[15,116476,12147],{},[179,116478,116479],{},[15,116480,116481],{},"set.copy()",[179,116483,116484,116485],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116486,116487],{},"my_list[:]",[179,116489,116490,116492,116493,34792],{},[15,116491,115640],{}," from the ",[15,116494,12624],{},[20,116496,1832],{},[30,116498,116500],{"className":32,"code":116499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116501,116502,116522,116526,116540,116551,116555,116567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116503,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116505,1379],{"class":45},[39,116507,50],{"class":49},[39,116509,3327],{"class":53},[39,116511,58],{"class":57},[39,116513,61],{"class":53},[39,116515,64],{"class":57},[39,116517,61],{"class":53},[39,116519,69],{"class":57},[39,116521,3340],{"class":53},[39,116523,116524],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116525,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116527,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116529,46],{"class":45},[39,116531,50],{"class":49},[39,116533,1433],{"class":45},[39,116535,117],{"class":53},[39,116537,12624],{"class":120},[39,116539,1609],{"class":53},[39,116541,116542,116544,116546,116548],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116543,78],{"class":45},[39,116545,50],{"class":49},[39,116547,1433],{"class":45},[39,116549,116550],{"class":53},"[:]\n",[39,116552,116553],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116554,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116556,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116558,137],{"class":136},[39,116560,124],{"class":53},[39,116562,195],{"class":120},[39,116564,3366],{"class":53},[39,116566,54651],{"class":150},[39,116568,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116570,137],{"class":136},[39,116572,124],{"class":53},[39,116574,127],{"class":120},[39,116576,3366],{"class":53},[39,116578,54651],{"class":150},[20,116580,72861,116581,47250,116585,117],{},[195,116582,116583,1627],{"href":54679},[15,116584,55320],{},[195,116586,116587,1627],{"href":12144},[15,116588,12147],{},[160,116590,116592],{"id":116591},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116594,116595],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[176,116597,116598,116601,116604],{},[179,116599,116600],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[179,116602,116603],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[179,116605,116606],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116608,116609],{},"Example with a flat list:",[30,116611,116613],{"className":32,"code":116612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116614,116615,116635,116649,116653,116667,116671,116683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116616,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116618,11798],{"class":45},[39,116620,50],{"class":49},[39,116622,3327],{"class":53},[39,116624,58],{"class":57},[39,116626,61],{"class":53},[39,116628,64],{"class":57},[39,116630,61],{"class":53},[39,116632,69],{"class":57},[39,116634,3340],{"class":53},[39,116636,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116638,14021],{"class":45},[39,116640,50],{"class":49},[39,116642,11873],{"class":45},[39,116644,117],{"class":53},[39,116646,12624],{"class":120},[39,116648,1609],{"class":53},[39,116650,116651],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116652,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116654,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116656,14040],{"class":45},[39,116658,117],{"class":53},[39,116660,13262],{"class":120},[39,116662,124],{"class":53},[39,116664,2212],{"class":57},[39,116666,130],{"class":53},[39,116668,116669],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116670,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116672,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116674,137],{"class":136},[39,116676,124],{"class":53},[39,116678,11845],{"class":120},[39,116680,3366],{"class":53},[39,116682,54651],{"class":150},[39,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116686,137],{"class":136},[39,116688,124],{"class":53},[39,116690,14040],{"class":120},[39,116692,3366],{"class":53},[39,116694,116164],{"class":150},[20,116696,116697],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116699,116700,116701,117],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[195,116702,14597],{"href":56938},[160,116704,116706],{"id":116705},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116708,116709],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[176,116711,116712,116715,116718],{},[179,116713,116714],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[179,116716,116717],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[179,116719,116720],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116722,116723],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[30,116725,116727],{"className":32,"code":116726,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116728,116729,116735,116739,116765,116779,116797,116801,116823,116827,116840,116853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116730,116731,116733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116732,34802],{"class":3584},[39,116734,115498],{"class":45},[39,116736,116737],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116738,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116740,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116742,11798],{"class":45},[39,116744,50],{"class":49},[39,116746,54],{"class":53},[39,116748,562],{"class":517},[39,116750,16098],{"class":521},[39,116752,562],{"class":517},[39,116754,1250],{"class":53},[39,116756,3327],{"class":53},[39,116758,2037],{"class":57},[39,116760,61],{"class":53},[39,116762,7505],{"class":57},[39,116764,13415],{"class":53},[39,116766,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116768,115533],{"class":45},[39,116770,50],{"class":49},[39,116772,11873],{"class":45},[39,116774,117],{"class":53},[39,116776,12624],{"class":120},[39,116778,1609],{"class":53},[39,116780,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116782,115553],{"class":45},[39,116784,50],{"class":49},[39,116786,115538],{"class":45},[39,116788,117],{"class":53},[39,116790,115562],{"class":120},[39,116792,124],{"class":53},[39,116794,11845],{"class":120},[39,116796,130],{"class":53},[39,116798,116799],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116800,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116802,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116804,11845],{"class":45},[39,116806,3609],{"class":53},[39,116808,562],{"class":517},[39,116810,16098],{"class":521},[39,116812,562],{"class":517},[39,116814,13259],{"class":53},[39,116816,13262],{"class":120},[39,116818,124],{"class":53},[39,116820,36555],{"class":57},[39,116822,130],{"class":53},[39,116824,116825],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,116826,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116828,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,116830,137],{"class":136},[39,116832,124],{"class":53},[39,116834,11845],{"class":120},[39,116836,3366],{"class":53},[39,116838,116839],{"class":150},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[39,116841,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850],{"class":41,"line":6148},[39,116843,137],{"class":136},[39,116845,124],{"class":53},[39,116847,115616],{"class":120},[39,116849,3366],{"class":53},[39,116851,116852],{"class":150},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[39,116854,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863],{"class":41,"line":11307},[39,116856,137],{"class":136},[39,116858,124],{"class":53},[39,116860,115630],{"class":120},[39,116862,3366],{"class":53},[39,116864,116865],{"class":150},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116867,116868],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[160,116870,116872],{"id":116871},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116874,116875],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[176,116877,116878,116881,116884,116887],{},[179,116879,116880],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[179,116882,116883],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[179,116885,116886],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[179,116888,116889],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116891,116892],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[30,116894,116896],{"className":32,"code":116895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116897,116898,116906,116914,116918,116926,116930,116942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116899,116900,116902,116904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116901,46],{"class":45},[39,116903,50],{"class":49},[39,116905,2293],{"class":57},[39,116907,116908,116910,116912],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,116909,78],{"class":45},[39,116911,50],{"class":49},[39,116913,35888],{"class":45},[39,116915,116916],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,116917,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116919,116920,116922,116924],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,116921,78],{"class":45},[39,116923,50],{"class":49},[39,116925,14324],{"class":57},[39,116927,116928],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,116929,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,116933,137],{"class":136},[39,116935,124],{"class":53},[39,116937,195],{"class":120},[39,116939,3366],{"class":53},[39,116941,26503],{"class":150},[39,116943,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,116945,137],{"class":136},[39,116947,124],{"class":53},[39,116949,127],{"class":120},[39,116951,3366],{"class":53},[39,116953,27324],{"class":150},[20,116955,93230,116956,116959],{},[195,116957,116958],{"href":11777},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[160,116961,2537],{"id":2536},[20,116963,116964],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[176,116966,116967,116971,116976,116981,116984],{},[179,116968,718,116969,56503],{},[15,116970,50],{},[179,116972,718,116973,116975],{},[15,116974,55320],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[179,116977,718,116978,116980],{},[15,116979,12147],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[179,116982,116983],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[179,116985,116986],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116988,116989],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[30,116991,116993],{"className":32,"code":116992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116994,116995,117009,117023,117045,117076],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116998,137],{"class":136},[39,117000,124],{"class":53},[39,117002,11798],{"class":120},[39,117004,11906],{"class":3584},[39,117006,14094],{"class":120},[39,117008,130],{"class":53},[39,117010,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117012,137],{"class":136},[39,117014,124],{"class":53},[39,117016,11798],{"class":120},[39,117018,4398],{"class":49},[39,117020,14094],{"class":120},[39,117022,130],{"class":53},[39,117024,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,117026,137],{"class":136},[39,117028,124],{"class":53},[39,117030,12362],{"class":136},[39,117032,124],{"class":53},[39,117034,11845],{"class":120},[39,117036,8951],{"class":53},[39,117038,14525],{"class":136},[39,117040,124],{"class":53},[39,117042,14040],{"class":120},[39,117044,486],{"class":53},[39,117046,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,117048,137],{"class":136},[39,117050,124],{"class":53},[39,117052,12362],{"class":136},[39,117054,124],{"class":53},[39,117056,11845],{"class":120},[39,117058,3609],{"class":53},[39,117060,1826],{"class":57},[39,117062,117063],{"class":53},"]),",[39,117065,14525],{"class":136},[39,117067,124],{"class":53},[39,117069,14040],{"class":120},[39,117071,3609],{"class":53},[39,117073,1826],{"class":57},[39,117075,2705],{"class":53},[39,117077,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,117079,137],{"class":136},[39,117081,124],{"class":53},[39,117083,479],{"class":478},[39,117085,124],{"class":53},[39,117087,11845],{"class":120},[39,117089,486],{"class":53},[20,117091,117092],{},"What they tell you:",[176,117094,117095,117100,117105,117110,117120],{},[179,117096,117097,117099],{},[15,117098,11906],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[179,117101,117102,117104],{},[15,117103,4398],{}," checks whether values are equal",[179,117106,117107,117109],{},[15,117108,43204],{}," shows the identity of an object",[179,117111,117112,117113,4104,117116,117119],{},"comparing ",[15,117114,117115],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117117,117118],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[179,117121,117122,117124],{},[15,117123,2008],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[160,117126,1563],{"id":1562},[988,117128,117130],{"id":117129},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117132,117133],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[988,117135,56988],{"id":56903},[20,117137,117138],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[988,117140,117142],{"id":117141},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117144,117145],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[988,117147,117149],{"id":117148},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117151,117152],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[988,117154,117156],{"id":117155},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117158,117159],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[160,117161,1613],{"id":1612},[176,117163,117164,117169,117175,117181,117185],{},[179,117165,117166],{},[195,117167,117168],{"href":11777},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[179,117170,117171],{},[195,117172,13,117173,1627],{"href":54679},[15,117174,55320],{},[179,117176,117177],{},[195,117178,13,117179,1627],{"href":12144},[15,117180,12147],{},[179,117182,117183],{},[195,117184,14674],{"href":56938},[179,117186,117187],{},[195,117188,117189],{"href":58213},"What is a list in Python?",[1642,117191,117192],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":117194},[117195,117196,117197,117198,117199,117200,117205,117206,117207,117208,117209,117210,117217],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":115650,"depth":75,"text":115651},{"id":115671,"depth":75,"text":115672},{"id":115914,"depth":75,"text":115915},{"id":116054,"depth":75,"text":116055},{"id":116170,"depth":75,"text":116171,"children":117201},[117202,117203,117204],{"id":116177,"depth":99,"text":116178},{"id":116246,"depth":99,"text":116247},{"id":116345,"depth":99,"text":116346},{"id":116459,"depth":75,"text":116460},{"id":116591,"depth":75,"text":116592},{"id":116705,"depth":75,"text":116706},{"id":116871,"depth":75,"text":116872},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":117211},[117212,117213,117214,117215,117216],{"id":117129,"depth":99,"text":117130},{"id":56903,"depth":99,"text":56988},{"id":117141,"depth":99,"text":117142},{"id":117148,"depth":99,"text":117149},{"id":117155,"depth":99,"text":117156},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115451,"description":117218},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117224,"title":117225,"body":117226,"description":119083,"extension":1670,"meta":119084,"navigation":102,"path":119085,"seo":119086,"stem":119087,"__hash__":119088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117227,"toc":119041},[117228,117233,117238,117246,117248,117316,117321,117326,117341,117344,117346,117377,117379,117399,117402,117417,117419,117422,117495,117497,117542,117544,117555,117560,117564,117569,117572,117611,117613,117633,117636,117693,117695,117730,117733,117772,117774,117794,117797,117828,117830,117886,117888,117893,117964,117966,117999,118004,118009,118074,118076,118113,118116,118193,118195,118255,118262,118267,118270,118273,118354,118356,118397,118402,118405,118483,118485,118518,118527,118534,118537,118548,118551,118562,118566,118574,118583,118587,118592,118596,118601,118644,118647,118653,118656,118658,118705,118710,118714,118717,118766,118768,118789,118792,118794,118819,118822,118943,118948,118950,118955,118958,118963,118966,118974,118979,118986,118989,118997,119000,119002,119038],[10,117229,13,117231,3283],{"id":117230},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117232,74145],{},[20,117234,117235,117237],{},[15,117236,74145],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117239,117240,117241,1896,117243,117245],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117242,77588],{},[15,117244,74145],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[160,117247,3313],{"id":3312},[30,117249,117251],{"className":32,"code":117250,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117252,117253,117273,117287,117291,117303],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117254,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117256,1379],{"class":45},[39,117258,50],{"class":49},[39,117260,3327],{"class":53},[39,117262,307],{"class":57},[39,117264,61],{"class":53},[39,117266,5210],{"class":57},[39,117268,61],{"class":53},[39,117270,64],{"class":57},[39,117272,3340],{"class":53},[39,117274,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117276,109],{"class":45},[39,117278,50],{"class":49},[39,117280,74279],{"class":136},[39,117282,124],{"class":53},[39,117284,1457],{"class":120},[39,117286,130],{"class":53},[39,117288,117289],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,117290,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,117294,137],{"class":136},[39,117296,124],{"class":53},[39,117298,142],{"class":120},[39,117300,3366],{"class":53},[39,117302,55407],{"class":150},[39,117304,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,117306,137],{"class":136},[39,117308,124],{"class":53},[39,117310,1457],{"class":120},[39,117312,3366],{"class":53},[39,117314,117315],{"class":150},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117317,117318,117320],{},[15,117319,74145],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[160,117322,3383,117324,3386],{"id":117323},"what-sorted-does",[15,117325,74145],{},[176,117327,117328,117332,117335,117338],{},[179,117329,117330,62646],{},[15,117331,74145],{},[179,117333,117334],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[179,117336,117337],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[179,117339,117340],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117342,117343],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[160,117345,202],{"id":201},[30,117347,117349],{"className":32,"code":117348,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117350,117351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117352,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117354,74235],{"class":136},[39,117356,124],{"class":53},[39,117358,3426],{"class":120},[39,117360,61],{"class":53},[39,117362,21287],{"class":8893},[39,117364,50],{"class":49},[39,117366,3484],{"class":3559},[39,117368,61],{"class":53},[39,117370,77791],{"class":8893},[39,117372,50],{"class":49},[39,117374,3379],{"class":3559},[39,117376,130],{"class":53},[988,117378,17104],{"id":17103},[176,117380,117381,117386,117391],{},[179,117382,117383,117385],{},[15,117384,3426],{},": the values to sort",[179,117387,117388,117390],{},[15,117389,14550],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[179,117392,117393,117395,117396,117398],{},[15,117394,73298],{},": set to ",[15,117397,3308],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117400,117401],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[30,117403,117405],{"className":32,"code":117404,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117406,117407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117408,117409,117411,117413,117415],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117410,74235],{"class":136},[39,117412,124],{"class":53},[39,117414,60027],{"class":120},[39,117416,130],{"class":53},[160,117418,542],{"id":541},[20,117420,117421],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[30,117423,117425],{"className":32,"code":117424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117426,117427,117451,117455,117470,117474,117485],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117428,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117430,1379],{"class":45},[39,117432,50],{"class":49},[39,117434,3327],{"class":53},[39,117436,1843],{"class":57},[39,117438,61],{"class":53},[39,117440,64],{"class":57},[39,117442,61],{"class":53},[39,117444,6073],{"class":57},[39,117446,61],{"class":53},[39,117448,5210],{"class":57},[39,117450,3340],{"class":53},[39,117452,117453],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117454,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,117456,117457,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,117458,117459],{"class":45},"sorted_numbers ",[39,117461,50],{"class":49},[39,117463,74279],{"class":136},[39,117465,124],{"class":53},[39,117467,1457],{"class":120},[39,117469,130],{"class":53},[39,117471,117472],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,117473,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,117475,117476,117478,117480,117483],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,117477,137],{"class":136},[39,117479,124],{"class":53},[39,117481,117482],{"class":120},"sorted_numbers",[39,117484,130],{"class":53},[39,117486,117487,117489,117491,117493],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,117488,137],{"class":136},[39,117490,124],{"class":53},[39,117492,1457],{"class":120},[39,117494,130],{"class":53},[20,117496,353],{},[30,117498,117500],{"className":32,"code":117499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117501,117502,117522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117503,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117505,3609],{"class":53},[39,117507,58],{"class":57},[39,117509,61],{"class":53},[39,117511,64],{"class":57},[39,117513,61],{"class":53},[39,117515,316],{"class":57},[39,117517,61],{"class":53},[39,117519,6073],{"class":57},[39,117521,3340],{"class":53},[39,117523,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117525,3609],{"class":53},[39,117527,1843],{"class":57},[39,117529,61],{"class":53},[39,117531,64],{"class":57},[39,117533,61],{"class":53},[39,117535,6073],{"class":57},[39,117537,61],{"class":53},[39,117539,5210],{"class":57},[39,117541,3340],{"class":53},[20,117543,13472],{},[176,117545,117546,117551],{},[179,117547,117548,117550],{},[15,117549,117482],{}," is a new sorted list",[179,117552,117553,112087],{},[15,117554,1457],{},[20,117556,117557,117558,117],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[195,117559,78098],{"href":78097},[160,117561,117563],{"id":117562},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117565,117566,117568],{},[15,117567,74145],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[988,117570,117571],{"id":7810},"List",[30,117573,117575],{"className":32,"code":117574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117576,117577,117597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117578,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117580,1379],{"class":45},[39,117582,50],{"class":49},[39,117584,3327],{"class":53},[39,117586,307],{"class":57},[39,117588,61],{"class":53},[39,117590,5210],{"class":57},[39,117592,61],{"class":53},[39,117594,64],{"class":57},[39,117596,3340],{"class":53},[39,117598,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117600,137],{"class":136},[39,117602,124],{"class":53},[39,117604,74235],{"class":136},[39,117606,124],{"class":53},[39,117608,1457],{"class":120},[39,117610,486],{"class":53},[20,117612,353],{},[30,117614,117615],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117616,117617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117618,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117620,3609],{"class":53},[39,117622,58],{"class":57},[39,117624,61],{"class":53},[39,117626,64],{"class":57},[39,117628,61],{"class":53},[39,117630,69],{"class":57},[39,117632,3340],{"class":53},[988,117634,117635],{"id":48670},"Tuple",[30,117637,117639],{"className":32,"code":117638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117640,117641,117661,117675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117642,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117644,3529],{"class":45},[39,117646,50],{"class":49},[39,117648,933],{"class":53},[39,117650,307],{"class":57},[39,117652,61],{"class":53},[39,117654,5210],{"class":57},[39,117656,61],{"class":53},[39,117658,64],{"class":57},[39,117660,130],{"class":53},[39,117662,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117664,137],{"class":136},[39,117666,124],{"class":53},[39,117668,74235],{"class":136},[39,117670,124],{"class":53},[39,117672,5070],{"class":120},[39,117674,486],{"class":53},[39,117676,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,117678,137],{"class":136},[39,117680,124],{"class":53},[39,117682,479],{"class":478},[39,117684,124],{"class":53},[39,117686,74235],{"class":136},[39,117688,124],{"class":53},[39,117690,5070],{"class":120},[39,117692,2619],{"class":53},[20,117694,353],{},[30,117696,117698],{"className":32,"code":117697,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117699,117700,117716],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117701,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117703,3609],{"class":53},[39,117705,58],{"class":57},[39,117707,61],{"class":53},[39,117709,64],{"class":57},[39,117711,61],{"class":53},[39,117713,69],{"class":57},[39,117715,3340],{"class":53},[39,117717,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117719,510],{"class":49},[39,117721,514],{"class":513},[39,117723,518],{"class":517},[39,117725,7810],{"class":521},[39,117727,524],{"class":517},[39,117729,527],{"class":49},[988,117731,117732],{"id":384},"Set",[30,117734,117736],{"className":32,"code":117735,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117737,117738,117758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117739,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117741,3529],{"class":45},[39,117743,50],{"class":49},[39,117745,54],{"class":53},[39,117747,307],{"class":57},[39,117749,61],{"class":53},[39,117751,5210],{"class":57},[39,117753,61],{"class":53},[39,117755,64],{"class":57},[39,117757,72],{"class":53},[39,117759,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117761,137],{"class":136},[39,117763,124],{"class":53},[39,117765,74235],{"class":136},[39,117767,124],{"class":53},[39,117769,5070],{"class":120},[39,117771,486],{"class":53},[20,117773,353],{},[30,117775,117776],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117777,117778],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117779,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117781,3609],{"class":53},[39,117783,58],{"class":57},[39,117785,61],{"class":53},[39,117787,64],{"class":57},[39,117789,61],{"class":53},[39,117791,69],{"class":57},[39,117793,3340],{"class":53},[988,117795,117796],{"id":60894},"String",[30,117798,117800],{"className":32,"code":117799,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117801,117802,117814],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117805,34398],{"class":45},[39,117807,50],{"class":49},[39,117809,572],{"class":517},[39,117811,34],{"class":521},[39,117813,3062],{"class":517},[39,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117817,137],{"class":136},[39,117819,124],{"class":53},[39,117821,74235],{"class":136},[39,117823,124],{"class":53},[39,117825,34419],{"class":120},[39,117827,486],{"class":53},[20,117829,353],{},[30,117831,117832],{"className":32,"code":79115,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117833,117834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117837,3609],{"class":53},[39,117839,524],{"class":517},[39,117841,60158],{"class":521},[39,117843,524],{"class":517},[39,117845,61],{"class":53},[39,117847,518],{"class":517},[39,117849,75751],{"class":521},[39,117851,524],{"class":517},[39,117853,61],{"class":53},[39,117855,518],{"class":517},[39,117857,60193],{"class":521},[39,117859,524],{"class":517},[39,117861,61],{"class":53},[39,117863,518],{"class":517},[39,117865,20],{"class":521},[39,117867,524],{"class":517},[39,117869,61],{"class":53},[39,117871,518],{"class":517},[39,117873,63007],{"class":521},[39,117875,524],{"class":517},[39,117877,61],{"class":53},[39,117879,518],{"class":517},[39,117881,11457],{"class":521},[39,117883,524],{"class":517},[39,117885,3340],{"class":53},[988,117887,28932],{"id":15314},[20,117889,63260,117890,117892],{},[15,117891,74145],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[30,117894,117896],{"className":32,"code":117895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117897,117898,117950],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117901,12913],{"class":45},[39,117903,50],{"class":49},[39,117905,54],{"class":53},[39,117907,562],{"class":517},[39,117909,7382],{"class":521},[39,117911,562],{"class":517},[39,117913,1250],{"class":53},[39,117915,572],{"class":517},[39,117917,12593],{"class":521},[39,117919,562],{"class":517},[39,117921,61],{"class":53},[39,117923,572],{"class":517},[39,117925,9015],{"class":521},[39,117927,562],{"class":517},[39,117929,1250],{"class":53},[39,117931,7505],{"class":57},[39,117933,61],{"class":53},[39,117935,572],{"class":517},[39,117937,10124],{"class":521},[39,117939,562],{"class":517},[39,117941,1250],{"class":53},[39,117943,572],{"class":517},[39,117945,15740],{"class":521},[39,117947,562],{"class":517},[39,117949,72],{"class":53},[39,117951,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,117953,137],{"class":136},[39,117955,124],{"class":53},[39,117957,74235],{"class":136},[39,117959,124],{"class":53},[39,117961,17016],{"class":120},[39,117963,486],{"class":53},[20,117965,353],{},[30,117967,117969],{"className":32,"code":117968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117970,117971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117972,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117974,3609],{"class":53},[39,117976,524],{"class":517},[39,117978,9015],{"class":521},[39,117980,524],{"class":517},[39,117982,61],{"class":53},[39,117984,518],{"class":517},[39,117986,10124],{"class":521},[39,117988,524],{"class":517},[39,117990,61],{"class":53},[39,117992,518],{"class":517},[39,117994,7382],{"class":521},[39,117996,524],{"class":517},[39,117998,3340],{"class":53},[160,118000,718,118002],{"id":118001},"using-reversetrue",[15,118003,77812],{},[20,118005,154,118006,118008],{},[15,118007,77812],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[30,118010,118012],{"className":32,"code":118011,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118013,118014,118034,118038,118052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118015,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118017,1379],{"class":45},[39,118019,50],{"class":49},[39,118021,3327],{"class":53},[39,118023,307],{"class":57},[39,118025,61],{"class":53},[39,118027,5210],{"class":57},[39,118029,61],{"class":53},[39,118031,64],{"class":57},[39,118033,3340],{"class":53},[39,118035,118036],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118037,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,118039,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118041,137],{"class":136},[39,118043,124],{"class":53},[39,118045,74235],{"class":136},[39,118047,124],{"class":53},[39,118049,1457],{"class":120},[39,118051,486],{"class":53},[39,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118055,137],{"class":136},[39,118057,124],{"class":53},[39,118059,74235],{"class":136},[39,118061,124],{"class":53},[39,118063,1457],{"class":120},[39,118065,61],{"class":53},[39,118067,77791],{"class":8893},[39,118069,50],{"class":49},[39,118071,3308],{"class":3559},[39,118073,486],{"class":53},[20,118075,353],{},[30,118077,118079],{"className":32,"code":118078,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118080,118081,118097],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118082,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118084,3609],{"class":53},[39,118086,58],{"class":57},[39,118088,61],{"class":53},[39,118090,64],{"class":57},[39,118092,61],{"class":53},[39,118094,69],{"class":57},[39,118096,3340],{"class":53},[39,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118100,3609],{"class":53},[39,118102,307],{"class":57},[39,118104,61],{"class":53},[39,118106,64],{"class":57},[39,118108,61],{"class":53},[39,118110,5210],{"class":57},[39,118112,3340],{"class":53},[20,118114,118115],{},"This also works with strings:",[30,118117,118119],{"className":32,"code":118118,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118120,118121,118153,118157,118171],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118122,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118124,3780],{"class":45},[39,118126,50],{"class":49},[39,118128,3327],{"class":53},[39,118130,562],{"class":517},[39,118132,3789],{"class":521},[39,118134,562],{"class":517},[39,118136,61],{"class":53},[39,118138,572],{"class":517},[39,118140,3798],{"class":521},[39,118142,562],{"class":517},[39,118144,61],{"class":53},[39,118146,572],{"class":517},[39,118148,3807],{"class":521},[39,118150,562],{"class":517},[39,118152,3340],{"class":53},[39,118154,118155],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118156,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,118158,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118160,137],{"class":136},[39,118162,124],{"class":53},[39,118164,74235],{"class":136},[39,118166,124],{"class":53},[39,118168,3824],{"class":120},[39,118170,486],{"class":53},[39,118172,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118174,137],{"class":136},[39,118176,124],{"class":53},[39,118178,74235],{"class":136},[39,118180,124],{"class":53},[39,118182,3824],{"class":120},[39,118184,61],{"class":53},[39,118186,77791],{"class":8893},[39,118188,50],{"class":49},[39,118190,3308],{"class":3559},[39,118192,486],{"class":53},[20,118194,353],{},[30,118196,118197],{"className":32,"code":73879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,118198,118199,118227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118200,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118202,3609],{"class":53},[39,118204,524],{"class":517},[39,118206,3789],{"class":521},[39,118208,524],{"class":517},[39,118210,61],{"class":53},[39,118212,518],{"class":517},[39,118214,3798],{"class":521},[39,118216,524],{"class":517},[39,118218,61],{"class":53},[39,118220,518],{"class":517},[39,118222,3807],{"class":521},[39,118224,524],{"class":517},[39,118226,3340],{"class":53},[39,118228,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118230,3609],{"class":53},[39,118232,524],{"class":517},[39,118234,3807],{"class":521},[39,118236,524],{"class":517},[39,118238,61],{"class":53},[39,118240,518],{"class":517},[39,118242,3798],{"class":521},[39,118244,524],{"class":517},[39,118246,61],{"class":53},[39,118248,518],{"class":517},[39,118250,3789],{"class":521},[39,118252,524],{"class":517},[39,118254,3340],{"class":53},[160,118256,718,118258,118261],{"id":118257},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118259,118260],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118263,22,118264,118266],{},[15,118265,118260],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118268,118269],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118271,118272],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[30,118274,118276],{"className":32,"code":118275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118277,118278,118318,118322,118344],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118279,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118281,3780],{"class":45},[39,118283,50],{"class":49},[39,118285,3327],{"class":53},[39,118287,562],{"class":517},[39,118289,78465],{"class":521},[39,118291,562],{"class":517},[39,118293,61],{"class":53},[39,118295,572],{"class":517},[39,118297,38071],{"class":521},[39,118299,562],{"class":517},[39,118301,61],{"class":53},[39,118303,572],{"class":517},[39,118305,3798],{"class":521},[39,118307,562],{"class":517},[39,118309,61],{"class":53},[39,118311,572],{"class":517},[39,118313,38054],{"class":521},[39,118315,562],{"class":517},[39,118317,3340],{"class":53},[39,118319,118320],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118321,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,118323,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118325,109],{"class":45},[39,118327,50],{"class":49},[39,118329,74279],{"class":136},[39,118331,124],{"class":53},[39,118333,3824],{"class":120},[39,118335,61],{"class":53},[39,118337,21287],{"class":8893},[39,118339,50],{"class":49},[39,118341,1361],{"class":136},[39,118343,130],{"class":53},[39,118345,118346,118348,118350,118352],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118347,137],{"class":136},[39,118349,124],{"class":53},[39,118351,142],{"class":120},[39,118353,130],{"class":53},[20,118355,353],{},[30,118357,118359],{"className":32,"code":118358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118360,118361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118362,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118364,3609],{"class":53},[39,118366,524],{"class":517},[39,118368,38071],{"class":521},[39,118370,524],{"class":517},[39,118372,61],{"class":53},[39,118374,518],{"class":517},[39,118376,78465],{"class":521},[39,118378,524],{"class":517},[39,118380,61],{"class":53},[39,118382,518],{"class":517},[39,118384,38054],{"class":521},[39,118386,524],{"class":517},[39,118388,61],{"class":53},[39,118390,518],{"class":517},[39,118392,3798],{"class":521},[39,118394,524],{"class":517},[39,118396,3340],{"class":53},[20,118398,20478,118399,118401],{},[15,118400,1361],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118403,118404],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[30,118406,118408],{"className":32,"code":118407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118409,118410,118443,118447,118473],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118411,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118439,118441],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118413,3780],{"class":45},[39,118415,50],{"class":49},[39,118417,3327],{"class":53},[39,118419,562],{"class":517},[39,118421,83083],{"class":521},[39,118423,562],{"class":517},[39,118425,61],{"class":53},[39,118427,572],{"class":517},[39,118429,3789],{"class":521},[39,118431,562],{"class":517},[39,118433,61],{"class":53},[39,118435,572],{"class":517},[39,118437,118438],{"class":521},"Cherry",[39,118440,562],{"class":517},[39,118442,3340],{"class":53},[39,118444,118445],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118446,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,118448,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118450,109],{"class":45},[39,118452,50],{"class":49},[39,118454,74279],{"class":136},[39,118456,124],{"class":53},[39,118458,3824],{"class":120},[39,118460,61],{"class":53},[39,118462,21287],{"class":8893},[39,118464,50],{"class":49},[39,118466,3147],{"class":478},[39,118468,117],{"class":53},[39,118470,8358],{"class":24457},[39,118472,130],{"class":53},[39,118474,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118476,137],{"class":136},[39,118478,124],{"class":53},[39,118480,142],{"class":120},[39,118482,130],{"class":53},[20,118484,353],{},[30,118486,118488],{"className":32,"code":118487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118489,118490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118491,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118493,3609],{"class":53},[39,118495,524],{"class":517},[39,118497,3789],{"class":521},[39,118499,524],{"class":517},[39,118501,61],{"class":53},[39,118503,518],{"class":517},[39,118505,83083],{"class":521},[39,118507,524],{"class":517},[39,118509,61],{"class":53},[39,118511,518],{"class":517},[39,118513,118438],{"class":521},[39,118515,524],{"class":517},[39,118517,3340],{"class":53},[20,118519,118520,118521,35041,118523,117],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118522,42076],{},[195,118524,13,118525,3213],{"href":42073},[15,118526,42076],{},[160,118528,118530,980,118532],{"id":118529},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118531,74145],{},[15,118533,77588],{},[20,118535,118536],{},"The main difference is this:",[176,118538,118539,118544],{},[179,118540,118541,118543],{},[15,118542,74145],{}," returns a new list",[179,118545,118546,73683],{},[15,118547,77588],{},[20,118549,118550],{},"Also:",[176,118552,118553,118558],{},[179,118554,118555,118557],{},[15,118556,74145],{}," works with many iterables",[179,118559,118560,79021],{},[15,118561,77588],{},[20,118563,154,118564,10315],{},[15,118565,74145],{},[176,118567,118568,118571],{},[179,118569,118570],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[179,118572,118573],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118575,118576,118577,117],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[195,118578,13,118579,980,118581,5496],{"href":78846},[15,118580,74145],{},[15,118582,77588],{},[160,118584,118586],{"id":118585},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118588,118589,118590,117],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118591,74145],{},[988,118593,118595],{"id":118594},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118597,118598,118599,1250],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118600,2711],{},[30,118602,118604],{"className":32,"code":118603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118605,118606,118630],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118607,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118609,3529],{"class":45},[39,118611,50],{"class":49},[39,118613,3327],{"class":53},[39,118615,58],{"class":57},[39,118617,61],{"class":53},[39,118619,572],{"class":517},[39,118621,85],{"class":521},[39,118623,562],{"class":517},[39,118625,61],{"class":53},[39,118627,69],{"class":57},[39,118629,3340],{"class":53},[39,118631,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118633,137],{"class":136},[39,118635,124],{"class":53},[39,118637,74235],{"class":136},[39,118639,124],{"class":53},[39,118641,5070],{"class":120},[39,118643,486],{"class":53},[20,118645,118646],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[988,118648,118650,118651,2009],{"id":118649},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118652,14550],{},[20,118654,118655],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118657,267],{},[30,118659,118661],{"className":32,"code":118660,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118662,118663,118683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118664,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118666,1379],{"class":45},[39,118668,50],{"class":49},[39,118670,3327],{"class":53},[39,118672,2037],{"class":57},[39,118674,61],{"class":53},[39,118676,64],{"class":57},[39,118678,61],{"class":53},[39,118680,7510],{"class":57},[39,118682,3340],{"class":53},[39,118684,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118686,137],{"class":136},[39,118688,124],{"class":53},[39,118690,74235],{"class":136},[39,118692,124],{"class":53},[39,118694,1457],{"class":120},[39,118696,61],{"class":53},[39,118698,21287],{"class":8893},[39,118700,50],{"class":49},[39,118702,1361],{"class":136},[39,118704,486],{"class":53},[20,118706,48227,118707,118709],{},[15,118708,42076],{}," does not work on integers.",[988,118711,118713],{"id":118712},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118715,118716],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[30,118718,118720],{"className":32,"code":118719,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118721,118722,118742,118752,118756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118723,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118725,1379],{"class":45},[39,118727,50],{"class":49},[39,118729,3327],{"class":53},[39,118731,307],{"class":57},[39,118733,61],{"class":53},[39,118735,5210],{"class":57},[39,118737,61],{"class":53},[39,118739,64],{"class":57},[39,118741,3340],{"class":53},[39,118743,118744,118746,118748,118750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118745,74235],{"class":136},[39,118747,124],{"class":53},[39,118749,1457],{"class":120},[39,118751,130],{"class":53},[39,118753,118754],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118755,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,118757,118758,118760,118762,118764],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118759,137],{"class":136},[39,118761,124],{"class":53},[39,118763,1457],{"class":120},[39,118765,130],{"class":53},[20,118767,353],{},[30,118769,118771],{"className":32,"code":118770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118772,118773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118774,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118776,3609],{"class":53},[39,118778,307],{"class":57},[39,118780,61],{"class":53},[39,118782,5210],{"class":57},[39,118784,61],{"class":53},[39,118786,64],{"class":57},[39,118788,3340],{"class":53},[20,118790,118791],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[160,118793,2537],{"id":2536},[176,118795,118796,118800,118803,118808,118812],{},[179,118797,4289,118798,73683],{},[15,118799,74145],{},[179,118801,118802],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[179,118804,4414,118805,118807],{},[15,118806,74145],{}," always returns a list",[179,118809,718,118810,22810],{},[15,118811,118260],{},[179,118813,29359,118814,118816,118817],{},[15,118815,64032],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118818,74145],{},[20,118820,118821],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[30,118823,118825],{"className":32,"code":118824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118826,118827,118849,118875,118913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118828,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118830,137],{"class":136},[39,118832,124],{"class":53},[39,118834,74235],{"class":136},[39,118836,917],{"class":53},[39,118838,307],{"class":57},[39,118840,61],{"class":53},[39,118842,5210],{"class":57},[39,118844,61],{"class":53},[39,118846,64],{"class":57},[39,118848,2705],{"class":53},[39,118850,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,118852,137],{"class":136},[39,118854,124],{"class":53},[39,118856,479],{"class":478},[39,118858,124],{"class":53},[39,118860,74235],{"class":136},[39,118862,5223],{"class":53},[39,118864,307],{"class":57},[39,118866,61],{"class":53},[39,118868,5210],{"class":57},[39,118870,61],{"class":53},[39,118872,64],{"class":57},[39,118874,93086],{"class":53},[39,118876,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,118878,137],{"class":136},[39,118880,124],{"class":53},[39,118882,74235],{"class":136},[39,118884,917],{"class":53},[39,118886,524],{"class":517},[39,118888,83083],{"class":521},[39,118890,524],{"class":517},[39,118892,61],{"class":53},[39,118894,518],{"class":517},[39,118896,3789],{"class":521},[39,118898,524],{"class":517},[39,118900,930],{"class":53},[39,118902,21287],{"class":8893},[39,118904,50],{"class":49},[39,118906,3147],{"class":478},[39,118908,117],{"class":53},[39,118910,8358],{"class":24457},[39,118912,486],{"class":53},[39,118914,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,118916,137],{"class":136},[39,118918,124],{"class":53},[39,118920,74235],{"class":136},[39,118922,917],{"class":53},[39,118924,307],{"class":57},[39,118926,61],{"class":53},[39,118928,5210],{"class":57},[39,118930,61],{"class":53},[39,118932,64],{"class":57},[39,118934,930],{"class":53},[39,118936,77791],{"class":8893},[39,118938,50],{"class":49},[39,118940,3308],{"class":3559},[39,118942,486],{"class":53},[20,118944,118945,118946,117],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[195,118947,52490],{"href":50697},[160,118949,1563],{"id":1562},[988,118951,1567,118953,56882],{"id":118952},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118954,74145],{},[20,118956,118957],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[988,118959,4853,118961,12428],{"id":118960},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118962,74145],{},[20,118964,118965],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[988,118967,118969,118970,10806,118972,2199],{"id":118968},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118971,74145],{},[15,118973,77588],{},[20,118975,154,118976,118978],{},[15,118977,74145],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[988,118980,4853,118982,86170,118984,2199],{"id":118981},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118983,118260],{},[15,118985,74145],{},[20,118987,118988],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[988,118990,4869,118992,118994,118995,2199],{"id":118991},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118993,74145],{}," give a ",[15,118996,2711],{},[20,118998,118999],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[160,119001,1613],{"id":1612},[176,119003,119004,119008,119016,119020,119026,119032],{},[179,119005,119006],{},[195,119007,79594],{"href":78097},[179,119009,119010],{},[195,119011,13,119012,980,119014,5496],{"href":78846},[15,119013,74145],{},[15,119015,77588],{},[179,119017,119018],{},[195,119019,52490],{"href":50697},[179,119021,119022],{},[195,119023,13,119024,3213],{"href":42073},[15,119025,42076],{},[179,119027,119028],{},[195,119029,13,119030,3213],{"href":91742},[15,119031,35461],{},[179,119033,119034],{},[195,119035,13,119036,3213],{"href":35908},[15,119037,35911],{},[1642,119039,119040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":119042},[119043,119044,119046,119049,119050,119057,119059,119061,119063,119069,119070,119082],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":117323,"depth":75,"text":119045},"What sorted() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":119047},[119048],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":117562,"depth":75,"text":117563,"children":119051},[119052,119053,119054,119055,119056],{"id":7810,"depth":99,"text":117571},{"id":48670,"depth":99,"text":117635},{"id":384,"depth":99,"text":117732},{"id":60894,"depth":99,"text":117796},{"id":15314,"depth":99,"text":28932},{"id":118001,"depth":75,"text":119058},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118257,"depth":75,"text":119060},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118529,"depth":75,"text":119062},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118585,"depth":75,"text":118586,"children":119064},[119065,119066,119068],{"id":118594,"depth":99,"text":118595},{"id":118649,"depth":99,"text":119067},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118712,"depth":99,"text":118713},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":119071},[119072,119074,119076,119078,119080],{"id":118952,"depth":99,"text":119073},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118960,"depth":99,"text":119075},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118968,"depth":99,"text":119077},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118981,"depth":99,"text":119079},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118991,"depth":99,"text":119081},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117225,"description":119083},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119090,"title":119091,"body":119092,"description":121203,"extension":1670,"meta":121204,"navigation":102,"path":78846,"seo":121205,"stem":121206,"__hash__":121207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119093,"toc":121150},[119094,119101,119104,119114,119120,119123,119141,119149,119151,119210,119218,119222,119244,119248,119252,119254,119271,119273,119285,119291,119375,119379,119426,119432,119439,119443,119448,119450,119462,119467,119520,119524,119544,119551,119558,119562,119565,119584,119588,119702,119706,119776,119778,119790,119795,119799,119812,119816,119891,119895,119934,119941,119947,119952,119956,119970,119974,120039,120043,120076,120079,120084,120092,120099,120112,120115,120119,120202,120206,120243,120247,120350,120354,120415,120420,120427,120431,120434,120440,120443,120510,120514,120538,120540,120558,120565,120618,120622,120642,120648,120650,120707,120714,120740,120745,120750,120758,120764,120824,120828,120875,120878,120880,120883,120909,120912,121005,121007,121027,121031,121034,121052,121058,121060,121068,121073,121080,121083,121089,121092,121098,121106,121114,121119,121121,121147],[10,119095,13,119097,980,119099,92800],{"id":119096},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119098,74145],{},[15,119100,77588],{},[20,119102,119103],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[176,119105,119106,119110],{},[179,119107,119108],{},[15,119109,74145],{},[179,119111,119112],{},[15,119113,77588],{},[20,119115,119116,119117,119119],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[382,119118,4340],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119121,119122],{},"The main difference is simple:",[176,119124,119125,119133],{},[179,119126,154,119127,119129,119130],{},[15,119128,74145],{}," when you want a ",[382,119131,119132],{},"new sorted result",[179,119134,154,119135,119137,119138],{},[15,119136,77588],{}," when you want to ",[382,119139,119140],{},"change the original list",[20,119142,119143,119144,2104,119146,119148],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119145,77588],{},[15,119147,3484],{}," and causes confusion.",[160,119150,3313],{"id":3312},[30,119152,119154],{"className":32,"code":119153,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119155,119156,119176,119180,119197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119157,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119159,1379],{"class":45},[39,119161,50],{"class":49},[39,119163,3327],{"class":53},[39,119165,307],{"class":57},[39,119167,61],{"class":53},[39,119169,5210],{"class":57},[39,119171,61],{"class":53},[39,119173,64],{"class":57},[39,119175,3340],{"class":53},[39,119177,119178],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119179,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119183,55609],{"class":45},[39,119185,50],{"class":49},[39,119187,74279],{"class":136},[39,119189,124],{"class":53},[39,119191,1457],{"class":120},[39,119193,3366],{"class":53},[39,119195,119196],{"class":150},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[39,119198,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,119200,1457],{"class":45},[39,119202,117],{"class":53},[39,119204,34510],{"class":120},[39,119206,7079],{"class":53},[39,119208,119209],{"class":150},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119211,154,119212,119214,119215,119217],{},[15,119213,74145],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119216,77588],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[160,119219,119221],{"id":119220},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[176,119223,119224,119229,119234,119241],{},[179,119225,154,119226,119228],{},[15,119227,74145],{}," to get a new sorted list",[179,119230,154,119231,119233],{},[15,119232,77588],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[179,119235,119236,119237,2104,119239],{},"Understand why ",[15,119238,77588],{},[15,119240,3484],{},[179,119242,119243],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[160,119245,3383,119246,3386],{"id":117323},[15,119247,74145],{},[20,119249,119250,62646],{},[15,119251,74145],{},[20,119253,48644],{},[176,119255,119256,119262,119268],{},[179,119257,119258,119259],{},"returns a ",[382,119260,119261],{},"new list",[179,119263,119264,119265,119267],{},"does ",[382,119266,4340],{}," change the original data",[179,119269,119270],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119272,50851],{},[176,119274,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{},[179,119276,5011],{},[179,119278,5014],{},[179,119280,5020],{},[179,119282,5017],{},[179,119284,35622],{},[988,119286,34789,119288,119290],{"id":119287},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119289,74145],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[30,119292,119294],{"className":32,"code":119293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119295,119296,119316,119320,119334,119338,119356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119297,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119299,1379],{"class":45},[39,119301,50],{"class":49},[39,119303,3327],{"class":53},[39,119305,307],{"class":57},[39,119307,61],{"class":53},[39,119309,5210],{"class":57},[39,119311,61],{"class":53},[39,119313,64],{"class":57},[39,119315,3340],{"class":53},[39,119317,119318],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119319,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119321,119322,119324,119326,119328,119330,119332],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119323,109],{"class":45},[39,119325,50],{"class":49},[39,119327,74279],{"class":136},[39,119329,124],{"class":53},[39,119331,1457],{"class":120},[39,119333,130],{"class":53},[39,119335,119336],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,119337,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119339,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,119341,137],{"class":136},[39,119343,124],{"class":53},[39,119345,562],{"class":517},[39,119347,11866],{"class":521},[39,119349,562],{"class":517},[39,119351,61],{"class":53},[39,119353,1433],{"class":120},[39,119355,130],{"class":53},[39,119357,119358,119360,119362,119364,119367,119369,119371,119373],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,119359,137],{"class":136},[39,119361,124],{"class":53},[39,119363,562],{"class":517},[39,119365,119366],{"class":521},"sorted result:",[39,119368,562],{"class":517},[39,119370,61],{"class":53},[39,119372,80938],{"class":120},[39,119374,130],{"class":53},[20,119376,119377],{},[382,119378,353],{},[30,119380,119382],{"className":32,"code":119381,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119383,119384,119404],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119385,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119387,11845],{"class":45},[39,119389,1250],{"class":53},[39,119391,3327],{"class":53},[39,119393,307],{"class":57},[39,119395,61],{"class":53},[39,119397,5210],{"class":57},[39,119399,61],{"class":53},[39,119401,64],{"class":57},[39,119403,3340],{"class":53},[39,119405,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119407,74235],{"class":136},[39,119409,80938],{"class":45},[39,119411,1250],{"class":53},[39,119413,3327],{"class":53},[39,119415,58],{"class":57},[39,119417,61],{"class":53},[39,119419,64],{"class":57},[39,119421,61],{"class":53},[39,119423,69],{"class":57},[39,119425,3340],{"class":53},[20,119427,119428,119429,119431],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119430,1457],{}," stays the same.",[20,119433,119434,119435,117],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[195,119436,13,119437,3213],{"href":74242},[15,119438,74145],{},[160,119440,3383,119441,3386],{"id":77654},[15,119442,77588],{},[20,119444,119445,119447],{},[15,119446,64032],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119449,48644],{},[176,119451,119452,119455,119458],{},[179,119453,119454],{},"changes the original list directly",[179,119456,119457],{},"only works on lists",[179,119459,3398,119460],{},[15,119461,3484],{},[988,119463,34789,119465,73683],{"id":119464},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119466,77588],{},[30,119468,119470],{"className":32,"code":119469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119471,119472,119492,119496,119506,119510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119473,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488,119490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119475,1379],{"class":45},[39,119477,50],{"class":49},[39,119479,3327],{"class":53},[39,119481,307],{"class":57},[39,119483,61],{"class":53},[39,119485,5210],{"class":57},[39,119487,61],{"class":53},[39,119489,64],{"class":57},[39,119491,3340],{"class":53},[39,119493,119494],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119495,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119497,119498,119500,119502,119504],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119499,1457],{"class":45},[39,119501,117],{"class":53},[39,119503,34510],{"class":120},[39,119505,1609],{"class":53},[39,119507,119508],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,119509,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119511,119512,119514,119516,119518],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,119513,137],{"class":136},[39,119515,124],{"class":53},[39,119517,1457],{"class":120},[39,119519,130],{"class":53},[20,119521,119522],{},[382,119523,353],{},[30,119525,119526],{"className":32,"code":54869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,119527,119528],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119529,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119531,3609],{"class":53},[39,119533,58],{"class":57},[39,119535,61],{"class":53},[39,119537,64],{"class":57},[39,119539,61],{"class":53},[39,119541,69],{"class":57},[39,119543,3340],{"class":53},[20,119545,119546,119547,119550],{},"After calling ",[15,119548,119549],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119552,119553,119554,117],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[195,119555,13,119556,1627],{"href":74496},[15,119557,77588],{},[160,119559,119561],{"id":119560},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119563,119564],{},"Here is the core difference:",[176,119566,119567,119576],{},[179,119568,119569,119572,119573],{},[15,119570,119571],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[382,119574,119575],{},"new sorted list",[179,119577,119578,119581,119582,74053],{},[15,119579,119580],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119583,8056],{},[988,119585,119587],{"id":119586},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[30,119589,119591],{"className":32,"code":119590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119592,119593,119613,119617,119631,119650,119669,119673,119683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119594,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609,119611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119596,1379],{"class":45},[39,119598,50],{"class":49},[39,119600,3327],{"class":53},[39,119602,1843],{"class":57},[39,119604,61],{"class":53},[39,119606,64],{"class":57},[39,119608,61],{"class":53},[39,119610,94],{"class":57},[39,119612,3340],{"class":53},[39,119614,119615],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119616,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119618,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119620,46],{"class":45},[39,119622,50],{"class":49},[39,119624,74279],{"class":136},[39,119626,124],{"class":53},[39,119628,1457],{"class":120},[39,119630,130],{"class":53},[39,119632,119633,119635,119637,119639,119642,119644,119646,119648],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,119634,137],{"class":136},[39,119636,124],{"class":53},[39,119638,562],{"class":517},[39,119640,119641],{"class":521},"numbers after sorted():",[39,119643,562],{"class":517},[39,119645,61],{"class":53},[39,119647,1433],{"class":120},[39,119649,130],{"class":53},[39,119651,119652,119654,119656,119658,119661,119663,119665,119667],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,119653,137],{"class":136},[39,119655,124],{"class":53},[39,119657,562],{"class":517},[39,119659,119660],{"class":521},"a:",[39,119662,562],{"class":517},[39,119664,61],{"class":53},[39,119666,114],{"class":120},[39,119668,130],{"class":53},[39,119670,119671],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,119672,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119674,119675,119677,119679,119681],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,119676,1457],{"class":45},[39,119678,117],{"class":53},[39,119680,34510],{"class":120},[39,119682,1609],{"class":53},[39,119684,119685,119687,119689,119691,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,119686,137],{"class":136},[39,119688,124],{"class":53},[39,119690,562],{"class":517},[39,119692,119693],{"class":521},"numbers after sort():",[39,119695,562],{"class":517},[39,119697,61],{"class":53},[39,119699,1433],{"class":120},[39,119701,130],{"class":53},[20,119703,119704],{},[382,119705,353],{},[30,119707,119709],{"className":32,"code":119708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119710,119711,119734,119754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119712,119713,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119714,119715],{"class":45},"numbers after ",[39,119717,74235],{"class":136},[39,119719,29293],{"class":53},[39,119721,3327],{"class":53},[39,119723,1843],{"class":57},[39,119725,61],{"class":53},[39,119727,64],{"class":57},[39,119729,61],{"class":53},[39,119731,94],{"class":57},[39,119733,3340],{"class":53},[39,119735,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119737,195],{"class":45},[39,119739,1250],{"class":53},[39,119741,3327],{"class":53},[39,119743,85],{"class":57},[39,119745,61],{"class":53},[39,119747,94],{"class":57},[39,119749,61],{"class":53},[39,119751,316],{"class":57},[39,119753,3340],{"class":53},[39,119755,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119757,119715],{"class":45},[39,119759,34510],{"class":120},[39,119761,29293],{"class":53},[39,119763,3327],{"class":53},[39,119765,85],{"class":57},[39,119767,61],{"class":53},[39,119769,94],{"class":57},[39,119771,61],{"class":53},[39,119773,316],{"class":57},[39,119775,3340],{"class":53},[20,119777,10427],{},[176,119779,119780,119785],{},[179,119781,119782,119784],{},[15,119783,74145],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[179,119786,119787,119789],{},[15,119788,64032],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[160,119791,4671,119793],{"id":119792},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119794,74145],{},[20,119796,154,119797,10315],{},[15,119798,74145],{},[176,119800,119801,119804,119806,119809],{},[179,119802,119803],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[179,119805,118573],{},[179,119807,119808],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[179,119810,119811],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[988,119813,119815],{"id":119814},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[30,119817,119819],{"className":32,"code":119818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119820,119821,119845,119849,119863,119867,119877],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119822,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119824,1379],{"class":45},[39,119826,50],{"class":49},[39,119828,933],{"class":53},[39,119830,2212],{"class":57},[39,119832,61],{"class":53},[39,119834,5210],{"class":57},[39,119836,61],{"class":53},[39,119838,69],{"class":57},[39,119840,61],{"class":53},[39,119842,64],{"class":57},[39,119844,130],{"class":53},[39,119846,119847],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119848,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119850,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,119852,109],{"class":45},[39,119854,50],{"class":49},[39,119856,74279],{"class":136},[39,119858,124],{"class":53},[39,119860,1457],{"class":120},[39,119862,130],{"class":53},[39,119864,119865],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,119866,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,119868,119869,119871,119873,119875],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,119870,137],{"class":136},[39,119872,124],{"class":53},[39,119874,142],{"class":120},[39,119876,130],{"class":53},[39,119878,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,119880,137],{"class":136},[39,119882,124],{"class":53},[39,119884,479],{"class":478},[39,119886,124],{"class":53},[39,119888,142],{"class":120},[39,119890,486],{"class":53},[20,119892,119893],{},[382,119894,353],{},[30,119896,119898],{"className":32,"code":119897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119899,119900,119920],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119901,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119903,3609],{"class":53},[39,119905,58],{"class":57},[39,119907,61],{"class":53},[39,119909,64],{"class":57},[39,119911,61],{"class":53},[39,119913,69],{"class":57},[39,119915,61],{"class":53},[39,119917,94],{"class":57},[39,119919,3340],{"class":53},[39,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,119923,510],{"class":49},[39,119925,514],{"class":513},[39,119927,518],{"class":517},[39,119929,7810],{"class":521},[39,119931,524],{"class":517},[39,119933,527],{"class":49},[20,119935,1992,119936,119938,119939,117],{},[15,119937,74145],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[382,119940,7810],{},[20,119942,119943,119944,119946],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[195,119945,52490],{"href":50697}," is a helpful next step.",[160,119948,4671,119950],{"id":119949},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119951,77588],{},[20,119953,154,119954,10315],{},[15,119955,77588],{},[176,119957,119958,119961,119964,119967],{},[179,119959,119960],{},"you already have a list",[179,119962,119963],{},"you want to update that list directly",[179,119965,119966],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[179,119968,119969],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[988,119971,119973],{"id":119972},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[30,119975,119977],{"className":32,"code":119976,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119978,119979,120011,120015,120025,120029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119980,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119982,4705],{"class":45},[39,119984,50],{"class":49},[39,119986,3327],{"class":53},[39,119988,562],{"class":517},[39,119990,4732],{"class":521},[39,119992,562],{"class":517},[39,119994,61],{"class":53},[39,119996,572],{"class":517},[39,119998,4714],{"class":521},[39,120000,562],{"class":517},[39,120002,61],{"class":53},[39,120004,572],{"class":517},[39,120006,4723],{"class":521},[39,120008,562],{"class":517},[39,120010,3340],{"class":53},[39,120012,120013],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120014,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120016,120017,120019,120021,120023],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120018,4749],{"class":45},[39,120020,117],{"class":53},[39,120022,34510],{"class":120},[39,120024,1609],{"class":53},[39,120026,120027],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120028,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120030,120031,120033,120035,120037],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120032,137],{"class":136},[39,120034,124],{"class":53},[39,120036,4749],{"class":120},[39,120038,130],{"class":53},[20,120040,120041],{},[382,120042,353],{},[30,120044,120046],{"className":32,"code":120045,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120047,120048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120049,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120051,3609],{"class":53},[39,120053,524],{"class":517},[39,120055,4714],{"class":521},[39,120057,524],{"class":517},[39,120059,61],{"class":53},[39,120061,518],{"class":517},[39,120063,4723],{"class":521},[39,120065,524],{"class":517},[39,120067,61],{"class":53},[39,120069,518],{"class":517},[39,120071,4732],{"class":521},[39,120073,524],{"class":517},[39,120075,3340],{"class":53},[20,120077,120078],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120080,120081,120082,117],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[195,120083,79594],{"href":78097},[160,120085,120087,4104,120089,120091],{"id":120086},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120088,73298],{},[15,120090,14550],{}," work with both",[20,120093,10304,120094,4104,120096,120098],{},[15,120095,74145],{},[15,120097,77588],{}," support:",[176,120100,120101,120106],{},[179,120102,120103,120105],{},[15,120104,77812],{}," for descending order",[179,120107,120108,120111],{},[15,120109,120110],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120113,120114],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[988,120116,120118],{"id":120117},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[30,120120,120122],{"className":32,"code":120121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120123,120124,120144,120148,120170,120174,120192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120125,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120127,1379],{"class":45},[39,120129,50],{"class":49},[39,120131,3327],{"class":53},[39,120133,307],{"class":57},[39,120135,61],{"class":53},[39,120137,5210],{"class":57},[39,120139,61],{"class":53},[39,120141,64],{"class":57},[39,120143,3340],{"class":53},[39,120145,120146],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120147,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120149,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120151,137],{"class":136},[39,120153,124],{"class":53},[39,120155,74235],{"class":136},[39,120157,124],{"class":53},[39,120159,1457],{"class":120},[39,120161,61],{"class":53},[39,120163,77791],{"class":8893},[39,120165,50],{"class":49},[39,120167,3308],{"class":3559},[39,120169,486],{"class":53},[39,120171,120172],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120173,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120175,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120177,1457],{"class":45},[39,120179,117],{"class":53},[39,120181,34510],{"class":120},[39,120183,124],{"class":53},[39,120185,73298],{"class":8893},[39,120187,50],{"class":49},[39,120189,3308],{"class":3559},[39,120191,130],{"class":53},[39,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,120195,137],{"class":136},[39,120197,124],{"class":53},[39,120199,1457],{"class":120},[39,120201,130],{"class":53},[20,120203,120204],{},[382,120205,353],{},[30,120207,120209],{"className":32,"code":120208,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120210,120211,120227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120212,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120214,3609],{"class":53},[39,120216,307],{"class":57},[39,120218,61],{"class":53},[39,120220,64],{"class":57},[39,120222,61],{"class":53},[39,120224,5210],{"class":57},[39,120226,3340],{"class":53},[39,120228,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120230,3609],{"class":53},[39,120232,307],{"class":57},[39,120234,61],{"class":53},[39,120236,64],{"class":57},[39,120238,61],{"class":53},[39,120240,5210],{"class":57},[39,120242,3340],{"class":53},[988,120244,120246],{"id":120245},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[30,120248,120250],{"className":32,"code":120249,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120251,120252,120284,120288,120314,120318,120340],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120253,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120255,3780],{"class":45},[39,120257,50],{"class":49},[39,120259,3327],{"class":53},[39,120261,562],{"class":517},[39,120263,83083],{"class":521},[39,120265,562],{"class":517},[39,120267,61],{"class":53},[39,120269,572],{"class":517},[39,120271,3789],{"class":521},[39,120273,562],{"class":517},[39,120275,61],{"class":53},[39,120277,572],{"class":517},[39,120279,118438],{"class":521},[39,120281,562],{"class":517},[39,120283,3340],{"class":53},[39,120285,120286],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120287,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120291,137],{"class":136},[39,120293,124],{"class":53},[39,120295,74235],{"class":136},[39,120297,124],{"class":53},[39,120299,3824],{"class":120},[39,120301,61],{"class":53},[39,120303,21287],{"class":8893},[39,120305,50],{"class":49},[39,120307,3147],{"class":478},[39,120309,117],{"class":53},[39,120311,8358],{"class":24457},[39,120313,486],{"class":53},[39,120315,120316],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120317,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120319,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120321,3824],{"class":45},[39,120323,117],{"class":53},[39,120325,34510],{"class":120},[39,120327,124],{"class":53},[39,120329,14550],{"class":8893},[39,120331,50],{"class":49},[39,120333,3147],{"class":478},[39,120335,117],{"class":53},[39,120337,8358],{"class":24457},[39,120339,130],{"class":53},[39,120341,120342,120344,120346,120348],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,120343,137],{"class":136},[39,120345,124],{"class":53},[39,120347,3824],{"class":120},[39,120349,130],{"class":53},[20,120351,120352],{},[382,120353,353],{},[30,120355,120357],{"className":32,"code":120356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120358,120359,120387],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120362,3609],{"class":53},[39,120364,524],{"class":517},[39,120366,3789],{"class":521},[39,120368,524],{"class":517},[39,120370,61],{"class":53},[39,120372,518],{"class":517},[39,120374,83083],{"class":521},[39,120376,524],{"class":517},[39,120378,61],{"class":53},[39,120380,518],{"class":517},[39,120382,118438],{"class":521},[39,120384,524],{"class":517},[39,120386,3340],{"class":53},[39,120388,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120390,3609],{"class":53},[39,120392,524],{"class":517},[39,120394,3789],{"class":521},[39,120396,524],{"class":517},[39,120398,61],{"class":53},[39,120400,518],{"class":517},[39,120402,83083],{"class":521},[39,120404,524],{"class":517},[39,120406,61],{"class":53},[39,120408,518],{"class":517},[39,120410,118438],{"class":521},[39,120412,524],{"class":517},[39,120414,3340],{"class":53},[20,120416,718,120417,120419],{},[15,120418,78306],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120421,120422,120423,117],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[195,120424,120426],{"href":120425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[160,120428,120430],{"id":120429},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120432,120433],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[988,120435,120437,120438,12310],{"id":120436},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120439,77588],{},[20,120441,120442],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[30,120444,120446],{"className":32,"code":120445,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120447,120448,120468,120472,120486,120490,120500],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120449,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120451,1379],{"class":45},[39,120453,50],{"class":49},[39,120455,3327],{"class":53},[39,120457,307],{"class":57},[39,120459,61],{"class":53},[39,120461,5210],{"class":57},[39,120463,61],{"class":53},[39,120465,64],{"class":57},[39,120467,3340],{"class":53},[39,120469,120470],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120471,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120473,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120475,109],{"class":45},[39,120477,50],{"class":49},[39,120479,1433],{"class":45},[39,120481,117],{"class":53},[39,120483,34510],{"class":120},[39,120485,1609],{"class":53},[39,120487,120488],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120489,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120491,120492,120494,120496,120498],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120493,137],{"class":136},[39,120495,124],{"class":53},[39,120497,142],{"class":120},[39,120499,130],{"class":53},[39,120501,120502,120504,120506,120508],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,120503,137],{"class":136},[39,120505,124],{"class":53},[39,120507,1457],{"class":120},[39,120509,130],{"class":53},[20,120511,120512],{},[382,120513,353],{},[30,120515,120516],{"className":32,"code":78929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120517,120518,120522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120519,120520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120521,11520],{"class":3559},[39,120523,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120525,3609],{"class":53},[39,120527,58],{"class":57},[39,120529,61],{"class":53},[39,120531,64],{"class":57},[39,120533,61],{"class":53},[39,120535,69],{"class":57},[39,120537,3340],{"class":53},[20,120539,11612],{},[176,120541,120542,120547,120552],{},[179,120543,120544,120546],{},[15,120545,119549],{}," sorts the list in place",[179,120548,34726,120549,120551],{},[382,120550,4340],{}," return the sorted list",[179,120553,89706,120554,41870,120556],{},[15,120555,142],{},[15,120557,3484],{},[988,120559,120561,120562,120564],{"id":120560},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120563,74145],{}," to change the original list",[30,120566,120568],{"className":32,"code":120567,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120569,120570,120590,120594,120604,120608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120571,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120573,1379],{"class":45},[39,120575,50],{"class":49},[39,120577,3327],{"class":53},[39,120579,307],{"class":57},[39,120581,61],{"class":53},[39,120583,5210],{"class":57},[39,120585,61],{"class":53},[39,120587,64],{"class":57},[39,120589,3340],{"class":53},[39,120591,120592],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120593,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120595,120596,120598,120600,120602],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120597,74235],{"class":136},[39,120599,124],{"class":53},[39,120601,1457],{"class":120},[39,120603,130],{"class":53},[39,120605,120606],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120607,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120609,120610,120612,120614,120616],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120611,137],{"class":136},[39,120613,124],{"class":53},[39,120615,1457],{"class":120},[39,120617,130],{"class":53},[20,120619,120620],{},[382,120621,353],{},[30,120623,120624],{"className":32,"code":118770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120625,120626],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120627,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120629,3609],{"class":53},[39,120631,307],{"class":57},[39,120633,61],{"class":53},[39,120635,5210],{"class":57},[39,120637,61],{"class":53},[39,120639,64],{"class":57},[39,120641,3340],{"class":53},[20,120643,120644,120647],{},[15,120645,120646],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120649,10521],{},[30,120651,120653],{"className":32,"code":120652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120654,120655,120675,120679,120693,120697],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120658,1379],{"class":45},[39,120660,50],{"class":49},[39,120662,3327],{"class":53},[39,120664,307],{"class":57},[39,120666,61],{"class":53},[39,120668,5210],{"class":57},[39,120670,61],{"class":53},[39,120672,64],{"class":57},[39,120674,3340],{"class":53},[39,120676,120677],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120678,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120680,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120682,55361],{"class":45},[39,120684,50],{"class":49},[39,120686,74279],{"class":136},[39,120688,124],{"class":53},[39,120690,1457],{"class":120},[39,120692,130],{"class":53},[39,120694,120695],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120696,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120700,137],{"class":136},[39,120702,124],{"class":53},[39,120704,55380],{"class":120},[39,120706,130],{"class":53},[988,120708,120710,120711,120713],{"id":120709},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120712,64032],{}," on a tuple or string",[30,120715,120716],{"className":32,"code":79031,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120717,120718,120730],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120719,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120721,34398],{"class":45},[39,120723,50],{"class":49},[39,120725,572],{"class":517},[39,120727,34],{"class":521},[39,120729,3062],{"class":517},[39,120731,120732,120734,120736,120738],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120733,34419],{"class":45},[39,120735,117],{"class":53},[39,120737,34510],{"class":120},[39,120739,1609],{"class":53},[20,120741,120742,120743,33310],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120744,64032],{},[20,120746,120747,120749],{},[15,120748,64032],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120751,120752,120753,120755,120756,117],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120754,74145],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[195,120757,4847],{"href":5299},[988,120759,120761,120762,118807],{"id":120760},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120763,74145],{},[30,120765,120767],{"className":32,"code":120766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120768,120769,120782,120796,120800,120810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120780],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120772,34398],{"class":45},[39,120774,50],{"class":49},[39,120776,572],{"class":517},[39,120778,120779],{"class":521},"cab",[39,120781,3062],{"class":517},[39,120783,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120785,109],{"class":45},[39,120787,50],{"class":49},[39,120789,74279],{"class":136},[39,120791,124],{"class":53},[39,120793,34419],{"class":120},[39,120795,130],{"class":53},[39,120797,120798],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120799,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,120801,120802,120804,120806,120808],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120803,137],{"class":136},[39,120805,124],{"class":53},[39,120807,142],{"class":120},[39,120809,130],{"class":53},[39,120811,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120813,137],{"class":136},[39,120815,124],{"class":53},[39,120817,479],{"class":478},[39,120819,124],{"class":53},[39,120821,142],{"class":120},[39,120823,486],{"class":53},[20,120825,120826],{},[382,120827,353],{},[30,120829,120831],{"className":32,"code":120830,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120832,120833,120861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120836,3609],{"class":53},[39,120838,524],{"class":517},[39,120840,195],{"class":521},[39,120842,524],{"class":517},[39,120844,61],{"class":53},[39,120846,518],{"class":517},[39,120848,127],{"class":521},[39,120850,524],{"class":517},[39,120852,61],{"class":53},[39,120854,518],{"class":517},[39,120856,9454],{"class":521},[39,120858,524],{"class":517},[39,120860,3340],{"class":53},[39,120862,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120864,510],{"class":49},[39,120866,514],{"class":513},[39,120868,518],{"class":517},[39,120870,7810],{"class":521},[39,120872,524],{"class":517},[39,120874,527],{"class":49},[20,120876,120877],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[160,120879,113328],{"id":113327},[20,120881,120882],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[176,120884,120885,120888,120893,120898,120904],{},[179,120886,120887],{},"confusing a function with a method",[179,120889,120890,120891,53363],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120892,64032],{},[179,120894,120895,120896,12310],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120897,77588],{},[179,120899,120900,120901,120903],{},"trying to use ",[15,120902,64032],{}," on non-list data types",[179,120905,50223,120906,120908],{},[15,120907,74145],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120910,120911],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,120913,120915],{"className":32,"code":120914,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120916,120917,120927,120941,120966,120981,120991],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120918,120919,120921,120923,120925],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120920,137],{"class":136},[39,120922,124],{"class":53},[39,120924,8056],{"class":120},[39,120926,130],{"class":53},[39,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,120930,137],{"class":136},[39,120932,124],{"class":53},[39,120934,74235],{"class":136},[39,120936,124],{"class":53},[39,120938,8056],{"class":120},[39,120940,486],{"class":53},[39,120942,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120958,120960,120962,120964],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,120944,109],{"class":45},[39,120946,50],{"class":49},[39,120948,8113],{"class":45},[39,120950,117],{"class":53},[39,120952,34510],{"class":120},[39,120954,7079],{"class":53},[39,120956,120957],{"class":45},"; ",[39,120959,137],{"class":136},[39,120961,124],{"class":53},[39,120963,142],{"class":120},[39,120965,130],{"class":53},[39,120967,120968,120970,120972,120974,120976,120979],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,120969,137],{"class":136},[39,120971,124],{"class":53},[39,120973,479],{"class":478},[39,120975,124],{"class":53},[39,120977,120978],{"class":120},"my_data",[39,120980,486],{"class":53},[39,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,120984,31861],{"class":136},[39,120986,124],{"class":53},[39,120988,74235],{"class":136},[39,120990,130],{"class":53},[39,120992,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,120994,31861],{"class":136},[39,120996,124],{"class":53},[39,120998,7810],{"class":478},[39,121000,117],{"class":53},[39,121002,34510],{"class":24457},[39,121004,130],{"class":53},[20,121006,84093],{},[176,121008,121009,121012,121016,121024],{},[179,121010,121011],{},"whether your original list changed",[179,121013,25727,121014,11417],{},[15,121015,74145],{},[179,121017,121018,121019,121021,121022],{},"whether ",[15,121020,64032],{}," returned ",[15,121023,3484],{},[179,121025,121026],{},"what type of object you are working with",[160,121028,121030],{"id":121029},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121032,121033],{},"Use this rule:",[176,121035,121036,121044],{},[179,121037,121038,121039,121041,121042],{},"Need a ",[382,121040,119132],{},": use ",[15,121043,74145],{},[179,121045,121046,121047,121041,121050],{},"Need to ",[382,121048,121049],{},"change one list directly",[15,121051,77588],{},[20,121053,121054,121055,121057],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121056,74145],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[160,121059,1563],{"id":1562},[988,121061,121063,121064,1292,121066,2199],{"id":121062},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121065,74145],{},[15,121067,77588],{},[20,121069,121070,121072],{},[15,121071,74145],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[988,121074,4869,121076,4872,121078,2199],{"id":121075},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121077,77588],{},[15,121079,3484],{},[20,121081,121082],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[988,121084,1577,121086,121088],{"id":121085},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121087,74145],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121090,121091],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[988,121093,28037,121095,121097],{"id":121094},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121096,64032],{}," on a string?",[20,121099,46081,121100,121102,121103,39643],{},[15,121101,64032],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121104,121105],{},"sorted(string)",[988,121107,11531,121109,4104,121111,121113],{"id":121108},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121110,74145],{},[15,121112,64032],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121115,121116,121117,117],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121118,77812],{},[160,121120,1613],{"id":1612},[176,121122,121123,121129,121135,121139,121143],{},[179,121124,121125],{},[195,121126,13,121127,3213],{"href":74242},[15,121128,74145],{},[179,121130,121131],{},[195,121132,13,121133,1627],{"href":74496},[15,121134,77588],{},[179,121136,121137],{},[195,121138,79594],{"href":78097},[179,121140,121141],{},[195,121142,120426],{"href":120425},[179,121144,121145],{},[195,121146,52490],{"href":50697},[1642,121148,121149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":121151},[121152,121153,121154,121158,121162,121165,121169,121173,121178,121188,121189,121190,121202],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":119220,"depth":75,"text":119221},{"id":117323,"depth":75,"text":119045,"children":121155},[121156],{"id":119287,"depth":99,"text":121157},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77654,"depth":75,"text":79616,"children":121159},[121160],{"id":119464,"depth":99,"text":121161},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119560,"depth":75,"text":119561,"children":121163},[121164],{"id":119586,"depth":99,"text":119587},{"id":119792,"depth":75,"text":121166,"children":121167},"When to use sorted()",[121168],{"id":119814,"depth":99,"text":119815},{"id":119949,"depth":75,"text":121170,"children":121171},"When to use list.sort()",[121172],{"id":119972,"depth":99,"text":119973},{"id":120086,"depth":75,"text":121174,"children":121175},"reverse and key work with both",[121176,121177],{"id":120117,"depth":99,"text":120118},{"id":120245,"depth":99,"text":120246},{"id":120429,"depth":75,"text":120430,"children":121179},[121180,121182,121184,121186],{"id":120436,"depth":99,"text":121181},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120560,"depth":99,"text":121183},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120709,"depth":99,"text":121185},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120760,"depth":99,"text":121187},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113327,"depth":75,"text":113328},{"id":121029,"depth":75,"text":121030},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":121191},[121192,121194,121196,121198,121200],{"id":121062,"depth":99,"text":121193},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121075,"depth":99,"text":121195},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121085,"depth":99,"text":121197},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121094,"depth":99,"text":121199},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121108,"depth":99,"text":121201},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119091,"description":121203},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121209,"title":41891,"body":121210,"description":122942,"extension":1670,"meta":122943,"navigation":102,"path":122944,"seo":122945,"stem":122946,"__hash__":122947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121211,"toc":122899},[121212,121217,121222,121228,121230,121285,121289,121312,121317,121322,121327,121329,121360,121363,121377,121379,121381,121396,121401,121405,121408,121459,121463,121477,121484,121488,121492,121547,121551,121574,121578,121634,121638,121661,121665,121720,121724,121747,121751,121818,121822,121857,121863,121868,121873,121875,121889,121891,121965,121969,121989,121994,122001,122004,122016,122018,122087,122091,122128,122131,122156,122163,122172,122175,122187,122193,122199,122201,122207,122212,122291,122295,122336,122340,122342,122369,122372,122395,122398,122404,122407,122444,122456,122463,122465,122516,122519,122551,122554,122556,122563,122565,122580,122582,122639,122643,122667,122669,122674,122690,122697,122701,122704,122787,122797,122799,122804,122807,122813,122816,122822,122825,122831,122834,122841,122849,122851,122896],[10,121213,13,121215,3283],{"id":121214},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121216,47400],{},[20,121218,32026,121219,121221],{},[15,121220,47400],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121223,121224,121225,121227],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121226,47400],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[160,121229,1711],{"id":1710},[30,121231,121233],{"className":32,"code":121232,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121234,121235,121243,121257,121261,121271],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121236,121237,121239,121241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121238,21336],{"class":45},[39,121240,50],{"class":49},[39,121242,44941],{"class":57},[39,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121246,34398],{"class":45},[39,121248,50],{"class":49},[39,121250,48621],{"class":478},[39,121252,124],{"class":53},[39,121254,9015],{"class":120},[39,121256,130],{"class":53},[39,121258,121259],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121260,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121262,121263,121265,121267,121269],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121264,137],{"class":136},[39,121266,124],{"class":53},[39,121268,34419],{"class":120},[39,121270,130],{"class":53},[39,121272,121273,121275,121277,121279,121281,121283],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121274,137],{"class":136},[39,121276,124],{"class":53},[39,121278,479],{"class":478},[39,121280,124],{"class":53},[39,121282,34419],{"class":120},[39,121284,486],{"class":53},[20,121286,121287],{},[382,121288,353],{},[30,121290,121292],{"className":32,"code":121291,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121293,121294,121298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121295,121296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121297,2415],{"class":57},[39,121299,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121301,510],{"class":49},[39,121303,514],{"class":513},[39,121305,518],{"class":517},[39,121307,3147],{"class":521},[39,121309,524],{"class":517},[39,121311,527],{"class":49},[20,121313,154,121314,121316],{},[15,121315,47400],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[160,121318,3383,121320,3386],{"id":121319},"what-str-does",[15,121321,47400],{},[20,121323,121324,121326],{},[15,121325,47400],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121328,1813],{},[176,121330,121331,121338,121345,121352],{},[179,121332,121333,121334,41870,121336],{},"An integer like ",[15,121335,2037],{},[15,121337,41841],{},[179,121339,121340,121341,41870,121343],{},"A float like ",[15,121342,39857],{},[15,121344,47811],{},[179,121346,121347,121348,41870,121350],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121349,3308],{},[15,121351,6353],{},[179,121353,121354,121355,41870,121357],{},"A list like ",[15,121356,74967],{},[15,121358,121359],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121361,121362],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[176,121364,121365,121368,121371,121374],{},[179,121366,121367],{},"print it",[179,121369,121370],{},"combine it with other strings",[179,121372,121373],{},"save it to a file",[179,121375,121376],{},"use it in messages",[160,121378,202],{"id":201},[20,121380,6931],{},[30,121382,121384],{"className":32,"code":121383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"str(object)\n",[15,121385,121386],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121387,121388,121390,121392,121394],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121389,3147],{"class":478},[39,121391,124],{"class":53},[39,121393,42114],{"class":478},[39,121395,130],{"class":53},[20,121397,20478,121398,121400],{},[15,121399,42114],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121402,121403,7942],{},[15,121404,47400],{},[20,121406,121407],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[30,121409,121411],{"className":32,"code":121410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121412,121413,121422,121445,121449],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121414,121415,121417,121419],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121416,4806],{"class":45},[39,121418,50],{"class":49},[39,121420,121421],{"class":57}," 100\n",[39,121423,121424,121426,121428,121430,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441,121443],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121425,89726],{"class":45},[39,121427,50],{"class":49},[39,121429,572],{"class":517},[39,121431,121432],{"class":521},"Your score is ",[39,121434,562],{"class":517},[39,121436,2161],{"class":49},[39,121438,48621],{"class":478},[39,121440,124],{"class":53},[39,121442,85240],{"class":120},[39,121444,130],{"class":53},[39,121446,121447],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121448,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121450,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121452,137],{"class":136},[39,121454,124],{"class":53},[39,121456,89743],{"class":120},[39,121458,130],{"class":53},[20,121460,121461],{},[382,121462,353],{},[30,121464,121466],{"className":32,"code":121465,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121467,121468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121469,121470,121473,121475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121471,121472],{"class":45},"Your score ",[39,121474,11906],{"class":49},[39,121476,121421],{"class":57},[20,121478,2002,121479,121483],{},[195,121480,121481,2009],{"href":2005},[15,121482,2008],{}," can help you check.",[160,121485,121487],{"id":121486},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[988,121489,121491],{"id":121490},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[30,121493,121495],{"className":32,"code":121494,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121496,121497,121505,121519,121523,121533],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121498,121499,121501,121503],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121500,1924],{"class":45},[39,121502,50],{"class":49},[39,121504,2293],{"class":57},[39,121506,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515,121517],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121508,34398],{"class":45},[39,121510,50],{"class":49},[39,121512,48621],{"class":478},[39,121514,124],{"class":53},[39,121516,1946],{"class":120},[39,121518,130],{"class":53},[39,121520,121521],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121522,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121524,121525,121527,121529,121531],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121526,137],{"class":136},[39,121528,124],{"class":53},[39,121530,34419],{"class":120},[39,121532,130],{"class":53},[39,121534,121535,121537,121539,121541,121543,121545],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121536,137],{"class":136},[39,121538,124],{"class":53},[39,121540,479],{"class":478},[39,121542,124],{"class":53},[39,121544,34419],{"class":120},[39,121546,486],{"class":53},[20,121548,121549],{},[382,121550,353],{},[30,121552,121554],{"className":32,"code":121553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121555,121556,121560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121557,121558],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121559,2083],{"class":57},[39,121561,121562,121564,121566,121568,121570,121572],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121563,510],{"class":49},[39,121565,514],{"class":513},[39,121567,518],{"class":517},[39,121569,3147],{"class":521},[39,121571,524],{"class":517},[39,121573,527],{"class":49},[988,121575,121577],{"id":121576},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[30,121579,121581],{"className":32,"code":121580,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121582,121583,121592,121606,121610,121620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121584,121585,121587,121589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121586,40101],{"class":45},[39,121588,50],{"class":49},[39,121590,121591],{"class":57}," 3.14\n",[39,121593,121594,121596,121598,121600,121602,121604],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121595,34398],{"class":45},[39,121597,50],{"class":49},[39,121599,48621],{"class":478},[39,121601,124],{"class":53},[39,121603,24857],{"class":120},[39,121605,130],{"class":53},[39,121607,121608],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121609,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121611,121612,121614,121616,121618],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121613,137],{"class":136},[39,121615,124],{"class":53},[39,121617,34419],{"class":120},[39,121619,130],{"class":53},[39,121621,121622,121624,121626,121628,121630,121632],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121623,137],{"class":136},[39,121625,124],{"class":53},[39,121627,479],{"class":478},[39,121629,124],{"class":53},[39,121631,34419],{"class":120},[39,121633,486],{"class":53},[20,121635,121636],{},[382,121637,353],{},[30,121639,121641],{"className":32,"code":121640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121642,121643,121647],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121644,121645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121646,39891],{"class":57},[39,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121650,510],{"class":49},[39,121652,514],{"class":513},[39,121654,518],{"class":517},[39,121656,3147],{"class":521},[39,121658,524],{"class":517},[39,121660,527],{"class":49},[988,121662,121664],{"id":121663},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[30,121666,121668],{"className":32,"code":121667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121669,121670,121678,121692,121696,121706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121671,121672,121674,121676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121673,2154],{"class":45},[39,121675,50],{"class":49},[39,121677,6136],{"class":3559},[39,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121681,34398],{"class":45},[39,121683,50],{"class":49},[39,121685,48621],{"class":478},[39,121687,124],{"class":53},[39,121689,2179],{"class":120},[39,121691,130],{"class":53},[39,121693,121694],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121695,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121697,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121699,137],{"class":136},[39,121701,124],{"class":53},[39,121703,34419],{"class":120},[39,121705,130],{"class":53},[39,121707,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121709,137],{"class":136},[39,121711,124],{"class":53},[39,121713,479],{"class":478},[39,121715,124],{"class":53},[39,121717,34419],{"class":120},[39,121719,486],{"class":53},[20,121721,121722],{},[382,121723,353],{},[30,121725,121727],{"className":32,"code":121726,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121728,121729,121733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121730,121731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121732,3689],{"class":3559},[39,121734,121735,121737,121739,121741,121743,121745],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121736,510],{"class":49},[39,121738,514],{"class":513},[39,121740,518],{"class":517},[39,121742,3147],{"class":521},[39,121744,524],{"class":517},[39,121746,527],{"class":49},[988,121748,121750],{"id":121749},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[30,121752,121754],{"className":32,"code":121753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121755,121756,121776,121790,121794,121804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121757,121758,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121759,7494],{"class":45},[39,121761,50],{"class":49},[39,121763,3327],{"class":53},[39,121765,58],{"class":57},[39,121767,61],{"class":53},[39,121769,64],{"class":57},[39,121771,61],{"class":53},[39,121773,69],{"class":57},[39,121775,3340],{"class":53},[39,121777,121778,121780,121782,121784,121786,121788],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121779,34398],{"class":45},[39,121781,50],{"class":49},[39,121783,48621],{"class":478},[39,121785,124],{"class":53},[39,121787,7525],{"class":120},[39,121789,130],{"class":53},[39,121791,121792],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121793,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121797,137],{"class":136},[39,121799,124],{"class":53},[39,121801,34419],{"class":120},[39,121803,130],{"class":53},[39,121805,121806,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121807,137],{"class":136},[39,121809,124],{"class":53},[39,121811,479],{"class":478},[39,121813,124],{"class":53},[39,121815,34419],{"class":120},[39,121817,486],{"class":53},[20,121819,121820],{},[382,121821,353],{},[30,121823,121825],{"className":32,"code":121824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121826,121827,121843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121828,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121830,3609],{"class":53},[39,121832,58],{"class":57},[39,121834,61],{"class":53},[39,121836,64],{"class":57},[39,121838,61],{"class":53},[39,121840,69],{"class":57},[39,121842,3340],{"class":53},[39,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121846,510],{"class":49},[39,121848,514],{"class":513},[39,121850,518],{"class":517},[39,121852,3147],{"class":521},[39,121854,524],{"class":517},[39,121856,527],{"class":49},[20,121858,121859,121860,121862],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[382,121861,4340],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[160,121864,4671,121866],{"id":121865},"when-to-use-str",[15,121867,47400],{},[20,121869,154,121870,121872],{},[15,121871,47400],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121874,36139],{},[176,121876,121877,121880,121883,121886],{},[179,121878,121879],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[179,121881,121882],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[179,121884,121885],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[179,121887,121888],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121890,267],{},[30,121892,121894],{"className":32,"code":121893,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121895,121896,121908,121916,121920,121955],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121899,7592],{"class":45},[39,121901,50],{"class":49},[39,121903,572],{"class":517},[39,121905,11221],{"class":521},[39,121907,3062],{"class":517},[39,121909,121910,121912,121914],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,121911,21336],{"class":45},[39,121913,50],{"class":49},[39,121915,44941],{"class":57},[39,121917,121918],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,121919,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,121921,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950,121953],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,121923,89726],{"class":45},[39,121925,50],{"class":49},[39,121927,35681],{"class":45},[39,121929,1767],{"class":49},[39,121931,572],{"class":517},[39,121933,4493],{"class":521},[39,121935,562],{"class":517},[39,121937,2161],{"class":49},[39,121939,48621],{"class":478},[39,121941,124],{"class":53},[39,121943,9015],{"class":120},[39,121945,3366],{"class":53},[39,121947,2161],{"class":49},[39,121949,572],{"class":517},[39,121951,121952],{"class":521}," years old.",[39,121954,3062],{"class":517},[39,121956,121957,121959,121961,121963],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,121958,137],{"class":136},[39,121960,124],{"class":53},[39,121962,89743],{"class":120},[39,121964,130],{"class":53},[20,121966,121967],{},[382,121968,353],{},[30,121970,121972],{"className":32,"code":121971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121973,121974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121975,121976,121979,121981,121983,121986],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121977,121978],{"class":45},"Maya ",[39,121980,11906],{"class":49},[39,121982,9022],{"class":57},[39,121984,121985],{"class":45}," years old",[39,121987,121988],{"class":53},".\n",[20,121990,121991,121992,117],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[195,121993,89412],{"href":89411},[160,121995,121997,980,121999],{"id":121996},"str-vs-print",[15,121998,47400],{},[15,122000,46168],{},[20,122002,122003],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[176,122005,122006,122011],{},[179,122007,122008,122010],{},[15,122009,47400],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[179,122012,122013,122015],{},[15,122014,46168],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122017,267],{},[30,122019,122021],{"className":32,"code":122020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122022,122023,122031,122035,122049,122059,122073],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122024,122025,122027,122029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122026,2154],{"class":45},[39,122028,50],{"class":49},[39,122030,2475],{"class":57},[39,122032,122033],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122034,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122036,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045,122047],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122038,34398],{"class":45},[39,122040,50],{"class":49},[39,122042,48621],{"class":478},[39,122044,124],{"class":53},[39,122046,2179],{"class":120},[39,122048,130],{"class":53},[39,122050,122051,122053,122055,122057],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122052,137],{"class":136},[39,122054,124],{"class":53},[39,122056,34419],{"class":120},[39,122058,130],{"class":53},[39,122060,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,122062,137],{"class":136},[39,122064,124],{"class":53},[39,122066,479],{"class":478},[39,122068,124],{"class":53},[39,122070,34419],{"class":120},[39,122072,486],{"class":53},[39,122074,122075,122077,122079,122081,122083,122085],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,122076,137],{"class":136},[39,122078,124],{"class":53},[39,122080,479],{"class":478},[39,122082,124],{"class":53},[39,122084,2179],{"class":120},[39,122086,486],{"class":53},[20,122088,122089],{},[382,122090,353],{},[30,122092,122094],{"className":32,"code":122093,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122095,122096,122100,122114],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122097,122098],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122099,46328],{"class":57},[39,122101,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122103,510],{"class":49},[39,122105,514],{"class":513},[39,122107,518],{"class":517},[39,122109,3147],{"class":521},[39,122111,524],{"class":517},[39,122113,527],{"class":49},[39,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122117,510],{"class":49},[39,122119,514],{"class":513},[39,122121,518],{"class":517},[39,122123,1895],{"class":521},[39,122125,524],{"class":517},[39,122127,527],{"class":49},[20,122129,122130],{},"Notice:",[176,122132,122133,122139,122144],{},[179,122134,122135,122138],{},[15,122136,122137],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[179,122140,122141,122143],{},[15,122142,46168],{}," only displayed values",[179,122145,122146,122148,122149,122151,122152,61021,122154],{},[15,122147,46168],{}," did not change ",[15,122150,2179],{}," from ",[15,122153,1895],{},[15,122155,3147],{},[20,122157,122158,122159,117],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[195,122160,122161,2009],{"href":46165},[15,122162,46168],{},[160,122164,122166,980,122168,122171],{"id":122165},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122167,47400],{},[15,122169,122170],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122173,122174],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[176,122176,122177,122182],{},[179,122178,122179,122181],{},[15,122180,47400],{}," is the more readable text version",[179,122183,122184,122186],{},[15,122185,122170],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122188,122189,122190,122192],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122191,47400],{}," much more often.",[20,122194,122195,122196,122198],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122197,47400],{}," is usually the right choice.",[160,122200,1244],{"id":1243},[988,122202,25482,122204,122206],{"id":122203},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122205,47400],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122208,122209,122211],{},[15,122210,47400],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[30,122213,122215],{"className":32,"code":122214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122216,122217,122225,122239,122243,122253,122267,122277],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122218,122219,122221,122223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122220,21336],{"class":45},[39,122222,50],{"class":49},[39,122224,44941],{"class":57},[39,122226,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235,122237],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122228,34398],{"class":45},[39,122230,50],{"class":49},[39,122232,48621],{"class":478},[39,122234,124],{"class":53},[39,122236,9015],{"class":120},[39,122238,130],{"class":53},[39,122240,122241],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122242,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122244,122245,122247,122249,122251],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122246,137],{"class":136},[39,122248,124],{"class":53},[39,122250,9015],{"class":120},[39,122252,130],{"class":53},[39,122254,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,122256,137],{"class":136},[39,122258,124],{"class":53},[39,122260,479],{"class":478},[39,122262,124],{"class":53},[39,122264,9015],{"class":120},[39,122266,486],{"class":53},[39,122268,122269,122271,122273,122275],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,122270,137],{"class":136},[39,122272,124],{"class":53},[39,122274,34419],{"class":120},[39,122276,130],{"class":53},[39,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,122280,137],{"class":136},[39,122282,124],{"class":53},[39,122284,479],{"class":478},[39,122286,124],{"class":53},[39,122288,34419],{"class":120},[39,122290,486],{"class":53},[20,122292,122293],{},[382,122294,353],{},[30,122296,122298],{"className":32,"code":122297,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122299,122300,122304,122318,122322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122301,122302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122303,2415],{"class":57},[39,122305,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122307,510],{"class":49},[39,122309,514],{"class":513},[39,122311,518],{"class":517},[39,122313,1895],{"class":521},[39,122315,524],{"class":517},[39,122317,527],{"class":49},[39,122319,122320],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122321,2415],{"class":57},[39,122323,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122325,510],{"class":49},[39,122327,514],{"class":513},[39,122329,518],{"class":517},[39,122331,3147],{"class":521},[39,122333,524],{"class":517},[39,122335,527],{"class":49},[988,122337,122339],{"id":122338},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122341,6400],{},[30,122343,122345],{"className":32,"code":122344,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122346,122347,122355],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122348,122349,122351,122353],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122350,21336],{"class":45},[39,122352,50],{"class":49},[39,122354,44941],{"class":57},[39,122356,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365,122367],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122358,34398],{"class":45},[39,122360,50],{"class":49},[39,122362,48621],{"class":478},[39,122364,124],{"class":53},[39,122366,9015],{"class":120},[39,122368,130],{"class":53},[20,122370,122371],{},"But if you only do this:",[30,122373,122375],{"className":32,"code":122374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122376,122377,122385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122378,122379,122381,122383],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122380,21336],{"class":45},[39,122382,50],{"class":49},[39,122384,44941],{"class":57},[39,122386,122387,122389,122391,122393],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122388,3147],{"class":478},[39,122390,124],{"class":53},[39,122392,9015],{"class":120},[39,122394,130],{"class":53},[20,122396,122397],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[988,122399,718,122401,122403],{"id":122400},"using-str-too-early",[15,122402,47400],{}," too early",[20,122405,122406],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[30,122408,122410],{"className":32,"code":122409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122411,122412,122420,122435,122439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122413,122414,122416,122418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122415,40101],{"class":45},[39,122417,50],{"class":49},[39,122419,2293],{"class":57},[39,122421,122422,122425,122427,122429,122431,122433],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122423,122424],{"class":45},"text_price ",[39,122426,50],{"class":49},[39,122428,48621],{"class":478},[39,122430,124],{"class":53},[39,122432,24857],{"class":120},[39,122434,130],{"class":53},[39,122436,122437],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122438,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122440,122441],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122442,122443],{"class":150},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122445,122446,122447,1292,122451,122455],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[195,122448,122449],{"href":2582},[15,122450,2585],{},[195,122452,122453],{"href":2588},[15,122454,2591],{},", depending on the situation.",[988,122457,8170,122459,122462],{"id":122458},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122460,122461],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122464,64364],{},[30,122466,122468],{"className":32,"code":122467,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122469,122470,122502],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122471,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122473,7494],{"class":45},[39,122475,50],{"class":49},[39,122477,3327],{"class":53},[39,122479,562],{"class":517},[39,122481,3789],{"class":521},[39,122483,562],{"class":517},[39,122485,61],{"class":53},[39,122487,572],{"class":517},[39,122489,3798],{"class":521},[39,122491,562],{"class":517},[39,122493,61],{"class":53},[39,122495,572],{"class":517},[39,122497,32930],{"class":521},[39,122499,562],{"class":517},[39,122501,3340],{"class":53},[39,122503,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122505,137],{"class":136},[39,122507,124],{"class":53},[39,122509,3147],{"class":478},[39,122511,124],{"class":53},[39,122513,7525],{"class":120},[39,122515,486],{"class":53},[20,122517,122518],{},"prints:",[30,122520,122521],{"className":32,"code":72557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,122522,122523],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122524,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547,122549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122526,3609],{"class":53},[39,122528,524],{"class":517},[39,122530,3789],{"class":521},[39,122532,524],{"class":517},[39,122534,61],{"class":53},[39,122536,518],{"class":517},[39,122538,3798],{"class":521},[39,122540,524],{"class":517},[39,122542,61],{"class":53},[39,122544,518],{"class":517},[39,122546,32930],{"class":521},[39,122548,524],{"class":517},[39,122550,3340],{"class":53},[20,122552,122553],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[160,122555,375],{"id":374},[20,122557,122558,380,122560,117],{},[15,122559,47400],{},[382,122561,122562],{},"new string",[20,122564,11172],{},[176,122566,122567,122570,122573],{},[179,122568,122569],{},"It always returns a string",[179,122571,122572],{},"It does not modify the original object",[179,122574,7477,122575,122579],{},[195,122576,122577],{"href":2005},[15,122578,2008],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122581,267],{},[30,122583,122585],{"className":32,"code":122584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122586,122587,122595,122610,122614,122625],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122588,122589,122591,122593],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122590,2154],{"class":45},[39,122592,50],{"class":49},[39,122594,13840],{"class":57},[39,122596,122597,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122598,122599],{"class":45},"converted ",[39,122601,50],{"class":49},[39,122603,48621],{"class":478},[39,122605,124],{"class":53},[39,122607,2179],{"class":120},[39,122609,130],{"class":53},[39,122611,122612],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122613,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122615,122616,122618,122620,122623],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122617,137],{"class":136},[39,122619,124],{"class":53},[39,122621,122622],{"class":120},"converted",[39,122624,130],{"class":53},[39,122626,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635,122637],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,122628,137],{"class":136},[39,122630,124],{"class":53},[39,122632,479],{"class":478},[39,122634,124],{"class":53},[39,122636,122622],{"class":120},[39,122638,486],{"class":53},[20,122640,122641],{},[382,122642,353],{},[30,122644,122646],{"className":32,"code":122645,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122647,122648,122653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122649,122650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122651,122652],{"class":57},"99\n",[39,122654,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122656,510],{"class":49},[39,122658,514],{"class":513},[39,122660,518],{"class":517},[39,122662,3147],{"class":521},[39,122664,524],{"class":517},[39,122666,527],{"class":49},[160,122668,113328],{"id":113327},[20,122670,122671,122672,74536],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122673,47400],{},[176,122675,122676,122679,122682,122687],{},[179,122677,122678],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[179,122680,122681],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[179,122683,718,122684,122686],{},[15,122685,47400],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[179,122688,122689],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122691,122692,122693,117],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[195,122694,25387,122695],{"href":90124},[15,122696,90125],{},[160,122698,122700],{"id":122699},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122702,122703],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[30,122705,122707],{"className":32,"code":122706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122708,122709,122717,122721,122731,122745,122749,122763,122773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122710,122711,122713,122715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122712,2154],{"class":45},[39,122714,50],{"class":49},[39,122716,44941],{"class":57},[39,122718,122719],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,122720,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122722,122723,122725,122727,122729],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,122724,137],{"class":136},[39,122726,124],{"class":53},[39,122728,2179],{"class":120},[39,122730,130],{"class":53},[39,122732,122733,122735,122737,122739,122741,122743],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,122734,137],{"class":136},[39,122736,124],{"class":53},[39,122738,479],{"class":478},[39,122740,124],{"class":53},[39,122742,2179],{"class":120},[39,122744,486],{"class":53},[39,122746,122747],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,122748,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,122752,122599],{"class":45},[39,122754,50],{"class":49},[39,122756,48621],{"class":478},[39,122758,124],{"class":53},[39,122760,2179],{"class":120},[39,122762,130],{"class":53},[39,122764,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,122766,137],{"class":136},[39,122768,124],{"class":53},[39,122770,122622],{"class":120},[39,122772,130],{"class":53},[39,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,122776,137],{"class":136},[39,122778,124],{"class":53},[39,122780,479],{"class":478},[39,122782,124],{"class":53},[39,122784,122622],{"class":120},[39,122786,486],{"class":53},[20,122788,122789,122790,1896,122792,122794,122795,117],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122791,1895],{},[15,122793,1899],{},", or another type into ",[15,122796,3147],{},[160,122798,1563],{"id":1562},[988,122800,4853,122802,4856],{"id":122801},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122803,47400],{},[20,122805,122806],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[988,122808,1567,122810,122812],{"id":122809},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122811,47400],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122814,122815],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[988,122817,1577,122819,122821],{"id":122818},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122820,47400],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122823,122824],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[988,122826,94310,122828,122830],{"id":122827},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122829,47400],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122832,122833],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[988,122835,14612,122837,56924,122839,2199],{"id":122836},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122838,47400],{},[15,122840,46168],{},[20,122842,46081,122843,122845,122846,122848],{},[15,122844,47400],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122847,46168],{}," shows output.",[160,122850,1613],{"id":1612},[176,122852,122853,122859,122865,122871,122877,122886,122890],{},[179,122854,122855],{},[195,122856,122857,3213],{"href":46165},[15,122858,46168],{},[179,122860,122861],{},[195,122862,122863,3213],{"href":2005},[15,122864,2008],{},[179,122866,122867],{},[195,122868,122869,3213],{"href":2582},[15,122870,2585],{},[179,122872,122873],{},[195,122874,122875,3213],{"href":2588},[15,122876,2591],{},[179,122878,122879],{},[195,122880,122882,122883,122885],{"href":122881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122884,1895],{}," to string in Python",[179,122887,122888],{},[195,122889,90402],{"href":89411},[179,122891,122892],{},[195,122893,30056,122894],{"href":90124},[15,122895,90125],{},[1642,122897,122898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":122900},[122901,122902,122904,122905,122911,122913,122915,122917,122926,122927,122928,122929,122941],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":121319,"depth":75,"text":122903},"What str() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":121486,"depth":75,"text":121487,"children":122906},[122907,122908,122909,122910],{"id":121490,"depth":99,"text":121491},{"id":121576,"depth":99,"text":121577},{"id":121663,"depth":99,"text":121664},{"id":121749,"depth":99,"text":121750},{"id":121865,"depth":75,"text":122912},"When to use str()",{"id":121996,"depth":75,"text":122914},"str() vs print()",{"id":122165,"depth":75,"text":122916},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":122918},[122919,122921,122922,122924],{"id":122203,"depth":99,"text":122920},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122338,"depth":99,"text":122339},{"id":122400,"depth":99,"text":122923},"Using str() too early",{"id":122458,"depth":99,"text":122925},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":113327,"depth":75,"text":113328},{"id":122699,"depth":75,"text":122700},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":122930},[122931,122933,122935,122937,122939],{"id":122801,"depth":99,"text":122932},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122809,"depth":99,"text":122934},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122818,"depth":99,"text":122936},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122827,"depth":99,"text":122938},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122836,"depth":99,"text":122940},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41891,"description":122942},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122949,"title":122950,"body":122951,"description":124404,"extension":1670,"meta":124405,"navigation":102,"path":124406,"seo":124407,"stem":124408,"__hash__":124409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122952,"toc":124366},[122953,122959,122965,122968,122990,122992,123054,123056,123069,123075,123080,123085,123087,123100,123111,123113,123140,123142,123159,123166,123177,123179,123184,123186,123198,123206,123215,123217,123220,123273,123275,123283,123291,123295,123300,123340,123342,123350,123353,123355,123395,123397,123405,123415,123421,123424,123497,123499,123512,123516,123521,123549,123552,123587,123589,123597,123600,123604,123608,123610,123626,123628,123668,123670,123678,123687,123730,123732,123740,123742,123746,123752,123755,123795,123797,123805,123810,123813,123856,123860,123863,123898,123903,123905,123944,123954,123962,123972,123980,123984,123989,123991,124032,124034,124042,124047,124050,124053,124071,124077,124081,124086,124089,124129,124131,124136,124235,124238,124254,124256,124275,124277,124284,124287,124293,124296,124302,124306,124312,124315,124321,124324,124326,124363],[10,122954,122956,122957,18],{"id":122955},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122958,57009],{},[20,122960,122961,122962,122964],{},"The Python string ",[15,122963,57009],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122966,122967],{},"This reference page explains:",[176,122969,122970,122974,122977,122979,122987],{},[179,122971,25727,122972,3386],{},[15,122973,57009],{},[179,122975,122976],{},"its syntax",[179,122978,35106],{},[179,122980,122981,122982,4104,122984,122986],{},"how ",[15,122983,35785],{},[15,122985,52379],{}," work",[179,122988,122989],{},"common beginner mistakes",[160,122991,1711],{"id":1710},[30,122993,122995],{"className":32,"code":122994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122996,122997,123009,123031],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122998,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123000,34398],{"class":45},[39,123002,50],{"class":49},[39,123004,572],{"class":517},[39,123006,3798],{"class":521},[39,123008,3062],{"class":517},[39,123010,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123012,137],{"class":136},[39,123014,124],{"class":53},[39,123016,34419],{"class":120},[39,123018,117],{"class":53},[39,123020,40974],{"class":120},[39,123022,124],{"class":53},[39,123024,562],{"class":517},[39,123026,195],{"class":521},[39,123028,562],{"class":517},[39,123030,486],{"class":53},[39,123032,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123050,123052],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,123034,137],{"class":136},[39,123036,124],{"class":53},[39,123038,34419],{"class":120},[39,123040,117],{"class":53},[39,123042,40974],{"class":120},[39,123044,124],{"class":53},[39,123046,562],{"class":517},[39,123048,123049],{"class":521},"na",[39,123051,562],{"class":517},[39,123053,486],{"class":53},[20,123055,353],{},[30,123057,123059],{"className":32,"code":123058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n2\n",[15,123060,123061,123065],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123062,123063],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123064,46333],{"class":57},[39,123066,123067],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123068,1553],{"class":57},[20,123070,154,123071,123074],{},[15,123072,123073],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[160,123076,163,123078,166],{"id":123077},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123079,57009],{},[20,123081,123082,123084],{},[15,123083,57009],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123086,174],{},[176,123088,123089,123092,123095,123097],{},[179,123090,123091],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[179,123093,123094],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[179,123096,43373],{},[179,123098,123099],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123101,123102,123103,123105,123106,1896,123108,123110],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123104,17802],{}," characters are in ",[15,123107,64995],{},[15,123109,57009],{}," is a simple choice.",[160,123112,202],{"id":201},[30,123114,123116],{"className":32,"code":123115,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123117,123118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123119,123120,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123121,60894],{"class":45},[39,123123,117],{"class":53},[39,123125,40974],{"class":120},[39,123127,124],{"class":53},[39,123129,2179],{"class":120},[39,123131,61],{"class":53},[39,123133,35764],{"class":120},[39,123135,61],{"class":53},[39,123137,64761],{"class":120},[39,123139,130],{"class":53},[988,123141,17104],{"id":17103},[176,123143,123144,123149,123154],{},[179,123145,123146,123148],{},[15,123147,2179],{},": the text to search for",[179,123150,123151,123153],{},[15,123152,35785],{},": optional; where counting begins",[179,123155,123156,123158],{},[15,123157,52379],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123160,123161,4104,123163,123165],{},[15,123162,35785],{},[15,123164,52379],{}," work like slice positions:",[176,123167,123168,123173],{},[179,123169,123170,123172],{},[15,123171,35785],{}," is included",[179,123174,123175,75462],{},[15,123176,52379],{},[160,123178,375],{"id":374},[20,123180,123181,123183],{},[15,123182,57009],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123185,1832],{},[176,123187,123188,123193],{},[179,123189,123190,123191],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123192,307],{},[179,123194,123195,123196],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123197,1826],{},[20,123199,40620,123200,4872,123202,1292,123204,117],{},[382,123201,4340],{},[15,123203,3308],{},[15,123205,3379],{},[20,123207,123208,123209,123214],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[195,123210,123212,101304],{"href":123211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123213,3591],{}," is often a better fit.",[160,123216,542],{"id":541},[20,123218,123219],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[30,123221,123223],{"className":32,"code":123222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123224,123225,123237,123259,123263],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123226,123227,123229,123231,123233,123235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123228,34398],{"class":45},[39,123230,50],{"class":49},[39,123232,572],{"class":517},[39,123234,3789],{"class":521},[39,123236,3062],{"class":517},[39,123238,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123240,109],{"class":45},[39,123242,50],{"class":49},[39,123244,42557],{"class":45},[39,123246,117],{"class":53},[39,123248,40974],{"class":120},[39,123250,124],{"class":53},[39,123252,562],{"class":517},[39,123254,20],{"class":521},[39,123256,562],{"class":517},[39,123258,130],{"class":53},[39,123260,123261],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,123262,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,123264,123265,123267,123269,123271],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,123266,137],{"class":136},[39,123268,124],{"class":53},[39,123270,142],{"class":120},[39,123272,130],{"class":53},[20,123274,353],{},[30,123276,123277],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123278,123279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123280,123281],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123282,1553],{"class":57},[20,123284,63540,123285,123288,123289,117],{},[15,123286,123287],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123290,57552],{},[160,123292,123294],{"id":123293},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123296,123297,123299],{},[15,123298,57009],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[30,123301,123303],{"className":32,"code":123302,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123304,123305,123318],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123306,123307,123309,123311,123313,123316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123308,34398],{"class":45},[39,123310,50],{"class":49},[39,123312,572],{"class":517},[39,123314,123315],{"class":521},"cat dog cat bird cat",[39,123317,3062],{"class":517},[39,123319,123320,123322,123324,123326,123328,123330,123332,123334,123336,123338],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123321,137],{"class":136},[39,123323,124],{"class":53},[39,123325,34419],{"class":120},[39,123327,117],{"class":53},[39,123329,40974],{"class":120},[39,123331,124],{"class":53},[39,123333,562],{"class":517},[39,123335,36761],{"class":521},[39,123337,562],{"class":517},[39,123339,486],{"class":53},[20,123341,353],{},[30,123343,123344],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123345,123346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123347,123348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123349,46333],{"class":57},[20,123351,123352],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123354,267],{},[30,123356,123358],{"className":32,"code":123357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123359,123360,123373],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123361,123362,123364,123366,123368,123371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123363,34398],{"class":45},[39,123365,50],{"class":49},[39,123367,572],{"class":517},[39,123369,123370],{"class":521},"one One one",[39,123372,3062],{"class":517},[39,123374,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387,123389,123391,123393],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123376,137],{"class":136},[39,123378,124],{"class":53},[39,123380,34419],{"class":120},[39,123382,117],{"class":53},[39,123384,40974],{"class":120},[39,123386,124],{"class":53},[39,123388,562],{"class":517},[39,123390,6297],{"class":521},[39,123392,562],{"class":517},[39,123394,486],{"class":53},[20,123396,353],{},[30,123398,123399],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123400,123401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123402,123403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123404,1553],{"class":57},[20,123406,123407,123408,123411,123412,123414],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123409,123410],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123413,57009],{}," is case-sensitive.",[160,123416,718,123417,4104,123419],{"id":65127},[15,123418,35785],{},[15,123420,52379],{},[20,123422,123423],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[30,123425,123427],{"className":32,"code":123426,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123428,123429,123441,123467],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123430,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123432,34398],{"class":45},[39,123434,50],{"class":49},[39,123436,572],{"class":517},[39,123438,3798],{"class":521},[39,123440,3062],{"class":517},[39,123442,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123444,137],{"class":136},[39,123446,124],{"class":53},[39,123448,34419],{"class":120},[39,123450,117],{"class":53},[39,123452,40974],{"class":120},[39,123454,124],{"class":53},[39,123456,562],{"class":517},[39,123458,195],{"class":521},[39,123460,562],{"class":517},[39,123462,61],{"class":53},[39,123464,64],{"class":57},[39,123466,486],{"class":53},[39,123468,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,123470,137],{"class":136},[39,123472,124],{"class":53},[39,123474,34419],{"class":120},[39,123476,117],{"class":53},[39,123478,40974],{"class":120},[39,123480,124],{"class":53},[39,123482,562],{"class":517},[39,123484,195],{"class":521},[39,123486,562],{"class":517},[39,123488,61],{"class":53},[39,123490,64],{"class":57},[39,123492,61],{"class":53},[39,123494,316],{"class":57},[39,123496,486],{"class":53},[20,123498,353],{},[30,123500,123502],{"className":32,"code":123501,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n1\n",[15,123503,123504,123508],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123505,123506],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123507,1553],{"class":57},[39,123509,123510],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123511,46633],{"class":57},[988,123513,123515],{"id":123514},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123517,123518,123519,1250],{},"In ",[15,123520,64995],{},[176,123522,123523,123531,123539],{},[179,123524,70686,123525,123527,123528],{},[15,123526,85],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123529,123530],{},"\"n\"",[179,123532,123533,123536,123537,75760],{},[15,123534,123535],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123538,85],{},[179,123540,123541,123536,123544,123546,123547],{},[15,123542,123543],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123545,85],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123548,1843],{},[20,123550,123551],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[30,123553,123555],{"className":32,"code":123554,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123556,123557,123569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123558,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123560,34398],{"class":45},[39,123562,50],{"class":49},[39,123564,572],{"class":517},[39,123566,3798],{"class":521},[39,123568,3062],{"class":517},[39,123570,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123572,137],{"class":136},[39,123574,124],{"class":53},[39,123576,34419],{"class":120},[39,123578,3609],{"class":53},[39,123580,85],{"class":57},[39,123582,1250],{"class":53},[39,123584,1843],{"class":57},[39,123586,3597],{"class":53},[20,123588,353],{},[30,123590,123591],{"className":32,"code":41183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123592,123593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123594,123595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123596,41183],{"class":45},[20,123598,123599],{},"Only that section is searched.",[160,123601,123603],{"id":123602},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123605,123606,123414],{},[15,123607,57009],{},[20,123609,1813],{},[176,123611,123612,123620],{},[179,123613,123614,4104,123616,123619],{},[15,123615,17802],{},[15,123617,123618],{},"\"A\""," are different",[179,123621,123622,4104,123624,123619],{},[15,123623,64255],{},[15,123625,90137],{},[20,123627,267],{},[30,123629,123631],{"className":32,"code":123630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123632,123633,123646],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123634,123635,123637,123639,123641,123644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123636,34398],{"class":45},[39,123638,50],{"class":49},[39,123640,572],{"class":517},[39,123642,123643],{"class":521},"Apple apple APPLE",[39,123645,3062],{"class":517},[39,123647,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123649,137],{"class":136},[39,123651,124],{"class":53},[39,123653,34419],{"class":120},[39,123655,117],{"class":53},[39,123657,40974],{"class":120},[39,123659,124],{"class":53},[39,123661,562],{"class":517},[39,123663,3789],{"class":521},[39,123665,562],{"class":517},[39,123667,486],{"class":53},[20,123669,353],{},[30,123671,123672],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123673,123674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123675,123676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123677,46633],{"class":57},[20,123679,123680,123681,1250],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[195,123682,123684],{"href":123683},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123685,123686],{},"lower()",[30,123688,123690],{"className":32,"code":123689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123691,123692,123704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123695,34398],{"class":45},[39,123697,50],{"class":49},[39,123699,572],{"class":517},[39,123701,123643],{"class":521},[39,123703,3062],{"class":517},[39,123705,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123707,137],{"class":136},[39,123709,124],{"class":53},[39,123711,34419],{"class":120},[39,123713,117],{"class":53},[39,123715,8358],{"class":120},[39,123717,8355],{"class":53},[39,123719,40974],{"class":120},[39,123721,124],{"class":53},[39,123723,562],{"class":517},[39,123725,3789],{"class":521},[39,123727,562],{"class":517},[39,123729,486],{"class":53},[20,123731,353],{},[30,123733,123734],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123735,123736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123737,123738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123739,46333],{"class":57},[160,123741,2537],{"id":2536},[20,123743,22801,123744,117],{},[15,123745,57009],{},[988,123747,8170,123749,123751],{"id":123748},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123750,57009],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123753,123754],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[30,123756,123758],{"className":32,"code":123757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123759,123760,123773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123761,123762,123764,123766,123768,123771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123763,34398],{"class":45},[39,123765,50],{"class":49},[39,123767,572],{"class":517},[39,123769,123770],{"class":521},"Aardvark",[39,123772,3062],{"class":517},[39,123774,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123776,137],{"class":136},[39,123778,124],{"class":53},[39,123780,34419],{"class":120},[39,123782,117],{"class":53},[39,123784,40974],{"class":120},[39,123786,124],{"class":53},[39,123788,562],{"class":517},[39,123790,195],{"class":521},[39,123792,562],{"class":517},[39,123794,486],{"class":53},[20,123796,353],{},[30,123798,123799],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123800,123801],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123802,123803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123804,1553],{"class":57},[20,123806,123407,123807,123809],{},[15,123808,123618],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123811,123812],{},"If needed, convert first:",[30,123814,123816],{"className":32,"code":123815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123817,123818,123830],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123821,34398],{"class":45},[39,123823,50],{"class":49},[39,123825,572],{"class":517},[39,123827,123770],{"class":521},[39,123829,3062],{"class":517},[39,123831,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123833,137],{"class":136},[39,123835,124],{"class":53},[39,123837,34419],{"class":120},[39,123839,117],{"class":53},[39,123841,8358],{"class":120},[39,123843,8355],{"class":53},[39,123845,40974],{"class":120},[39,123847,124],{"class":53},[39,123849,562],{"class":517},[39,123851,195],{"class":521},[39,123853,562],{"class":517},[39,123855,486],{"class":53},[988,123857,123859],{"id":123858},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123861,123862],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[30,123864,123866],{"className":32,"code":123865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123867,123868,123880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123869,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123871,34398],{"class":45},[39,123873,50],{"class":49},[39,123875,572],{"class":517},[39,123877,3798],{"class":521},[39,123879,3062],{"class":517},[39,123881,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123883,137],{"class":136},[39,123885,124],{"class":53},[39,123887,34419],{"class":120},[39,123889,117],{"class":53},[39,123891,40974],{"class":120},[39,123893,124],{"class":53},[39,123895,195],{"class":120},[39,123897,486],{"class":53},[20,123899,123900,123901,117],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123902,195],{},[20,123904,10521],{},[30,123906,123908],{"className":32,"code":123907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123909,123910,123922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123911,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123913,34398],{"class":45},[39,123915,50],{"class":49},[39,123917,572],{"class":517},[39,123919,3798],{"class":521},[39,123921,3062],{"class":517},[39,123923,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,123925,137],{"class":136},[39,123927,124],{"class":53},[39,123929,34419],{"class":120},[39,123931,117],{"class":53},[39,123933,40974],{"class":120},[39,123935,124],{"class":53},[39,123937,562],{"class":517},[39,123939,195],{"class":521},[39,123941,562],{"class":517},[39,123943,486],{"class":53},[988,123945,1282,123947,1285,123949,1292,123952],{"id":123946},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123948,57009],{},[15,123950,123951],{},"find()",[15,123953,58687],{},[20,123955,154,123956,123958,123959,117],{},[15,123957,57009],{}," when you need the ",[382,123960,123961],{},"number of matches",[20,123963,154,123964,123958,123969,123971],{},[195,123965,123967],{"href":123966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123968,123951],{},[382,123970,64667],{}," of the first match.",[20,123973,154,123974,123979],{},[195,123975,123977],{"href":123976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123978,58687],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[988,123981,123983],{"id":123982},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123985,123986,123988],{},[15,123987,57009],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123990,267],{},[30,123992,123994],{"className":32,"code":123993,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123995,123996,124009],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123997,123998,124000,124002,124004,124007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123999,34398],{"class":45},[39,124001,50],{"class":49},[39,124003,572],{"class":517},[39,124005,124006],{"class":521},"aaaa",[39,124008,3062],{"class":517},[39,124010,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021,124023,124025,124028,124030],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124012,137],{"class":136},[39,124014,124],{"class":53},[39,124016,34419],{"class":120},[39,124018,117],{"class":53},[39,124020,40974],{"class":120},[39,124022,124],{"class":53},[39,124024,562],{"class":517},[39,124026,124027],{"class":521},"aa",[39,124029,562],{"class":517},[39,124031,486],{"class":53},[20,124033,353],{},[30,124035,124036],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,124037,124038],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124039,124040],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124041,1553],{"class":57},[20,124043,124044,124045,117],{},"It does not return ",[15,124046,307],{},[20,124048,124049],{},"Why not?",[20,124051,124052],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[176,124054,124055,124064],{},[179,124056,124057,124060,124061],{},[15,124058,124059],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124062,124063],{},"0-1",[179,124065,124066,124060,124068],{},[15,124067,124059],{},[15,124069,124070],{},"2-3",[20,124072,124073,124074,117],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124075,124076],{},"1-2",[160,124078,4671,124079],{"id":58092},[15,124080,57009],{},[20,124082,154,124083,124085],{},[15,124084,57009],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124087,124088],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[176,124090,124091,124100,124110,124120],{},[179,124092,154,124093,124095,124096,124099],{},[15,124094,57009],{}," when you need ",[382,124097,124098],{},"how many times"," something appears",[179,124101,154,124102,124095,124106,124109],{},[195,124103,124104],{"href":123966},[15,124105,123951],{},[382,124107,124108],{},"where"," it appears",[179,124111,47527,124112,124116,124117],{},[195,124113,124114,101304],{"href":123211},[15,124115,3591],{}," when you only need to know ",[382,124118,124119],{},"if it exists",[179,124121,154,124122,124128],{},[195,124123,124125],{"href":124124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124126,124127],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[160,124130,25650],{"id":25649},[20,124132,8592,124133,124135],{},[15,124134,57009],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[30,124137,124139],{"className":32,"code":124138,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124140,124141,124151,124165,124187,124213],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124142,124143,124145,124147,124149],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124144,137],{"class":136},[39,124146,124],{"class":53},[39,124148,34419],{"class":120},[39,124150,130],{"class":53},[39,124152,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124154,137],{"class":136},[39,124156,124],{"class":53},[39,124158,479],{"class":478},[39,124160,124],{"class":53},[39,124162,34419],{"class":120},[39,124164,486],{"class":53},[39,124166,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124168,137],{"class":136},[39,124170,124],{"class":53},[39,124172,34419],{"class":120},[39,124174,117],{"class":53},[39,124176,40974],{"class":120},[39,124178,124],{"class":53},[39,124180,562],{"class":517},[39,124182,195],{"class":521},[39,124184,562],{"class":517},[39,124186,486],{"class":53},[39,124188,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124190,137],{"class":136},[39,124192,124],{"class":53},[39,124194,34419],{"class":120},[39,124196,117],{"class":53},[39,124198,8358],{"class":120},[39,124200,8355],{"class":53},[39,124202,40974],{"class":120},[39,124204,124],{"class":53},[39,124206,562],{"class":517},[39,124208,195],{"class":521},[39,124210,562],{"class":517},[39,124212,486],{"class":53},[39,124214,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229,124231,124233],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124216,137],{"class":136},[39,124218,124],{"class":53},[39,124220,34419],{"class":120},[39,124222,117],{"class":53},[39,124224,40974],{"class":120},[39,124226,124],{"class":53},[39,124228,562],{"class":517},[39,124230,123049],{"class":521},[39,124232,562],{"class":517},[39,124234,486],{"class":53},[20,124236,124237],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[176,124239,124240,124243,124248,124251],{},[179,124241,124242],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,124244,124245,124247],{},[15,124246,34419],{}," not being a string",[179,124249,124250],{},"counting the wrong substring",[179,124252,124253],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124255,58581],{},[176,124257,124258,124261,124264,124267],{},[179,124259,124260],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[179,124262,124263],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[179,124265,124266],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[179,124268,50209,124269,44345,124271,1292,124273,73032],{},[15,124270,57009],{},[15,124272,123951],{},[15,124274,3591],{},[160,124276,1563],{"id":1562},[988,124278,124280,124281,124283],{"id":124279},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124282,57009],{}," change the original string?",[20,124285,124286],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[988,124288,14612,124290,124292],{"id":124289},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124291,57009],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124294,124295],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[988,124297,4853,124299,124301],{"id":124298},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124300,57009],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124303,4859,124304,117],{},[15,124305,1826],{},[988,124307,1577,124309,124311],{"id":124308},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124310,57009],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124313,124314],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[988,124316,1567,124318,124320],{"id":124317},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124319,57009],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124322,124323],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[160,124325,1613],{"id":1612},[176,124327,124328,124335,124342,124349,124356],{},[179,124329,124330],{},[195,124331,124332],{"href":123966},[15,124333,124334],{},"Python string find() method",[179,124336,124337],{},[195,124338,124339],{"href":123976},[15,124340,124341],{},"Python string index() method",[179,124343,124344],{},[195,124345,124346],{"href":123683},[15,124347,124348],{},"Python string lower() method",[179,124350,124351],{},[195,124352,124353],{"href":123211},[15,124354,124355],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[179,124357,124358],{},[195,124359,124360],{"href":124124},[15,124361,124362],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1642,124364,124365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":124367},[124368,124369,124371,124374,124375,124376,124377,124380,124381,124389,124390,124391,124403],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":123077,"depth":75,"text":124370},"What the count() method does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":124372},[124373],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":123293,"depth":75,"text":123294},{"id":65127,"depth":75,"text":65910,"children":124378},[124379],{"id":123514,"depth":99,"text":123515},{"id":123602,"depth":75,"text":123603},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":124382},[124383,124385,124386,124388],{"id":123748,"depth":99,"text":124384},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123858,"depth":99,"text":123859},{"id":123946,"depth":99,"text":124387},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123982,"depth":99,"text":123983},{"id":58092,"depth":75,"text":58723},{"id":25649,"depth":75,"text":25650},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":124392},[124393,124395,124397,124399,124401],{"id":124279,"depth":99,"text":124394},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124289,"depth":99,"text":124396},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124298,"depth":99,"text":124398},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124308,"depth":99,"text":124400},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124317,"depth":99,"text":124402},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122950,"description":124404},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124411,"title":124412,"body":124413,"description":125998,"extension":1670,"meta":125999,"navigation":102,"path":126000,"seo":126001,"stem":126002,"__hash__":126003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124414,"toc":125971},[124415,124418,124421,124518,124527,124529,124548,124552,124555,124558,124571,124574,124603,124608,124613,124671,124673,124706,124712,124716,124719,124722,124751,124754,124781,124784,124787,124791,124794,124801,124864,124866,124884,124887,124891,124894,124897,124939,124942,124986,124989,124992,124996,125001,125004,125047,125049,125072,125075,125108,125111,125160,125170,125174,125177,125180,125209,125212,125223,125225,125284,125287,125291,125294,125297,125312,125321,125324,125358,125361,125388,125391,125398,125400,125403,125405,125408,125422,125431,125433,125460,125464,125467,125481,125484,125543,125547,125550,125577,125580,125607,125615,125618,125678,125680,125713,125717,125720,125739,125744,125793,125798,125800,125803,125862,125880,125882,125886,125894,125898,125901,125905,125911,125915,125925,125929,125932,125934,125968],[10,124416,124412],{"id":124417},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124419,124420],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[30,124422,124424],{"className":32,"code":124423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124425,124426,124438,124450,124459,124473,124477,124487,124497,124508],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124427,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124429,7592],{"class":45},[39,124431,50],{"class":49},[39,124433,572],{"class":517},[39,124435,4714],{"class":521},[39,124437,3062],{"class":517},[39,124439,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124441,89726],{"class":45},[39,124443,50],{"class":49},[39,124445,518],{"class":517},[39,124447,34578],{"class":521},[39,124449,29409],{"class":517},[39,124451,124452,124455,124457],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124453,124454],{"class":45},"empty ",[39,124456,50],{"class":49},[39,124458,7597],{"class":517},[39,124460,124461,124463,124465,124467,124469,124471],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124462,34398],{"class":45},[39,124464,50],{"class":49},[39,124466,48621],{"class":478},[39,124468,124],{"class":53},[39,124470,49963],{"class":57},[39,124472,130],{"class":53},[39,124474,124475],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124476,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,124478,124479,124481,124483,124485],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,124480,137],{"class":136},[39,124482,124],{"class":53},[39,124484,7382],{"class":120},[39,124486,130],{"class":53},[39,124488,124489,124491,124493,124495],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,124490,137],{"class":136},[39,124492,124],{"class":53},[39,124494,89743],{"class":120},[39,124496,130],{"class":53},[39,124498,124499,124501,124503,124506],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,124500,137],{"class":136},[39,124502,124],{"class":53},[39,124504,124505],{"class":120},"empty",[39,124507,130],{"class":53},[39,124509,124510,124512,124514,124516],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,124511,137],{"class":136},[39,124513,124],{"class":53},[39,124515,34419],{"class":120},[39,124517,130],{"class":53},[20,124519,124520,124523,124524,124526],{},[382,124521,124522],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124525,47400],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[160,124528,14872],{"id":14871},[176,124530,124531,124534,124537,124540,124545],{},[179,124532,124533],{},"What a string is in Python",[179,124535,124536],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[179,124538,124539],{},"How to create an empty string",[179,124541,124542,124543],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124544,47400],{},[179,124546,124547],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[160,124549,124551],{"id":124550},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124553,124554],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124556,124557],{},"Strings can contain:",[176,124559,124560,124563,124565,124568],{},[179,124561,124562],{},"Letters",[179,124564,56181],{},[179,124566,124567],{},"Spaces",[179,124569,124570],{},"Symbols",[20,124572,124573],{},"Examples of strings:",[30,124575,124577],{"className":32,"code":124576,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124578,124579,124587,124595],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124580,124581,124583,124585],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124582,562],{"class":43044},[39,124584,3552],{"class":43048},[39,124586,3062],{"class":43044},[39,124588,124589,124591,124593],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124590,562],{"class":43044},[39,124592,49963],{"class":43048},[39,124594,3062],{"class":43044},[39,124596,124597,124599,124601],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124598,562],{"class":43044},[39,124600,88868],{"class":43048},[39,124602,3062],{"class":43044},[20,124604,20685,124605,124607],{},[15,124606,50013],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124609,124610,124611,1250],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124612,2008],{},[30,124614,124616],{"className":32,"code":124615,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124617,124618,124630,124639,124643,124657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124619,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124621,34398],{"class":45},[39,124623,50],{"class":49},[39,124625,572],{"class":517},[39,124627,49963],{"class":521},[39,124629,3062],{"class":517},[39,124631,124632,124634,124636],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124633,1924],{"class":45},[39,124635,50],{"class":49},[39,124637,124638],{"class":57}," 123\n",[39,124640,124641],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124642,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,124644,124645,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124646,137],{"class":136},[39,124648,124],{"class":53},[39,124650,479],{"class":478},[39,124652,124],{"class":53},[39,124654,34419],{"class":120},[39,124656,486],{"class":53},[39,124658,124659,124661,124663,124665,124667,124669],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124660,137],{"class":136},[39,124662,124],{"class":53},[39,124664,479],{"class":478},[39,124666,124],{"class":53},[39,124668,1946],{"class":120},[39,124670,486],{"class":53},[20,124672,353],{},[30,124674,124676],{"className":32,"code":124675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124677,124678,124692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124679,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688,124690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124681,510],{"class":49},[39,124683,514],{"class":513},[39,124685,518],{"class":517},[39,124687,3147],{"class":521},[39,124689,524],{"class":517},[39,124691,527],{"class":49},[39,124693,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702,124704],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124695,510],{"class":49},[39,124697,514],{"class":513},[39,124699,518],{"class":517},[39,124701,1895],{"class":521},[39,124703,524],{"class":517},[39,124705,527],{"class":49},[20,124707,124708,124709,117],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[195,124710,124711],{"href":50693},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[160,124713,124715],{"id":124714},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124717,124718],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124720,124721],{},"You can use single quotes:",[30,124723,124725],{"className":32,"code":124724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124726,124727,124740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124728,124729,124732,124734,124736,124738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124730,124731],{"class":45},"greeting ",[39,124733,50],{"class":49},[39,124735,518],{"class":517},[39,124737,3552],{"class":521},[39,124739,29409],{"class":517},[39,124741,124742,124744,124746,124749],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124743,137],{"class":136},[39,124745,124],{"class":53},[39,124747,124748],{"class":120},"greeting",[39,124750,130],{"class":53},[20,124752,124753],{},"Or double quotes:",[30,124755,124757],{"className":32,"code":124756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124758,124759,124771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124760,124761,124763,124765,124767,124769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124762,124731],{"class":45},[39,124764,50],{"class":49},[39,124766,572],{"class":517},[39,124768,3552],{"class":521},[39,124770,3062],{"class":517},[39,124772,124773,124775,124777,124779],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124774,137],{"class":136},[39,124776,124],{"class":53},[39,124778,124748],{"class":120},[39,124780,130],{"class":53},[20,124782,124783],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124785,124786],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[160,124788,124790],{"id":124789},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124792,124793],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124795,124796,124797,1292,124799,1250],{},"Use either ",[15,124798,5986],{},[15,124800,3479],{},[30,124802,124804],{"className":32,"code":124803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124805,124806,124815,124824,124828,124839,124850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124807,124808,124811,124813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124809,124810],{"class":45},"empty1 ",[39,124812,50],{"class":49},[39,124814,7597],{"class":517},[39,124816,124817,124820,124822],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124818,124819],{"class":45},"empty2 ",[39,124821,50],{"class":49},[39,124823,47212],{"class":517},[39,124825,124826],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124827,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,124829,124830,124832,124834,124837],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124831,137],{"class":136},[39,124833,124],{"class":53},[39,124835,124836],{"class":120},"empty1",[39,124838,130],{"class":53},[39,124840,124841,124843,124845,124848],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124842,137],{"class":136},[39,124844,124],{"class":53},[39,124846,124847],{"class":120},"empty2",[39,124849,130],{"class":53},[39,124851,124852,124854,124856,124858,124860,124862],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,124853,137],{"class":136},[39,124855,124],{"class":53},[39,124857,479],{"class":478},[39,124859,124],{"class":53},[39,124861,124836],{"class":120},[39,124863,486],{"class":53},[20,124865,353],{},[30,124867,124868],{"className":32,"code":45486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,124869,124870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124871,124872,124874,124876,124878,124880,124882],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124873,510],{"class":49},[39,124875,514],{"class":513},[39,124877,518],{"class":517},[39,124879,3147],{"class":521},[39,124881,524],{"class":517},[39,124883,527],{"class":49},[20,124885,124886],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[160,124888,124890],{"id":124889},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124892,124893],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124895,124896],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[30,124898,124900],{"className":32,"code":124899,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124901,124902,124913,124918,124925,124929],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124903,124904,124906,124908,124911],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124905,89726],{"class":45},[39,124907,50],{"class":49},[39,124909,124910],{"class":517}," \"\"\"",[39,124912,88668],{"class":521},[39,124914,124915],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124916,124917],{"class":521},"Welcome to Python\n",[39,124919,124920,124923],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124921,124922],{"class":521},"Have a nice day",[39,124924,43052],{"class":517},[39,124926,124927],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124928,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,124930,124931,124933,124935,124937],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124932,137],{"class":136},[39,124934,124],{"class":53},[39,124936,89743],{"class":120},[39,124938,130],{"class":53},[20,124940,124941],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[30,124943,124945],{"className":32,"code":124944,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124946,124947,124959,124964,124972,124976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124948,124949,124951,124953,124956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124950,89726],{"class":45},[39,124952,50],{"class":49},[39,124954,124955],{"class":517}," '''",[39,124957,124958],{"class":521},"Line 1\n",[39,124960,124961],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,124962,124963],{"class":521},"Line 2\n",[39,124965,124966,124969],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,124967,124968],{"class":521},"Line 3",[39,124970,124971],{"class":517},"'''\n",[39,124973,124974],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,124975,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,124979,137],{"class":136},[39,124981,124],{"class":53},[39,124983,89743],{"class":120},[39,124985,130],{"class":53},[20,124987,124988],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124990,124991],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[160,124993,124995],{"id":124994},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124997,22,124998,125000],{},[15,124999,47400],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125002,125003],{},"Example with a number:",[30,125005,125007],{"className":32,"code":125006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125008,125009,125023,125033],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125012,34398],{"class":45},[39,125014,50],{"class":49},[39,125016,48621],{"class":478},[39,125018,124],{"class":53},[39,125020,46242],{"class":57},[39,125022,130],{"class":53},[39,125024,125025,125027,125029,125031],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125026,137],{"class":136},[39,125028,124],{"class":53},[39,125030,34419],{"class":120},[39,125032,130],{"class":53},[39,125034,125035,125037,125039,125041,125043,125045],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125036,137],{"class":136},[39,125038,124],{"class":53},[39,125040,479],{"class":478},[39,125042,124],{"class":53},[39,125044,34419],{"class":120},[39,125046,486],{"class":53},[20,125048,353],{},[30,125050,125052],{"className":32,"code":125051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125053,125054,125058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125055,125056],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125057,46328],{"class":57},[39,125059,125060,125062,125064,125066,125068,125070],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125061,510],{"class":49},[39,125063,514],{"class":513},[39,125065,518],{"class":517},[39,125067,3147],{"class":521},[39,125069,524],{"class":517},[39,125071,527],{"class":49},[20,125073,125074],{},"You can also convert other values:",[30,125076,125078],{"className":32,"code":125077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125079,125080,125094],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125081,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090,125092],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125083,137],{"class":136},[39,125085,124],{"class":53},[39,125087,3147],{"class":478},[39,125089,124],{"class":53},[39,125091,3308],{"class":3559},[39,125093,486],{"class":53},[39,125095,125096,125098,125100,125102,125104,125106],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125097,137],{"class":136},[39,125099,124],{"class":53},[39,125101,3147],{"class":478},[39,125103,124],{"class":53},[39,125105,39857],{"class":57},[39,125107,486],{"class":53},[20,125109,125110],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[30,125112,125114],{"className":32,"code":125113,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125115,125116,125124,125146,125150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125117,125118,125120,125122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125119,21336],{"class":45},[39,125121,50],{"class":49},[39,125123,44941],{"class":57},[39,125125,125126,125128,125130,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125127,89726],{"class":45},[39,125129,50],{"class":49},[39,125131,572],{"class":517},[39,125133,89144],{"class":521},[39,125135,562],{"class":517},[39,125137,2161],{"class":49},[39,125139,48621],{"class":478},[39,125141,124],{"class":53},[39,125143,9015],{"class":120},[39,125145,130],{"class":53},[39,125147,125148],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125149,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125153,137],{"class":136},[39,125155,124],{"class":53},[39,125157,89743],{"class":120},[39,125159,130],{"class":53},[20,125161,125162,125163,1292,125167,117],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[195,125164,13,125165,3213],{"href":41890},[15,125166,47400],{},[195,125168,125169],{"href":122881},"how to convert int to string in Python",[160,125171,125173],{"id":125172},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125175,125176],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125178,125179],{},"Both of these are valid:",[30,125181,125183],{"className":32,"code":125182,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125184,125185,125197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125186,125187,125189,125191,125193,125195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125188,46],{"class":45},[39,125190,50],{"class":49},[39,125192,518],{"class":517},[39,125194,7010],{"class":521},[39,125196,29409],{"class":517},[39,125198,125199,125201,125203,125205,125207],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125200,78],{"class":45},[39,125202,50],{"class":49},[39,125204,572],{"class":517},[39,125206,7010],{"class":521},[39,125208,3062],{"class":517},[20,125210,125211],{},"A common rule is:",[176,125213,125214,125217,125220],{},[179,125215,125216],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[179,125218,125219],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[179,125221,125222],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125224,267],{},[30,125226,125228],{"className":32,"code":125227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125229,125230,125244,125258,125262,125273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125231,125232,125235,125237,125239,125242],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125233,125234],{"class":45},"text1 ",[39,125236,50],{"class":49},[39,125238,572],{"class":517},[39,125240,125241],{"class":521},"It's working",[39,125243,3062],{"class":517},[39,125245,125246,125249,125251,125253,125256],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125247,125248],{"class":45},"text2 ",[39,125250,50],{"class":49},[39,125252,518],{"class":517},[39,125254,125255],{"class":521},"She said \"hello\"",[39,125257,29409],{"class":517},[39,125259,125260],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125261,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125263,125264,125266,125268,125271],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125265,137],{"class":136},[39,125267,124],{"class":53},[39,125269,125270],{"class":120},"text1",[39,125272,130],{"class":53},[39,125274,125275,125277,125279,125282],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,125276,137],{"class":136},[39,125278,124],{"class":53},[39,125280,125281],{"class":120},"text2",[39,125283,130],{"class":53},[20,125285,125286],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[160,125288,125290],{"id":125289},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125292,125293],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125295,125296],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[30,125298,125300],{"className":32,"code":125299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125301,125302,125307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125303,125304],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125305,125306],{"class":150},"# This will cause an error\n",[39,125308,125309],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125310,125311],{"class":150},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125313,125314,125315,35041,125317,125320],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125316,524],{},[15,125318,125319],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125322,125323],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[30,125325,125327],{"className":32,"code":125326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125328,125329,125348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125330,125331,125333,125335,125337,125340,125343,125346],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125332,34398],{"class":45},[39,125334,50],{"class":49},[39,125336,518],{"class":517},[39,125338,125339],{"class":521},"It",[39,125341,125342],{"class":34163},"\\'",[39,125344,125345],{"class":521},"s working",[39,125347,29409],{"class":517},[39,125349,125350,125352,125354,125356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125351,137],{"class":136},[39,125353,124],{"class":53},[39,125355,34419],{"class":120},[39,125357,130],{"class":53},[20,125359,125360],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[30,125362,125364],{"className":32,"code":125363,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125365,125366,125378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125369,34398],{"class":45},[39,125371,50],{"class":49},[39,125373,572],{"class":517},[39,125375,125241],{"class":521},[39,125377,3062],{"class":517},[39,125379,125380,125382,125384,125386],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125381,137],{"class":136},[39,125383,124],{"class":53},[39,125385,34419],{"class":120},[39,125387,130],{"class":53},[20,125389,125390],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125392,125393,125394,117],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[195,125395,125397],{"href":125396},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[160,125399,2537],{"id":2536},[20,125401,125402],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[988,125404,89933],{"id":89932},[20,125406,125407],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[30,125409,125411],{"className":32,"code":125410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125412,125413,125417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125414,125415],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125416,125306],{"class":150},[39,125418,125419],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125420,125421],{"class":150},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125423,125424,125425,8319,125428,125430],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125426,125427],{},"NameError",[15,125429,4714],{}," is not defined.",[20,125432,10521],{},[30,125434,125436],{"className":32,"code":125435,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125437,125438,125450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125439,125440,125442,125444,125446,125448],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125441,7592],{"class":45},[39,125443,50],{"class":49},[39,125445,572],{"class":517},[39,125447,4714],{"class":521},[39,125449,3062],{"class":517},[39,125451,125452,125454,125456,125458],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125453,137],{"class":136},[39,125455,124],{"class":53},[39,125457,7382],{"class":120},[39,125459,130],{"class":53},[988,125461,125463],{"id":125462},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125465,125466],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[30,125468,125470],{"className":32,"code":125469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125471,125472,125476],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125473,125474],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125475,125306],{"class":150},[39,125477,125478],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125479,125480],{"class":150},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125482,125483],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[30,125485,125487],{"className":32,"code":125486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125488,125489,125506,125519,125523,125533],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125490,125491,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125492,125234],{"class":45},[39,125494,50],{"class":49},[39,125496,518],{"class":517},[39,125498,125339],{"class":521},[39,125500,125342],{"class":34163},[39,125502,125503],{"class":521},"s good",[39,125505,29409],{"class":517},[39,125507,125508,125510,125512,125514,125517],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125509,125248],{"class":45},[39,125511,50],{"class":49},[39,125513,572],{"class":517},[39,125515,125516],{"class":521},"It's good",[39,125518,3062],{"class":517},[39,125520,125521],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125522,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125526,137],{"class":136},[39,125528,124],{"class":53},[39,125530,125270],{"class":120},[39,125532,130],{"class":53},[39,125534,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,125536,137],{"class":136},[39,125538,124],{"class":53},[39,125540,125281],{"class":120},[39,125542,130],{"class":53},[988,125544,125546],{"id":125545},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125548,125549],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[30,125551,125553],{"className":32,"code":125552,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125554,125555,125567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125556,125557,125559,125561,125563,125565],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125558,34398],{"class":45},[39,125560,50],{"class":49},[39,125562,124910],{"class":517},[39,125564,3552],{"class":521},[39,125566,43052],{"class":517},[39,125568,125569,125571,125573,125575],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125570,137],{"class":136},[39,125572,124],{"class":53},[39,125574,34419],{"class":120},[39,125576,130],{"class":53},[20,125578,125579],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[30,125581,125583],{"className":32,"code":125582,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125584,125585,125597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593,125595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125588,34398],{"class":45},[39,125590,50],{"class":49},[39,125592,572],{"class":517},[39,125594,3552],{"class":521},[39,125596,3062],{"class":517},[39,125598,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125600,137],{"class":136},[39,125602,124],{"class":53},[39,125604,34419],{"class":120},[39,125606,130],{"class":53},[988,125608,4289,125610,4104,125612,125614],{"id":125609},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125611,49963],{},[15,125613,50013],{}," are the same type",[20,125616,125617],{},"They are different:",[30,125619,125621],{"className":32,"code":125620,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125622,125623,125632,125645,125649,125663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125624,125625,125628,125630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125626,125627],{"class":45},"value1 ",[39,125629,50],{"class":49},[39,125631,124638],{"class":57},[39,125633,125634,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125635,125636],{"class":45},"value2 ",[39,125638,50],{"class":49},[39,125640,572],{"class":517},[39,125642,49963],{"class":521},[39,125644,3062],{"class":517},[39,125646,125647],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125648,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125650,125651,125653,125655,125657,125659,125661],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125652,137],{"class":136},[39,125654,124],{"class":53},[39,125656,479],{"class":478},[39,125658,124],{"class":53},[39,125660,84490],{"class":120},[39,125662,486],{"class":53},[39,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671,125673,125676],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,125666,137],{"class":136},[39,125668,124],{"class":53},[39,125670,479],{"class":478},[39,125672,124],{"class":53},[39,125674,125675],{"class":120},"value2",[39,125677,486],{"class":53},[20,125679,353],{},[30,125681,125683],{"className":32,"code":125682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125684,125685,125699],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125686,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695,125697],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125688,510],{"class":49},[39,125690,514],{"class":513},[39,125692,518],{"class":517},[39,125694,1895],{"class":521},[39,125696,524],{"class":517},[39,125698,527],{"class":49},[39,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709,125711],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125702,510],{"class":49},[39,125704,514],{"class":513},[39,125706,518],{"class":517},[39,125708,3147],{"class":521},[39,125710,524],{"class":517},[39,125712,527],{"class":49},[988,125714,125716],{"id":125715},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125718,125719],{},"This causes a type error:",[30,125721,125723],{"className":32,"code":125722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125724,125725,125729,125734],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125726,125727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125728,125306],{"class":150},[39,125730,125731],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125732,125733],{"class":150},"# age = 10\n",[39,125735,125736],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125737,125738],{"class":150},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125740,125741,125742,1250],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125743,47400],{},[30,125745,125747],{"className":32,"code":125746,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125748,125749,125757,125779,125783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125750,125751,125753,125755],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125752,21336],{"class":45},[39,125754,50],{"class":49},[39,125756,2293],{"class":57},[39,125758,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125775,125777],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125760,89726],{"class":45},[39,125762,50],{"class":49},[39,125764,572],{"class":517},[39,125766,89144],{"class":521},[39,125768,562],{"class":517},[39,125770,2161],{"class":49},[39,125772,48621],{"class":478},[39,125774,124],{"class":53},[39,125776,9015],{"class":120},[39,125778,130],{"class":53},[39,125780,125781],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125782,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125784,125785,125787,125789,125791],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125786,137],{"class":136},[39,125788,124],{"class":53},[39,125790,89743],{"class":120},[39,125792,130],{"class":53},[20,125794,125795,125796,117],{},"For this specific error, see ",[195,125797,90125],{"href":90124},[988,125799,60430],{"id":60429},[20,125801,125802],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[30,125804,125806],{"className":32,"code":125805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125807,125808,125820,125824,125834,125848],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125809,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125811,34398],{"class":45},[39,125813,50],{"class":49},[39,125815,572],{"class":517},[39,125817,3552],{"class":521},[39,125819,3062],{"class":517},[39,125821,125822],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,125823,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,125825,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,125827,137],{"class":136},[39,125829,124],{"class":53},[39,125831,34419],{"class":120},[39,125833,130],{"class":53},[39,125835,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,125837,137],{"class":136},[39,125839,124],{"class":53},[39,125841,479],{"class":478},[39,125843,124],{"class":53},[39,125845,34419],{"class":120},[39,125847,486],{"class":53},[39,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858,125860],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,125851,137],{"class":136},[39,125853,124],{"class":53},[39,125855,41494],{"class":136},[39,125857,124],{"class":53},[39,125859,34419],{"class":120},[39,125861,486],{"class":53},[176,125863,125864,125869,125874],{},[179,125865,125866,45994],{},[15,125867,125868],{},"print(text)",[179,125870,125871,45999],{},[15,125872,125873],{},"print(type(text))",[179,125875,125876,125879],{},[15,125877,125878],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[160,125881,1563],{"id":1562},[988,125883,125885],{"id":125884},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125887,125888,125889,1292,125892,117],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125890,125891],{},"'hello'",[15,125893,64255],{},[988,125895,125897],{"id":125896},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125899,125900],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[988,125902,125904],{"id":125903},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125906,154,125907,1292,125909,117],{},[15,125908,5986],{},[15,125910,3479],{},[988,125912,125914],{"id":125913},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125916,154,125917,125919,125920,125922,125923,117],{},[15,125918,47400],{},", like ",[15,125921,80101],{},", which returns ",[15,125924,41841],{},[988,125926,125928],{"id":125927},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125930,125931],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[160,125933,1613],{"id":1612},[176,125935,125936,125940,125946,125951,125960,125964],{},[179,125937,125938],{},[195,125939,124711],{"href":50693},[179,125941,125942],{},[195,125943,13,125944,3213],{"href":41890},[15,125945,47400],{},[179,125947,125948],{},[195,125949,125950],{"href":122881},"How to convert int to string in Python",[179,125952,125953],{},[195,125954,125956,125957,1627],{"href":125955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125958,125959],{},"format()",[179,125961,125962],{},[195,125963,125397],{"href":125396},[179,125965,125966],{},[195,125967,90125],{"href":90124},[1642,125969,125970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":125972},[125973,125974,125975,125976,125977,125978,125979,125980,125981,125990,125997],{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":124550,"depth":75,"text":124551},{"id":124714,"depth":75,"text":124715},{"id":124789,"depth":75,"text":124790},{"id":124889,"depth":75,"text":124890},{"id":124994,"depth":75,"text":124995},{"id":125172,"depth":75,"text":125173},{"id":125289,"depth":75,"text":125290},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":125982},[125983,125984,125985,125986,125988,125989],{"id":89932,"depth":99,"text":89933},{"id":125462,"depth":99,"text":125463},{"id":125545,"depth":99,"text":125546},{"id":125609,"depth":99,"text":125987},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125715,"depth":99,"text":125716},{"id":60429,"depth":99,"text":60430},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":125991},[125992,125993,125994,125995,125996],{"id":125884,"depth":99,"text":125885},{"id":125896,"depth":99,"text":125897},{"id":125903,"depth":99,"text":125904},{"id":125913,"depth":99,"text":125914},{"id":125927,"depth":99,"text":125928},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124412,"description":125998},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126005,"title":126006,"body":126007,"description":127921,"extension":1670,"meta":127922,"navigation":102,"path":127923,"seo":127924,"stem":127925,"__hash__":127926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126008,"toc":127882},[126009,126015,126020,126028,126030,126097,126099,126111,126120,126125,126129,126146,126148,126213,126215,126227,126232,126234,126262,126283,126286,126325,126327,126335,126339,126343,126347,126355,126358,126399,126401,126409,126412,126469,126471,126479,126483,126488,126532,126534,126542,126551,126555,126560,126608,126610,126618,126624,126626,126630,126642,126647,126726,126728,126748,126752,126756,126796,126798,126806,126810,126853,126855,126863,126867,126907,126909,126917,126921,126977,126979,126987,126993,126995,126999,127009,127076,127078,127091,127098,127141,127143,127151,127155,127158,127214,127216,127224,127227,127229,127306,127308,127316,127325,127327,127331,127335,127337,127359,127362,127409,127413,127452,127454,127462,127464,127506,127513,127518,127580,127582,127594,127600,127605,127654,127656,127675,127681,127683,127702,127704,127795,127797,127803,127810,127816,127822,127827,127836,127843,127851,127853,127879],[10,126010,122956,126012,18],{"id":126011},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126013,126014],{},"endswith()",[20,126016,122961,126017,126019],{},[15,126018,126014],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126021,126022,126023,1292,126025,126027],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126024,3308],{},[15,126026,3379],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[160,126029,1711],{"id":1710},[30,126031,126033],{"className":32,"code":126032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126034,126035,126049,126074],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126036,126037,126040,126042,126044,126047],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126038,126039],{"class":45},"filename ",[39,126041,50],{"class":49},[39,126043,572],{"class":517},[39,126045,126046],{"class":521},"report.csv",[39,126048,3062],{"class":517},[39,126050,126051,126053,126055,126058,126060,126063,126065,126067,126070,126072],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126052,137],{"class":136},[39,126054,124],{"class":53},[39,126056,126057],{"class":120},"filename",[39,126059,117],{"class":53},[39,126061,126062],{"class":120},"endswith",[39,126064,124],{"class":53},[39,126066,562],{"class":517},[39,126068,126069],{"class":521},".csv",[39,126071,562],{"class":517},[39,126073,486],{"class":53},[39,126075,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090,126093,126095],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,126077,137],{"class":136},[39,126079,124],{"class":53},[39,126081,126057],{"class":120},[39,126083,117],{"class":53},[39,126085,126062],{"class":120},[39,126087,124],{"class":53},[39,126089,562],{"class":517},[39,126091,126092],{"class":521},".txt",[39,126094,562],{"class":517},[39,126096,486],{"class":53},[20,126098,353],{},[30,126100,126101],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126102,126103,126107],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126104,126105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126106,3689],{"class":3559},[39,126108,126109],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126110,3750],{"class":3559},[20,126112,154,126113,5081,126115,1292,126117,126119],{},[15,126114,126014],{},[15,126116,3308],{},[15,126118,3379],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[160,126121,3383,126123,3386],{"id":126122},"what-endswith-does",[15,126124,126014],{},[20,126126,126127,1250],{},[15,126128,126014],{},[176,126130,126131,126134,126140,126143],{},[179,126132,126133],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[179,126135,11137,126136,1292,126138],{},[15,126137,3308],{},[15,126139,3379],{},[179,126141,126142],{},"Does not change the original string",[179,126144,126145],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126147,267],{},[30,126149,126151],{"className":32,"code":126150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126152,126153,126165,126169,126191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126154,126155,126157,126159,126161,126163],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126156,34398],{"class":45},[39,126158,50],{"class":49},[39,126160,572],{"class":517},[39,126162,60126],{"class":521},[39,126164,3062],{"class":517},[39,126166,126167],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126168,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,126170,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183,126185,126187,126189],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,126172,137],{"class":136},[39,126174,124],{"class":53},[39,126176,34419],{"class":120},[39,126178,117],{"class":53},[39,126180,126062],{"class":120},[39,126182,124],{"class":53},[39,126184,562],{"class":517},[39,126186,60311],{"class":521},[39,126188,562],{"class":517},[39,126190,486],{"class":53},[39,126192,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,126194,137],{"class":136},[39,126196,124],{"class":53},[39,126198,34419],{"class":120},[39,126200,117],{"class":53},[39,126202,126062],{"class":120},[39,126204,124],{"class":53},[39,126206,562],{"class":517},[39,126208,3552],{"class":521},[39,126210,562],{"class":517},[39,126212,486],{"class":53},[20,126214,353],{},[30,126216,126217],{"className":32,"code":43889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126218,126219,126223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126220,126221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126222,3689],{"class":3559},[39,126224,126225],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126226,3750],{"class":3559},[20,126228,126229,126230,117],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[195,126231,124711],{"href":50693},[160,126233,202],{"id":201},[30,126235,126237],{"className":32,"code":126236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126238,126239],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126240,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126252,126254,126256,126258,126260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126242,60894],{"class":45},[39,126244,117],{"class":53},[39,126246,126062],{"class":120},[39,126248,124],{"class":53},[39,126250,126251],{"class":120},"suffix",[39,126253,61],{"class":53},[39,126255,35764],{"class":120},[39,126257,61],{"class":53},[39,126259,64761],{"class":120},[39,126261,130],{"class":53},[176,126263,126264,126269,126276],{},[179,126265,126266,126268],{},[15,126267,126251],{}," is required",[179,126270,126271,4104,126273,126275],{},[15,126272,35785],{},[15,126274,52379],{}," are optional",[179,126277,126278,4104,126280,126282],{},[15,126279,35785],{},[15,126281,52379],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126284,126285],{},"Basic example:",[30,126287,126289],{"className":32,"code":126288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126290,126291,126303],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126292,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126294,126039],{"class":45},[39,126296,50],{"class":49},[39,126298,572],{"class":517},[39,126300,86614],{"class":521},[39,126302,3062],{"class":517},[39,126304,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126306,137],{"class":136},[39,126308,124],{"class":53},[39,126310,126057],{"class":120},[39,126312,117],{"class":53},[39,126314,126062],{"class":120},[39,126316,124],{"class":53},[39,126318,562],{"class":517},[39,126320,126092],{"class":521},[39,126322,562],{"class":517},[39,126324,486],{"class":53},[20,126326,353],{},[30,126328,126329],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126330,126331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126332,126333],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126334,3689],{"class":3559},[160,126336,126338],{"id":126337},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[988,126340,126341],{"id":126251},[15,126342,126251],{},[20,126344,126345,30458],{},[15,126346,126251],{},[176,126348,126349,126352],{},[179,126350,126351],{},"A single string",[179,126353,126354],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126356,126357],{},"Single suffix:",[30,126359,126361],{"className":32,"code":126360,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126362,126363,126376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126364,126365,126367,126369,126371,126374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126366,7592],{"class":45},[39,126368,50],{"class":49},[39,126370,572],{"class":517},[39,126372,126373],{"class":521},"image.png",[39,126375,3062],{"class":517},[39,126377,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388,126390,126392,126395,126397],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126379,137],{"class":136},[39,126381,124],{"class":53},[39,126383,7382],{"class":120},[39,126385,117],{"class":53},[39,126387,126062],{"class":120},[39,126389,124],{"class":53},[39,126391,562],{"class":517},[39,126393,126394],{"class":521},".png",[39,126396,562],{"class":517},[39,126398,486],{"class":53},[20,126400,353],{},[30,126402,126403],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126404,126405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126406,126407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126408,3689],{"class":3559},[20,126410,126411],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[30,126413,126415],{"className":32,"code":126414,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126416,126417,126429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126420,7592],{"class":45},[39,126422,50],{"class":49},[39,126424,572],{"class":517},[39,126426,126373],{"class":521},[39,126428,3062],{"class":517},[39,126430,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126448,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460,126462,126465,126467],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126432,137],{"class":136},[39,126434,124],{"class":53},[39,126436,7382],{"class":120},[39,126438,117],{"class":53},[39,126440,126062],{"class":120},[39,126442,5223],{"class":53},[39,126444,562],{"class":517},[39,126446,126447],{"class":521},".jpg",[39,126449,562],{"class":517},[39,126451,61],{"class":53},[39,126453,572],{"class":517},[39,126455,126394],{"class":521},[39,126457,562],{"class":517},[39,126459,61],{"class":53},[39,126461,572],{"class":517},[39,126463,126464],{"class":521},".gif",[39,126466,562],{"class":517},[39,126468,2619],{"class":53},[20,126470,353],{},[30,126472,126473],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126474,126475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126476,126477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126478,3689],{"class":3559},[988,126480,126481],{"id":35785},[15,126482,35785],{},[20,126484,126485,126487],{},[15,126486,35785],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[30,126489,126491],{"className":32,"code":126490,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126492,126493,126506],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126494,126495,126497,126499,126501,126504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126496,34398],{"class":45},[39,126498,50],{"class":49},[39,126500,572],{"class":517},[39,126502,126503],{"class":521},"my_report.csv",[39,126505,3062],{"class":517},[39,126507,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126509,137],{"class":136},[39,126511,124],{"class":53},[39,126513,34419],{"class":120},[39,126515,117],{"class":53},[39,126517,126062],{"class":120},[39,126519,124],{"class":53},[39,126521,562],{"class":517},[39,126523,126069],{"class":521},[39,126525,562],{"class":517},[39,126527,61],{"class":53},[39,126529,69],{"class":57},[39,126531,486],{"class":53},[20,126533,353],{},[30,126535,126536],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126537,126538],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126539,126540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126541,3689],{"class":3559},[20,126543,126544,126545,126547,126548,117],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126546,307],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126549,126550],{},"\"report.csv\"",[988,126552,126553],{"id":52379},[15,126554,52379],{},[20,126556,126557,126559],{},[15,126558,52379],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[30,126561,126563],{"className":32,"code":126562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126564,126565,126578],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126566,126567,126569,126571,126573,126576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126568,34398],{"class":45},[39,126570,50],{"class":49},[39,126572,572],{"class":517},[39,126574,126575],{"class":521},"report.csv backup",[39,126577,3062],{"class":517},[39,126579,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126581,137],{"class":136},[39,126583,124],{"class":53},[39,126585,34419],{"class":120},[39,126587,117],{"class":53},[39,126589,126062],{"class":120},[39,126591,124],{"class":53},[39,126593,562],{"class":517},[39,126595,126069],{"class":521},[39,126597,562],{"class":517},[39,126599,61],{"class":53},[39,126601,3540],{"class":57},[39,126603,61],{"class":53},[39,126605,5718],{"class":57},[39,126607,486],{"class":53},[20,126609,353],{},[30,126611,126612],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126613,126614],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126615,126616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126617,3689],{"class":3559},[20,126619,126620,126621,126623],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126622,126550],{}," and ignores the rest.",[160,126625,375],{"id":374},[20,126627,126628,25216],{},[15,126629,126014],{},[176,126631,126632,126637],{},[179,126633,126634,126636],{},[15,126635,3308],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[179,126638,126639,126641],{},[15,126640,3379],{}," if it does not",[20,126643,126644,126645,6885],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126646,6710],{},[30,126648,126650],{"className":32,"code":126649,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126651,126652,126665,126669,126690,126705,126711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126653,126654,126656,126658,126660,126663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126655,126039],{"class":45},[39,126657,50],{"class":49},[39,126659,572],{"class":517},[39,126661,126662],{"class":521},"data.csv",[39,126664,3062],{"class":517},[39,126666,126667],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126668,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,126670,126671,126673,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,126672,6710],{"class":3584},[39,126674,126675],{"class":45}," filename",[39,126677,117],{"class":53},[39,126679,126062],{"class":120},[39,126681,124],{"class":53},[39,126683,562],{"class":517},[39,126685,126069],{"class":521},[39,126687,562],{"class":517},[39,126689,8059],{"class":53},[39,126691,126692,126694,126696,126698,126701,126703],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,126693,7785],{"class":136},[39,126695,124],{"class":53},[39,126697,562],{"class":517},[39,126699,126700],{"class":521},"This is a CSV file.",[39,126702,562],{"class":517},[39,126704,130],{"class":53},[39,126706,126707,126709],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,126708,27142],{"class":3584},[39,126710,6107],{"class":53},[39,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126722,126724],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,126714,7785],{"class":136},[39,126716,124],{"class":53},[39,126718,562],{"class":517},[39,126720,126721],{"class":521},"This is not a CSV file.",[39,126723,562],{"class":517},[39,126725,130],{"class":53},[20,126727,353],{},[30,126729,126731],{"className":32,"code":126730,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126732,126733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126734,126735,126737,126739,126741,126744,126746],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126736,49596],{"class":45},[39,126738,11906],{"class":49},[39,126740,44260],{"class":45},[39,126742,126743],{"class":34163},"CSV",[39,126745,86355],{"class":86354},[39,126747,121988],{"class":53},[160,126749,126751],{"id":126750},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[988,126753,126755],{"id":126754},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[30,126757,126759],{"className":32,"code":126758,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126760,126761,126774],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126762,126763,126765,126767,126769,126772],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126764,126039],{"class":45},[39,126766,50],{"class":49},[39,126768,572],{"class":517},[39,126770,126771],{"class":521},"sales.csv",[39,126773,3062],{"class":517},[39,126775,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126777,137],{"class":136},[39,126779,124],{"class":53},[39,126781,126057],{"class":120},[39,126783,117],{"class":53},[39,126785,126062],{"class":120},[39,126787,124],{"class":53},[39,126789,562],{"class":517},[39,126791,126069],{"class":521},[39,126793,562],{"class":517},[39,126795,486],{"class":53},[20,126797,353],{},[30,126799,126800],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126801,126802],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126803,126804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126805,3689],{"class":3559},[988,126807,126809],{"id":126808},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[30,126811,126813],{"className":32,"code":126812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126814,126815,126829],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126816,126817,126820,126822,126824,126827],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126818,126819],{"class":45},"url ",[39,126821,50],{"class":49},[39,126823,572],{"class":517},[39,126825,126826],{"class":521},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[39,126828,3062],{"class":517},[39,126830,126831,126833,126835,126838,126840,126842,126844,126846,126849,126851],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126832,137],{"class":136},[39,126834,124],{"class":53},[39,126836,126837],{"class":120},"url",[39,126839,117],{"class":53},[39,126841,126062],{"class":120},[39,126843,124],{"class":53},[39,126845,562],{"class":517},[39,126847,126848],{"class":521},"\u002F",[39,126850,562],{"class":517},[39,126852,486],{"class":53},[20,126854,353],{},[30,126856,126857],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126858,126859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126860,126861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126862,3689],{"class":3559},[988,126864,126866],{"id":126865},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[30,126868,126870],{"className":32,"code":126869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126871,126872,126885],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126873,126874,126876,126878,126880,126883],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126875,89726],{"class":45},[39,126877,50],{"class":49},[39,126879,572],{"class":517},[39,126881,126882],{"class":521},"Hello!",[39,126884,3062],{"class":517},[39,126886,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126888,137],{"class":136},[39,126890,124],{"class":53},[39,126892,89743],{"class":120},[39,126894,117],{"class":53},[39,126896,126062],{"class":120},[39,126898,124],{"class":53},[39,126900,562],{"class":517},[39,126902,89567],{"class":521},[39,126904,562],{"class":517},[39,126906,486],{"class":53},[20,126908,353],{},[30,126910,126911],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126912,126913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126914,126915],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126916,3689],{"class":3559},[988,126918,126920],{"id":126919},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[30,126922,126924],{"className":32,"code":126923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126925,126926,126939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126927,126928,126930,126932,126934,126937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126929,126039],{"class":45},[39,126931,50],{"class":49},[39,126933,572],{"class":517},[39,126935,126936],{"class":521},"photo.jpg",[39,126938,3062],{"class":517},[39,126940,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,126942,137],{"class":136},[39,126944,124],{"class":53},[39,126946,126057],{"class":120},[39,126948,117],{"class":53},[39,126950,126062],{"class":120},[39,126952,5223],{"class":53},[39,126954,562],{"class":517},[39,126956,126447],{"class":521},[39,126958,562],{"class":517},[39,126960,61],{"class":53},[39,126962,572],{"class":517},[39,126964,126394],{"class":521},[39,126966,562],{"class":517},[39,126968,61],{"class":53},[39,126970,572],{"class":517},[39,126972,126464],{"class":521},[39,126974,562],{"class":517},[39,126976,2619],{"class":53},[20,126978,353],{},[30,126980,126981],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126982,126983],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126984,126985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126986,3689],{"class":3559},[20,126988,126989,126990,117],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[195,126991,126992],{"href":123211},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[160,126994,123603],{"id":123602},[20,126996,126997,123414],{},[15,126998,126014],{},[20,127000,127001,127002,4104,127005,127008],{},"That means ",[15,127003,127004],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127006,127007],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[30,127010,127012],{"className":32,"code":127011,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127013,127014,127027,127031,127053],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127015,127016,127018,127020,127022,127025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127017,126039],{"class":45},[39,127019,50],{"class":49},[39,127021,572],{"class":517},[39,127023,127024],{"class":521},"REPORT.CSV",[39,127026,3062],{"class":517},[39,127028,127029],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127030,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,127032,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127034,137],{"class":136},[39,127036,124],{"class":53},[39,127038,126057],{"class":120},[39,127040,117],{"class":53},[39,127042,126062],{"class":120},[39,127044,124],{"class":53},[39,127046,562],{"class":517},[39,127048,126069],{"class":521},[39,127050,562],{"class":517},[39,127052,486],{"class":53},[39,127054,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127072,127074],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,127056,137],{"class":136},[39,127058,124],{"class":53},[39,127060,126057],{"class":120},[39,127062,117],{"class":53},[39,127064,126062],{"class":120},[39,127066,124],{"class":53},[39,127068,562],{"class":517},[39,127070,127071],{"class":521},".CSV",[39,127073,562],{"class":517},[39,127075,486],{"class":53},[20,127077,353],{},[30,127079,127081],{"className":32,"code":127080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127082,127083,127087],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127084,127085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127086,3750],{"class":3559},[39,127088,127089],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127090,3689],{"class":3559},[20,127092,127093,127094,117],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[195,127095,127096],{"href":123683},[15,127097,123686],{},[30,127099,127101],{"className":32,"code":127100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127102,127103,127115],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127104,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127106,126039],{"class":45},[39,127108,50],{"class":49},[39,127110,572],{"class":517},[39,127112,127024],{"class":521},[39,127114,3062],{"class":517},[39,127116,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127118,137],{"class":136},[39,127120,124],{"class":53},[39,127122,126057],{"class":120},[39,127124,117],{"class":53},[39,127126,8358],{"class":120},[39,127128,8355],{"class":53},[39,127130,126062],{"class":120},[39,127132,124],{"class":53},[39,127134,562],{"class":517},[39,127136,126069],{"class":521},[39,127138,562],{"class":517},[39,127140,486],{"class":53},[20,127142,353],{},[30,127144,127145],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127146,127147],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127148,127149],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127150,3689],{"class":3559},[160,127152,127154],{"id":127153},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127156,127157],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[30,127159,127161],{"className":32,"code":127160,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127162,127163,127176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127164,127165,127167,127169,127171,127174],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127166,126039],{"class":45},[39,127168,50],{"class":49},[39,127170,572],{"class":517},[39,127172,127173],{"class":521},"picture.gif",[39,127175,3062],{"class":517},[39,127177,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127179,137],{"class":136},[39,127181,124],{"class":53},[39,127183,126057],{"class":120},[39,127185,117],{"class":53},[39,127187,126062],{"class":120},[39,127189,5223],{"class":53},[39,127191,562],{"class":517},[39,127193,126447],{"class":521},[39,127195,562],{"class":517},[39,127197,61],{"class":53},[39,127199,572],{"class":517},[39,127201,126394],{"class":521},[39,127203,562],{"class":517},[39,127205,61],{"class":53},[39,127207,572],{"class":517},[39,127209,126464],{"class":521},[39,127211,562],{"class":517},[39,127213,2619],{"class":53},[20,127215,353],{},[30,127217,127218],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127219,127220],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127221,127222],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127223,3689],{"class":3559},[20,127225,127226],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127228,51798],{},[30,127230,127232],{"className":32,"code":127231,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127233,127234,127247,127282,127286],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127235,127236,127239,127241,127243,127245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127237,127238],{"class":45},"document ",[39,127240,50],{"class":49},[39,127242,572],{"class":517},[39,127244,86614],{"class":521},[39,127246,3062],{"class":517},[39,127248,127249,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127269,127271,127273,127275,127278,127280],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127250,127251],{"class":45},"allowed ",[39,127253,50],{"class":49},[39,127255,933],{"class":53},[39,127257,562],{"class":517},[39,127259,126092],{"class":521},[39,127261,562],{"class":517},[39,127263,61],{"class":53},[39,127265,572],{"class":517},[39,127267,127268],{"class":521},".md",[39,127270,562],{"class":517},[39,127272,61],{"class":53},[39,127274,572],{"class":517},[39,127276,127277],{"class":521},".docx",[39,127279,562],{"class":517},[39,127281,130],{"class":53},[39,127283,127284],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127285,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,127287,127288,127290,127292,127295,127297,127299,127301,127304],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,127289,137],{"class":136},[39,127291,124],{"class":53},[39,127293,127294],{"class":120},"document",[39,127296,117],{"class":53},[39,127298,126062],{"class":120},[39,127300,124],{"class":53},[39,127302,127303],{"class":120},"allowed",[39,127305,486],{"class":53},[20,127307,353],{},[30,127309,127310],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127311,127312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127313,127314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127315,3689],{"class":3559},[20,127317,127318,127319,117],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[195,127320,125956,127322,1627],{"href":127321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127323,127324],{},"startswith()",[160,127326,2537],{"id":2536},[20,127328,8164,127329,117],{},[15,127330,126014],{},[988,127332,127334],{"id":127333},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127336,4235],{},[30,127338,127340],{"className":32,"code":127339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127341,127342,127354],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127343,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127345,126039],{"class":45},[39,127347,50],{"class":49},[39,127349,572],{"class":517},[39,127351,126936],{"class":521},[39,127353,3062],{"class":517},[39,127355,127356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127357,127358],{"class":150},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127360,127361],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[30,127363,127365],{"className":32,"code":127364,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127366,127367,127379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127368,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127370,126039],{"class":45},[39,127372,50],{"class":49},[39,127374,572],{"class":517},[39,127376,126936],{"class":521},[39,127378,3062],{"class":517},[39,127380,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405,127407],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127382,137],{"class":136},[39,127384,124],{"class":53},[39,127386,126057],{"class":120},[39,127388,117],{"class":53},[39,127390,126062],{"class":120},[39,127392,5223],{"class":53},[39,127394,562],{"class":517},[39,127396,126447],{"class":521},[39,127398,562],{"class":517},[39,127400,61],{"class":53},[39,127402,572],{"class":517},[39,127404,126394],{"class":521},[39,127406,562],{"class":517},[39,127408,2619],{"class":53},[988,127410,127412],{"id":127411},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[30,127414,127416],{"className":32,"code":127415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127417,127418,127430],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127419,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127421,126039],{"class":45},[39,127423,50],{"class":49},[39,127425,572],{"class":517},[39,127427,127024],{"class":521},[39,127429,3062],{"class":517},[39,127431,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127433,137],{"class":136},[39,127435,124],{"class":53},[39,127437,126057],{"class":120},[39,127439,117],{"class":53},[39,127441,126062],{"class":120},[39,127443,124],{"class":53},[39,127445,562],{"class":517},[39,127447,126069],{"class":521},[39,127449,562],{"class":517},[39,127451,486],{"class":53},[20,127453,353],{},[30,127455,127456],{"className":32,"code":3750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127457,127458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127459,127460],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127461,3750],{"class":3559},[20,127463,38975],{},[30,127465,127466],{"className":32,"code":127100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127467,127468,127480],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127469,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127471,126039],{"class":45},[39,127473,50],{"class":49},[39,127475,572],{"class":517},[39,127477,127024],{"class":521},[39,127479,3062],{"class":517},[39,127481,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494,127496,127498,127500,127502,127504],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127483,137],{"class":136},[39,127485,124],{"class":53},[39,127487,126057],{"class":120},[39,127489,117],{"class":53},[39,127491,8358],{"class":120},[39,127493,8355],{"class":53},[39,127495,126062],{"class":120},[39,127497,124],{"class":53},[39,127499,562],{"class":517},[39,127501,126069],{"class":521},[39,127503,562],{"class":517},[39,127505,486],{"class":53},[988,127507,1282,127509,1285,127511],{"id":127508},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127510,126014],{},[15,127512,3591],{},[20,127514,127515,127517],{},[15,127516,126014],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[30,127519,127521],{"className":32,"code":127520,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127522,127523,127536,127540,127562],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127524,127525,127527,127529,127531,127534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127526,34398],{"class":45},[39,127528,50],{"class":49},[39,127530,572],{"class":517},[39,127532,127533],{"class":521},"my_report.csv.backup",[39,127535,3062],{"class":517},[39,127537,127538],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127539,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,127541,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127543,137],{"class":136},[39,127545,124],{"class":53},[39,127547,34419],{"class":120},[39,127549,117],{"class":53},[39,127551,126062],{"class":120},[39,127553,124],{"class":53},[39,127555,562],{"class":517},[39,127557,126069],{"class":521},[39,127559,562],{"class":517},[39,127561,486],{"class":53},[39,127563,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,127565,137],{"class":136},[39,127567,124],{"class":53},[39,127569,562],{"class":517},[39,127571,126069],{"class":521},[39,127573,562],{"class":517},[39,127575,20881],{"class":3584},[39,127577,42557],{"class":120},[39,127579,130],{"class":53},[20,127581,353],{},[30,127583,127584],{"className":32,"code":127080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127585,127586,127590],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127587,127588],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127589,3750],{"class":3559},[39,127591,127592],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127593,3689],{"class":3559},[988,127595,8170,127597,127599],{"id":127596},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127598,126014],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127601,127602,127604],{},[15,127603,126014],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[30,127606,127608],{"className":32,"code":127607,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127609,127610,127622,127644],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127611,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127613,126039],{"class":45},[39,127615,50],{"class":49},[39,127617,572],{"class":517},[39,127619,126046],{"class":521},[39,127621,3062],{"class":517},[39,127623,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127625,137],{"class":136},[39,127627,124],{"class":53},[39,127629,126057],{"class":120},[39,127631,117],{"class":53},[39,127633,126062],{"class":120},[39,127635,124],{"class":53},[39,127637,562],{"class":517},[39,127639,126069],{"class":521},[39,127641,562],{"class":517},[39,127643,486],{"class":53},[39,127645,127646,127648,127650,127652],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127647,137],{"class":136},[39,127649,124],{"class":53},[39,127651,126057],{"class":120},[39,127653,130],{"class":53},[20,127655,353],{},[30,127657,127659],{"className":32,"code":127658,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127660,127661,127665],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127662,127663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127664,3689],{"class":3559},[39,127666,127667,127670,127672],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127668,127669],{"class":45},"report",[39,127671,117],{"class":53},[39,127673,127674],{"class":24457},"csv\n",[20,127676,127677,127678,117],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[195,127679,127680],{"href":124124},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127682,65784],{},[176,127684,127685,127688,127691,127694],{},[179,127686,127687],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[179,127689,127690],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[179,127692,127693],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[179,127695,718,127696,44345,127698,1292,127700,111153],{},[15,127697,126014],{},[15,127699,124127],{},[15,127701,41368],{},[20,127703,1304],{},[30,127705,127707],{"className":32,"code":127706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127708,127709,127719,127733,127755,127781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127710,127711,127713,127715,127717],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127712,137],{"class":136},[39,127714,124],{"class":53},[39,127716,34419],{"class":120},[39,127718,130],{"class":53},[39,127720,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127722,137],{"class":136},[39,127724,124],{"class":53},[39,127726,41494],{"class":136},[39,127728,124],{"class":53},[39,127730,34419],{"class":120},[39,127732,486],{"class":53},[39,127734,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127736,137],{"class":136},[39,127738,124],{"class":53},[39,127740,34419],{"class":120},[39,127742,117],{"class":53},[39,127744,126062],{"class":120},[39,127746,124],{"class":53},[39,127748,524],{"class":517},[39,127750,126069],{"class":521},[39,127752,524],{"class":517},[39,127754,486],{"class":53},[39,127756,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,127758,137],{"class":136},[39,127760,124],{"class":53},[39,127762,34419],{"class":120},[39,127764,117],{"class":53},[39,127766,8358],{"class":120},[39,127768,8355],{"class":53},[39,127770,126062],{"class":120},[39,127772,124],{"class":53},[39,127774,524],{"class":517},[39,127776,126069],{"class":521},[39,127778,524],{"class":517},[39,127780,486],{"class":53},[39,127782,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,127784,137],{"class":136},[39,127786,124],{"class":53},[39,127788,479],{"class":478},[39,127790,124],{"class":53},[39,127792,34419],{"class":120},[39,127794,486],{"class":53},[160,127796,1563],{"id":1562},[988,127798,1567,127800,127802],{"id":127799},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127801,126014],{}," change the string?",[20,127804,127805,127806,1292,127808,117],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127807,3308],{},[15,127809,3379],{},[988,127811,1577,127813,127815],{"id":127812},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127814,126014],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127817,127818,127819,117],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127820,127821],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[988,127823,14612,127825,124292],{"id":127824},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127826,126014],{},[20,127828,127829,127830,1292,127832,127835],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127831,123686],{},[15,127833,127834],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[988,127837,4890,127839,4104,127841,2199],{"id":127838},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127840,126014],{},[15,127842,123951],{},[20,127844,127845,127847,127848,127850],{},[15,127846,126014],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127849,123951],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[160,127852,1613],{"id":1612},[176,127854,127855,127861,127867,127871,127875],{},[179,127856,127857],{},[195,127858,125956,127859,1627],{"href":127321},[15,127860,127324],{},[179,127862,127863],{},[195,127864,125956,127865,1627],{"href":123683},[15,127866,123686],{},[179,127868,127869],{},[195,127870,124355],{"href":123211},[179,127872,127873],{},[195,127874,124362],{"href":124124},[179,127876,127877],{},[195,127878,124711],{"href":50693},[1642,127880,127881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":127883},[127884,127885,127887,127888,127893,127894,127900,127901,127902,127910,127920],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":126122,"depth":75,"text":127886},"What endswith() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":126337,"depth":75,"text":126338,"children":127889},[127890,127891,127892],{"id":126251,"depth":99,"text":126251},{"id":35785,"depth":99,"text":35785},{"id":52379,"depth":99,"text":52379},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":126750,"depth":75,"text":126751,"children":127895},[127896,127897,127898,127899],{"id":126754,"depth":99,"text":126755},{"id":126808,"depth":99,"text":126809},{"id":126865,"depth":99,"text":126866},{"id":126919,"depth":99,"text":126920},{"id":123602,"depth":75,"text":123603},{"id":127153,"depth":75,"text":127154},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":127903},[127904,127905,127906,127908],{"id":127333,"depth":99,"text":127334},{"id":127411,"depth":99,"text":127412},{"id":127508,"depth":99,"text":127907},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127596,"depth":99,"text":127909},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":127911},[127912,127914,127916,127918],{"id":127799,"depth":99,"text":127913},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127812,"depth":99,"text":127915},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127824,"depth":99,"text":127917},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127838,"depth":99,"text":127919},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126006,"description":127921},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127928,"title":127929,"body":127930,"description":129598,"extension":1670,"meta":129599,"navigation":102,"path":129600,"seo":129601,"stem":129602,"__hash__":129603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127931,"toc":129571},[127932,127937,127942,127947,127952,128045,128055,128060,128065,128080,128082,128164,128172,128174,128176,128203,128205,128221,128228,128230,128338,128340,128345,128361,128363,128458,128466,128469,128475,128480,128485,128492,128631,128634,128647,128649,128653,128660,128730,128733,128782,128789,128796,128810,128815,128820,128866,128912,128928,128930,128935,128949,128952,129074,129079,129081,129086,129119,129122,129198,129200,129209,129223,129226,129310,129313,129424,129427,129455,129457,129464,129468,129474,129477,129483,129486,129493,129504,129510,129517,129519,129568],[10,127933,122956,127935,18],{"id":127934},"python-string-find-method",[15,127936,123951],{},[20,127938,122961,127939,127941],{},[15,127940,123951],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127943,127944,127945,117],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127946,65575],{},[20,127948,154,127949,127951],{},[15,127950,123951],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[30,127953,127955],{"className":32,"code":127954,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127956,127957,127969,127992,128005,128009,128032],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127958,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127960,34398],{"class":45},[39,127962,50],{"class":49},[39,127964,572],{"class":517},[39,127966,60126],{"class":521},[39,127968,3062],{"class":517},[39,127970,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,127972,64640],{"class":45},[39,127974,50],{"class":49},[39,127976,42557],{"class":45},[39,127978,117],{"class":53},[39,127980,127981],{"class":120},"find",[39,127983,124],{"class":53},[39,127985,562],{"class":517},[39,127987,60311],{"class":521},[39,127989,562],{"class":517},[39,127991,130],{"class":53},[39,127993,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,127995,137],{"class":136},[39,127997,124],{"class":53},[39,127999,64667],{"class":120},[39,128001,3366],{"class":53},[39,128003,128004],{"class":150},"   # 6\n",[39,128006,128007],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128008,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128010,128011,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,128012,128013],{"class":45},"missing ",[39,128015,50],{"class":49},[39,128017,42557],{"class":45},[39,128019,117],{"class":53},[39,128021,127981],{"class":120},[39,128023,124],{"class":53},[39,128025,562],{"class":517},[39,128027,34],{"class":521},[39,128029,562],{"class":517},[39,128031,130],{"class":53},[39,128033,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,128035,137],{"class":136},[39,128037,124],{"class":53},[39,128039,26481],{"class":120},[39,128041,3366],{"class":53},[39,128043,128044],{"class":150},"    # -1\n",[43295,128046,128047],{},[20,128048,154,128049,128051,128052,128054],{},[15,128050,123951],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128053,65575],{}," if the substring is not found.",[160,128056,3383,128058,3386],{"id":128057},"what-find-does",[15,128059,123951],{},[20,128061,128062,128064],{},[15,128063,123951],{}," is a string method that:",[176,128066,128067,128070,128073,128078],{},[179,128068,128069],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[179,128071,128072],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[179,128074,11137,128075,128077],{},[15,128076,65575],{}," if no match is found",[179,128079,126142],{},[20,128081,267],{},[30,128083,128085],{"className":32,"code":128084,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128086,128087,128099,128103,128127,128151],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128088,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128090,34398],{"class":45},[39,128092,50],{"class":49},[39,128094,572],{"class":517},[39,128096,3798],{"class":521},[39,128098,3062],{"class":517},[39,128100,128101],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128102,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128104,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128106,137],{"class":136},[39,128108,124],{"class":53},[39,128110,34419],{"class":120},[39,128112,117],{"class":53},[39,128114,127981],{"class":120},[39,128116,124],{"class":53},[39,128118,562],{"class":517},[39,128120,123049],{"class":521},[39,128122,562],{"class":517},[39,128124,5073],{"class":53},[39,128126,57364],{"class":150},[39,128128,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128130,137],{"class":136},[39,128132,124],{"class":53},[39,128134,34419],{"class":120},[39,128136,117],{"class":53},[39,128138,127981],{"class":120},[39,128140,124],{"class":53},[39,128142,562],{"class":517},[39,128144,1880],{"class":521},[39,128146,562],{"class":517},[39,128148,5073],{"class":53},[39,128150,128044],{"class":150},[39,128152,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,128154,137],{"class":136},[39,128156,124],{"class":53},[39,128158,34419],{"class":120},[39,128160,3366],{"class":53},[39,128162,128163],{"class":150},"              # banana\n",[20,128165,20478,128166,128169,128170,117],{},[15,128167,128168],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128171,85],{},[160,128173,202],{"id":201},[20,128175,1866],{},[30,128177,128179],{"className":32,"code":128178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128180,128181],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128184,60894],{"class":45},[39,128186,117],{"class":53},[39,128188,127981],{"class":120},[39,128190,124],{"class":53},[39,128192,2179],{"class":120},[39,128194,61],{"class":53},[39,128196,35764],{"class":120},[39,128198,61],{"class":53},[39,128200,64761],{"class":120},[39,128202,130],{"class":53},[988,128204,17104],{"id":17103},[176,128206,128207,128211,128216],{},[179,128208,128209,123148],{},[15,128210,2179],{},[179,128212,128213,128215],{},[15,128214,35785],{},": optional starting position",[179,128217,128218,128220],{},[15,128219,52379],{},": optional ending position",[20,128222,128223,4104,128225,128227],{},[15,128224,35785],{},[15,128226,52379],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128229,126285],{},[30,128231,128233],{"className":32,"code":128232,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128234,128235,128247,128251,128276,128305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128236,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128238,34398],{"class":45},[39,128240,50],{"class":49},[39,128242,572],{"class":517},[39,128244,60126],{"class":521},[39,128246,3062],{"class":517},[39,128248,128249],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128250,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128254,137],{"class":136},[39,128256,124],{"class":53},[39,128258,34419],{"class":120},[39,128260,117],{"class":53},[39,128262,127981],{"class":120},[39,128264,124],{"class":53},[39,128266,562],{"class":517},[39,128268,60193],{"class":521},[39,128270,562],{"class":517},[39,128272,5073],{"class":53},[39,128274,128275],{"class":150},"        # 4\n",[39,128277,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128279,137],{"class":136},[39,128281,124],{"class":53},[39,128283,34419],{"class":120},[39,128285,117],{"class":53},[39,128287,127981],{"class":120},[39,128289,124],{"class":53},[39,128291,562],{"class":517},[39,128293,60193],{"class":521},[39,128295,562],{"class":517},[39,128297,61],{"class":53},[39,128299,316],{"class":57},[39,128301,5073],{"class":53},[39,128303,128304],{"class":150},"     # 7\n",[39,128306,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,128308,137],{"class":136},[39,128310,124],{"class":53},[39,128312,34419],{"class":120},[39,128314,117],{"class":53},[39,128316,127981],{"class":120},[39,128318,124],{"class":53},[39,128320,562],{"class":517},[39,128322,60193],{"class":521},[39,128324,562],{"class":517},[39,128326,61],{"class":53},[39,128328,316],{"class":57},[39,128330,61],{"class":53},[39,128332,5707],{"class":57},[39,128334,5073],{"class":53},[39,128336,128337],{"class":150},"  # -1\n",[160,128339,37733],{"id":37732},[20,128341,57263,128342,128344],{},[15,128343,123951],{}," is always an integer.",[176,128346,128347,128353,128356],{},[179,128348,128349,128350,128352],{},"A number ",[15,128351,1826],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[179,128354,128355],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[179,128357,128358,128360],{},[15,128359,65575],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128362,267],{},[30,128364,128366],{"className":32,"code":128365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128367,128368,128380,128384,128409,128434],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128369,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128371,34398],{"class":45},[39,128373,50],{"class":49},[39,128375,572],{"class":517},[39,128377,34],{"class":521},[39,128379,3062],{"class":517},[39,128381,128382],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128383,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128385,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128403,128405,128407],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128387,137],{"class":136},[39,128389,124],{"class":53},[39,128391,34419],{"class":120},[39,128393,117],{"class":53},[39,128395,127981],{"class":120},[39,128397,124],{"class":53},[39,128399,562],{"class":517},[39,128401,128402],{"class":521},"py",[39,128404,562],{"class":517},[39,128406,5073],{"class":53},[39,128408,20475],{"class":150},[39,128410,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128428,128430,128432],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128412,137],{"class":136},[39,128414,124],{"class":53},[39,128416,34419],{"class":120},[39,128418,117],{"class":53},[39,128420,127981],{"class":120},[39,128422,124],{"class":53},[39,128424,562],{"class":517},[39,128426,128427],{"class":521},"th",[39,128429,562],{"class":517},[39,128431,5073],{"class":53},[39,128433,57364],{"class":150},[39,128435,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,128437,137],{"class":136},[39,128439,124],{"class":53},[39,128441,34419],{"class":120},[39,128443,117],{"class":53},[39,128445,127981],{"class":120},[39,128447,124],{"class":53},[39,128449,562],{"class":517},[39,128451,21784],{"class":521},[39,128453,562],{"class":517},[39,128455,5073],{"class":53},[39,128457,128044],{"class":150},[20,128459,89629,128460,8173,128462,1292,128464,117],{},[15,128461,123951],{},[15,128463,3308],{},[15,128465,3379],{},[20,128467,128468],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[160,128470,718,128471,4104,128473],{"id":65127},[15,128472,35785],{},[15,128474,52379],{},[20,128476,154,128477,128479],{},[15,128478,35785],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128481,154,128482,128484],{},[15,128483,52379],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128486,22,128487,75183,128489,128491],{},[15,128488,52379],{},[382,128490,64790],{}," in the search.",[30,128493,128495],{"className":32,"code":128494,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128496,128497,128510,128514,128538,128567,128599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128500,34398],{"class":45},[39,128502,50],{"class":49},[39,128504,572],{"class":517},[39,128506,128507],{"class":521},"one two three two",[39,128509,3062],{"class":517},[39,128511,128512],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128513,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128517,137],{"class":136},[39,128519,124],{"class":53},[39,128521,34419],{"class":120},[39,128523,117],{"class":53},[39,128525,127981],{"class":120},[39,128527,124],{"class":53},[39,128529,562],{"class":517},[39,128531,78992],{"class":521},[39,128533,562],{"class":517},[39,128535,5073],{"class":53},[39,128537,128275],{"class":150},[39,128539,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128541,137],{"class":136},[39,128543,124],{"class":53},[39,128545,34419],{"class":120},[39,128547,117],{"class":53},[39,128549,127981],{"class":120},[39,128551,124],{"class":53},[39,128553,562],{"class":517},[39,128555,78992],{"class":521},[39,128557,562],{"class":517},[39,128559,61],{"class":53},[39,128561,316],{"class":57},[39,128563,5073],{"class":53},[39,128565,128566],{"class":150},"     # 14\n",[39,128568,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,128570,137],{"class":136},[39,128572,124],{"class":53},[39,128574,34419],{"class":120},[39,128576,117],{"class":53},[39,128578,127981],{"class":120},[39,128580,124],{"class":53},[39,128582,562],{"class":517},[39,128584,78992],{"class":521},[39,128586,562],{"class":517},[39,128588,61],{"class":53},[39,128590,3540],{"class":57},[39,128592,61],{"class":53},[39,128594,5707],{"class":57},[39,128596,5073],{"class":53},[39,128598,50653],{"class":150},[39,128600,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,128602,137],{"class":136},[39,128604,124],{"class":53},[39,128606,34419],{"class":120},[39,128608,117],{"class":53},[39,128610,127981],{"class":120},[39,128612,124],{"class":53},[39,128614,562],{"class":517},[39,128616,78992],{"class":521},[39,128618,562],{"class":517},[39,128620,61],{"class":53},[39,128622,3540],{"class":57},[39,128624,61],{"class":53},[39,128626,94],{"class":57},[39,128628,5073],{"class":53},[39,128630,128337],{"class":150},[20,128632,128633],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128635,128636,128637,54788,128641,117],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[195,128638,128640],{"href":128639},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[195,128642,128644,128646],{"href":128643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128645,60251],{}," string method",[160,128648,123603],{"id":123602},[20,128650,128651,123414],{},[15,128652,123951],{},[20,128654,127001,128655,4104,128657,128659],{},[15,128656,90137],{},[15,128658,64255],{}," are treated as different text.",[30,128661,128663],{"className":32,"code":128662,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128664,128665,128678,128682,128706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128666,128667,128669,128671,128673,128676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128668,34398],{"class":45},[39,128670,50],{"class":49},[39,128672,572],{"class":517},[39,128674,128675],{"class":521},"Hello World",[39,128677,3062],{"class":517},[39,128679,128680],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128681,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128683,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128685,137],{"class":136},[39,128687,124],{"class":53},[39,128689,34419],{"class":120},[39,128691,117],{"class":53},[39,128693,127981],{"class":120},[39,128695,124],{"class":53},[39,128697,562],{"class":517},[39,128699,34578],{"class":521},[39,128701,562],{"class":517},[39,128703,5073],{"class":53},[39,128705,50965],{"class":150},[39,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,128709,137],{"class":136},[39,128711,124],{"class":53},[39,128713,34419],{"class":120},[39,128715,117],{"class":53},[39,128717,127981],{"class":120},[39,128719,124],{"class":53},[39,128721,562],{"class":517},[39,128723,3552],{"class":521},[39,128725,562],{"class":517},[39,128727,5073],{"class":53},[39,128729,128337],{"class":150},[20,128731,128732],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[30,128734,128736],{"className":32,"code":128735,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128737,128738,128750,128754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128739,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128741,34398],{"class":45},[39,128743,50],{"class":49},[39,128745,572],{"class":517},[39,128747,128675],{"class":521},[39,128749,3062],{"class":517},[39,128751,128752],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128753,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128755,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128757,137],{"class":136},[39,128759,124],{"class":53},[39,128761,34419],{"class":120},[39,128763,117],{"class":53},[39,128765,8358],{"class":120},[39,128767,8355],{"class":53},[39,128769,127981],{"class":120},[39,128771,124],{"class":53},[39,128773,562],{"class":517},[39,128775,3552],{"class":521},[39,128777,562],{"class":517},[39,128779,5073],{"class":53},[39,128781,50965],{"class":150},[160,128783,128785,980,128787],{"id":128784},"find-vs-index",[15,128786,123951],{},[15,128788,58687],{},[20,128790,128791,4104,128793,128795],{},[15,128792,123951],{},[15,128794,58687],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[176,128797,128798,128804],{},[179,128799,128800,2104,128802],{},[15,128801,123951],{},[15,128803,65575],{},[179,128805,128806,52213,128808],{},[15,128807,58687],{},[15,128809,40418],{},[20,128811,154,128812,128814],{},[15,128813,123951],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128816,154,128817,128819],{},[15,128818,58687],{}," when the value must exist.",[30,128821,128823],{"className":32,"code":128822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128824,128825,128837,128841],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128826,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128828,34398],{"class":45},[39,128830,50],{"class":49},[39,128832,572],{"class":517},[39,128834,3552],{"class":521},[39,128836,3062],{"class":517},[39,128838,128839],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128840,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128842,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128844,137],{"class":136},[39,128846,124],{"class":53},[39,128848,34419],{"class":120},[39,128850,117],{"class":53},[39,128852,127981],{"class":120},[39,128854,124],{"class":53},[39,128856,562],{"class":517},[39,128858,1880],{"class":521},[39,128860,562],{"class":517},[39,128862,5073],{"class":53},[39,128864,128865],{"class":150},"   # -1\n",[30,128867,128869],{"className":32,"code":128868,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128870,128871,128883,128887],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128874,34398],{"class":45},[39,128876,50],{"class":49},[39,128878,572],{"class":517},[39,128880,3552],{"class":521},[39,128882,3062],{"class":517},[39,128884,128885],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128886,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128888,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128890,137],{"class":136},[39,128892,124],{"class":53},[39,128894,34419],{"class":120},[39,128896,117],{"class":53},[39,128898,35558],{"class":120},[39,128900,124],{"class":53},[39,128902,562],{"class":517},[39,128904,1880],{"class":521},[39,128906,562],{"class":517},[39,128908,5073],{"class":53},[39,128910,128911],{"class":150},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128913,128914,128915,128919,128920,128922,128923,117],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[195,128916,128917,128646],{"href":123976},[15,128918,58687],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128921,58687],{},", read ",[195,128924,25387,128925],{"href":73203},[15,128926,128927],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[160,128929,40760],{"id":40759},[20,128931,35117,128932,128934],{},[15,128933,123951],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[176,128936,128937,128940,128943,128946],{},[179,128938,128939],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[179,128941,128942],{},"Get the position of a word",[179,128944,128945],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[179,128947,128948],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128950,128951],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[30,128953,128955],{"className":32,"code":128954,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128956,128957,128970,128993,128997,129012,129028,129047,129061],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128958,128959,128961,128963,128965,128968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128960,34398],{"class":45},[39,128962,50],{"class":49},[39,128964,572],{"class":517},[39,128966,128967],{"class":521},"name:Alice",[39,128969,3062],{"class":517},[39,128971,128972,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,128973,128974],{"class":45},"colon_pos ",[39,128976,50],{"class":49},[39,128978,42557],{"class":45},[39,128980,117],{"class":53},[39,128982,127981],{"class":120},[39,128984,124],{"class":53},[39,128986,562],{"class":517},[39,128988,1250],{"class":521},[39,128990,562],{"class":517},[39,128992,130],{"class":53},[39,128994,128995],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,128996,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,128998,128999,129001,129004,129006,129008,129010],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129000,6710],{"class":3584},[39,129002,129003],{"class":45}," colon_pos ",[39,129005,72313],{"class":49},[39,129007,1929],{"class":49},[39,129009,58],{"class":57},[39,129011,6107],{"class":53},[39,129013,129014,129017,129019,129021,129023,129026],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129015,129016],{"class":45},"    label ",[39,129018,50],{"class":49},[39,129020,42557],{"class":45},[39,129022,75256],{"class":53},[39,129024,129025],{"class":45},"colon_pos",[39,129027,3340],{"class":53},[39,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,129031,27109],{"class":45},[39,129033,50],{"class":49},[39,129035,42557],{"class":45},[39,129037,3609],{"class":53},[39,129039,128974],{"class":45},[39,129041,1767],{"class":49},[39,129043,5210],{"class":57},[39,129045,129046],{"class":53},":]\n",[39,129048,129049,129051,129053,129056,129058],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,129050,7785],{"class":136},[39,129052,124],{"class":53},[39,129054,129055],{"class":120},"label",[39,129057,3366],{"class":53},[39,129059,129060],{"class":150},"  # name\n",[39,129062,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,129064,7785],{"class":136},[39,129066,124],{"class":53},[39,129068,2179],{"class":120},[39,129070,3366],{"class":53},[39,129072,129073],{"class":150},"  # Alice\n",[20,129075,129076,129077,117],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[195,129078,126992],{"href":123211},[160,129080,2537],{"id":2536},[20,129082,129083,129084,1250],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129085,123951],{},[176,129087,129088,129097,129103,129108,129114],{},[179,129089,8170,129090,8173,129092,1292,129094,129096],{},[15,129091,123951],{},[15,129093,3308],{},[15,129095,3379],{}," instead of an index",[179,129098,129099,129100,129102],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129101,65575],{}," when the substring is missing",[179,129104,718,129105,129107],{},[15,129106,123951],{}," without handling case differences",[179,129109,1282,129110,1285,129112],{},[15,129111,123951],{},[15,129113,58687],{},[179,129115,4289,129116,129118],{},[15,129117,123951],{}," changes the string",[20,129120,129121],{},"Example of a mistake:",[30,129123,129125],{"className":32,"code":129124,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129126,129127,129139,129143,129163,129178,129184],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129128,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129130,34398],{"class":45},[39,129132,50],{"class":49},[39,129134,572],{"class":517},[39,129136,3552],{"class":521},[39,129138,3062],{"class":517},[39,129140,129141],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129142,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,129144,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129146,6710],{"class":3584},[39,129148,42557],{"class":45},[39,129150,117],{"class":53},[39,129152,127981],{"class":120},[39,129154,124],{"class":53},[39,129156,562],{"class":517},[39,129158,60158],{"class":521},[39,129160,562],{"class":517},[39,129162,8059],{"class":53},[39,129164,129165,129167,129169,129171,129174,129176],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129166,7785],{"class":136},[39,129168,124],{"class":53},[39,129170,562],{"class":517},[39,129172,129173],{"class":521},"Found",[39,129175,562],{"class":517},[39,129177,130],{"class":53},[39,129179,129180,129182],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129181,27142],{"class":3584},[39,129183,6107],{"class":53},[39,129185,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,129187,7785],{"class":136},[39,129189,124],{"class":53},[39,129191,562],{"class":517},[39,129193,26023],{"class":521},[39,129195,562],{"class":517},[39,129197,130],{"class":53},[20,129199,99631],{},[30,129201,129203],{"className":32,"code":129202,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Not found\n",[15,129204,129205],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129206,129207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129208,129202],{"class":45},[20,129210,45419,129211,129214,129215,16781,129217,129219,129220,129222],{},[15,129212,129213],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129216,1826],{},[15,129218,1826],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129221,6710],{}," statement.",[20,129224,129225],{},"A safer version is:",[30,129227,129229],{"className":32,"code":129228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129230,129231,129243,129247,129276,129290,129296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129232,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129234,34398],{"class":45},[39,129236,50],{"class":49},[39,129238,572],{"class":517},[39,129240,3552],{"class":521},[39,129242,3062],{"class":517},[39,129244,129245],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129246,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,129248,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129270,129272,129274],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129250,6710],{"class":3584},[39,129252,42557],{"class":45},[39,129254,117],{"class":53},[39,129256,127981],{"class":120},[39,129258,124],{"class":53},[39,129260,562],{"class":517},[39,129262,60158],{"class":521},[39,129264,562],{"class":517},[39,129266,3366],{"class":53},[39,129268,129269],{"class":49}," !=",[39,129271,1929],{"class":49},[39,129273,58],{"class":57},[39,129275,6107],{"class":53},[39,129277,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286,129288],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129279,7785],{"class":136},[39,129281,124],{"class":53},[39,129283,562],{"class":517},[39,129285,129173],{"class":521},[39,129287,562],{"class":517},[39,129289,130],{"class":53},[39,129291,129292,129294],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129293,27142],{"class":3584},[39,129295,6107],{"class":53},[39,129297,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,129299,7785],{"class":136},[39,129301,124],{"class":53},[39,129303,562],{"class":517},[39,129305,26023],{"class":521},[39,129307,562],{"class":517},[39,129309,130],{"class":53},[20,129311,129312],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[30,129314,129316],{"className":32,"code":129315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129317,129318,129340,129354,129380,129394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129319,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129321,137],{"class":136},[39,129323,124],{"class":53},[39,129325,34419],{"class":120},[39,129327,117],{"class":53},[39,129329,127981],{"class":120},[39,129331,124],{"class":53},[39,129333,524],{"class":517},[39,129335,38104],{"class":521},[39,129337,524],{"class":517},[39,129339,486],{"class":53},[39,129341,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350,129352],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129343,137],{"class":136},[39,129345,124],{"class":53},[39,129347,41494],{"class":136},[39,129349,124],{"class":53},[39,129351,34419],{"class":120},[39,129353,486],{"class":53},[39,129355,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129357,137],{"class":136},[39,129359,124],{"class":53},[39,129361,34419],{"class":120},[39,129363,117],{"class":53},[39,129365,8358],{"class":120},[39,129367,8355],{"class":53},[39,129369,127981],{"class":120},[39,129371,124],{"class":53},[39,129373,524],{"class":517},[39,129375,38104],{"class":521},[39,129377,524],{"class":517},[39,129379,486],{"class":53},[39,129381,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129383,137],{"class":136},[39,129385,124],{"class":53},[39,129387,1361],{"class":136},[39,129389,124],{"class":53},[39,129391,34419],{"class":120},[39,129393,486],{"class":53},[39,129395,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129397,137],{"class":136},[39,129399,124],{"class":53},[39,129401,34419],{"class":120},[39,129403,117],{"class":53},[39,129405,127981],{"class":120},[39,129407,124],{"class":53},[39,129409,524],{"class":517},[39,129411,38104],{"class":521},[39,129413,524],{"class":517},[39,129415,61],{"class":53},[39,129417,35764],{"class":120},[39,129419,61],{"class":53},[39,129421,64761],{"class":120},[39,129423,486],{"class":53},[20,129425,129426],{},"These help you check:",[176,129428,129429,129434,129439,129444,129447],{},[179,129430,129431,129432],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129433,123951],{},[179,129435,129436,129437],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129438,122170],{},[179,129440,129441,129442],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129443,123686],{},[179,129445,129446],{},"The string length",[179,129448,129449,129450,4104,129452,129454],{},"Whether your ",[15,129451,35785],{},[15,129453,52379],{}," values are correct",[160,129456,1563],{"id":1562},[988,129458,129460,129461,129463],{"id":129459},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129462,123951],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129465,4859,129466,117],{},[15,129467,65575],{},[988,129469,1567,129471,129473],{"id":129470},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129472,123951],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129475,129476],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[988,129478,129480,129481,124292],{"id":129479},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129482,123951],{},[20,129484,129485],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[988,129487,4890,129489,4104,129491,69376],{"id":129488},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129490,123951],{},[15,129492,58687],{},[20,129494,129495,2104,129497,129499,129500,52213,129502,117],{},[15,129496,123951],{},[15,129498,65575],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129501,58687],{},[15,129503,40418],{},[988,129505,28037,129507,129509],{"id":129506},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129508,123951],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129511,129512,129513,4104,129515,65874],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129514,35785],{},[15,129516,52379],{},[160,129518,1613],{"id":1612},[176,129520,129521,129527,129533,129540,129546,129553,129557,129562],{},[179,129522,129523],{},[195,129524,125956,129525,1627],{"href":123976},[15,129526,58687],{},[179,129528,129529],{},[195,129530,125956,129531,1627],{"href":128643},[15,129532,60251],{},[179,129534,129535],{},[195,129536,125956,129538,1627],{"href":129537},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129539,124127],{},[179,129541,129542],{},[195,129543,125956,129544,1627],{"href":127321},[15,129545,127324],{},[179,129547,129548],{},[195,129549,125956,129551,1627],{"href":129550},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129552,126014],{},[179,129554,129555],{},[195,129556,124355],{"href":123211},[179,129558,129559],{},[195,129560,129561],{"href":128639},"How to split a string in Python",[179,129563,129564],{},[195,129565,25830,129566],{"href":73203},[15,129567,128927],{},[1642,129569,129570],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":129572},[129573,129575,129578,129579,129580,129581,129583,129584,129585,129597],{"id":128057,"depth":75,"text":129574},"What find() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":129576},[129577],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733},{"id":65127,"depth":75,"text":65910},{"id":123602,"depth":75,"text":123603},{"id":128784,"depth":75,"text":129582},"find() vs index()",{"id":40759,"depth":75,"text":40760},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":129586},[129587,129589,129591,129593,129595],{"id":129459,"depth":99,"text":129588},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129470,"depth":99,"text":129590},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129479,"depth":99,"text":129592},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129488,"depth":99,"text":129594},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129506,"depth":99,"text":129596},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127929,"description":129598},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129605,"title":129606,"body":129607,"description":131533,"extension":1670,"meta":131534,"navigation":102,"path":131535,"seo":131536,"stem":131537,"__hash__":131538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129608,"toc":131501},[129609,129614,129619,129622,129624,129700,129704,129732,129740,129744,129749,129753,129770,129772,129839,129843,129865,129873,129875,129878,129902,129905,129919,129921,130006,130010,130022,130025,130029,130035,130085,130089,130106,130115,130118,130126,130129,130178,130182,130207,130210,130265,130269,130281,130287,130291,130297,130302,130369,130373,130399,130402,130413,130415,130482,130486,130511,130518,130522,130527,130534,130542,130544,130596,130600,130618,130620,130665,130669,130684,130687,130697,130704,130706,130710,130713,130724,130726,130786,130790,130818,130821,130827,130832,130835,130839,130883,130886,130924,130927,130935,130937,130942,130946,130949,130997,131000,131003,131059,131063,131068,131071,131120,131122,131171,131177,131182,131184,131231,131235,131248,131250,131301,131307,131310,131314,131317,131323,131328,131330,131333,131405,131408,131425,131427,131432,131435,131439,131445,131451,131458,131464,131470,131472,131498],[10,129610,122956,129612,18],{"id":129611},"python-string-format-method",[15,129613,125959],{},[20,129615,122961,129616,129618],{},[15,129617,125959],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129620,129621],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[160,129623,1711],{"id":1710},[30,129625,129627],{"className":32,"code":129626,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129628,129629,129641,129649,129653,129690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129630,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129632,7592],{"class":45},[39,129634,50],{"class":49},[39,129636,572],{"class":517},[39,129638,11221],{"class":521},[39,129640,3062],{"class":517},[39,129642,129643,129645,129647],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129644,21336],{"class":45},[39,129646,50],{"class":49},[39,129648,88518],{"class":57},[39,129650,129651],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129652,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,129654,129655,129657,129659,129661,129664,129666,129669,129671,129673,129675,129677,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129656,89726],{"class":45},[39,129658,50],{"class":49},[39,129660,572],{"class":517},[39,129662,129663],{"class":521},"My name is ",[39,129665,3498],{"class":57},[39,129667,129668],{"class":521}," and I am ",[39,129670,3498],{"class":57},[39,129672,121952],{"class":521},[39,129674,562],{"class":517},[39,129676,117],{"class":53},[39,129678,129679],{"class":120},"format",[39,129681,124],{"class":53},[39,129683,7382],{"class":120},[39,129685,61],{"class":53},[39,129687,8906],{"class":120},[39,129689,130],{"class":53},[39,129691,129692,129694,129696,129698],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129693,137],{"class":136},[39,129695,124],{"class":53},[39,129697,89743],{"class":120},[39,129699,130],{"class":53},[20,129701,129702],{},[382,129703,353],{},[30,129705,129707],{"className":32,"code":129706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129708,129709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129710,129711,129714,129716,129719,129722,129725,129728,129730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129712,129713],{"class":45},"My name ",[39,129715,11906],{"class":49},[39,129717,129718],{"class":45}," Maya ",[39,129720,129721],{"class":49},"and",[39,129723,129724],{"class":45}," I am ",[39,129726,129727],{"class":57},"12",[39,129729,121985],{"class":45},[39,129731,121988],{"class":53},[20,129733,154,129734,129736,129737,129739],{},[15,129735,3498],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129738,125959],{}," in the same order.",[20,129741,124708,129742,117],{},[195,129743,124711],{"href":50693},[160,129745,163,129747,166],{"id":129746},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129748,125959],{},[20,129750,22,129751,11126],{},[15,129752,125959],{},[176,129754,129755,129758,129764,129767],{},[179,129756,129757],{},"inserts values into a string",[179,129759,129760,129761,129763],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129762,3498],{}," with given values",[179,129765,129766],{},"returns a new string",[179,129768,129769],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129771,267],{},[30,129773,129775],{"className":32,"code":129774,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129776,129777,129791,129814,129818,129829],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129778,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129789],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129780,34398],{"class":45},[39,129782,50],{"class":49},[39,129784,572],{"class":517},[39,129786,44617],{"class":521},[39,129788,3498],{"class":57},[39,129790,3062],{"class":517},[39,129792,129793,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129812],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129794,129795],{"class":45},"new_text ",[39,129797,50],{"class":49},[39,129799,42557],{"class":45},[39,129801,117],{"class":53},[39,129803,129679],{"class":120},[39,129805,124],{"class":53},[39,129807,562],{"class":517},[39,129809,7391],{"class":521},[39,129811,562],{"class":517},[39,129813,130],{"class":53},[39,129815,129816],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129817,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,129819,129820,129822,129824,129827],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129821,137],{"class":136},[39,129823,124],{"class":53},[39,129825,129826],{"class":120},"new_text",[39,129828,130],{"class":53},[39,129830,129831,129833,129835,129837],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129832,137],{"class":136},[39,129834,124],{"class":53},[39,129836,34419],{"class":120},[39,129838,130],{"class":53},[20,129840,129841],{},[382,129842,353],{},[30,129844,129846],{"className":32,"code":129845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129847,129848,129857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129849,129850,129852,129854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129851,34578],{"class":45},[39,129853,61],{"class":53},[39,129855,129856],{"class":45}," Sam\n",[39,129858,129859,129861,129863],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129860,34578],{"class":45},[39,129862,61],{"class":53},[39,129864,9553],{"class":53},[20,129866,1992,129867,129869,129870,129872],{},[15,129868,34419],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129871,125959],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[160,129874,202],{"id":201},[20,129876,129877],{},"The general form is:",[30,129879,129881],{"className":32,"code":129880,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129882,129883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129884,129885,129887,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129886,562],{"class":43044},[39,129888,129889],{"class":43048},"text {}",[39,129891,562],{"class":43044},[39,129893,117],{"class":53},[39,129895,129679],{"class":120},[39,129897,124],{"class":53},[39,129899,2179],{"class":120},[39,129901,130],{"class":53},[20,129903,129904],{},"Key idea:",[176,129906,129907,129913,129916],{},[179,129908,129909,129910,129912],{},"each ",[15,129911,3498],{}," is a placeholder",[179,129914,129915],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[179,129917,129918],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129920,267],{},[30,129922,129924],{"className":32,"code":129923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129925,129926,129939,129953,129957,129995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129927,129928,129931,129933,129935,129937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129929,129930],{"class":45},"animal ",[39,129932,50],{"class":49},[39,129934,572],{"class":517},[39,129936,36761],{"class":521},[39,129938,3062],{"class":517},[39,129940,129941,129944,129946,129948,129951],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,129942,129943],{"class":45},"sound ",[39,129945,50],{"class":49},[39,129947,572],{"class":517},[39,129949,129950],{"class":521},"meow",[39,129952,3062],{"class":517},[39,129954,129955],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,129956,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,129958,129959,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129973,129975,129977,129979,129981,129983,129985,129988,129990,129993],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,129960,129961],{"class":45},"sentence ",[39,129963,50],{"class":49},[39,129965,572],{"class":517},[39,129967,22],{"class":521},[39,129969,3498],{"class":57},[39,129971,129972],{"class":521}," says ",[39,129974,3498],{"class":57},[39,129976,117],{"class":521},[39,129978,562],{"class":517},[39,129980,117],{"class":53},[39,129982,129679],{"class":120},[39,129984,124],{"class":53},[39,129986,129987],{"class":120},"animal",[39,129989,61],{"class":53},[39,129991,129992],{"class":120}," sound",[39,129994,130],{"class":53},[39,129996,129997,129999,130001,130004],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,129998,137],{"class":136},[39,130000,124],{"class":53},[39,130002,130003],{"class":120},"sentence",[39,130005,130],{"class":53},[20,130007,130008],{},[382,130009,353],{},[30,130011,130013],{"className":32,"code":130012,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130014,130015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130016,130017,130020],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130018,130019],{"class":45},"The cat says meow",[39,130021,121988],{"class":53},[20,130023,130024],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[160,130026,130028],{"id":130027},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130030,130031,130032,130034],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130033,3498],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[30,130036,130038],{"className":32,"code":130037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130039,130040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130041,130042,130044,130046,130048,130051,130053,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063,130065,130067,130069,130072,130074,130076,130078,130081,130083],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130043,137],{"class":136},[39,130045,124],{"class":53},[39,130047,562],{"class":517},[39,130049,130050],{"class":521},"I like ",[39,130052,3498],{"class":57},[39,130054,4104],{"class":521},[39,130056,3498],{"class":57},[39,130058,117],{"class":521},[39,130060,562],{"class":517},[39,130062,117],{"class":53},[39,130064,129679],{"class":120},[39,130066,124],{"class":53},[39,130068,562],{"class":517},[39,130070,130071],{"class":521},"pizza",[39,130073,562],{"class":517},[39,130075,61],{"class":53},[39,130077,572],{"class":517},[39,130079,130080],{"class":521},"pasta",[39,130082,562],{"class":517},[39,130084,486],{"class":53},[20,130086,130087],{},[382,130088,353],{},[30,130090,130092],{"className":32,"code":130091,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130093,130094],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130095,130096,130099,130101,130104],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130097,130098],{"class":45},"I like pizza ",[39,130100,129721],{"class":49},[39,130102,130103],{"class":45}," pasta",[39,130105,121988],{"class":53},[20,130107,130108,130109,4104,130112,117],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130110,130111],{},"{0}",[15,130113,130114],{},"{1}",[20,130116,130117],{},"This is helpful when:",[176,130119,130120,130123],{},[179,130121,130122],{},"you want to reuse a value",[179,130124,130125],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130127,130128],{},"Example with reused values:",[30,130130,130132],{"className":32,"code":130131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130133,130134,130168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130135,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130149,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164,130166],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130137,34398],{"class":45},[39,130139,50],{"class":49},[39,130141,572],{"class":517},[39,130143,130111],{"class":57},[39,130145,130146],{"class":521}," is learning Python. ",[39,130148,130111],{"class":57},[39,130150,130151],{"class":521}," likes coding.",[39,130153,562],{"class":517},[39,130155,117],{"class":53},[39,130157,129679],{"class":120},[39,130159,124],{"class":53},[39,130161,562],{"class":517},[39,130163,19589],{"class":521},[39,130165,562],{"class":517},[39,130167,130],{"class":53},[39,130169,130170,130172,130174,130176],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130171,137],{"class":136},[39,130173,124],{"class":53},[39,130175,34419],{"class":120},[39,130177,130],{"class":53},[20,130179,130180],{},[382,130181,353],{},[30,130183,130185],{"className":32,"code":130184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130186,130187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130188,130189,130192,130194,130197,130199,130202,130205],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130190,130191],{"class":45},"Lina ",[39,130193,11906],{"class":49},[39,130195,130196],{"class":45}," learning Python",[39,130198,117],{"class":53},[39,130200,130201],{"class":24457}," Lina",[39,130203,130204],{"class":45}," likes coding",[39,130206,121988],{"class":53},[20,130208,130209],{},"Example with changed order:",[30,130211,130213],{"className":32,"code":130212,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130214,130215,130255],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130216,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241,130243,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130218,34398],{"class":45},[39,130220,50],{"class":49},[39,130222,572],{"class":517},[39,130224,130114],{"class":57},[39,130226,83046],{"class":521},[39,130228,130111],{"class":57},[39,130230,117],{"class":521},[39,130232,562],{"class":517},[39,130234,117],{"class":53},[39,130236,129679],{"class":120},[39,130238,124],{"class":53},[39,130240,562],{"class":517},[39,130242,6297],{"class":521},[39,130244,562],{"class":517},[39,130246,61],{"class":53},[39,130248,572],{"class":517},[39,130250,78992],{"class":521},[39,130252,562],{"class":517},[39,130254,130],{"class":53},[39,130256,130257,130259,130261,130263],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130258,137],{"class":136},[39,130260,124],{"class":53},[39,130262,34419],{"class":120},[39,130264,130],{"class":53},[20,130266,130267],{},[382,130268,353],{},[30,130270,130272],{"className":32,"code":130271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130273,130274],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130275,130276,130279],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130277,130278],{"class":45},"two comes after one",[39,130280,121988],{"class":53},[20,130282,130283,130284,130286],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130285,3498],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[160,130288,130290],{"id":130289},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130292,130293,130294,117],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130295,130296],{},"{name}",[20,130298,130299,130300,1250],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130301,125959],{},[30,130303,130305],{"className":32,"code":130304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130306,130307,130359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130308,130309,130311,130313,130315,130317,130319,130322,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349,130351,130353,130355,130357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130310,34398],{"class":45},[39,130312,50],{"class":49},[39,130314,572],{"class":517},[39,130316,129663],{"class":521},[39,130318,130296],{"class":57},[39,130320,130321],{"class":521}," and I live in ",[39,130323,130324],{"class":57},"{city}",[39,130326,117],{"class":521},[39,130328,562],{"class":517},[39,130330,117],{"class":53},[39,130332,129679],{"class":120},[39,130334,124],{"class":53},[39,130336,7382],{"class":8893},[39,130338,50],{"class":49},[39,130340,562],{"class":517},[39,130342,12593],{"class":521},[39,130344,562],{"class":517},[39,130346,61],{"class":53},[39,130348,31093],{"class":8893},[39,130350,50],{"class":49},[39,130352,562],{"class":517},[39,130354,15740],{"class":521},[39,130356,562],{"class":517},[39,130358,130],{"class":53},[39,130360,130361,130363,130365,130367],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130362,137],{"class":136},[39,130364,124],{"class":53},[39,130366,34419],{"class":120},[39,130368,130],{"class":53},[20,130370,130371],{},[382,130372,353],{},[30,130374,130376],{"className":32,"code":130375,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130377,130378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130379,130380,130382,130384,130387,130389,130392,130394,130397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130381,129713],{"class":45},[39,130383,11906],{"class":49},[39,130385,130386],{"class":45}," Ana ",[39,130388,129721],{"class":49},[39,130390,130391],{"class":45}," I live ",[39,130393,3591],{"class":49},[39,130395,130396],{"class":45}," Lima",[39,130398,121988],{"class":53},[20,130400,130401],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[176,130403,130404,130407,130410],{},[179,130405,130406],{},"they make code easier to read",[179,130408,130409],{},"they help when a string has many values",[179,130411,130412],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130414,267],{},[30,130416,130418],{"className":32,"code":130417,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130419,130420,130472],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130421,130422,130425,130427,130429,130432,130435,130438,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130458,130460,130462,130465,130467,130470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130423,130424],{"class":45},"report ",[39,130426,50],{"class":49},[39,130428,572],{"class":517},[39,130430,130431],{"class":521},"Student: ",[39,130433,130434],{"class":57},"{student}",[39,130436,130437],{"class":521},", Score: ",[39,130439,130440],{"class":57},"{score}",[39,130442,562],{"class":517},[39,130444,117],{"class":53},[39,130446,129679],{"class":120},[39,130448,124],{"class":53},[39,130450,13335],{"class":8893},[39,130452,50],{"class":49},[39,130454,562],{"class":517},[39,130456,130457],{"class":521},"Noah",[39,130459,562],{"class":517},[39,130461,61],{"class":53},[39,130463,130464],{"class":8893}," score",[39,130466,50],{"class":49},[39,130468,130469],{"class":57},"95",[39,130471,130],{"class":53},[39,130473,130474,130476,130478,130480],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130475,137],{"class":136},[39,130477,124],{"class":53},[39,130479,127669],{"class":120},[39,130481,130],{"class":53},[20,130483,130484],{},[382,130485,353],{},[30,130487,130489],{"className":32,"code":130488,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130490,130491],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130492,130493,130496,130498,130501,130503,130506,130508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130494,130495],{"class":45},"Student",[39,130497,1250],{"class":53},[39,130499,130500],{"class":45}," Noah",[39,130502,61],{"class":53},[39,130504,130505],{"class":45}," Score",[39,130507,1250],{"class":53},[39,130509,130510],{"class":57}," 95\n",[20,130512,130513,130514,117],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[195,130515,13,130516,3213],{"href":41890},[15,130517,47400],{},[160,130519,130521],{"id":130520},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130523,130524,130526],{},[15,130525,125959],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130528,130529,130530,130533],{},"A common example is ",[15,130531,130532],{},":.2f",", which means:",[176,130535,130536,130539],{},[179,130537,130538],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[179,130540,130541],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130543,267],{},[30,130545,130547],{"className":32,"code":130546,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130548,130549,130557,130586],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130550,130551,130553,130555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130552,40101],{"class":45},[39,130554,50],{"class":49},[39,130556,48993],{"class":57},[39,130558,130559,130561,130563,130565,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130560,34398],{"class":45},[39,130562,50],{"class":49},[39,130564,572],{"class":517},[39,130566,130567],{"class":521},"Price: $",[39,130569,363],{"class":57},[39,130571,130532],{"class":513},[39,130573,22010],{"class":57},[39,130575,562],{"class":517},[39,130577,117],{"class":53},[39,130579,129679],{"class":120},[39,130581,124],{"class":53},[39,130583,24857],{"class":120},[39,130585,130],{"class":53},[39,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,130589,137],{"class":136},[39,130591,124],{"class":53},[39,130593,34419],{"class":120},[39,130595,130],{"class":53},[20,130597,130598],{},[382,130599,353],{},[30,130601,130603],{"className":32,"code":130602,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130604,130605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130606,130607,130610,130612,130615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130608,130609],{"class":45},"Price",[39,130611,1250],{"class":53},[39,130613,130614],{"class":37080}," $",[39,130616,130617],{"class":57},"3.50\n",[20,130619,51798],{},[30,130621,130623],{"className":32,"code":130622,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130624,130625,130635],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130626,130627,130630,130632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130628,130629],{"class":45},"average ",[39,130631,50],{"class":49},[39,130633,130634],{"class":57}," 91.236\n",[39,130636,130637,130639,130641,130643,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130663],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130638,137],{"class":136},[39,130640,124],{"class":53},[39,130642,562],{"class":517},[39,130644,130645],{"class":521},"Average: ",[39,130647,363],{"class":57},[39,130649,130532],{"class":513},[39,130651,22010],{"class":57},[39,130653,562],{"class":517},[39,130655,117],{"class":53},[39,130657,129679],{"class":120},[39,130659,124],{"class":53},[39,130661,130662],{"class":120},"average",[39,130664,486],{"class":53},[20,130666,130667],{},[382,130668,353],{},[30,130670,130672],{"className":32,"code":130671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130673,130674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130675,130676,130679,130681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130677,130678],{"class":45},"Average",[39,130680,1250],{"class":53},[39,130682,130683],{"class":57}," 91.24\n",[20,130685,130686],{},"This is useful for:",[176,130688,130689,130691,130694],{},[179,130690,82805],{},[179,130692,130693],{},"averages",[179,130695,130696],{},"percentages",[20,130698,130699,130700,117],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[195,130701,13,130702,2009],{"href":46165},[15,130703,46168],{},[160,130705,375],{"id":374},[20,130707,130708,92240],{},[15,130709,125959],{},[20,130711,130712],{},"That means you can:",[176,130714,130715,130718,130721],{},[179,130716,130717],{},"save it in a variable",[179,130719,130720],{},"print it directly",[179,130722,130723],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130725,267],{},[30,130727,130729],{"className":32,"code":130728,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130730,130731,130762,130772],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130732,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130755,130758,130760],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130734,89726],{"class":45},[39,130736,50],{"class":49},[39,130738,572],{"class":517},[39,130740,44617],{"class":521},[39,130742,3498],{"class":57},[39,130744,89567],{"class":521},[39,130746,562],{"class":517},[39,130748,117],{"class":53},[39,130750,129679],{"class":120},[39,130752,124],{"class":53},[39,130754,562],{"class":517},[39,130756,130757],{"class":521},"Chris",[39,130759,562],{"class":517},[39,130761,130],{"class":53},[39,130763,130764,130766,130768,130770],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130765,137],{"class":136},[39,130767,124],{"class":53},[39,130769,89743],{"class":120},[39,130771,130],{"class":53},[39,130773,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,130775,137],{"class":136},[39,130777,124],{"class":53},[39,130779,479],{"class":478},[39,130781,124],{"class":53},[39,130783,89743],{"class":120},[39,130785,486],{"class":53},[20,130787,130788],{},[382,130789,353],{},[30,130791,130793],{"className":32,"code":130792,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130794,130795,130804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130796,130797,130799,130801],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130798,34578],{"class":45},[39,130800,61],{"class":53},[39,130802,130803],{"class":45}," Chris!\n",[39,130805,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130807,510],{"class":49},[39,130809,514],{"class":513},[39,130811,518],{"class":517},[39,130813,3147],{"class":521},[39,130815,524],{"class":517},[39,130817,527],{"class":49},[20,130819,130820],{},"The original string is not changed.",[160,130822,130824,130826],{"id":130823},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130825,125959],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130828,130829,130831],{},[15,130830,125959],{}," is a string method.",[20,130833,130834],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130836,45756,130837,1250],{},[15,130838,125959],{},[30,130840,130842],{"className":32,"code":130841,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130843,130844,130857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130845,130846,130848,130850,130852,130855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130847,7592],{"class":45},[39,130849,50],{"class":49},[39,130851,572],{"class":517},[39,130853,130854],{"class":521},"Rita",[39,130856,3062],{"class":517},[39,130858,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130879,130881],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130860,137],{"class":136},[39,130862,124],{"class":53},[39,130864,562],{"class":517},[39,130866,44617],{"class":521},[39,130868,3498],{"class":57},[39,130870,89567],{"class":521},[39,130872,562],{"class":517},[39,130874,117],{"class":53},[39,130876,129679],{"class":120},[39,130878,124],{"class":53},[39,130880,7382],{"class":120},[39,130882,486],{"class":53},[20,130884,130885],{},"Example with an f-string:",[30,130887,130889],{"className":32,"code":130888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130890,130891,130903],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130894,7592],{"class":45},[39,130896,50],{"class":49},[39,130898,572],{"class":517},[39,130900,130854],{"class":521},[39,130902,3062],{"class":517},[39,130904,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130922],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130906,137],{"class":136},[39,130908,124],{"class":53},[39,130910,22001],{"class":513},[39,130912,43062],{"class":521},[39,130914,363],{"class":57},[39,130916,7382],{"class":120},[39,130918,22010],{"class":57},[39,130920,130921],{"class":521},"!\"",[39,130923,130],{"class":53},[20,130925,130926],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130928,130929,130930,130932,130933,117],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130931,125959],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[195,130934,89412],{"href":89411},[160,130936,2537],{"id":2536},[20,130938,130939,130940,117],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130941,125959],{},[988,130943,130945],{"id":130944},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130947,130948],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[30,130950,130952],{"className":32,"code":130951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130953,130954,130987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130955,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130969,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983,130985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130957,34398],{"class":45},[39,130959,50],{"class":49},[39,130961,572],{"class":517},[39,130963,44617],{"class":521},[39,130965,3498],{"class":57},[39,130967,130968],{"class":57}," {}",[39,130970,89567],{"class":521},[39,130972,562],{"class":517},[39,130974,117],{"class":53},[39,130976,129679],{"class":120},[39,130978,124],{"class":53},[39,130980,562],{"class":517},[39,130982,7391],{"class":521},[39,130984,562],{"class":517},[39,130986,130],{"class":53},[39,130988,130989,130991,130993,130995],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,130990,137],{"class":136},[39,130992,124],{"class":53},[39,130994,34419],{"class":120},[39,130996,130],{"class":53},[20,130998,130999],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131001,131002],{},"Fixed version:",[30,131004,131006],{"className":32,"code":131005,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131007,131008,131049],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131009,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042,131045,131047],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131011,34398],{"class":45},[39,131013,50],{"class":49},[39,131015,572],{"class":517},[39,131017,44617],{"class":521},[39,131019,3498],{"class":57},[39,131021,130968],{"class":57},[39,131023,89567],{"class":521},[39,131025,562],{"class":517},[39,131027,117],{"class":53},[39,131029,129679],{"class":120},[39,131031,124],{"class":53},[39,131033,562],{"class":517},[39,131035,7391],{"class":521},[39,131037,562],{"class":517},[39,131039,61],{"class":53},[39,131041,572],{"class":517},[39,131043,131044],{"class":521},"Lee",[39,131046,562],{"class":517},[39,131048,130],{"class":53},[39,131050,131051,131053,131055,131057],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131052,137],{"class":136},[39,131054,124],{"class":53},[39,131056,34419],{"class":120},[39,131058,130],{"class":53},[988,131060,131062],{"id":131061},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131064,131065,131066,117],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131067,125959],{},[20,131069,131070],{},"Problem:",[30,131072,131074],{"className":32,"code":131073,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131075,131076,131110],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131077,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131079,34398],{"class":45},[39,131081,50],{"class":49},[39,131083,572],{"class":517},[39,131085,44617],{"class":521},[39,131087,130296],{"class":57},[39,131089,89567],{"class":521},[39,131091,562],{"class":517},[39,131093,117],{"class":53},[39,131095,129679],{"class":120},[39,131097,124],{"class":53},[39,131099,7701],{"class":8893},[39,131101,50],{"class":49},[39,131103,562],{"class":517},[39,131105,7391],{"class":521},[39,131107,562],{"class":517},[39,131109,130],{"class":53},[39,131111,131112,131114,131116,131118],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131113,137],{"class":136},[39,131115,124],{"class":53},[39,131117,34419],{"class":120},[39,131119,130],{"class":53},[20,131121,131002],{},[30,131123,131125],{"className":32,"code":131124,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131126,131127,131161],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131128,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131130,34398],{"class":45},[39,131132,50],{"class":49},[39,131134,572],{"class":517},[39,131136,44617],{"class":521},[39,131138,130296],{"class":57},[39,131140,89567],{"class":521},[39,131142,562],{"class":517},[39,131144,117],{"class":53},[39,131146,129679],{"class":120},[39,131148,124],{"class":53},[39,131150,7382],{"class":8893},[39,131152,50],{"class":49},[39,131154,562],{"class":517},[39,131156,7391],{"class":521},[39,131158,562],{"class":517},[39,131160,130],{"class":53},[39,131162,131163,131165,131167,131169],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131164,137],{"class":136},[39,131166,124],{"class":53},[39,131168,34419],{"class":120},[39,131170,130],{"class":53},[988,131172,8170,131174,131176],{"id":131173},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131175,125959],{}," to change the original string",[20,131178,131179,131181],{},[15,131180,125959],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131183,131070],{},[30,131185,131187],{"className":32,"code":131186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131188,131189,131203,131221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131190,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131192,34398],{"class":45},[39,131194,50],{"class":49},[39,131196,572],{"class":517},[39,131198,44617],{"class":521},[39,131200,3498],{"class":57},[39,131202,3062],{"class":517},[39,131204,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131206,34419],{"class":45},[39,131208,117],{"class":53},[39,131210,129679],{"class":120},[39,131212,124],{"class":53},[39,131214,562],{"class":517},[39,131216,7391],{"class":521},[39,131218,562],{"class":517},[39,131220,130],{"class":53},[39,131222,131223,131225,131227,131229],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131224,137],{"class":136},[39,131226,124],{"class":53},[39,131228,34419],{"class":120},[39,131230,130],{"class":53},[20,131232,131233],{},[382,131234,353],{},[30,131236,131238],{"className":32,"code":131237,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131239,131240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131241,131242,131244,131246],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131243,34578],{"class":45},[39,131245,61],{"class":53},[39,131247,9553],{"class":53},[20,131249,131002],{},[30,131251,131253],{"className":32,"code":131252,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131254,131255,131269,131291],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131256,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131258,34398],{"class":45},[39,131260,50],{"class":49},[39,131262,572],{"class":517},[39,131264,44617],{"class":521},[39,131266,3498],{"class":57},[39,131268,3062],{"class":517},[39,131270,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131272,34398],{"class":45},[39,131274,50],{"class":49},[39,131276,42557],{"class":45},[39,131278,117],{"class":53},[39,131280,129679],{"class":120},[39,131282,124],{"class":53},[39,131284,562],{"class":517},[39,131286,7391],{"class":521},[39,131288,562],{"class":517},[39,131290,130],{"class":53},[39,131292,131293,131295,131297,131299],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131294,137],{"class":136},[39,131296,124],{"class":53},[39,131298,34419],{"class":120},[39,131300,130],{"class":53},[988,131302,4414,131304,131306],{"id":131303},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131305,125959],{}," returns a new string",[20,131308,131309],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[988,131311,131313],{"id":131312},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131315,131316],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131318,131319,131320,131322],{},"Use simple ",[15,131321,3498],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131324,131325,131326,117],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[195,131327,90125],{"href":90124},[160,131329,67616],{"id":67615},[20,131331,131332],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[30,131334,131336],{"className":32,"code":131335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131337,131338,131348,131362,131391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131339,131340,131342,131344,131346],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131341,137],{"class":136},[39,131343,124],{"class":53},[39,131345,34419],{"class":120},[39,131347,130],{"class":53},[39,131349,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131351,137],{"class":136},[39,131353,124],{"class":53},[39,131355,479],{"class":478},[39,131357,124],{"class":53},[39,131359,2179],{"class":120},[39,131361,486],{"class":53},[39,131363,131364,131366,131368,131370,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131365,137],{"class":136},[39,131367,124],{"class":53},[39,131369,562],{"class":517},[39,131371,131372],{"class":521},"Hello ",[39,131374,3498],{"class":57},[39,131376,562],{"class":517},[39,131378,117],{"class":53},[39,131380,129679],{"class":120},[39,131382,124],{"class":53},[39,131384,562],{"class":517},[39,131386,7391],{"class":521},[39,131388,562],{"class":517},[39,131390,486],{"class":53},[39,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,131394,31861],{"class":136},[39,131396,124],{"class":53},[39,131398,3147],{"class":478},[39,131400,117],{"class":53},[39,131402,129679],{"class":24457},[39,131404,130],{"class":53},[20,131406,131407],{},"Use them to check:",[176,131409,131410,131413,131416,131419],{},[179,131411,131412],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[179,131414,131415],{},"what type your value has",[179,131417,131418],{},"whether a small test example works",[179,131420,131421,131422],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131423,131424],{},"str.format",[160,131426,1563],{"id":1562},[988,131428,129460,131430,12428],{"id":131429},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131431,125959],{},[20,131433,131434],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[988,131436,131438],{"id":131437},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131440,131441,131442,131444],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131443,3498],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[988,131446,131448,131449,2199],{"id":131447},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131450,125959],{},[20,131452,131453,131454,131457],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131455,131456],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[988,131459,14612,131461,131463],{"id":131460},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131462,125959],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131465,131466,131467,131469],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131468,125959],{}," is still useful and common.",[160,131471,1613],{"id":1612},[176,131473,131474,131478,131482,131488,131494],{},[179,131475,131476],{},[195,131477,124711],{"href":50693},[179,131479,131480],{},[195,131481,90402],{"href":89411},[179,131483,131484],{},[195,131485,13,131486,3213],{"href":46165},[15,131487,46168],{},[179,131489,131490],{},[195,131491,13,131492,3213],{"href":41890},[15,131493,47400],{},[179,131495,131496],{},[195,131497,90125],{"href":90124},[1642,131499,131500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":131502},[131503,131504,131506,131507,131508,131509,131510,131511,131513,131522,131523,131532],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":129746,"depth":75,"text":131505},"What the format() method does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":130027,"depth":75,"text":130028},{"id":130289,"depth":75,"text":130290},{"id":130520,"depth":75,"text":130521},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":130823,"depth":75,"text":131512},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":131514},[131515,131516,131517,131519,131521],{"id":130944,"depth":99,"text":130945},{"id":131061,"depth":99,"text":131062},{"id":131173,"depth":99,"text":131518},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131303,"depth":99,"text":131520},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131312,"depth":99,"text":131313},{"id":67615,"depth":75,"text":67616},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":131524},[131525,131527,131528,131530],{"id":131429,"depth":99,"text":131526},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131437,"depth":99,"text":131438},{"id":131447,"depth":99,"text":131529},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131460,"depth":99,"text":131531},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129606,"description":131533},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131540,"title":131541,"body":131542,"description":133022,"extension":1670,"meta":133023,"navigation":102,"path":133024,"seo":133025,"stem":133026,"__hash__":133027},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131543,"toc":132994},[131544,131549,131554,131559,131561,131623,131630,131636,131641,131643,131659,131661,131732,131734,131748,131751,131801,131803,131805,131832,131835,131850,131853,131894,131897,131942,131949,131998,132000,132008,132010,132028,132030,132123,132131,132172,132177,132184,132190,132197,132200,132204,132305,132307,132329,132333,132386,132389,132392,132398,132405,132407,132446,132448,132466,132476,132483,132566,132569,132576,132583,132590,132594,132602,132648,132652,132661,132726,132731,132736,132747,132749,132754,132781,132783,132886,132889,132909,132911,132916,132919,132923,132927,132934,132943,132949,132952,132958,132960,132962,132991],[10,131545,122956,131547,18],{"id":131546},"python-string-index-method",[15,131548,58687],{},[20,131550,122961,131551,131553],{},[15,131552,58687],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131555,131556,131557,117],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131558,40418],{},[160,131560,1711],{"id":1710},[30,131562,131564],{"className":32,"code":131563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131565,131566,131578,131600,131610,131614,131618],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131567,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131569,34398],{"class":45},[39,131571,50],{"class":49},[39,131573,572],{"class":517},[39,131575,60126],{"class":521},[39,131577,3062],{"class":517},[39,131579,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131581,64640],{"class":45},[39,131583,50],{"class":49},[39,131585,42557],{"class":45},[39,131587,117],{"class":53},[39,131589,35558],{"class":120},[39,131591,124],{"class":53},[39,131593,562],{"class":517},[39,131595,60311],{"class":521},[39,131597,562],{"class":517},[39,131599,130],{"class":53},[39,131601,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131603,137],{"class":136},[39,131605,124],{"class":53},[39,131607,64667],{"class":120},[39,131609,130],{"class":53},[39,131611,131612],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,131613,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,131615,131616],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,131617,90543],{"class":150},[39,131619,131620],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,131621,131622],{"class":150},"# 6\n",[20,131624,154,131625,131627,131628,117],{},[15,131626,58687],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131629,40418],{},[160,131631,3383,131633,3386],{"id":131632},"what-strindex-does",[15,131634,131635],{},"str.index()",[20,131637,131638,131640],{},[15,131639,131635],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131642,174],{},[176,131644,131645,131648,131651,131654],{},[179,131646,131647],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[179,131649,131650],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[179,131652,131653],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[179,131655,30002,131656,131658],{},[15,131657,40418],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131660,267],{},[30,131662,131664],{"className":32,"code":131663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131665,131666,131678,131682,131707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131667,131668,131670,131672,131674,131676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131669,34398],{"class":45},[39,131671,50],{"class":49},[39,131673,572],{"class":517},[39,131675,3798],{"class":521},[39,131677,3062],{"class":517},[39,131679,131680],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131681,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,131683,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131685,137],{"class":136},[39,131687,124],{"class":53},[39,131689,34419],{"class":120},[39,131691,117],{"class":53},[39,131693,35558],{"class":120},[39,131695,124],{"class":53},[39,131697,562],{"class":517},[39,131699,195],{"class":521},[39,131701,562],{"class":517},[39,131703,5073],{"class":53},[39,131705,131706],{"class":150},"     # 1\n",[39,131708,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723,131725,131727,131729],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,131710,137],{"class":136},[39,131712,124],{"class":53},[39,131714,34419],{"class":120},[39,131716,117],{"class":53},[39,131718,35558],{"class":120},[39,131720,124],{"class":53},[39,131722,562],{"class":517},[39,131724,123049],{"class":521},[39,131726,562],{"class":517},[39,131728,5073],{"class":53},[39,131730,131731],{"class":150},"    # 2\n",[20,131733,1885],{},[176,131735,131736,131742],{},[179,131737,131738,128169,131740],{},[15,131739,17802],{},[15,131741,58],{},[179,131743,131744,128169,131746],{},[15,131745,128168],{},[15,131747,85],{},[20,131749,131750],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[30,131752,131754],{"className":32,"code":131753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131755,131756,131768,131772,131796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131757,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131759,34398],{"class":45},[39,131761,50],{"class":49},[39,131763,572],{"class":517},[39,131765,34578],{"class":521},[39,131767,3062],{"class":517},[39,131769,131770],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131771,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,131773,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,131775,137],{"class":136},[39,131777,124],{"class":53},[39,131779,34419],{"class":120},[39,131781,117],{"class":53},[39,131783,35558],{"class":120},[39,131785,124],{"class":53},[39,131787,562],{"class":517},[39,131789,50909],{"class":521},[39,131791,562],{"class":517},[39,131793,5073],{"class":53},[39,131795,20475],{"class":150},[39,131797,131798],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,131799,131800],{"class":150},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[160,131802,202],{"id":201},[20,131804,1866],{},[30,131806,131808],{"className":32,"code":131807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131809,131810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131811,131812,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131813,60894],{"class":45},[39,131815,117],{"class":53},[39,131817,35558],{"class":120},[39,131819,124],{"class":53},[39,131821,2179],{"class":120},[39,131823,61],{"class":53},[39,131825,35764],{"class":120},[39,131827,61],{"class":53},[39,131829,64761],{"class":120},[39,131831,130],{"class":53},[20,131833,131834],{},"Parameters:",[176,131836,131837,131841,131845],{},[179,131838,131839,123148],{},[15,131840,2179],{},[179,131842,131843,128215],{},[15,131844,35785],{},[179,131846,131847,131849],{},[15,131848,52379],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131851,131852],{},"You can use just the value:",[30,131854,131856],{"className":32,"code":131855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131857,131858,131870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131861,34398],{"class":45},[39,131863,50],{"class":49},[39,131865,572],{"class":517},[39,131867,34],{"class":521},[39,131869,3062],{"class":517},[39,131871,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131873,137],{"class":136},[39,131875,124],{"class":53},[39,131877,34419],{"class":120},[39,131879,117],{"class":53},[39,131881,35558],{"class":120},[39,131883,124],{"class":53},[39,131885,562],{"class":517},[39,131887,63007],{"class":521},[39,131889,562],{"class":517},[39,131891,5073],{"class":53},[39,131893,51133],{"class":150},[20,131895,131896],{},"Or include a start position:",[30,131898,131900],{"className":32,"code":131899,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131901,131902,131914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131903,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131905,34398],{"class":45},[39,131907,50],{"class":49},[39,131909,572],{"class":517},[39,131911,3798],{"class":521},[39,131913,3062],{"class":517},[39,131915,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131917,137],{"class":136},[39,131919,124],{"class":53},[39,131921,34419],{"class":120},[39,131923,117],{"class":53},[39,131925,35558],{"class":120},[39,131927,124],{"class":53},[39,131929,562],{"class":517},[39,131931,195],{"class":521},[39,131933,562],{"class":517},[39,131935,61],{"class":53},[39,131937,64],{"class":57},[39,131939,5073],{"class":53},[39,131941,50488],{"class":150},[20,131943,131944,131945,4104,131947,1250],{},"Or include both ",[15,131946,35785],{},[15,131948,52379],{},[30,131950,131952],{"className":32,"code":131951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131953,131954,131966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131957,34398],{"class":45},[39,131959,50],{"class":49},[39,131961,572],{"class":517},[39,131963,3798],{"class":521},[39,131965,3062],{"class":517},[39,131967,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,131969,137],{"class":136},[39,131971,124],{"class":53},[39,131973,34419],{"class":120},[39,131975,117],{"class":53},[39,131977,35558],{"class":120},[39,131979,124],{"class":53},[39,131981,562],{"class":517},[39,131983,195],{"class":521},[39,131985,562],{"class":517},[39,131987,61],{"class":53},[39,131989,64],{"class":57},[39,131991,61],{"class":53},[39,131993,316],{"class":57},[39,131995,5073],{"class":53},[39,131997,50488],{"class":150},[160,131999,37733],{"id":37732},[20,132001,28417,132002,132004,132005,117],{},[15,132003,58687],{}," is a ",[382,132006,132007],{},"zero-based index",[20,132009,1813],{},[176,132011,132012,132018,132023],{},[179,132013,132014,132015,132017],{},"Index ",[15,132016,1826],{}," is the first character",[179,132019,132014,132020,132022],{},[15,132021,58],{}," is the second character",[179,132024,132014,132025,132027],{},[15,132026,85],{}," is the third character",[20,132029,267],{},[30,132031,132033],{"className":32,"code":132032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132034,132035,132047,132051,132075,132099],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132036,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132038,34398],{"class":45},[39,132040,50],{"class":49},[39,132042,572],{"class":517},[39,132044,36761],{"class":521},[39,132046,3062],{"class":517},[39,132048,132049],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132050,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,132052,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132054,137],{"class":136},[39,132056,124],{"class":53},[39,132058,34419],{"class":120},[39,132060,117],{"class":53},[39,132062,35558],{"class":120},[39,132064,124],{"class":53},[39,132066,562],{"class":517},[39,132068,9454],{"class":521},[39,132070,562],{"class":517},[39,132072,5073],{"class":53},[39,132074,50965],{"class":150},[39,132076,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,132078,137],{"class":136},[39,132080,124],{"class":53},[39,132082,34419],{"class":120},[39,132084,117],{"class":53},[39,132086,35558],{"class":120},[39,132088,124],{"class":53},[39,132090,562],{"class":517},[39,132092,195],{"class":521},[39,132094,562],{"class":517},[39,132096,5073],{"class":53},[39,132098,27488],{"class":150},[39,132100,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,132102,137],{"class":136},[39,132104,124],{"class":53},[39,132106,34419],{"class":120},[39,132108,117],{"class":53},[39,132110,35558],{"class":120},[39,132112,124],{"class":53},[39,132114,562],{"class":517},[39,132116,63007],{"class":521},[39,132118,562],{"class":517},[39,132120,5073],{"class":53},[39,132122,51133],{"class":150},[20,132124,132125,132127,132128,132130],{},[15,132126,58687],{}," returns only the ",[382,132129,29618],{}," matching position.",[30,132132,132134],{"className":32,"code":132133,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132135,132136,132148],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132139,34398],{"class":45},[39,132141,50],{"class":49},[39,132143,572],{"class":517},[39,132145,3798],{"class":521},[39,132147,3062],{"class":517},[39,132149,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132151,137],{"class":136},[39,132153,124],{"class":53},[39,132155,34419],{"class":120},[39,132157,117],{"class":53},[39,132159,35558],{"class":120},[39,132161,124],{"class":53},[39,132163,562],{"class":517},[39,132165,195],{"class":521},[39,132167,562],{"class":517},[39,132169,5073],{"class":53},[39,132171,27488],{"class":150},[20,132173,20685,132174,132176],{},[15,132175,17802],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132178,132179,132180,117],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[195,132181,132182,1627],{"href":124406},[15,132183,58309],{},[160,132185,718,132186,4104,132188],{"id":65127},[15,132187,35785],{},[15,132189,52379],{},[20,132191,22,132192,4104,132194,132196],{},[15,132193,35785],{},[15,132195,52379],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132198,132199],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132201,45756,132202,1250],{},[15,132203,35785],{},[30,132205,132207],{"className":32,"code":132206,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132208,132209,132221,132225,132249,132277],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132210,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132212,34398],{"class":45},[39,132214,50],{"class":49},[39,132216,572],{"class":517},[39,132218,3798],{"class":521},[39,132220,3062],{"class":517},[39,132222,132223],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132224,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,132226,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132228,137],{"class":136},[39,132230,124],{"class":53},[39,132232,34419],{"class":120},[39,132234,117],{"class":53},[39,132236,35558],{"class":120},[39,132238,124],{"class":53},[39,132240,562],{"class":517},[39,132242,195],{"class":521},[39,132244,562],{"class":517},[39,132246,5073],{"class":53},[39,132248,50838],{"class":150},[39,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,132252,137],{"class":136},[39,132254,124],{"class":53},[39,132256,34419],{"class":120},[39,132258,117],{"class":53},[39,132260,35558],{"class":120},[39,132262,124],{"class":53},[39,132264,562],{"class":517},[39,132266,195],{"class":521},[39,132268,562],{"class":517},[39,132270,61],{"class":53},[39,132272,64],{"class":57},[39,132274,5073],{"class":53},[39,132276,50687],{"class":150},[39,132278,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,132280,137],{"class":136},[39,132282,124],{"class":53},[39,132284,34419],{"class":120},[39,132286,117],{"class":53},[39,132288,35558],{"class":120},[39,132290,124],{"class":53},[39,132292,562],{"class":517},[39,132294,195],{"class":521},[39,132296,562],{"class":517},[39,132298,61],{"class":53},[39,132300,94],{"class":57},[39,132302,5073],{"class":53},[39,132304,50471],{"class":150},[20,132306,19664],{},[176,132308,132309,132316,132322],{},[179,132310,132311,132312,65317,132314],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132313,17802],{},[15,132315,58],{},[179,132317,132318,132319,132321],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132320,85],{}," skips that first match",[179,132323,132318,132324,132326,132327],{},[15,132325,2212],{}," finds the last ",[15,132328,17802],{},[20,132330,45756,132331,1250],{},[15,132332,52379],{},[30,132334,132336],{"className":32,"code":132335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132337,132338,132350,132354],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132339,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132341,34398],{"class":45},[39,132343,50],{"class":49},[39,132345,572],{"class":517},[39,132347,3798],{"class":521},[39,132349,3062],{"class":517},[39,132351,132352],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132353,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132357,137],{"class":136},[39,132359,124],{"class":53},[39,132361,34419],{"class":120},[39,132363,117],{"class":53},[39,132365,35558],{"class":120},[39,132367,124],{"class":53},[39,132369,562],{"class":517},[39,132371,75751],{"class":521},[39,132373,562],{"class":517},[39,132375,61],{"class":53},[39,132377,3540],{"class":57},[39,132379,61],{"class":53},[39,132381,94],{"class":57},[39,132383,5073],{"class":53},[39,132385,51133],{"class":150},[20,132387,132388],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132390,132391],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[160,132393,43928,132395,132397],{"id":132394},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132396,58687],{}," causes an error",[20,132399,132400,132401,52213,132403,117],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132402,58687],{},[15,132404,40418],{},[20,132406,267],{},[30,132408,132410],{"className":32,"code":132409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132411,132412,132424],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132413,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132415,34398],{"class":45},[39,132417,50],{"class":49},[39,132419,572],{"class":517},[39,132421,3552],{"class":521},[39,132423,3062],{"class":517},[39,132425,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132427,137],{"class":136},[39,132429,124],{"class":53},[39,132431,34419],{"class":120},[39,132433,117],{"class":53},[39,132435,35558],{"class":120},[39,132437,124],{"class":53},[39,132439,562],{"class":517},[39,132441,21784],{"class":521},[39,132443,562],{"class":517},[39,132445,486],{"class":53},[20,132447,353],{},[30,132449,132451],{"className":32,"code":132450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132452,132453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132454,132455,132457,132459,132462,132464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132456,40418],{"class":478},[39,132458,1250],{"class":53},[39,132460,132461],{"class":45}," substring ",[39,132463,4340],{"class":49},[39,132465,65550],{"class":45},[20,132467,53060,132468,125922,132473,132475],{},[195,132469,132470],{"href":129600},[15,132471,132472],{},"str.find()",[15,132474,65575],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132477,132478,132479,4104,132481,1250],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132480,29513],{},[15,132482,29544],{},[30,132484,132486],{"className":32,"code":132485,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132487,132488,132500,132504,132510,132533,132543,132551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132489,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132491,34398],{"class":45},[39,132493,50],{"class":49},[39,132495,572],{"class":517},[39,132497,3552],{"class":521},[39,132499,3062],{"class":517},[39,132501,132502],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132503,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,132505,132506,132508],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132507,29513],{"class":3584},[39,132509,6107],{"class":53},[39,132511,132512,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,132513,132514],{"class":45},"    position ",[39,132516,50],{"class":49},[39,132518,42557],{"class":45},[39,132520,117],{"class":53},[39,132522,35558],{"class":120},[39,132524,124],{"class":53},[39,132526,562],{"class":517},[39,132528,21784],{"class":521},[39,132530,562],{"class":517},[39,132532,130],{"class":53},[39,132534,132535,132537,132539,132541],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,132536,7785],{"class":136},[39,132538,124],{"class":53},[39,132540,64667],{"class":120},[39,132542,130],{"class":53},[39,132544,132545,132547,132549],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,132546,29544],{"class":3584},[39,132548,41641],{"class":478},[39,132550,6107],{"class":53},[39,132552,132553,132555,132557,132559,132562,132564],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,132554,7785],{"class":136},[39,132556,124],{"class":53},[39,132558,562],{"class":517},[39,132560,132561],{"class":521},"Substring not found",[39,132563,562],{"class":517},[39,132565,130],{"class":53},[20,132567,132568],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132570,41661,132571,117],{},[195,132572,25387,132574],{"href":132573},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132575,128927],{},[160,132577,132579,980,132581],{"id":132578},"index-vs-find",[15,132580,58687],{},[15,132582,123951],{},[20,132584,132585,4104,132587,132589],{},[15,132586,58687],{},[15,132588,123951],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[988,132591,132592],{"id":35558},[15,132593,58687],{},[176,132595,132596,132599],{},[179,132597,132598],{},"Returns the first match position",[179,132600,132601],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[30,132603,132605],{"className":32,"code":132604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132606,132607,132619,132643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132608,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132610,34398],{"class":45},[39,132612,50],{"class":49},[39,132614,572],{"class":517},[39,132616,3552],{"class":521},[39,132618,3062],{"class":517},[39,132620,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132622,137],{"class":136},[39,132624,124],{"class":53},[39,132626,34419],{"class":120},[39,132628,117],{"class":53},[39,132630,35558],{"class":120},[39,132632,124],{"class":53},[39,132634,562],{"class":517},[39,132636,60167],{"class":521},[39,132638,562],{"class":517},[39,132640,5073],{"class":53},[39,132642,27488],{"class":150},[39,132644,132645],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132646,132647],{"class":150},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[988,132649,132650],{"id":127981},[15,132651,123951],{},[176,132653,132654,132656],{},[179,132655,132598],{},[179,132657,11137,132658,132660],{},[15,132659,65575],{}," if nothing is found",[30,132662,132664],{"className":32,"code":132663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132665,132666,132678,132702],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132667,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132669,34398],{"class":45},[39,132671,50],{"class":49},[39,132673,572],{"class":517},[39,132675,3552],{"class":521},[39,132677,3062],{"class":517},[39,132679,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132681,137],{"class":136},[39,132683,124],{"class":53},[39,132685,34419],{"class":120},[39,132687,117],{"class":53},[39,132689,127981],{"class":120},[39,132691,124],{"class":53},[39,132693,562],{"class":517},[39,132695,60167],{"class":521},[39,132697,562],{"class":517},[39,132699,5073],{"class":53},[39,132701,27488],{"class":150},[39,132703,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132705,137],{"class":136},[39,132707,124],{"class":53},[39,132709,34419],{"class":120},[39,132711,117],{"class":53},[39,132713,127981],{"class":120},[39,132715,124],{"class":53},[39,132717,562],{"class":517},[39,132719,21784],{"class":521},[39,132721,562],{"class":517},[39,132723,5073],{"class":53},[39,132725,128337],{"class":150},[20,132727,154,132728,132730],{},[15,132729,58687],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132732,154,132733,132735],{},[15,132734,123951],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132737,132738,132739,1292,132744,117],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[195,132740,132741,132743],{"href":129600},[15,132742,132472],{}," method reference",[195,132745,126992],{"href":132746},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[160,132748,2537],{"id":2536},[20,132750,132751,132752,1250],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132753,58687],{},[176,132755,132756,132759,132766,132771,132776],{},[179,132757,132758],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[179,132760,8170,132761,8173,132763,132765],{},[15,132762,58687],{},[15,132764,65575],{}," when no match exists",[179,132767,718,132768,132770],{},[15,132769,58687],{}," on a value that may not be present",[179,132772,132773,132774],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132775,58],{},[179,132777,4289,132778,132780],{},[15,132779,58687],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132782,62015],{},[30,132784,132786],{"className":32,"code":132785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132787,132788,132798,132812,132834,132856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132789,132790,132792,132794,132796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132791,137],{"class":136},[39,132793,124],{"class":53},[39,132795,34419],{"class":120},[39,132797,130],{"class":53},[39,132799,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,132801,137],{"class":136},[39,132803,124],{"class":53},[39,132805,41494],{"class":136},[39,132807,124],{"class":53},[39,132809,34419],{"class":120},[39,132811,486],{"class":53},[39,132813,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,132815,137],{"class":136},[39,132817,124],{"class":53},[39,132819,34419],{"class":120},[39,132821,117],{"class":53},[39,132823,35558],{"class":120},[39,132825,124],{"class":53},[39,132827,562],{"class":517},[39,132829,2179],{"class":521},[39,132831,562],{"class":517},[39,132833,486],{"class":53},[39,132835,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,132837,137],{"class":136},[39,132839,124],{"class":53},[39,132841,34419],{"class":120},[39,132843,117],{"class":53},[39,132845,127981],{"class":120},[39,132847,124],{"class":53},[39,132849,562],{"class":517},[39,132851,2179],{"class":521},[39,132853,562],{"class":517},[39,132855,486],{"class":53},[39,132857,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,132859,137],{"class":136},[39,132861,124],{"class":53},[39,132863,34419],{"class":120},[39,132865,117],{"class":53},[39,132867,35558],{"class":120},[39,132869,124],{"class":53},[39,132871,562],{"class":517},[39,132873,2179],{"class":521},[39,132875,562],{"class":517},[39,132877,61],{"class":53},[39,132879,35764],{"class":120},[39,132881,61],{"class":53},[39,132883,64761],{"class":120},[39,132885,486],{"class":53},[20,132887,132888],{},"Tips:",[176,132890,132891,132896,132901,132904],{},[179,132892,154,132893,132895],{},[15,132894,125878],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[179,132897,154,132898,132900],{},[15,132899,123951],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[179,132902,132903],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,132905,132906,132907],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132908,1826],{},[160,132910,1563],{"id":1562},[988,132912,129460,132914,12428],{"id":132913},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132915,58687],{},[20,132917,132918],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[988,132920,132922],{"id":132921},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132924,76579,132925,117],{},[15,132926,40418],{},[988,132928,4890,132930,4104,132932,2199],{"id":132929},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132931,58687],{},[15,132933,123951],{},[20,132935,132936,132938,132939,2104,132941,6343],{},[15,132937,58687],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132940,123951],{},[15,132942,65575],{},[988,132944,1577,132946,132948],{"id":132945},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132947,58687],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132950,132951],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[988,132953,132955,132956,124292],{"id":132954},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132957,58687],{},[20,132959,129485],{},[160,132961,1613],{"id":1612},[176,132963,132964,132970,132974,132979,132985],{},[179,132965,132966],{},[195,132967,132968,1627],{"href":129600},[15,132969,132472],{},[179,132971,132972],{},[195,132973,124355],{"href":132746},[179,132975,132976],{},[195,132977,129561],{"href":132978},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[179,132980,132981],{},[195,132982,132983,1627],{"href":124406},[15,132984,58309],{},[179,132986,132987],{},[195,132988,30056,132989],{"href":132573},[15,132990,128927],{},[1642,132992,132993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":132995},[132996,132997,132999,133000,133001,133002,133004,133009,133010,133021],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":131632,"depth":75,"text":132998},"What str.index() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733},{"id":65127,"depth":75,"text":65910},{"id":132394,"depth":75,"text":133003},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132578,"depth":75,"text":133005,"children":133006},"index() vs find()",[133007,133008],{"id":35558,"depth":99,"text":58687},{"id":127981,"depth":99,"text":123951},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":133011},[133012,133014,133015,133017,133019],{"id":132913,"depth":99,"text":133013},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132921,"depth":99,"text":132922},{"id":132929,"depth":99,"text":133016},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132945,"depth":99,"text":133018},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132954,"depth":99,"text":133020},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131541,"description":133022},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133029,"title":133030,"body":133031,"description":135806,"extension":1670,"meta":135807,"navigation":102,"path":135808,"seo":135809,"stem":135810,"__hash__":135811},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133032,"toc":135742},[133033,133039,133044,133047,133050,133061,133063,133132,133134,133148,133153,133158,133163,133165,133208,133210,133293,133295,133341,133347,133349,133351,133371,133373,133396,133398,133472,133474,133493,133498,133500,133504,133576,133578,133592,133596,133672,133674,133693,133697,133791,133793,133802,133809,133885,133887,133905,133909,133912,133919,133968,133970,133979,133986,134045,134047,134065,134068,134075,134134,134136,134154,134161,134218,134220,134229,134233,134238,134242,134301,134303,134321,134325,134372,134377,134380,134449,134451,134468,134475,134481,134536,134541,134544,134621,134623,134641,134647,134653,134713,134715,134734,134740,134743,134750,134803,134808,134810,134871,134880,134887,134889,134946,134951,134953,135024,135028,135083,135085,135094,135099,135105,135174,135176,135208,135214,135222,135229,135235,135300,135302,135311,135317,135398,135400,135409,135414,135428,135435,135439,135444,135472,135474,135607,135610,135647,135649,135655,135664,135669,135672,135677,135682,135688,135691,135700,135703,135705,135734,135739],[10,133034,122956,133036,18],{"id":133035},"python-string-join-method",[15,133037,133038],{},"join()",[20,133040,122961,133041,133043],{},[15,133042,133038],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133045,133046],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133048,133049],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[176,133051,133052,133058],{},[179,133053,133054,133055,133057],{},"You call ",[15,133056,133038],{}," on the separator string",[179,133059,133060],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[160,133062,3313],{"id":3312},[30,133064,133066],{"className":32,"code":133065,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133067,133068,133101,133122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133069,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133097,133099],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133071,3780],{"class":45},[39,133073,50],{"class":49},[39,133075,3327],{"class":53},[39,133077,562],{"class":517},[39,133079,7010],{"class":521},[39,133081,562],{"class":517},[39,133083,61],{"class":53},[39,133085,572],{"class":517},[39,133087,11906],{"class":521},[39,133089,562],{"class":517},[39,133091,61],{"class":53},[39,133093,572],{"class":517},[39,133095,133096],{"class":521},"fun",[39,133098,562],{"class":517},[39,133100,3340],{"class":53},[39,133102,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133116,133118,133120],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133104,109],{"class":45},[39,133106,50],{"class":49},[39,133108,572],{"class":517},[39,133110,572],{"class":517},[39,133112,117],{"class":53},[39,133114,133115],{"class":120},"join",[39,133117,124],{"class":53},[39,133119,3824],{"class":120},[39,133121,130],{"class":53},[39,133123,133124,133126,133128,133130],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133125,137],{"class":136},[39,133127,124],{"class":53},[39,133129,142],{"class":120},[39,133131,130],{"class":53},[20,133133,353],{},[30,133135,133137],{"className":32,"code":133136,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python is fun\n",[15,133138,133139],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133140,133141,133143,133145],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133142,13],{"class":45},[39,133144,11906],{"class":49},[39,133146,133147],{"class":45}," fun\n",[20,133149,154,133150,133152],{},[15,133151,133038],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[160,133154,3383,133156,3386],{"id":133155},"what-join-does",[15,133157,133038],{},[20,133159,133160,133162],{},[15,133161,133038],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133164,11172],{},[176,133166,133167,133174,133202,133205],{},[179,133168,133169,133170,133173],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133171,133172],{},".join()"," as the separator",[179,133175,133176,133177],{},"Common separators are:\n",[176,133178,133179,133185,133191,133197],{},[179,133180,133181,133184],{},[15,133182,133183],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[179,133186,133187,133190],{},[15,133188,133189],{},"\", \""," for commas",[179,133192,133193,133196],{},[15,133194,133195],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[179,133198,133199,133201],{},[15,133200,5986],{}," for no separator",[179,133203,133204],{},"It returns a new string",[179,133206,133207],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133209,267],{},[30,133211,133213],{"className":32,"code":133212,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133214,133215,133247,133269,133273,133283],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133216,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133218,3780],{"class":45},[39,133220,50],{"class":49},[39,133222,3327],{"class":53},[39,133224,562],{"class":517},[39,133226,565],{"class":521},[39,133228,562],{"class":517},[39,133230,61],{"class":53},[39,133232,572],{"class":517},[39,133234,584],{"class":521},[39,133236,562],{"class":517},[39,133238,61],{"class":53},[39,133240,572],{"class":517},[39,133242,575],{"class":521},[39,133244,562],{"class":517},[39,133246,3340],{"class":53},[39,133248,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133261,133263,133265,133267],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133250,109],{"class":45},[39,133252,50],{"class":49},[39,133254,572],{"class":517},[39,133256,1896],{"class":521},[39,133258,562],{"class":517},[39,133260,117],{"class":53},[39,133262,133115],{"class":120},[39,133264,124],{"class":53},[39,133266,3824],{"class":120},[39,133268,130],{"class":53},[39,133270,133271],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133272,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133274,133275,133277,133279,133281],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133276,137],{"class":136},[39,133278,124],{"class":53},[39,133280,142],{"class":120},[39,133282,130],{"class":53},[39,133284,133285,133287,133289,133291],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,133286,137],{"class":136},[39,133288,124],{"class":53},[39,133290,3824],{"class":120},[39,133292,130],{"class":53},[20,133294,353],{},[30,133296,133298],{"className":32,"code":133297,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133299,133300,133313],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133301,133302,133304,133306,133309,133311],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133303,565],{"class":45},[39,133305,61],{"class":53},[39,133307,133308],{"class":45}," green",[39,133310,61],{"class":53},[39,133312,35593],{"class":45},[39,133314,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133316,3609],{"class":53},[39,133318,524],{"class":517},[39,133320,565],{"class":521},[39,133322,524],{"class":517},[39,133324,61],{"class":53},[39,133326,518],{"class":517},[39,133328,584],{"class":521},[39,133330,524],{"class":517},[39,133332,61],{"class":53},[39,133334,518],{"class":517},[39,133336,575],{"class":521},[39,133338,524],{"class":517},[39,133340,3340],{"class":53},[20,133342,133343,133344,133346],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133345,133038],{}," creates a new string.",[160,133348,202],{"id":201},[20,133350,6931],{},[30,133352,133354],{"className":32,"code":133353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133355,133356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133357,133358,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133359,133360],{"class":45},"separator",[39,133362,117],{"class":53},[39,133364,133115],{"class":120},[39,133366,124],{"class":53},[39,133368,3426],{"class":120},[39,133370,130],{"class":53},[988,133372,48727],{"id":48726},[176,133374,133375,133388,133393],{},[179,133376,133377,133379,133380,1896,133382,1896,133384,1900,133386],{},[15,133378,133360],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133381,133183],{},[15,133383,133189],{},[15,133385,133195],{},[15,133387,5986],{},[179,133389,133390,133392],{},[15,133391,3426],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[179,133394,133395],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133397,267],{},[30,133399,133401],{"className":32,"code":133400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133402,133403,133435,133458,133462],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133404,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133406,4705],{"class":45},[39,133408,50],{"class":49},[39,133410,3327],{"class":53},[39,133412,562],{"class":517},[39,133414,12593],{"class":521},[39,133416,562],{"class":517},[39,133418,61],{"class":53},[39,133420,572],{"class":517},[39,133422,35653],{"class":521},[39,133424,562],{"class":517},[39,133426,61],{"class":53},[39,133428,572],{"class":517},[39,133430,35662],{"class":521},[39,133432,562],{"class":517},[39,133434,3340],{"class":53},[39,133436,133437,133439,133441,133443,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133438,109],{"class":45},[39,133440,50],{"class":49},[39,133442,572],{"class":517},[39,133444,133445],{"class":521}," | ",[39,133447,562],{"class":517},[39,133449,117],{"class":53},[39,133451,133115],{"class":120},[39,133453,124],{"class":53},[39,133455,4749],{"class":120},[39,133457,130],{"class":53},[39,133459,133460],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133461,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133463,133464,133466,133468,133470],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133465,137],{"class":136},[39,133467,124],{"class":53},[39,133469,142],{"class":120},[39,133471,130],{"class":53},[20,133473,353],{},[30,133475,133477],{"className":32,"code":133476,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133478,133479],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133480,133481,133484,133486,133489,133491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133482,133483],{"class":45},"Ana ",[39,133485,113463],{"class":49},[39,133487,133488],{"class":45}," Ben ",[39,133490,113463],{"class":49},[39,133492,35734],{"class":45},[20,133494,133495,133496,117],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[195,133497,124711],{"href":50693},[160,133499,121487],{"id":121486},[988,133501,133503],{"id":133502},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[30,133505,133507],{"className":32,"code":133506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133508,133509,133542,133562,133566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133510,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133538,133540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133512,3780],{"class":45},[39,133514,50],{"class":49},[39,133516,3327],{"class":53},[39,133518,562],{"class":517},[39,133520,7010],{"class":521},[39,133522,562],{"class":517},[39,133524,61],{"class":53},[39,133526,572],{"class":517},[39,133528,11906],{"class":521},[39,133530,562],{"class":517},[39,133532,61],{"class":53},[39,133534,572],{"class":517},[39,133536,133537],{"class":521},"easy",[39,133539,562],{"class":517},[39,133541,3340],{"class":53},[39,133543,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133545,109],{"class":45},[39,133547,50],{"class":49},[39,133549,572],{"class":517},[39,133551,572],{"class":517},[39,133553,117],{"class":53},[39,133555,133115],{"class":120},[39,133557,124],{"class":53},[39,133559,3824],{"class":120},[39,133561,130],{"class":53},[39,133563,133564],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133565,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133567,133568,133570,133572,133574],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133569,137],{"class":136},[39,133571,124],{"class":53},[39,133573,142],{"class":120},[39,133575,130],{"class":53},[20,133577,353],{},[30,133579,133581],{"className":32,"code":133580,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python is easy\n",[15,133582,133583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133584,133585,133587,133589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133586,13],{"class":45},[39,133588,11906],{"class":49},[39,133590,133591],{"class":45}," easy\n",[988,133593,133595],{"id":133594},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[30,133597,133599],{"className":32,"code":133598,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133600,133601,133636,133658,133662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133602,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133614,133616,133618,133620,133623,133625,133627,133629,133632,133634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133604,7494],{"class":45},[39,133606,50],{"class":49},[39,133608,3327],{"class":53},[39,133610,562],{"class":517},[39,133612,133613],{"class":521},"apples",[39,133615,562],{"class":517},[39,133617,61],{"class":53},[39,133619,572],{"class":517},[39,133621,133622],{"class":521},"bananas",[39,133624,562],{"class":517},[39,133626,61],{"class":53},[39,133628,572],{"class":517},[39,133630,133631],{"class":521},"oranges",[39,133633,562],{"class":517},[39,133635,3340],{"class":53},[39,133637,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133639,109],{"class":45},[39,133641,50],{"class":49},[39,133643,572],{"class":517},[39,133645,1896],{"class":521},[39,133647,562],{"class":517},[39,133649,117],{"class":53},[39,133651,133115],{"class":120},[39,133653,124],{"class":53},[39,133655,7525],{"class":120},[39,133657,130],{"class":53},[39,133659,133660],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133661,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133663,133664,133666,133668,133670],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133665,137],{"class":136},[39,133667,124],{"class":53},[39,133669,142],{"class":120},[39,133671,130],{"class":53},[20,133673,353],{},[30,133675,133677],{"className":32,"code":133676,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133678,133679],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133680,133681,133683,133685,133688,133690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133682,133613],{"class":45},[39,133684,61],{"class":53},[39,133686,133687],{"class":45}," bananas",[39,133689,61],{"class":53},[39,133691,133692],{"class":45}," oranges\n",[988,133694,133696],{"id":133695},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[30,133698,133700],{"className":32,"code":133699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133701,133702,133759,133777,133781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133703,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133705,35803],{"class":45},[39,133707,50],{"class":49},[39,133709,3327],{"class":53},[39,133711,562],{"class":517},[39,133713,133714],{"class":521},"P",[39,133716,562],{"class":517},[39,133718,61],{"class":53},[39,133720,572],{"class":517},[39,133722,11457],{"class":521},[39,133724,562],{"class":517},[39,133726,61],{"class":53},[39,133728,572],{"class":517},[39,133730,63007],{"class":521},[39,133732,562],{"class":517},[39,133734,61],{"class":53},[39,133736,572],{"class":517},[39,133738,60158],{"class":521},[39,133740,562],{"class":517},[39,133742,61],{"class":53},[39,133744,572],{"class":517},[39,133746,60193],{"class":521},[39,133748,562],{"class":517},[39,133750,61],{"class":53},[39,133752,572],{"class":517},[39,133754,75751],{"class":521},[39,133756,562],{"class":517},[39,133758,3340],{"class":53},[39,133760,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133762,109],{"class":45},[39,133764,50],{"class":49},[39,133766,5840],{"class":517},[39,133768,117],{"class":53},[39,133770,133115],{"class":120},[39,133772,124],{"class":53},[39,133774,35856],{"class":120},[39,133776,130],{"class":53},[39,133778,133779],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133780,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133782,133783,133785,133787,133789],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133784,137],{"class":136},[39,133786,124],{"class":53},[39,133788,142],{"class":120},[39,133790,130],{"class":53},[20,133792,353],{},[30,133794,133796],{"className":32,"code":133795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python\n",[15,133797,133798],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133799,133800],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133801,133795],{"class":45},[988,133803,133805,133806,133808],{"id":133804},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133807,133038],{}," returns the result",[30,133810,133812],{"className":32,"code":133811,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133813,133814,133847,133870,133874],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133815,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133843,133845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133817,3780],{"class":45},[39,133819,50],{"class":49},[39,133821,3327],{"class":53},[39,133823,562],{"class":517},[39,133825,6297],{"class":521},[39,133827,562],{"class":517},[39,133829,61],{"class":53},[39,133831,572],{"class":517},[39,133833,78992],{"class":521},[39,133835,562],{"class":517},[39,133837,61],{"class":53},[39,133839,572],{"class":517},[39,133841,133842],{"class":521},"three",[39,133844,562],{"class":517},[39,133846,3340],{"class":53},[39,133848,133849,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133850,133851],{"class":45},"joined_text ",[39,133853,50],{"class":49},[39,133855,572],{"class":517},[39,133857,1730],{"class":521},[39,133859,562],{"class":517},[39,133861,117],{"class":53},[39,133863,133115],{"class":120},[39,133865,124],{"class":53},[39,133867,3824],{"class":120},[39,133869,130],{"class":53},[39,133871,133872],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,133873,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,133875,133876,133878,133880,133883],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,133877,137],{"class":136},[39,133879,124],{"class":53},[39,133881,133882],{"class":120},"joined_text",[39,133884,130],{"class":53},[20,133886,353],{},[30,133888,133890],{"className":32,"code":133889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"one-two-three\n",[15,133891,133892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133893,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133895,6297],{"class":45},[39,133897,1730],{"class":49},[39,133899,78992],{"class":45},[39,133901,1730],{"class":49},[39,133903,133904],{"class":45},"three\n",[160,133906,133908],{"id":133907},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133910,133911],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[988,133913,133915,133918],{"id":133914},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133916,133917],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[30,133920,133922],{"className":32,"code":133921,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133923,133924,133948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133925,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133927,3780],{"class":45},[39,133929,50],{"class":49},[39,133931,3327],{"class":53},[39,133933,562],{"class":517},[39,133935,3552],{"class":521},[39,133937,562],{"class":517},[39,133939,61],{"class":53},[39,133941,572],{"class":517},[39,133943,60311],{"class":521},[39,133945,562],{"class":517},[39,133947,3340],{"class":53},[39,133949,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,133951,137],{"class":136},[39,133953,124],{"class":53},[39,133955,562],{"class":517},[39,133957,572],{"class":517},[39,133959,117],{"class":53},[39,133961,133115],{"class":120},[39,133963,124],{"class":53},[39,133965,3824],{"class":120},[39,133967,486],{"class":53},[20,133969,353],{},[30,133971,133973],{"className":32,"code":133972,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\n",[15,133974,133975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133976,133977],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133978,133972],{"class":45},[988,133980,133982,133985],{"id":133981},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133983,133984],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[30,133987,133989],{"className":32,"code":133988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133990,133991,134023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133994,12786],{"class":45},[39,133996,50],{"class":49},[39,133998,3327],{"class":53},[39,134000,562],{"class":517},[39,134002,565],{"class":521},[39,134004,562],{"class":517},[39,134006,61],{"class":53},[39,134008,572],{"class":517},[39,134010,575],{"class":521},[39,134012,562],{"class":517},[39,134014,61],{"class":53},[39,134016,572],{"class":517},[39,134018,584],{"class":521},[39,134020,562],{"class":517},[39,134022,3340],{"class":53},[39,134024,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134026,137],{"class":136},[39,134028,124],{"class":53},[39,134030,562],{"class":517},[39,134032,1896],{"class":521},[39,134034,562],{"class":517},[39,134036,117],{"class":53},[39,134038,133115],{"class":120},[39,134040,124],{"class":53},[39,134042,17209],{"class":120},[39,134044,486],{"class":53},[20,134046,353],{},[30,134048,134050],{"className":32,"code":134049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134051,134052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134053,134054,134056,134058,134061,134063],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134055,565],{"class":45},[39,134057,61],{"class":53},[39,134059,134060],{"class":45}," blue",[39,134062,61],{"class":53},[39,134064,35586],{"class":45},[20,134066,134067],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[988,134069,134071,134074],{"id":134070},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134072,134073],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[30,134076,134078],{"className":32,"code":134077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134079,134080,134112],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134081,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134083,42552],{"class":45},[39,134085,50],{"class":49},[39,134087,3327],{"class":53},[39,134089,562],{"class":517},[39,134091,34],{"class":521},[39,134093,562],{"class":517},[39,134095,61],{"class":53},[39,134097,572],{"class":517},[39,134099,60894],{"class":521},[39,134101,562],{"class":517},[39,134103,61],{"class":53},[39,134105,572],{"class":517},[39,134107,133115],{"class":521},[39,134109,562],{"class":517},[39,134111,3340],{"class":53},[39,134113,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134115,137],{"class":136},[39,134117,124],{"class":53},[39,134119,562],{"class":517},[39,134121,1730],{"class":521},[39,134123,562],{"class":517},[39,134125,117],{"class":53},[39,134127,133115],{"class":120},[39,134129,124],{"class":53},[39,134131,42584],{"class":120},[39,134133,486],{"class":53},[20,134135,353],{},[30,134137,134139],{"className":32,"code":134138,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"python-string-join\n",[15,134140,134141],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134142,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134144,34],{"class":45},[39,134146,1730],{"class":49},[39,134148,60894],{"class":45},[39,134150,1730],{"class":49},[39,134152,134153],{"class":45},"join\n",[988,134155,134157,134160],{"id":134156},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134158,134159],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[30,134162,134164],{"className":32,"code":134163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134165,134166,134199],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134167,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134195,134197],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134169,112535],{"class":45},[39,134171,50],{"class":49},[39,134173,3327],{"class":53},[39,134175,562],{"class":517},[39,134177,21952],{"class":521},[39,134179,562],{"class":517},[39,134181,61],{"class":53},[39,134183,572],{"class":517},[39,134185,30309],{"class":521},[39,134187,562],{"class":517},[39,134189,61],{"class":53},[39,134191,572],{"class":517},[39,134193,134194],{"class":521},"C",[39,134196,562],{"class":517},[39,134198,3340],{"class":53},[39,134200,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134216],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134202,137],{"class":136},[39,134204,124],{"class":53},[39,134206,5986],{"class":517},[39,134208,117],{"class":53},[39,134210,133115],{"class":120},[39,134212,124],{"class":53},[39,134214,134215],{"class":120},"chars",[39,134217,486],{"class":53},[20,134219,353],{},[30,134221,134223],{"className":32,"code":134222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ABC\n",[15,134224,134225],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134226,134227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134228,134222],{"class":34163},[160,134230,134232],{"id":134231},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134234,134235,134237],{},[15,134236,133038],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[988,134239,134241],{"id":134240},"this-works","This works",[30,134243,134245],{"className":32,"code":134244,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134246,134247,134279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134248,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134250,3529],{"class":45},[39,134252,50],{"class":49},[39,134254,3327],{"class":53},[39,134256,562],{"class":517},[39,134258,2037],{"class":521},[39,134260,562],{"class":517},[39,134262,61],{"class":53},[39,134264,572],{"class":517},[39,134266,15463],{"class":521},[39,134268,562],{"class":517},[39,134270,61],{"class":53},[39,134272,572],{"class":517},[39,134274,36555],{"class":521},[39,134276,562],{"class":517},[39,134278,3340],{"class":53},[39,134280,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134282,137],{"class":136},[39,134284,124],{"class":53},[39,134286,562],{"class":517},[39,134288,1896],{"class":521},[39,134290,562],{"class":517},[39,134292,117],{"class":53},[39,134294,133115],{"class":120},[39,134296,124],{"class":53},[39,134298,5070],{"class":120},[39,134300,486],{"class":53},[20,134302,353],{},[30,134304,134306],{"className":32,"code":134305,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134307,134308],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134311,2037],{"class":57},[39,134313,61],{"class":53},[39,134315,7505],{"class":57},[39,134317,61],{"class":53},[39,134319,134320],{"class":57}," 30\n",[988,134322,134324],{"id":134323},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[30,134326,134328],{"className":32,"code":134327,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134329,134330,134350],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134331,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134333,3529],{"class":45},[39,134335,50],{"class":49},[39,134337,3327],{"class":53},[39,134339,58],{"class":57},[39,134341,61],{"class":53},[39,134343,64],{"class":57},[39,134345,61],{"class":53},[39,134347,69],{"class":57},[39,134349,3340],{"class":53},[39,134351,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134353,137],{"class":136},[39,134355,124],{"class":53},[39,134357,562],{"class":517},[39,134359,1896],{"class":521},[39,134361,562],{"class":517},[39,134363,117],{"class":53},[39,134365,133115],{"class":120},[39,134367,124],{"class":53},[39,134369,5070],{"class":120},[39,134371,486],{"class":53},[20,134373,90030,134374,134376],{},[15,134375,2711],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134378,134379],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[30,134381,134383],{"className":32,"code":134382,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134384,134385,134405,134435,134439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134388,3529],{"class":45},[39,134390,50],{"class":49},[39,134392,3327],{"class":53},[39,134394,58],{"class":57},[39,134396,61],{"class":53},[39,134398,64],{"class":57},[39,134400,61],{"class":53},[39,134402,69],{"class":57},[39,134404,3340],{"class":53},[39,134406,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134408,109],{"class":45},[39,134410,50],{"class":49},[39,134412,572],{"class":517},[39,134414,1896],{"class":521},[39,134416,562],{"class":517},[39,134418,117],{"class":53},[39,134420,133115],{"class":120},[39,134422,124],{"class":53},[39,134424,39573],{"class":136},[39,134426,124],{"class":53},[39,134428,3147],{"class":478},[39,134430,61],{"class":53},[39,134432,3594],{"class":120},[39,134434,486],{"class":53},[39,134436,134437],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,134438,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,134440,134441,134443,134445,134447],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,134442,137],{"class":136},[39,134444,124],{"class":53},[39,134446,142],{"class":120},[39,134448,130],{"class":53},[20,134450,353],{},[30,134452,134454],{"className":32,"code":134453,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134455,134456],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134457,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134459,58],{"class":57},[39,134461,61],{"class":53},[39,134463,64],{"class":57},[39,134465,61],{"class":53},[39,134467,2284],{"class":57},[20,134469,134470,134471,117],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[195,134472,13,134473,3213],{"href":41890},[15,134474,47400],{},[988,134476,134478,134480],{"id":134477},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134479,3484],{}," values do not work directly",[30,134482,134484],{"className":32,"code":134483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134485,134486,134514],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134487,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134489,3529],{"class":45},[39,134491,50],{"class":49},[39,134493,3327],{"class":53},[39,134495,562],{"class":517},[39,134497,3789],{"class":521},[39,134499,562],{"class":517},[39,134501,61],{"class":53},[39,134503,3560],{"class":3559},[39,134505,61],{"class":53},[39,134507,572],{"class":517},[39,134509,3798],{"class":521},[39,134511,562],{"class":517},[39,134513,3340],{"class":53},[39,134515,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134517,137],{"class":136},[39,134519,124],{"class":53},[39,134521,562],{"class":517},[39,134523,1896],{"class":521},[39,134525,562],{"class":517},[39,134527,117],{"class":53},[39,134529,133115],{"class":120},[39,134531,124],{"class":53},[39,134533,5070],{"class":120},[39,134535,486],{"class":53},[20,134537,134538,134539,117],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134540,2711],{},[20,134542,134543],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[30,134545,134547],{"className":32,"code":134546,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134548,134549,134577,134607,134611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134550,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134552,3529],{"class":45},[39,134554,50],{"class":49},[39,134556,3327],{"class":53},[39,134558,562],{"class":517},[39,134560,3789],{"class":521},[39,134562,562],{"class":517},[39,134564,61],{"class":53},[39,134566,3560],{"class":3559},[39,134568,61],{"class":53},[39,134570,572],{"class":517},[39,134572,3798],{"class":521},[39,134574,562],{"class":517},[39,134576,3340],{"class":53},[39,134578,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134580,109],{"class":45},[39,134582,50],{"class":49},[39,134584,572],{"class":517},[39,134586,1896],{"class":521},[39,134588,562],{"class":517},[39,134590,117],{"class":53},[39,134592,133115],{"class":120},[39,134594,124],{"class":53},[39,134596,39573],{"class":136},[39,134598,124],{"class":53},[39,134600,3147],{"class":478},[39,134602,61],{"class":53},[39,134604,3594],{"class":120},[39,134606,486],{"class":53},[39,134608,134609],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,134610,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,134612,134613,134615,134617,134619],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,134614,137],{"class":136},[39,134616,124],{"class":53},[39,134618,142],{"class":120},[39,134620,130],{"class":53},[20,134622,353],{},[30,134624,134626],{"className":32,"code":134625,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134627,134628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134629,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134631,3789],{"class":45},[39,134633,61],{"class":53},[39,134635,3560],{"class":3559},[39,134637,61],{"class":53},[39,134639,134640],{"class":45}," banana\n",[20,134642,134643,134644,134646],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134645,3484],{}," values instead of converting them.",[988,134648,134650,134652],{"id":134649},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134651,133038],{}," also works with tuples",[30,134654,134656],{"className":32,"code":134655,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134657,134658,134690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134659,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134661,4705],{"class":45},[39,134663,50],{"class":49},[39,134665,933],{"class":53},[39,134667,562],{"class":517},[39,134669,7391],{"class":521},[39,134671,562],{"class":517},[39,134673,61],{"class":53},[39,134675,572],{"class":517},[39,134677,131044],{"class":521},[39,134679,562],{"class":517},[39,134681,61],{"class":53},[39,134683,572],{"class":517},[39,134685,7637],{"class":521},[39,134687,562],{"class":517},[39,134689,130],{"class":53},[39,134691,134692,134694,134696,134698,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134693,137],{"class":136},[39,134695,124],{"class":53},[39,134697,562],{"class":517},[39,134699,134700],{"class":521}," \u002F ",[39,134702,562],{"class":517},[39,134704,117],{"class":53},[39,134706,133115],{"class":120},[39,134708,124],{"class":53},[39,134710,4749],{"class":120},[39,134712,486],{"class":53},[20,134714,353],{},[30,134716,134718],{"className":32,"code":134717,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134719,134720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134721,134722,134725,134727,134730,134732],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134723,134724],{"class":45},"Sam ",[39,134726,126848],{"class":49},[39,134728,134729],{"class":45}," Lee ",[39,134731,126848],{"class":49},[39,134733,22041],{"class":45},[160,134735,134737,134738],{"id":134736},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134739,133038],{},[20,134741,134742],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[988,134744,134746,134747,134749],{"id":134745},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134748,2711],{}," because not all items are strings",[30,134751,134753],{"className":32,"code":134752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134754,134755,134783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134756,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134758,7494],{"class":45},[39,134760,50],{"class":49},[39,134762,3327],{"class":53},[39,134764,562],{"class":517},[39,134766,195],{"class":521},[39,134768,562],{"class":517},[39,134770,61],{"class":53},[39,134772,64],{"class":57},[39,134774,61],{"class":53},[39,134776,572],{"class":517},[39,134778,9454],{"class":521},[39,134780,562],{"class":517},[39,134782,3340],{"class":53},[39,134784,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134786,137],{"class":136},[39,134788,124],{"class":53},[39,134790,562],{"class":517},[39,134792,572],{"class":517},[39,134794,117],{"class":53},[39,134796,133115],{"class":120},[39,134798,124],{"class":53},[39,134800,7525],{"class":120},[39,134802,486],{"class":53},[20,134804,48227,134805,134807],{},[15,134806,85],{}," is an integer.",[20,134809,38975],{},[30,134811,134813],{"className":32,"code":134812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134814,134815,134843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134816,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134818,7494],{"class":45},[39,134820,50],{"class":49},[39,134822,3327],{"class":53},[39,134824,562],{"class":517},[39,134826,195],{"class":521},[39,134828,562],{"class":517},[39,134830,61],{"class":53},[39,134832,64],{"class":57},[39,134834,61],{"class":53},[39,134836,572],{"class":517},[39,134838,9454],{"class":521},[39,134840,562],{"class":517},[39,134842,3340],{"class":53},[39,134844,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134846,137],{"class":136},[39,134848,124],{"class":53},[39,134850,562],{"class":517},[39,134852,572],{"class":517},[39,134854,117],{"class":53},[39,134856,133115],{"class":120},[39,134858,124],{"class":53},[39,134860,39573],{"class":136},[39,134862,124],{"class":53},[39,134864,3147],{"class":478},[39,134866,61],{"class":53},[39,134868,5679],{"class":120},[39,134870,2619],{"class":53},[20,134872,134873,134874,117],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[195,134875,25387,134877],{"href":134876},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134878,134879],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[988,134881,134883,134884,134886],{"id":134882},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134885,133038],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134888,4235],{},[30,134890,134892],{"className":32,"code":134891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134893,134894,134926],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134895,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134897,3780],{"class":45},[39,134899,50],{"class":49},[39,134901,3327],{"class":53},[39,134903,562],{"class":517},[39,134905,7010],{"class":521},[39,134907,562],{"class":517},[39,134909,61],{"class":53},[39,134911,572],{"class":517},[39,134913,11906],{"class":521},[39,134915,562],{"class":517},[39,134917,61],{"class":53},[39,134919,572],{"class":517},[39,134921,133096],{"class":521},[39,134923,562],{"class":517},[39,134925,3340],{"class":53},[39,134927,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134929,109],{"class":45},[39,134931,50],{"class":49},[39,134933,5882],{"class":45},[39,134935,117],{"class":53},[39,134937,133115],{"class":120},[39,134939,124],{"class":53},[39,134941,562],{"class":517},[39,134943,572],{"class":517},[39,134945,130],{"class":53},[20,134947,134948,134950],{},[15,134949,133038],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134952,10521],{},[30,134954,134956],{"className":32,"code":134955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134957,134958,134990,135010,135014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134959,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134961,3780],{"class":45},[39,134963,50],{"class":49},[39,134965,3327],{"class":53},[39,134967,562],{"class":517},[39,134969,7010],{"class":521},[39,134971,562],{"class":517},[39,134973,61],{"class":53},[39,134975,572],{"class":517},[39,134977,11906],{"class":521},[39,134979,562],{"class":517},[39,134981,61],{"class":53},[39,134983,572],{"class":517},[39,134985,133096],{"class":521},[39,134987,562],{"class":517},[39,134989,3340],{"class":53},[39,134991,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,134993,109],{"class":45},[39,134995,50],{"class":49},[39,134997,572],{"class":517},[39,134999,572],{"class":517},[39,135001,117],{"class":53},[39,135003,133115],{"class":120},[39,135005,124],{"class":53},[39,135007,3824],{"class":120},[39,135009,130],{"class":53},[39,135011,135012],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135013,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,135017,137],{"class":136},[39,135019,124],{"class":53},[39,135021,142],{"class":120},[39,135023,130],{"class":53},[988,135025,135027],{"id":135026},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[30,135029,135031],{"className":32,"code":135030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135032,135033,135065],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135036,3780],{"class":45},[39,135038,50],{"class":49},[39,135040,3327],{"class":53},[39,135042,562],{"class":517},[39,135044,6297],{"class":521},[39,135046,562],{"class":517},[39,135048,61],{"class":53},[39,135050,572],{"class":517},[39,135052,78992],{"class":521},[39,135054,562],{"class":517},[39,135056,61],{"class":53},[39,135058,572],{"class":517},[39,135060,133842],{"class":521},[39,135062,562],{"class":517},[39,135064,3340],{"class":53},[39,135066,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135068,137],{"class":136},[39,135070,124],{"class":53},[39,135072,5986],{"class":517},[39,135074,117],{"class":53},[39,135076,133115],{"class":120},[39,135078,124],{"class":53},[39,135080,3824],{"class":120},[39,135082,486],{"class":53},[20,135084,353],{},[30,135086,135088],{"className":32,"code":135087,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"onetwothree\n",[15,135089,135090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135091,135092],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135093,135087],{"class":45},[20,135095,135096,135097,6343],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135098,133183],{},[988,135100,135102,135103,131306],{"id":135101},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135104,133038],{},[30,135106,135108],{"className":32,"code":135107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135109,135110,135142,135160,135164],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135113,3780],{"class":45},[39,135115,50],{"class":49},[39,135117,3327],{"class":53},[39,135119,562],{"class":517},[39,135121,195],{"class":521},[39,135123,562],{"class":517},[39,135125,61],{"class":53},[39,135127,572],{"class":517},[39,135129,127],{"class":521},[39,135131,562],{"class":517},[39,135133,61],{"class":53},[39,135135,572],{"class":517},[39,135137,9454],{"class":521},[39,135139,562],{"class":517},[39,135141,3340],{"class":53},[39,135143,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135145,562],{"class":43044},[39,135147,1730],{"class":43048},[39,135149,562],{"class":43044},[39,135151,117],{"class":53},[39,135153,133115],{"class":120},[39,135155,124],{"class":53},[39,135157,3824],{"class":120},[39,135159,130],{"class":53},[39,135161,135162],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135163,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,135165,135166,135168,135170,135172],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,135167,137],{"class":136},[39,135169,124],{"class":53},[39,135171,3824],{"class":120},[39,135173,130],{"class":53},[20,135175,353],{},[30,135177,135178],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,135179,135180],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135181,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135183,3609],{"class":53},[39,135185,524],{"class":517},[39,135187,195],{"class":521},[39,135189,524],{"class":517},[39,135191,61],{"class":53},[39,135193,518],{"class":517},[39,135195,127],{"class":521},[39,135197,524],{"class":517},[39,135199,61],{"class":53},[39,135201,518],{"class":517},[39,135203,9454],{"class":521},[39,135205,524],{"class":517},[39,135207,3340],{"class":53},[20,135209,135210,135211,135213],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135212,133038],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[160,135215,135217,135219,135220],{"id":135216},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135218,133038],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135221,1767],{},[20,135223,10304,135224,4104,135226,135228],{},[15,135225,133038],{},[15,135227,1767],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[988,135230,154,135232,135234],{"id":135231},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135233,1767],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[30,135236,135238],{"className":32,"code":135237,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135239,135240,135253,135266,135286,135290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135241,135242,135245,135247,135249,135251],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135243,135244],{"class":45},"first ",[39,135246,50],{"class":49},[39,135248,572],{"class":517},[39,135250,34578],{"class":521},[39,135252,3062],{"class":517},[39,135254,135255,135258,135260,135262,135264],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135256,135257],{"class":45},"second ",[39,135259,50],{"class":49},[39,135261,572],{"class":517},[39,135263,89459],{"class":521},[39,135265,3062],{"class":517},[39,135267,135268,135270,135272,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135269,109],{"class":45},[39,135271,50],{"class":49},[39,135273,135274],{"class":45}," first ",[39,135276,1767],{"class":49},[39,135278,572],{"class":517},[39,135280,572],{"class":517},[39,135282,2161],{"class":49},[39,135284,135285],{"class":45}," second\n",[39,135287,135288],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,135289,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,135291,135292,135294,135296,135298],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,135293,137],{"class":136},[39,135295,124],{"class":53},[39,135297,142],{"class":120},[39,135299,130],{"class":53},[20,135301,353],{},[30,135303,135305],{"className":32,"code":135304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello World\n",[15,135306,135307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135308,135309],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135310,135304],{"class":45},[988,135312,154,135314,135316],{"id":135313},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135315,133038],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[30,135318,135320],{"className":32,"code":135319,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135321,135322,135364,135384,135388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135323,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135343,135345,135347,135349,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135325,3780],{"class":45},[39,135327,50],{"class":49},[39,135329,3327],{"class":53},[39,135331,562],{"class":517},[39,135333,7010],{"class":521},[39,135335,562],{"class":517},[39,135337,61],{"class":53},[39,135339,572],{"class":517},[39,135341,135342],{"class":521},"makes",[39,135344,562],{"class":517},[39,135346,61],{"class":53},[39,135348,572],{"class":517},[39,135350,135351],{"class":521},"this",[39,135353,562],{"class":517},[39,135355,61],{"class":53},[39,135357,572],{"class":517},[39,135359,133537],{"class":521},[39,135361,562],{"class":517},[39,135363,3340],{"class":53},[39,135365,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135367,109],{"class":45},[39,135369,50],{"class":49},[39,135371,572],{"class":517},[39,135373,572],{"class":517},[39,135375,117],{"class":53},[39,135377,133115],{"class":120},[39,135379,124],{"class":53},[39,135381,3824],{"class":120},[39,135383,130],{"class":53},[39,135385,135386],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135387,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,135389,135390,135392,135394,135396],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,135391,137],{"class":136},[39,135393,124],{"class":53},[39,135395,142],{"class":120},[39,135397,130],{"class":53},[20,135399,353],{},[30,135401,135403],{"className":32,"code":135402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135404,135405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135406,135407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135408,135402],{"class":45},[20,135410,135411,135413],{},[15,135412,133038],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[176,135415,135416,135419,135422],{},[179,135417,135418],{},"You already have a list of strings",[179,135420,135421],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[179,135423,135424,135425,135427],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135426,1767],{}," operators",[20,135429,135430,135431,117],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[195,135432,135434],{"href":135433},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[160,135436,135438],{"id":135437},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135440,8592,135441,135443],{},[15,135442,133038],{}," is not working, check these first:",[176,135445,135446,135449,135454,135463,135469],{},[179,135447,135448],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[179,135450,135451,135452],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135453,3484],{},[179,135455,135456,135457,10806,135460],{},"You may have written ",[15,135458,135459],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135461,135462],{},"string.join(...)",[179,135464,135465,135466,135468],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135467,133038],{}," to change the original iterable",[179,135470,135471],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135473,94099],{},[30,135475,135477],{"className":32,"code":135476,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135478,135479,135493,135503,135527,135567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135480,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135482,137],{"class":136},[39,135484,124],{"class":53},[39,135486,479],{"class":478},[39,135488,124],{"class":53},[39,135490,7525],{"class":120},[39,135492,486],{"class":53},[39,135494,135495,135497,135499,135501],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135496,137],{"class":136},[39,135498,124],{"class":53},[39,135500,7525],{"class":120},[39,135502,130],{"class":53},[39,135504,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135506,137],{"class":136},[39,135508,917],{"class":53},[39,135510,479],{"class":478},[39,135512,124],{"class":53},[39,135514,23017],{"class":120},[39,135516,3366],{"class":53},[39,135518,3585],{"class":3584},[39,135520,5674],{"class":120},[39,135522,3591],{"class":3584},[39,135524,5679],{"class":120},[39,135526,3597],{"class":53},[39,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,135530,137],{"class":136},[39,135532,124],{"class":53},[39,135534,524],{"class":517},[39,135536,518],{"class":517},[39,135538,117],{"class":53},[39,135540,133115],{"class":120},[39,135542,917],{"class":53},[39,135544,524],{"class":517},[39,135546,195],{"class":521},[39,135548,524],{"class":517},[39,135550,61],{"class":53},[39,135552,518],{"class":517},[39,135554,127],{"class":521},[39,135556,524],{"class":517},[39,135558,61],{"class":53},[39,135560,518],{"class":517},[39,135562,9454],{"class":521},[39,135564,524],{"class":517},[39,135566,2705],{"class":53},[39,135568,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,135570,137],{"class":136},[39,135572,124],{"class":53},[39,135574,524],{"class":517},[39,135576,1896],{"class":521},[39,135578,524],{"class":517},[39,135580,117],{"class":53},[39,135582,133115],{"class":120},[39,135584,124],{"class":53},[39,135586,39573],{"class":136},[39,135588,124],{"class":53},[39,135590,3147],{"class":478},[39,135592,61],{"class":53},[39,135594,3327],{"class":53},[39,135596,58],{"class":57},[39,135598,61],{"class":53},[39,135600,64],{"class":57},[39,135602,61],{"class":53},[39,135604,69],{"class":57},[39,135606,36978],{"class":53},[20,135608,135609],{},"What these checks do:",[176,135611,135612,135620,135626,135632,135641],{},[179,135613,135614,135617,135618,7813],{},[15,135615,135616],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135619,7525],{},[179,135621,135622,135625],{},[15,135623,135624],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[179,135627,135628,135631],{},[15,135629,135630],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[179,135633,135634,135637,135638,135640],{},[15,135635,135636],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135639,133038],{}," behavior",[179,135642,135643,135646],{},[15,135644,135645],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[160,135648,1563],{"id":1562},[988,135650,1567,135652,135654],{"id":135651},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135653,133038],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135656,135657,135658,135660,135661,117],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135659,133038],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135662,135663],{},"map(str, values)",[988,135665,1567,135667,56882],{"id":135666},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135668,133038],{},[20,135670,135671],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[988,135673,28037,135675,62355],{"id":135674},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135676,133038],{},[20,135678,41867,135679,135681],{},[15,135680,133038],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[988,135683,4853,135685,39674],{"id":135684},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135686,135687],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135689,135690],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[988,135692,135694,135695,135697,135698,2199],{"id":135693},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135696,2711],{}," when using ",[15,135699,133038],{},[20,135701,135702],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[160,135704,1613],{"id":1612},[176,135706,135707,135712,135718,135724,135730],{},[179,135708,135709],{},[195,135710,135711],{"href":135433},"How to join strings in Python",[179,135713,135714],{},[195,135715,125956,135716,1627],{"href":128643},[15,135717,60251],{},[179,135719,135720],{},[195,135721,13,135722,3213],{"href":41890},[15,135723,47400],{},[179,135725,135726],{},[195,135727,30056,135728],{"href":134876},[15,135729,134879],{},[179,135731,135732],{},[195,135733,124711],{"href":50693},[20,135735,97066,135736,135738],{},[15,135737,133038],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1642,135740,135741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":135743},[135744,135745,135747,135750,135757,135767,135775,135785,135792,135793,135805],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":133155,"depth":75,"text":135746},"What join() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":135748},[135749],{"id":48726,"depth":99,"text":48727},{"id":121486,"depth":75,"text":121487,"children":135751},[135752,135753,135754,135755],{"id":133502,"depth":99,"text":133503},{"id":133594,"depth":99,"text":133595},{"id":133695,"depth":99,"text":133696},{"id":133804,"depth":99,"text":135756},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133907,"depth":75,"text":133908,"children":135758},[135759,135761,135763,135765],{"id":133914,"depth":99,"text":135760},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133981,"depth":99,"text":135762},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134070,"depth":99,"text":135764},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134156,"depth":99,"text":135766},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134231,"depth":75,"text":134232,"children":135768},[135769,135770,135771,135773],{"id":134240,"depth":99,"text":134241},{"id":134323,"depth":99,"text":134324},{"id":134477,"depth":99,"text":135772},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134649,"depth":99,"text":135774},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134736,"depth":75,"text":135776,"children":135777},"Common errors with join()",[135778,135780,135782,135783],{"id":134745,"depth":99,"text":135779},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134882,"depth":99,"text":135781},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135026,"depth":99,"text":135027},{"id":135101,"depth":99,"text":135784},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135216,"depth":75,"text":135786,"children":135787},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135788,135790],{"id":135231,"depth":99,"text":135789},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135313,"depth":99,"text":135791},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135437,"depth":75,"text":135438},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":135794},[135795,135797,135799,135801,135803],{"id":135651,"depth":99,"text":135796},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135666,"depth":99,"text":135798},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135674,"depth":99,"text":135800},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135684,"depth":99,"text":135802},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135693,"depth":99,"text":135804},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133030,"description":135806},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135813,"title":135814,"body":135815,"description":137383,"extension":1670,"meta":137384,"navigation":102,"path":137385,"seo":137386,"stem":137387,"__hash__":137388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135816,"toc":137350},[135817,135822,135827,135829,135843,135888,135895,135900,135905,135907,135923,135932,135934,135936,135951,135953,135963,135965,136027,136029,136032,136093,136095,136111,136113,136126,136129,136176,136178,136184,136187,136190,136250,136258,136344,136348,136353,136355,136369,136372,136457,136460,136518,136529,136584,136586,136593,136599,136605,136649,136652,136699,136701,136703,136710,136712,136743,136746,136748,136779,136783,136786,136788,136828,136830,136873,136879,136884,136886,136913,136918,136921,136970,136974,136977,137052,137063,137066,137123,137130,137136,137144,137149,137156,137163,137181,137183,137237,137245,137247,137252,137255,137261,137267,137272,137275,137281,137287,137294,137302,137304,137347],[10,135818,122956,135820,18],{"id":135819},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135821,123686],{},[20,135823,122961,135824,135826],{},[15,135825,123686],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135828,23794],{},[176,135830,135831,135834,135837,135840],{},[179,135832,135833],{},"convert text to lowercase",[179,135835,135836],{},"compare text without case differences",[179,135838,135839],{},"clean up user input",[179,135841,135842],{},"make simple text matching easier",[30,135844,135846],{"className":32,"code":135845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135847,135848,135861,135875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135849,135850,135852,135854,135856,135859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135851,34398],{"class":45},[39,135853,50],{"class":49},[39,135855,572],{"class":517},[39,135857,135858],{"class":521},"Hello WORLD",[39,135860,3062],{"class":517},[39,135862,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135864,109],{"class":45},[39,135866,50],{"class":49},[39,135868,42557],{"class":45},[39,135870,117],{"class":53},[39,135872,8358],{"class":120},[39,135874,1609],{"class":53},[39,135876,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,135878,137],{"class":136},[39,135880,124],{"class":53},[39,135882,142],{"class":120},[39,135884,3366],{"class":53},[39,135886,135887],{"class":150},"  # hello world\n",[20,135889,135890,88682,135892,135894],{},[382,135891,83541],{},[15,135893,123686],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[160,135896,3383,135898,3386],{"id":135897},"what-lower-does",[15,135899,123686],{},[20,135901,135902,135904],{},[15,135903,123686],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135906,174],{},[176,135908,135909,135914,135917,135920],{},[179,135910,135911,135913],{},[15,135912,123686],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[179,135915,135916],{},"It works on string objects",[179,135918,135919],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[179,135921,135922],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135924,124708,135925,135929,135930,117],{},[195,135926,135928],{"href":135927},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[195,135931,50694],{"href":50693},[160,135933,202],{"id":201},[20,135935,1866],{},[30,135937,135939],{"className":32,"code":135938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.lower()\n",[15,135940,135941],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135942,135943,135945,135947,135949],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135944,60894],{"class":45},[39,135946,117],{"class":53},[39,135948,8358],{"class":120},[39,135950,1609],{"class":53},[20,135952,43365],{},[176,135954,135955,135957,135960],{},[179,135956,97243],{},[179,135958,135959],{},"You call it directly on a string",[179,135961,135962],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135964,267],{},[30,135966,135968],{"className":32,"code":135967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135969,135970,135993,135997,136010],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135971,135972,135974,135976,135978,135981,135983,135985,135987,135990],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135973,137],{"class":136},[39,135975,124],{"class":53},[39,135977,562],{"class":517},[39,135979,135980],{"class":521},"HELLO",[39,135982,562],{"class":517},[39,135984,117],{"class":53},[39,135986,8358],{"class":120},[39,135988,135989],{"class":53},"())",[39,135991,135992],{"class":150},"  # hello\n",[39,135994,135995],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,135996,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,135998,135999,136001,136003,136005,136008],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136000,7592],{"class":45},[39,136002,50],{"class":49},[39,136004,572],{"class":517},[39,136006,136007],{"class":521},"PyThOn",[39,136009,3062],{"class":517},[39,136011,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022,136024],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136013,137],{"class":136},[39,136015,124],{"class":53},[39,136017,7382],{"class":120},[39,136019,117],{"class":53},[39,136021,8358],{"class":120},[39,136023,135989],{"class":53},[39,136025,136026],{"class":150},"  # python\n",[160,136028,542],{"id":541},[20,136030,136031],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[30,136033,136035],{"className":32,"code":136034,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136036,136037,136049,136053,136068,136072,136083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136038,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136040,34398],{"class":45},[39,136042,50],{"class":49},[39,136044,572],{"class":517},[39,136046,135858],{"class":521},[39,136048,3062],{"class":517},[39,136050,136051],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136052,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136054,136055,136058,136060,136062,136064,136066],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136056,136057],{"class":45},"lower_text ",[39,136059,50],{"class":49},[39,136061,42557],{"class":45},[39,136063,117],{"class":53},[39,136065,8358],{"class":120},[39,136067,1609],{"class":53},[39,136069,136070],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136071,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136073,136074,136076,136078,136081],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,136075,137],{"class":136},[39,136077,124],{"class":53},[39,136079,136080],{"class":120},"lower_text",[39,136082,130],{"class":53},[39,136084,136085,136087,136089,136091],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,136086,137],{"class":136},[39,136088,124],{"class":53},[39,136090,34419],{"class":120},[39,136092,130],{"class":53},[20,136094,353],{},[30,136096,136098],{"className":32,"code":136097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136099,136100,136104],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136101,136102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136103,133972],{"class":45},[39,136105,136106,136108],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136107,131372],{"class":45},[39,136109,136110],{"class":34163},"WORLD\n",[20,136112,24314],{},[176,136114,136115,136120],{},[179,136116,136117,136119],{},[15,136118,123686],{}," returns the lowercase result",[179,136121,136122,136123,136125],{},"the original ",[15,136124,34419],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136127,136128],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[30,136130,136132],{"className":32,"code":136131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136133,136134,136146,136160,136164],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136135,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136137,34398],{"class":45},[39,136139,50],{"class":49},[39,136141,572],{"class":517},[39,136143,135858],{"class":521},[39,136145,3062],{"class":517},[39,136147,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156,136158],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136149,34398],{"class":45},[39,136151,50],{"class":49},[39,136153,42557],{"class":45},[39,136155,117],{"class":53},[39,136157,8358],{"class":120},[39,136159,1609],{"class":53},[39,136161,136162],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136163,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136165,136166,136168,136170,136172,136174],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136167,137],{"class":136},[39,136169,124],{"class":53},[39,136171,34419],{"class":120},[39,136173,3366],{"class":53},[39,136175,135887],{"class":150},[160,136177,375],{"id":374},[20,136179,136180,380,136182,117],{},[15,136181,123686],{},[382,136183,60894],{},[20,136185,136186],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136188,136189],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[30,136191,136193],{"className":32,"code":136192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136194,136195,136209,136213,136236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136196,136197,136200,136202,136204,136207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136198,136199],{"class":45},"answer ",[39,136201,50],{"class":49},[39,136203,572],{"class":517},[39,136205,136206],{"class":521},"YES",[39,136208,3062],{"class":517},[39,136210,136211],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136212,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136214,136215,136217,136220,136222,136224,136226,136228,136230,136232,136234],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136216,6710],{"class":3584},[39,136218,136219],{"class":45}," answer",[39,136221,117],{"class":53},[39,136223,8358],{"class":120},[39,136225,7079],{"class":53},[39,136227,6122],{"class":49},[39,136229,572],{"class":517},[39,136231,8375],{"class":521},[39,136233,562],{"class":517},[39,136235,6107],{"class":53},[39,136237,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246,136248],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136239,7785],{"class":136},[39,136241,124],{"class":53},[39,136243,562],{"class":517},[39,136245,96553],{"class":521},[39,136247,562],{"class":517},[39,136249,130],{"class":53},[20,136251,136252,136253,1250],{},"This is especially useful with ",[195,136254,136255,136256,2009],{"href":7936},"the ",[15,136257,2665],{},[30,136259,136261],{"className":32,"code":136260,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136262,136263,136282,136286,136308,136323,136329],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136264,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136278,136280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136266,136199],{"class":45},[39,136268,50],{"class":49},[39,136270,7959],{"class":136},[39,136272,124],{"class":53},[39,136274,562],{"class":517},[39,136276,136277],{"class":521},"Type yes or no: ",[39,136279,562],{"class":517},[39,136281,130],{"class":53},[39,136283,136284],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136285,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136287,136288,136290,136292,136294,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304,136306],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136289,6710],{"class":3584},[39,136291,136219],{"class":45},[39,136293,117],{"class":53},[39,136295,8358],{"class":120},[39,136297,7079],{"class":53},[39,136299,6122],{"class":49},[39,136301,572],{"class":517},[39,136303,8375],{"class":521},[39,136305,562],{"class":517},[39,136307,6107],{"class":53},[39,136309,136310,136312,136314,136316,136319,136321],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136311,7785],{"class":136},[39,136313,124],{"class":53},[39,136315,562],{"class":517},[39,136317,136318],{"class":521},"You typed yes",[39,136320,562],{"class":517},[39,136322,130],{"class":53},[39,136324,136325,136327],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,136326,27142],{"class":3584},[39,136328,6107],{"class":53},[39,136330,136331,136333,136335,136337,136340,136342],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,136332,7785],{"class":136},[39,136334,124],{"class":53},[39,136336,562],{"class":517},[39,136338,136339],{"class":521},"You typed something else",[39,136341,562],{"class":517},[39,136343,130],{"class":53},[160,136345,136347],{"id":136346},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136349,136350,136352],{},[15,136351,123686],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136354,7056],{},[176,136356,136357,136360,136363,136366],{},[179,136358,136359],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[179,136361,136362],{},"Make text matching easier",[179,136364,136365],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[179,136367,136368],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136370,136371],{},"Example: checking user input",[30,136373,136375],{"className":32,"code":136374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136376,136377,136395,136399,136421,136436,136442],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136378,136379,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136380,44674],{"class":45},[39,136382,50],{"class":49},[39,136384,7959],{"class":136},[39,136386,124],{"class":53},[39,136388,562],{"class":517},[39,136390,44685],{"class":521},[39,136392,562],{"class":517},[39,136394,130],{"class":53},[39,136396,136397],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136398,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136400,136401,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417,136419],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136402,6710],{"class":3584},[39,136404,35563],{"class":45},[39,136406,117],{"class":53},[39,136408,8358],{"class":120},[39,136410,7079],{"class":53},[39,136412,6122],{"class":49},[39,136414,572],{"class":517},[39,136416,575],{"class":521},[39,136418,562],{"class":517},[39,136420,6107],{"class":53},[39,136422,136423,136425,136427,136429,136432,136434],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136424,7785],{"class":136},[39,136426,124],{"class":53},[39,136428,562],{"class":517},[39,136430,136431],{"class":521},"Nice choice!",[39,136433,562],{"class":517},[39,136435,130],{"class":53},[39,136437,136438,136440],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,136439,27142],{"class":3584},[39,136441,6107],{"class":53},[39,136443,136444,136446,136448,136450,136453,136455],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,136445,7785],{"class":136},[39,136447,124],{"class":53},[39,136449,562],{"class":517},[39,136451,136452],{"class":521},"Got it.",[39,136454,562],{"class":517},[39,136456,130],{"class":53},[20,136458,136459],{},"Example: simple search",[30,136461,136463],{"className":32,"code":136462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136464,136465,136478,136482,136503],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136466,136467,136469,136471,136473,136476],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136468,89726],{"class":45},[39,136470,50],{"class":49},[39,136472,572],{"class":517},[39,136474,136475],{"class":521},"Python Is Fun",[39,136477,3062],{"class":517},[39,136479,136480],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136481,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492,136494,136497,136499,136501],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136485,6710],{"class":3584},[39,136487,572],{"class":517},[39,136489,34],{"class":521},[39,136491,562],{"class":517},[39,136493,20881],{"class":49},[39,136495,136496],{"class":45}," message",[39,136498,117],{"class":53},[39,136500,8358],{"class":120},[39,136502,21303],{"class":53},[39,136504,136505,136507,136509,136511,136514,136516],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136506,7785],{"class":136},[39,136508,124],{"class":53},[39,136510,562],{"class":517},[39,136512,136513],{"class":521},"Found it",[39,136515,562],{"class":517},[39,136517,130],{"class":53},[20,136519,136520,136521,136523,136524,1250],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136522,123686],{}," is often used with ",[195,136525,136527],{"href":136526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136528,41368],{},[30,136530,136532],{"className":32,"code":136531,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136533,136534,136547,136566,136570],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136535,136536,136538,136540,136542,136545],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136537,7592],{"class":45},[39,136539,50],{"class":49},[39,136541,572],{"class":517},[39,136543,136544],{"class":521},"  ALICE  ",[39,136546,3062],{"class":517},[39,136548,136549,136552,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136550,136551],{"class":45},"clean_name ",[39,136553,50],{"class":49},[39,136555,35704],{"class":45},[39,136557,117],{"class":53},[39,136559,8352],{"class":120},[39,136561,8355],{"class":53},[39,136563,8358],{"class":120},[39,136565,1609],{"class":53},[39,136567,136568],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136569,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136571,136572,136574,136576,136579,136581],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136573,137],{"class":136},[39,136575,124],{"class":53},[39,136577,136578],{"class":120},"clean_name",[39,136580,3366],{"class":53},[39,136582,136583],{"class":150},"  # alice\n",[160,136585,15306],{"id":15305},[20,136587,136588,136589,136592],{},"Strings are ",[382,136590,136591],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136594,136595,136596,136598],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136597,123686],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136600,136601,136602,136604],{},"So this does ",[382,136603,4340],{}," update the original variable:",[30,136606,136608],{"className":32,"code":136607,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136609,136610,136622,136632,136636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136611,136612,136614,136616,136618,136620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136613,34398],{"class":45},[39,136615,50],{"class":49},[39,136617,572],{"class":517},[39,136619,135980],{"class":521},[39,136621,3062],{"class":517},[39,136623,136624,136626,136628,136630],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136625,34419],{"class":45},[39,136627,117],{"class":53},[39,136629,8358],{"class":120},[39,136631,1609],{"class":53},[39,136633,136634],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136635,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136637,136638,136640,136642,136644,136646],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136639,137],{"class":136},[39,136641,124],{"class":53},[39,136643,34419],{"class":120},[39,136645,3366],{"class":53},[39,136647,136648],{"class":150},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136650,136651],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[30,136653,136655],{"className":32,"code":136654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136656,136657,136669,136683,136687],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136658,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136660,34398],{"class":45},[39,136662,50],{"class":49},[39,136664,572],{"class":517},[39,136666,135980],{"class":521},[39,136668,3062],{"class":517},[39,136670,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136672,34398],{"class":45},[39,136674,50],{"class":49},[39,136676,42557],{"class":45},[39,136678,117],{"class":53},[39,136680,8358],{"class":120},[39,136682,1609],{"class":53},[39,136684,136685],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136686,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136688,136689,136691,136693,136695,136697],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136690,137],{"class":136},[39,136692,124],{"class":53},[39,136694,34419],{"class":120},[39,136696,3366],{"class":53},[39,136698,135992],{"class":150},[160,136700,2537],{"id":2536},[988,136702,25395],{"id":25394},[20,136704,136705,136706,10806,136708,117],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136707,8358],{},[15,136709,123686],{},[20,136711,16353],{},[30,136713,136715],{"className":32,"code":136714,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136716,136717,136729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136718,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136720,34398],{"class":45},[39,136722,50],{"class":49},[39,136724,572],{"class":517},[39,136726,135980],{"class":521},[39,136728,3062],{"class":517},[39,136730,136731,136733,136735,136737,136739,136741],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136732,137],{"class":136},[39,136734,124],{"class":53},[39,136736,34419],{"class":120},[39,136738,117],{"class":53},[39,136740,8358],{"class":24457},[39,136742,130],{"class":53},[20,136744,136745],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136747,16365],{},[30,136749,136751],{"className":32,"code":136750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136752,136753,136765],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136754,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136756,34398],{"class":45},[39,136758,50],{"class":49},[39,136760,572],{"class":517},[39,136762,135980],{"class":521},[39,136764,3062],{"class":517},[39,136766,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775,136777],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136768,137],{"class":136},[39,136770,124],{"class":53},[39,136772,34419],{"class":120},[39,136774,117],{"class":53},[39,136776,8358],{"class":120},[39,136778,6907],{"class":53},[988,136780,136782],{"id":136781},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136784,136785],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136787,16353],{},[30,136789,136791],{"className":32,"code":136790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136792,136793,136805,136815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136794,136795,136797,136799,136801,136803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136796,34398],{"class":45},[39,136798,50],{"class":49},[39,136800,572],{"class":517},[39,136802,135980],{"class":521},[39,136804,3062],{"class":517},[39,136806,136807,136809,136811,136813],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136808,34419],{"class":45},[39,136810,117],{"class":53},[39,136812,8358],{"class":120},[39,136814,1609],{"class":53},[39,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136818,137],{"class":136},[39,136820,124],{"class":53},[39,136822,34419],{"class":120},[39,136824,3366],{"class":53},[39,136826,136827],{"class":150},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136829,16365],{},[30,136831,136833],{"className":32,"code":136832,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136834,136835,136847,136861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136838,34398],{"class":45},[39,136840,50],{"class":49},[39,136842,572],{"class":517},[39,136844,135980],{"class":521},[39,136846,3062],{"class":517},[39,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857,136859],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136850,34398],{"class":45},[39,136852,50],{"class":49},[39,136854,42557],{"class":45},[39,136856,117],{"class":53},[39,136858,8358],{"class":120},[39,136860,1609],{"class":53},[39,136862,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136864,137],{"class":136},[39,136866,124],{"class":53},[39,136868,34419],{"class":120},[39,136870,3366],{"class":53},[39,136872,135992],{"class":150},[988,136874,718,136876,136878],{"id":136875},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136877,123686],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136880,136881,136883],{},[15,136882,123686],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136885,16353],{},[30,136887,136889],{"className":32,"code":136888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136890,136891,136899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136892,136893,136895,136897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136894,1924],{"class":45},[39,136896,50],{"class":49},[39,136898,124638],{"class":57},[39,136900,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136902,137],{"class":136},[39,136904,124],{"class":53},[39,136906,1946],{"class":120},[39,136908,117],{"class":53},[39,136910,8358],{"class":120},[39,136912,6907],{"class":53},[20,136914,136915,136916,33310],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136917,123686],{},[20,136919,136920],{},"You can check the type first:",[30,136922,136924],{"className":32,"code":136923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136925,136926,136938,136942,136956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136927,136928,136930,136932,136934,136936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136929,34398],{"class":45},[39,136931,50],{"class":49},[39,136933,572],{"class":517},[39,136935,135980],{"class":521},[39,136937,3062],{"class":517},[39,136939,136940],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136941,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,136943,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,136945,137],{"class":136},[39,136947,124],{"class":53},[39,136949,479],{"class":478},[39,136951,124],{"class":53},[39,136953,34419],{"class":120},[39,136955,486],{"class":53},[39,136957,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966,136968],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,136959,137],{"class":136},[39,136961,124],{"class":53},[39,136963,34419],{"class":120},[39,136965,117],{"class":53},[39,136967,8358],{"class":120},[39,136969,6907],{"class":53},[988,136971,136973],{"id":136972},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136975,136976],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[30,136978,136980],{"className":32,"code":136979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136981,136982,136995,136999,137016,137031,137037],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136983,136984,136986,136988,136990,136993],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136985,136199],{"class":45},[39,136987,50],{"class":49},[39,136989,572],{"class":517},[39,136991,136992],{"class":521},"Yes",[39,136994,3062],{"class":517},[39,136996,136997],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,136998,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137000,137001,137003,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137002,6710],{"class":3584},[39,137004,137005],{"class":45}," answer ",[39,137007,4398],{"class":49},[39,137009,572],{"class":517},[39,137011,8375],{"class":521},[39,137013,562],{"class":517},[39,137015,6107],{"class":53},[39,137017,137018,137020,137022,137024,137027,137029],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137019,7785],{"class":136},[39,137021,124],{"class":53},[39,137023,562],{"class":517},[39,137025,137026],{"class":521},"Match",[39,137028,562],{"class":517},[39,137030,130],{"class":53},[39,137032,137033,137035],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,137034,27142],{"class":3584},[39,137036,6107],{"class":53},[39,137038,137039,137041,137043,137045,137048,137050],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,137040,7785],{"class":136},[39,137042,124],{"class":53},[39,137044,562],{"class":517},[39,137046,137047],{"class":521},"No match",[39,137049,562],{"class":517},[39,137051,130],{"class":53},[20,137053,28770,137054,4104,137057,137060,137061,117],{},[15,137055,137056],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137058,137059],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137062,137047],{},[20,137064,137065],{},"Better:",[30,137067,137069],{"className":32,"code":137068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137070,137071,137083,137087,137109],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137072,137073,137075,137077,137079,137081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137074,136199],{"class":45},[39,137076,50],{"class":49},[39,137078,572],{"class":517},[39,137080,136992],{"class":521},[39,137082,3062],{"class":517},[39,137084,137085],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137086,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137088,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137090,6710],{"class":3584},[39,137092,136219],{"class":45},[39,137094,117],{"class":53},[39,137096,8358],{"class":120},[39,137098,7079],{"class":53},[39,137100,6122],{"class":49},[39,137102,572],{"class":517},[39,137104,8375],{"class":521},[39,137106,562],{"class":517},[39,137108,6107],{"class":53},[39,137110,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137112,7785],{"class":136},[39,137114,124],{"class":53},[39,137116,562],{"class":517},[39,137118,137026],{"class":521},[39,137120,562],{"class":517},[39,137122,130],{"class":53},[988,137124,43928,137126,137129],{"id":137125},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137127,137128],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137131,137132,137133,137135],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137134,123686],{}," is enough.",[20,137137,137138,137139,137141,137142,117],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137140,137128],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137143,123686],{},[20,137145,137146,137147,122198],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137148,123686],{},[160,137150,137152,980,137154],{"id":137151},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137153,123686],{},[15,137155,127834],{},[20,137157,137158,4104,137160,137162],{},[15,137159,123686],{},[15,137161,127834],{}," are very similar.",[176,137164,137165,137170,137175,137178],{},[179,137166,137167,137169],{},[15,137168,123686],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[179,137171,137172,137174],{},[15,137173,127834],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[179,137176,137177],{},"Both return new strings",[179,137179,137180],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137182,267],{},[30,137184,137186],{"className":32,"code":137185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137187,137188,137200,137204,137220],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137189,137190,137192,137194,137196,137198],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137191,34398],{"class":45},[39,137193,50],{"class":49},[39,137195,572],{"class":517},[39,137197,128675],{"class":521},[39,137199,3062],{"class":517},[39,137201,137202],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137203,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137205,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216,137218],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137207,137],{"class":136},[39,137209,124],{"class":53},[39,137211,34419],{"class":120},[39,137213,117],{"class":53},[39,137215,8358],{"class":120},[39,137217,135989],{"class":53},[39,137219,135887],{"class":150},[39,137221,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137223,137],{"class":136},[39,137225,124],{"class":53},[39,137227,34419],{"class":120},[39,137229,117],{"class":53},[39,137231,34188],{"class":120},[39,137233,135989],{"class":53},[39,137235,137236],{"class":150},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137238,137239,137240,117],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[195,137241,125956,137243,1627],{"href":137242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137244,127834],{},[160,137246,1563],{"id":1562},[988,137248,1567,137250,124283],{"id":137249},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137251,123686],{},[20,137253,137254],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[988,137256,1567,137258,137260],{"id":137257},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137259,123686],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137262,137263,137264,117],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137265,137266],{},"string.lower()",[988,137268,4853,137270,12428],{"id":137269},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137271,123686],{},[20,137273,137274],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[988,137276,28037,137278,137280],{"id":137277},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137279,123686],{}," on user input?",[20,137282,137283,137284,137286],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137285,2665],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[988,137288,4890,137290,4104,137292,2199],{"id":137289},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137291,123686],{},[15,137293,137128],{},[20,137295,137296,137298,137299,137301],{},[15,137297,123686],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137300,137128],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[160,137303,1613],{"id":1612},[176,137305,137306,137310,137316,137322,137328,137332,137336,137342],{},[179,137307,137308],{},[195,137309,50694],{"href":50693},[179,137311,137312],{},[195,137313,125956,137314,1627],{"href":137242},[15,137315,127834],{},[179,137317,137318],{},[195,137319,125956,137320,1627],{"href":136526},[15,137321,41368],{},[179,137323,137324],{},[195,137325,125956,137326,1627],{"href":129537},[15,137327,124127],{},[179,137329,137330],{},[195,137331,124355],{"href":123211},[179,137333,137334],{},[195,137335,90402],{"href":89411},[179,137337,137338],{},[195,137339,13,137340,3213],{"href":7936},[15,137341,2665],{},[179,137343,137344],{},[195,137345,137346],{"href":135927},"What is a string in Python?",[1642,137348,137349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":137351},[137352,137354,137355,137356,137357,137358,137359,137368,137370,137382],{"id":135897,"depth":75,"text":137353},"What lower() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":136346,"depth":75,"text":136347},{"id":15305,"depth":75,"text":15306},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":137360},[137361,137362,137363,137365,137366],{"id":25394,"depth":99,"text":25395},{"id":136781,"depth":99,"text":136782},{"id":136875,"depth":99,"text":137364},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136972,"depth":99,"text":136973},{"id":137125,"depth":99,"text":137367},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137151,"depth":75,"text":137369},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":137371},[137372,137374,137376,137378,137380],{"id":137249,"depth":99,"text":137373},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137257,"depth":99,"text":137375},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137269,"depth":99,"text":137377},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137277,"depth":99,"text":137379},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137289,"depth":99,"text":137381},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135814,"description":137383},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137390,"title":137391,"body":137392,"description":138942,"extension":1670,"meta":138943,"navigation":102,"path":138944,"seo":138945,"stem":138946,"__hash__":138947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137393,"toc":138903},[137394,137399,137404,137410,137425,137427,137487,137489,137498,137504,137509,137514,137516,137530,137534,137536,137583,137585,137603,137605,137608,137679,137681,137695,137698,137710,137719,137723,137728,137733,137737,137803,137805,137814,137818,137883,137885,137894,137897,137902,137906,137911,137915,137976,137978,137987,137991,137994,138050,138052,138061,138064,138077,138079,138083,138090,138152,138154,138167,138173,138176,138183,138188,138193,138196,138204,138206,138267,138269,138278,138281,138328,138331,138378,138380,138385,138402,138409,138414,138467,138469,138477,138479,138536,138538,138546,138550,138597,138599,138607,138615,138619,138667,138669,138678,138683,138734,138736,138745,138752,138755,138776,138778,138783,138786,138790,138793,138797,138800,138827,138833,138836,138863,138868,138870,138872,138900],[10,137395,122956,137397,18],{"id":137396},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137398,124127],{},[20,137400,122961,137401,137403],{},[15,137402,124127],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137405,137406,137407,137409],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137408,124127],{},". You will learn:",[176,137411,137412,137416,137419,137422],{},[179,137413,25727,137414,3386],{},[15,137415,124127],{},[179,137417,137418],{},"how its syntax works",[179,137420,137421],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[179,137423,137424],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[160,137426,1711],{"id":1710},[30,137428,137430],{"className":32,"code":137429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137431,137432,137445,137477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137433,137434,137436,137438,137440,137443],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137435,34398],{"class":45},[39,137437,50],{"class":49},[39,137439,572],{"class":517},[39,137441,137442],{"class":521},"I like cats",[39,137444,3062],{"class":517},[39,137446,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459,137461,137464,137466,137468,137470,137473,137475],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137448,129795],{"class":45},[39,137450,50],{"class":49},[39,137452,42557],{"class":45},[39,137454,117],{"class":53},[39,137456,34710],{"class":120},[39,137458,124],{"class":53},[39,137460,562],{"class":517},[39,137462,137463],{"class":521},"cats",[39,137465,562],{"class":517},[39,137467,61],{"class":53},[39,137469,572],{"class":517},[39,137471,137472],{"class":521},"dogs",[39,137474,562],{"class":517},[39,137476,130],{"class":53},[39,137478,137479,137481,137483,137485],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137480,137],{"class":136},[39,137482,124],{"class":53},[39,137484,129826],{"class":120},[39,137486,130],{"class":53},[20,137488,353],{},[30,137490,137492],{"className":32,"code":137491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like dogs\n",[15,137493,137494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137495,137496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137497,137491],{"class":45},[20,137499,154,137500,137503],{},[15,137501,137502],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[160,137505,3383,137507,3386],{"id":137506},"what-replace-does",[15,137508,124127],{},[20,137510,137511,137513],{},[15,137512,124127],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137515,174],{},[176,137517,137518,137520,137522,137525],{},[179,137519,133204],{},[179,137521,135922],{},[179,137523,137524],{},"It works on exact matches",[179,137526,137527,137528],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137529,40974],{},[20,137531,124708,137532,117],{},[195,137533,124711],{"href":50693},[160,137535,5143],{"id":5142},[30,137537,137539],{"className":32,"code":137538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137540,137541,137561],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137542,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137554,137556,137559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137544,60894],{"class":45},[39,137546,117],{"class":53},[39,137548,34710],{"class":120},[39,137550,124],{"class":53},[39,137552,137553],{"class":120},"old",[39,137555,61],{"class":53},[39,137557,137558],{"class":120}," new",[39,137560,130],{"class":53},[39,137562,137563,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137564,60894],{"class":45},[39,137566,117],{"class":53},[39,137568,34710],{"class":120},[39,137570,124],{"class":53},[39,137572,137553],{"class":120},[39,137574,61],{"class":53},[39,137576,137558],{"class":120},[39,137578,61],{"class":53},[39,137580,49319],{"class":120},[39,137582,130],{"class":53},[988,137584,17104],{"id":17103},[176,137586,137587,137592,137598],{},[179,137588,137589,137591],{},[15,137590,137553],{}," = the text to find",[179,137593,137594,137597],{},[15,137595,137596],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[179,137599,137600,137602],{},[15,137601,40974],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[160,137604,5500],{"id":5499},[20,137606,137607],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[30,137609,137611],{"className":32,"code":137610,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137612,137613,137625,137655,137659,137669],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137614,137615,137617,137619,137621,137623],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137616,34398],{"class":45},[39,137618,50],{"class":49},[39,137620,572],{"class":517},[39,137622,137442],{"class":521},[39,137624,3062],{"class":517},[39,137626,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647,137649,137651,137653],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137628,129795],{"class":45},[39,137630,50],{"class":49},[39,137632,42557],{"class":45},[39,137634,117],{"class":53},[39,137636,34710],{"class":120},[39,137638,124],{"class":53},[39,137640,562],{"class":517},[39,137642,137463],{"class":521},[39,137644,562],{"class":517},[39,137646,61],{"class":53},[39,137648,572],{"class":517},[39,137650,137472],{"class":521},[39,137652,562],{"class":517},[39,137654,130],{"class":53},[39,137656,137657],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137658,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137660,137661,137663,137665,137667],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137662,137],{"class":136},[39,137664,124],{"class":53},[39,137666,34419],{"class":120},[39,137668,130],{"class":53},[39,137670,137671,137673,137675,137677],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,137672,137],{"class":136},[39,137674,124],{"class":53},[39,137676,129826],{"class":120},[39,137678,130],{"class":53},[20,137680,353],{},[30,137682,137684],{"className":32,"code":137683,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137685,137686,137691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137687,137688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137689,137690],{"class":45},"I like cats\n",[39,137692,137693],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137694,137491],{"class":45},[20,137696,137697],{},"Notice what happened:",[176,137699,137700,137705],{},[179,137701,137702,137704],{},[15,137703,34419],{}," did not change",[179,137706,137707,137709],{},[15,137708,129826],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137711,137712,137713,137715,137716,137718],{},"This happens because strings are ",[382,137714,136591],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137717,124127],{}," return a new string instead.",[160,137720,137722],{"id":137721},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137724,89420,137725,137727],{},[15,137726,124127],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137729,137730,137731,36335],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137732,40974],{},[988,137734,137736],{"id":137735},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[30,137738,137740],{"className":32,"code":137739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137741,137742,137755,137789,137793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137743,137744,137746,137748,137750,137753],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137745,34398],{"class":45},[39,137747,50],{"class":49},[39,137749,572],{"class":517},[39,137751,137752],{"class":521},"cat cat cat",[39,137754,3062],{"class":517},[39,137756,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137758,109],{"class":45},[39,137760,50],{"class":49},[39,137762,42557],{"class":45},[39,137764,117],{"class":53},[39,137766,34710],{"class":120},[39,137768,124],{"class":53},[39,137770,562],{"class":517},[39,137772,36761],{"class":521},[39,137774,562],{"class":517},[39,137776,61],{"class":53},[39,137778,572],{"class":517},[39,137780,57846],{"class":521},[39,137782,562],{"class":517},[39,137784,61],{"class":53},[39,137786,5210],{"class":57},[39,137788,130],{"class":53},[39,137790,137791],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137792,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137794,137795,137797,137799,137801],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137796,137],{"class":136},[39,137798,124],{"class":53},[39,137800,142],{"class":120},[39,137802,130],{"class":53},[20,137804,353],{},[30,137806,137808],{"className":32,"code":137807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137809,137810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137811,137812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137813,137807],{"class":45},[988,137815,137817],{"id":137816},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[30,137819,137821],{"className":32,"code":137820,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137822,137823,137835,137869,137873],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137824,137825,137827,137829,137831,137833],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137826,34398],{"class":45},[39,137828,50],{"class":49},[39,137830,572],{"class":517},[39,137832,137752],{"class":521},[39,137834,3062],{"class":517},[39,137836,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137838,109],{"class":45},[39,137840,50],{"class":49},[39,137842,42557],{"class":45},[39,137844,117],{"class":53},[39,137846,34710],{"class":120},[39,137848,124],{"class":53},[39,137850,562],{"class":517},[39,137852,36761],{"class":521},[39,137854,562],{"class":517},[39,137856,61],{"class":53},[39,137858,572],{"class":517},[39,137860,57846],{"class":521},[39,137862,562],{"class":517},[39,137864,61],{"class":53},[39,137866,64],{"class":57},[39,137868,130],{"class":53},[39,137870,137871],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137872,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137874,137875,137877,137879,137881],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137876,137],{"class":136},[39,137878,124],{"class":53},[39,137880,142],{"class":120},[39,137882,130],{"class":53},[20,137884,353],{},[30,137886,137888],{"className":32,"code":137887,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137889,137890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137891,137892],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137893,137887],{"class":45},[20,137895,137896],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137898,137899,137900,117],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[195,137901,127680],{"href":124124},[160,137903,137905],{"id":137904},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137907,137908,137910],{},[15,137909,124127],{}," can also change single characters.",[988,137912,137914],{"id":137913},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[30,137916,137918],{"className":32,"code":137917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137919,137920,137932,137962,137966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137921,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137923,34398],{"class":45},[39,137925,50],{"class":49},[39,137927,572],{"class":517},[39,137929,3798],{"class":521},[39,137931,3062],{"class":517},[39,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,137935,109],{"class":45},[39,137937,50],{"class":49},[39,137939,42557],{"class":45},[39,137941,117],{"class":53},[39,137943,34710],{"class":120},[39,137945,124],{"class":53},[39,137947,562],{"class":517},[39,137949,195],{"class":521},[39,137951,562],{"class":517},[39,137953,61],{"class":53},[39,137955,572],{"class":517},[39,137957,60193],{"class":521},[39,137959,562],{"class":517},[39,137961,130],{"class":53},[39,137963,137964],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,137965,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,137967,137968,137970,137972,137974],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,137969,137],{"class":136},[39,137971,124],{"class":53},[39,137973,142],{"class":120},[39,137975,130],{"class":53},[20,137977,353],{},[30,137979,137981],{"className":32,"code":137980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bonono\n",[15,137982,137983],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137984,137985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137986,137980],{"class":45},[988,137988,137990],{"id":137989},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137992,137993],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[30,137995,137997],{"className":32,"code":137996,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137998,137999,138012,138036,138040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138000,138001,138003,138005,138007,138010],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138002,34398],{"class":45},[39,138004,50],{"class":49},[39,138006,572],{"class":517},[39,138008,138009],{"class":521},"a b c",[39,138011,3062],{"class":517},[39,138013,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032,138034],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138015,109],{"class":45},[39,138017,50],{"class":49},[39,138019,42557],{"class":45},[39,138021,117],{"class":53},[39,138023,34710],{"class":120},[39,138025,124],{"class":53},[39,138027,562],{"class":517},[39,138029,572],{"class":517},[39,138031,61],{"class":53},[39,138033,5840],{"class":517},[39,138035,130],{"class":53},[39,138037,138038],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,138039,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,138041,138042,138044,138046,138048],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,138043,137],{"class":136},[39,138045,124],{"class":53},[39,138047,142],{"class":120},[39,138049,130],{"class":53},[20,138051,353],{},[30,138053,138055],{"className":32,"code":138054,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abc\n",[15,138056,138057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138058,138059],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138060,138054],{"class":45},[20,138062,138063],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138065,138066,138067,138071,138072,138076],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[195,138068,125956,138069,1627],{"href":128643},[15,138070,60251],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[195,138073,125956,138074,1627],{"href":136526},[15,138075,41368],{}," is often a better choice.",[160,138078,123603],{"id":123602},[20,138080,138081,123414],{},[15,138082,124127],{},[20,138084,127001,138085,4104,138087,127008],{},[15,138086,112640],{},[15,138088,138089],{},"\"Cat\"",[30,138091,138093],{"className":32,"code":138092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138094,138095,138108,138138,138142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138096,138097,138099,138101,138103,138106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138098,34398],{"class":45},[39,138100,50],{"class":49},[39,138102,572],{"class":517},[39,138104,138105],{"class":521},"Cat cat CAT",[39,138107,3062],{"class":517},[39,138109,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138111,109],{"class":45},[39,138113,50],{"class":49},[39,138115,42557],{"class":45},[39,138117,117],{"class":53},[39,138119,34710],{"class":120},[39,138121,124],{"class":53},[39,138123,562],{"class":517},[39,138125,36761],{"class":521},[39,138127,562],{"class":517},[39,138129,61],{"class":53},[39,138131,572],{"class":517},[39,138133,57846],{"class":521},[39,138135,562],{"class":517},[39,138137,130],{"class":53},[39,138139,138140],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,138141,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,138143,138144,138146,138148,138150],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,138145,137],{"class":136},[39,138147,124],{"class":53},[39,138149,142],{"class":120},[39,138151,130],{"class":53},[20,138153,353],{},[30,138155,138157],{"className":32,"code":138156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138158,138159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138160,138161,138164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138162,138163],{"class":45},"Cat dog ",[39,138165,138166],{"class":34163},"CAT\n",[20,138168,138169,138170,138172],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138171,112640],{}," was replaced.",[20,138174,138175],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138177,138178,138179,117],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[195,138180,125956,138181,1627],{"href":123683},[15,138182,123686],{},[160,138184,3383,138186,11417],{"id":138185},"what-replace-returns",[15,138187,124127],{},[20,138189,138190,138192],{},[15,138191,124127],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138194,138195],{},"If no match is found:",[176,138197,138198,138201],{},[179,138199,138200],{},"no error happens",[179,138202,138203],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138205,267],{},[30,138207,138209],{"className":32,"code":138208,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138210,138211,138223,138253,138257],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138212,138213,138215,138217,138219,138221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138214,34398],{"class":45},[39,138216,50],{"class":49},[39,138218,572],{"class":517},[39,138220,3552],{"class":521},[39,138222,3062],{"class":517},[39,138224,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138226,109],{"class":45},[39,138228,50],{"class":49},[39,138230,42557],{"class":45},[39,138232,117],{"class":53},[39,138234,34710],{"class":120},[39,138236,124],{"class":53},[39,138238,562],{"class":517},[39,138240,1880],{"class":521},[39,138242,562],{"class":517},[39,138244,61],{"class":53},[39,138246,572],{"class":517},[39,138248,11457],{"class":521},[39,138250,562],{"class":517},[39,138252,130],{"class":53},[39,138254,138255],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,138256,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,138258,138259,138261,138263,138265],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,138260,137],{"class":136},[39,138262,124],{"class":53},[39,138264,142],{"class":120},[39,138266,130],{"class":53},[20,138268,353],{},[30,138270,138272],{"className":32,"code":138271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello\n",[15,138273,138274],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138275,138276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138277,138271],{"class":45},[20,138279,138280],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[30,138282,138284],{"className":32,"code":138283,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138285,138286,138298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138287,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138289,34398],{"class":45},[39,138291,50],{"class":49},[39,138293,572],{"class":517},[39,138295,60126],{"class":521},[39,138297,3062],{"class":517},[39,138299,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322,138324,138326],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138301,129795],{"class":45},[39,138303,50],{"class":49},[39,138305,42557],{"class":45},[39,138307,117],{"class":53},[39,138309,34710],{"class":120},[39,138311,124],{"class":53},[39,138313,562],{"class":517},[39,138315,60311],{"class":521},[39,138317,562],{"class":517},[39,138319,61],{"class":53},[39,138321,572],{"class":517},[39,138323,7010],{"class":521},[39,138325,562],{"class":517},[39,138327,130],{"class":53},[20,138329,138330],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[30,138332,138334],{"className":32,"code":138333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138335,138336,138348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138337,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138339,34398],{"class":45},[39,138341,50],{"class":49},[39,138343,572],{"class":517},[39,138345,60126],{"class":521},[39,138347,3062],{"class":517},[39,138349,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138351,34398],{"class":45},[39,138353,50],{"class":49},[39,138355,42557],{"class":45},[39,138357,117],{"class":53},[39,138359,34710],{"class":120},[39,138361,124],{"class":53},[39,138363,562],{"class":517},[39,138365,60311],{"class":521},[39,138367,562],{"class":517},[39,138369,61],{"class":53},[39,138371,572],{"class":517},[39,138373,7010],{"class":521},[39,138375,562],{"class":517},[39,138377,130],{"class":53},[160,138379,1244],{"id":1243},[20,138381,138382,138383,1250],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138384,124127],{},[176,138386,138387,138390,138394,138397],{},[179,138388,138389],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[179,138391,8170,138392,131176],{},[15,138393,124127],{},[179,138395,138396],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[179,138398,1282,138399,138401],{},[15,138400,124127],{}," with regex-based replacements",[988,138403,138405,138406,138408],{"id":138404},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138407,124127],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138410,138411,138412,1250],{},"This does not update ",[15,138413,34419],{},[30,138415,138417],{"className":32,"code":138416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138418,138419,138431,138457],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138420,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138422,34398],{"class":45},[39,138424,50],{"class":49},[39,138426,572],{"class":517},[39,138428,137442],{"class":521},[39,138430,3062],{"class":517},[39,138432,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138434,34419],{"class":45},[39,138436,117],{"class":53},[39,138438,34710],{"class":120},[39,138440,124],{"class":53},[39,138442,562],{"class":517},[39,138444,137463],{"class":521},[39,138446,562],{"class":517},[39,138448,61],{"class":53},[39,138450,572],{"class":517},[39,138452,137472],{"class":521},[39,138454,562],{"class":517},[39,138456,130],{"class":53},[39,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,138460,137],{"class":136},[39,138462,124],{"class":53},[39,138464,34419],{"class":120},[39,138466,130],{"class":53},[20,138468,353],{},[30,138470,138471],{"className":32,"code":137690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138472,138473],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138474,138475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138476,137690],{"class":45},[20,138478,10521],{},[30,138480,138482],{"className":32,"code":138481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138483,138484,138496,138526],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138485,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138487,34398],{"class":45},[39,138489,50],{"class":49},[39,138491,572],{"class":517},[39,138493,137442],{"class":521},[39,138495,3062],{"class":517},[39,138497,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138499,34398],{"class":45},[39,138501,50],{"class":49},[39,138503,42557],{"class":45},[39,138505,117],{"class":53},[39,138507,34710],{"class":120},[39,138509,124],{"class":53},[39,138511,562],{"class":517},[39,138513,137463],{"class":521},[39,138515,562],{"class":517},[39,138517,61],{"class":53},[39,138519,572],{"class":517},[39,138521,137472],{"class":521},[39,138523,562],{"class":517},[39,138525,130],{"class":53},[39,138527,138528,138530,138532,138534],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,138529,137],{"class":136},[39,138531,124],{"class":53},[39,138533,34419],{"class":120},[39,138535,130],{"class":53},[20,138537,353],{},[30,138539,138540],{"className":32,"code":137491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138541,138542],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138543,138544],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138545,137491],{"class":45},[988,138547,138549],{"id":138548},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[30,138551,138553],{"className":32,"code":138552,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138554,138555,138567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138556,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138558,34398],{"class":45},[39,138560,50],{"class":49},[39,138562,572],{"class":517},[39,138564,34578],{"class":521},[39,138566,3062],{"class":517},[39,138568,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138570,137],{"class":136},[39,138572,124],{"class":53},[39,138574,34419],{"class":120},[39,138576,117],{"class":53},[39,138578,34710],{"class":120},[39,138580,124],{"class":53},[39,138582,562],{"class":517},[39,138584,3552],{"class":521},[39,138586,562],{"class":517},[39,138588,61],{"class":53},[39,138590,572],{"class":517},[39,138592,89655],{"class":521},[39,138594,562],{"class":517},[39,138596,486],{"class":53},[20,138598,353],{},[30,138600,138601],{"className":32,"code":88668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138602,138603],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138604,138605],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138606,88668],{"class":45},[20,138608,138609,138610,4104,138612,138614],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138611,64255],{},[15,138613,90137],{}," are not the same.",[988,138616,138618],{"id":138617},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[30,138620,138622],{"className":32,"code":138621,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138623,138624,138637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138625,138626,138628,138630,138632,138635],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138627,34398],{"class":45},[39,138629,50],{"class":49},[39,138631,572],{"class":517},[39,138633,138634],{"class":521},"red red red",[39,138636,3062],{"class":517},[39,138638,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138640,137],{"class":136},[39,138642,124],{"class":53},[39,138644,34419],{"class":120},[39,138646,117],{"class":53},[39,138648,34710],{"class":120},[39,138650,124],{"class":53},[39,138652,562],{"class":517},[39,138654,565],{"class":521},[39,138656,562],{"class":517},[39,138658,61],{"class":53},[39,138660,572],{"class":517},[39,138662,575],{"class":521},[39,138664,562],{"class":517},[39,138666,486],{"class":53},[20,138668,353],{},[30,138670,138672],{"className":32,"code":138671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138673,138674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138675,138676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138677,138671],{"class":45},[20,138679,138680,138681,1250],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138682,40974],{},[30,138684,138686],{"className":32,"code":138685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138687,138688,138700],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138689,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138691,34398],{"class":45},[39,138693,50],{"class":49},[39,138695,572],{"class":517},[39,138697,138634],{"class":521},[39,138699,3062],{"class":517},[39,138701,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,138703,137],{"class":136},[39,138705,124],{"class":53},[39,138707,34419],{"class":120},[39,138709,117],{"class":53},[39,138711,34710],{"class":120},[39,138713,124],{"class":53},[39,138715,562],{"class":517},[39,138717,565],{"class":521},[39,138719,562],{"class":517},[39,138721,61],{"class":53},[39,138723,572],{"class":517},[39,138725,575],{"class":521},[39,138727,562],{"class":517},[39,138729,61],{"class":53},[39,138731,5210],{"class":57},[39,138733,486],{"class":53},[20,138735,353],{},[30,138737,138739],{"className":32,"code":138738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue red red\n",[15,138740,138741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138742,138743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138744,138738],{"class":45},[988,138746,138748,138749,138751],{"id":138747},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138750,124127],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138753,138754],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[176,138756,138757,138764,138771],{},[179,138758,154,138759,138763],{},[195,138760,138761],{"href":128643},[15,138762,60251],{}," to break a string into a list",[179,138765,154,138766,138770],{},[195,138767,138768],{"href":136526},[15,138769,41368],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[179,138772,154,138773,138775],{},[15,138774,124127],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[160,138777,1563],{"id":1562},[988,138779,1567,138781,124283],{"id":138780},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138782,124127],{},[20,138784,138785],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[988,138787,138789],{"id":138788},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138791,138792],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[988,138794,138796],{"id":138795},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138798,138799],{},"Use the third argument:",[30,138801,138803],{"className":32,"code":138802,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138804,138805],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138806,138807,138809,138811,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138808,34419],{"class":45},[39,138810,117],{"class":53},[39,138812,34710],{"class":120},[39,138814,124],{"class":53},[39,138816,137553],{"class":120},[39,138818,61],{"class":53},[39,138820,137558],{"class":120},[39,138822,61],{"class":53},[39,138824,5210],{"class":57},[39,138826,130],{"class":53},[988,138828,1577,138830,138832],{"id":138829},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138831,124127],{}," remove text?",[20,138834,138835],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[30,138837,138839],{"className":32,"code":138838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138840,138841],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138842,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138844,34419],{"class":45},[39,138846,117],{"class":53},[39,138848,34710],{"class":120},[39,138850,124],{"class":53},[39,138852,562],{"class":517},[39,138854,1880],{"class":521},[39,138856,562],{"class":517},[39,138858,61],{"class":53},[39,138860,5840],{"class":517},[39,138862,130],{"class":53},[988,138864,14612,138866,124292],{"id":138865},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138867,124127],{},[20,138869,129485],{},[160,138871,1613],{"id":1612},[176,138873,138874,138878,138884,138890,138896],{},[179,138875,138876],{},[195,138877,124362],{"href":124124},[179,138879,138880],{},[195,138881,125956,138882,1627],{"href":128643},[15,138883,60251],{},[179,138885,138886],{},[195,138887,125956,138888,1627],{"href":136526},[15,138889,41368],{},[179,138891,138892],{},[195,138893,125956,138894,1627],{"href":123683},[15,138895,123686],{},[179,138897,138898],{},[195,138899,124711],{"href":50693},[1642,138901,138902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":138904},[138905,138906,138908,138911,138912,138916,138920,138921,138923,138931,138941],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":137506,"depth":75,"text":138907},"What replace() does",{"id":5142,"depth":75,"text":5143,"children":138909},[138910],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":5499,"depth":75,"text":5500},{"id":137721,"depth":75,"text":137722,"children":138913},[138914,138915],{"id":137735,"depth":99,"text":137736},{"id":137816,"depth":99,"text":137817},{"id":137904,"depth":75,"text":137905,"children":138917},[138918,138919],{"id":137913,"depth":99,"text":137914},{"id":137989,"depth":99,"text":137990},{"id":123602,"depth":75,"text":123603},{"id":138185,"depth":75,"text":138922},"What replace() returns",{"id":1243,"depth":75,"text":1244,"children":138924},[138925,138927,138928,138929],{"id":138404,"depth":99,"text":138926},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138548,"depth":99,"text":138549},{"id":138617,"depth":99,"text":138618},{"id":138747,"depth":99,"text":138930},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":138932},[138933,138935,138936,138937,138939],{"id":138780,"depth":99,"text":138934},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138788,"depth":99,"text":138789},{"id":138795,"depth":99,"text":138796},{"id":138829,"depth":99,"text":138938},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138865,"depth":99,"text":138940},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137391,"description":138942},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138949,"title":138950,"body":138951,"description":140970,"extension":1670,"meta":140971,"navigation":102,"path":140972,"seo":140973,"stem":140974,"__hash__":140975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138952,"toc":140934},[138953,138958,138963,138966,138977,138979,139034,139039,139044,139051,139053,139068,139070,139126,139128,139166,139171,139173,139197,139200,139213,139218,139220,139252,139254,139287,139293,139298,139301,139311,139314,139316,139372,139374,139424,139427,139435,139438,139494,139496,139569,139582,139590,139594,139605,139608,139611,139664,139666,139698,139701,139755,139757,139792,139795,139800,139805,139810,139813,139815,139873,139875,139909,139911,139926,139929,139931,139973,139975,140001,140006,140014,140017,140019,140101,140103,140154,140157,140168,140176,140178,140251,140253,140271,140275,140278,140282,140309,140311,140319,140323,140358,140360,140373,140377,140380,140419,140421,140438,140443,140448,140459,140462,140473,140475,140477,140503,140506,140555,140557,140574,140577,140579,140631,140633,140665,140668,140726,140731,140733,140738,140841,140843,140857,140859,140866,140871,140876,140881,140886,140891,140894,140898,140903,140905,140931],[10,138954,122956,138956,18],{"id":138955},"python-string-split-method",[15,138957,60251],{},[20,138959,122961,138960,138962],{},[15,138961,60251],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138964,138965],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[176,138967,138968,138971,138974],{},[179,138969,138970],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[179,138972,138973],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[179,138975,138976],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[160,138978,1711],{"id":1710},[30,138980,138982],{"className":32,"code":138981,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138983,138984,138997,139019,139029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138985,138986,138988,138990,138992,138995],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138987,34398],{"class":45},[39,138989,50],{"class":49},[39,138991,572],{"class":517},[39,138993,138994],{"class":521},"apple,banana,cherry",[39,138996,3062],{"class":517},[39,138998,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139000,42552],{"class":45},[39,139002,50],{"class":49},[39,139004,42557],{"class":45},[39,139006,117],{"class":53},[39,139008,34179],{"class":120},[39,139010,124],{"class":53},[39,139012,562],{"class":517},[39,139014,61],{"class":521},[39,139016,562],{"class":517},[39,139018,130],{"class":53},[39,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139022,137],{"class":136},[39,139024,124],{"class":53},[39,139026,42584],{"class":120},[39,139028,130],{"class":53},[39,139030,139031],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139032,139033],{"class":150},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139035,154,139036,139038],{},[15,139037,60251],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[160,139040,3383,139042,3386],{"id":139041},"what-split-does",[15,139043,60251],{},[20,139045,139046,132004,139048,117],{},[15,139047,60251],{},[382,139049,139050],{},"string method",[20,139052,48644],{},[176,139054,139055,139058,139063],{},[179,139056,139057],{},"divides a string into parts",[179,139059,119258,139060],{},[382,139061,139062],{},"new list of strings",[179,139064,119264,139065,139067],{},[382,139066,4340],{}," change the original string",[20,139069,267],{},[30,139071,139073],{"className":32,"code":139072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139074,139075,139088,139102,139106,139116],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139076,139077,139079,139081,139083,139086],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139078,34398],{"class":45},[39,139080,50],{"class":49},[39,139082,572],{"class":517},[39,139084,139085],{"class":521},"red blue green",[39,139087,3062],{"class":517},[39,139089,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139091,42552],{"class":45},[39,139093,50],{"class":49},[39,139095,42557],{"class":45},[39,139097,117],{"class":53},[39,139099,34179],{"class":120},[39,139101,1609],{"class":53},[39,139103,139104],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139105,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139107,139108,139110,139112,139114],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139109,137],{"class":136},[39,139111,124],{"class":53},[39,139113,34419],{"class":120},[39,139115,130],{"class":53},[39,139117,139118,139120,139122,139124],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,139119,137],{"class":136},[39,139121,124],{"class":53},[39,139123,42584],{"class":120},[39,139125,130],{"class":53},[20,139127,353],{},[30,139129,139131],{"className":32,"code":139130,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139132,139133,139138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139134,139135],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139136,139137],{"class":45},"red blue green\n",[39,139139,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162,139164],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139141,3609],{"class":53},[39,139143,524],{"class":517},[39,139145,565],{"class":521},[39,139147,524],{"class":517},[39,139149,61],{"class":53},[39,139151,518],{"class":517},[39,139153,575],{"class":521},[39,139155,524],{"class":517},[39,139157,61],{"class":53},[39,139159,518],{"class":517},[39,139161,584],{"class":521},[39,139163,524],{"class":517},[39,139165,3340],{"class":53},[20,139167,139168,139169,117],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[195,139170,124711],{"href":50693},[160,139172,202],{"id":201},[30,139174,139176],{"className":32,"code":139175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139177,139178],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139179,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139181,60894],{"class":45},[39,139183,117],{"class":53},[39,139185,34179],{"class":120},[39,139187,124],{"class":53},[39,139189,133360],{"class":120},[39,139191,61],{"class":53},[39,139193,139194],{"class":120}," maxsplit",[39,139196,130],{"class":53},[20,139198,139199],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[176,139201,139202,139207],{},[179,139203,139204,139206],{},[15,139205,133360],{}," tells Python where to split",[179,139208,139209,139212],{},[15,139210,139211],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139214,8592,139215,139217],{},[15,139216,133360],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139219,267],{},[30,139221,139223],{"className":32,"code":139222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139224,139225,139238],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139228,34398],{"class":45},[39,139230,50],{"class":49},[39,139232,572],{"class":517},[39,139234,139235],{"class":521},"one two three",[39,139237,3062],{"class":517},[39,139239,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139241,137],{"class":136},[39,139243,124],{"class":53},[39,139245,34419],{"class":120},[39,139247,117],{"class":53},[39,139249,34179],{"class":120},[39,139251,6907],{"class":53},[20,139253,353],{},[30,139255,139257],{"className":32,"code":139256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139258,139259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139260,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139262,3609],{"class":53},[39,139264,524],{"class":517},[39,139266,6297],{"class":521},[39,139268,524],{"class":517},[39,139270,61],{"class":53},[39,139272,518],{"class":517},[39,139274,78992],{"class":521},[39,139276,524],{"class":517},[39,139278,61],{"class":53},[39,139280,518],{"class":517},[39,139282,133842],{"class":521},[39,139284,524],{"class":517},[39,139286,3340],{"class":53},[160,139288,718,139290,139292],{"id":139289},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139291,60251],{}," with no separator",[20,139294,69895,139295,139297],{},[15,139296,60251],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139299,139300],{},"Whitespace includes:",[176,139302,139303,139305,139308],{},[179,139304,10167],{},[179,139306,139307],{},"tabs",[179,139309,139310],{},"new lines",[20,139312,139313],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139315,267],{},[30,139317,139319],{"className":32,"code":139318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139320,139321,139344,139358,139362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139322,139323,139325,139327,139329,139332,139335,139337,139339,139342],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139324,34398],{"class":45},[39,139326,50],{"class":49},[39,139328,572],{"class":517},[39,139330,139331],{"class":521},"Python   is",[39,139333,139334],{"class":34163},"\\t",[39,139336,133096],{"class":521},[39,139338,86872],{"class":34163},[39,139340,139341],{"class":521},"and useful",[39,139343,3062],{"class":517},[39,139345,139346,139348,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139347,42552],{"class":45},[39,139349,50],{"class":49},[39,139351,42557],{"class":45},[39,139353,117],{"class":53},[39,139355,34179],{"class":120},[39,139357,1609],{"class":53},[39,139359,139360],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139361,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139365,137],{"class":136},[39,139367,124],{"class":53},[39,139369,42584],{"class":120},[39,139371,130],{"class":53},[20,139373,353],{},[30,139375,139377],{"className":32,"code":139376,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139378,139379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139380,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139420,139422],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139382,3609],{"class":53},[39,139384,524],{"class":517},[39,139386,7010],{"class":521},[39,139388,524],{"class":517},[39,139390,61],{"class":53},[39,139392,518],{"class":517},[39,139394,11906],{"class":521},[39,139396,524],{"class":517},[39,139398,61],{"class":53},[39,139400,518],{"class":517},[39,139402,133096],{"class":521},[39,139404,524],{"class":517},[39,139406,61],{"class":53},[39,139408,518],{"class":517},[39,139410,129721],{"class":521},[39,139412,524],{"class":517},[39,139414,61],{"class":53},[39,139416,518],{"class":517},[39,139418,139419],{"class":521},"useful",[39,139421,524],{"class":517},[39,139423,3340],{"class":53},[20,139425,139426],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[988,139428,139430,980,139432],{"id":139429},"split-vs-split",[15,139431,60251],{},[15,139433,139434],{},"split(' ')",[20,139436,139437],{},"These are not the same.",[30,139439,139441],{"className":32,"code":139440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139442,139443,139456,139460,139474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139444,139445,139447,139449,139451,139454],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139446,34398],{"class":45},[39,139448,50],{"class":49},[39,139450,572],{"class":517},[39,139452,139453],{"class":521},"a  b   c",[39,139455,3062],{"class":517},[39,139457,139458],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139459,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139461,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139463,137],{"class":136},[39,139465,124],{"class":53},[39,139467,34419],{"class":120},[39,139469,117],{"class":53},[39,139471,34179],{"class":120},[39,139473,6907],{"class":53},[39,139475,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139477,137],{"class":136},[39,139479,124],{"class":53},[39,139481,34419],{"class":120},[39,139483,117],{"class":53},[39,139485,34179],{"class":120},[39,139487,124],{"class":53},[39,139489,562],{"class":517},[39,139491,572],{"class":517},[39,139493,486],{"class":53},[20,139495,353],{},[30,139497,139499],{"className":32,"code":139498,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139500,139501,139529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139502,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139504,3609],{"class":53},[39,139506,524],{"class":517},[39,139508,195],{"class":521},[39,139510,524],{"class":517},[39,139512,61],{"class":53},[39,139514,518],{"class":517},[39,139516,127],{"class":521},[39,139518,524],{"class":517},[39,139520,61],{"class":53},[39,139522,518],{"class":517},[39,139524,9454],{"class":521},[39,139526,524],{"class":517},[39,139528,3340],{"class":53},[39,139530,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139532,3609],{"class":53},[39,139534,524],{"class":517},[39,139536,195],{"class":521},[39,139538,524],{"class":517},[39,139540,61],{"class":53},[39,139542,3545],{"class":517},[39,139544,61],{"class":53},[39,139546,518],{"class":517},[39,139548,127],{"class":521},[39,139550,524],{"class":517},[39,139552,61],{"class":53},[39,139554,3545],{"class":517},[39,139556,61],{"class":53},[39,139558,3545],{"class":517},[39,139560,61],{"class":53},[39,139562,518],{"class":517},[39,139564,9454],{"class":521},[39,139566,524],{"class":517},[39,139568,3340],{"class":53},[176,139570,139571,139576],{},[179,139572,139573,139575],{},[15,139574,60251],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[179,139577,139578,139581],{},[15,139579,139580],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139583,139584,139585,139589],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[195,139586,125956,139587,1627],{"href":136526},[15,139588,41368],{}," is often useful.",[160,139591,139593],{"id":139592},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139595,139596,139597,1896,139600,1900,139602,117],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139598,139599],{},"\",\"",[15,139601,133195],{},[15,139603,139604],{},"\"::\"",[20,139606,139607],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139609,139610],{},"Example with commas:",[30,139612,139614],{"className":32,"code":139613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139615,139616,139628,139650,139654],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139619,34398],{"class":45},[39,139621,50],{"class":49},[39,139623,572],{"class":517},[39,139625,138994],{"class":521},[39,139627,3062],{"class":517},[39,139629,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139631,42552],{"class":45},[39,139633,50],{"class":49},[39,139635,42557],{"class":45},[39,139637,117],{"class":53},[39,139639,34179],{"class":120},[39,139641,124],{"class":53},[39,139643,562],{"class":517},[39,139645,61],{"class":521},[39,139647,562],{"class":517},[39,139649,130],{"class":53},[39,139651,139652],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139653,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139655,139656,139658,139660,139662],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139657,137],{"class":136},[39,139659,124],{"class":53},[39,139661,42584],{"class":120},[39,139663,130],{"class":53},[20,139665,353],{},[30,139667,139668],{"className":32,"code":78171,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,139669,139670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139671,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139673,3609],{"class":53},[39,139675,524],{"class":517},[39,139677,3789],{"class":521},[39,139679,524],{"class":517},[39,139681,61],{"class":53},[39,139683,518],{"class":517},[39,139685,3798],{"class":521},[39,139687,524],{"class":517},[39,139689,61],{"class":53},[39,139691,518],{"class":517},[39,139693,3807],{"class":521},[39,139695,524],{"class":517},[39,139697,3340],{"class":53},[20,139699,139700],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[30,139702,139704],{"className":32,"code":139703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139705,139706,139719,139741,139745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139707,139708,139710,139712,139714,139717],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139709,34398],{"class":45},[39,139711,50],{"class":49},[39,139713,572],{"class":517},[39,139715,139716],{"class":521},"2024::10::31",[39,139718,3062],{"class":517},[39,139720,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139722,42552],{"class":45},[39,139724,50],{"class":49},[39,139726,42557],{"class":45},[39,139728,117],{"class":53},[39,139730,34179],{"class":120},[39,139732,124],{"class":53},[39,139734,562],{"class":517},[39,139736,76388],{"class":521},[39,139738,562],{"class":517},[39,139740,130],{"class":53},[39,139742,139743],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139744,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139746,139747,139749,139751,139753],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139748,137],{"class":136},[39,139750,124],{"class":53},[39,139752,42584],{"class":120},[39,139754,130],{"class":53},[20,139756,353],{},[30,139758,139760],{"className":32,"code":139759,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139761,139762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139763,139764,139766,139768,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139788,139790],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139765,3609],{"class":53},[39,139767,524],{"class":517},[39,139769,139770],{"class":521},"2024",[39,139772,524],{"class":517},[39,139774,61],{"class":53},[39,139776,518],{"class":517},[39,139778,2037],{"class":521},[39,139780,524],{"class":517},[39,139782,61],{"class":53},[39,139784,518],{"class":517},[39,139786,139787],{"class":521},"31",[39,139789,524],{"class":517},[39,139791,3340],{"class":53},[20,139793,139794],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139796,139797,139798,117],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[195,139799,128640],{"href":128639},[160,139801,718,139803],{"id":139802},"using-maxsplit",[15,139804,139211],{},[20,139806,139807,139809],{},[15,139808,139211],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139811,139812],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139814,267],{},[30,139816,139818],{"className":32,"code":139817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139819,139820,139833,139859,139863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828,139831],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139823,34398],{"class":45},[39,139825,50],{"class":49},[39,139827,572],{"class":517},[39,139829,139830],{"class":521},"name:age:city:country",[39,139832,3062],{"class":517},[39,139834,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139836,42552],{"class":45},[39,139838,50],{"class":49},[39,139840,42557],{"class":45},[39,139842,117],{"class":53},[39,139844,34179],{"class":120},[39,139846,124],{"class":53},[39,139848,562],{"class":517},[39,139850,1250],{"class":521},[39,139852,562],{"class":517},[39,139854,61],{"class":53},[39,139856,64],{"class":57},[39,139858,130],{"class":53},[39,139860,139861],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,139862,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,139864,139865,139867,139869,139871],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,139866,137],{"class":136},[39,139868,124],{"class":53},[39,139870,42584],{"class":120},[39,139872,130],{"class":53},[20,139874,353],{},[30,139876,139878],{"className":32,"code":139877,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139879,139880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139881,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139905,139907],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139883,3609],{"class":53},[39,139885,524],{"class":517},[39,139887,7382],{"class":521},[39,139889,524],{"class":517},[39,139891,61],{"class":53},[39,139893,518],{"class":517},[39,139895,9015],{"class":521},[39,139897,524],{"class":517},[39,139899,61],{"class":53},[39,139901,518],{"class":517},[39,139903,139904],{"class":521},"city:country",[39,139906,524],{"class":517},[39,139908,3340],{"class":53},[20,139910,1885],{},[176,139912,139913,139918,139923],{},[179,139914,139915,139916],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139917,1250],{},[179,139919,139920,139921],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139922,1250],{},[179,139924,139925],{},"then stops",[20,139927,139928],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139930,51798],{},[30,139932,139934],{"className":32,"code":139933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139935,139936,139949],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139937,139938,139940,139942,139944,139947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139939,34398],{"class":45},[39,139941,50],{"class":49},[39,139943,572],{"class":517},[39,139945,139946],{"class":521},"apple banana cherry grape",[39,139948,3062],{"class":517},[39,139950,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,139952,137],{"class":136},[39,139954,124],{"class":53},[39,139956,34419],{"class":120},[39,139958,117],{"class":53},[39,139960,34179],{"class":120},[39,139962,124],{"class":53},[39,139964,562],{"class":517},[39,139966,572],{"class":517},[39,139968,61],{"class":53},[39,139970,5210],{"class":57},[39,139972,486],{"class":53},[20,139974,353],{},[30,139976,139978],{"className":32,"code":139977,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139979,139980],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139981,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139997,139999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139983,3609],{"class":53},[39,139985,524],{"class":517},[39,139987,3789],{"class":521},[39,139989,524],{"class":517},[39,139991,61],{"class":53},[39,139993,518],{"class":517},[39,139995,139996],{"class":521},"banana cherry grape",[39,139998,524],{"class":517},[39,140000,3340],{"class":53},[160,140002,3383,140004,11417],{"id":140003},"what-split-returns",[15,140005,60251],{},[20,140007,140008,140009,140011,140012,117],{},"The result of ",[15,140010,60251],{}," is always a ",[382,140013,7810],{},[20,140015,140016],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140018,267],{},[30,140020,140022],{"className":32,"code":140021,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140023,140024,140037,140059,140063,140073,140087],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140025,140026,140028,140030,140032,140035],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140027,34398],{"class":45},[39,140029,50],{"class":49},[39,140031,572],{"class":517},[39,140033,140034],{"class":521},"cat,dog,bird",[39,140036,3062],{"class":517},[39,140038,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140040,42552],{"class":45},[39,140042,50],{"class":49},[39,140044,42557],{"class":45},[39,140046,117],{"class":53},[39,140048,34179],{"class":120},[39,140050,124],{"class":53},[39,140052,562],{"class":517},[39,140054,61],{"class":521},[39,140056,562],{"class":517},[39,140058,130],{"class":53},[39,140060,140061],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140062,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,140064,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140066,137],{"class":136},[39,140068,124],{"class":53},[39,140070,42584],{"class":120},[39,140072,130],{"class":53},[39,140074,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,140076,137],{"class":136},[39,140078,124],{"class":53},[39,140080,479],{"class":478},[39,140082,124],{"class":53},[39,140084,42584],{"class":120},[39,140086,486],{"class":53},[39,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,140090,137],{"class":136},[39,140092,124],{"class":53},[39,140094,42584],{"class":120},[39,140096,3609],{"class":53},[39,140098,1826],{"class":57},[39,140100,3597],{"class":53},[20,140102,353],{},[30,140104,140106],{"className":32,"code":140105,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140107,140108,140136,140150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140109,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140111,3609],{"class":53},[39,140113,524],{"class":517},[39,140115,36761],{"class":521},[39,140117,524],{"class":517},[39,140119,61],{"class":53},[39,140121,518],{"class":517},[39,140123,57846],{"class":521},[39,140125,524],{"class":517},[39,140127,61],{"class":53},[39,140129,518],{"class":517},[39,140131,57863],{"class":521},[39,140133,524],{"class":517},[39,140135,3340],{"class":53},[39,140137,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140139,510],{"class":49},[39,140141,514],{"class":513},[39,140143,518],{"class":517},[39,140145,7810],{"class":521},[39,140147,524],{"class":517},[39,140149,527],{"class":49},[39,140151,140152],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140153,85189],{"class":45},[20,140155,140156],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[176,140158,140159,140162,140165],{},[179,140160,140161],{},"loop over it",[179,140163,140164],{},"access items by index",[179,140166,140167],{},"combine items again later",[20,140169,140170,140171,117],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[195,140172,125956,140174,1627],{"href":140173},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140175,133038],{},[20,140177,267],{},[30,140179,140181],{"className":32,"code":140180,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140182,140183,140215,140237,140241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140184,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140186,42552],{"class":45},[39,140188,50],{"class":49},[39,140190,3327],{"class":53},[39,140192,524],{"class":517},[39,140194,36761],{"class":521},[39,140196,524],{"class":517},[39,140198,61],{"class":53},[39,140200,518],{"class":517},[39,140202,57846],{"class":521},[39,140204,524],{"class":517},[39,140206,61],{"class":53},[39,140208,518],{"class":517},[39,140210,57863],{"class":521},[39,140212,524],{"class":517},[39,140214,3340],{"class":53},[39,140216,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140218,34398],{"class":45},[39,140220,50],{"class":49},[39,140222,572],{"class":517},[39,140224,1730],{"class":521},[39,140226,562],{"class":517},[39,140228,117],{"class":53},[39,140230,133115],{"class":120},[39,140232,124],{"class":53},[39,140234,42584],{"class":120},[39,140236,130],{"class":53},[39,140238,140239],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140240,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140244,137],{"class":136},[39,140246,124],{"class":53},[39,140248,34419],{"class":120},[39,140250,130],{"class":53},[20,140252,353],{},[30,140254,140256],{"className":32,"code":140255,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140257,140258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140259,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140261,36761],{"class":45},[39,140263,1730],{"class":49},[39,140265,57846],{"class":45},[39,140267,1730],{"class":49},[39,140269,140270],{"class":45},"bird\n",[160,140272,140274],{"id":140273},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140276,140277],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[988,140279,140281],{"id":140280},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[30,140283,140285],{"className":32,"code":140284,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140286,140287,140295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140288,140289,140291,140293],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140290,34398],{"class":45},[39,140292,50],{"class":49},[39,140294,7597],{"class":517},[39,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140298,137],{"class":136},[39,140300,124],{"class":53},[39,140302,34419],{"class":120},[39,140304,117],{"class":53},[39,140306,34179],{"class":120},[39,140308,6907],{"class":53},[20,140310,353],{},[30,140312,140313],{"className":32,"code":38010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140314,140315],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140316,140317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140318,38010],{"class":53},[988,140320,140322],{"id":140321},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[30,140324,140326],{"className":32,"code":140325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140327,140328,140336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140329,140330,140332,140334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140331,34398],{"class":45},[39,140333,50],{"class":49},[39,140335,7597],{"class":517},[39,140337,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140339,137],{"class":136},[39,140341,124],{"class":53},[39,140343,34419],{"class":120},[39,140345,117],{"class":53},[39,140347,34179],{"class":120},[39,140349,124],{"class":53},[39,140351,562],{"class":517},[39,140353,61],{"class":521},[39,140355,562],{"class":517},[39,140357,486],{"class":53},[20,140359,353],{},[30,140361,140363],{"className":32,"code":140362,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['']\n",[15,140364,140365],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140366,140367,140369,140371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140368,3609],{"class":53},[39,140370,3479],{"class":517},[39,140372,3340],{"class":53},[988,140374,140376],{"id":140375},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140378,140379],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[30,140381,140383],{"className":32,"code":140382,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140384,140385,140397],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140386,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140388,34398],{"class":45},[39,140390,50],{"class":49},[39,140392,572],{"class":517},[39,140394,3552],{"class":521},[39,140396,3062],{"class":517},[39,140398,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140400,137],{"class":136},[39,140402,124],{"class":53},[39,140404,34419],{"class":120},[39,140406,117],{"class":53},[39,140408,34179],{"class":120},[39,140410,124],{"class":53},[39,140412,562],{"class":517},[39,140414,61],{"class":521},[39,140416,562],{"class":517},[39,140418,486],{"class":53},[20,140420,353],{},[30,140422,140424],{"className":32,"code":140423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['hello']\n",[15,140425,140426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140429,3609],{"class":53},[39,140431,524],{"class":517},[39,140433,3552],{"class":521},[39,140435,524],{"class":517},[39,140437,3340],{"class":53},[160,140439,4671,140441],{"id":140440},"when-to-use-split",[15,140442,60251],{},[20,140444,154,140445,140447],{},[15,140446,60251],{}," when you need to:",[176,140449,140450,140453,140456],{},[179,140451,140452],{},"split a sentence into words",[179,140454,140455],{},"split comma-separated values",[179,140457,140458],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140460,140461],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[176,140463,140464,140467,140470],{},[179,140465,140466],{},"cleaning text",[179,140468,140469],{},"parsing user input",[179,140471,140472],{},"processing simple file content",[160,140474,2537],{"id":2536},[20,140476,83960],{},[176,140478,140479,140483,140489,140492,140500],{},[179,140480,50223,140481,131176],{},[15,140482,60251],{},[179,140484,140485,140486,140488],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140487,60251],{}," returns a list, not a string",[179,140490,140491],{},"using the wrong separator",[179,140493,140494,140495,140497,140498],{},"assuming ",[15,140496,139434],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140499,60251],{},[179,140501,140502],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140504,140505],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[30,140507,140509],{"className":32,"code":140508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140510,140511,140523,140541,140545],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140512,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140514,34398],{"class":45},[39,140516,50],{"class":49},[39,140518,572],{"class":517},[39,140520,42545],{"class":521},[39,140522,3062],{"class":517},[39,140524,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140526,34419],{"class":45},[39,140528,117],{"class":53},[39,140530,34179],{"class":120},[39,140532,124],{"class":53},[39,140534,562],{"class":517},[39,140536,61],{"class":521},[39,140538,562],{"class":517},[39,140540,130],{"class":53},[39,140542,140543],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140544,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140548,137],{"class":136},[39,140550,124],{"class":53},[39,140552,34419],{"class":120},[39,140554,130],{"class":53},[20,140556,353],{},[30,140558,140560],{"className":32,"code":140559,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a,b,c\n",[15,140561,140562],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140563,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140565,195],{"class":45},[39,140567,61],{"class":53},[39,140569,127],{"class":45},[39,140571,61],{"class":53},[39,140573,68967],{"class":45},[20,140575,140576],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140578,10521],{},[30,140580,140581],{"className":32,"code":42532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140582,140583,140595,140617,140621],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140586,34398],{"class":45},[39,140588,50],{"class":49},[39,140590,572],{"class":517},[39,140592,42545],{"class":521},[39,140594,3062],{"class":517},[39,140596,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140598,42552],{"class":45},[39,140600,50],{"class":49},[39,140602,42557],{"class":45},[39,140604,117],{"class":53},[39,140606,34179],{"class":120},[39,140608,124],{"class":53},[39,140610,562],{"class":517},[39,140612,61],{"class":521},[39,140614,562],{"class":517},[39,140616,130],{"class":53},[39,140618,140619],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140620,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140624,137],{"class":136},[39,140626,124],{"class":53},[39,140628,42584],{"class":120},[39,140630,130],{"class":53},[20,140632,353],{},[30,140634,140635],{"className":32,"code":42591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140636,140637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140638,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140640,3609],{"class":53},[39,140642,524],{"class":517},[39,140644,195],{"class":521},[39,140646,524],{"class":517},[39,140648,61],{"class":53},[39,140650,518],{"class":517},[39,140652,127],{"class":521},[39,140654,524],{"class":517},[39,140656,61],{"class":53},[39,140658,518],{"class":517},[39,140660,9454],{"class":521},[39,140662,524],{"class":517},[39,140664,3340],{"class":53},[20,140666,140667],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[30,140669,140671],{"className":32,"code":140670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140672,140673,140686,140708,140712],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140674,140675,140677,140679,140681,140684],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140676,34398],{"class":45},[39,140678,50],{"class":49},[39,140680,572],{"class":517},[39,140682,140683],{"class":521},"apple,banana",[39,140685,3062],{"class":517},[39,140687,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140706],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140689,42552],{"class":45},[39,140691,50],{"class":49},[39,140693,42557],{"class":45},[39,140695,117],{"class":53},[39,140697,34179],{"class":120},[39,140699,124],{"class":53},[39,140701,562],{"class":517},[39,140703,61],{"class":521},[39,140705,562],{"class":517},[39,140707,130],{"class":53},[39,140709,140710],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140711,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,140713,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140715,137],{"class":136},[39,140717,124],{"class":53},[39,140719,42584],{"class":120},[39,140721,3609],{"class":53},[39,140723,85],{"class":57},[39,140725,3597],{"class":53},[20,140727,140728,140729,117],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[195,140730,68980],{"href":68979},[988,140732,60430],{"id":60429},[20,140734,8592,140735,140737],{},[15,140736,60251],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[30,140739,140741],{"className":32,"code":140740,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140742,140743,140753,140767,140789,140815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140744,140745,140747,140749,140751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140746,137],{"class":136},[39,140748,124],{"class":53},[39,140750,34419],{"class":120},[39,140752,130],{"class":53},[39,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,140756,137],{"class":136},[39,140758,124],{"class":53},[39,140760,34419],{"class":120},[39,140762,117],{"class":53},[39,140764,34179],{"class":120},[39,140766,6907],{"class":53},[39,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,140770,137],{"class":136},[39,140772,124],{"class":53},[39,140774,34419],{"class":120},[39,140776,117],{"class":53},[39,140778,34179],{"class":120},[39,140780,124],{"class":53},[39,140782,524],{"class":517},[39,140784,61],{"class":521},[39,140786,524],{"class":517},[39,140788,486],{"class":53},[39,140790,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,140792,137],{"class":136},[39,140794,124],{"class":53},[39,140796,1361],{"class":136},[39,140798,124],{"class":53},[39,140800,34419],{"class":120},[39,140802,117],{"class":53},[39,140804,34179],{"class":120},[39,140806,124],{"class":53},[39,140808,524],{"class":517},[39,140810,61],{"class":521},[39,140812,524],{"class":517},[39,140814,2619],{"class":53},[39,140816,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,140818,137],{"class":136},[39,140820,124],{"class":53},[39,140822,479],{"class":478},[39,140824,124],{"class":53},[39,140826,34419],{"class":120},[39,140828,117],{"class":53},[39,140830,34179],{"class":120},[39,140832,124],{"class":53},[39,140834,524],{"class":517},[39,140836,61],{"class":521},[39,140838,524],{"class":517},[39,140840,2619],{"class":53},[20,140842,10884],{},[176,140844,140845,140848,140851,140854],{},[179,140846,140847],{},"what the original string looks like",[179,140849,140850],{},"which separator works",[179,140852,140853],{},"how many items were created",[179,140855,140856],{},"that the result is a list",[160,140858,1563],{"id":1562},[988,140860,4890,140862,4104,140864,2199],{"id":140861},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140863,60251],{},[15,140865,139434],{},[20,140867,140868,140870],{},[15,140869,60251],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140872,140873,140875],{},[15,140874,139434],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[988,140877,1567,140879,124283],{"id":140878},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140880,60251],{},[20,140882,140883,140884,56198],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140885,60251],{},[988,140887,4853,140889,39674],{"id":140888},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140890,139211],{},[20,140892,140893],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[988,140895,140897],{"id":140896},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140899,28770,140900,140902],{},[15,140901,60251],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[160,140904,1613],{"id":1612},[176,140906,140907,140911,140917,140923,140927],{},[179,140908,140909],{},[195,140910,129561],{"href":128639},[179,140912,140913],{},[195,140914,125956,140915,1627],{"href":140173},[15,140916,133038],{},[179,140918,140919],{},[195,140920,125956,140921,1627],{"href":136526},[15,140922,41368],{},[179,140924,140925],{},[195,140926,124711],{"href":50693},[179,140928,140929],{},[195,140930,68980],{"href":68979},[1642,140932,140933],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":140935},[140936,140937,140939,140940,140945,140946,140948,140950,140955,140957,140960,140969],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":139041,"depth":75,"text":140938},"What split() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":139289,"depth":75,"text":140941,"children":140942},"Using split() with no separator",[140943],{"id":139429,"depth":99,"text":140944},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139592,"depth":75,"text":139593},{"id":139802,"depth":75,"text":140947},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140003,"depth":75,"text":140949},"What split() returns",{"id":140273,"depth":75,"text":140274,"children":140951},[140952,140953,140954],{"id":140280,"depth":99,"text":140281},{"id":140321,"depth":99,"text":140322},{"id":140375,"depth":99,"text":140376},{"id":140440,"depth":75,"text":140956},"When to use split()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":140958},[140959],{"id":60429,"depth":99,"text":60430},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":140961},[140962,140964,140966,140968],{"id":140861,"depth":99,"text":140963},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140878,"depth":99,"text":140965},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140888,"depth":99,"text":140967},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140896,"depth":99,"text":140897},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138950,"description":140970},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140977,"title":140978,"body":140979,"description":142922,"extension":1670,"meta":142923,"navigation":102,"path":142924,"seo":142925,"stem":142926,"__hash__":142927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140980,"toc":142881},[140981,140986,140991,140998,141071,141076,141081,141086,141102,141104,141174,141176,141178,141198,141200,141245,141250,141252,141350,141355,141359,141364,141368,141371,141413,141417,141420,141465,141469,141472,141522,141526,141531,141583,141585,141590,141601,141606,141686,141688,141700,141709,141716,141731,141733,141848,141854,141858,141861,141866,142008,142011,142018,142020,142024,142032,142101,142107,142156,142161,142166,142168,142188,142190,142256,142258,142262,142265,142269,142310,142312,142345,142350,142353,142380,142382,142425,142432,142437,142447,142513,142517,142525,142530,142581,142585,142588,142590,142599,142601,142651,142653,142760,142762,142767,142774,142780,142783,142814,142819,142821,142828,142836,142845,142848,142850,142878],[10,140982,122956,140984,18],{"id":140983},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140985,127324],{},[20,140987,122961,140988,140990],{},[15,140989,127324],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140992,126022,140993,1292,140995,140997],{},[15,140994,3308],{},[15,140996,3379],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[30,140999,141001],{"className":32,"code":141000,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141002,141003,141016,141020,141045],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011,141014],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141006,34398],{"class":45},[39,141008,50],{"class":49},[39,141010,572],{"class":517},[39,141012,141013],{"class":521},"Python Beginner Help",[39,141015,3062],{"class":517},[39,141017,141018],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141019,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141023,137],{"class":136},[39,141025,124],{"class":53},[39,141027,34419],{"class":120},[39,141029,117],{"class":53},[39,141031,141032],{"class":120},"startswith",[39,141034,124],{"class":53},[39,141036,562],{"class":517},[39,141038,7010],{"class":521},[39,141040,562],{"class":517},[39,141042,5073],{"class":53},[39,141044,43570],{"class":150},[39,141046,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141064,141066,141068],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141048,137],{"class":136},[39,141050,124],{"class":53},[39,141052,34419],{"class":120},[39,141054,117],{"class":53},[39,141056,141032],{"class":120},[39,141058,124],{"class":53},[39,141060,562],{"class":517},[39,141062,141063],{"class":521},"Beginner",[39,141065,562],{"class":517},[39,141067,5073],{"class":53},[39,141069,141070],{"class":150}," # False\n",[20,141072,154,141073,141075],{},[15,141074,127324],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[160,141077,3383,141079,3386],{"id":141078},"what-startswith-does",[15,141080,127324],{},[20,141082,141083,141085],{},[15,141084,127324],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[176,141087,141088,141091,141097,141099],{},[179,141089,141090],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[179,141092,4859,141093,1292,141095],{},[15,141094,3308],{},[15,141096,3379],{},[179,141098,123099],{},[179,141100,141101],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141103,267],{},[30,141105,141107],{"className":32,"code":141106,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141108,141109,141121,141125,141150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141110,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141112,7592],{"class":45},[39,141114,50],{"class":49},[39,141116,572],{"class":517},[39,141118,7010],{"class":521},[39,141120,3062],{"class":517},[39,141122,141123],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141124,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141126,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141144,141146,141148],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141128,137],{"class":136},[39,141130,124],{"class":53},[39,141132,7382],{"class":120},[39,141134,117],{"class":53},[39,141136,141032],{"class":120},[39,141138,124],{"class":53},[39,141140,562],{"class":517},[39,141142,141143],{"class":521},"Py",[39,141145,562],{"class":517},[39,141147,5073],{"class":53},[39,141149,43570],{"class":150},[39,141151,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141153,137],{"class":136},[39,141155,124],{"class":53},[39,141157,7382],{"class":120},[39,141159,117],{"class":53},[39,141161,141032],{"class":120},[39,141163,124],{"class":53},[39,141165,562],{"class":517},[39,141167,128402],{"class":521},[39,141169,562],{"class":517},[39,141171,5073],{"class":53},[39,141173,43587],{"class":150},[160,141175,202],{"id":201},[20,141177,42100],{},[30,141179,141181],{"className":32,"code":141180,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141182,141183],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141184,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141186,60894],{"class":45},[39,141188,117],{"class":53},[39,141190,141032],{"class":120},[39,141192,124],{"class":53},[39,141194,141195],{"class":120},"prefix",[39,141197,130],{"class":53},[20,141199,30472],{},[30,141201,141203],{"className":32,"code":141202,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141204,141205,141223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141206,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141208,60894],{"class":45},[39,141210,117],{"class":53},[39,141212,141032],{"class":120},[39,141214,124],{"class":53},[39,141216,141195],{"class":120},[39,141218,61],{"class":53},[39,141220,35764],{"class":120},[39,141222,130],{"class":53},[39,141224,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141226,60894],{"class":45},[39,141228,117],{"class":53},[39,141230,141032],{"class":120},[39,141232,124],{"class":53},[39,141234,141195],{"class":120},[39,141236,61],{"class":53},[39,141238,35764],{"class":120},[39,141240,61],{"class":53},[39,141242,64761],{"class":120},[39,141244,130],{"class":53},[20,141246,20478,141247,141249],{},[15,141248,141195],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141251,267],{},[30,141253,141255],{"className":32,"code":141254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141256,141257,141269,141273,141298,141322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141258,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141260,34398],{"class":45},[39,141262,50],{"class":49},[39,141264,572],{"class":517},[39,141266,60126],{"class":521},[39,141268,3062],{"class":517},[39,141270,141271],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141272,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141274,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141276,137],{"class":136},[39,141278,124],{"class":53},[39,141280,34419],{"class":120},[39,141282,117],{"class":53},[39,141284,141032],{"class":120},[39,141286,124],{"class":53},[39,141288,562],{"class":517},[39,141290,3552],{"class":521},[39,141292,562],{"class":517},[39,141294,5073],{"class":53},[39,141296,141297],{"class":150},"      # True\n",[39,141299,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141301,137],{"class":136},[39,141303,124],{"class":53},[39,141305,34419],{"class":120},[39,141307,117],{"class":53},[39,141309,141032],{"class":120},[39,141311,124],{"class":53},[39,141313,562],{"class":517},[39,141315,60311],{"class":521},[39,141317,562],{"class":517},[39,141319,5073],{"class":53},[39,141321,20908],{"class":150},[39,141323,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,141325,137],{"class":136},[39,141327,124],{"class":53},[39,141329,34419],{"class":120},[39,141331,117],{"class":53},[39,141333,141032],{"class":120},[39,141335,124],{"class":53},[39,141337,562],{"class":517},[39,141339,60311],{"class":521},[39,141341,562],{"class":517},[39,141343,61],{"class":53},[39,141345,806],{"class":57},[39,141347,5073],{"class":53},[39,141349,43570],{"class":150},[20,141351,141352,141353,117],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[195,141354,124711],{"href":50693},[160,141356,141358],{"id":141357},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141360,141361,141363],{},[15,141362,127324],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[988,141365,141366],{"id":141195},[15,141367,141195],{},[20,141369,141370],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[30,141372,141374],{"className":32,"code":141373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141375,141376,141388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141377,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141379,34398],{"class":45},[39,141381,50],{"class":49},[39,141383,572],{"class":517},[39,141385,3798],{"class":521},[39,141387,3062],{"class":517},[39,141389,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141407,141409,141411],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141391,137],{"class":136},[39,141393,124],{"class":53},[39,141395,34419],{"class":120},[39,141397,117],{"class":53},[39,141399,141032],{"class":120},[39,141401,124],{"class":53},[39,141403,562],{"class":517},[39,141405,141406],{"class":521},"ban",[39,141408,562],{"class":517},[39,141410,5073],{"class":53},[39,141412,3369],{"class":150},[988,141414,141415],{"id":35785},[15,141416,35785],{},[20,141418,141419],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[30,141421,141423],{"className":32,"code":141422,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141424,141425,141437],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141426,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141428,34398],{"class":45},[39,141430,50],{"class":49},[39,141432,572],{"class":517},[39,141434,60126],{"class":521},[39,141436,3062],{"class":517},[39,141438,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141440,137],{"class":136},[39,141442,124],{"class":53},[39,141444,34419],{"class":120},[39,141446,117],{"class":53},[39,141448,141032],{"class":120},[39,141450,124],{"class":53},[39,141452,562],{"class":517},[39,141454,60311],{"class":521},[39,141456,562],{"class":517},[39,141458,61],{"class":53},[39,141460,806],{"class":57},[39,141462,5073],{"class":53},[39,141464,3369],{"class":150},[988,141466,141467],{"id":52379},[15,141468,52379],{},[20,141470,141471],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[30,141473,141475],{"className":32,"code":141474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141476,141477,141489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141478,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141480,34398],{"class":45},[39,141482,50],{"class":49},[39,141484,572],{"class":517},[39,141486,60126],{"class":521},[39,141488,3062],{"class":517},[39,141490,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141492,137],{"class":136},[39,141494,124],{"class":53},[39,141496,34419],{"class":120},[39,141498,117],{"class":53},[39,141500,141032],{"class":120},[39,141502,124],{"class":53},[39,141504,562],{"class":517},[39,141506,141507],{"class":521},"wor",[39,141509,562],{"class":517},[39,141511,61],{"class":53},[39,141513,806],{"class":57},[39,141515,61],{"class":53},[39,141517,53855],{"class":57},[39,141519,5073],{"class":53},[39,141521,3369],{"class":150},[988,141523,141525],{"id":141524},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141527,141528,141530],{},[15,141529,141195],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[30,141532,141534],{"className":32,"code":141533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141535,141536,141549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141537,141538,141540,141542,141544,141547],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141539,126039],{"class":45},[39,141541,50],{"class":49},[39,141543,572],{"class":517},[39,141545,141546],{"class":521},"img_001.png",[39,141548,3062],{"class":517},[39,141550,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141568,141570,141572,141574,141577,141579,141581],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141552,137],{"class":136},[39,141554,124],{"class":53},[39,141556,126057],{"class":120},[39,141558,117],{"class":53},[39,141560,141032],{"class":120},[39,141562,5223],{"class":53},[39,141564,562],{"class":517},[39,141566,141567],{"class":521},"img_",[39,141569,562],{"class":517},[39,141571,61],{"class":53},[39,141573,572],{"class":517},[39,141575,141576],{"class":521},"photo_",[39,141578,562],{"class":517},[39,141580,50809],{"class":53},[39,141582,3369],{"class":150},[160,141584,375],{"id":374},[20,141586,141587,141589],{},[15,141588,127324],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[176,141591,141592,141597],{},[179,141593,141594,141596],{},[15,141595,3308],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[179,141598,141599,126641],{},[15,141600,3379],{},[20,141602,141603,141604,6885],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141605,6710],{},[30,141607,141609],{"className":32,"code":141608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141610,141611,141625,141629,141650,141665,141671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141612,141613,141616,141618,141620,141623],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141614,141615],{"class":45},"command ",[39,141617,50],{"class":49},[39,141619,572],{"class":517},[39,141621,141622],{"class":521},"\u002Fhelp",[39,141624,3062],{"class":517},[39,141626,141627],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141628,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141630,141631,141633,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141632,6710],{"class":3584},[39,141634,141635],{"class":45}," command",[39,141637,117],{"class":53},[39,141639,141032],{"class":120},[39,141641,124],{"class":53},[39,141643,562],{"class":517},[39,141645,126848],{"class":521},[39,141647,562],{"class":517},[39,141649,8059],{"class":53},[39,141651,141652,141654,141656,141658,141661,141663],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141653,7785],{"class":136},[39,141655,124],{"class":53},[39,141657,562],{"class":517},[39,141659,141660],{"class":521},"This looks like a command.",[39,141662,562],{"class":517},[39,141664,130],{"class":53},[39,141666,141667,141669],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,141668,27142],{"class":3584},[39,141670,6107],{"class":53},[39,141672,141673,141675,141677,141679,141682,141684],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,141674,7785],{"class":136},[39,141676,124],{"class":53},[39,141678,562],{"class":517},[39,141680,141681],{"class":521},"This is normal text.",[39,141683,562],{"class":517},[39,141685,130],{"class":53},[20,141687,353],{},[30,141689,141691],{"className":32,"code":141690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141692,141693],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141694,141695,141698],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141696,141697],{"class":45},"This looks like a command",[39,141699,121988],{"class":53},[160,141701,718,141703,1285,141705,4104,141707],{"id":141702},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141704,127324],{},[15,141706,35785],{},[15,141708,52379],{},[20,141710,22,141711,4104,141713,141715],{},[15,141712,35785],{},[15,141714,52379],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[176,141717,141718,141723,141728],{},[179,141719,141720,141722],{},[15,141721,35785],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[179,141724,141725,141727],{},[15,141726,52379],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[179,141729,141730],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141732,267],{},[30,141734,141736],{"className":32,"code":141735,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141737,141738,141750,141754,141783,141816],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141739,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141741,34398],{"class":45},[39,141743,50],{"class":49},[39,141745,572],{"class":517},[39,141747,139235],{"class":521},[39,141749,3062],{"class":517},[39,141751,141752],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141753,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141755,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141757,137],{"class":136},[39,141759,124],{"class":53},[39,141761,34419],{"class":120},[39,141763,117],{"class":53},[39,141765,141032],{"class":120},[39,141767,124],{"class":53},[39,141769,562],{"class":517},[39,141771,78992],{"class":521},[39,141773,562],{"class":517},[39,141775,61],{"class":53},[39,141777,94],{"class":57},[39,141779,5073],{"class":53},[39,141781,141782],{"class":150},"        # True\n",[39,141784,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141812,141814],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141786,137],{"class":136},[39,141788,124],{"class":53},[39,141790,34419],{"class":120},[39,141792,117],{"class":53},[39,141794,141032],{"class":120},[39,141796,124],{"class":53},[39,141798,562],{"class":517},[39,141800,133842],{"class":521},[39,141802,562],{"class":517},[39,141804,61],{"class":53},[39,141806,6073],{"class":57},[39,141808,61],{"class":53},[39,141810,141811],{"class":57}," 13",[39,141813,5073],{"class":53},[39,141815,3369],{"class":150},[39,141817,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,141819,137],{"class":136},[39,141821,124],{"class":53},[39,141823,34419],{"class":120},[39,141825,117],{"class":53},[39,141827,141032],{"class":120},[39,141829,124],{"class":53},[39,141831,562],{"class":517},[39,141833,133842],{"class":521},[39,141835,562],{"class":517},[39,141837,61],{"class":53},[39,141839,6073],{"class":57},[39,141841,61],{"class":53},[39,141843,30651],{"class":57},[39,141845,5073],{"class":53},[39,141847,4481],{"class":150},[20,141849,141850,141851,141853],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141852,52379],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[160,141855,141857],{"id":141856},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141859,141860],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141862,141863,141864,49065],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141865,40551],{},[30,141867,141869],{"className":32,"code":141868,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141870,141871,141885,141899,141913,141917,141941,141945,141966,141987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141872,141873,141876,141878,141880,141883],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141874,141875],{"class":45},"filename1 ",[39,141877,50],{"class":49},[39,141879,572],{"class":517},[39,141881,141882],{"class":521},"img_101.jpg",[39,141884,3062],{"class":517},[39,141886,141887,141890,141892,141894,141897],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,141888,141889],{"class":45},"filename2 ",[39,141891,50],{"class":49},[39,141893,572],{"class":517},[39,141895,141896],{"class":521},"photo_202.jpg",[39,141898,3062],{"class":517},[39,141900,141901,141904,141906,141908,141911],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,141902,141903],{"class":45},"filename3 ",[39,141905,50],{"class":49},[39,141907,572],{"class":517},[39,141909,141910],{"class":521},"doc_303.jpg",[39,141912,3062],{"class":517},[39,141914,141915],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,141916,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141918,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,141920,127251],{"class":45},[39,141922,50],{"class":49},[39,141924,933],{"class":53},[39,141926,562],{"class":517},[39,141928,141567],{"class":521},[39,141930,562],{"class":517},[39,141932,61],{"class":53},[39,141934,572],{"class":517},[39,141936,141576],{"class":521},[39,141938,562],{"class":517},[39,141940,130],{"class":53},[39,141942,141943],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,141944,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,141946,141947,141949,141951,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,141948,137],{"class":136},[39,141950,124],{"class":53},[39,141952,141953],{"class":120},"filename1",[39,141955,117],{"class":53},[39,141957,141032],{"class":120},[39,141959,124],{"class":53},[39,141961,127303],{"class":120},[39,141963,5073],{"class":53},[39,141965,3369],{"class":150},[39,141967,141968,141970,141972,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,141969,137],{"class":136},[39,141971,124],{"class":53},[39,141973,141974],{"class":120},"filename2",[39,141976,117],{"class":53},[39,141978,141032],{"class":120},[39,141980,124],{"class":53},[39,141982,127303],{"class":120},[39,141984,5073],{"class":53},[39,141986,3369],{"class":150},[39,141988,141989,141991,141993,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142006],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,141990,137],{"class":136},[39,141992,124],{"class":53},[39,141994,141995],{"class":120},"filename3",[39,141997,117],{"class":53},[39,141999,141032],{"class":120},[39,142001,124],{"class":53},[39,142003,127303],{"class":120},[39,142005,5073],{"class":53},[39,142007,4481],{"class":150},[20,142009,142010],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142012,74493,142013,142017],{},[195,142014,125956,142015,1627],{"href":129550},[15,142016,126014],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[160,142019,123603],{"id":123602},[20,142021,142022,123414],{},[15,142023,127324],{},[20,142025,127001,142026,4104,142029,127008],{},[15,142027,142028],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142030,142031],{},"\"python\"",[30,142033,142035],{"className":32,"code":142034,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142036,142037,142049,142053,142077],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142038,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142040,34398],{"class":45},[39,142042,50],{"class":49},[39,142044,572],{"class":517},[39,142046,7010],{"class":521},[39,142048,3062],{"class":517},[39,142050,142051],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142052,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142054,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142056,137],{"class":136},[39,142058,124],{"class":53},[39,142060,34419],{"class":120},[39,142062,117],{"class":53},[39,142064,141032],{"class":120},[39,142066,124],{"class":53},[39,142068,562],{"class":517},[39,142070,141143],{"class":521},[39,142072,562],{"class":517},[39,142074,5073],{"class":53},[39,142076,3369],{"class":150},[39,142078,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,142080,137],{"class":136},[39,142082,124],{"class":53},[39,142084,34419],{"class":120},[39,142086,117],{"class":53},[39,142088,141032],{"class":120},[39,142090,124],{"class":53},[39,142092,562],{"class":517},[39,142094,128402],{"class":521},[39,142096,562],{"class":517},[39,142098,5073],{"class":53},[39,142100,4481],{"class":150},[20,142102,127093,142103,117],{},[195,142104,142105],{"href":123683},[15,142106,123686],{},[30,142108,142110],{"className":32,"code":142109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142111,142112,142124,142128],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142113,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142115,34398],{"class":45},[39,142117,50],{"class":49},[39,142119,572],{"class":517},[39,142121,7010],{"class":521},[39,142123,3062],{"class":517},[39,142125,142126],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142127,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142129,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142131,137],{"class":136},[39,142133,124],{"class":53},[39,142135,34419],{"class":120},[39,142137,117],{"class":53},[39,142139,8358],{"class":120},[39,142141,8355],{"class":53},[39,142143,141032],{"class":120},[39,142145,124],{"class":53},[39,142147,562],{"class":517},[39,142149,128402],{"class":521},[39,142151,562],{"class":517},[39,142153,5073],{"class":53},[39,142155,3369],{"class":150},[160,142157,4671,142159],{"id":142158},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142160,127324],{},[20,142162,142163,142165],{},[15,142164,127324],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142167,9089],{},[176,142169,142170,142173,142176,142185],{},[179,142171,142172],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[179,142174,142175],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[179,142177,142178,142179,1292,142182],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142180,142181],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142183,142184],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[179,142186,142187],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142189,267],{},[30,142191,142193],{"className":32,"code":142192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142194,142195,142208,142212,142241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142196,142197,142199,142201,142203,142206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142198,126819],{"class":45},[39,142200,50],{"class":49},[39,142202,572],{"class":517},[39,142204,142205],{"class":521},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[39,142207,3062],{"class":517},[39,142209,142210],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142211,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142213,142214,142216,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142215,6710],{"class":3584},[39,142217,142218],{"class":45}," url",[39,142220,117],{"class":53},[39,142222,141032],{"class":120},[39,142224,5223],{"class":53},[39,142226,562],{"class":517},[39,142228,142181],{"class":521},[39,142230,562],{"class":517},[39,142232,61],{"class":53},[39,142234,572],{"class":517},[39,142236,142184],{"class":521},[39,142238,562],{"class":517},[39,142240,69284],{"class":53},[39,142242,142243,142245,142247,142249,142252,142254],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,142244,7785],{"class":136},[39,142246,124],{"class":53},[39,142248,562],{"class":517},[39,142250,142251],{"class":521},"This looks like a web URL.",[39,142253,562],{"class":517},[39,142255,130],{"class":53},[160,142257,2537],{"id":2536},[20,142259,22801,142260,117],{},[15,142261,127324],{},[988,142263,138396],{"id":142264},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142266,142267,123414],{},[15,142268,127324],{},[30,142270,142272],{"className":32,"code":142271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142273,142274,142286],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142277,34398],{"class":45},[39,142279,50],{"class":49},[39,142281,572],{"class":517},[39,142283,7010],{"class":521},[39,142285,3062],{"class":517},[39,142287,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142289,137],{"class":136},[39,142291,124],{"class":53},[39,142293,34419],{"class":120},[39,142295,117],{"class":53},[39,142297,141032],{"class":120},[39,142299,124],{"class":53},[39,142301,562],{"class":517},[39,142303,34],{"class":521},[39,142305,562],{"class":517},[39,142307,5073],{"class":53},[39,142309,4481],{"class":150},[20,142311,38975],{},[30,142313,142315],{"className":32,"code":142314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142316,142317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142320,137],{"class":136},[39,142322,124],{"class":53},[39,142324,34419],{"class":120},[39,142326,117],{"class":53},[39,142328,8358],{"class":120},[39,142330,8355],{"class":53},[39,142332,141032],{"class":120},[39,142334,124],{"class":53},[39,142336,562],{"class":517},[39,142338,34],{"class":521},[39,142340,562],{"class":517},[39,142342,5073],{"class":53},[39,142344,3369],{"class":150},[988,142346,29359,142348,136878],{"id":142347},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142349,127324],{},[20,142351,142352],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[30,142354,142356],{"className":32,"code":142355,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142357,142358,142366,142370,142375],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142359,142360,142362,142364],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142361,2154],{"class":45},[39,142363,50],{"class":49},[39,142365,124638],{"class":57},[39,142367,142368],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142369,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142371,142372],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142373,142374],{"class":150},"# This will cause an error:\n",[39,142376,142377],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,142378,142379],{"class":150},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142381,38975],{},[30,142383,142385],{"className":32,"code":142384,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142386,142387,142401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142390,2154],{"class":45},[39,142392,50],{"class":49},[39,142394,48621],{"class":478},[39,142396,124],{"class":53},[39,142398,49963],{"class":57},[39,142400,130],{"class":53},[39,142402,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142404,137],{"class":136},[39,142406,124],{"class":53},[39,142408,2179],{"class":120},[39,142410,117],{"class":53},[39,142412,141032],{"class":120},[39,142414,124],{"class":53},[39,142416,562],{"class":517},[39,142418,58],{"class":521},[39,142420,562],{"class":517},[39,142422,5073],{"class":53},[39,142424,3369],{"class":150},[988,142426,1282,142428,1285,142430],{"id":142427},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142429,127324],{},[15,142431,3591],{},[20,142433,142434,142436],{},[15,142435,127324],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142438,142439,142440,142442,142443,117],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142441,3591],{}," or methods like ",[195,142444,142445],{"href":123966},[15,142446,123951],{},[30,142448,142450],{"className":32,"code":142449,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142451,142452,142464,142468,142492],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142453,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142455,34398],{"class":45},[39,142457,50],{"class":49},[39,142459,572],{"class":517},[39,142461,60126],{"class":521},[39,142463,3062],{"class":517},[39,142465,142466],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142467,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142469,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142471,137],{"class":136},[39,142473,124],{"class":53},[39,142475,34419],{"class":120},[39,142477,117],{"class":53},[39,142479,141032],{"class":120},[39,142481,124],{"class":53},[39,142483,562],{"class":517},[39,142485,60311],{"class":521},[39,142487,562],{"class":517},[39,142489,5073],{"class":53},[39,142491,4481],{"class":150},[39,142493,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,142495,137],{"class":136},[39,142497,124],{"class":53},[39,142499,562],{"class":517},[39,142501,60311],{"class":521},[39,142503,562],{"class":517},[39,142505,20881],{"class":3584},[39,142507,42557],{"class":120},[39,142509,3366],{"class":53},[39,142511,142512],{"class":150},"           # True\n",[20,142514,135430,142515,117],{},[195,142516,126992],{"href":123211},[988,142518,4414,142520,4104,142522,142524],{"id":142519},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142521,35785],{},[15,142523,52379],{}," use index positions",[20,142526,142527,142528,117],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142529,1826],{},[30,142531,142533],{"className":32,"code":142532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142534,142535,142548,142552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142538,34398],{"class":45},[39,142540,50],{"class":49},[39,142542,572],{"class":517},[39,142544,142545],{"class":521},"abcdef",[39,142547,3062],{"class":517},[39,142549,142550],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142551,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142555,137],{"class":136},[39,142557,124],{"class":53},[39,142559,34419],{"class":120},[39,142561,117],{"class":53},[39,142563,141032],{"class":120},[39,142565,124],{"class":53},[39,142567,562],{"class":517},[39,142569,142570],{"class":521},"cd",[39,142572,562],{"class":517},[39,142574,61],{"class":53},[39,142576,64],{"class":57},[39,142578,5073],{"class":53},[39,142580,3369],{"class":150},[988,142582,142584],{"id":142583},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142586,142587],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142589,16353],{},[30,142591,142593],{"className":32,"code":142592,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142594,142595],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142596,142597],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142598,142592],{"class":150},[20,142600,16365],{},[30,142602,142604],{"className":32,"code":142603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142605,142606,142618],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142607,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142609,34398],{"class":45},[39,142611,50],{"class":49},[39,142613,572],{"class":517},[39,142615,7010],{"class":521},[39,142617,3062],{"class":517},[39,142619,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142645,142647,142649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142621,137],{"class":136},[39,142623,124],{"class":53},[39,142625,34419],{"class":120},[39,142627,117],{"class":53},[39,142629,141032],{"class":120},[39,142631,5223],{"class":53},[39,142633,562],{"class":517},[39,142635,141143],{"class":521},[39,142637,562],{"class":517},[39,142639,61],{"class":53},[39,142641,572],{"class":517},[39,142643,142644],{"class":521},"Ja",[39,142646,562],{"class":517},[39,142648,50809],{"class":53},[39,142650,3369],{"class":150},[20,142652,31791],{},[30,142654,142656],{"className":32,"code":142655,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142657,142658,142668,142682,142704,142730],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142659,142660,142662,142664,142666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142661,137],{"class":136},[39,142663,124],{"class":53},[39,142665,34419],{"class":120},[39,142667,130],{"class":53},[39,142669,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142671,137],{"class":136},[39,142673,124],{"class":53},[39,142675,479],{"class":478},[39,142677,124],{"class":53},[39,142679,34419],{"class":120},[39,142681,486],{"class":53},[39,142683,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142685,137],{"class":136},[39,142687,124],{"class":53},[39,142689,34419],{"class":120},[39,142691,117],{"class":53},[39,142693,141032],{"class":120},[39,142695,124],{"class":53},[39,142697,562],{"class":517},[39,142699,141143],{"class":521},[39,142701,562],{"class":517},[39,142703,486],{"class":53},[39,142705,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,142707,137],{"class":136},[39,142709,124],{"class":53},[39,142711,34419],{"class":120},[39,142713,117],{"class":53},[39,142715,8358],{"class":120},[39,142717,8355],{"class":53},[39,142719,141032],{"class":120},[39,142721,124],{"class":53},[39,142723,562],{"class":517},[39,142725,128402],{"class":521},[39,142727,562],{"class":517},[39,142729,486],{"class":53},[39,142731,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,142733,137],{"class":136},[39,142735,124],{"class":53},[39,142737,34419],{"class":120},[39,142739,117],{"class":53},[39,142741,141032],{"class":120},[39,142743,5223],{"class":53},[39,142745,562],{"class":517},[39,142747,141143],{"class":521},[39,142749,562],{"class":517},[39,142751,61],{"class":53},[39,142753,572],{"class":517},[39,142755,142644],{"class":521},[39,142757,562],{"class":517},[39,142759,2619],{"class":53},[160,142761,1563],{"id":1562},[988,142763,1567,142765,127802],{"id":142764},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142766,127324],{},[20,142768,142769,142770,1292,142772,117],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142771,3308],{},[15,142773,3379],{},[988,142775,1577,142777,142779],{"id":142776},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142778,127324],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142781,142782],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[30,142784,142786],{"className":32,"code":142785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142787,142788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142789,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142791,34419],{"class":45},[39,142793,117],{"class":53},[39,142795,141032],{"class":120},[39,142797,5223],{"class":53},[39,142799,562],{"class":517},[39,142801,195],{"class":521},[39,142803,562],{"class":517},[39,142805,61],{"class":53},[39,142807,572],{"class":517},[39,142809,127],{"class":521},[39,142811,562],{"class":517},[39,142813,486],{"class":53},[988,142815,14612,142817,124292],{"id":142816},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142818,127324],{},[20,142820,129485],{},[988,142822,4890,142824,4104,142826,2199],{"id":142823},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142825,127324],{},[15,142827,3591],{},[20,142829,142830,142832,142833,142835],{},[15,142831,127324],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142834,3591],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[988,142837,28037,142839,4104,142841,1285,142843,2199],{"id":142838},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142840,35785],{},[15,142842,52379],{},[15,142844,127324],{},[20,142846,142847],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[160,142849,1613],{"id":1612},[176,142851,142852,142858,142864,142870,142874],{},[179,142853,142854],{},[195,142855,125956,142856,1627],{"href":129550},[15,142857,126014],{},[179,142859,142860],{},[195,142861,125956,142862,1627],{"href":123966},[15,142863,123951],{},[179,142865,142866],{},[195,142867,125956,142868,1627],{"href":123683},[15,142869,123686],{},[179,142871,142872],{},[195,142873,124355],{"href":123211},[179,142875,142876],{},[195,142877,124711],{"href":50693},[1642,142879,142880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":142882},[142883,142885,142886,142892,142893,142895,142896,142897,142899,142909,142921],{"id":141078,"depth":75,"text":142884},"What startswith() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":141357,"depth":75,"text":141358,"children":142887},[142888,142889,142890,142891],{"id":141195,"depth":99,"text":141195},{"id":35785,"depth":99,"text":35785},{"id":52379,"depth":99,"text":52379},{"id":141524,"depth":99,"text":141525},{"id":374,"depth":75,"text":375},{"id":141702,"depth":75,"text":142894},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141856,"depth":75,"text":141857},{"id":123602,"depth":75,"text":123603},{"id":142158,"depth":75,"text":142898},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":142900},[142901,142902,142904,142906,142908],{"id":142264,"depth":99,"text":138396},{"id":142347,"depth":99,"text":142903},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142427,"depth":99,"text":142905},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142519,"depth":99,"text":142907},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142583,"depth":99,"text":142584},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":142910},[142911,142913,142915,142917,142919],{"id":142764,"depth":99,"text":142912},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142776,"depth":99,"text":142914},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142816,"depth":99,"text":142916},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142823,"depth":99,"text":142918},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142838,"depth":99,"text":142920},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140978,"description":142922},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142929,"title":142930,"body":142931,"description":144385,"extension":1670,"meta":144386,"navigation":102,"path":144387,"seo":144388,"stem":144389,"__hash__":144390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142932,"toc":144355},[142933,142938,142943,142946,142948,142992,142994,143002,143007,143012,143017,143019,143037,143039,143085,143087,143101,143110,143114,143116,143118,143130,143135,143138,143170,143172,143181,143186,143189,143230,143232,143240,143242,143255,143261,143265,143268,143284,143286,143335,143337,143346,143349,143408,143410,143419,143426,143429,143482,143484,143508,143515,143521,143525,143531,143534,143545,143547,143587,143589,143597,143599,143639,143641,143650,143652,143670,143673,143680,143691,143694,143711,143713,143790,143792,143823,143826,143828,143831,143857,143859,143899,143901,143910,143920,143928,143936,143941,143946,143948,143962,143964,144015,144017,144026,144036,144038,144040,144062,144065,144144,144146,144182,144185,144260,144265,144267,144273,144278,144283,144286,144292,144295,144302,144310,144314,144322,144324,144352],[10,142934,122956,142936,18],{"id":142935},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142937,41368],{},[20,142939,32026,142940,142942],{},[15,142941,41368],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142944,142945],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[160,142947,3313],{"id":3312},[30,142949,142951],{"className":32,"code":142950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142952,142953,142966,142981],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142954,142955,142957,142959,142961,142964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142956,34398],{"class":45},[39,142958,50],{"class":49},[39,142960,572],{"class":517},[39,142962,142963],{"class":521},"  hello  ",[39,142965,3062],{"class":517},[39,142967,142968,142971,142973,142975,142977,142979],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,142969,142970],{"class":45},"clean_text ",[39,142972,50],{"class":49},[39,142974,42557],{"class":45},[39,142976,117],{"class":53},[39,142978,8352],{"class":120},[39,142980,1609],{"class":53},[39,142982,142983,142985,142987,142990],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,142984,137],{"class":136},[39,142986,124],{"class":53},[39,142988,142989],{"class":120},"clean_text",[39,142991,130],{"class":53},[20,142993,353],{},[30,142995,142996],{"className":32,"code":138271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,142997,142998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142999,143000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143001,138271],{"class":45},[20,143003,154,143004,143006],{},[15,143005,41368],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[160,143008,3383,143010,3386],{"id":143009},"what-strip-does",[15,143011,41368],{},[20,143013,143014,143016],{},[15,143015,41368],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143018,174],{},[176,143020,143021,143025,143028,143031,143034],{},[179,143022,143023,131306],{},[15,143024,41368],{},[179,143026,143027],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[179,143029,143030],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[179,143032,143033],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[179,143035,143036],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143038,267],{},[30,143040,143042],{"className":32,"code":143041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143043,143044,143057,143061,143075],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143045,143046,143048,143050,143052,143055],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143047,34398],{"class":45},[39,143049,50],{"class":49},[39,143051,572],{"class":517},[39,143053,143054],{"class":521},"  hello world  ",[39,143056,3062],{"class":517},[39,143058,143059],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143060,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,143062,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143064,137],{"class":136},[39,143066,124],{"class":53},[39,143068,34419],{"class":120},[39,143070,117],{"class":53},[39,143072,8352],{"class":120},[39,143074,6907],{"class":53},[39,143076,143077,143079,143081,143083],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,143078,137],{"class":136},[39,143080,124],{"class":53},[39,143082,34419],{"class":120},[39,143084,130],{"class":53},[20,143086,353],{},[30,143088,143090],{"className":32,"code":143089,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143091,143092,143096],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143093,143094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143095,133972],{"class":45},[39,143097,143098],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143099,143100],{"class":45},"  hello world\n",[20,143102,143103,143104,143106,143107,143109],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143105,41368],{},", but the original ",[15,143108,34419],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143111,124708,143112,117],{},[195,143113,124711],{"href":50693},[160,143115,202],{"id":201},[20,143117,26195],{},[176,143119,143120,143125],{},[179,143121,143122],{},[15,143123,143124],{},"string.strip()",[179,143126,143127],{},[15,143128,143129],{},"string.strip(chars)",[988,143131,143133],{"id":143132},"stringstrip",[15,143134,143124],{},[20,143136,143137],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[30,143139,143141],{"className":32,"code":143140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143142,143143,143156],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143144,143145,143147,143149,143151,143154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143146,7592],{"class":45},[39,143148,50],{"class":49},[39,143150,572],{"class":517},[39,143152,143153],{"class":521},"  Alice  ",[39,143155,3062],{"class":517},[39,143157,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143159,137],{"class":136},[39,143161,124],{"class":53},[39,143163,7382],{"class":120},[39,143165,117],{"class":53},[39,143167,8352],{"class":120},[39,143169,6907],{"class":53},[20,143171,353],{},[30,143173,143175],{"className":32,"code":143174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Alice\n",[15,143176,143177],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143178,143179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143180,143174],{"class":45},[988,143182,143184],{"id":143183},"stringstripchars",[15,143185,143129],{},[20,143187,143188],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[30,143190,143192],{"className":32,"code":143191,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143193,143194,143207],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143195,143196,143198,143200,143202,143205],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143197,34398],{"class":45},[39,143199,50],{"class":49},[39,143201,572],{"class":517},[39,143203,143204],{"class":521},"!!hello??",[39,143206,3062],{"class":517},[39,143208,143209,143211,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221,143223,143226,143228],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143210,137],{"class":136},[39,143212,124],{"class":53},[39,143214,34419],{"class":120},[39,143216,117],{"class":53},[39,143218,8352],{"class":120},[39,143220,124],{"class":53},[39,143222,562],{"class":517},[39,143224,143225],{"class":521},"!?",[39,143227,562],{"class":517},[39,143229,486],{"class":53},[20,143231,353],{},[30,143233,143234],{"className":32,"code":138271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,143235,143236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143237,143238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143239,138271],{"class":45},[20,143241,83541],{},[176,143243,143244,143249],{},[179,143245,143246,143248],{},[15,143247,134215],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[179,143250,143251,143252,143254],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143253,134215],{}," does not matter",[160,143256,143258,143259],{"id":143257},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143260,41368],{},[20,143262,30593,143263,117],{},[15,143264,41368],{},[20,143266,143267],{},"It is useful for:",[176,143269,143270,143275,143278,143281],{},[179,143271,143272,143273,3594],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143274,2665],{},[179,143276,143277],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[179,143279,143280],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[179,143282,143283],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143285,48078],{},[30,143287,143289],{"className":32,"code":143288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143290,143291,143304,143320,143324],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143292,143293,143295,143297,143299,143302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143294,7677],{"class":45},[39,143296,50],{"class":49},[39,143298,572],{"class":517},[39,143300,143301],{"class":521},"  sam  ",[39,143303,3062],{"class":517},[39,143305,143306,143309,143311,143314,143316,143318],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143307,143308],{"class":45},"clean_username ",[39,143310,50],{"class":49},[39,143312,143313],{"class":45}," username",[39,143315,117],{"class":53},[39,143317,8352],{"class":120},[39,143319,1609],{"class":53},[39,143321,143322],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143323,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,143325,143326,143328,143330,143333],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,143327,137],{"class":136},[39,143329,124],{"class":53},[39,143331,143332],{"class":120},"clean_username",[39,143334,130],{"class":53},[20,143336,353],{},[30,143338,143340],{"className":32,"code":143339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sam\n",[15,143341,143342],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143343,143344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143345,143339],{"class":45},[20,143347,143348],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[30,143350,143352],{"className":32,"code":143351,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143353,143354,143367,143371,143393],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143355,143356,143358,143360,143362,143365],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143357,136199],{"class":45},[39,143359,50],{"class":49},[39,143361,572],{"class":517},[39,143363,143364],{"class":521}," yes  ",[39,143366,3062],{"class":517},[39,143368,143369],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143370,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,143372,143373,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143374,6710],{"class":3584},[39,143376,136219],{"class":45},[39,143378,117],{"class":53},[39,143380,8352],{"class":120},[39,143382,7079],{"class":53},[39,143384,6122],{"class":49},[39,143386,572],{"class":517},[39,143388,8375],{"class":521},[39,143390,562],{"class":517},[39,143392,6107],{"class":53},[39,143394,143395,143397,143399,143401,143404,143406],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,143396,7785],{"class":136},[39,143398,124],{"class":53},[39,143400,562],{"class":517},[39,143402,143403],{"class":521},"Matched",[39,143405,562],{"class":517},[39,143407,130],{"class":53},[20,143409,353],{},[30,143411,143413],{"className":32,"code":143412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Matched\n",[15,143414,143415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143416,143417],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143418,143412],{"class":45},[20,143420,143421,143422,117],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[195,143423,143425],{"href":143424},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143427,143428],{},"Example with file-style text:",[30,143430,143432],{"className":32,"code":143431,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143433,143434,143450,143464],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143435,143436,143439,143441,143443,143446,143448],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143437,143438],{"class":45},"line ",[39,143440,50],{"class":49},[39,143442,572],{"class":517},[39,143444,143445],{"class":521},"Python basics",[39,143447,86872],{"class":34163},[39,143449,3062],{"class":517},[39,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143453,137],{"class":136},[39,143455,124],{"class":53},[39,143457,41494],{"class":136},[39,143459,124],{"class":53},[39,143461,41],{"class":120},[39,143463,486],{"class":53},[39,143465,143466,143468,143470,143472,143474,143476,143478,143480],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143467,137],{"class":136},[39,143469,124],{"class":53},[39,143471,41494],{"class":136},[39,143473,124],{"class":53},[39,143475,41],{"class":120},[39,143477,117],{"class":53},[39,143479,8352],{"class":120},[39,143481,6003],{"class":53},[20,143483,353],{},[30,143485,143487],{"className":32,"code":143486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143488,143489,143500],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143490,143491,143493,143495,143498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143492,524],{"class":43044},[39,143494,143445],{"class":43048},[39,143496,86872],{"class":143497},"sfi6f",[39,143499,29409],{"class":43044},[39,143501,143502,143504,143506],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143503,524],{"class":43044},[39,143505,143445],{"class":43048},[39,143507,29409],{"class":43044},[20,143509,718,143510,143512,143513,117],{},[15,143511,122170],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143514,86872],{},[20,143516,143517,143518,117],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[195,143519,143520],{"href":87525},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[160,143522,143524],{"id":143523},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143526,143527,143528,117],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143529,143530],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143532,143533],{},"Python will:",[176,143535,143536,143539,143542],{},[179,143537,143538],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[179,143540,143541],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[179,143543,143544],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143546,267],{},[30,143548,143550],{"className":32,"code":143549,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143551,143552,143565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143553,143554,143556,143558,143560,143563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143555,34398],{"class":45},[39,143557,50],{"class":49},[39,143559,572],{"class":517},[39,143561,143562],{"class":521},"??hello!!",[39,143564,3062],{"class":517},[39,143566,143567,143569,143571,143573,143575,143577,143579,143581,143583,143585],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143568,137],{"class":136},[39,143570,124],{"class":53},[39,143572,34419],{"class":120},[39,143574,117],{"class":53},[39,143576,8352],{"class":120},[39,143578,124],{"class":53},[39,143580,562],{"class":517},[39,143582,143225],{"class":521},[39,143584,562],{"class":517},[39,143586,486],{"class":53},[20,143588,353],{},[30,143590,143591],{"className":32,"code":138271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,143592,143593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143594,143595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143596,138271],{"class":45},[20,143598,51798],{},[30,143600,143602],{"className":32,"code":143601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143603,143604,143617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143605,143606,143608,143610,143612,143615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143607,34398],{"class":45},[39,143609,50],{"class":49},[39,143611,572],{"class":517},[39,143613,143614],{"class":521},"abcHelloCba",[39,143616,3062],{"class":517},[39,143618,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143635,143637],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143620,137],{"class":136},[39,143622,124],{"class":53},[39,143624,34419],{"class":120},[39,143626,117],{"class":53},[39,143628,8352],{"class":120},[39,143630,124],{"class":53},[39,143632,562],{"class":517},[39,143634,41275],{"class":521},[39,143636,562],{"class":517},[39,143638,486],{"class":53},[20,143640,353],{},[30,143642,143644],{"className":32,"code":143643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HelloC\n",[15,143645,143646],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143647,143648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143649,143643],{"class":45},[20,143651,5949],{},[20,143653,143654,13763,143657,143659,143660,143662,143663,1896,143665,1900,143667,143669],{},[15,143655,143656],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[382,143658,4340],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143661,41275],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143664,195],{},[15,143666,127],{},[15,143668,9454],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143671,143672],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143674,143675,143676,6343],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[195,143677,143678],{"href":129537},[15,143679,124127],{},[160,143681,143683,980,143685,980,143688],{"id":143682},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143684,41368],{},[15,143686,143687],{},"lstrip()",[15,143689,143690],{},"rstrip()",[20,143692,143693],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[176,143695,143696,143701,143706],{},[179,143697,143698,143700],{},[15,143699,41368],{}," removes from both ends",[179,143702,143703,143705],{},[15,143704,143687],{}," removes from the left side only",[179,143707,143708,143710],{},[15,143709,143690],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143712,267],{},[30,143714,143716],{"className":32,"code":143715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143717,143718,143730,143734,143752,143771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143719,143720,143722,143724,143726,143728],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143721,34398],{"class":45},[39,143723,50],{"class":49},[39,143725,572],{"class":517},[39,143727,142963],{"class":521},[39,143729,3062],{"class":517},[39,143731,143732],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143733,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,143735,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143737,137],{"class":136},[39,143739,124],{"class":53},[39,143741,41494],{"class":136},[39,143743,124],{"class":53},[39,143745,34419],{"class":120},[39,143747,117],{"class":53},[39,143749,8352],{"class":120},[39,143751,6003],{"class":53},[39,143753,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143769],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,143755,137],{"class":136},[39,143757,124],{"class":53},[39,143759,41494],{"class":136},[39,143761,124],{"class":53},[39,143763,34419],{"class":120},[39,143765,117],{"class":53},[39,143767,143768],{"class":120},"lstrip",[39,143770,6003],{"class":53},[39,143772,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143783,143785,143788],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,143774,137],{"class":136},[39,143776,124],{"class":53},[39,143778,41494],{"class":136},[39,143780,124],{"class":53},[39,143782,34419],{"class":120},[39,143784,117],{"class":53},[39,143786,143787],{"class":120},"rstrip",[39,143789,6003],{"class":53},[20,143791,353],{},[30,143793,143795],{"className":32,"code":143794,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143796,143797,143805,143814],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143798,143799,143801,143803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143800,524],{"class":43044},[39,143802,3552],{"class":43048},[39,143804,29409],{"class":43044},[39,143806,143807,143809,143812],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143808,524],{"class":43044},[39,143810,143811],{"class":43048},"hello  ",[39,143813,29409],{"class":43044},[39,143815,143816,143818,143821],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143817,524],{"class":43044},[39,143819,143820],{"class":43048},"  hello",[39,143822,29409],{"class":43044},[20,143824,143825],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[160,143827,107964],{"id":107963},[20,143829,143830],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[176,143832,143833,143841,143851,143854],{},[179,143834,143835,143837,143838,143840],{},[15,143836,143656],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143839,41244],{}," once",[179,143842,143843,143844,1896,143846,1900,143848,143850],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143845,195],{},[15,143847,127],{},[15,143849,9454],{}," from both ends",[179,143852,143853],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[179,143855,143856],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143858,267],{},[30,143860,143862],{"className":32,"code":143861,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143863,143864,143877],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143865,143866,143868,143870,143872,143875],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143867,126039],{"class":45},[39,143869,50],{"class":49},[39,143871,572],{"class":517},[39,143873,143874],{"class":521},"txt_report.txt",[39,143876,3062],{"class":517},[39,143878,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143880,137],{"class":136},[39,143882,124],{"class":53},[39,143884,126057],{"class":120},[39,143886,117],{"class":53},[39,143888,8352],{"class":120},[39,143890,124],{"class":53},[39,143892,562],{"class":517},[39,143894,126092],{"class":521},[39,143896,562],{"class":517},[39,143898,486],{"class":53},[20,143900,353],{},[30,143902,143904],{"className":32,"code":143903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"_report\n",[15,143905,143906],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143907,143908],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143909,143903],{"class":45},[20,143911,143912,143913,1896,143915,1900,143917,143919],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143914,117],{},[15,143916,63007],{},[15,143918,1880],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143921,53372,143922,4493,143925,143927],{},[15,143923,143924],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[382,143926,4340],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143929,143930,143931,143935],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[195,143932,143933],{"href":129537},[15,143934,124127],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[160,143937,4671,143939],{"id":143938},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143940,41368],{},[20,143942,154,143943,143945],{},[15,143944,41368],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143947,36139],{},[176,143949,143950,143954,143956,143959],{},[179,143951,143272,143952,3594],{},[15,143953,2665],{},[179,143955,143277],{},[179,143957,143958],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[179,143960,143961],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143963,267],{},[30,143965,143967],{"className":32,"code":143966,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143968,143969,143983,143987,144000],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143970,143971,143974,143976,143978,143981],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143972,143973],{"class":45},"email ",[39,143975,50],{"class":49},[39,143977,572],{"class":517},[39,143979,143980],{"class":521},"  user@example.com  ",[39,143982,3062],{"class":517},[39,143984,143985],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,143986,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,143988,143989,143991,143994,143996,143998],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,143990,6710],{"class":3584},[39,143992,143993],{"class":45}," email",[39,143995,117],{"class":53},[39,143997,8352],{"class":120},[39,143999,21303],{"class":53},[39,144001,144002,144004,144006,144008,144011,144013],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144003,7785],{"class":136},[39,144005,124],{"class":53},[39,144007,562],{"class":517},[39,144009,144010],{"class":521},"Email was entered",[39,144012,562],{"class":517},[39,144014,130],{"class":53},[20,144016,353],{},[30,144018,144020],{"className":32,"code":144019,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Email was entered\n",[15,144021,144022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144023,144024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144025,144019],{"class":45},[20,144027,144028,144029,144031,144032,117],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144030,41368],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[195,144033,144034],{"href":123683},[15,144035,123686],{},[160,144037,2537],{"id":2536},[20,144039,83960],{},[176,144041,144042,144046,144051,144056],{},[179,144043,8170,144044,131176],{},[15,144045,41368],{},[179,144047,8170,144048,144050],{},[15,144049,41368],{}," to remove text from the middle",[179,144052,718,144053,144055],{},[15,144054,143924],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[179,144057,4414,144058,144061],{},[15,144059,144060],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144063,144064],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[30,144066,144068],{"className":32,"code":144067,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144069,144070,144084,144088,144098,144112,144126],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144071,144072,144074,144076,144078,144080,144082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144073,34398],{"class":45},[39,144075,50],{"class":49},[39,144077,572],{"class":517},[39,144079,143820],{"class":521},[39,144081,86872],{"class":34163},[39,144083,3062],{"class":517},[39,144085,144086],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144087,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144089,144090,144092,144094,144096],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144091,137],{"class":136},[39,144093,124],{"class":53},[39,144095,34419],{"class":120},[39,144097,130],{"class":53},[39,144099,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108,144110],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144101,137],{"class":136},[39,144103,124],{"class":53},[39,144105,41494],{"class":136},[39,144107,124],{"class":53},[39,144109,34419],{"class":120},[39,144111,486],{"class":53},[39,144113,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122,144124],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,144115,137],{"class":136},[39,144117,124],{"class":53},[39,144119,34419],{"class":120},[39,144121,117],{"class":53},[39,144123,8352],{"class":120},[39,144125,6907],{"class":53},[39,144127,144128,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,144129,137],{"class":136},[39,144131,124],{"class":53},[39,144133,41494],{"class":136},[39,144135,124],{"class":53},[39,144137,34419],{"class":120},[39,144139,117],{"class":53},[39,144141,8352],{"class":120},[39,144143,6003],{"class":53},[20,144145,353],{},[30,144147,144149],{"className":32,"code":144148,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144150,144151,144156,144160,144170,144174],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144152,144153],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144154,144155],{"class":45},"  hello\n",[39,144157,144158],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144159,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144161,144162,144164,144166,144168],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144163,524],{"class":43044},[39,144165,143820],{"class":43048},[39,144167,86872],{"class":143497},[39,144169,29409],{"class":43044},[39,144171,144172],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144173,138271],{"class":45},[39,144175,144176,144178,144180],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,144177,524],{"class":43044},[39,144179,3552],{"class":43048},[39,144181,29409],{"class":43044},[20,144183,144184],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[30,144186,144188],{"className":32,"code":144187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144189,144190,144200,144214,144228,144246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144191,144192,144194,144196,144198],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144193,137],{"class":136},[39,144195,124],{"class":53},[39,144197,34419],{"class":120},[39,144199,130],{"class":53},[39,144201,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210,144212],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144203,137],{"class":136},[39,144205,124],{"class":53},[39,144207,41494],{"class":136},[39,144209,124],{"class":53},[39,144211,34419],{"class":120},[39,144213,486],{"class":53},[39,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144217,137],{"class":136},[39,144219,124],{"class":53},[39,144221,34419],{"class":120},[39,144223,117],{"class":53},[39,144225,8352],{"class":120},[39,144227,6907],{"class":53},[39,144229,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144231,137],{"class":136},[39,144233,124],{"class":53},[39,144235,41494],{"class":136},[39,144237,124],{"class":53},[39,144239,34419],{"class":120},[39,144241,117],{"class":53},[39,144243,8352],{"class":120},[39,144245,6003],{"class":53},[39,144247,144248,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,144249,31861],{"class":136},[39,144251,124],{"class":53},[39,144253,3147],{"class":478},[39,144255,117],{"class":53},[39,144257,8352],{"class":24457},[39,144259,130],{"class":53},[20,144261,144262,144264],{},[15,144263,122170],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[160,144266,1563],{"id":1562},[988,144268,1567,144270,144272],{"id":144269},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144271,41368],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144274,46081,144275,144277],{},[15,144276,41368],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[988,144279,1567,144281,124283],{"id":144280},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144282,41368],{},[20,144284,144285],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[988,144287,4853,144289,144291],{"id":144288},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144290,41368],{}," remove by default?",[20,144293,144294],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[988,144296,33915,144298,33918,144300,2199],{"id":144297},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144299,41368],{},[15,144301,124127],{},[20,144303,144304,144306,144307,144309],{},[15,144305,41368],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144308,124127],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[988,144311,144313],{"id":144312},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144315,127829,144316,144318,144319,144321],{},[15,144317,143687],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144320,143690],{}," for the right side.",[160,144323,1613],{"id":1612},[176,144325,144326,144332,144338,144343,144348],{},[179,144327,144328],{},[195,144329,125956,144330,1627],{"href":123683},[15,144331,123686],{},[179,144333,144334],{},[195,144335,125956,144336,1627],{"href":129537},[15,144337,124127],{},[179,144339,144340],{},[195,144341,144342],{"href":143424},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[179,144344,144345],{},[195,144346,144347],{"href":87525},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[179,144349,144350],{},[195,144351,124711],{"href":50693},[1642,144353,144354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":144356},[144357,144358,144360,144364,144366,144367,144369,144370,144372,144373,144384],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":143009,"depth":75,"text":144359},"What strip() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":144361},[144362,144363],{"id":143132,"depth":99,"text":143124},{"id":143183,"depth":99,"text":143129},{"id":143257,"depth":75,"text":144365},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143523,"depth":75,"text":143524},{"id":143682,"depth":75,"text":144368},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107963,"depth":75,"text":107964},{"id":143938,"depth":75,"text":144371},"When to use strip()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":144374},[144375,144377,144379,144381,144383],{"id":144269,"depth":99,"text":144376},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144280,"depth":99,"text":144378},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144288,"depth":99,"text":144380},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144297,"depth":99,"text":144382},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144312,"depth":99,"text":144313},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142930,"description":144385},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144392,"title":144393,"body":144394,"description":145574,"extension":1670,"meta":145575,"navigation":102,"path":145576,"seo":145577,"stem":145578,"__hash__":145579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144395,"toc":145544},[144396,144401,144406,144411,144413,144459,144467,144472,144486,144492,144494,144496,144511,144513,144523,144526,144557,144560,144583,144585,144588,144645,144647,144661,144663,144677,144683,144688,144691,144732,144734,144743,144751,144754,144799,144801,144810,144813,144817,144822,144836,144838,144870,144872,144892,144895,144900,144905,144907,144918,144921,144978,144980,144988,144997,144999,145001,145007,145009,145046,145048,145056,145058,145099,145101,145110,145115,145120,145122,145149,145156,145159,145190,145192,145201,145207,145216,145247,145249,145261,145274,145278,145283,145313,145315,145382,145384,145394,145396,145401,145404,145409,145414,145418,145424,145430,145433,145435,145493,145495,145503,145505,145541],[10,144397,122956,144399,18],{"id":144398},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144400,127834],{},[20,144402,122961,144403,144405],{},[15,144404,127834],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144407,84337,144408,144410],{},[15,144409,127834],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[160,144412,1711],{"id":1710},[30,144414,144416],{"className":32,"code":144415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144417,144418,144430,144444,144454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144419,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144421,34398],{"class":45},[39,144423,50],{"class":49},[39,144425,572],{"class":517},[39,144427,128675],{"class":521},[39,144429,3062],{"class":517},[39,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144433,109],{"class":45},[39,144435,50],{"class":49},[39,144437,42557],{"class":45},[39,144439,117],{"class":53},[39,144441,34188],{"class":120},[39,144443,1609],{"class":53},[39,144445,144446,144448,144450,144452],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144447,137],{"class":136},[39,144449,124],{"class":53},[39,144451,142],{"class":120},[39,144453,130],{"class":53},[39,144455,144456],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144457,144458],{"class":150},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144460,144461,144463,144464,144466],{},[15,144462,127834],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[382,144465,4340],{}," change the original string in place.",[160,144468,3383,144470,3386],{"id":144469},"what-upper-does",[15,144471,127834],{},[176,144473,144474,144479,144482,144484],{},[179,144475,144476,144478],{},[15,144477,127834],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[179,144480,144481],{},"It works on string values only",[179,144483,133204],{},[179,144485,135922],{},[20,144487,124708,144488,1292,144490,117],{},[195,144489,135928],{"href":135927},[195,144491,124711],{"href":50693},[160,144493,202],{"id":201},[20,144495,1866],{},[30,144497,144499],{"className":32,"code":144498,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.upper()\n",[15,144500,144501],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144502,144503,144505,144507,144509],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144504,60894],{"class":45},[39,144506,117],{"class":53},[39,144508,34188],{"class":120},[39,144510,1609],{"class":53},[20,144512,11172],{},[176,144514,144515,144517,144520],{},[179,144516,97243],{},[179,144518,144519],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[179,144521,144522],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144524,144525],{},"Example with a variable:",[30,144527,144529],{"className":32,"code":144528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144530,144531,144543],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144532,144533,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144534,7592],{"class":45},[39,144536,50],{"class":49},[39,144538,572],{"class":517},[39,144540,34],{"class":521},[39,144542,3062],{"class":517},[39,144544,144545,144547,144549,144551,144553,144555],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144546,137],{"class":136},[39,144548,124],{"class":53},[39,144550,7382],{"class":120},[39,144552,117],{"class":53},[39,144554,34188],{"class":120},[39,144556,6907],{"class":53},[20,144558,144559],{},"Example with a string literal:",[30,144561,144563],{"className":32,"code":144562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144564,144565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144566,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144568,137],{"class":136},[39,144570,124],{"class":53},[39,144572,562],{"class":517},[39,144574,3552],{"class":521},[39,144576,562],{"class":517},[39,144578,117],{"class":53},[39,144580,34188],{"class":120},[39,144582,6907],{"class":53},[160,144584,542],{"id":541},[20,144586,144587],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[30,144589,144591],{"className":32,"code":144590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144592,144593,144605,144620,144624,144634],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144594,144595,144597,144599,144601,144603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144596,5868],{"class":45},[39,144598,50],{"class":49},[39,144600,572],{"class":517},[39,144602,3798],{"class":521},[39,144604,3062],{"class":517},[39,144606,144607,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144608,144609],{"class":45},"uppercase_word ",[39,144611,50],{"class":49},[39,144613,38094],{"class":45},[39,144615,117],{"class":53},[39,144617,34188],{"class":120},[39,144619,1609],{"class":53},[39,144621,144622],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144623,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144627,137],{"class":136},[39,144629,124],{"class":53},[39,144631,38104],{"class":120},[39,144633,130],{"class":53},[39,144635,144636,144638,144640,144643],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,144637,137],{"class":136},[39,144639,124],{"class":53},[39,144641,144642],{"class":120},"uppercase_word",[39,144644,130],{"class":53},[20,144646,353],{},[30,144648,144650],{"className":32,"code":144649,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144651,144652,144656],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144653,144654],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144655,70127],{"class":45},[39,144657,144658],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144659,144660],{"class":34163},"BANANA\n",[20,144662,112070],{},[176,144664,144665,144670],{},[179,144666,144667,144669],{},[15,144668,38104],{}," keeps its original value",[179,144671,144672,144674,144675],{},[15,144673,144642],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144676,127834],{},[160,144678,144680,144682],{"id":144679},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144681,127834],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144684,136588,144685,144687],{},[382,144686,136591],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144689,144690],{},"So this method:",[30,144692,144694],{"className":32,"code":144693,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144695,144696,144708,144718,144722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144699,7592],{"class":45},[39,144701,50],{"class":49},[39,144703,572],{"class":517},[39,144705,17510],{"class":521},[39,144707,3062],{"class":517},[39,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144711,7382],{"class":45},[39,144713,117],{"class":53},[39,144715,34188],{"class":120},[39,144717,1609],{"class":53},[39,144719,144720],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144721,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144723,144724,144726,144728,144730],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144725,137],{"class":136},[39,144727,124],{"class":53},[39,144729,7382],{"class":120},[39,144731,130],{"class":53},[20,144733,353],{},[30,144735,144737],{"className":32,"code":144736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"alice\n",[15,144738,144739],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144740,144741],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144742,144736],{"class":45},[20,144744,20685,144745,144747,144748,144750],{},[15,144746,127834],{}," was called, ",[15,144749,7382],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144752,144753],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[30,144755,144757],{"className":32,"code":144756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144758,144759,144771,144785,144789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144760,144761,144763,144765,144767,144769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144762,7592],{"class":45},[39,144764,50],{"class":49},[39,144766,572],{"class":517},[39,144768,17510],{"class":521},[39,144770,3062],{"class":517},[39,144772,144773,144775,144777,144779,144781,144783],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144774,7592],{"class":45},[39,144776,50],{"class":49},[39,144778,35704],{"class":45},[39,144780,117],{"class":53},[39,144782,34188],{"class":120},[39,144784,1609],{"class":53},[39,144786,144787],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144788,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144790,144791,144793,144795,144797],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144792,137],{"class":136},[39,144794,124],{"class":53},[39,144796,7382],{"class":120},[39,144798,130],{"class":53},[20,144800,353],{},[30,144802,144804],{"className":32,"code":144803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ALICE\n",[15,144805,144806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144807,144808],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144809,144803],{"class":34163},[20,144811,144812],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[160,144814,144816],{"id":144815},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144818,144819,144821],{},[15,144820,127834],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[176,144823,144824,144827,144830,144833],{},[179,144825,144826],{},"Numbers stay the same",[179,144828,144829],{},"Spaces stay the same",[179,144831,144832],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[179,144834,144835],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144837,267],{},[30,144839,144841],{"className":32,"code":144840,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144842,144843,144856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144844,144845,144847,144849,144851,144854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144846,34398],{"class":45},[39,144848,50],{"class":49},[39,144850,572],{"class":517},[39,144852,144853],{"class":521},"Room 7, table #3!",[39,144855,3062],{"class":517},[39,144857,144858,144860,144862,144864,144866,144868],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144859,137],{"class":136},[39,144861,124],{"class":53},[39,144863,34419],{"class":120},[39,144865,117],{"class":53},[39,144867,34188],{"class":120},[39,144869,6907],{"class":53},[20,144871,353],{},[30,144873,144875],{"className":32,"code":144874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144876,144877],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144878,144879,144882,144884,144886,144889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144880,144881],{"class":34163},"ROOM",[39,144883,5707],{"class":57},[39,144885,61],{"class":53},[39,144887,144888],{"class":34163}," TABLE",[39,144890,144891],{"class":150}," #3!\n",[20,144893,144894],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[160,144896,4671,144898],{"id":144897},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144899,127834],{},[20,144901,144902,144904],{},[15,144903,127834],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144906,48056],{},[176,144908,144909,144912,144915],{},[179,144910,144911],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[179,144913,144914],{},"Format labels or headings",[179,144916,144917],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144919,144920],{},"Example: simple comparison",[30,144922,144924],{"className":32,"code":144923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144925,144926,144938,144942,144964],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144929,136199],{"class":45},[39,144931,50],{"class":49},[39,144933,572],{"class":517},[39,144935,8375],{"class":521},[39,144937,3062],{"class":517},[39,144939,144940],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,144941,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,144943,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,144945,6710],{"class":3584},[39,144947,136219],{"class":45},[39,144949,117],{"class":53},[39,144951,34188],{"class":120},[39,144953,7079],{"class":53},[39,144955,6122],{"class":49},[39,144957,572],{"class":517},[39,144959,136206],{"class":521},[39,144961,562],{"class":517},[39,144963,6107],{"class":53},[39,144965,144966,144968,144970,144972,144974,144976],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,144967,7785],{"class":136},[39,144969,124],{"class":53},[39,144971,562],{"class":517},[39,144973,143403],{"class":521},[39,144975,562],{"class":517},[39,144977,130],{"class":53},[20,144979,353],{},[30,144981,144982],{"className":32,"code":143412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,144983,144984],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144985,144986],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144987,143412],{"class":45},[20,144989,144990,144991,1896,144993,1900,144995,117],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144992,8375],{},[15,144994,136992],{},[15,144996,136206],{},[160,144998,2537],{"id":2536},[988,145000,95608],{"id":95607},[20,145002,7833,145003,145006],{},[15,145004,145005],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145008,16353],{},[30,145010,145012],{"className":32,"code":145011,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145013,145014,145026,145036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145015,145016,145018,145020,145022,145024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145017,34398],{"class":45},[39,145019,50],{"class":49},[39,145021,572],{"class":517},[39,145023,3552],{"class":521},[39,145025,3062],{"class":517},[39,145027,145028,145030,145032,145034],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145029,34419],{"class":45},[39,145031,117],{"class":53},[39,145033,34188],{"class":120},[39,145035,1609],{"class":53},[39,145037,145038,145040,145042,145044],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145039,137],{"class":136},[39,145041,124],{"class":53},[39,145043,34419],{"class":120},[39,145045,130],{"class":53},[20,145047,353],{},[30,145049,145050],{"className":32,"code":138271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145051,145052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145053,145054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145055,138271],{"class":45},[20,145057,16365],{},[30,145059,145061],{"className":32,"code":145060,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145062,145063,145075,145089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145064,145065,145067,145069,145071,145073],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145066,34398],{"class":45},[39,145068,50],{"class":49},[39,145070,572],{"class":517},[39,145072,3552],{"class":521},[39,145074,3062],{"class":517},[39,145076,145077,145079,145081,145083,145085,145087],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145078,34398],{"class":45},[39,145080,50],{"class":49},[39,145082,42557],{"class":45},[39,145084,117],{"class":53},[39,145086,34188],{"class":120},[39,145088,1609],{"class":53},[39,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145092,137],{"class":136},[39,145094,124],{"class":53},[39,145096,34419],{"class":120},[39,145098,130],{"class":53},[20,145100,353],{},[30,145102,145104],{"className":32,"code":145103,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HELLO\n",[15,145105,145106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145107,145108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145109,145103],{"class":34163},[988,145111,18614,145113,136878],{"id":145112},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145114,127834],{},[20,145116,145117,145119],{},[15,145118,127834],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145121,267],{},[30,145123,145125],{"className":32,"code":145124,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145126,145127,145135],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145128,145129,145131,145133],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145130,1924],{"class":45},[39,145132,50],{"class":49},[39,145134,124638],{"class":57},[39,145136,145137,145139,145141,145143,145145,145147],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145138,137],{"class":136},[39,145140,124],{"class":53},[39,145142,1946],{"class":120},[39,145144,117],{"class":53},[39,145146,34188],{"class":120},[39,145148,6907],{"class":53},[20,145150,39367,145151,145153,145154,33310],{},[15,145152,1895],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145155,127834],{},[20,145157,145158],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[30,145160,145162],{"className":32,"code":145161,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145163,145164,145172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145165,145166,145168,145170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145167,1924],{"class":45},[39,145169,50],{"class":49},[39,145171,124638],{"class":57},[39,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145175,137],{"class":136},[39,145177,124],{"class":53},[39,145179,3147],{"class":478},[39,145181,124],{"class":53},[39,145183,1946],{"class":120},[39,145185,8349],{"class":53},[39,145187,34188],{"class":120},[39,145189,6907],{"class":53},[20,145191,353],{},[30,145193,145195],{"className":32,"code":145194,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"123\n",[15,145196,145197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145198,145199],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145200,145194],{"class":57},[988,145202,1282,145204,145206],{"id":145203},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145205,127834],{}," with title case",[20,145208,145209,145211,145212,145215],{},[15,145210,127834],{}," makes ",[382,145213,145214],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[30,145217,145219],{"className":32,"code":145218,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145220,145221,145233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145222,145223,145225,145227,145229,145231],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145224,34398],{"class":45},[39,145226,50],{"class":49},[39,145228,572],{"class":517},[39,145230,60126],{"class":521},[39,145232,3062],{"class":517},[39,145234,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243,145245],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145236,137],{"class":136},[39,145238,124],{"class":53},[39,145240,34419],{"class":120},[39,145242,117],{"class":53},[39,145244,34188],{"class":120},[39,145246,6907],{"class":53},[20,145248,353],{},[30,145250,145252],{"className":32,"code":145251,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145253,145254],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145255,145256,145258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145257,135980],{"class":34163},[39,145259,145260],{"class":34163}," WORLD\n",[20,145262,145263,145264,145268,145269,145273],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[195,145265,145266],{"href":123683},[15,145267,123686],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[195,145270,145271],{"href":129537},[15,145272,124127],{}," changes parts of a string.",[160,145275,145277],{"id":145276},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145279,145280,145281,1250],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145282,127834],{},[176,145284,145285,145292,145299,145306],{},[179,145286,145287,145291],{},[195,145288,145289],{"href":123683},[15,145290,123686],{}," for lowercase text",[179,145293,145294,145298],{},[195,145295,145296],{"href":136526},[15,145297,41368],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[179,145300,145301,145305],{},[195,145302,145303],{"href":129537},[15,145304,124127],{}," for changing parts of a string",[179,145307,145308,4104,145310,145312],{},[15,145309,127324],{},[15,145311,126014],{}," for checks",[20,145314,267],{},[30,145316,145318],{"className":32,"code":145317,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145319,145320,145332,145336,145351,145367,145371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145321,145322,145324,145326,145328,145330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145323,34398],{"class":45},[39,145325,50],{"class":49},[39,145327,572],{"class":517},[39,145329,143054],{"class":521},[39,145331,3062],{"class":517},[39,145333,145334],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145335,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,145337,145338,145341,145343,145345,145347,145349],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145339,145340],{"class":45},"cleaned ",[39,145342,50],{"class":49},[39,145344,42557],{"class":45},[39,145346,117],{"class":53},[39,145348,8352],{"class":120},[39,145350,1609],{"class":53},[39,145352,145353,145356,145358,145361,145363,145365],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,145354,145355],{"class":45},"loud ",[39,145357,50],{"class":49},[39,145359,145360],{"class":45}," cleaned",[39,145362,117],{"class":53},[39,145364,34188],{"class":120},[39,145366,1609],{"class":53},[39,145368,145369],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,145370,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,145372,145373,145375,145377,145380],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,145374,137],{"class":136},[39,145376,124],{"class":53},[39,145378,145379],{"class":120},"loud",[39,145381,130],{"class":53},[20,145383,353],{},[30,145385,145386],{"className":32,"code":145251,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145387,145388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145389,145390,145392],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145391,135980],{"class":34163},[39,145393,145260],{"class":34163},[160,145395,1563],{"id":1562},[988,145397,1567,145399,124283],{"id":145398},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145400,127834],{},[20,145402,145403],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[988,145405,1567,145407,137260],{"id":145406},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145408,127834],{},[20,145410,145411,145412,117],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145413,145005],{},[988,145415,145417],{"id":145416},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145419,145420,145421,145423],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145422,127834],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[988,145425,28037,145427,145429],{"id":145426},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145428,127834],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145431,145432],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145434,267],{},[30,145436,145438],{"className":32,"code":145437,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145439,145440,145452,145465,145469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145441,145442,145444,145446,145448,145450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145443,46],{"class":45},[39,145445,50],{"class":49},[39,145447,572],{"class":517},[39,145449,34],{"class":521},[39,145451,3062],{"class":517},[39,145453,145454,145456,145458,145460,145463],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145455,78],{"class":45},[39,145457,50],{"class":49},[39,145459,572],{"class":517},[39,145461,145462],{"class":521},"PYTHON",[39,145464,3062],{"class":517},[39,145466,145467],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145468,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,145472,137],{"class":136},[39,145474,124],{"class":53},[39,145476,195],{"class":120},[39,145478,117],{"class":53},[39,145480,34188],{"class":120},[39,145482,7079],{"class":53},[39,145484,6122],{"class":49},[39,145486,2266],{"class":120},[39,145488,117],{"class":53},[39,145490,34188],{"class":120},[39,145492,6907],{"class":53},[20,145494,353],{},[30,145496,145497],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145498,145499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145500,145501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145502,3689],{"class":3559},[160,145504,1613],{"id":1612},[176,145506,145507,145511,145517,145523,145529,145533,145537],{},[179,145508,145509],{},[195,145510,124711],{"href":50693},[179,145512,145513],{},[195,145514,125956,145515,1627],{"href":123683},[15,145516,123686],{},[179,145518,145519],{},[195,145520,125956,145521,1627],{"href":136526},[15,145522,41368],{},[179,145524,145525],{},[195,145526,125956,145527,1627],{"href":129537},[15,145528,124127],{},[179,145530,145531],{},[195,145532,90402],{"href":89411},[179,145534,145535],{},[195,145536,124355],{"href":123211},[179,145538,145539],{},[195,145540,137346],{"href":135927},[1642,145542,145543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":145545},[145546,145547,145549,145550,145551,145553,145554,145556,145563,145564,145573],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":144469,"depth":75,"text":145548},"What upper() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":144679,"depth":75,"text":145552},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144815,"depth":75,"text":144816},{"id":144897,"depth":75,"text":145555},"When to use upper()",{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":145557},[145558,145559,145561],{"id":95607,"depth":99,"text":95608},{"id":145112,"depth":99,"text":145560},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145203,"depth":99,"text":145562},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145276,"depth":75,"text":145277},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":145565},[145566,145568,145570,145571],{"id":145398,"depth":99,"text":145567},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145406,"depth":99,"text":145569},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145416,"depth":99,"text":145417},{"id":145426,"depth":99,"text":145572},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144393,"description":145574},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145581,"title":145582,"body":145583,"description":147460,"extension":1670,"meta":147461,"navigation":102,"path":147462,"seo":147463,"stem":147464,"__hash__":147465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145584,"toc":147410},[145585,145591,145598,145604,145606,145662,145667,145672,145677,145680,145699,145702,145704,145728,145746,145757,145759,145762,145815,145817,145825,145827,145845,145850,145853,145910,145912,145921,145924,145944,145947,145953,145958,145960,146003,146005,146013,146016,146057,146059,146068,146074,146080,146107,146109,146117,146122,146126,146138,146181,146183,146191,146196,146202,146207,146211,146213,146256,146259,146306,146308,146317,146324,146328,146331,146377,146382,146386,146388,146431,146434,146442,146444,146449,146451,146453,146472,146475,146487,146489,146508,146510,146518,146522,146524,146575,146578,146653,146655,146663,146666,146670,146672,146719,146722,146793,146795,146803,146809,146811,146886,146890,146969,146971,146979,146985,146991,146996,147001,147050,147054,147125,147128,147133,147144,147147,147158,147168,147170,147175,147200,147205,147286,147288,147313,147315,147320,147323,147329,147338,147344,147347,147353,147359,147366,147369,147371,147407],[10,145586,13,145588,3283],{"id":145587},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145589,145590],{},"sum()",[20,145592,8840,145593,145595,145596,24471],{},[15,145594,145590],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145597,59718],{},[20,145599,145600,145601,145603],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145602,35785],{}," value and a few important limits.",[160,145605,1711],{"id":1710},[30,145607,145609],{"className":32,"code":145608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145610,145611,145635,145650],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145612,145613,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631,145633],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145614,1379],{"class":45},[39,145616,50],{"class":49},[39,145618,3327],{"class":53},[39,145620,58],{"class":57},[39,145622,61],{"class":53},[39,145624,64],{"class":57},[39,145626,61],{"class":53},[39,145628,69],{"class":57},[39,145630,61],{"class":53},[39,145632,94],{"class":57},[39,145634,3340],{"class":53},[39,145636,145637,145639,145641,145644,145646,145648],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145638,40897],{"class":45},[39,145640,50],{"class":49},[39,145642,145643],{"class":136}," sum",[39,145645,124],{"class":53},[39,145647,1457],{"class":120},[39,145649,130],{"class":53},[39,145651,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145653,137],{"class":136},[39,145655,124],{"class":53},[39,145657,40926],{"class":120},[39,145659,3366],{"class":53},[39,145661,26503],{"class":150},[20,145663,154,145664,145666],{},[15,145665,145590],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[160,145668,3383,145670,3386],{"id":145669},"what-sum-does",[15,145671,145590],{},[20,145673,145674,145676],{},[15,145675,145590],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145678,145679],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[176,145681,145682,145685,145688,145693],{},[179,145683,145684],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[179,145686,145687],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[179,145689,145690,145691],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145692,35911],{},[179,145694,145695,145696,145698],{},"Counting ",[15,145697,3308],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145700,145701],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[160,145703,202],{"id":201},[30,145705,145707],{"className":32,"code":145706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145708,145709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145710,145711,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722,145724,145726],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145712,145713],{"class":136},"sum",[39,145715,124],{"class":53},[39,145717,3426],{"class":120},[39,145719,61],{"class":53},[39,145721,35764],{"class":8893},[39,145723,50],{"class":49},[39,145725,1826],{"class":57},[39,145727,130],{"class":53},[176,145729,145730,145735,145740],{},[179,145731,145732,145734],{},[15,145733,3426],{}," is the group of values to add",[179,145736,145737,145739],{},[15,145738,35785],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[179,145741,145742,145743],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145744,145745],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145747,145748,145749,145752,145753,117],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145750,145751,3426],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[195,145754,145755,24324],{"href":35908},[15,145756,35911],{},[160,145758,542],{"id":541},[20,145760,145761],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[30,145763,145765],{"className":32,"code":145764,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145766,145767,145787,145801,145805],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145768,145769,145771,145773,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783,145785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145770,1379],{"class":45},[39,145772,50],{"class":49},[39,145774,3327],{"class":53},[39,145776,1843],{"class":57},[39,145778,61],{"class":53},[39,145780,5718],{"class":57},[39,145782,61],{"class":53},[39,145784,37649],{"class":57},[39,145786,3340],{"class":53},[39,145788,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145790,40897],{"class":45},[39,145792,50],{"class":49},[39,145794,145643],{"class":136},[39,145796,124],{"class":53},[39,145798,1457],{"class":120},[39,145800,130],{"class":53},[39,145802,145803],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145804,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,145806,145807,145809,145811,145813],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,145808,137],{"class":136},[39,145810,124],{"class":53},[39,145812,40926],{"class":120},[39,145814,130],{"class":53},[20,145816,353],{},[30,145818,145819],{"className":32,"code":69561,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145820,145821],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145822,145823],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145824,69561],{"class":57},[20,145826,692],{},[176,145828,145829,145834,145840],{},[179,145830,145831,145833],{},[15,145832,1457],{}," contains three integers",[179,145835,145836,145839],{},[15,145837,145838],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[179,145841,145842,145843],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145844,40926],{},[160,145846,36326,145848,8150],{"id":145847},"using-the-start-value",[15,145849,35785],{},[20,145851,145852],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[30,145854,145856],{"className":32,"code":145855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145857,145858,145878,145896,145900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870,145872,145874,145876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145861,1379],{"class":45},[39,145863,50],{"class":49},[39,145865,3327],{"class":53},[39,145867,58],{"class":57},[39,145869,61],{"class":53},[39,145871,64],{"class":57},[39,145873,61],{"class":53},[39,145875,69],{"class":57},[39,145877,3340],{"class":53},[39,145879,145880,145882,145884,145886,145888,145890,145892,145894],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145881,40897],{"class":45},[39,145883,50],{"class":49},[39,145885,145643],{"class":136},[39,145887,124],{"class":53},[39,145889,1457],{"class":120},[39,145891,61],{"class":53},[39,145893,5718],{"class":57},[39,145895,130],{"class":53},[39,145897,145898],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,145899,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,145901,145902,145904,145906,145908],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,145903,137],{"class":136},[39,145905,124],{"class":53},[39,145907,40926],{"class":120},[39,145909,130],{"class":53},[20,145911,353],{},[30,145913,145915],{"className":32,"code":145914,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"16\n",[15,145916,145917],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145918,145919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145920,145914],{"class":57},[20,145922,145923],{},"This works like:",[176,145925,145926,145931,145936,145940],{},[179,145927,145928,145929],{},"Start at ",[15,145930,2037],{},[179,145932,145933,145934],{},"Add ",[15,145935,58],{},[179,145937,145933,145938],{},[15,145939,85],{},[179,145941,145933,145942],{},[15,145943,307],{},[20,145945,145946],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[160,145948,3383,145950,145952],{"id":145949},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145951,145590],{}," can work with",[20,145954,145955,145957],{},[15,145956,145590],{}," works with numeric values.",[988,145959,40139],{"id":40138},[30,145961,145963],{"className":32,"code":145962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145964,145965,145989],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145966,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145968,3529],{"class":45},[39,145970,50],{"class":49},[39,145972,3327],{"class":53},[39,145974,58],{"class":57},[39,145976,61],{"class":53},[39,145978,64],{"class":57},[39,145980,61],{"class":53},[39,145982,69],{"class":57},[39,145984,61],{"class":53},[39,145986,94],{"class":57},[39,145988,3340],{"class":53},[39,145990,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,145992,137],{"class":136},[39,145994,124],{"class":53},[39,145996,145713],{"class":136},[39,145998,124],{"class":53},[39,146000,5070],{"class":120},[39,146002,486],{"class":53},[20,146004,353],{},[30,146006,146007],{"className":32,"code":2083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146008,146009],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146010,146011],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146012,2083],{"class":57},[988,146014,146015],{"id":51764},"Floats",[30,146017,146019],{"className":32,"code":146018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146020,146021,146043],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146022,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146036,146038,146041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146024,82769],{"class":45},[39,146026,50],{"class":49},[39,146028,3327],{"class":53},[39,146030,40873],{"class":57},[39,146032,61],{"class":53},[39,146034,146035],{"class":57}," 3.75",[39,146037,61],{"class":53},[39,146039,146040],{"class":57}," 1.25",[39,146042,3340],{"class":53},[39,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146046,137],{"class":136},[39,146048,124],{"class":53},[39,146050,145713],{"class":136},[39,146052,124],{"class":53},[39,146054,82805],{"class":120},[39,146056,486],{"class":53},[20,146058,353],{},[30,146060,146062],{"className":32,"code":146061,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.5\n",[15,146063,146064],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146065,146066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146067,146061],{"class":57},[20,146069,146070,146071,117],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[195,146072,146073],{"href":2126},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[988,146075,146077,146078],{"id":146076},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146079,35911],{},[30,146081,146083],{"className":32,"code":146082,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146084,146085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146088,137],{"class":136},[39,146090,124],{"class":53},[39,146092,145713],{"class":136},[39,146094,124],{"class":53},[39,146096,59718],{"class":136},[39,146098,124],{"class":53},[39,146100,58],{"class":57},[39,146102,61],{"class":53},[39,146104,806],{"class":57},[39,146106,2619],{"class":53},[20,146108,353],{},[30,146110,146111],{"className":32,"code":46757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146112,146113],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146114,146115],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146116,46757],{"class":57},[20,146118,113160,146119,117],{},[15,146120,146121],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[988,146123,146125],{"id":146124},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146127,146128,146129,146131,146132,4104,146134,146131,146136,117],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146130,3308],{}," acts like ",[15,146133,58],{},[15,146135,3379],{},[15,146137,1826],{},[30,146139,146141],{"className":32,"code":146140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146142,146143,146167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146144,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146146,51684],{"class":45},[39,146148,50],{"class":49},[39,146150,3327],{"class":53},[39,146152,3308],{"class":3559},[39,146154,61],{"class":53},[39,146156,3616],{"class":3559},[39,146158,61],{"class":53},[39,146160,3625],{"class":3559},[39,146162,61],{"class":53},[39,146164,3625],{"class":3559},[39,146166,3340],{"class":53},[39,146168,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146170,137],{"class":136},[39,146172,124],{"class":53},[39,146174,145713],{"class":136},[39,146176,124],{"class":53},[39,146178,51737],{"class":120},[39,146180,486],{"class":53},[20,146182,353],{},[30,146184,146185],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146186,146187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146188,146189],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146190,46333],{"class":57},[20,146192,146193,146194,117],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146195,3308],{},[160,146197,3383,146199,146201],{"id":146198},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146200,145590],{}," does not work with",[20,146203,146204,146206],{},[15,146205,145590],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[988,146208,146210],{"id":146209},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146212,2544],{},[30,146214,146216],{"className":32,"code":146215,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146217,146218,146242],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146219,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146221,3780],{"class":45},[39,146223,50],{"class":49},[39,146225,3327],{"class":53},[39,146227,562],{"class":517},[39,146229,3552],{"class":521},[39,146231,562],{"class":517},[39,146233,61],{"class":53},[39,146235,572],{"class":517},[39,146237,60311],{"class":521},[39,146239,562],{"class":517},[39,146241,3340],{"class":53},[39,146243,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146245,137],{"class":136},[39,146247,124],{"class":53},[39,146249,145713],{"class":136},[39,146251,124],{"class":53},[39,146253,3824],{"class":120},[39,146255,486],{"class":53},[20,146257,146258],{},"Use string joining instead:",[30,146260,146262],{"className":32,"code":146261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146263,146264,146288],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146265,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146267,3780],{"class":45},[39,146269,50],{"class":49},[39,146271,3327],{"class":53},[39,146273,562],{"class":517},[39,146275,3552],{"class":521},[39,146277,562],{"class":517},[39,146279,61],{"class":53},[39,146281,572],{"class":517},[39,146283,60311],{"class":521},[39,146285,562],{"class":517},[39,146287,3340],{"class":53},[39,146289,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146291,137],{"class":136},[39,146293,124],{"class":53},[39,146295,5986],{"class":517},[39,146297,117],{"class":53},[39,146299,133115],{"class":120},[39,146301,124],{"class":53},[39,146303,3824],{"class":120},[39,146305,486],{"class":53},[20,146307,353],{},[30,146309,146311],{"className":32,"code":146310,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"helloworld\n",[15,146312,146313],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146314,146315],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146316,146310],{"class":45},[20,146318,146319,146320,117],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[195,146321,146322,5496],{"href":41890},[15,146323,47400],{},[988,146325,146327],{"id":146326},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146329,146330],{},"This also causes an error:",[30,146332,146334],{"className":32,"code":146333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146335,146336,146363],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146337,146338,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146339,146340],{"class":45},"lists ",[39,146342,50],{"class":49},[39,146344,56013],{"class":53},[39,146346,58],{"class":57},[39,146348,61],{"class":53},[39,146350,64],{"class":57},[39,146352,930],{"class":53},[39,146354,3327],{"class":53},[39,146356,307],{"class":57},[39,146358,61],{"class":53},[39,146360,94],{"class":57},[39,146362,52961],{"class":53},[39,146364,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146366,137],{"class":136},[39,146368,124],{"class":53},[39,146370,145713],{"class":136},[39,146372,124],{"class":53},[39,146374,5011],{"class":120},[39,146376,486],{"class":53},[20,146378,146379,146381],{},[15,146380,145590],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[988,146383,146385],{"id":146384},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146387,5184],{},[30,146389,146391],{"className":32,"code":146390,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146392,146393,146417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146394,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146396,3529],{"class":45},[39,146398,50],{"class":49},[39,146400,3327],{"class":53},[39,146402,58],{"class":57},[39,146404,61],{"class":53},[39,146406,64],{"class":57},[39,146408,61],{"class":53},[39,146410,572],{"class":517},[39,146412,307],{"class":521},[39,146414,562],{"class":517},[39,146416,3340],{"class":53},[39,146418,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146420,137],{"class":136},[39,146422,124],{"class":53},[39,146424,145713],{"class":136},[39,146426,124],{"class":53},[39,146428,5070],{"class":120},[39,146430,486],{"class":53},[20,146432,146433],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146435,146436,146437,146439,146440,117],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146438,65666],{},", convert them first. See ",[195,146441,2670],{"href":2669},[160,146443,41219],{"id":41218},[20,146445,146446,146447,117],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146448,145590],{},[988,146450,6236],{"id":6235},[20,146452,4235],{},[30,146454,146456],{"className":32,"code":146455,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146457,146458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146461,137],{"class":136},[39,146463,124],{"class":53},[39,146465,145713],{"class":136},[39,146467,124],{"class":53},[39,146469,1843],{"class":57},[39,146471,486],{"class":53},[20,146473,146474],{},"Why it fails:",[176,146476,146477,146482],{},[179,146478,146479,146481],{},[15,146480,1843],{}," is a single integer",[179,146483,146484,146486],{},[15,146485,145590],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146488,6266],{},[30,146490,146492],{"className":32,"code":146491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146493,146494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146495,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146497,137],{"class":136},[39,146499,124],{"class":53},[39,146501,145713],{"class":136},[39,146503,917],{"class":53},[39,146505,1843],{"class":57},[39,146507,2705],{"class":53},[20,146509,353],{},[30,146511,146512],{"className":32,"code":2654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146513,146514],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146515,146516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146517,2654],{"class":57},[988,146519,146521],{"id":146520},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146523,4235],{},[30,146525,146527],{"className":32,"code":146526,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146528,146529,146561],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146530,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146532,3529],{"class":45},[39,146534,50],{"class":49},[39,146536,3327],{"class":53},[39,146538,562],{"class":517},[39,146540,58],{"class":521},[39,146542,562],{"class":517},[39,146544,61],{"class":53},[39,146546,572],{"class":517},[39,146548,85],{"class":521},[39,146550,562],{"class":517},[39,146552,61],{"class":53},[39,146554,572],{"class":517},[39,146556,307],{"class":521},[39,146558,562],{"class":517},[39,146560,3340],{"class":53},[39,146562,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146564,137],{"class":136},[39,146566,124],{"class":53},[39,146568,145713],{"class":136},[39,146570,124],{"class":53},[39,146572,5070],{"class":120},[39,146574,486],{"class":53},[20,146576,146577],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[30,146579,146581],{"className":32,"code":146580,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146582,146583,146615,146643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146584,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146586,3529],{"class":45},[39,146588,50],{"class":49},[39,146590,3327],{"class":53},[39,146592,562],{"class":517},[39,146594,58],{"class":521},[39,146596,562],{"class":517},[39,146598,61],{"class":53},[39,146600,572],{"class":517},[39,146602,85],{"class":521},[39,146604,562],{"class":517},[39,146606,61],{"class":53},[39,146608,572],{"class":517},[39,146610,307],{"class":521},[39,146612,562],{"class":517},[39,146614,3340],{"class":53},[39,146616,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146618,40897],{"class":45},[39,146620,50],{"class":49},[39,146622,145643],{"class":136},[39,146624,124],{"class":53},[39,146626,1895],{"class":478},[39,146628,124],{"class":53},[39,146630,1880],{"class":120},[39,146632,3366],{"class":53},[39,146634,3585],{"class":3584},[39,146636,3588],{"class":120},[39,146638,3591],{"class":3584},[39,146640,3594],{"class":120},[39,146642,130],{"class":53},[39,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,146646,137],{"class":136},[39,146648,124],{"class":53},[39,146650,40926],{"class":120},[39,146652,130],{"class":53},[20,146654,353],{},[30,146656,146657],{"className":32,"code":2361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146658,146659],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146660,146661],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146662,2361],{"class":57},[20,146664,146665],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[988,146667,146669],{"id":146668},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146671,4235],{},[30,146673,146675],{"className":32,"code":146674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146676,146677,146705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146678,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146680,3529],{"class":45},[39,146682,50],{"class":49},[39,146684,3327],{"class":53},[39,146686,58],{"class":57},[39,146688,61],{"class":53},[39,146690,64],{"class":57},[39,146692,61],{"class":53},[39,146694,572],{"class":517},[39,146696,307],{"class":521},[39,146698,562],{"class":517},[39,146700,61],{"class":53},[39,146702,94],{"class":57},[39,146704,3340],{"class":53},[39,146706,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146708,137],{"class":136},[39,146710,124],{"class":53},[39,146712,145713],{"class":136},[39,146714,124],{"class":53},[39,146716,5070],{"class":120},[39,146718,486],{"class":53},[20,146720,146721],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[30,146723,146725],{"className":32,"code":146724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146726,146727,146755,146783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146728,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146730,3529],{"class":45},[39,146732,50],{"class":49},[39,146734,3327],{"class":53},[39,146736,58],{"class":57},[39,146738,61],{"class":53},[39,146740,64],{"class":57},[39,146742,61],{"class":53},[39,146744,572],{"class":517},[39,146746,307],{"class":521},[39,146748,562],{"class":517},[39,146750,61],{"class":53},[39,146752,94],{"class":57},[39,146754,3340],{"class":53},[39,146756,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146758,40897],{"class":45},[39,146760,50],{"class":49},[39,146762,145643],{"class":136},[39,146764,124],{"class":53},[39,146766,1895],{"class":478},[39,146768,124],{"class":53},[39,146770,1880],{"class":120},[39,146772,3366],{"class":53},[39,146774,3585],{"class":3584},[39,146776,3588],{"class":120},[39,146778,3591],{"class":3584},[39,146780,3594],{"class":120},[39,146782,130],{"class":53},[39,146784,146785,146787,146789,146791],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,146786,137],{"class":136},[39,146788,124],{"class":53},[39,146790,40926],{"class":120},[39,146792,130],{"class":53},[20,146794,353],{},[30,146796,146797],{"className":32,"code":2083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146798,146799],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146800,146801],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146802,2083],{"class":57},[988,146804,718,146806,146808],{"id":146805},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146807,145590],{}," to join text",[20,146810,4235],{},[30,146812,146814],{"className":32,"code":146813,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146815,146816,146872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146817,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146819,35803],{"class":45},[39,146821,50],{"class":49},[39,146823,3327],{"class":53},[39,146825,562],{"class":517},[39,146827,133714],{"class":521},[39,146829,562],{"class":517},[39,146831,61],{"class":53},[39,146833,572],{"class":517},[39,146835,11457],{"class":521},[39,146837,562],{"class":517},[39,146839,61],{"class":53},[39,146841,572],{"class":517},[39,146843,63007],{"class":521},[39,146845,562],{"class":517},[39,146847,61],{"class":53},[39,146849,572],{"class":517},[39,146851,60158],{"class":521},[39,146853,562],{"class":517},[39,146855,61],{"class":53},[39,146857,572],{"class":517},[39,146859,60193],{"class":521},[39,146861,562],{"class":517},[39,146863,61],{"class":53},[39,146865,572],{"class":517},[39,146867,75751],{"class":521},[39,146869,562],{"class":517},[39,146871,3340],{"class":53},[39,146873,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146875,137],{"class":136},[39,146877,124],{"class":53},[39,146879,145713],{"class":136},[39,146881,124],{"class":53},[39,146883,35856],{"class":120},[39,146885,486],{"class":53},[20,146887,154,146888,60252],{},[15,146889,133038],{},[30,146891,146893],{"className":32,"code":146892,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146894,146895,146951],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146896,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146898,35803],{"class":45},[39,146900,50],{"class":49},[39,146902,3327],{"class":53},[39,146904,562],{"class":517},[39,146906,133714],{"class":521},[39,146908,562],{"class":517},[39,146910,61],{"class":53},[39,146912,572],{"class":517},[39,146914,11457],{"class":521},[39,146916,562],{"class":517},[39,146918,61],{"class":53},[39,146920,572],{"class":517},[39,146922,63007],{"class":521},[39,146924,562],{"class":517},[39,146926,61],{"class":53},[39,146928,572],{"class":517},[39,146930,60158],{"class":521},[39,146932,562],{"class":517},[39,146934,61],{"class":53},[39,146936,572],{"class":517},[39,146938,60193],{"class":521},[39,146940,562],{"class":517},[39,146942,61],{"class":53},[39,146944,572],{"class":517},[39,146946,75751],{"class":521},[39,146948,562],{"class":517},[39,146950,3340],{"class":53},[39,146952,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,146954,137],{"class":136},[39,146956,124],{"class":53},[39,146958,5986],{"class":517},[39,146960,117],{"class":53},[39,146962,133115],{"class":120},[39,146964,124],{"class":53},[39,146966,35856],{"class":120},[39,146968,486],{"class":53},[20,146970,353],{},[30,146972,146973],{"className":32,"code":133795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146974,146975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146976,146977],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146978,133795],{"class":45},[20,146980,146981,146982,117],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[195,146983,146984],{"href":134876},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[160,146986,146988,146990],{"id":146987},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146989,145590],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146992,146993,146995],{},[15,146994,145590],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[988,146997,718,146999],{"id":146998},"using-sum",[15,147000,145590],{},[30,147002,147004],{"className":32,"code":147003,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147005,147006,147026,147040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147007,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147009,1379],{"class":45},[39,147011,50],{"class":49},[39,147013,3327],{"class":53},[39,147015,2212],{"class":57},[39,147017,61],{"class":53},[39,147019,5707],{"class":57},[39,147021,61],{"class":53},[39,147023,53855],{"class":57},[39,147025,3340],{"class":53},[39,147027,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147029,40897],{"class":45},[39,147031,50],{"class":49},[39,147033,145643],{"class":136},[39,147035,124],{"class":53},[39,147037,1457],{"class":120},[39,147039,130],{"class":53},[39,147041,147042,147044,147046,147048],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147043,137],{"class":136},[39,147045,124],{"class":53},[39,147047,40926],{"class":120},[39,147049,130],{"class":53},[988,147051,147053],{"id":147052},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[30,147055,147057],{"className":32,"code":147056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147058,147059,147079,147087,147091,147103,147111,147115],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147060,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147062,1379],{"class":45},[39,147064,50],{"class":49},[39,147066,3327],{"class":53},[39,147068,2212],{"class":57},[39,147070,61],{"class":53},[39,147072,5707],{"class":57},[39,147074,61],{"class":53},[39,147076,53855],{"class":57},[39,147078,3340],{"class":53},[39,147080,147081,147083,147085],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147082,40897],{"class":45},[39,147084,50],{"class":49},[39,147086,38226],{"class":57},[39,147088,147089],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147090,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,147092,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,147094,5671],{"class":3584},[39,147096,6100],{"class":45},[39,147098,3591],{"class":3584},[39,147100,1433],{"class":45},[39,147102,6107],{"class":53},[39,147104,147105,147107,147109],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,147106,89826],{"class":45},[39,147108,89829],{"class":49},[39,147110,89832],{"class":45},[39,147112,147113],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,147114,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,147118,137],{"class":136},[39,147120,124],{"class":53},[39,147122,40926],{"class":120},[39,147124,130],{"class":53},[20,147126,147127],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147129,2195,147130,147132],{},[15,147131,145590],{}," is often better:",[176,147134,147135,147138,147141],{},[179,147136,147137],{},"Shorter code",[179,147139,147140],{},"Easier to read",[179,147142,147143],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147145,147146],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[176,147148,147149,147152,147155],{},[179,147150,147151],{},"You need to skip some values",[179,147153,147154],{},"You need extra checks",[179,147156,147157],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147159,147160,147161,147164,147165,147167],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[195,147162,147163],{"href":39722},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147166,145590],{}," on the filtered result.",[160,147169,2537],{"id":2536},[20,147171,147172,147173,1250],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147174,145590],{},[176,147176,147177,147183,147190,147197],{},[179,147178,147179,147180],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147181,147182],{},"sum(5)",[179,147184,147185,147186,147189],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147187,147188],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[179,147191,718,147192,147194,147195],{},[15,147193,145590],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147196,133038],{},[179,147198,147199],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147201,8592,147202,147204],{},[15,147203,145590],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[30,147206,147208],{"className":32,"code":147207,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147209,147210,147220,147234,147258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147211,147212,147214,147216,147218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147213,137],{"class":136},[39,147215,124],{"class":53},[39,147217,5070],{"class":120},[39,147219,130],{"class":53},[39,147221,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147223,137],{"class":136},[39,147225,124],{"class":53},[39,147227,479],{"class":478},[39,147229,124],{"class":53},[39,147231,5070],{"class":120},[39,147233,486],{"class":53},[39,147235,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147237,137],{"class":136},[39,147239,917],{"class":53},[39,147241,479],{"class":478},[39,147243,124],{"class":53},[39,147245,1880],{"class":120},[39,147247,3366],{"class":53},[39,147249,3585],{"class":3584},[39,147251,3588],{"class":120},[39,147253,3591],{"class":3584},[39,147255,3594],{"class":120},[39,147257,3597],{"class":53},[39,147259,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,147261,137],{"class":136},[39,147263,124],{"class":53},[39,147265,145713],{"class":136},[39,147267,917],{"class":53},[39,147269,1895],{"class":478},[39,147271,124],{"class":53},[39,147273,1880],{"class":120},[39,147275,3366],{"class":53},[39,147277,3585],{"class":3584},[39,147279,3588],{"class":120},[39,147281,3591],{"class":3584},[39,147283,3594],{"class":120},[39,147285,2705],{"class":53},[20,147287,135609],{},[176,147289,147290,147296,147302,147307],{},[179,147291,147292,147295],{},[15,147293,147294],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[179,147297,147298,147301],{},[15,147299,147300],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[179,147303,147304,135631],{},[15,147305,147306],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[179,147308,147309,147312],{},[15,147310,147311],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[160,147314,1563],{"id":1562},[988,147316,4853,147318,4856],{"id":147317},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147319,145590],{},[20,147321,147322],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[988,147324,1577,147326,147328],{"id":147325},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147327,145590],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147330,29979,147331,1292,147334,147337],{},[15,147332,147333],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147335,147336],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[988,147339,1577,147341,147343],{"id":147340},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147342,145590],{}," work with floats?",[20,147345,147346],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[988,147348,147350,147351,2199],{"id":147349},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147352,145590],{},[20,147354,147355,147356,147358],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147357,35785],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[988,147360,4869,147362,118994,147364,2199],{"id":147361},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147363,145590],{},[15,147365,2711],{},[20,147367,147368],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[160,147370,1613],{"id":1612},[176,147372,147373,147377,147383,147389,147395,147399,147403],{},[179,147374,147375],{},[195,147376,146073],{"href":2126},[179,147378,147379],{},[195,147380,13,147381,3213],{"href":35908},[15,147382,35911],{},[179,147384,147385],{},[195,147386,13,147387,3213],{"href":42073},[15,147388,42076],{},[179,147390,147391],{},[195,147392,13,147393,3213],{"href":41890},[15,147394,47400],{},[179,147396,147397],{},[195,147398,4932],{"href":39722},[179,147400,147401],{},[195,147402,3230],{"href":2669},[179,147404,147405],{},[195,147406,146984],{"href":134876},[1642,147408,147409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":147411},[147412,147413,147415,147416,147417,147419,147427,147433,147440,147446,147447,147459],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":145669,"depth":75,"text":147414},"What sum() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":145847,"depth":75,"text":147418},"Using the start value",{"id":145949,"depth":75,"text":147420,"children":147421},"What sum() can work with",[147422,147423,147424,147426],{"id":40138,"depth":99,"text":40139},{"id":51764,"depth":99,"text":146015},{"id":146076,"depth":99,"text":147425},"Values from range()",{"id":146124,"depth":99,"text":146125},{"id":146198,"depth":75,"text":147428,"children":147429},"What sum() does not work with",[147430,147431,147432],{"id":146209,"depth":99,"text":146210},{"id":146326,"depth":99,"text":146327},{"id":146384,"depth":99,"text":146385},{"id":41218,"depth":75,"text":41219,"children":147434},[147435,147436,147437,147438],{"id":6235,"depth":99,"text":6236},{"id":146520,"depth":99,"text":146521},{"id":146668,"depth":99,"text":146669},{"id":146805,"depth":99,"text":147439},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146987,"depth":75,"text":147441,"children":147442},"sum() vs manual loop",[147443,147445],{"id":146998,"depth":99,"text":147444},"Using sum()",{"id":147052,"depth":99,"text":147053},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":147448},[147449,147451,147453,147455,147457],{"id":147317,"depth":99,"text":147450},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147325,"depth":99,"text":147452},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147340,"depth":99,"text":147454},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147349,"depth":99,"text":147456},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147361,"depth":99,"text":147458},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145582,"description":147460},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147467,"title":147468,"body":147469,"description":148871,"extension":1670,"meta":148872,"navigation":102,"path":148873,"seo":148874,"stem":148875,"__hash__":148876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147470,"toc":148839},[147471,147477,147483,147486,147549,147555,147560,147564,147581,147595,147599,147619,147633,147635,147728,147730,147744,147746,147749,147838,147840,147848,147857,147859,147863,147884,147886,147978,147980,148001,148003,148007,148021,148023,148097,148099,148118,148122,148125,148148,148150,148261,148268,148276,148278,148284,148287,148330,148333,148356,148364,148368,148443,148449,148474,148481,148484,148487,148491,148496,148584,148592,148596,148599,148624,148628,148689,148693,148742,148752,148754,148759,148762,148768,148771,148775,148779,148785,148788,148796,148804,148806,148836],[10,147472,147474,147475,18],{"id":147473},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147476,57009],{},[20,147478,147479,147482],{},[15,147480,147481],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147484,147485],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[30,147487,147489],{"className":32,"code":147488,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147490,147491,147519,147537],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147492,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147494,1379],{"class":45},[39,147496,50],{"class":49},[39,147498,933],{"class":53},[39,147500,58],{"class":57},[39,147502,61],{"class":53},[39,147504,64],{"class":57},[39,147506,61],{"class":53},[39,147508,64],{"class":57},[39,147510,61],{"class":53},[39,147512,69],{"class":57},[39,147514,61],{"class":53},[39,147516,64],{"class":57},[39,147518,130],{"class":53},[39,147520,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147522,109],{"class":45},[39,147524,50],{"class":49},[39,147526,1433],{"class":45},[39,147528,117],{"class":53},[39,147530,40974],{"class":120},[39,147532,124],{"class":53},[39,147534,85],{"class":57},[39,147536,130],{"class":53},[39,147538,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147540,137],{"class":136},[39,147542,124],{"class":53},[39,147544,142],{"class":120},[39,147546,3366],{"class":53},[39,147548,50488],{"class":150},[20,147550,154,147551,147554],{},[15,147552,147553],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[160,147556,3383,147558,3386],{"id":147557},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147559,147481],{},[20,147561,147562,1250],{},[15,147563,147553],{},[176,147565,147566,147572,147575,147578],{},[179,147567,147568,147569,147571],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147570,2179],{}," appears in the tuple",[179,147573,147574],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[179,147576,147577],{},"Returns an integer",[179,147579,147580],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147582,147583,147584,147586,147587,1292,147591,117],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147585,57009],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,147588,147590],{"href":147589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[195,147592,147594],{"href":147593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[160,147596,147598],{"id":147597},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[30,147600,147602],{"className":32,"code":147601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147603,147604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147605,147606,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147607,147608],{"class":45},"my_tuple",[39,147610,117],{"class":53},[39,147612,40974],{"class":120},[39,147614,124],{"class":53},[39,147616,2179],{"class":120},[39,147618,130],{"class":53},[176,147620,147621,147625,147628],{},[179,147622,147623,57174],{},[15,147624,2179],{},[179,147626,147627],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[179,147629,147630,147631],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147632,1826],{},[988,147634,102806],{"id":102805},[30,147636,147638],{"className":32,"code":147637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147639,147640,147680,147704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147641,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147643,12786],{"class":45},[39,147645,50],{"class":49},[39,147647,933],{"class":53},[39,147649,562],{"class":517},[39,147651,565],{"class":521},[39,147653,562],{"class":517},[39,147655,61],{"class":53},[39,147657,572],{"class":517},[39,147659,575],{"class":521},[39,147661,562],{"class":517},[39,147663,61],{"class":53},[39,147665,572],{"class":517},[39,147667,565],{"class":521},[39,147669,562],{"class":517},[39,147671,61],{"class":53},[39,147673,572],{"class":517},[39,147675,584],{"class":521},[39,147677,562],{"class":517},[39,147679,130],{"class":53},[39,147681,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147683,137],{"class":136},[39,147685,124],{"class":53},[39,147687,17209],{"class":120},[39,147689,117],{"class":53},[39,147691,40974],{"class":120},[39,147693,124],{"class":53},[39,147695,562],{"class":517},[39,147697,565],{"class":521},[39,147699,562],{"class":517},[39,147701,5073],{"class":53},[39,147703,57364],{"class":150},[39,147705,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147707,137],{"class":136},[39,147709,124],{"class":53},[39,147711,17209],{"class":120},[39,147713,117],{"class":53},[39,147715,40974],{"class":120},[39,147717,124],{"class":53},[39,147719,562],{"class":517},[39,147721,610],{"class":521},[39,147723,562],{"class":517},[39,147725,5073],{"class":53},[39,147727,50965],{"class":150},[20,147729,19664],{},[176,147731,147732,147737],{},[179,147733,147734,147736],{},[15,147735,65113],{}," appears 2 times",[179,147738,147739,147741,147742],{},[15,147740,109405],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147743,1826],{},[160,147745,542],{"id":541},[20,147747,147748],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[30,147750,147752],{"className":32,"code":147751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147753,147754,147802,147806,147828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147755,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147757,35952],{"class":45},[39,147759,50],{"class":49},[39,147761,933],{"class":53},[39,147763,562],{"class":517},[39,147765,3789],{"class":521},[39,147767,562],{"class":517},[39,147769,61],{"class":53},[39,147771,572],{"class":517},[39,147773,3798],{"class":521},[39,147775,562],{"class":517},[39,147777,61],{"class":53},[39,147779,572],{"class":517},[39,147781,3789],{"class":521},[39,147783,562],{"class":517},[39,147785,61],{"class":53},[39,147787,572],{"class":517},[39,147789,32930],{"class":521},[39,147791,562],{"class":517},[39,147793,61],{"class":53},[39,147795,572],{"class":517},[39,147797,3789],{"class":521},[39,147799,562],{"class":517},[39,147801,130],{"class":53},[39,147803,147804],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147805,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,147807,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147809,109],{"class":45},[39,147811,50],{"class":49},[39,147813,52570],{"class":45},[39,147815,117],{"class":53},[39,147817,40974],{"class":120},[39,147819,124],{"class":53},[39,147821,562],{"class":517},[39,147823,3789],{"class":521},[39,147825,562],{"class":517},[39,147827,130],{"class":53},[39,147829,147830,147832,147834,147836],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,147831,137],{"class":136},[39,147833,124],{"class":53},[39,147835,142],{"class":120},[39,147837,130],{"class":53},[20,147839,353],{},[30,147841,147842],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147843,147844],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147845,147846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147847,46333],{"class":57},[20,147849,147850,147852,147853,2104,147855,117],{},[15,147851,57552],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147854,57009],{},[15,147856,307],{},[160,147858,37733],{"id":37732},[20,147860,57263,147861,128344],{},[15,147862,57009],{},[176,147864,147865,147870,147875,147878],{},[179,147866,11137,147867,147869],{},[15,147868,1826],{}," when the value does not exist",[179,147871,11137,147872,147874],{},[15,147873,58],{}," when the value appears once",[179,147876,147877],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[179,147879,147880,147881,147883],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147882,6710],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147885,267],{},[30,147887,147889],{"className":32,"code":147888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147890,147891,147932,147936,147963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147892,147893,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147894,147895],{"class":45},"answers ",[39,147897,50],{"class":49},[39,147899,933],{"class":53},[39,147901,562],{"class":517},[39,147903,8375],{"class":521},[39,147905,562],{"class":517},[39,147907,61],{"class":53},[39,147909,572],{"class":517},[39,147911,8315],{"class":521},[39,147913,562],{"class":517},[39,147915,61],{"class":53},[39,147917,572],{"class":517},[39,147919,8375],{"class":521},[39,147921,562],{"class":517},[39,147923,61],{"class":53},[39,147925,572],{"class":517},[39,147927,8375],{"class":521},[39,147929,562],{"class":517},[39,147931,130],{"class":53},[39,147933,147934],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,147935,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,147937,147938,147940,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,147939,6710],{"class":3584},[39,147941,147942],{"class":45}," answers",[39,147944,117],{"class":53},[39,147946,40974],{"class":120},[39,147948,124],{"class":53},[39,147950,562],{"class":517},[39,147952,8375],{"class":521},[39,147954,562],{"class":517},[39,147956,3366],{"class":53},[39,147958,38109],{"class":49},[39,147960,5210],{"class":57},[39,147962,6107],{"class":53},[39,147964,147965,147967,147969,147971,147974,147976],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,147966,7785],{"class":136},[39,147968,124],{"class":53},[39,147970,562],{"class":517},[39,147972,147973],{"class":521},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[39,147975,562],{"class":517},[39,147977,130],{"class":53},[20,147979,353],{},[30,147981,147983],{"className":32,"code":147982,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147984,147985],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147986,147987,147990,147992,147994,147996,147999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147988,147989],{"class":45},"The answer ",[39,147991,524],{"class":517},[39,147993,8375],{"class":521},[39,147995,524],{"class":517},[39,147997,147998],{"class":45}," appears more than once",[39,148000,121988],{"class":53},[160,148002,40760],{"id":40759},[20,148004,35117,148005,104269],{},[15,148006,147481],{},[176,148008,148009,148012,148015,148018],{},[179,148010,148011],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[179,148013,148014],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[179,148016,148017],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[179,148019,148020],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148022,267],{},[30,148024,148026],{"className":32,"code":148025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148027,148028,148056,148060,148082],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148029,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148031,4774],{"class":45},[39,148033,50],{"class":49},[39,148035,933],{"class":53},[39,148037,2037],{"class":57},[39,148039,61],{"class":53},[39,148041,7505],{"class":57},[39,148043,61],{"class":53},[39,148045,5718],{"class":57},[39,148047,61],{"class":53},[39,148049,7510],{"class":57},[39,148051,61],{"class":53},[39,148053,5718],{"class":57},[39,148055,130],{"class":53},[39,148057,148058],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148059,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,148061,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148063,6710],{"class":3584},[39,148065,4821],{"class":45},[39,148067,117],{"class":53},[39,148069,40974],{"class":120},[39,148071,124],{"class":53},[39,148073,2037],{"class":57},[39,148075,3366],{"class":53},[39,148077,51006],{"class":49},[39,148079,64],{"class":57},[39,148081,6107],{"class":53},[39,148083,148084,148086,148088,148090,148093,148095],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,148085,7785],{"class":136},[39,148087,124],{"class":53},[39,148089,562],{"class":517},[39,148091,148092],{"class":521},"The score 10 is repeated.",[39,148094,562],{"class":517},[39,148096,130],{"class":53},[20,148098,353],{},[30,148100,148102],{"className":32,"code":148101,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148103,148104],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148105,148106,148109,148111,148113,148116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148107,148108],{"class":45},"The score ",[39,148110,2037],{"class":57},[39,148112,7813],{"class":49},[39,148114,148115],{"class":45}," repeated",[39,148117,121988],{"class":53},[160,148119,148121],{"id":148120},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148123,148124],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[176,148126,148127,148133,148138,148141],{},[179,148128,148129,148130,148132],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148131,57009],{}," still works because it only reads data",[179,148134,148135,148137],{},[15,148136,57009],{}," counts exact matches",[179,148139,148140],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[179,148142,148143,4104,148145,148147],{},[15,148144,58],{},[15,148146,41873],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148149,267],{},[30,148151,148153],{"className":32,"code":148152,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148154,148155,148189,148193,148213,148237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148156,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148170,148172,148174,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148158,3529],{"class":45},[39,148160,50],{"class":49},[39,148162,933],{"class":53},[39,148164,58],{"class":57},[39,148166,61],{"class":53},[39,148168,148169],{"class":57}," 1.0",[39,148171,61],{"class":53},[39,148173,572],{"class":517},[39,148175,148176],{"class":521},"Cat",[39,148178,562],{"class":517},[39,148180,61],{"class":53},[39,148182,572],{"class":517},[39,148184,36761],{"class":521},[39,148186,562],{"class":517},[39,148188,130],{"class":53},[39,148190,148191],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148192,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,148194,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148196,137],{"class":136},[39,148198,124],{"class":53},[39,148200,5070],{"class":120},[39,148202,117],{"class":53},[39,148204,40974],{"class":120},[39,148206,124],{"class":53},[39,148208,58],{"class":57},[39,148210,5073],{"class":53},[39,148212,50812],{"class":150},[39,148214,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,148216,137],{"class":136},[39,148218,124],{"class":53},[39,148220,5070],{"class":120},[39,148222,117],{"class":53},[39,148224,40974],{"class":120},[39,148226,124],{"class":53},[39,148228,562],{"class":517},[39,148230,148176],{"class":521},[39,148232,562],{"class":517},[39,148234,5073],{"class":53},[39,148236,27488],{"class":150},[39,148238,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,148240,137],{"class":136},[39,148242,124],{"class":53},[39,148244,5070],{"class":120},[39,148246,117],{"class":53},[39,148248,40974],{"class":120},[39,148250,124],{"class":53},[39,148252,562],{"class":517},[39,148254,36761],{"class":521},[39,148256,562],{"class":517},[39,148258,5073],{"class":53},[39,148260,27488],{"class":150},[20,148262,4869,148263,4872,148266,2199],{},[15,148264,148265],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148267,85],{},[20,148269,8502,148270,4493,148273,148275],{},[15,148271,148272],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148274,3308],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[160,148277,2537],{"id":2536},[988,148279,718,148281,148283],{"id":148280},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148282,40974],{}," without parentheses",[20,148285,148286],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[30,148288,148290],{"className":32,"code":148289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148291,148292,148316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148293,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148295,1379],{"class":45},[39,148297,50],{"class":49},[39,148299,933],{"class":53},[39,148301,58],{"class":57},[39,148303,61],{"class":53},[39,148305,64],{"class":57},[39,148307,61],{"class":53},[39,148309,64],{"class":57},[39,148311,61],{"class":53},[39,148313,69],{"class":57},[39,148315,130],{"class":53},[39,148317,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148319,137],{"class":136},[39,148321,124],{"class":53},[39,148323,1457],{"class":120},[39,148325,117],{"class":53},[39,148327,40974],{"class":24457},[39,148329,130],{"class":53},[20,148331,148332],{},"To call the method correctly:",[30,148334,148336],{"className":32,"code":148335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148337,148338],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148339,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148341,137],{"class":136},[39,148343,124],{"class":53},[39,148345,1457],{"class":120},[39,148347,117],{"class":53},[39,148349,40974],{"class":120},[39,148351,124],{"class":53},[39,148353,85],{"class":57},[39,148355,486],{"class":53},[988,148357,8170,148358,8173,148360,1292,148362],{"id":58312},[15,148359,57009],{},[15,148361,3308],{},[15,148363,3379],{},[20,148365,148366,58323],{},[15,148367,57009],{},[30,148369,148371],{"className":32,"code":148370,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148372,148373,148405,148427,148431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148374,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148376,35803],{"class":45},[39,148378,50],{"class":49},[39,148380,933],{"class":53},[39,148382,562],{"class":517},[39,148384,195],{"class":521},[39,148386,562],{"class":517},[39,148388,61],{"class":53},[39,148390,572],{"class":517},[39,148392,127],{"class":521},[39,148394,562],{"class":517},[39,148396,61],{"class":53},[39,148398,572],{"class":517},[39,148400,195],{"class":521},[39,148402,562],{"class":517},[39,148404,130],{"class":53},[39,148406,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148408,109],{"class":45},[39,148410,50],{"class":49},[39,148412,69817],{"class":45},[39,148414,117],{"class":53},[39,148416,40974],{"class":120},[39,148418,124],{"class":53},[39,148420,562],{"class":517},[39,148422,195],{"class":521},[39,148424,562],{"class":517},[39,148426,130],{"class":53},[39,148428,148429],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148430,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,148432,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,148434,137],{"class":136},[39,148436,124],{"class":53},[39,148438,142],{"class":120},[39,148440,3366],{"class":53},[39,148442,51133],{"class":150},[20,148444,148445,148446,148448],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148447,3591],{}," is often simpler:",[30,148450,148452],{"className":32,"code":148451,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148453,148454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148455,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148457,137],{"class":136},[39,148459,124],{"class":53},[39,148461,562],{"class":517},[39,148463,195],{"class":521},[39,148465,562],{"class":517},[39,148467,20881],{"class":3584},[39,148469,69817],{"class":120},[39,148471,3366],{"class":53},[39,148473,3369],{"class":150},[988,148475,1282,148477,1285,148479],{"id":148476},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148478,147481],{},[15,148480,57014],{},[20,148482,148483],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148485,148486],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[988,148488,148490],{"id":148489},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148492,148493,148495],{},[15,148494,57009],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[30,148497,148499],{"className":32,"code":148498,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148500,148501,148534,148560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148502,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148504,3780],{"class":45},[39,148506,50],{"class":49},[39,148508,933],{"class":53},[39,148510,562],{"class":517},[39,148512,3789],{"class":521},[39,148514,562],{"class":517},[39,148516,61],{"class":53},[39,148518,572],{"class":517},[39,148520,148521],{"class":521},"pineapple",[39,148523,562],{"class":517},[39,148525,61],{"class":53},[39,148527,572],{"class":517},[39,148529,3789],{"class":521},[39,148531,562],{"class":517},[39,148533,130],{"class":53},[39,148535,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148553,148555,148557],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148537,137],{"class":136},[39,148539,124],{"class":53},[39,148541,3824],{"class":120},[39,148543,117],{"class":53},[39,148545,40974],{"class":120},[39,148547,124],{"class":53},[39,148549,562],{"class":517},[39,148551,148552],{"class":521},"app",[39,148554,562],{"class":517},[39,148556,5073],{"class":53},[39,148558,148559],{"class":150},"    # 0\n",[39,148561,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148563,137],{"class":136},[39,148565,124],{"class":53},[39,148567,3824],{"class":120},[39,148569,117],{"class":53},[39,148571,40974],{"class":120},[39,148573,124],{"class":53},[39,148575,562],{"class":517},[39,148577,3789],{"class":521},[39,148579,562],{"class":517},[39,148581,5073],{"class":53},[39,148583,51133],{"class":150},[20,148585,148586,148589,148590,117],{},[15,148587,148588],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148591,1826],{},[160,148593,148595],{"id":148594},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148597,148598],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[176,148600,148601,148606,148615,148621],{},[179,148602,154,148603,148605],{},[15,148604,3591],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[179,148607,154,148608,148614],{},[195,148609,148611,148612],{"href":148610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148613,58687],{}," to find the position of a value",[179,148616,154,148617,148620],{},[15,148618,148619],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[179,148622,148623],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148625,45756,148626,1250],{},[15,148627,3591],{},[30,148629,148631],{"className":32,"code":148630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148632,148633,148653,148657,148673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148634,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148636,1379],{"class":45},[39,148638,50],{"class":49},[39,148640,933],{"class":53},[39,148642,2212],{"class":57},[39,148644,61],{"class":53},[39,148646,5707],{"class":57},[39,148648,61],{"class":53},[39,148650,53855],{"class":57},[39,148652,130],{"class":53},[39,148654,148655],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148656,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,148658,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148660,137],{"class":136},[39,148662,124],{"class":53},[39,148664,1733],{"class":57},[39,148666,20881],{"class":3584},[39,148668,1433],{"class":120},[39,148670,3366],{"class":53},[39,148672,43570],{"class":150},[39,148674,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,148676,137],{"class":136},[39,148678,124],{"class":53},[39,148680,1843],{"class":57},[39,148682,20881],{"class":3584},[39,148684,1433],{"class":120},[39,148686,3366],{"class":53},[39,148688,43587],{"class":150},[20,148690,45756,148691,1250],{},[15,148692,58687],{},[30,148694,148696],{"className":32,"code":148695,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148697,148698,148722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148699,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148701,1379],{"class":45},[39,148703,50],{"class":49},[39,148705,933],{"class":53},[39,148707,2212],{"class":57},[39,148709,61],{"class":53},[39,148711,5707],{"class":57},[39,148713,61],{"class":53},[39,148715,53855],{"class":57},[39,148717,61],{"class":53},[39,148719,5707],{"class":57},[39,148721,130],{"class":53},[39,148723,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148725,137],{"class":136},[39,148727,124],{"class":53},[39,148729,1457],{"class":120},[39,148731,117],{"class":53},[39,148733,35558],{"class":120},[39,148735,124],{"class":53},[39,148737,1733],{"class":57},[39,148739,5073],{"class":53},[39,148741,27488],{"class":150},[20,148743,148744,148746,148747,148749,148751],{},[15,148745,57009],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9561,148748],{},[15,148750,58687],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[160,148753,1563],{"id":1562},[988,148755,4853,148757,4856],{"id":148756},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148758,147481],{},[20,148760,148761],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[988,148763,1567,148765,148767],{"id":148764},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148766,147481],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148769,148770],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[988,148772,148774],{"id":148773},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148776,11623,148777,117],{},[15,148778,1826],{},[988,148780,1577,148782,148784],{"id":148781},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148783,147481],{}," count strings?",[20,148786,148787],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[988,148789,4890,148791,4104,148793,2199],{"id":148790},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148792,147481],{},[15,148794,148795],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148797,148798,148800,148801,148803],{},[15,148799,57009],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148802,58687],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[160,148805,1613],{"id":1612},[176,148807,148808,148812,148817,148824,148832],{},[179,148809,148810],{},[195,148811,147590],{"href":147589},[179,148813,148814],{},[195,148815,148816],{"href":147593},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[179,148818,148819],{},[195,148820,148821,148822,1627],{"href":148610},"Python tuple ",[15,148823,58687],{},[179,148825,148826],{},[195,148827,148829,148830],{"href":148828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148831,42076],{},[179,148833,148834],{},[195,148835,58675],{"href":58674},[1642,148837,148838],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":148840},[148841,148843,148846,148847,148848,148849,148850,148858,148859,148870],{"id":147557,"depth":75,"text":148842},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147597,"depth":75,"text":147598,"children":148844},[148845],{"id":102805,"depth":99,"text":102806},{"id":541,"depth":75,"text":542},{"id":37732,"depth":75,"text":37733},{"id":40759,"depth":75,"text":40760},{"id":148120,"depth":75,"text":148121},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":148851},[148852,148854,148855,148857],{"id":148280,"depth":99,"text":148853},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58312,"depth":99,"text":58728},{"id":148476,"depth":99,"text":148856},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148489,"depth":99,"text":148490},{"id":148594,"depth":75,"text":148595},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":148860},[148861,148863,148865,148866,148868],{"id":148756,"depth":99,"text":148862},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148764,"depth":99,"text":148864},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148773,"depth":99,"text":148774},{"id":148781,"depth":99,"text":148867},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148790,"depth":99,"text":148869},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147468,"description":148871},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148878,"title":148879,"body":148880,"description":150567,"extension":1670,"meta":150568,"navigation":102,"path":150569,"seo":150570,"stem":150571,"__hash__":150572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148881,"toc":150530},[148882,148885,148888,148897,148899,149029,149031,149092,149098,149100,149120,149124,149127,149130,149165,149167,149188,149191,149230,149232,149257,149264,149268,149271,149308,149310,149333,149336,149339,149351,149357,149361,149364,149370,149411,149413,149436,149439,149480,149482,149509,149511,149528,149530,149547,149550,149554,149557,149559,149593,149595,149642,149646,149685,149689,149692,149749,149751,149792,149798,149804,149809,149811,149848,149850,149870,149872,149905,149907,149940,149943,149947,149980,149982,150007,150010,150012,150026,150033,150035,150038,150042,150045,150080,150083,150118,150122,150125,150164,150167,150206,150210,150212,150242,150245,150252,150254,150286,150289,150321,150324,150355,150357,150374,150378,150381,150445,150447,150451,150458,150462,150465,150469,150472,150476,150479,150484,150490,150492,150527],[10,148883,148879],{"id":148884},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148886,148887],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148889,148890,148891,1292,148895,117],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[195,148892,148894],{"href":148893},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[195,148896,147590],{"href":147589},[160,148898,1711],{"id":1710},[30,148900,148902],{"className":32,"code":148901,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148903,148904,148924,148933,148947,148983,148987,148997,149007,149018],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148905,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148907,1379],{"class":45},[39,148909,50],{"class":49},[39,148911,933],{"class":53},[39,148913,58],{"class":57},[39,148915,61],{"class":53},[39,148917,64],{"class":57},[39,148919,61],{"class":53},[39,148921,69],{"class":57},[39,148923,130],{"class":53},[39,148925,148926,148928,148930],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,148927,124454],{"class":45},[39,148929,50],{"class":49},[39,148931,148932],{"class":53}," ()\n",[39,148934,148935,148938,148940,148942,148944],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,148936,148937],{"class":45},"one_item ",[39,148939,50],{"class":49},[39,148941,933],{"class":53},[39,148943,1843],{"class":57},[39,148945,148946],{"class":53},",)\n",[39,148948,148949,148952,148954,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,148950,148951],{"class":45},"from_list ",[39,148953,50],{"class":49},[39,148955,148956],{"class":478}," tuple",[39,148958,917],{"class":53},[39,148960,562],{"class":517},[39,148962,195],{"class":521},[39,148964,562],{"class":517},[39,148966,61],{"class":53},[39,148968,572],{"class":517},[39,148970,127],{"class":521},[39,148972,562],{"class":517},[39,148974,61],{"class":53},[39,148976,572],{"class":517},[39,148978,9454],{"class":521},[39,148980,562],{"class":517},[39,148982,3597],{"class":53},[39,148984,148985],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,148986,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,148988,148989,148991,148993,148995],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,148990,137],{"class":136},[39,148992,124],{"class":53},[39,148994,1457],{"class":120},[39,148996,130],{"class":53},[39,148998,148999,149001,149003,149005],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,149000,137],{"class":136},[39,149002,124],{"class":53},[39,149004,124505],{"class":120},[39,149006,130],{"class":53},[39,149008,149009,149011,149013,149016],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,149010,137],{"class":136},[39,149012,124],{"class":53},[39,149014,149015],{"class":120},"one_item",[39,149017,130],{"class":53},[39,149019,149020,149022,149024,149027],{"class":41,"line":1487},[39,149021,137],{"class":136},[39,149023,124],{"class":53},[39,149025,149026],{"class":120},"from_list",[39,149028,130],{"class":53},[20,149030,353],{},[30,149032,149034],{"className":32,"code":149033,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149035,149036,149052,149056,149064],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149037,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149039,124],{"class":53},[39,149041,58],{"class":57},[39,149043,61],{"class":53},[39,149045,64],{"class":57},[39,149047,61],{"class":53},[39,149049,69],{"class":57},[39,149051,130],{"class":53},[39,149053,149054],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149055,1609],{"class":53},[39,149057,149058,149060,149062],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,149059,124],{"class":53},[39,149061,1843],{"class":57},[39,149063,148946],{"class":53},[39,149065,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,149067,124],{"class":53},[39,149069,524],{"class":517},[39,149071,195],{"class":521},[39,149073,524],{"class":517},[39,149075,61],{"class":53},[39,149077,518],{"class":517},[39,149079,127],{"class":521},[39,149081,524],{"class":517},[39,149083,61],{"class":53},[39,149085,518],{"class":517},[39,149087,9454],{"class":521},[39,149089,524],{"class":517},[39,149091,130],{"class":53},[20,149093,149094,149095,117],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149096,149097],{},"(5,)",[160,149099,14872],{"id":14871},[176,149101,149102,149105,149108,149111,149114,149117],{},[179,149103,149104],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[179,149106,149107],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[179,149109,149110],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[179,149112,149113],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[179,149115,149116],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[179,149118,149119],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[160,149121,149123],{"id":149122},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149125,149126],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149128,149129],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[30,149131,149133],{"className":32,"code":149132,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149134,149135,149155],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149136,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149138,1379],{"class":45},[39,149140,50],{"class":49},[39,149142,933],{"class":53},[39,149144,58],{"class":57},[39,149146,61],{"class":53},[39,149148,64],{"class":57},[39,149150,61],{"class":53},[39,149152,69],{"class":57},[39,149154,130],{"class":53},[39,149156,149157,149159,149161,149163],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149158,137],{"class":136},[39,149160,124],{"class":53},[39,149162,1457],{"class":120},[39,149164,130],{"class":53},[20,149166,353],{},[30,149168,149170],{"className":32,"code":149169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149171,149172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149173,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149175,124],{"class":53},[39,149177,58],{"class":57},[39,149179,61],{"class":53},[39,149181,64],{"class":57},[39,149183,61],{"class":53},[39,149185,69],{"class":57},[39,149187,130],{"class":53},[20,149189,149190],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[30,149192,149194],{"className":32,"code":149193,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149195,149196,149220],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149197,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149199,8883],{"class":45},[39,149201,50],{"class":49},[39,149203,933],{"class":53},[39,149205,58],{"class":57},[39,149207,61],{"class":53},[39,149209,572],{"class":517},[39,149211,3789],{"class":521},[39,149213,562],{"class":517},[39,149215,61],{"class":53},[39,149217,3625],{"class":3559},[39,149219,130],{"class":53},[39,149221,149222,149224,149226,149228],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149223,137],{"class":136},[39,149225,124],{"class":53},[39,149227,8922],{"class":120},[39,149229,130],{"class":53},[20,149231,353],{},[30,149233,149235],{"className":32,"code":149234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149236,149237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149238,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149240,124],{"class":53},[39,149242,58],{"class":57},[39,149244,61],{"class":53},[39,149246,518],{"class":517},[39,149248,3789],{"class":521},[39,149250,524],{"class":517},[39,149252,61],{"class":53},[39,149254,3625],{"class":3559},[39,149256,130],{"class":53},[20,149258,149259,149260,117],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[195,149261,149263],{"href":149262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[160,149265,149267],{"id":149266},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149269,149270],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[30,149272,149274],{"className":32,"code":149273,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149275,149276,149284,149294],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149277,149278,149280,149282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149279,124454],{"class":45},[39,149281,50],{"class":49},[39,149283,148932],{"class":53},[39,149285,149286,149288,149290,149292],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149287,137],{"class":136},[39,149289,124],{"class":53},[39,149291,124505],{"class":120},[39,149293,130],{"class":53},[39,149295,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,149297,137],{"class":136},[39,149299,124],{"class":53},[39,149301,479],{"class":478},[39,149303,124],{"class":53},[39,149305,124505],{"class":120},[39,149307,486],{"class":53},[20,149309,353],{},[30,149311,149313],{"className":32,"code":149312,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149314,149315,149319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149316,149317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149318,1609],{"class":53},[39,149320,149321,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149322,510],{"class":49},[39,149324,514],{"class":513},[39,149326,518],{"class":517},[39,149328,48670],{"class":521},[39,149330,524],{"class":517},[39,149332,527],{"class":49},[20,149334,149335],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149337,149338],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[176,149340,149341,149346],{},[179,149342,149343,149344],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149345,7079],{},[179,149347,149348,149349],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149350,3493],{},[20,149352,149353,149354,117],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[195,149355,149356],{"href":56872},"Python list: creating a list",[160,149358,149360],{"id":149359},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149362,149363],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149365,149366,149367,149369],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[382,149368,4340],{}," automatically a tuple:",[30,149371,149373],{"className":32,"code":149372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149374,149375,149387,149397],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149376,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149378,2154],{"class":45},[39,149380,50],{"class":49},[39,149382,933],{"class":53},[39,149384,1843],{"class":57},[39,149386,130],{"class":53},[39,149388,149389,149391,149393,149395],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149390,137],{"class":136},[39,149392,124],{"class":53},[39,149394,2179],{"class":120},[39,149396,130],{"class":53},[39,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,149400,137],{"class":136},[39,149402,124],{"class":53},[39,149404,479],{"class":478},[39,149406,124],{"class":53},[39,149408,2179],{"class":120},[39,149410,486],{"class":53},[20,149412,353],{},[30,149414,149416],{"className":32,"code":149415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149417,149418,149422],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149419,149420],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149421,2654],{"class":57},[39,149423,149424,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149425,510],{"class":49},[39,149427,514],{"class":513},[39,149429,518],{"class":517},[39,149431,1895],{"class":521},[39,149433,524],{"class":517},[39,149435,527],{"class":49},[20,149437,149438],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[30,149440,149442],{"className":32,"code":149441,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149443,149444,149456,149466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149445,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149447,148937],{"class":45},[39,149449,50],{"class":49},[39,149451,933],{"class":53},[39,149453,1843],{"class":57},[39,149455,148946],{"class":53},[39,149457,149458,149460,149462,149464],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149459,137],{"class":136},[39,149461,124],{"class":53},[39,149463,149015],{"class":120},[39,149465,130],{"class":53},[39,149467,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,149469,137],{"class":136},[39,149471,124],{"class":53},[39,149473,479],{"class":478},[39,149475,124],{"class":53},[39,149477,149015],{"class":120},[39,149479,486],{"class":53},[20,149481,353],{},[30,149483,149485],{"className":32,"code":149484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149486,149487,149495],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149488,149489,149491,149493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149490,124],{"class":53},[39,149492,1843],{"class":57},[39,149494,148946],{"class":53},[39,149496,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149498,510],{"class":49},[39,149500,514],{"class":513},[39,149502,518],{"class":517},[39,149504,48670],{"class":521},[39,149506,524],{"class":517},[39,149508,527],{"class":49},[20,149510,16365],{},[30,149512,149514],{"className":32,"code":149513,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149515,149516],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149517,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149519,124],{"class":53},[39,149521,562],{"class":517},[39,149523,3789],{"class":521},[39,149525,562],{"class":517},[39,149527,148946],{"class":53},[20,149529,16353],{},[30,149531,149533],{"className":32,"code":149532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149534,149535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149536,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149538,124],{"class":53},[39,149540,562],{"class":517},[39,149542,3789],{"class":521},[39,149544,562],{"class":517},[39,149546,130],{"class":53},[20,149548,149549],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[160,149551,149553],{"id":149552},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149555,149556],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[988,149558,56181],{"id":1457},[30,149560,149561],{"className":32,"code":149132,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,149562,149563,149583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149566,1379],{"class":45},[39,149568,50],{"class":49},[39,149570,933],{"class":53},[39,149572,58],{"class":57},[39,149574,61],{"class":53},[39,149576,64],{"class":57},[39,149578,61],{"class":53},[39,149580,69],{"class":57},[39,149582,130],{"class":53},[39,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149586,137],{"class":136},[39,149588,124],{"class":53},[39,149590,1457],{"class":120},[39,149592,130],{"class":53},[988,149594,56184],{"id":5020},[30,149596,149598],{"className":32,"code":149597,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149599,149600,149632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149603,12786],{"class":45},[39,149605,50],{"class":49},[39,149607,933],{"class":53},[39,149609,562],{"class":517},[39,149611,565],{"class":521},[39,149613,562],{"class":517},[39,149615,61],{"class":53},[39,149617,572],{"class":517},[39,149619,584],{"class":521},[39,149621,562],{"class":517},[39,149623,61],{"class":53},[39,149625,572],{"class":517},[39,149627,575],{"class":521},[39,149629,562],{"class":517},[39,149631,130],{"class":53},[39,149633,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149635,137],{"class":136},[39,149637,124],{"class":53},[39,149639,17209],{"class":120},[39,149641,130],{"class":53},[988,149643,149645],{"id":149644},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[30,149647,149649],{"className":32,"code":149648,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149650,149651,149675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671,149673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149654,59192],{"class":45},[39,149656,50],{"class":49},[39,149658,933],{"class":53},[39,149660,58],{"class":57},[39,149662,61],{"class":53},[39,149664,572],{"class":517},[39,149666,3789],{"class":521},[39,149668,562],{"class":517},[39,149670,61],{"class":53},[39,149672,3625],{"class":3559},[39,149674,130],{"class":53},[39,149676,149677,149679,149681,149683],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149678,137],{"class":136},[39,149680,124],{"class":53},[39,149682,59245],{"class":120},[39,149684,130],{"class":53},[988,149686,149688],{"id":149687},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149690,149691],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[30,149693,149695],{"className":32,"code":149694,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149696,149697,149738],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149698,149699,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149700,149701],{"class":45},"nested ",[39,149703,50],{"class":49},[39,149705,933],{"class":53},[39,149707,58],{"class":57},[39,149709,61],{"class":53},[39,149711,933],{"class":53},[39,149713,562],{"class":517},[39,149715,195],{"class":521},[39,149717,562],{"class":517},[39,149719,61],{"class":53},[39,149721,572],{"class":517},[39,149723,127],{"class":521},[39,149725,562],{"class":517},[39,149727,8951],{"class":53},[39,149729,3327],{"class":53},[39,149731,2037],{"class":57},[39,149733,61],{"class":53},[39,149735,7505],{"class":57},[39,149737,3597],{"class":53},[39,149739,149740,149742,149744,149747],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149741,137],{"class":136},[39,149743,124],{"class":53},[39,149745,149746],{"class":120},"nested",[39,149748,130],{"class":53},[20,149750,353],{},[30,149752,149754],{"className":32,"code":149753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149755,149756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149757,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149759,124],{"class":53},[39,149761,58],{"class":57},[39,149763,61],{"class":53},[39,149765,933],{"class":53},[39,149767,524],{"class":517},[39,149769,195],{"class":521},[39,149771,524],{"class":517},[39,149773,61],{"class":53},[39,149775,518],{"class":517},[39,149777,127],{"class":521},[39,149779,524],{"class":517},[39,149781,8951],{"class":53},[39,149783,3327],{"class":53},[39,149785,2037],{"class":57},[39,149787,61],{"class":53},[39,149789,7505],{"class":57},[39,149791,3597],{"class":53},[160,149793,149795,149796],{"id":149794},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149797,37759],{},[20,149799,149800,149801,149803],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149802,37759],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149805,149806,149807,117],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[195,149808,62938],{"href":62937},[988,149810,104946],{"id":104945},[30,149812,149814],{"className":32,"code":149813,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149815,149816,149838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149817,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149819,1379],{"class":45},[39,149821,50],{"class":49},[39,149823,148956],{"class":478},[39,149825,917],{"class":53},[39,149827,58],{"class":57},[39,149829,61],{"class":53},[39,149831,64],{"class":57},[39,149833,61],{"class":53},[39,149835,69],{"class":57},[39,149837,3597],{"class":53},[39,149839,149840,149842,149844,149846],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149841,137],{"class":136},[39,149843,124],{"class":53},[39,149845,1457],{"class":120},[39,149847,130],{"class":53},[20,149849,353],{},[30,149851,149852],{"className":32,"code":149169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,149853,149854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149855,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149857,124],{"class":53},[39,149859,58],{"class":57},[39,149861,61],{"class":53},[39,149863,64],{"class":57},[39,149865,61],{"class":53},[39,149867,69],{"class":57},[39,149869,130],{"class":53},[988,149871,105131],{"id":105130},[30,149873,149875],{"className":32,"code":149874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149876,149877,149895],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149878,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149880,35803],{"class":45},[39,149882,50],{"class":49},[39,149884,148956],{"class":478},[39,149886,124],{"class":53},[39,149888,562],{"class":517},[39,149890,41275],{"class":521},[39,149892,562],{"class":517},[39,149894,130],{"class":53},[39,149896,149897,149899,149901,149903],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149898,137],{"class":136},[39,149900,124],{"class":53},[39,149902,35856],{"class":120},[39,149904,130],{"class":53},[20,149906,353],{},[30,149908,149910],{"className":32,"code":149909,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149911,149912],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936,149938],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149915,124],{"class":53},[39,149917,524],{"class":517},[39,149919,195],{"class":521},[39,149921,524],{"class":517},[39,149923,61],{"class":53},[39,149925,518],{"class":517},[39,149927,127],{"class":521},[39,149929,524],{"class":517},[39,149931,61],{"class":53},[39,149933,518],{"class":517},[39,149935,9454],{"class":521},[39,149937,524],{"class":517},[39,149939,130],{"class":53},[20,149941,149942],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[988,149944,149946],{"id":149945},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[30,149948,149950],{"className":32,"code":149949,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149951,149952,149970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149955,3529],{"class":45},[39,149957,50],{"class":49},[39,149959,148956],{"class":478},[39,149961,124],{"class":53},[39,149963,59718],{"class":136},[39,149965,124],{"class":53},[39,149967,2212],{"class":57},[39,149969,486],{"class":53},[39,149971,149972,149974,149976,149978],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,149973,137],{"class":136},[39,149975,124],{"class":53},[39,149977,5070],{"class":120},[39,149979,130],{"class":53},[20,149981,353],{},[30,149983,149985],{"className":32,"code":149984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149986,149987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149988,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149990,124],{"class":53},[39,149992,1826],{"class":57},[39,149994,61],{"class":53},[39,149996,5210],{"class":57},[39,149998,61],{"class":53},[39,150000,64],{"class":57},[39,150002,61],{"class":53},[39,150004,69],{"class":57},[39,150006,130],{"class":53},[20,150008,150009],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[160,150011,20508],{"id":20507},[176,150013,150014,150017,150020,150023],{},[179,150015,150016],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[179,150018,150019],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[179,150021,150022],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[179,150024,150025],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150027,150028,150029,117],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[195,150030,150032],{"href":150031},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[160,150034,2537],{"id":2536},[20,150036,150037],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[988,150039,150041],{"id":150040},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150043,150044],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[30,150046,150048],{"className":32,"code":150047,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150049,150050,150066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150051,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150053,28247],{"class":45},[39,150055,50],{"class":49},[39,150057,933],{"class":53},[39,150059,562],{"class":517},[39,150061,3789],{"class":521},[39,150063,562],{"class":517},[39,150065,130],{"class":53},[39,150067,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150069,137],{"class":136},[39,150071,124],{"class":53},[39,150073,479],{"class":478},[39,150075,124],{"class":53},[39,150077,23017],{"class":120},[39,150079,486],{"class":53},[20,150081,150082],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[30,150084,150086],{"className":32,"code":150085,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150087,150088,150104],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150089,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150091,28247],{"class":45},[39,150093,50],{"class":49},[39,150095,933],{"class":53},[39,150097,562],{"class":517},[39,150099,3789],{"class":521},[39,150101,562],{"class":517},[39,150103,148946],{"class":53},[39,150105,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150107,137],{"class":136},[39,150109,124],{"class":53},[39,150111,479],{"class":478},[39,150113,124],{"class":53},[39,150115,23017],{"class":120},[39,150117,486],{"class":53},[988,150119,150121],{"id":150120},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150123,150124],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[30,150126,150128],{"className":32,"code":150127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150129,150130,150150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150131,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150133,3529],{"class":45},[39,150135,50],{"class":49},[39,150137,3327],{"class":53},[39,150139,58],{"class":57},[39,150141,61],{"class":53},[39,150143,64],{"class":57},[39,150145,61],{"class":53},[39,150147,69],{"class":57},[39,150149,3340],{"class":53},[39,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150153,137],{"class":136},[39,150155,124],{"class":53},[39,150157,479],{"class":478},[39,150159,124],{"class":53},[39,150161,5070],{"class":120},[39,150163,486],{"class":53},[20,150165,150166],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[30,150168,150170],{"className":32,"code":150169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150171,150172,150192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150173,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150175,3529],{"class":45},[39,150177,50],{"class":49},[39,150179,933],{"class":53},[39,150181,58],{"class":57},[39,150183,61],{"class":53},[39,150185,64],{"class":57},[39,150187,61],{"class":53},[39,150189,69],{"class":57},[39,150191,130],{"class":53},[39,150193,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150195,137],{"class":136},[39,150197,124],{"class":53},[39,150199,479],{"class":478},[39,150201,124],{"class":53},[39,150203,5070],{"class":120},[39,150205,486],{"class":53},[988,150207,150209],{"id":150208},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150211,150022],{},[30,150213,150215],{"className":32,"code":150214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150216,150217,150237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150218,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231,150233,150235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150220,1379],{"class":45},[39,150222,50],{"class":49},[39,150224,933],{"class":53},[39,150226,58],{"class":57},[39,150228,61],{"class":53},[39,150230,64],{"class":57},[39,150232,61],{"class":53},[39,150234,69],{"class":57},[39,150236,130],{"class":53},[39,150238,150239],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150240,150241],{"class":150},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150243,150244],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[988,150246,1282,150248,150251],{"id":150247},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150249,150250],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150253,64364],{},[30,150255,150256],{"className":32,"code":149874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150257,150258,150276],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150261,35803],{"class":45},[39,150263,50],{"class":49},[39,150265,148956],{"class":478},[39,150267,124],{"class":53},[39,150269,562],{"class":517},[39,150271,41275],{"class":521},[39,150273,562],{"class":517},[39,150275,130],{"class":53},[39,150277,150278,150280,150282,150284],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150279,137],{"class":136},[39,150281,124],{"class":53},[39,150283,35856],{"class":120},[39,150285,130],{"class":53},[20,150287,150288],{},"gives:",[30,150290,150291],{"className":32,"code":149909,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150292,150293],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150294,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150296,124],{"class":53},[39,150298,524],{"class":517},[39,150300,195],{"class":521},[39,150302,524],{"class":517},[39,150304,61],{"class":53},[39,150306,518],{"class":517},[39,150308,127],{"class":521},[39,150310,524],{"class":517},[39,150312,61],{"class":53},[39,150314,518],{"class":517},[39,150316,9454],{"class":521},[39,150318,524],{"class":517},[39,150320,130],{"class":53},[20,150322,150323],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[30,150325,150327],{"className":32,"code":150326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150328,150329,150345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150330,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150332,5868],{"class":45},[39,150334,50],{"class":49},[39,150336,933],{"class":53},[39,150338,562],{"class":517},[39,150340,41275],{"class":521},[39,150342,562],{"class":517},[39,150344,148946],{"class":53},[39,150346,150347,150349,150351,150353],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150348,137],{"class":136},[39,150350,124],{"class":53},[39,150352,38104],{"class":120},[39,150354,130],{"class":53},[20,150356,353],{},[30,150358,150360],{"className":32,"code":150359,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('abc',)\n",[15,150361,150362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150363,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150365,124],{"class":53},[39,150367,524],{"class":517},[39,150369,41275],{"class":521},[39,150371,524],{"class":517},[39,150373,148946],{"class":53},[988,150375,150377],{"id":150376},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150379,150380],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[30,150382,150384],{"className":32,"code":150383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150385,150386,150403,150407,150417,150431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150387,150388,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150389,150390],{"class":45},"my_tuple ",[39,150392,50],{"class":49},[39,150394,933],{"class":53},[39,150396,562],{"class":517},[39,150398,3789],{"class":521},[39,150400,562],{"class":517},[39,150402,148946],{"class":53},[39,150404,150405],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150406,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,150408,150409,150411,150413,150415],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,150410,137],{"class":136},[39,150412,124],{"class":53},[39,150414,147608],{"class":120},[39,150416,130],{"class":53},[39,150418,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,150420,137],{"class":136},[39,150422,124],{"class":53},[39,150424,479],{"class":478},[39,150426,124],{"class":53},[39,150428,147608],{"class":120},[39,150430,486],{"class":53},[39,150432,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,150434,137],{"class":136},[39,150436,124],{"class":53},[39,150438,1361],{"class":136},[39,150440,124],{"class":53},[39,150442,147608],{"class":120},[39,150444,486],{"class":53},[160,150446,1563],{"id":1562},[988,150448,150450],{"id":150449},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150452,150453,150454,150457],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150455,150456],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[988,150459,150461],{"id":150460},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150463,150464],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[988,150466,150468],{"id":150467},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150470,150471],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[988,150473,150475],{"id":150474},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150477,150478],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[988,150480,4853,150482,12428],{"id":150481},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150483,150250],{},[20,150485,4859,150486,150489],{},[15,150487,150488],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[160,150491,1613],{"id":1612},[176,150493,150494,150498,150502,150508,150513,150518,150522],{},[179,150495,150496],{},[195,150497,147590],{"href":147589},[179,150499,150500],{},[195,150501,149263],{"href":149262},[179,150503,150504],{},[195,150505,150507],{"href":150506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[179,150509,150510],{},[195,150511,150512],{"href":148828},"Python tuple length with len()",[179,150514,150515],{},[195,150516,150517],{"href":148893},"What is a tuple in Python?",[179,150519,150520],{},[195,150521,62938],{"href":62937},[179,150523,150524],{},[195,150525,150526],{"href":150031},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1642,150528,150529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":150531},[150532,150533,150534,150535,150536,150537,150543,150549,150550,150558,150566],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":149122,"depth":75,"text":149123},{"id":149266,"depth":75,"text":149267},{"id":149359,"depth":75,"text":149360},{"id":149552,"depth":75,"text":149553,"children":150538},[150539,150540,150541,150542],{"id":1457,"depth":99,"text":56181},{"id":5020,"depth":99,"text":56184},{"id":149644,"depth":99,"text":149645},{"id":149687,"depth":99,"text":149688},{"id":149794,"depth":75,"text":150544,"children":150545},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150546,150547,150548],{"id":104945,"depth":99,"text":104946},{"id":105130,"depth":99,"text":105131},{"id":149945,"depth":99,"text":149946},{"id":20507,"depth":75,"text":20508},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":150551},[150552,150553,150554,150555,150557],{"id":150040,"depth":99,"text":150041},{"id":150120,"depth":99,"text":150121},{"id":150208,"depth":99,"text":150209},{"id":150247,"depth":99,"text":150556},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150376,"depth":99,"text":150377},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":150559},[150560,150561,150562,150563,150564],{"id":150449,"depth":99,"text":150450},{"id":150460,"depth":99,"text":150461},{"id":150467,"depth":99,"text":150468},{"id":150474,"depth":99,"text":150475},{"id":150481,"depth":99,"text":150565},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148879,"description":150567},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150574,"title":150575,"body":150576,"description":152121,"extension":1670,"meta":152122,"navigation":102,"path":152123,"seo":152124,"stem":152125,"__hash__":152126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150577,"toc":152091},[150578,150581,150586,150588,150601,150607,150609,150676,150678,150713,150718,150722,150726,150728,150739,150747,150749,150751,150772,150774,150794,150797,150799,150804,150847,150849,150871,150874,150887,150891,150895,150898,150951,150953,150974,150979,150983,150986,151031,151033,151066,151078,151082,151090,151127,151129,151158,151162,151165,151218,151220,151240,151247,151251,151256,151325,151327,151352,151356,151359,151365,151442,151444,151503,151505,151517,151522,151526,151530,151544,151546,151581,151583,151600,151603,151616,151620,151624,151635,151640,151655,151658,151661,151663,151666,151670,151672,151686,151688,151712,151717,151721,151724,151743,151746,151795,151800,151817,151820,151853,151857,151859,151910,151913,151938,151941,151964,151968,151974,151976,152011,152014,152019,152021,152025,152028,152032,152037,152041,152044,152048,152051,152055,152060,152062,152088],[10,150579,150575],{"id":150580},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150582,8840,150583,150585],{},[15,150584,37759],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150587,82310],{},[176,150589,150590,150595],{},[179,150591,150592,150594],{},[15,150593,37759],{}," creates an empty tuple",[179,150596,150597,150600],{},[15,150598,150599],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150602,150603,150604,150606],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150605,37759],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[160,150608,1711],{"id":1710},[30,150610,150612],{"className":32,"code":150611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150613,150614,150634,150648,150652,150662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150615,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150617,1379],{"class":45},[39,150619,50],{"class":49},[39,150621,3327],{"class":53},[39,150623,58],{"class":57},[39,150625,61],{"class":53},[39,150627,64],{"class":57},[39,150629,61],{"class":53},[39,150631,69],{"class":57},[39,150633,3340],{"class":53},[39,150635,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150637,109],{"class":45},[39,150639,50],{"class":49},[39,150641,148956],{"class":478},[39,150643,124],{"class":53},[39,150645,1457],{"class":120},[39,150647,130],{"class":53},[39,150649,150650],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,150651,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,150653,150654,150656,150658,150660],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,150655,137],{"class":136},[39,150657,124],{"class":53},[39,150659,142],{"class":120},[39,150661,130],{"class":53},[39,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,150665,137],{"class":136},[39,150667,124],{"class":53},[39,150669,479],{"class":478},[39,150671,124],{"class":53},[39,150673,142],{"class":120},[39,150675,486],{"class":53},[20,150677,353],{},[30,150679,150681],{"className":32,"code":150680,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150682,150683,150699],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150684,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150686,124],{"class":53},[39,150688,58],{"class":57},[39,150690,61],{"class":53},[39,150692,64],{"class":57},[39,150694,61],{"class":53},[39,150696,69],{"class":57},[39,150698,130],{"class":53},[39,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150702,510],{"class":49},[39,150704,514],{"class":513},[39,150706,518],{"class":517},[39,150708,48670],{"class":521},[39,150710,524],{"class":517},[39,150712,527],{"class":49},[20,150714,154,150715,150717],{},[15,150716,150599],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[160,150719,150721],{"id":150720},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150723,150724,62646],{},[15,150725,37759],{},[20,150727,48644],{},[176,150729,150730,150733,150736],{},[179,150731,150732],{},"creates a tuple object",[179,150734,150735],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[179,150737,150738],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150740,150741,150742,150744,150745,117],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,150743,148894],{"href":148893}," or the full guide to ",[195,150746,147590],{"href":147589},[160,150748,202],{"id":201},[20,150750,26195],{},[30,150752,150754],{"className":32,"code":150753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150755,150756,150762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150757,150758,150760],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150759,48670],{"class":478},[39,150761,1609],{"class":53},[39,150763,150764,150766,150768,150770],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150765,48670],{"class":478},[39,150767,124],{"class":53},[39,150769,3426],{"class":120},[39,150771,130],{"class":53},[20,150773,11172],{},[176,150775,150776,150779],{},[179,150777,150778],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[179,150780,150781,150782],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[176,150783,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792],{},[179,150785,5011],{},[179,150787,5020],{},[179,150789,62717],{},[179,150791,5017],{},[179,150793,6964],{},[20,150795,150796],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[160,150798,149267],{"id":149266},[20,150800,29359,150801,150803],{},[15,150802,37759],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[30,150805,150807],{"className":32,"code":150806,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150808,150809,150819,150823,150833],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150810,150811,150813,150815,150817],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150812,124454],{"class":45},[39,150814,50],{"class":49},[39,150816,148956],{"class":478},[39,150818,1609],{"class":53},[39,150820,150821],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150822,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,150824,150825,150827,150829,150831],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,150826,137],{"class":136},[39,150828,124],{"class":53},[39,150830,124505],{"class":120},[39,150832,130],{"class":53},[39,150834,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,150836,137],{"class":136},[39,150838,124],{"class":53},[39,150840,479],{"class":478},[39,150842,124],{"class":53},[39,150844,124505],{"class":120},[39,150846,486],{"class":53},[20,150848,353],{},[30,150850,150851],{"className":32,"code":149312,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150852,150853,150857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150854,150855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150856,1609],{"class":53},[39,150858,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150860,510],{"class":49},[39,150862,514],{"class":513},[39,150864,518],{"class":517},[39,150866,48670],{"class":521},[39,150868,524],{"class":517},[39,150870,527],{"class":49},[20,150872,150873],{},"This is equivalent to:",[30,150875,150877],{"className":32,"code":150876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = ()\n",[15,150878,150879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150880,150881,150883,150885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150882,124454],{"class":45},[39,150884,50],{"class":49},[39,150886,148932],{"class":53},[160,150888,150890],{"id":150889},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[988,150892,150894],{"id":150893},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150896,150897],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[30,150899,150901],{"className":32,"code":150900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150902,150903,150923,150937,150941],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150906,1379],{"class":45},[39,150908,50],{"class":49},[39,150910,3327],{"class":53},[39,150912,2037],{"class":57},[39,150914,61],{"class":53},[39,150916,7505],{"class":57},[39,150918,61],{"class":53},[39,150920,7510],{"class":57},[39,150922,3340],{"class":53},[39,150924,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,150926,109],{"class":45},[39,150928,50],{"class":49},[39,150930,148956],{"class":478},[39,150932,124],{"class":53},[39,150934,1457],{"class":120},[39,150936,130],{"class":53},[39,150938,150939],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,150940,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,150942,150943,150945,150947,150949],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,150944,137],{"class":136},[39,150946,124],{"class":53},[39,150948,142],{"class":120},[39,150950,130],{"class":53},[20,150952,353],{},[30,150954,150956],{"className":32,"code":150955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150957,150958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150959,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150961,124],{"class":53},[39,150963,2037],{"class":57},[39,150965,61],{"class":53},[39,150967,7505],{"class":57},[39,150969,61],{"class":53},[39,150971,7510],{"class":57},[39,150973,130],{"class":53},[20,150975,150976,150977,117],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[195,150978,104751],{"href":59775},[988,150980,150982],{"id":150981},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150984,150985],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[30,150987,150989],{"className":32,"code":150988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150990,150991,151003,151017,151021],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150992,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150994,34398],{"class":45},[39,150996,50],{"class":49},[39,150998,572],{"class":517},[39,151000,36761],{"class":521},[39,151002,3062],{"class":517},[39,151004,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151006,109],{"class":45},[39,151008,50],{"class":49},[39,151010,148956],{"class":478},[39,151012,124],{"class":53},[39,151014,34419],{"class":120},[39,151016,130],{"class":53},[39,151018,151019],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,151020,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,151022,151023,151025,151027,151029],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,151024,137],{"class":136},[39,151026,124],{"class":53},[39,151028,142],{"class":120},[39,151030,130],{"class":53},[20,151032,353],{},[30,151034,151036],{"className":32,"code":151035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151037,151038],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151039,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151041,124],{"class":53},[39,151043,524],{"class":517},[39,151045,9454],{"class":521},[39,151047,524],{"class":517},[39,151049,61],{"class":53},[39,151051,518],{"class":517},[39,151053,195],{"class":521},[39,151055,524],{"class":517},[39,151057,61],{"class":53},[39,151059,518],{"class":517},[39,151061,63007],{"class":521},[39,151063,524],{"class":517},[39,151065,130],{"class":53},[20,151067,151068,151069,13763,151072,151074,151075,117],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151070,151071],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[382,151073,4340],{}," create ",[15,151076,151077],{},"('cat',)",[988,151079,151081],{"id":151080},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151083,151084,151086,151087,151089],{},[15,151085,35911],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151088,37759],{}," collects them all.",[30,151091,151093],{"className":32,"code":151092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151094,151095,151113,151117],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151096,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151098,109],{"class":45},[39,151100,50],{"class":49},[39,151102,148956],{"class":478},[39,151104,124],{"class":53},[39,151106,59718],{"class":136},[39,151108,124],{"class":53},[39,151110,1843],{"class":57},[39,151112,486],{"class":53},[39,151114,151115],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151116,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,151118,151119,151121,151123,151125],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,151120,137],{"class":136},[39,151122,124],{"class":53},[39,151124,142],{"class":120},[39,151126,130],{"class":53},[20,151128,353],{},[30,151130,151132],{"className":32,"code":151131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151133,151134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151137,124],{"class":53},[39,151139,1826],{"class":57},[39,151141,61],{"class":53},[39,151143,5210],{"class":57},[39,151145,61],{"class":53},[39,151147,64],{"class":57},[39,151149,61],{"class":53},[39,151151,69],{"class":57},[39,151153,61],{"class":53},[39,151155,94],{"class":57},[39,151157,130],{"class":53},[988,151159,151161],{"id":151160},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151163,151164],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[30,151166,151168],{"className":32,"code":151167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151169,151170,151190,151204,151208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151171,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151173,3529],{"class":45},[39,151175,50],{"class":49},[39,151177,54],{"class":53},[39,151179,58],{"class":57},[39,151181,61],{"class":53},[39,151183,64],{"class":57},[39,151185,61],{"class":53},[39,151187,69],{"class":57},[39,151189,72],{"class":53},[39,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151193,109],{"class":45},[39,151195,50],{"class":49},[39,151197,148956],{"class":478},[39,151199,124],{"class":53},[39,151201,5070],{"class":120},[39,151203,130],{"class":53},[39,151205,151206],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,151207,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,151209,151210,151212,151214,151216],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,151211,137],{"class":136},[39,151213,124],{"class":53},[39,151215,142],{"class":120},[39,151217,130],{"class":53},[20,151219,353],{},[30,151221,151222],{"className":32,"code":149169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151223,151224],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151225,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151227,124],{"class":53},[39,151229,58],{"class":57},[39,151231,61],{"class":53},[39,151233,64],{"class":57},[39,151235,61],{"class":53},[39,151237,69],{"class":57},[39,151239,130],{"class":53},[20,151241,151242,151243,117],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[195,151244,151246],{"href":151245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[988,151248,151250],{"id":151249},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151252,63260,151253,151255],{},[15,151254,37759],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[30,151257,151259],{"className":32,"code":151258,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151260,151261,151297,151311,151315],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151264,12913],{"class":45},[39,151266,50],{"class":49},[39,151268,54],{"class":53},[39,151270,562],{"class":517},[39,151272,7382],{"class":521},[39,151274,562],{"class":517},[39,151276,1250],{"class":53},[39,151278,572],{"class":517},[39,151280,12593],{"class":521},[39,151282,562],{"class":517},[39,151284,61],{"class":53},[39,151286,572],{"class":517},[39,151288,9015],{"class":521},[39,151290,562],{"class":517},[39,151292,1250],{"class":53},[39,151294,9022],{"class":57},[39,151296,72],{"class":53},[39,151298,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151300,109],{"class":45},[39,151302,50],{"class":49},[39,151304,148956],{"class":478},[39,151306,124],{"class":53},[39,151308,17016],{"class":120},[39,151310,130],{"class":53},[39,151312,151313],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,151314,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,151318,137],{"class":136},[39,151320,124],{"class":53},[39,151322,142],{"class":120},[39,151324,130],{"class":53},[20,151326,29739],{},[30,151328,151330],{"className":32,"code":151329,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151331,151332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151333,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151335,124],{"class":53},[39,151337,524],{"class":517},[39,151339,7382],{"class":521},[39,151341,524],{"class":517},[39,151343,61],{"class":53},[39,151345,518],{"class":517},[39,151347,9015],{"class":521},[39,151349,524],{"class":517},[39,151351,130],{"class":53},[160,151353,151355],{"id":151354},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151357,151358],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151360,151361,151364],{},[15,151362,151363],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[30,151366,151368],{"className":32,"code":151367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151369,151370,151406,151410,151424],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151373,12913],{"class":45},[39,151375,50],{"class":49},[39,151377,54],{"class":53},[39,151379,562],{"class":517},[39,151381,7382],{"class":521},[39,151383,562],{"class":517},[39,151385,1250],{"class":53},[39,151387,572],{"class":517},[39,151389,12593],{"class":521},[39,151391,562],{"class":517},[39,151393,61],{"class":53},[39,151395,572],{"class":517},[39,151397,9015],{"class":521},[39,151399,562],{"class":517},[39,151401,1250],{"class":53},[39,151403,9022],{"class":57},[39,151405,72],{"class":53},[39,151407,151408],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151409,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,151411,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,151413,137],{"class":136},[39,151415,124],{"class":53},[39,151417,48670],{"class":478},[39,151419,124],{"class":53},[39,151421,17016],{"class":120},[39,151423,486],{"class":53},[39,151425,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,151427,137],{"class":136},[39,151429,124],{"class":53},[39,151431,48670],{"class":478},[39,151433,124],{"class":53},[39,151435,17016],{"class":120},[39,151437,117],{"class":53},[39,151439,7525],{"class":120},[39,151441,6003],{"class":53},[20,151443,353],{},[30,151445,151447],{"className":32,"code":151446,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151448,151449,151469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151452,124],{"class":53},[39,151454,524],{"class":517},[39,151456,7382],{"class":521},[39,151458,524],{"class":517},[39,151460,61],{"class":53},[39,151462,518],{"class":517},[39,151464,9015],{"class":521},[39,151466,524],{"class":517},[39,151468,130],{"class":53},[39,151470,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151472,5223],{"class":53},[39,151474,524],{"class":517},[39,151476,7382],{"class":521},[39,151478,524],{"class":517},[39,151480,61],{"class":53},[39,151482,518],{"class":517},[39,151484,12593],{"class":521},[39,151486,524],{"class":517},[39,151488,8951],{"class":53},[39,151490,933],{"class":53},[39,151492,524],{"class":517},[39,151494,9015],{"class":521},[39,151496,524],{"class":517},[39,151498,61],{"class":53},[39,151500,9022],{"class":57},[39,151502,486],{"class":53},[20,151504,18401],{},[176,151506,151507,151512],{},[179,151508,151509,151511],{},[15,151510,151363],{}," for keys",[179,151513,151514,32266],{},[15,151515,151516],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151518,151519,151520,117],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[195,151521,63270],{"href":63269},[160,151523,151525],{"id":151524},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151527,151528,18025],{},[15,151529,37759],{},[176,151531,151532,151535,151538,151541],{},[179,151533,151534],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[179,151536,151537],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[179,151539,151540],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[179,151542,151543],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151545,267],{},[30,151547,151549],{"className":32,"code":151548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151550,151551,151570],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151552,151553,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151554,151555],{"class":45},"coordinates ",[39,151557,50],{"class":49},[39,151559,148956],{"class":478},[39,151561,917],{"class":53},[39,151563,2212],{"class":57},[39,151565,61],{"class":53},[39,151567,5707],{"class":57},[39,151569,3597],{"class":53},[39,151571,151572,151574,151576,151579],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151573,137],{"class":136},[39,151575,124],{"class":53},[39,151577,151578],{"class":120},"coordinates",[39,151580,130],{"class":53},[20,151582,353],{},[30,151584,151586],{"className":32,"code":151585,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151587,151588],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151591,124],{"class":53},[39,151593,2212],{"class":57},[39,151595,61],{"class":53},[39,151597,5707],{"class":57},[39,151599,130],{"class":53},[20,151601,151602],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[176,151604,151605,151607,151610,151613],{},[179,151606,151578],{},[179,151608,151609],{},"RGB colors",[179,151611,151612],{},"dates",[179,151614,151615],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[160,151617,151619],{"id":151618},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151621,44144,151622,10315],{},[15,151623,37759],{},[176,151625,151626,151629,151632],{},[179,151627,151628],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[179,151630,151631],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[179,151633,151634],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151636,116081,151637,151639],{},[382,151638,4340],{}," work:",[30,151641,151643],{"className":32,"code":151642,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151644,151645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151646,151647,151649,151651,151653],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151648,48670],{"class":478},[39,151650,124],{"class":53},[39,151652,1843],{"class":57},[39,151654,130],{"class":53},[20,151656,151657],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151659,151660],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[160,151662,114919],{"id":114918},[20,151664,151665],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[988,151667,151669],{"id":151668},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151671,2544],{},[30,151673,151674],{"className":32,"code":151642,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151675,151676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151677,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151679,48670],{"class":478},[39,151681,124],{"class":53},[39,151683,1843],{"class":57},[39,151685,130],{"class":53},[20,151687,29390],{},[30,151689,151690],{"className":32,"code":63374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151691,151692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151693,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151695,2711],{"class":478},[39,151697,1250],{"class":53},[39,151699,518],{"class":517},[39,151701,1895],{"class":521},[39,151703,524],{"class":517},[39,151705,24324],{"class":478},[39,151707,7813],{"class":49},[39,151709,7816],{"class":49},[39,151711,63397],{"class":45},[20,151713,151714,151715,117],{},"If you see this, read ",[195,151716,62011],{"href":52318},[988,151718,151720],{"id":151719},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151722,151723],{},"This code:",[30,151725,151727],{"className":32,"code":151726,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151728,151729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151730,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151732,48670],{"class":478},[39,151734,124],{"class":53},[39,151736,562],{"class":517},[39,151738,3552],{"class":521},[39,151740,562],{"class":517},[39,151742,130],{"class":53},[20,151744,151745],{},"returns:",[30,151747,151749],{"className":32,"code":151748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151750,151751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151752,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151754,124],{"class":53},[39,151756,524],{"class":517},[39,151758,60158],{"class":521},[39,151760,524],{"class":517},[39,151762,61],{"class":53},[39,151764,518],{"class":517},[39,151766,60167],{"class":521},[39,151768,524],{"class":517},[39,151770,61],{"class":53},[39,151772,518],{"class":517},[39,151774,60176],{"class":521},[39,151776,524],{"class":517},[39,151778,61],{"class":53},[39,151780,518],{"class":517},[39,151782,60176],{"class":521},[39,151784,524],{"class":517},[39,151786,61],{"class":53},[39,151788,518],{"class":517},[39,151790,60193],{"class":521},[39,151792,524],{"class":517},[39,151794,130],{"class":53},[20,151796,40620,151797,151799],{},[382,151798,4340],{}," return:",[30,151801,151803],{"className":32,"code":151802,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('hello',)\n",[15,151804,151805],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151806,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151808,124],{"class":53},[39,151810,524],{"class":517},[39,151812,3552],{"class":521},[39,151814,524],{"class":517},[39,151816,148946],{"class":53},[20,151818,151819],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[30,151821,151823],{"className":32,"code":151822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151824,151825,151842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151826,151827,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151828,151829],{"class":45},"single ",[39,151831,50],{"class":49},[39,151833,933],{"class":53},[39,151835,562],{"class":517},[39,151837,3552],{"class":521},[39,151839,562],{"class":517},[39,151841,148946],{"class":53},[39,151843,151844,151846,151848,151851],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151845,137],{"class":136},[39,151847,124],{"class":53},[39,151849,151850],{"class":120},"single",[39,151852,130],{"class":53},[988,151854,151856],{"id":151855},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151858,151723],{},[30,151860,151862],{"className":32,"code":151861,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151863,151864,151896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151865,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151867,8883],{"class":45},[39,151869,50],{"class":49},[39,151871,54],{"class":53},[39,151873,562],{"class":517},[39,151875,195],{"class":521},[39,151877,562],{"class":517},[39,151879,1250],{"class":53},[39,151881,5210],{"class":57},[39,151883,61],{"class":53},[39,151885,572],{"class":517},[39,151887,127],{"class":521},[39,151889,562],{"class":517},[39,151891,1250],{"class":53},[39,151893,64],{"class":57},[39,151895,72],{"class":53},[39,151897,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,151899,137],{"class":136},[39,151901,124],{"class":53},[39,151903,48670],{"class":478},[39,151905,124],{"class":53},[39,151907,8922],{"class":120},[39,151909,486],{"class":53},[20,151911,151912],{},"returns only the keys:",[30,151914,151916],{"className":32,"code":151915,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151917,151918],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151919,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151921,124],{"class":53},[39,151923,524],{"class":517},[39,151925,195],{"class":521},[39,151927,524],{"class":517},[39,151929,61],{"class":53},[39,151931,518],{"class":517},[39,151933,127],{"class":521},[39,151935,524],{"class":517},[39,151937,130],{"class":53},[20,151939,151940],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[30,151942,151944],{"className":32,"code":151943,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151945,151946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151947,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151949,137],{"class":136},[39,151951,124],{"class":53},[39,151953,48670],{"class":478},[39,151955,124],{"class":53},[39,151957,8922],{"class":120},[39,151959,117],{"class":53},[39,151961,7525],{"class":120},[39,151963,6003],{"class":53},[988,151965,151967],{"id":151966},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151969,151970,151971,151973],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151972,37759],{}," conversion.",[20,151975,5184],{},[30,151977,151979],{"className":32,"code":151978,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151980,151981,152001],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151982,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151984,2154],{"class":45},[39,151986,50],{"class":49},[39,151988,933],{"class":53},[39,151990,58],{"class":57},[39,151992,61],{"class":53},[39,151994,64],{"class":57},[39,151996,61],{"class":53},[39,151998,69],{"class":57},[39,152000,130],{"class":53},[39,152002,152003,152005,152007,152009],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152004,137],{"class":136},[39,152006,124],{"class":53},[39,152008,2179],{"class":120},[39,152010,130],{"class":53},[20,152012,152013],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152015,25213,152016,152018],{},[15,152017,37759],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[160,152020,1563],{"id":1562},[988,152022,152024],{"id":152023},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152026,152027],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[988,152029,152031],{"id":152030},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152033,152034,152035,117],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152036,7079],{},[988,152038,152040],{"id":152039},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152042,152043],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[988,152045,152047],{"id":152046},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152049,152050],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[988,152052,152054],{"id":152053},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152056,152057,152058,117],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152059,2711],{},[160,152061,1613],{"id":1612},[176,152063,152064,152068,152072,152076,152080,152084],{},[179,152065,152066],{},[195,152067,147590],{"href":147589},[179,152069,152070],{},[195,152071,150517],{"href":148893},[179,152073,152074],{},[195,152075,104751],{"href":59775},[179,152077,152078],{},[195,152079,151246],{"href":151245},[179,152081,152082],{},[195,152083,63270],{"href":63269},[179,152085,152086],{},[195,152087,62011],{"href":52318},[1642,152089,152090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":152092},[152093,152094,152095,152096,152097,152104,152105,152106,152107,152113,152120],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":150720,"depth":75,"text":150721},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":149266,"depth":75,"text":149267},{"id":150889,"depth":75,"text":150890,"children":152098},[152099,152100,152101,152102,152103],{"id":150893,"depth":99,"text":150894},{"id":150981,"depth":99,"text":150982},{"id":151080,"depth":99,"text":151081},{"id":151160,"depth":99,"text":151161},{"id":151249,"depth":99,"text":151250},{"id":151354,"depth":75,"text":151355},{"id":151524,"depth":75,"text":151525},{"id":151618,"depth":75,"text":151619},{"id":114918,"depth":75,"text":114919,"children":152108},[152109,152110,152111,152112],{"id":151668,"depth":99,"text":151669},{"id":151719,"depth":99,"text":151720},{"id":151855,"depth":99,"text":151856},{"id":151966,"depth":99,"text":151967},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":152114},[152115,152116,152117,152118,152119],{"id":152023,"depth":99,"text":152024},{"id":152030,"depth":99,"text":152031},{"id":152039,"depth":99,"text":152040},{"id":152046,"depth":99,"text":152047},{"id":152053,"depth":99,"text":152054},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150575,"description":152121},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152128,"title":152129,"body":152130,"description":153543,"extension":1670,"meta":153544,"navigation":102,"path":153545,"seo":153546,"stem":153547,"__hash__":153548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152131,"toc":153515},[152132,152137,152142,152145,152147,152226,152232,152237,152241,152256,152258,152305,152307,152315,152323,152329,152331,152336,152356,152359,152386,152388,152412,152414,152556,152558,152562,152570,152573,152575,152652,152654,152662,152666,152670,152680,152690,152692,152697,152699,152758,152763,152765,152865,152867,152881,152886,152892,152899,152902,152904,153014,153018,153035,153037,153100,153102,153110,153122,153126,153131,153159,153162,153244,153246,153257,153259,153263,153290,153292,153294,153374,153382,153384,153439,153441,153446,153449,153453,153457,153459,153463,153467,153475,153482,153485,153487,153512],[10,152133,147474,152135,18],{"id":152134},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152136,58687],{},[20,152138,152139,152141],{},[15,152140,148795],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152143,152144],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[160,152146,1711],{"id":1710},[30,152148,152150],{"className":32,"code":152149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152151,152152,152192,152214],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152153,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152155,12786],{"class":45},[39,152157,50],{"class":49},[39,152159,933],{"class":53},[39,152161,562],{"class":517},[39,152163,565],{"class":521},[39,152165,562],{"class":517},[39,152167,61],{"class":53},[39,152169,572],{"class":517},[39,152171,575],{"class":521},[39,152173,562],{"class":517},[39,152175,61],{"class":53},[39,152177,572],{"class":517},[39,152179,584],{"class":521},[39,152181,562],{"class":517},[39,152183,61],{"class":53},[39,152185,572],{"class":517},[39,152187,575],{"class":521},[39,152189,562],{"class":517},[39,152191,130],{"class":53},[39,152193,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152195,64640],{"class":45},[39,152197,50],{"class":49},[39,152199,12832],{"class":45},[39,152201,117],{"class":53},[39,152203,35558],{"class":120},[39,152205,124],{"class":53},[39,152207,562],{"class":517},[39,152209,575],{"class":521},[39,152211,562],{"class":517},[39,152213,130],{"class":53},[39,152215,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,152217,137],{"class":136},[39,152219,124],{"class":53},[39,152221,64667],{"class":120},[39,152223,3366],{"class":53},[39,152225,27488],{"class":150},[20,152227,152228,152231],{},[15,152229,152230],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[160,152233,3383,152235,3386],{"id":152234},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152236,148795],{},[20,152238,22,152239,11126],{},[15,152240,58687],{},[176,152242,152243,152246,152248,152251],{},[179,152244,152245],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[179,152247,128072],{},[179,152249,152250],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[179,152252,152253,152254],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152255,1826],{},[20,152257,267],{},[30,152259,152261],{"className":32,"code":152260,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152262,152263,152287],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152266,1379],{"class":45},[39,152268,50],{"class":49},[39,152270,933],{"class":53},[39,152272,2037],{"class":57},[39,152274,61],{"class":53},[39,152276,7505],{"class":57},[39,152278,61],{"class":53},[39,152280,7510],{"class":57},[39,152282,61],{"class":53},[39,152284,7505],{"class":57},[39,152286,130],{"class":53},[39,152288,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152290,137],{"class":136},[39,152292,124],{"class":53},[39,152294,1457],{"class":120},[39,152296,117],{"class":53},[39,152298,35558],{"class":120},[39,152300,124],{"class":53},[39,152302,15463],{"class":57},[39,152304,486],{"class":53},[20,152306,353],{},[30,152308,152309],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,152310,152311],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152312,152313],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152314,46633],{"class":57},[20,152316,20685,152317,152319,152320,152322],{},[15,152318,15463],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152321,58687],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152324,150741,152325,117],{},[195,152326,152328],{"href":152327},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[160,152330,202],{"id":201},[20,152332,7477,152333,152335],{},[15,152334,58687],{}," in two ways:",[30,152337,152339],{"className":32,"code":152338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152340,152341],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152342,152343,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152344,152345],{"class":45},"tuple_name",[39,152347,117],{"class":53},[39,152349,35558],{"class":120},[39,152351,124],{"class":53},[39,152353,2179],{"class":120},[39,152355,130],{"class":53},[20,152357,152358],{},"or:",[30,152360,152362],{"className":32,"code":152361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152363,152364],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152365,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152367,152345],{"class":45},[39,152369,117],{"class":53},[39,152371,35558],{"class":120},[39,152373,124],{"class":53},[39,152375,2179],{"class":120},[39,152377,61],{"class":53},[39,152379,35764],{"class":120},[39,152381,61],{"class":53},[39,152383,64761],{"class":120},[39,152385,130],{"class":53},[988,152387,17104],{"id":17103},[176,152389,152390,152395,152400,152405],{},[179,152391,152392,152394],{},[15,152393,2179],{}," — the item to search for",[179,152396,152397,152399],{},[15,152398,35785],{}," — optional starting position",[179,152401,152402,152404],{},[15,152403,52379],{}," — optional ending position",[179,152406,152407,4493,152409,152411],{},[15,152408,52379],{},[382,152410,64790],{}," in the search",[20,152413,267],{},[30,152415,152417],{"className":32,"code":152416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152418,152419,152467,152471,152496,152524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152420,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152422,35803],{"class":45},[39,152424,50],{"class":49},[39,152426,933],{"class":53},[39,152428,562],{"class":517},[39,152430,195],{"class":521},[39,152432,562],{"class":517},[39,152434,61],{"class":53},[39,152436,572],{"class":517},[39,152438,127],{"class":521},[39,152440,562],{"class":517},[39,152442,61],{"class":53},[39,152444,572],{"class":517},[39,152446,9454],{"class":521},[39,152448,562],{"class":517},[39,152450,61],{"class":53},[39,152452,572],{"class":517},[39,152454,127],{"class":521},[39,152456,562],{"class":517},[39,152458,61],{"class":53},[39,152460,572],{"class":517},[39,152462,18474],{"class":521},[39,152464,562],{"class":517},[39,152466,130],{"class":53},[39,152468,152469],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152470,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,152472,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,152474,137],{"class":136},[39,152476,124],{"class":53},[39,152478,35856],{"class":120},[39,152480,117],{"class":53},[39,152482,35558],{"class":120},[39,152484,124],{"class":53},[39,152486,562],{"class":517},[39,152488,127],{"class":521},[39,152490,562],{"class":517},[39,152492,5073],{"class":53},[39,152494,152495],{"class":150},"        # 1\n",[39,152497,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,152499,137],{"class":136},[39,152501,124],{"class":53},[39,152503,35856],{"class":120},[39,152505,117],{"class":53},[39,152507,35558],{"class":120},[39,152509,124],{"class":53},[39,152511,562],{"class":517},[39,152513,127],{"class":521},[39,152515,562],{"class":517},[39,152517,61],{"class":53},[39,152519,64],{"class":57},[39,152521,5073],{"class":53},[39,152523,50636],{"class":150},[39,152525,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,152527,137],{"class":136},[39,152529,124],{"class":53},[39,152531,35856],{"class":120},[39,152533,117],{"class":53},[39,152535,35558],{"class":120},[39,152537,124],{"class":53},[39,152539,562],{"class":517},[39,152541,127],{"class":521},[39,152543,562],{"class":517},[39,152545,61],{"class":53},[39,152547,5210],{"class":57},[39,152549,61],{"class":53},[39,152551,69],{"class":57},[39,152553,5073],{"class":53},[39,152555,27488],{"class":150},[160,152557,103078],{"id":103077},[20,152559,152560,25216],{},[15,152561,148795],{},[176,152563,152564,152567],{},[179,152565,152566],{},"An integer",[179,152568,152569],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152571,152572],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152574,267],{},[30,152576,152578],{"className":32,"code":152577,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152579,152580,152620,152642],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152581,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152583,108080],{"class":45},[39,152585,50],{"class":49},[39,152587,933],{"class":53},[39,152589,562],{"class":517},[39,152591,36761],{"class":521},[39,152593,562],{"class":517},[39,152595,61],{"class":53},[39,152597,572],{"class":517},[39,152599,57846],{"class":521},[39,152601,562],{"class":517},[39,152603,61],{"class":53},[39,152605,572],{"class":517},[39,152607,57863],{"class":521},[39,152609,562],{"class":517},[39,152611,61],{"class":53},[39,152613,572],{"class":517},[39,152615,57846],{"class":521},[39,152617,562],{"class":517},[39,152619,130],{"class":53},[39,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152623,109],{"class":45},[39,152625,50],{"class":49},[39,152627,108123],{"class":45},[39,152629,117],{"class":53},[39,152631,35558],{"class":120},[39,152633,124],{"class":53},[39,152635,562],{"class":517},[39,152637,57846],{"class":521},[39,152639,562],{"class":517},[39,152641,130],{"class":53},[39,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,152645,137],{"class":136},[39,152647,124],{"class":53},[39,152649,142],{"class":120},[39,152651,130],{"class":53},[20,152653,353],{},[30,152655,152656],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,152657,152658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152659,152660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152661,46633],{"class":57},[160,152663,152665],{"id":152664},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152667,154,152668,10315],{},[15,152669,148795],{},[176,152671,152672,152674,152677],{},[179,152673,65819],{},[179,152675,152676],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[179,152678,152679],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152681,152682,152683,152686,152687,117],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152684,152685],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[195,152688,149263],{"href":152689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[160,152691,65351],{"id":65350},[20,152693,152694,152695,117],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152696,40418],{},[20,152698,267],{},[30,152700,152702],{"className":32,"code":152701,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152703,152704,152736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152705,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152707,12786],{"class":45},[39,152709,50],{"class":49},[39,152711,933],{"class":53},[39,152713,562],{"class":517},[39,152715,565],{"class":521},[39,152717,562],{"class":517},[39,152719,61],{"class":53},[39,152721,572],{"class":517},[39,152723,575],{"class":521},[39,152725,562],{"class":517},[39,152727,61],{"class":53},[39,152729,572],{"class":517},[39,152731,584],{"class":521},[39,152733,562],{"class":517},[39,152735,130],{"class":53},[39,152737,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152739,137],{"class":136},[39,152741,124],{"class":53},[39,152743,17209],{"class":120},[39,152745,117],{"class":53},[39,152747,35558],{"class":120},[39,152749,124],{"class":53},[39,152751,562],{"class":517},[39,152753,610],{"class":521},[39,152755,562],{"class":517},[39,152757,486],{"class":53},[20,152759,39367,152760,152762],{},[15,152761,109405],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152764,65426],{},[30,152766,152768],{"className":32,"code":152767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152769,152770,152802,152806,152822,152844,152850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152771,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152773,12786],{"class":45},[39,152775,50],{"class":49},[39,152777,933],{"class":53},[39,152779,562],{"class":517},[39,152781,565],{"class":521},[39,152783,562],{"class":517},[39,152785,61],{"class":53},[39,152787,572],{"class":517},[39,152789,575],{"class":521},[39,152791,562],{"class":517},[39,152793,61],{"class":53},[39,152795,572],{"class":517},[39,152797,584],{"class":521},[39,152799,562],{"class":517},[39,152801,130],{"class":53},[39,152803,152804],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152805,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,152807,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,152809,6710],{"class":3584},[39,152811,572],{"class":517},[39,152813,610],{"class":521},[39,152815,562],{"class":517},[39,152817,20881],{"class":49},[39,152819,12832],{"class":45},[39,152821,6107],{"class":53},[39,152823,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,152825,7785],{"class":136},[39,152827,124],{"class":53},[39,152829,17209],{"class":120},[39,152831,117],{"class":53},[39,152833,35558],{"class":120},[39,152835,124],{"class":53},[39,152837,562],{"class":517},[39,152839,610],{"class":521},[39,152841,562],{"class":517},[39,152843,486],{"class":53},[39,152845,152846,152848],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,152847,27142],{"class":3584},[39,152849,6107],{"class":53},[39,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152861,152863],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,152853,7785],{"class":136},[39,152855,124],{"class":53},[39,152857,562],{"class":517},[39,152859,152860],{"class":521},"Value not found",[39,152862,562],{"class":517},[39,152864,130],{"class":53},[20,152866,353],{},[30,152868,152870],{"className":32,"code":152869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Value not found\n",[15,152871,152872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152873,152874,152877,152879],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152875,152876],{"class":45},"Value ",[39,152878,4340],{"class":49},[39,152880,65550],{"class":45},[20,152882,152883,152884,117],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[195,152885,65560],{"href":65559},[160,152887,718,152888,4104,152890],{"id":65127},[15,152889,35785],{},[15,152891,52379],{},[20,152893,22,152894,4104,152896,152898],{},[15,152895,35785],{},[15,152897,52379],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152900,152901],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152903,267],{},[30,152905,152907],{"className":32,"code":152906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152908,152909,152937,152941,152962,152986],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152910,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152912,3529],{"class":45},[39,152914,50],{"class":49},[39,152916,933],{"class":53},[39,152918,1843],{"class":57},[39,152920,61],{"class":53},[39,152922,5718],{"class":57},[39,152924,61],{"class":53},[39,152926,316],{"class":57},[39,152928,61],{"class":53},[39,152930,7505],{"class":57},[39,152932,61],{"class":53},[39,152934,316],{"class":57},[39,152936,130],{"class":53},[39,152938,152939],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,152940,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,152942,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,152944,137],{"class":136},[39,152946,124],{"class":53},[39,152948,5070],{"class":120},[39,152950,117],{"class":53},[39,152952,35558],{"class":120},[39,152954,124],{"class":53},[39,152956,1843],{"class":57},[39,152958,5073],{"class":53},[39,152960,152961],{"class":150},"        # 0\n",[39,152963,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,152965,137],{"class":136},[39,152967,124],{"class":53},[39,152969,5070],{"class":120},[39,152971,117],{"class":53},[39,152973,35558],{"class":120},[39,152975,124],{"class":53},[39,152977,1843],{"class":57},[39,152979,61],{"class":53},[39,152981,5210],{"class":57},[39,152983,5073],{"class":53},[39,152985,50670],{"class":150},[39,152987,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,152989,137],{"class":136},[39,152991,124],{"class":53},[39,152993,5070],{"class":120},[39,152995,117],{"class":53},[39,152997,35558],{"class":120},[39,152999,124],{"class":53},[39,153001,1843],{"class":57},[39,153003,61],{"class":53},[39,153005,69],{"class":57},[39,153007,61],{"class":53},[39,153009,316],{"class":57},[39,153011,5073],{"class":53},[39,153013,50653],{"class":150},[988,153015,153017],{"id":153016},"how-it-works","How it works",[176,153019,153020,153025,153030],{},[179,153021,153022,153024],{},[15,153023,35785],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[179,153026,153027,153029],{},[15,153028,52379],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[179,153031,22,153032,153034],{},[15,153033,52379],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153036,267],{},[30,153038,153040],{"className":32,"code":153039,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153041,153042,153070,153074],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153043,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153045,3529],{"class":45},[39,153047,50],{"class":49},[39,153049,933],{"class":53},[39,153051,1843],{"class":57},[39,153053,61],{"class":53},[39,153055,5718],{"class":57},[39,153057,61],{"class":53},[39,153059,316],{"class":57},[39,153061,61],{"class":53},[39,153063,7505],{"class":57},[39,153065,61],{"class":53},[39,153067,316],{"class":57},[39,153069,130],{"class":53},[39,153071,153072],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153073,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,153075,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153077,137],{"class":136},[39,153079,124],{"class":53},[39,153081,5070],{"class":120},[39,153083,117],{"class":53},[39,153085,35558],{"class":120},[39,153087,124],{"class":53},[39,153089,1843],{"class":57},[39,153091,61],{"class":53},[39,153093,5210],{"class":57},[39,153095,61],{"class":53},[39,153097,94],{"class":57},[39,153099,486],{"class":53},[20,153101,353],{},[30,153103,153104],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,153105,153106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153107,153108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153109,1553],{"class":57},[20,153111,153112,153113,1896,153115,16781,153117,153119,153120,117],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153114,58],{},[15,153116,85],{},[15,153118,307],{},", but not ",[15,153121,2212],{},[160,153123,153125],{"id":153124},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153127,153128,153129,1250],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153130,148795],{},[176,153132,153133,153141,153146,153153],{},[179,153134,153135,153136,153138,153139],{},"Do not confuse the ",[382,153137,2179],{}," with the ",[382,153140,35558],{},[179,153142,153143,153144],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153145,1826],{},[179,153147,154,153148,153152],{},[195,153149,148821,153150,1627],{"href":148873},[15,153151,57009],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[179,153154,153155,153156,153158],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153157,152685],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153160,153161],{},"Example of value vs index:",[30,153163,153165],{"className":32,"code":153164,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153166,153167,153199,153203,153227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153168,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153170,35952],{"class":45},[39,153172,50],{"class":49},[39,153174,933],{"class":53},[39,153176,562],{"class":517},[39,153178,3789],{"class":521},[39,153180,562],{"class":517},[39,153182,61],{"class":53},[39,153184,572],{"class":517},[39,153186,3798],{"class":521},[39,153188,562],{"class":517},[39,153190,61],{"class":53},[39,153192,572],{"class":517},[39,153194,32930],{"class":521},[39,153196,562],{"class":517},[39,153198,130],{"class":53},[39,153200,153201],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153202,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153206,137],{"class":136},[39,153208,124],{"class":53},[39,153210,36004],{"class":120},[39,153212,117],{"class":53},[39,153214,35558],{"class":120},[39,153216,124],{"class":53},[39,153218,562],{"class":517},[39,153220,3798],{"class":521},[39,153222,562],{"class":517},[39,153224,5073],{"class":53},[39,153226,27488],{"class":150},[39,153228,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153230,137],{"class":136},[39,153232,124],{"class":53},[39,153234,36004],{"class":120},[39,153236,3609],{"class":53},[39,153238,58],{"class":57},[39,153240,20153],{"class":53},[39,153242,153243],{"class":150},"               # banana\n",[20,153245,1885],{},[176,153247,153248,153252],{},[179,153249,153250,14956],{},[15,153251,64995],{},[179,153253,153254,153256],{},[15,153255,58],{}," is the index",[160,153258,2537],{"id":2536},[20,153260,105815,153261,1250],{},[15,153262,148795],{},[176,153264,153265,153268,153273,153278,153285],{},[179,153266,153267],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[179,153269,8170,153270,153272],{},[15,153271,58687],{}," to return all matching positions",[179,153274,153275,153276],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153277,1826],{},[179,153279,153280,153281,4104,153283],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153282,35785],{},[15,153284,52379],{},[179,153286,1282,153287,153289],{},[15,153288,148795],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[988,153291,60430],{"id":60429},[20,153293,94099],{},[30,153295,153297],{"className":32,"code":153296,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153298,153299,153309,153323,153338,153356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153300,153301,153303,153305,153307],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153302,137],{"class":136},[39,153304,124],{"class":53},[39,153306,147608],{"class":120},[39,153308,130],{"class":53},[39,153310,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153312,137],{"class":136},[39,153314,124],{"class":53},[39,153316,1361],{"class":136},[39,153318,124],{"class":53},[39,153320,147608],{"class":120},[39,153322,486],{"class":53},[39,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153336],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153326,137],{"class":136},[39,153328,124],{"class":53},[39,153330,2154],{"class":120},[39,153332,3591],{"class":3584},[39,153334,153335],{"class":120}," my_tuple",[39,153337,130],{"class":53},[39,153339,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153341,137],{"class":136},[39,153343,124],{"class":53},[39,153345,147608],{"class":120},[39,153347,117],{"class":53},[39,153349,40974],{"class":120},[39,153351,124],{"class":53},[39,153353,2179],{"class":120},[39,153355,486],{"class":53},[39,153357,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,153359,137],{"class":136},[39,153361,124],{"class":53},[39,153363,147608],{"class":120},[39,153365,117],{"class":53},[39,153367,35558],{"class":120},[39,153369,124],{"class":53},[39,153371,2179],{"class":120},[39,153373,486],{"class":53},[20,153375,153376,153377,84117,153379,153381],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153378,40418],{},[15,153380,2179],{}," is missing.",[20,153383,129225],{},[30,153385,153387],{"className":32,"code":153386,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153388,153389,153401,153419,153425],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153390,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153392,6710],{"class":3584},[39,153394,21292],{"class":45},[39,153396,3591],{"class":49},[39,153398,153335],{"class":45},[39,153400,6107],{"class":53},[39,153402,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153404,7785],{"class":136},[39,153406,124],{"class":53},[39,153408,147608],{"class":120},[39,153410,117],{"class":53},[39,153412,35558],{"class":120},[39,153414,124],{"class":53},[39,153416,2179],{"class":120},[39,153418,486],{"class":53},[39,153420,153421,153423],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153422,27142],{"class":3584},[39,153424,6107],{"class":53},[39,153426,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153428,7785],{"class":136},[39,153430,124],{"class":53},[39,153432,562],{"class":517},[39,153434,152860],{"class":521},[39,153436,562],{"class":517},[39,153438,130],{"class":53},[160,153440,1563],{"id":1562},[988,153442,4853,153444,12428],{"id":153443},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153445,148795],{},[20,153447,153448],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[988,153450,153452],{"id":153451},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153454,153455,152322],{},[15,153456,148795],{},[988,153458,148774],{"id":148773},[20,153460,76579,153461,117],{},[15,153462,40418],{},[988,153464,153466],{"id":153465},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153468,153469,153470,4104,153472,153474],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153471,35785],{},[15,153473,52379],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[988,153476,14612,153478,56924,153480,2199],{"id":153477},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153479,148795],{},[15,153481,64586],{},[20,153483,153484],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[160,153486,1613],{"id":1612},[176,153488,153489,153495,153499,153504,153508],{},[179,153490,153491],{},[195,153492,148821,153493,1627],{"href":148873},[15,153494,57009],{},[179,153496,153497],{},[195,153498,149263],{"href":152689},[179,153500,153501],{},[195,153502,153503],{"href":150569},"Creating a tuple in Python",[179,153505,153506],{},[195,153507,65560],{"href":65559},[179,153509,153510],{},[195,153511,150517],{"href":152327},[1642,153513,153514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":153516},[153517,153518,153520,153523,153524,153525,153526,153529,153530,153533,153542],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":152234,"depth":75,"text":153519},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202,"children":153521},[153522],{"id":17103,"depth":99,"text":17104},{"id":103077,"depth":75,"text":103078},{"id":152664,"depth":75,"text":152665},{"id":65350,"depth":75,"text":65351},{"id":65127,"depth":75,"text":65910,"children":153527},[153528],{"id":153016,"depth":99,"text":153017},{"id":153124,"depth":75,"text":153125},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537,"children":153531},[153532],{"id":60429,"depth":99,"text":60430},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":153534},[153535,153537,153538,153539,153540],{"id":153443,"depth":99,"text":153536},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153451,"depth":99,"text":153452},{"id":148773,"depth":99,"text":148774},{"id":153465,"depth":99,"text":153466},{"id":153477,"depth":99,"text":153541},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152129,"description":153543},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153550,"title":153551,"body":153552,"description":154947,"extension":1670,"meta":154948,"navigation":102,"path":152689,"seo":154949,"stem":154950,"__hash__":154951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153553,"toc":154929},[153554,153557,153560,153563,153577,153579,153582,153676,153686,153692,153696,153699,153702,153704,153722,153724,153795,153797,153814,153818,153822,153825,153842,153845,153860,153862,153953,153956,153960,153963,153980,153982,154077,154080,154083,154087,154090,154184,154186,154205,154208,154212,154215,154217,154272,154274,154309,154312,154326,154334,154427,154436,154440,154443,154450,154453,154500,154502,154510,154513,154564,154566,154583,154588,154592,154595,154598,154600,154651,154654,154709,154712,154715,154717,154720,154740,154742,154815,154818,154831,154833,154837,154842,154846,154851,154868,154872,154875,154892,154896,154899,154901,154926],[10,153555,153551],{"id":153556},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153558,153559],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153561,153562],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[176,153564,153565,153568,153571,153574],{},[179,153566,153567],{},"positive indexes",[179,153569,153570],{},"negative indexes",[179,153572,153573],{},"common indexing mistakes",[179,153575,153576],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[160,153578,3313],{"id":3312},[20,153580,153581],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[30,153583,153585],{"className":32,"code":153584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153586,153587,153619,153623,153640,153657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153588,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153590,12786],{"class":45},[39,153592,50],{"class":49},[39,153594,933],{"class":53},[39,153596,562],{"class":517},[39,153598,565],{"class":521},[39,153600,562],{"class":517},[39,153602,61],{"class":53},[39,153604,572],{"class":517},[39,153606,584],{"class":521},[39,153608,562],{"class":517},[39,153610,61],{"class":53},[39,153612,572],{"class":517},[39,153614,575],{"class":521},[39,153616,562],{"class":517},[39,153618,130],{"class":53},[39,153620,153621],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153622,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,153624,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153626,137],{"class":136},[39,153628,124],{"class":53},[39,153630,17209],{"class":120},[39,153632,3609],{"class":53},[39,153634,1826],{"class":57},[39,153636,20153],{"class":53},[39,153638,153639],{"class":150},"   # red\n",[39,153641,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153643,137],{"class":136},[39,153645,124],{"class":53},[39,153647,17209],{"class":120},[39,153649,3609],{"class":53},[39,153651,58],{"class":57},[39,153653,20153],{"class":53},[39,153655,153656],{"class":150},"   # green\n",[39,153658,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,153660,137],{"class":136},[39,153662,124],{"class":53},[39,153664,17209],{"class":120},[39,153666,3609],{"class":53},[39,153668,1730],{"class":49},[39,153670,58],{"class":57},[39,153672,20153],{"class":53},[39,153674,153675],{"class":150},"  # blue\n",[176,153677,153678,153683],{},[179,153679,132014,153680,153682],{},[15,153681,1826],{}," is the first item.",[179,153684,153685],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153687,153688,153689,117],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[195,153690,153691],{"href":147593},"how to create a tuple in Python",[160,153693,153695],{"id":153694},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153697,153698],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153700,153701],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153703,11172],{},[176,153705,153706,153709,153716,153719],{},[179,153707,153708],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[179,153710,153711,153712,18670,153714],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153713,1826],{},[15,153715,58],{},[179,153717,153718],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[179,153720,153721],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153723,267],{},[30,153725,153727],{"className":32,"code":153726,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153728,153729,153749,153753,153767,153781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153730,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153732,1379],{"class":45},[39,153734,50],{"class":49},[39,153736,933],{"class":53},[39,153738,2037],{"class":57},[39,153740,61],{"class":53},[39,153742,7505],{"class":57},[39,153744,61],{"class":53},[39,153746,7510],{"class":57},[39,153748,130],{"class":53},[39,153750,153751],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153752,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,153754,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153756,137],{"class":136},[39,153758,124],{"class":53},[39,153760,1457],{"class":120},[39,153762,3609],{"class":53},[39,153764,1826],{"class":57},[39,153766,3597],{"class":53},[39,153768,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153770,137],{"class":136},[39,153772,124],{"class":53},[39,153774,1457],{"class":120},[39,153776,3609],{"class":53},[39,153778,58],{"class":57},[39,153780,3597],{"class":53},[39,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,153784,137],{"class":136},[39,153786,124],{"class":53},[39,153788,1457],{"class":120},[39,153790,3609],{"class":53},[39,153792,85],{"class":57},[39,153794,3597],{"class":53},[20,153796,353],{},[30,153798,153800],{"className":32,"code":153799,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153801,153802,153806,153810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153803,153804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153805,2083],{"class":57},[39,153807,153808],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153809,70945],{"class":57},[39,153811,153812],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153813,69561],{"class":57},[20,153815,59112,153816,117],{},[195,153817,147590],{"href":147589},[160,153819,153821],{"id":153820},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153823,153824],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[176,153826,153827,153832,153837],{},[179,153828,153829,153831],{},[15,153830,1826],{}," = first item",[179,153833,153834,153836],{},[15,153835,58],{}," = second item",[179,153838,153839,153841],{},[15,153840,85],{}," = third item",[20,153843,153844],{},"Pattern:",[30,153846,153848],{"className":32,"code":153847,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153849,153850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153851,153852,153854,153856,153858],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153853,152345],{"class":45},[39,153855,3609],{"class":53},[39,153857,35558],{"class":45},[39,153859,3340],{"class":53},[20,153861,267],{},[30,153863,153865],{"className":32,"code":153864,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153866,153867,153899,153903,153920,153936],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153868,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153870,35952],{"class":45},[39,153872,50],{"class":49},[39,153874,933],{"class":53},[39,153876,562],{"class":517},[39,153878,3789],{"class":521},[39,153880,562],{"class":517},[39,153882,61],{"class":53},[39,153884,572],{"class":517},[39,153886,3798],{"class":521},[39,153888,562],{"class":517},[39,153890,61],{"class":53},[39,153892,572],{"class":517},[39,153894,3807],{"class":521},[39,153896,562],{"class":517},[39,153898,130],{"class":53},[39,153900,153901],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,153902,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,153904,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,153906,137],{"class":136},[39,153908,124],{"class":53},[39,153910,36004],{"class":120},[39,153912,3609],{"class":53},[39,153914,1826],{"class":57},[39,153916,20153],{"class":53},[39,153918,153919],{"class":150},"  # apple\n",[39,153921,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,153923,137],{"class":136},[39,153925,124],{"class":53},[39,153927,36004],{"class":120},[39,153929,3609],{"class":53},[39,153931,58],{"class":57},[39,153933,20153],{"class":53},[39,153935,51204],{"class":150},[39,153937,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,153939,137],{"class":136},[39,153941,124],{"class":53},[39,153943,36004],{"class":120},[39,153945,3609],{"class":53},[39,153947,85],{"class":57},[39,153949,20153],{"class":53},[39,153951,153952],{"class":150},"  # cherry\n",[20,153954,153955],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[160,153957,153959],{"id":153958},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153961,153962],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[176,153964,153965,153970,153975],{},[179,153966,153967,153969],{},[15,153968,65575],{}," = last item",[179,153971,153972,153974],{},[15,153973,95129],{}," = second-to-last item",[179,153976,153977,153979],{},[15,153978,47387],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153981,267],{},[30,153983,153985],{"className":32,"code":153984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153986,153987,154019,154023,154041,154059],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153988,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153990,35952],{"class":45},[39,153992,50],{"class":49},[39,153994,933],{"class":53},[39,153996,562],{"class":517},[39,153998,3789],{"class":521},[39,154000,562],{"class":517},[39,154002,61],{"class":53},[39,154004,572],{"class":517},[39,154006,3798],{"class":521},[39,154008,562],{"class":517},[39,154010,61],{"class":53},[39,154012,572],{"class":517},[39,154014,3807],{"class":521},[39,154016,562],{"class":517},[39,154018,130],{"class":53},[39,154020,154021],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154022,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154024,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154026,137],{"class":136},[39,154028,124],{"class":53},[39,154030,36004],{"class":120},[39,154032,3609],{"class":53},[39,154034,1730],{"class":49},[39,154036,58],{"class":57},[39,154038,20153],{"class":53},[39,154040,153952],{"class":150},[39,154042,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,154044,137],{"class":136},[39,154046,124],{"class":53},[39,154048,36004],{"class":120},[39,154050,3609],{"class":53},[39,154052,1730],{"class":49},[39,154054,85],{"class":57},[39,154056,20153],{"class":53},[39,154058,51204],{"class":150},[39,154060,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,154062,137],{"class":136},[39,154064,124],{"class":53},[39,154066,36004],{"class":120},[39,154068,3609],{"class":53},[39,154070,1730],{"class":49},[39,154072,307],{"class":57},[39,154074,20153],{"class":53},[39,154076,153919],{"class":150},[20,154078,154079],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154081,154082],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[160,154084,154086],{"id":154085},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154088,154089],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[30,154091,154093],{"className":32,"code":154092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154094,154095,154127,154131,154148,154165],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154096,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154098,4705],{"class":45},[39,154100,50],{"class":49},[39,154102,933],{"class":53},[39,154104,562],{"class":517},[39,154106,12593],{"class":521},[39,154108,562],{"class":517},[39,154110,61],{"class":53},[39,154112,572],{"class":517},[39,154114,35653],{"class":521},[39,154116,562],{"class":517},[39,154118,61],{"class":53},[39,154120,572],{"class":517},[39,154122,35662],{"class":521},[39,154124,562],{"class":517},[39,154126,130],{"class":53},[39,154128,154129],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154130,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154132,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154134,137],{"class":136},[39,154136,124],{"class":53},[39,154138,4749],{"class":120},[39,154140,3609],{"class":53},[39,154142,1826],{"class":57},[39,154144,20153],{"class":53},[39,154146,154147],{"class":150},"   # first item\n",[39,154149,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,154151,137],{"class":136},[39,154153,124],{"class":53},[39,154155,4749],{"class":120},[39,154157,3609],{"class":53},[39,154159,58],{"class":57},[39,154161,20153],{"class":53},[39,154163,154164],{"class":150},"   # middle item\n",[39,154166,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,154168,137],{"class":136},[39,154170,124],{"class":53},[39,154172,4749],{"class":120},[39,154174,3609],{"class":53},[39,154176,1730],{"class":49},[39,154178,58],{"class":57},[39,154180,20153],{"class":53},[39,154182,154183],{"class":150},"  # last item\n",[20,154185,353],{},[30,154187,154189],{"className":32,"code":154188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154190,154191,154195,154200],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154192,154193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154194,49757],{"class":45},[39,154196,154197],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154198,154199],{"class":45},"Ben\n",[39,154201,154202],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154203,154204],{"class":45},"Cara\n",[20,154206,154207],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[160,154209,154211],{"id":154210},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154213,154214],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154216,267],{},[30,154218,154220],{"className":32,"code":154219,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154221,154222,154254,154258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154223,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154225,35803],{"class":45},[39,154227,50],{"class":49},[39,154229,933],{"class":53},[39,154231,562],{"class":517},[39,154233,195],{"class":521},[39,154235,562],{"class":517},[39,154237,61],{"class":53},[39,154239,572],{"class":517},[39,154241,127],{"class":521},[39,154243,562],{"class":517},[39,154245,61],{"class":53},[39,154247,572],{"class":517},[39,154249,9454],{"class":521},[39,154251,562],{"class":517},[39,154253,130],{"class":53},[39,154255,154256],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154257,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154259,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154261,137],{"class":136},[39,154263,124],{"class":53},[39,154265,35856],{"class":120},[39,154267,3609],{"class":53},[39,154269,1843],{"class":57},[39,154271,3597],{"class":53},[20,154273,353],{},[30,154275,154277],{"className":32,"code":154276,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154278,154279,154291,154296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154280,154281,154284,154286,154289],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154282,154283],{"class":120},"Traceback ",[39,154285,124],{"class":53},[39,154287,154288],{"class":120},"most recent call last",[39,154290,8059],{"class":53},[39,154292,154293],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154294,154295],{"class":34163},"  ...\n",[39,154297,154298,154300,154302,154304,154307],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154299,70452],{"class":478},[39,154301,1250],{"class":53},[39,154303,148956],{"class":478},[39,154305,154306],{"class":45}," index out of ",[39,154308,70644],{"class":136},[20,154310,154311],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[176,154313,154314,154318,154322],{},[179,154315,154316],{},[15,154317,1826],{},[179,154319,154320],{},[15,154321,58],{},[179,154323,154324],{},[15,154325,85],{},[20,154327,154328,154329,117],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[195,154330,154331,154333],{"href":148828},[15,154332,42076],{}," on a tuple",[30,154335,154337],{"className":32,"code":154336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154338,154339,154371,154375,154391,154395,154413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154342,35803],{"class":45},[39,154344,50],{"class":49},[39,154346,933],{"class":53},[39,154348,562],{"class":517},[39,154350,195],{"class":521},[39,154352,562],{"class":517},[39,154354,61],{"class":53},[39,154356,572],{"class":517},[39,154358,127],{"class":521},[39,154360,562],{"class":517},[39,154362,61],{"class":53},[39,154364,572],{"class":517},[39,154366,9454],{"class":521},[39,154368,562],{"class":517},[39,154370,130],{"class":53},[39,154372,154373],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154374,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154376,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154378,137],{"class":136},[39,154380,124],{"class":53},[39,154382,1361],{"class":136},[39,154384,124],{"class":53},[39,154386,35856],{"class":120},[39,154388,5073],{"class":53},[39,154390,50488],{"class":150},[39,154392,154393],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,154394,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154396,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,154398,6710],{"class":3584},[39,154400,38099],{"class":136},[39,154402,124],{"class":53},[39,154404,35856],{"class":120},[39,154406,3366],{"class":53},[39,154408,38109],{"class":49},[39,154410,64],{"class":57},[39,154412,6107],{"class":53},[39,154414,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,154416,7785],{"class":136},[39,154418,124],{"class":53},[39,154420,35856],{"class":120},[39,154422,3609],{"class":53},[39,154424,85],{"class":57},[39,154426,3597],{"class":53},[20,154428,154429,154430,117],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[195,154431,25387,154433],{"href":154432},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154434,154435],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[160,154437,154439],{"id":154438},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154441,154442],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,154444,154445,154447],{},[179,154446,76596],{},[179,154448,154449],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154451,154452],{},"Indexing example:",[30,154454,154456],{"className":32,"code":154455,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154457,154458,154482,154486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154459,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154461,1379],{"class":45},[39,154463,50],{"class":49},[39,154465,933],{"class":53},[39,154467,2037],{"class":57},[39,154469,61],{"class":53},[39,154471,7505],{"class":57},[39,154473,61],{"class":53},[39,154475,7510],{"class":57},[39,154477,61],{"class":53},[39,154479,50561],{"class":57},[39,154481,130],{"class":53},[39,154483,154484],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154485,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154487,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154489,137],{"class":136},[39,154491,124],{"class":53},[39,154493,1457],{"class":120},[39,154495,3609],{"class":53},[39,154497,58],{"class":57},[39,154499,3597],{"class":53},[20,154501,353],{},[30,154503,154504],{"className":32,"code":70945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,154505,154506],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154507,154508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154509,70945],{"class":57},[20,154511,154512],{},"Slicing example:",[30,154514,154516],{"className":32,"code":154515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154517,154518,154542,154546],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154519,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154521,1379],{"class":45},[39,154523,50],{"class":49},[39,154525,933],{"class":53},[39,154527,2037],{"class":57},[39,154529,61],{"class":53},[39,154531,7505],{"class":57},[39,154533,61],{"class":53},[39,154535,7510],{"class":57},[39,154537,61],{"class":53},[39,154539,50561],{"class":57},[39,154541,130],{"class":53},[39,154543,154544],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154545,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,154547,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558,154560,154562],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154549,137],{"class":136},[39,154551,124],{"class":53},[39,154553,1457],{"class":120},[39,154555,3609],{"class":53},[39,154557,58],{"class":57},[39,154559,1250],{"class":53},[39,154561,307],{"class":57},[39,154563,3597],{"class":53},[20,154565,353],{},[30,154567,154569],{"className":32,"code":154568,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154570,154571],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154572,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154574,124],{"class":53},[39,154576,15463],{"class":57},[39,154578,61],{"class":53},[39,154580,7510],{"class":57},[39,154582,130],{"class":53},[20,154584,154585,154586,117],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[195,154587,150507],{"href":150506},[160,154589,154591],{"id":154590},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154593,154594],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154596,154597],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154599,6400],{},[30,154601,154603],{"className":32,"code":154602,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154604,154605,154637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154606,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154608,12786],{"class":45},[39,154610,50],{"class":49},[39,154612,933],{"class":53},[39,154614,562],{"class":517},[39,154616,565],{"class":521},[39,154618,562],{"class":517},[39,154620,61],{"class":53},[39,154622,572],{"class":517},[39,154624,584],{"class":521},[39,154626,562],{"class":517},[39,154628,61],{"class":53},[39,154630,572],{"class":517},[39,154632,575],{"class":521},[39,154634,562],{"class":517},[39,154636,130],{"class":53},[39,154638,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154640,137],{"class":136},[39,154642,124],{"class":53},[39,154644,17209],{"class":120},[39,154646,3609],{"class":53},[39,154648,58],{"class":57},[39,154650,3597],{"class":53},[20,154652,154653],{},"But this does not work:",[30,154655,154657],{"className":32,"code":154656,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154658,154659,154691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154660,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154662,12786],{"class":45},[39,154664,50],{"class":49},[39,154666,933],{"class":53},[39,154668,562],{"class":517},[39,154670,565],{"class":521},[39,154672,562],{"class":517},[39,154674,61],{"class":53},[39,154676,572],{"class":517},[39,154678,584],{"class":521},[39,154680,562],{"class":517},[39,154682,61],{"class":53},[39,154684,572],{"class":517},[39,154686,575],{"class":521},[39,154688,562],{"class":517},[39,154690,130],{"class":53},[39,154692,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154694,17209],{"class":45},[39,154696,3609],{"class":53},[39,154698,58],{"class":57},[39,154700,12982],{"class":53},[39,154702,12985],{"class":49},[39,154704,572],{"class":517},[39,154706,610],{"class":521},[39,154708,3062],{"class":517},[20,154710,154711],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154713,154714],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[160,154716,2537],{"id":2536},[20,154718,154719],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[176,154721,154722,154728,154731,154734],{},[179,154723,132318,154724,10806,154726],{},[15,154725,58],{},[15,154727,1826],{},[179,154729,154730],{},"Using an index that is too large",[179,154732,154733],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[179,154735,154736,154737],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154738,154739],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154741,62015],{},[30,154743,154745],{"className":32,"code":154744,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154746,154747,154757,154771,154785,154801],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154748,154749,154751,154753,154755],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154750,137],{"class":136},[39,154752,124],{"class":53},[39,154754,147608],{"class":120},[39,154756,130],{"class":53},[39,154758,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,154760,137],{"class":136},[39,154762,124],{"class":53},[39,154764,1361],{"class":136},[39,154766,124],{"class":53},[39,154768,147608],{"class":120},[39,154770,486],{"class":53},[39,154772,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,154774,137],{"class":136},[39,154776,124],{"class":53},[39,154778,147608],{"class":120},[39,154780,3609],{"class":53},[39,154782,1826],{"class":57},[39,154784,3597],{"class":53},[39,154786,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,154788,137],{"class":136},[39,154790,124],{"class":53},[39,154792,147608],{"class":120},[39,154794,3609],{"class":53},[39,154796,1730],{"class":49},[39,154798,58],{"class":57},[39,154800,3597],{"class":53},[39,154802,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,154804,137],{"class":136},[39,154806,124],{"class":53},[39,154808,479],{"class":478},[39,154810,124],{"class":53},[39,154812,147608],{"class":120},[39,154814,486],{"class":53},[20,154816,154817],{},"These can help you confirm:",[176,154819,154820,154823,154825,154828],{},[179,154821,154822],{},"what the tuple contains",[179,154824,60504],{},[179,154826,154827],{},"what the first and last items are",[179,154829,154830],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[160,154832,1563],{"id":1562},[988,154834,154836],{"id":154835},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154838,154839,154840,117],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154841,1826],{},[988,154843,154845],{"id":154844},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154847,154,154848,154850],{},[15,154849,65575],{}," as the index:",[30,154852,154854],{"className":32,"code":154853,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154855,154856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154857,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154859,147608],{"class":45},[39,154861,3609],{"class":53},[39,154863,1730],{"class":49},[39,154865,58],{"class":57},[39,154867,3340],{"class":53},[988,154869,154871],{"id":154870},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154873,154874],{},"Python raises:",[30,154876,154878],{"className":32,"code":154877,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154879,154880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154881,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154883,70452],{"class":478},[39,154885,1250],{"class":53},[39,154887,148956],{"class":478},[39,154889,154306],{"class":45},[39,154891,70644],{"class":136},[988,154893,154895],{"id":154894},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154897,154898],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[160,154900,1613],{"id":1612},[176,154902,154903,154908,154912,154916,154922],{},[179,154904,154905],{},[195,154906,154907],{"href":147593},"How to create a tuple in Python",[179,154909,154910],{},[195,154911,150507],{"href":150506},[179,154913,154914],{},[195,154915,150512],{"href":148828},[179,154917,154918],{},[195,154919,25830,154920],{"href":154432},[15,154921,154435],{},[179,154923,154924],{},[195,154925,147590],{"href":147589},[1642,154927,154928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":154930},[154931,154932,154933,154934,154935,154936,154937,154938,154939,154940,154946],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":153694,"depth":75,"text":153695},{"id":153820,"depth":75,"text":153821},{"id":153958,"depth":75,"text":153959},{"id":154085,"depth":75,"text":154086},{"id":154210,"depth":75,"text":154211},{"id":154438,"depth":75,"text":154439},{"id":154590,"depth":75,"text":154591},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":154941},[154942,154943,154944,154945],{"id":154835,"depth":99,"text":154836},{"id":154844,"depth":99,"text":154845},{"id":154870,"depth":99,"text":154871},{"id":154894,"depth":99,"text":154895},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153551,"description":154947},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154953,"title":154954,"body":154955,"description":156844,"extension":1670,"meta":156845,"navigation":102,"path":156846,"seo":156847,"stem":156848,"__hash__":156849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154956,"toc":156801},[154957,154963,154968,155019,155023,155031,155037,155039,155055,155057,155060,155075,155077,155090,155092,155149,155153,155161,155168,155174,155180,155184,155235,155239,155247,155251,155280,155284,155292,155296,155329,155333,155341,155345,155348,155399,155403,155411,155413,155430,155434,155438,155497,155501,155509,155512,155539,155543,155551,155555,155561,155636,155640,155677,155685,155689,155752,155756,155764,155769,155773,155779,155822,155826,155834,155840,155843,155890,155894,155902,155911,155917,155972,155976,155984,155987,155991,155993,156024,156028,156047,156050,156095,156099,156122,156128,156133,156135,156182,156187,156190,156238,156242,156250,156254,156259,156263,156313,156317,156332,156336,156394,156398,156413,156417,156488,156492,156501,156505,156584,156588,156610,156618,156620,156623,156648,156650,156703,156705,156722,156724,156728,156734,156739,156744,156748,156753,156757,156762,156768,156771,156773,156798],[10,154958,154960,154961,3366],{"id":154959},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154962,1361],{},[20,154964,154,154965,154967],{},[15,154966,42076],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[30,154969,154971],{"className":32,"code":154970,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154972,154973,155005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154974,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154976,12786],{"class":45},[39,154978,50],{"class":49},[39,154980,933],{"class":53},[39,154982,562],{"class":517},[39,154984,565],{"class":521},[39,154986,562],{"class":517},[39,154988,61],{"class":53},[39,154990,572],{"class":517},[39,154992,584],{"class":521},[39,154994,562],{"class":517},[39,154996,61],{"class":53},[39,154998,572],{"class":517},[39,155000,575],{"class":521},[39,155002,562],{"class":517},[39,155004,130],{"class":53},[39,155006,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155008,137],{"class":136},[39,155010,124],{"class":53},[39,155012,1361],{"class":136},[39,155014,124],{"class":53},[39,155016,17209],{"class":120},[39,155018,486],{"class":53},[20,155020,155021],{},[382,155022,353],{},[30,155024,155025],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155026,155027],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155028,155029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155030,46333],{"class":57},[20,155032,154,155033,155036],{},[15,155034,155035],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[160,155038,14872],{"id":14871},[176,155040,155041,155046,155050,155053],{},[179,155042,3909,155043,155045],{},[15,155044,42076],{}," works with tuples",[179,155047,67979,155048,11417],{},[15,155049,42076],{},[179,155051,155052],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[179,155054,1244],{},[160,155056,202],{"id":201},[20,155058,155059],{},"Use this pattern:",[30,155061,155063],{"className":32,"code":155062,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155064,155065],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155066,155067,155069,155071,155073],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155068,1361],{"class":136},[39,155070,124],{"class":53},[39,155072,147608],{"class":120},[39,155074,130],{"class":53},[20,155076,11172],{},[176,155078,155079,155082,155085],{},[179,155080,155081],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[179,155083,155084],{},"The result is an integer",[179,155086,155087,155089],{},[15,155088,42076],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155091,267],{},[30,155093,155095],{"className":32,"code":155094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155096,155097,155121,155135,155139],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155098,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155100,1379],{"class":45},[39,155102,50],{"class":49},[39,155104,933],{"class":53},[39,155106,2037],{"class":57},[39,155108,61],{"class":53},[39,155110,7505],{"class":57},[39,155112,61],{"class":53},[39,155114,7510],{"class":57},[39,155116,61],{"class":53},[39,155118,50561],{"class":57},[39,155120,130],{"class":53},[39,155122,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155124,40956],{"class":45},[39,155126,50],{"class":49},[39,155128,38099],{"class":136},[39,155130,124],{"class":53},[39,155132,1457],{"class":120},[39,155134,130],{"class":53},[39,155136,155137],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,155138,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,155140,155141,155143,155145,155147],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,155142,137],{"class":136},[39,155144,124],{"class":53},[39,155146,40974],{"class":120},[39,155148,130],{"class":53},[20,155150,155151],{},[382,155152,353],{},[30,155154,155155],{"className":32,"code":48367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155156,155157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155158,155159],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155160,48367],{"class":57},[20,155162,155163,155164,117],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[195,155165,13,155166,3213],{"href":42073},[15,155167,42076],{},[160,155169,3383,155171,155173],{"id":155170},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155172,42076],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155175,155176,155177,155179],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155178,42076],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[988,155181,155183],{"id":155182},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[30,155185,155187],{"className":32,"code":155186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155188,155189,155221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155190,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155192,35952],{"class":45},[39,155194,50],{"class":49},[39,155196,933],{"class":53},[39,155198,562],{"class":517},[39,155200,3789],{"class":521},[39,155202,562],{"class":517},[39,155204,61],{"class":53},[39,155206,572],{"class":517},[39,155208,3798],{"class":521},[39,155210,562],{"class":517},[39,155212,61],{"class":53},[39,155214,572],{"class":517},[39,155216,32930],{"class":521},[39,155218,562],{"class":517},[39,155220,130],{"class":53},[39,155222,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155224,137],{"class":136},[39,155226,124],{"class":53},[39,155228,1361],{"class":136},[39,155230,124],{"class":53},[39,155232,36004],{"class":120},[39,155234,486],{"class":53},[20,155236,155237],{},[382,155238,353],{},[30,155240,155241],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155242,155243],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155244,155245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155246,46333],{"class":57},[988,155248,155250],{"id":155249},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[30,155252,155254],{"className":32,"code":155253,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155255,155256,155265],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155257,155258,155261,155263],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155259,155260],{"class":45},"empty_tuple ",[39,155262,50],{"class":49},[39,155264,148932],{"class":53},[39,155266,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155278],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155268,137],{"class":136},[39,155270,124],{"class":53},[39,155272,1361],{"class":136},[39,155274,124],{"class":53},[39,155276,155277],{"class":120},"empty_tuple",[39,155279,486],{"class":53},[20,155281,155282],{},[382,155283,353],{},[30,155285,155286],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155287,155288],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155289,155290],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155291,46968],{"class":57},[988,155293,155295],{"id":155294},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[30,155297,155299],{"className":32,"code":155298,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155300,155301,155314],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155302,155303,155306,155308,155310,155312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155304,155305],{"class":45},"single_value ",[39,155307,50],{"class":49},[39,155309,933],{"class":53},[39,155311,1843],{"class":57},[39,155313,148946],{"class":53},[39,155315,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155327],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155317,137],{"class":136},[39,155319,124],{"class":53},[39,155321,1361],{"class":136},[39,155323,124],{"class":53},[39,155325,155326],{"class":120},"single_value",[39,155328,486],{"class":53},[20,155330,155331],{},[382,155332,353],{},[30,155334,155335],{"className":32,"code":46633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155336,155337],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155338,155339],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155340,46633],{"class":57},[988,155342,155344],{"id":155343},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155346,155347],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[30,155349,155351],{"className":32,"code":155350,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155352,155353,155385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155354,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155356,8883],{"class":45},[39,155358,50],{"class":49},[39,155360,933],{"class":53},[39,155362,58],{"class":57},[39,155364,61],{"class":53},[39,155366,933],{"class":53},[39,155368,85],{"class":57},[39,155370,61],{"class":53},[39,155372,69],{"class":57},[39,155374,8951],{"class":53},[39,155376,3327],{"class":53},[39,155378,2212],{"class":57},[39,155380,61],{"class":53},[39,155382,316],{"class":57},[39,155384,3597],{"class":53},[39,155386,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155388,137],{"class":136},[39,155390,124],{"class":53},[39,155392,1361],{"class":136},[39,155394,124],{"class":53},[39,155396,8922],{"class":120},[39,155398,486],{"class":53},[20,155400,155401],{},[382,155402,353],{},[30,155404,155405],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155406,155407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155408,155409],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155410,46333],{"class":57},[20,155412,19664],{},[176,155414,155415,155420,155425],{},[179,155416,155417,155419],{},[15,155418,58],{}," is one item",[179,155421,155422,155419],{},[15,155423,155424],{},"(2, 3)",[179,155426,155427,155419],{},[15,155428,155429],{},"[4, 5]",[160,155431,155433],{"id":155432},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[988,155435,155437],{"id":155436},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[30,155439,155441],{"className":32,"code":155440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155442,155443,155483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155444,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155446,12786],{"class":45},[39,155448,50],{"class":49},[39,155450,933],{"class":53},[39,155452,562],{"class":517},[39,155454,565],{"class":521},[39,155456,562],{"class":517},[39,155458,61],{"class":53},[39,155460,572],{"class":517},[39,155462,584],{"class":521},[39,155464,562],{"class":517},[39,155466,61],{"class":53},[39,155468,572],{"class":517},[39,155470,575],{"class":521},[39,155472,562],{"class":517},[39,155474,61],{"class":53},[39,155476,572],{"class":517},[39,155478,610],{"class":521},[39,155480,562],{"class":517},[39,155482,130],{"class":53},[39,155484,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155486,137],{"class":136},[39,155488,124],{"class":53},[39,155490,1361],{"class":136},[39,155492,124],{"class":53},[39,155494,17209],{"class":120},[39,155496,486],{"class":53},[20,155498,155499],{},[382,155500,353],{},[30,155502,155503],{"className":32,"code":48367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155504,155505],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155506,155507],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155508,48367],{"class":57},[988,155510,155250],{"id":155511},"empty-tuple-1",[30,155513,155515],{"className":32,"code":155514,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155516,155517,155525],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155518,155519,155521,155523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155520,7494],{"class":45},[39,155522,50],{"class":49},[39,155524,148932],{"class":53},[39,155526,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155528,137],{"class":136},[39,155530,124],{"class":53},[39,155532,1361],{"class":136},[39,155534,124],{"class":53},[39,155536,7525],{"class":120},[39,155538,486],{"class":53},[20,155540,155541],{},[382,155542,353],{},[30,155544,155545],{"className":32,"code":46968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155546,155547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155548,155549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155550,46968],{"class":57},[988,155552,155554],{"id":155553},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155556,155557,155558,155560],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[382,155559,4340],{}," always a tuple.",[30,155562,155564],{"className":32,"code":155563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155565,155566,155578,155590,155594,155608,155622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155567,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155569,46],{"class":45},[39,155571,50],{"class":49},[39,155573,933],{"class":53},[39,155575,1843],{"class":57},[39,155577,130],{"class":53},[39,155579,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155581,78],{"class":45},[39,155583,50],{"class":49},[39,155585,933],{"class":53},[39,155587,1843],{"class":57},[39,155589,148946],{"class":53},[39,155591,155592],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,155593,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,155595,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,155597,137],{"class":136},[39,155599,124],{"class":53},[39,155601,479],{"class":478},[39,155603,124],{"class":53},[39,155605,195],{"class":120},[39,155607,486],{"class":53},[39,155609,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,155611,137],{"class":136},[39,155613,124],{"class":53},[39,155615,479],{"class":478},[39,155617,124],{"class":53},[39,155619,127],{"class":120},[39,155621,486],{"class":53},[39,155623,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,155625,137],{"class":136},[39,155627,124],{"class":53},[39,155629,1361],{"class":136},[39,155631,124],{"class":53},[39,155633,127],{"class":120},[39,155635,486],{"class":53},[20,155637,155638],{},[382,155639,353],{},[30,155641,155643],{"className":32,"code":155642,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155644,155645,155659,155673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155646,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155648,510],{"class":49},[39,155650,514],{"class":513},[39,155652,518],{"class":517},[39,155654,1895],{"class":521},[39,155656,524],{"class":517},[39,155658,527],{"class":49},[39,155660,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155662,510],{"class":49},[39,155664,514],{"class":513},[39,155666,518],{"class":517},[39,155668,48670],{"class":521},[39,155670,524],{"class":517},[39,155672,527],{"class":49},[39,155674,155675],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,155676,46633],{"class":57},[20,155678,155679,155680,4104,155683,117],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[195,155681,155682],{"href":147593},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[195,155684,148894],{"href":148893},[988,155686,155688],{"id":155687},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[30,155690,155692],{"className":32,"code":155691,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155693,155694,155738],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155695,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155697,59192],{"class":45},[39,155699,50],{"class":49},[39,155701,933],{"class":53},[39,155703,562],{"class":517},[39,155705,3789],{"class":521},[39,155707,562],{"class":517},[39,155709,61],{"class":53},[39,155711,3327],{"class":53},[39,155713,58],{"class":57},[39,155715,61],{"class":53},[39,155717,64],{"class":57},[39,155719,930],{"class":53},[39,155721,933],{"class":53},[39,155723,562],{"class":517},[39,155725,1880],{"class":521},[39,155727,562],{"class":517},[39,155729,61],{"class":53},[39,155731,572],{"class":517},[39,155733,11457],{"class":521},[39,155735,562],{"class":517},[39,155737,486],{"class":53},[39,155739,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155741,137],{"class":136},[39,155743,124],{"class":53},[39,155745,1361],{"class":136},[39,155747,124],{"class":53},[39,155749,59245],{"class":120},[39,155751,486],{"class":53},[20,155753,155754],{},[382,155755,353],{},[30,155757,155758],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155759,155760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155761,155762],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155763,46333],{"class":57},[20,155765,155766,155768],{},[15,155767,42076],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[160,155770,155772],{"id":155771},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[988,155774,155776,155778],{"id":155775},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155777,42076],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[30,155780,155782],{"className":32,"code":155781,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155783,155784,155808],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155785,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155787,3780],{"class":45},[39,155789,50],{"class":49},[39,155791,933],{"class":53},[39,155793,562],{"class":517},[39,155795,63316],{"class":521},[39,155797,562],{"class":517},[39,155799,61],{"class":53},[39,155801,572],{"class":517},[39,155803,34],{"class":521},[39,155805,562],{"class":517},[39,155807,130],{"class":53},[39,155809,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155811,137],{"class":136},[39,155813,124],{"class":53},[39,155815,1361],{"class":136},[39,155817,124],{"class":53},[39,155819,3824],{"class":120},[39,155821,486],{"class":53},[20,155823,155824],{},[382,155825,353],{},[30,155827,155828],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155829,155830],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155831,155832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155833,1553],{"class":57},[20,155835,155836,155837,155839],{},"This result is ",[15,155838,85],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155841,155842],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[30,155844,155846],{"className":32,"code":155845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155847,155848,155872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155849,155850,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155851,3780],{"class":45},[39,155853,50],{"class":49},[39,155855,933],{"class":53},[39,155857,562],{"class":517},[39,155859,63316],{"class":521},[39,155861,562],{"class":517},[39,155863,61],{"class":53},[39,155865,572],{"class":517},[39,155867,34],{"class":521},[39,155869,562],{"class":517},[39,155871,130],{"class":53},[39,155873,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886,155888],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155875,137],{"class":136},[39,155877,124],{"class":53},[39,155879,1361],{"class":136},[39,155881,124],{"class":53},[39,155883,3824],{"class":120},[39,155885,3609],{"class":53},[39,155887,1826],{"class":57},[39,155889,2705],{"class":53},[20,155891,155892],{},[382,155893,353],{},[30,155895,155896],{"className":32,"code":1553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155897,155898],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155899,155900],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155901,1553],{"class":57},[20,155903,20478,155904,155907,155908,117],{},[15,155905,155906],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155909,155910],{},"\"hi\"",[988,155912,155914,155916],{"id":155913},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155915,42076],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[30,155918,155920],{"className":32,"code":155919,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155921,155922,155958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155923,155924,155926,155928,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155925,3529],{"class":45},[39,155927,50],{"class":49},[39,155929,9710],{"class":53},[39,155931,58],{"class":57},[39,155933,61],{"class":53},[39,155935,64],{"class":57},[39,155937,8951],{"class":53},[39,155939,933],{"class":53},[39,155941,307],{"class":57},[39,155943,61],{"class":53},[39,155945,94],{"class":57},[39,155947,8951],{"class":53},[39,155949,933],{"class":53},[39,155951,1843],{"class":57},[39,155953,61],{"class":53},[39,155955,806],{"class":57},[39,155957,486],{"class":53},[39,155959,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,155961,137],{"class":136},[39,155963,124],{"class":53},[39,155965,1361],{"class":136},[39,155967,124],{"class":53},[39,155969,5070],{"class":120},[39,155971,486],{"class":53},[20,155973,155974],{},[382,155975,353],{},[30,155977,155978],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155979,155980],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155981,155982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155983,46333],{"class":57},[20,155985,155986],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[988,155988,155990],{"id":155989},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155992,25398],{},[30,155994,155996],{"className":32,"code":155995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155997,155998,156010],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155999,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156001,2154],{"class":45},[39,156003,50],{"class":49},[39,156005,933],{"class":53},[39,156007,2037],{"class":57},[39,156009,130],{"class":53},[39,156011,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020,156022],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156013,137],{"class":136},[39,156015,124],{"class":53},[39,156017,479],{"class":478},[39,156019,124],{"class":53},[39,156021,2179],{"class":120},[39,156023,486],{"class":53},[20,156025,156026],{},[382,156027,353],{},[30,156029,156031],{"className":32,"code":156030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156032,156033],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156036,510],{"class":49},[39,156038,514],{"class":513},[39,156040,518],{"class":517},[39,156042,1895],{"class":521},[39,156044,524],{"class":517},[39,156046,527],{"class":49},[20,156048,156049],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[30,156051,156053],{"className":32,"code":156052,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156054,156055,156067,156081],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156056,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156058,2154],{"class":45},[39,156060,50],{"class":49},[39,156062,933],{"class":53},[39,156064,2037],{"class":57},[39,156066,148946],{"class":53},[39,156068,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156070,137],{"class":136},[39,156072,124],{"class":53},[39,156074,479],{"class":478},[39,156076,124],{"class":53},[39,156078,2179],{"class":120},[39,156080,486],{"class":53},[39,156082,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156084,137],{"class":136},[39,156086,124],{"class":53},[39,156088,1361],{"class":136},[39,156090,124],{"class":53},[39,156092,2179],{"class":120},[39,156094,486],{"class":53},[20,156096,156097],{},[382,156098,353],{},[30,156100,156102],{"className":32,"code":156101,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156103,156104,156118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156107,510],{"class":49},[39,156109,514],{"class":513},[39,156111,518],{"class":517},[39,156113,48670],{"class":521},[39,156115,524],{"class":517},[39,156117,527],{"class":49},[39,156119,156120],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156121,46633],{"class":57},[988,156123,156125,156127],{"id":156124},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156126,1361],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156129,44144,156130,156132],{},[15,156131,1361],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156134,44175],{},[30,156136,156138],{"className":32,"code":156137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156139,156140,156148,156168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156141,156142,156144,156146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156143,1361],{"class":136},[39,156145,12985],{"class":49},[39,156147,2293],{"class":57},[39,156149,156150,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156151,1379],{"class":45},[39,156153,50],{"class":49},[39,156155,933],{"class":53},[39,156157,58],{"class":57},[39,156159,61],{"class":53},[39,156161,64],{"class":57},[39,156163,61],{"class":53},[39,156165,69],{"class":57},[39,156167,130],{"class":53},[39,156169,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156171,137],{"class":136},[39,156173,124],{"class":53},[39,156175,1361],{"class":136},[39,156177,124],{"class":53},[39,156179,1457],{"class":120},[39,156181,486],{"class":53},[20,156183,39367,156184,156186],{},[15,156185,1361],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156188,156189],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[30,156191,156193],{"className":32,"code":156192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156194,156195,156204,156224],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156196,156197,156200,156202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156198,156199],{"class":45},"length_value ",[39,156201,50],{"class":49},[39,156203,2293],{"class":57},[39,156205,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156207,1379],{"class":45},[39,156209,50],{"class":49},[39,156211,933],{"class":53},[39,156213,58],{"class":57},[39,156215,61],{"class":53},[39,156217,64],{"class":57},[39,156219,61],{"class":53},[39,156221,69],{"class":57},[39,156223,130],{"class":53},[39,156225,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156227,137],{"class":136},[39,156229,124],{"class":53},[39,156231,1361],{"class":136},[39,156233,124],{"class":53},[39,156235,1457],{"class":120},[39,156237,486],{"class":53},[20,156239,156240],{},[382,156241,353],{},[30,156243,156244],{"className":32,"code":46333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,156245,156246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156247,156248],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156249,46333],{"class":57},[160,156251,156253],{"id":156252},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156255,156256,156258],{},[15,156257,42076],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[988,156260,156262],{"id":156261},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[30,156264,156266],{"className":32,"code":156265,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156267,156268,156276,156280,156298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156269,156270,156272,156274],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156271,7494],{"class":45},[39,156273,50],{"class":49},[39,156275,148932],{"class":53},[39,156277,156278],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156279,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156283,6710],{"class":3584},[39,156285,38099],{"class":136},[39,156287,124],{"class":53},[39,156289,7525],{"class":120},[39,156291,3366],{"class":53},[39,156293,6122],{"class":49},[39,156295,3540],{"class":57},[39,156297,6107],{"class":53},[39,156299,156300,156302,156304,156306,156309,156311],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156301,7785],{"class":136},[39,156303,124],{"class":53},[39,156305,562],{"class":517},[39,156307,156308],{"class":521},"The tuple is empty",[39,156310,562],{"class":517},[39,156312,130],{"class":53},[20,156314,156315],{},[382,156316,353],{},[30,156318,156320],{"className":32,"code":156319,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156321,156322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156323,156324,156326,156328,156330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156325,22],{"class":45},[39,156327,48670],{"class":478},[39,156329,7813],{"class":49},[39,156331,7819],{"class":45},[988,156333,156335],{"id":156334},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[30,156337,156339],{"className":32,"code":156338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156340,156341,156357,156361,156379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156342,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156344,51103],{"class":45},[39,156346,50],{"class":49},[39,156348,933],{"class":53},[39,156350,2212],{"class":57},[39,156352,61],{"class":53},[39,156354,5707],{"class":57},[39,156356,130],{"class":53},[39,156358,156359],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156360,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,156362,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156364,6710],{"class":3584},[39,156366,38099],{"class":136},[39,156368,124],{"class":53},[39,156370,51128],{"class":120},[39,156372,3366],{"class":53},[39,156374,6122],{"class":49},[39,156376,64],{"class":57},[39,156378,6107],{"class":53},[39,156380,156381,156383,156385,156387,156390,156392],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156382,7785],{"class":136},[39,156384,124],{"class":53},[39,156386,562],{"class":517},[39,156388,156389],{"class":521},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[39,156391,562],{"class":517},[39,156393,130],{"class":53},[20,156395,156396],{},[382,156397,353],{},[30,156399,156401],{"className":32,"code":156400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156402,156403],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156404,156405,156408,156410],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156406,156407],{"class":45},"This looks like an x",[39,156409,61],{"class":53},[39,156411,156412],{"class":45}," y coordinate\n",[988,156414,156416],{"id":156415},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[30,156418,156420],{"className":32,"code":156419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156421,156422,156451,156455,156473],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156447,156449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156425,11200],{"class":45},[39,156427,50],{"class":49},[39,156429,933],{"class":53},[39,156431,562],{"class":517},[39,156433,12593],{"class":521},[39,156435,562],{"class":517},[39,156437,61],{"class":53},[39,156439,9022],{"class":57},[39,156441,61],{"class":53},[39,156443,572],{"class":517},[39,156445,156446],{"class":521},"Canada",[39,156448,562],{"class":517},[39,156450,130],{"class":53},[39,156452,156453],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156454,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,156456,156457,156459,156461,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156458,6710],{"class":3584},[39,156460,38099],{"class":136},[39,156462,124],{"class":53},[39,156464,11294],{"class":120},[39,156466,3366],{"class":53},[39,156468,6122],{"class":49},[39,156470,69],{"class":57},[39,156472,6107],{"class":53},[39,156474,156475,156477,156479,156481,156484,156486],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156476,7785],{"class":136},[39,156478,124],{"class":53},[39,156480,562],{"class":517},[39,156482,156483],{"class":521},"User record has the expected number of values",[39,156485,562],{"class":517},[39,156487,130],{"class":53},[20,156489,156490],{},[382,156491,353],{},[30,156493,156495],{"className":32,"code":156494,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156496,156497],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156498,156499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156500,156494],{"class":45},[988,156502,156504],{"id":156503},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[30,156506,156508],{"className":32,"code":156507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156509,156510,156542,156546,156566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156511,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156513,35803],{"class":45},[39,156515,50],{"class":49},[39,156517,933],{"class":53},[39,156519,562],{"class":517},[39,156521,195],{"class":521},[39,156523,562],{"class":517},[39,156525,61],{"class":53},[39,156527,572],{"class":517},[39,156529,127],{"class":521},[39,156531,562],{"class":517},[39,156533,61],{"class":53},[39,156535,572],{"class":517},[39,156537,9454],{"class":521},[39,156539,562],{"class":517},[39,156541,130],{"class":53},[39,156543,156544],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156545,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,156547,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156549,5671],{"class":3584},[39,156551,69269],{"class":45},[39,156553,3591],{"class":3584},[39,156555,53789],{"class":136},[39,156557,124],{"class":53},[39,156559,1361],{"class":136},[39,156561,124],{"class":53},[39,156563,35856],{"class":120},[39,156565,69284],{"class":53},[39,156567,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156569,7785],{"class":136},[39,156571,124],{"class":53},[39,156573,35867],{"class":120},[39,156575,61],{"class":53},[39,156577,69817],{"class":120},[39,156579,3609],{"class":53},[39,156581,35867],{"class":120},[39,156583,3597],{"class":53},[20,156585,156586],{},[382,156587,353],{},[30,156589,156590],{"className":32,"code":35879,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,156591,156592,156598,156604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156593,156594,156596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156595,1826],{"class":57},[39,156597,35888],{"class":45},[39,156599,156600,156602],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156601,58],{"class":57},[39,156603,35895],{"class":45},[39,156605,156606,156608],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156607,85],{"class":57},[39,156609,35902],{"class":45},[20,156611,156612,156613,156615,156616,117],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[195,156614,149263],{"href":149262},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[195,156617,150507],{"href":150506},[160,156619,2537],{"id":2536},[20,156621,156622],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[176,156624,156625,156633,156640,156645],{},[179,156626,156627,156628,10806,156631],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156629,156630],{},"(5)",[15,156632,149097],{},[179,156634,718,156635,156637,156638],{},[15,156636,1361],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156639,42076],{},[179,156641,8170,156642,156644],{},[15,156643,42076],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[179,156646,156647],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156649,31791],{},[30,156651,156653],{"className":32,"code":156652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156654,156655,156665,156679,156693],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156658,137],{"class":136},[39,156660,124],{"class":53},[39,156662,147608],{"class":120},[39,156664,130],{"class":53},[39,156666,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156668,137],{"class":136},[39,156670,124],{"class":53},[39,156672,479],{"class":478},[39,156674,124],{"class":53},[39,156676,147608],{"class":120},[39,156678,486],{"class":53},[39,156680,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156682,137],{"class":136},[39,156684,124],{"class":53},[39,156686,1361],{"class":136},[39,156688,124],{"class":53},[39,156690,147608],{"class":120},[39,156692,486],{"class":53},[39,156694,156695,156697,156699,156701],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156696,31861],{"class":136},[39,156698,124],{"class":53},[39,156700,1361],{"class":136},[39,156702,130],{"class":53},[20,156704,154817],{},[176,156706,156707,156710,156713,156717],{},[179,156708,156709],{},"what value you are using",[179,156711,156712],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[179,156714,25727,156715,11417],{},[15,156716,42076],{},[179,156718,122981,156719,156721],{},[15,156720,42076],{}," is documented in Python",[160,156723,1563],{"id":1562},[988,156725,156727],{"id":156726},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156729,154,156730,156733],{},[15,156731,156732],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[988,156735,1567,156737,148767],{"id":156736},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156738,42076],{},[20,156740,46081,156741,156743],{},[15,156742,42076],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[988,156745,156747],{"id":156746},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156749,156750,156751,117],{},"The length is ",[15,156752,1826],{},[988,156754,156756],{"id":156755},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156758,150453,156759,156761],{},[15,156760,150456],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[988,156763,1567,156765,156767],{"id":156764},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156766,42076],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156769,156770],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[160,156772,1613],{"id":1612},[176,156774,156775,156781,156785,156789,156793],{},[179,156776,156777],{},[195,156778,13,156779,3213],{"href":42073},[15,156780,42076],{},[179,156782,156783],{},[195,156784,155682],{"href":147593},[179,156786,156787],{},[195,156788,149263],{"href":149262},[179,156790,156791],{},[195,156792,150507],{"href":150506},[179,156794,156795],{},[195,156796,156797],{"href":148893},"What is a tuple in Python",[1642,156799,156800],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":156802},[156803,156804,156805,156812,156818,156827,156833,156834,156843],{"id":14871,"depth":75,"text":14872},{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":155170,"depth":75,"text":156806,"children":156807},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156808,156809,156810,156811],{"id":155182,"depth":99,"text":155183},{"id":155249,"depth":99,"text":155250},{"id":155294,"depth":99,"text":155295},{"id":155343,"depth":99,"text":155344},{"id":155432,"depth":75,"text":155433,"children":156813},[156814,156815,156816,156817],{"id":155436,"depth":99,"text":155437},{"id":155511,"depth":99,"text":155250},{"id":155553,"depth":99,"text":155554},{"id":155687,"depth":99,"text":155688},{"id":155771,"depth":75,"text":155772,"children":156819},[156820,156822,156824,156825],{"id":155775,"depth":99,"text":156821},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155913,"depth":99,"text":156823},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155989,"depth":99,"text":155990},{"id":156124,"depth":99,"text":156826},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156252,"depth":75,"text":156253,"children":156828},[156829,156830,156831,156832],{"id":156261,"depth":99,"text":156262},{"id":156334,"depth":99,"text":156335},{"id":156415,"depth":99,"text":156416},{"id":156503,"depth":99,"text":156504},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":156835},[156836,156837,156839,156840,156841],{"id":156726,"depth":99,"text":156727},{"id":156736,"depth":99,"text":156838},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156746,"depth":99,"text":156747},{"id":156755,"depth":99,"text":156756},{"id":156764,"depth":99,"text":156842},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154954,"description":156844},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156851,"title":156852,"body":156853,"description":159238,"extension":1670,"meta":159239,"navigation":102,"path":159240,"seo":159241,"stem":159242,"__hash__":159243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156854,"toc":159199},[156855,156858,156861,156864,156887,156893,156895,157006,157010,157013,157023,157025,157124,157126,157203,157209,157213,157216,157239,157242,157259,157262,157264,157327,157329,157346,157357,157362,157364,157367,157373,157424,157426,157446,157450,157501,157503,157524,157528,157583,157585,157606,157610,157665,157667,157688,157692,157745,157747,157776,157778,157780,157783,157787,157844,157846,157867,157871,157924,157926,157951,157956,157960,157965,157983,157986,158049,158051,158072,158075,158136,158138,158159,158162,158205,158208,158212,158217,158221,158300,158302,158333,158337,158412,158414,158441,158445,158492,158494,158502,158507,158511,158514,158529,158531,158619,158621,158646,158649,158692,158701,158703,158706,158721,158724,158728,158782,158784,158804,158809,158813,158815,158853,158856,158906,158910,158983,158985,159022,159025,159027,159030,159050,159053,159122,159124,159137,159139,159143,159146,159150,159153,159158,159161,159167,159172,159174,159196],[10,156856,156852],{"id":156857},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156859,156860],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156862,156863],{},"Use this format:",[30,156865,156867],{"className":32,"code":156866,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156868,156869],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156870,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156872,48670],{"class":45},[39,156874,3609],{"class":53},[39,156876,35785],{"class":45},[39,156878,1250],{"class":53},[39,156880,75147],{"class":45},[39,156882,1250],{"class":53},[39,156884,75150],{"class":45},[39,156886,3340],{"class":53},[20,156888,22,156889,75183,156891,117],{},[15,156890,75147],{},[382,156892,64790],{},[160,156894,1711],{"id":1710},[30,156896,156898],{"className":32,"code":156897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156899,156900,156928,156932,156953,156970,156987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156901,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156903,1379],{"class":45},[39,156905,50],{"class":49},[39,156907,933],{"class":53},[39,156909,2037],{"class":57},[39,156911,61],{"class":53},[39,156913,7505],{"class":57},[39,156915,61],{"class":53},[39,156917,7510],{"class":57},[39,156919,61],{"class":53},[39,156921,50561],{"class":57},[39,156923,61],{"class":53},[39,156925,4791],{"class":57},[39,156927,130],{"class":53},[39,156929,156930],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,156931,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,156933,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,156935,137],{"class":136},[39,156937,124],{"class":53},[39,156939,1457],{"class":120},[39,156941,3609],{"class":53},[39,156943,58],{"class":57},[39,156945,1250],{"class":53},[39,156947,2212],{"class":57},[39,156949,20153],{"class":53},[39,156951,156952],{"class":150},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[39,156954,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,156956,137],{"class":136},[39,156958,124],{"class":53},[39,156960,1457],{"class":120},[39,156962,75256],{"class":53},[39,156964,307],{"class":57},[39,156966,20153],{"class":53},[39,156968,156969],{"class":150},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[39,156971,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,156973,137],{"class":136},[39,156975,124],{"class":53},[39,156977,1457],{"class":120},[39,156979,73843],{"class":53},[39,156981,85],{"class":57},[39,156983,20153],{"class":53},[39,156985,156986],{"class":150},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[39,156988,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001,157003],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,156990,137],{"class":136},[39,156992,124],{"class":53},[39,156994,1457],{"class":120},[39,156996,73843],{"class":53},[39,156998,1730],{"class":49},[39,157000,58],{"class":57},[39,157002,20153],{"class":53},[39,157004,157005],{"class":150},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[160,157007,157009],{"id":157008},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157011,157012],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[176,157014,157015,157017,157020],{},[179,157016,75450],{},[179,157018,157019],{},"The result is a new tuple",[179,157021,157022],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157024,267],{},[30,157026,157028],{"className":32,"code":157027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157029,157030,157078,157082,157100,157104,157114],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157031,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157033,35803],{"class":45},[39,157035,50],{"class":49},[39,157037,933],{"class":53},[39,157039,562],{"class":517},[39,157041,195],{"class":521},[39,157043,562],{"class":517},[39,157045,61],{"class":53},[39,157047,572],{"class":517},[39,157049,127],{"class":521},[39,157051,562],{"class":517},[39,157053,61],{"class":53},[39,157055,572],{"class":517},[39,157057,9454],{"class":521},[39,157059,562],{"class":517},[39,157061,61],{"class":53},[39,157063,572],{"class":517},[39,157065,18474],{"class":521},[39,157067,562],{"class":517},[39,157069,61],{"class":53},[39,157071,572],{"class":517},[39,157073,60167],{"class":521},[39,157075,562],{"class":517},[39,157077,130],{"class":53},[39,157079,157080],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157081,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157083,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157085,75380],{"class":45},[39,157087,50],{"class":49},[39,157089,69817],{"class":45},[39,157091,3609],{"class":53},[39,157093,58],{"class":57},[39,157095,1250],{"class":53},[39,157097,2212],{"class":57},[39,157099,3340],{"class":53},[39,157101,157102],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,157103,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157105,157106,157108,157110,157112],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,157107,137],{"class":136},[39,157109,124],{"class":53},[39,157111,75403],{"class":120},[39,157113,130],{"class":53},[39,157115,157116,157118,157120,157122],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,157117,137],{"class":136},[39,157119,124],{"class":53},[39,157121,35856],{"class":120},[39,157123,130],{"class":53},[20,157125,353],{},[30,157127,157129],{"className":32,"code":157128,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157130,157131,157159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157132,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157134,124],{"class":53},[39,157136,524],{"class":517},[39,157138,127],{"class":521},[39,157140,524],{"class":517},[39,157142,61],{"class":53},[39,157144,518],{"class":517},[39,157146,9454],{"class":521},[39,157148,524],{"class":517},[39,157150,61],{"class":53},[39,157152,518],{"class":517},[39,157154,18474],{"class":521},[39,157156,524],{"class":517},[39,157158,130],{"class":53},[39,157160,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157162,124],{"class":53},[39,157164,524],{"class":517},[39,157166,195],{"class":521},[39,157168,524],{"class":517},[39,157170,61],{"class":53},[39,157172,518],{"class":517},[39,157174,127],{"class":521},[39,157176,524],{"class":517},[39,157178,61],{"class":53},[39,157180,518],{"class":517},[39,157182,9454],{"class":521},[39,157184,524],{"class":517},[39,157186,61],{"class":53},[39,157188,518],{"class":517},[39,157190,18474],{"class":521},[39,157192,524],{"class":517},[39,157194,61],{"class":53},[39,157196,518],{"class":517},[39,157198,60167],{"class":521},[39,157200,524],{"class":517},[39,157202,130],{"class":53},[20,157204,157205,157206,117],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,157207,147590],{"href":157208},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[160,157210,157212],{"id":157211},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157214,157215],{},"The full syntax is:",[30,157217,157219],{"className":32,"code":157218,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157220,157221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157222,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157224,147608],{"class":45},[39,157226,3609],{"class":53},[39,157228,35785],{"class":45},[39,157230,1250],{"class":53},[39,157232,75147],{"class":45},[39,157234,1250],{"class":53},[39,157236,75150],{"class":45},[39,157238,3340],{"class":53},[20,157240,157241],{},"Each part has a job:",[176,157243,157244,157249,157254],{},[179,157245,157246,157248],{},[15,157247,35785],{},": where slicing begins",[179,157250,157251,157253],{},[15,157252,75147],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[179,157255,157256,157258],{},[15,157257,75150],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157260,157261],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157263,267],{},[30,157265,157267],{"className":32,"code":157266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157268,157269,157301,157305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157270,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157272,1379],{"class":45},[39,157274,50],{"class":49},[39,157276,933],{"class":53},[39,157278,2037],{"class":57},[39,157280,61],{"class":53},[39,157282,7505],{"class":57},[39,157284,61],{"class":53},[39,157286,7510],{"class":57},[39,157288,61],{"class":53},[39,157290,50561],{"class":57},[39,157292,61],{"class":53},[39,157294,4791],{"class":57},[39,157296,61],{"class":53},[39,157298,75821],{"class":57},[39,157300,130],{"class":53},[39,157302,157303],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157304,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157308,137],{"class":136},[39,157310,124],{"class":53},[39,157312,1457],{"class":120},[39,157314,3609],{"class":53},[39,157316,58],{"class":57},[39,157318,1250],{"class":53},[39,157320,1843],{"class":57},[39,157322,1250],{"class":53},[39,157324,85],{"class":57},[39,157326,3597],{"class":53},[20,157328,353],{},[30,157330,157332],{"className":32,"code":157331,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157333,157334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157337,124],{"class":53},[39,157339,15463],{"class":57},[39,157341,61],{"class":53},[39,157343,50561],{"class":57},[39,157345,130],{"class":53},[20,157347,157348,157349,157351,157352,157354,157355,117],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157350,58],{},", stops before index ",[15,157353,1843],{},", and moves by ",[15,157356,85],{},[20,157358,157359,157360,117],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[195,157361,149263],{"href":152689},[160,157363,75737],{"id":75736},[20,157365,157366],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[988,157368,157370,157371,5679],{"id":157369},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157372,75751],{},[30,157374,157376],{"className":32,"code":157375,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157377,157378,157406,157410],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157379,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157381,1379],{"class":45},[39,157383,50],{"class":49},[39,157385,933],{"class":53},[39,157387,2037],{"class":57},[39,157389,61],{"class":53},[39,157391,7505],{"class":57},[39,157393,61],{"class":53},[39,157395,7510],{"class":57},[39,157397,61],{"class":53},[39,157399,50561],{"class":57},[39,157401,61],{"class":53},[39,157403,4791],{"class":57},[39,157405,130],{"class":53},[39,157407,157408],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157409,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157411,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157413,137],{"class":136},[39,157415,124],{"class":53},[39,157417,1457],{"class":120},[39,157419,75256],{"class":53},[39,157421,307],{"class":57},[39,157423,3597],{"class":53},[20,157425,353],{},[30,157427,157428],{"className":32,"code":150955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,157429,157430],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157433,124],{"class":53},[39,157435,2037],{"class":57},[39,157437,61],{"class":53},[39,157439,7505],{"class":57},[39,157441,61],{"class":53},[39,157443,7510],{"class":57},[39,157445,130],{"class":53},[988,157447,157449],{"id":157448},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[30,157451,157453],{"className":32,"code":157452,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157454,157455,157483,157487],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157456,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157458,1379],{"class":45},[39,157460,50],{"class":49},[39,157462,933],{"class":53},[39,157464,2037],{"class":57},[39,157466,61],{"class":53},[39,157468,7505],{"class":57},[39,157470,61],{"class":53},[39,157472,7510],{"class":57},[39,157474,61],{"class":53},[39,157476,50561],{"class":57},[39,157478,61],{"class":53},[39,157480,4791],{"class":57},[39,157482,130],{"class":53},[39,157484,157485],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157486,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157490,137],{"class":136},[39,157492,124],{"class":53},[39,157494,1457],{"class":120},[39,157496,3609],{"class":53},[39,157498,85],{"class":57},[39,157500,77437],{"class":53},[20,157502,353],{},[30,157504,157506],{"className":32,"code":157505,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157507,157508],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157509,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157511,124],{"class":53},[39,157513,36555],{"class":57},[39,157515,61],{"class":53},[39,157517,50561],{"class":57},[39,157519,61],{"class":53},[39,157521,4791],{"class":57},[39,157523,130],{"class":53},[988,157525,157527],{"id":157526},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[30,157529,157531],{"className":32,"code":157530,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157532,157533,157561,157565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157534,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157536,1379],{"class":45},[39,157538,50],{"class":49},[39,157540,933],{"class":53},[39,157542,2037],{"class":57},[39,157544,61],{"class":53},[39,157546,7505],{"class":57},[39,157548,61],{"class":53},[39,157550,7510],{"class":57},[39,157552,61],{"class":53},[39,157554,50561],{"class":57},[39,157556,61],{"class":53},[39,157558,4791],{"class":57},[39,157560,130],{"class":53},[39,157562,157563],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157564,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157566,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157568,137],{"class":136},[39,157570,124],{"class":53},[39,157572,1457],{"class":120},[39,157574,3609],{"class":53},[39,157576,58],{"class":57},[39,157578,1250],{"class":53},[39,157580,2212],{"class":57},[39,157582,3597],{"class":53},[20,157584,353],{},[30,157586,157588],{"className":32,"code":157587,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157589,157590],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157591,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157593,124],{"class":53},[39,157595,15463],{"class":57},[39,157597,61],{"class":53},[39,157599,7510],{"class":57},[39,157601,61],{"class":53},[39,157603,50561],{"class":57},[39,157605,130],{"class":53},[988,157607,157609],{"id":157608},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[30,157611,157613],{"className":32,"code":157612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157614,157615,157647,157651],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157618,1379],{"class":45},[39,157620,50],{"class":49},[39,157622,933],{"class":53},[39,157624,2037],{"class":57},[39,157626,61],{"class":53},[39,157628,7505],{"class":57},[39,157630,61],{"class":53},[39,157632,7510],{"class":57},[39,157634,61],{"class":53},[39,157636,50561],{"class":57},[39,157638,61],{"class":53},[39,157640,4791],{"class":57},[39,157642,61],{"class":53},[39,157644,75821],{"class":57},[39,157646,130],{"class":53},[39,157648,157649],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157650,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157652,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157654,137],{"class":136},[39,157656,124],{"class":53},[39,157658,1457],{"class":120},[39,157660,73843],{"class":53},[39,157662,85],{"class":57},[39,157664,3597],{"class":53},[20,157666,353],{},[30,157668,157670],{"className":32,"code":157669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157671,157672],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157673,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157675,124],{"class":53},[39,157677,2037],{"class":57},[39,157679,61],{"class":53},[39,157681,7510],{"class":57},[39,157683,61],{"class":53},[39,157685,4791],{"class":57},[39,157687,130],{"class":53},[988,157689,157691],{"id":157690},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[30,157693,157695],{"className":32,"code":157694,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157696,157697,157725,157729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157698,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157700,1379],{"class":45},[39,157702,50],{"class":49},[39,157704,933],{"class":53},[39,157706,2037],{"class":57},[39,157708,61],{"class":53},[39,157710,7505],{"class":57},[39,157712,61],{"class":53},[39,157714,7510],{"class":57},[39,157716,61],{"class":53},[39,157718,50561],{"class":57},[39,157720,61],{"class":53},[39,157722,4791],{"class":57},[39,157724,130],{"class":53},[39,157726,157727],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157728,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157730,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157732,137],{"class":136},[39,157734,124],{"class":53},[39,157736,1457],{"class":120},[39,157738,73843],{"class":53},[39,157740,1730],{"class":49},[39,157742,58],{"class":57},[39,157744,3597],{"class":53},[20,157746,353],{},[30,157748,157750],{"className":32,"code":157749,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157751,157752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157753,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157755,124],{"class":53},[39,157757,76515],{"class":57},[39,157759,61],{"class":53},[39,157761,50561],{"class":57},[39,157763,61],{"class":53},[39,157765,7510],{"class":57},[39,157767,61],{"class":53},[39,157769,7505],{"class":57},[39,157771,61],{"class":53},[39,157773,5718],{"class":57},[39,157775,130],{"class":53},[160,157777,76031],{"id":76030},[20,157779,153962],{},[20,157781,157782],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[988,157784,157786],{"id":157785},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[30,157788,157790],{"className":32,"code":157789,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157791,157792,157824,157828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157793,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157795,1379],{"class":45},[39,157797,50],{"class":49},[39,157799,933],{"class":53},[39,157801,2037],{"class":57},[39,157803,61],{"class":53},[39,157805,7505],{"class":57},[39,157807,61],{"class":53},[39,157809,7510],{"class":57},[39,157811,61],{"class":53},[39,157813,50561],{"class":57},[39,157815,61],{"class":53},[39,157817,4791],{"class":57},[39,157819,61],{"class":53},[39,157821,75821],{"class":57},[39,157823,130],{"class":53},[39,157825,157826],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157827,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157829,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157831,137],{"class":136},[39,157833,124],{"class":53},[39,157835,1457],{"class":120},[39,157837,3609],{"class":53},[39,157839,1730],{"class":49},[39,157841,307],{"class":57},[39,157843,77437],{"class":53},[20,157845,353],{},[30,157847,157849],{"className":32,"code":157848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157850,157851],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157852,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157854,124],{"class":53},[39,157856,56412],{"class":57},[39,157858,61],{"class":53},[39,157860,4791],{"class":57},[39,157862,61],{"class":53},[39,157864,75821],{"class":57},[39,157866,130],{"class":53},[988,157868,157870],{"id":157869},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[30,157872,157874],{"className":32,"code":157873,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157875,157876,157904,157908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157877,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157879,1379],{"class":45},[39,157881,50],{"class":49},[39,157883,933],{"class":53},[39,157885,2037],{"class":57},[39,157887,61],{"class":53},[39,157889,7505],{"class":57},[39,157891,61],{"class":53},[39,157893,7510],{"class":57},[39,157895,61],{"class":53},[39,157897,50561],{"class":57},[39,157899,61],{"class":53},[39,157901,4791],{"class":57},[39,157903,130],{"class":53},[39,157905,157906],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,157907,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,157909,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,157911,137],{"class":136},[39,157913,124],{"class":53},[39,157915,1457],{"class":120},[39,157917,75256],{"class":53},[39,157919,1730],{"class":49},[39,157921,58],{"class":57},[39,157923,3597],{"class":53},[20,157925,353],{},[30,157927,157929],{"className":32,"code":157928,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157930,157931],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157934,124],{"class":53},[39,157936,2037],{"class":57},[39,157938,61],{"class":53},[39,157940,7505],{"class":57},[39,157942,61],{"class":53},[39,157944,7510],{"class":57},[39,157946,61],{"class":53},[39,157948,50561],{"class":57},[39,157950,130],{"class":53},[20,157952,157953,157954,117],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[195,157955,150512],{"href":156846},[160,157957,157959],{"id":157958},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157961,22,157962,157964],{},[15,157963,75150],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[176,157966,157967,157969,157971,157977],{},[179,157968,76287],{},[179,157970,76290],{},[179,157972,157973,157976],{},[15,157974,157975],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[179,157978,157979,157980,157982],{},"A step of ",[15,157981,1826],{}," is not allowed",[20,157984,157985],{},"Example with a positive step:",[30,157987,157989],{"className":32,"code":157988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157990,157991,158023,158027],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157992,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157994,1379],{"class":45},[39,157996,50],{"class":49},[39,157998,933],{"class":53},[39,158000,2037],{"class":57},[39,158002,61],{"class":53},[39,158004,7505],{"class":57},[39,158006,61],{"class":53},[39,158008,7510],{"class":57},[39,158010,61],{"class":53},[39,158012,50561],{"class":57},[39,158014,61],{"class":53},[39,158016,4791],{"class":57},[39,158018,61],{"class":53},[39,158020,75821],{"class":57},[39,158022,130],{"class":53},[39,158024,158025],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158026,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158028,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158030,137],{"class":136},[39,158032,124],{"class":53},[39,158034,1457],{"class":120},[39,158036,3609],{"class":53},[39,158038,58],{"class":57},[39,158040,1250],{"class":53},[39,158042,80315],{"class":57},[39,158044,1250],{"class":53},[39,158046,85],{"class":57},[39,158048,3597],{"class":53},[20,158050,353],{},[30,158052,158054],{"className":32,"code":158053,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158055,158056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158057,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158059,124],{"class":53},[39,158061,15463],{"class":57},[39,158063,61],{"class":53},[39,158065,50561],{"class":57},[39,158067,61],{"class":53},[39,158069,75821],{"class":57},[39,158071,130],{"class":53},[20,158073,158074],{},"Example with a negative step:",[30,158076,158078],{"className":32,"code":158077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158079,158080,158108,158112],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158081,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158083,1379],{"class":45},[39,158085,50],{"class":49},[39,158087,933],{"class":53},[39,158089,2037],{"class":57},[39,158091,61],{"class":53},[39,158093,7505],{"class":57},[39,158095,61],{"class":53},[39,158097,7510],{"class":57},[39,158099,61],{"class":53},[39,158101,50561],{"class":57},[39,158103,61],{"class":53},[39,158105,4791],{"class":57},[39,158107,130],{"class":53},[39,158109,158110],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158111,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158113,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158115,137],{"class":136},[39,158117,124],{"class":53},[39,158119,1457],{"class":120},[39,158121,3609],{"class":53},[39,158123,2212],{"class":57},[39,158125,1250],{"class":53},[39,158127,58],{"class":57},[39,158129,1250],{"class":53},[39,158131,1730],{"class":49},[39,158133,58],{"class":57},[39,158135,3597],{"class":53},[20,158137,353],{},[30,158139,158141],{"className":32,"code":158140,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158142,158143],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158144,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158146,124],{"class":53},[39,158148,76515],{"class":57},[39,158150,61],{"class":53},[39,158152,50561],{"class":57},[39,158154,61],{"class":53},[39,158156,7510],{"class":57},[39,158158,130],{"class":53},[20,158160,158161],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[30,158163,158165],{"className":32,"code":158164,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158166,158167,158187,158191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158170,1379],{"class":45},[39,158172,50],{"class":49},[39,158174,933],{"class":53},[39,158176,2037],{"class":57},[39,158178,61],{"class":53},[39,158180,7505],{"class":57},[39,158182,61],{"class":53},[39,158184,7510],{"class":57},[39,158186,130],{"class":53},[39,158188,158189],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158190,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158192,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158194,137],{"class":136},[39,158196,124],{"class":53},[39,158198,1457],{"class":120},[39,158200,73843],{"class":53},[39,158202,1826],{"class":57},[39,158204,3597],{"class":53},[20,158206,158207],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[160,158209,158211],{"id":158210},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158213,158214,158215,33451],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[382,158216,48670],{},[988,158218,158220],{"id":158219},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[30,158222,158224],{"className":32,"code":158223,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158225,158226,158250,158254,158272,158276,158286],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158227,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158229,1379],{"class":45},[39,158231,50],{"class":49},[39,158233,933],{"class":53},[39,158235,2037],{"class":57},[39,158237,61],{"class":53},[39,158239,7505],{"class":57},[39,158241,61],{"class":53},[39,158243,7510],{"class":57},[39,158245,61],{"class":53},[39,158247,50561],{"class":57},[39,158249,130],{"class":53},[39,158251,158252],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158253,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158255,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158257,109],{"class":45},[39,158259,50],{"class":49},[39,158261,1433],{"class":45},[39,158263,3609],{"class":53},[39,158265,58],{"class":57},[39,158267,1250],{"class":53},[39,158269,307],{"class":57},[39,158271,3340],{"class":53},[39,158273,158274],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,158275,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158277,158278,158280,158282,158284],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,158279,137],{"class":136},[39,158281,124],{"class":53},[39,158283,142],{"class":120},[39,158285,130],{"class":53},[39,158287,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,158289,137],{"class":136},[39,158291,124],{"class":53},[39,158293,479],{"class":478},[39,158295,124],{"class":53},[39,158297,142],{"class":120},[39,158299,486],{"class":53},[20,158301,353],{},[30,158303,158305],{"className":32,"code":158304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158306,158307,158319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158308,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158310,124],{"class":53},[39,158312,15463],{"class":57},[39,158314,61],{"class":53},[39,158316,7510],{"class":57},[39,158318,130],{"class":53},[39,158320,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158322,510],{"class":49},[39,158324,514],{"class":513},[39,158326,518],{"class":517},[39,158328,48670],{"class":521},[39,158330,524],{"class":517},[39,158332,527],{"class":49},[988,158334,158336],{"id":158335},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[30,158338,158340],{"className":32,"code":158339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158341,158342,158362,158366,158384,158388,158398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158343,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158345,1379],{"class":45},[39,158347,50],{"class":49},[39,158349,933],{"class":53},[39,158351,2037],{"class":57},[39,158353,61],{"class":53},[39,158355,7505],{"class":57},[39,158357,61],{"class":53},[39,158359,7510],{"class":57},[39,158361,130],{"class":53},[39,158363,158364],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158365,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158367,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158369,109],{"class":45},[39,158371,50],{"class":49},[39,158373,1433],{"class":45},[39,158375,3609],{"class":53},[39,158377,58],{"class":57},[39,158379,1250],{"class":53},[39,158381,85],{"class":57},[39,158383,3340],{"class":53},[39,158385,158386],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,158387,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158389,158390,158392,158394,158396],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,158391,137],{"class":136},[39,158393,124],{"class":53},[39,158395,142],{"class":120},[39,158397,130],{"class":53},[39,158399,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,158401,137],{"class":136},[39,158403,124],{"class":53},[39,158405,479],{"class":478},[39,158407,124],{"class":53},[39,158409,142],{"class":120},[39,158411,486],{"class":53},[20,158413,353],{},[30,158415,158417],{"className":32,"code":158416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158418,158419,158427],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158420,158421,158423,158425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158422,124],{"class":53},[39,158424,15463],{"class":57},[39,158426,148946],{"class":53},[39,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158430,510],{"class":49},[39,158432,514],{"class":513},[39,158434,518],{"class":517},[39,158436,48670],{"class":521},[39,158438,524],{"class":517},[39,158440,527],{"class":49},[988,158442,158444],{"id":158443},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[30,158446,158448],{"className":32,"code":158447,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158449,158450,158470,158474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158451,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158453,1379],{"class":45},[39,158455,50],{"class":49},[39,158457,933],{"class":53},[39,158459,2037],{"class":57},[39,158461,61],{"class":53},[39,158463,7505],{"class":57},[39,158465,61],{"class":53},[39,158467,7510],{"class":57},[39,158469,130],{"class":53},[39,158471,158472],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158473,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158475,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158477,137],{"class":136},[39,158479,124],{"class":53},[39,158481,1457],{"class":120},[39,158483,3609],{"class":53},[39,158485,1843],{"class":57},[39,158487,1250],{"class":53},[39,158489,2052],{"class":57},[39,158491,3597],{"class":53},[20,158493,353],{},[30,158495,158496],{"className":32,"code":1609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158497,158498],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158499,158500],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158501,1609],{"class":53},[20,158503,158504,158505,117],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[195,158506,155682],{"href":150569},[160,158508,158510],{"id":158509},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158512,158513],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,158515,158516,158518,158521,158526],{},[179,158517,76596],{},[179,158519,158520],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[179,158522,158523,158524],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158525,70452],{},[179,158527,158528],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158530,267],{},[30,158532,158534],{"className":32,"code":158533,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158535,158536,158556,158560,158577,158598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158537,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158539,1379],{"class":45},[39,158541,50],{"class":49},[39,158543,933],{"class":53},[39,158545,2037],{"class":57},[39,158547,61],{"class":53},[39,158549,7505],{"class":57},[39,158551,61],{"class":53},[39,158553,7510],{"class":57},[39,158555,130],{"class":53},[39,158557,158558],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158559,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158561,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158563,137],{"class":136},[39,158565,124],{"class":53},[39,158567,1457],{"class":120},[39,158569,3609],{"class":53},[39,158571,58],{"class":57},[39,158573,20153],{"class":53},[39,158575,158576],{"class":150},"    # one item\n",[39,158578,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,158580,137],{"class":136},[39,158582,124],{"class":53},[39,158584,1457],{"class":120},[39,158586,3609],{"class":53},[39,158588,58],{"class":57},[39,158590,1250],{"class":53},[39,158592,1843],{"class":57},[39,158594,20153],{"class":53},[39,158596,158597],{"class":150},"  # slice\n",[39,158599,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,158601,137],{"class":136},[39,158603,124],{"class":53},[39,158605,1457],{"class":120},[39,158607,3609],{"class":53},[39,158609,1843],{"class":57},[39,158611,1250],{"class":53},[39,158613,2052],{"class":57},[39,158615,20153],{"class":53},[39,158617,158618],{"class":150},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158620,353],{},[30,158622,158624],{"className":32,"code":158623,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158625,158626,158630,158642],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158627,158628],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158629,70945],{"class":57},[39,158631,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158633,124],{"class":53},[39,158635,15463],{"class":57},[39,158637,61],{"class":53},[39,158639,7510],{"class":57},[39,158641,130],{"class":53},[39,158643,158644],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158645,1609],{"class":53},[20,158647,158648],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[30,158650,158652],{"className":32,"code":158651,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158653,158654,158674,158678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158655,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158657,1379],{"class":45},[39,158659,50],{"class":49},[39,158661,933],{"class":53},[39,158663,2037],{"class":57},[39,158665,61],{"class":53},[39,158667,7505],{"class":57},[39,158669,61],{"class":53},[39,158671,7510],{"class":57},[39,158673,130],{"class":53},[39,158675,158676],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158677,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158679,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158681,137],{"class":136},[39,158683,124],{"class":53},[39,158685,1457],{"class":120},[39,158687,3609],{"class":53},[39,158689,1843],{"class":57},[39,158691,3597],{"class":53},[20,158693,158694,158695,158697,158698,117],{},"This raises an ",[15,158696,70452],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[195,158699,154435],{"href":158700},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[160,158702,14886],{"id":76863},[20,158704,158705],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[176,158707,158708,158711,158713,158716],{},[179,158709,158710],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[179,158712,60412],{},[179,158714,158715],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[179,158717,158718,158719],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158720,1826],{},[20,158722,158723],{},"Here are a few examples.",[988,158725,158727],{"id":158726},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[30,158729,158730],{"className":32,"code":157530,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158731,158732,158760,158764],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158733,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158735,1379],{"class":45},[39,158737,50],{"class":49},[39,158739,933],{"class":53},[39,158741,2037],{"class":57},[39,158743,61],{"class":53},[39,158745,7505],{"class":57},[39,158747,61],{"class":53},[39,158749,7510],{"class":57},[39,158751,61],{"class":53},[39,158753,50561],{"class":57},[39,158755,61],{"class":53},[39,158757,4791],{"class":57},[39,158759,130],{"class":53},[39,158761,158762],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158763,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158765,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158767,137],{"class":136},[39,158769,124],{"class":53},[39,158771,1457],{"class":120},[39,158773,3609],{"class":53},[39,158775,58],{"class":57},[39,158777,1250],{"class":53},[39,158779,2212],{"class":57},[39,158781,3597],{"class":53},[20,158783,353],{},[30,158785,158786],{"className":32,"code":157587,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158787,158788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158789,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158791,124],{"class":53},[39,158793,15463],{"class":57},[39,158795,61],{"class":53},[39,158797,7510],{"class":57},[39,158799,61],{"class":53},[39,158801,50561],{"class":57},[39,158803,130],{"class":53},[20,158805,132014,158806,158808],{},[15,158807,2212],{}," is not included.",[988,158810,158812],{"id":158811},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158814,4235],{},[30,158816,158818],{"className":32,"code":158817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158819,158820,158844,158848],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158821,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158823,1379],{"class":45},[39,158825,50],{"class":49},[39,158827,933],{"class":53},[39,158829,2037],{"class":57},[39,158831,61],{"class":53},[39,158833,7505],{"class":57},[39,158835,61],{"class":53},[39,158837,7510],{"class":57},[39,158839,61],{"class":53},[39,158841,50561],{"class":57},[39,158843,130],{"class":53},[39,158845,158846],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158847,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158849,158850],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158851,158852],{"class":150},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158854,158855],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[30,158857,158858],{"className":32,"code":154515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158859,158860,158884,158888],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158861,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158863,1379],{"class":45},[39,158865,50],{"class":49},[39,158867,933],{"class":53},[39,158869,2037],{"class":57},[39,158871,61],{"class":53},[39,158873,7505],{"class":57},[39,158875,61],{"class":53},[39,158877,7510],{"class":57},[39,158879,61],{"class":53},[39,158881,50561],{"class":57},[39,158883,130],{"class":53},[39,158885,158886],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158887,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158889,158890,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158891,137],{"class":136},[39,158893,124],{"class":53},[39,158895,1457],{"class":120},[39,158897,3609],{"class":53},[39,158899,58],{"class":57},[39,158901,1250],{"class":53},[39,158903,307],{"class":57},[39,158905,3597],{"class":53},[988,158907,158909],{"id":158908},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[30,158911,158913],{"className":32,"code":158912,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158914,158915,158939,158943,158958,158962,158973],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158916,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158918,1379],{"class":45},[39,158920,50],{"class":49},[39,158922,933],{"class":53},[39,158924,2037],{"class":57},[39,158926,61],{"class":53},[39,158928,7505],{"class":57},[39,158930,61],{"class":53},[39,158932,7510],{"class":57},[39,158934,61],{"class":53},[39,158936,50561],{"class":57},[39,158938,130],{"class":53},[39,158940,158941],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,158942,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158944,158945,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,158946,158947],{"class":45},"slice_result ",[39,158949,50],{"class":49},[39,158951,1433],{"class":45},[39,158953,75256],{"class":53},[39,158955,85],{"class":57},[39,158957,3340],{"class":53},[39,158959,158960],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,158961,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,158963,158964,158966,158968,158971],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,158965,137],{"class":136},[39,158967,124],{"class":53},[39,158969,158970],{"class":120},"slice_result",[39,158972,130],{"class":53},[39,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,158976,137],{"class":136},[39,158978,124],{"class":53},[39,158980,1457],{"class":120},[39,158982,130],{"class":53},[20,158984,353],{},[30,158986,158988],{"className":32,"code":158987,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158989,158990,159002],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158991,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158993,124],{"class":53},[39,158995,2037],{"class":57},[39,158997,61],{"class":53},[39,158999,7505],{"class":57},[39,159001,130],{"class":53},[39,159003,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159005,124],{"class":53},[39,159007,2037],{"class":57},[39,159009,61],{"class":53},[39,159011,7505],{"class":57},[39,159013,61],{"class":53},[39,159015,7510],{"class":57},[39,159017,61],{"class":53},[39,159019,50561],{"class":57},[39,159021,130],{"class":53},[20,159023,159024],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[160,159026,113328],{"id":113327},[20,159028,159029],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[176,159031,159032,159035,159038,159044,159047],{},[179,159033,159034],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[179,159036,159037],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[179,159039,159040,159041],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159042,159043],{},"tuple[::0]",[179,159045,159046],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[179,159048,159049],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159051,159052],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[30,159054,159056],{"className":32,"code":159055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159057,159058,159068,159086,159108],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159059,159060,159062,159064,159066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159061,137],{"class":136},[39,159063,124],{"class":53},[39,159065,147608],{"class":120},[39,159067,130],{"class":53},[39,159069,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159071,137],{"class":136},[39,159073,124],{"class":53},[39,159075,147608],{"class":120},[39,159077,3609],{"class":53},[39,159079,58],{"class":57},[39,159081,1250],{"class":53},[39,159083,2212],{"class":57},[39,159085,3597],{"class":53},[39,159087,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159089,137],{"class":136},[39,159091,124],{"class":53},[39,159093,479],{"class":478},[39,159095,124],{"class":53},[39,159097,147608],{"class":120},[39,159099,3609],{"class":53},[39,159101,58],{"class":57},[39,159103,1250],{"class":53},[39,159105,2212],{"class":57},[39,159107,2705],{"class":53},[39,159109,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159111,137],{"class":136},[39,159113,124],{"class":53},[39,159115,1361],{"class":136},[39,159117,124],{"class":53},[39,159119,147608],{"class":120},[39,159121,486],{"class":53},[20,159123,10884],{},[176,159125,159126,159128,159131,159134],{},[179,159127,154822],{},[179,159129,159130],{},"what the slice actually returns",[179,159132,159133],{},"that the result is a tuple",[179,159135,159136],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[160,159138,1563],{"id":1562},[988,159140,159142],{"id":159141},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159144,159145],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[988,159147,159149],{"id":159148},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159151,159152],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[988,159154,4853,159156,39674],{"id":159155},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159157,157975],{},[20,159159,159160],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[988,159162,159164,159165,2199],{"id":159163},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159166,70452],{},[20,159168,159169,159170,117],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159171,70452],{},[160,159173,1613],{"id":1612},[176,159175,159176,159180,159184,159188,159192],{},[179,159177,159178],{},[195,159179,155682],{"href":150569},[179,159181,159182],{},[195,159183,149263],{"href":152689},[179,159185,159186],{},[195,159187,150512],{"href":156846},[179,159189,159190],{},[195,159191,147590],{"href":157208},[179,159193,159194],{},[195,159195,154435],{"href":158700},[1642,159197,159198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":159200},[159201,159202,159203,159204,159212,159216,159217,159222,159223,159228,159229,159237],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":157008,"depth":75,"text":157009},{"id":157211,"depth":75,"text":157212},{"id":75736,"depth":75,"text":75737,"children":159205},[159206,159208,159209,159210,159211],{"id":157369,"depth":99,"text":159207},"Get the first n items",{"id":157448,"depth":99,"text":157449},{"id":157526,"depth":99,"text":157527},{"id":157608,"depth":99,"text":157609},{"id":157690,"depth":99,"text":157691},{"id":76030,"depth":75,"text":76031,"children":159213},[159214,159215],{"id":157785,"depth":99,"text":157786},{"id":157869,"depth":99,"text":157870},{"id":157958,"depth":75,"text":157959},{"id":158210,"depth":75,"text":158211,"children":159218},[159219,159220,159221],{"id":158219,"depth":99,"text":158220},{"id":158335,"depth":99,"text":158336},{"id":158443,"depth":99,"text":158444},{"id":158509,"depth":75,"text":158510},{"id":76863,"depth":75,"text":14886,"children":159224},[159225,159226,159227],{"id":158726,"depth":99,"text":158727},{"id":158811,"depth":99,"text":158812},{"id":158908,"depth":99,"text":158909},{"id":113327,"depth":75,"text":113328},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":159230},[159231,159232,159233,159235],{"id":159141,"depth":99,"text":159142},{"id":159148,"depth":99,"text":159149},{"id":159155,"depth":99,"text":159234},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159163,"depth":99,"text":159236},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156852,"description":159238},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159245,"title":159246,"body":159247,"description":161070,"extension":1670,"meta":161071,"navigation":102,"path":34519,"seo":161072,"stem":161073,"__hash__":161074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159248,"toc":161036},[159249,159254,159259,159263,159281,159284,159299,159305,159307,159364,159366,159398,159410,159416,159421,159424,159459,159465,159467,159470,159484,159487,159489,159512,159514,159532,159535,159551,159553,159556,159669,159671,159760,159763,159768,159774,159777,159780,159879,159881,159940,159945,159948,160017,160021,160053,160069,160074,160081,160088,160100,160102,160151,160153,160176,160182,160230,160235,160242,160250,160256,160259,160283,160286,160288,160364,160366,160391,160397,160400,160405,160409,160423,160425,160488,160490,160522,160525,160541,160543,160549,160556,160558,160577,160579,160597,160604,160609,160616,160618,160655,160658,160665,160669,160672,160730,160733,160736,160791,160793,160805,160811,160813,160817,160850,160857,160859,160922,160925,160927,160932,160946,160953,160961,160970,160979,160985,160991,160993,161033],[10,159250,13,159252,3283],{"id":159251},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159253,2008],{},[20,159255,32026,159256,159258],{},[15,159257,2008],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159260,62487,159261,104269],{},[15,159262,2008],{},[176,159264,159265,159268,159271,159274],{},[179,159266,159267],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[179,159269,159270],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[179,159272,159273],{},"debug confusing code",[179,159275,159276,159277],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[195,159278,159279],{"href":7936},[15,159280,2665],{},[20,159282,159283],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[30,159285,159287],{"className":32,"code":159286,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"type(object)\n",[15,159288,159289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159290,159291,159293,159295,159297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159292,479],{"class":478},[39,159294,124],{"class":53},[39,159296,42114],{"class":478},[39,159298,130],{"class":53},[20,159300,159301,159302,159304],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159303,2008],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[160,159306,3313],{"id":3312},[30,159308,159310],{"className":32,"code":159309,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159311,159312,159324,159338,159342,159350],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159313,159314,159316,159318,159320,159322],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159315,7592],{"class":45},[39,159317,50],{"class":49},[39,159319,572],{"class":517},[39,159321,4714],{"class":521},[39,159323,3062],{"class":517},[39,159325,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159327,137],{"class":136},[39,159329,124],{"class":53},[39,159331,479],{"class":478},[39,159333,124],{"class":53},[39,159335,7382],{"class":120},[39,159337,486],{"class":53},[39,159339,159340],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159341,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,159343,159344,159346,159348],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159345,1924],{"class":45},[39,159347,50],{"class":49},[39,159349,2293],{"class":57},[39,159351,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,159353,137],{"class":136},[39,159355,124],{"class":53},[39,159357,479],{"class":478},[39,159359,124],{"class":53},[39,159361,1946],{"class":120},[39,159363,486],{"class":53},[20,159365,353],{},[30,159367,159368],{"className":32,"code":124675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159369,159370,159384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159371,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159373,510],{"class":49},[39,159375,514],{"class":513},[39,159377,518],{"class":517},[39,159379,3147],{"class":521},[39,159381,524],{"class":517},[39,159383,527],{"class":49},[39,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159387,510],{"class":49},[39,159389,514],{"class":513},[39,159391,518],{"class":517},[39,159393,1895],{"class":521},[39,159395,524],{"class":517},[39,159397,527],{"class":49},[20,159399,154,159400,159403,159404,4104,159407,117],{},[15,159401,159402],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159405,159406],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159408,159409],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[160,159411,163,159413,159415],{"id":159412},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159414,2008],{}," function does",[20,159417,159418,159420],{},[15,159419,2008],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159422,159423],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[176,159425,159426,159431,159436,159441,159446,159451],{},[179,159427,159428,159430],{},[15,159429,3147],{}," for text",[179,159432,159433,159435],{},[15,159434,1895],{}," for whole numbers",[179,159437,159438,159440],{},[15,159439,1899],{}," for decimal numbers",[179,159442,159443,159445],{},[15,159444,7810],{}," for lists",[179,159447,159448,159450],{},[15,159449,8538],{}," for dictionaries",[179,159452,159453,68816,159455,4104,159457],{},[15,159454,3575],{},[15,159456,3308],{},[15,159458,3379],{},[20,159460,159461,159462,159464],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159463,2008],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[160,159466,202],{"id":201},[20,159468,159469],{},"The main beginner form is:",[30,159471,159472],{"className":32,"code":159286,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159473,159474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159475,159476,159478,159480,159482],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159477,479],{"class":478},[39,159479,124],{"class":53},[39,159481,42114],{"class":478},[39,159483,130],{"class":53},[20,159485,159486],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159488,267],{},[30,159490,159492],{"className":32,"code":159491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159493,159494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159495,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159497,137],{"class":136},[39,159499,124],{"class":53},[39,159501,479],{"class":478},[39,159503,124],{"class":53},[39,159505,562],{"class":517},[39,159507,3552],{"class":521},[39,159509,562],{"class":517},[39,159511,486],{"class":53},[20,159513,353],{},[30,159515,159516],{"className":32,"code":45486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159517,159518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159519,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159521,510],{"class":49},[39,159523,514],{"class":513},[39,159525,518],{"class":517},[39,159527,3147],{"class":521},[39,159529,524],{"class":517},[39,159531,527],{"class":49},[20,159533,159534],{},"You can pass either:",[176,159536,159537,159544],{},[179,159538,159539,159540,1292,159542],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159541,64255],{},[15,159543,46242],{},[179,159545,159546,159547,1292,159549],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159548,7382],{},[15,159550,9015],{},[160,159552,121487],{"id":121486},[20,159554,159555],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[30,159557,159559],{"className":32,"code":159558,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159560,159561,159579,159593,159607,159629,159655],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159562,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573,159575,159577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159564,137],{"class":136},[39,159566,124],{"class":53},[39,159568,479],{"class":478},[39,159570,124],{"class":53},[39,159572,562],{"class":517},[39,159574,3552],{"class":521},[39,159576,562],{"class":517},[39,159578,486],{"class":53},[39,159580,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589,159591],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159582,137],{"class":136},[39,159584,124],{"class":53},[39,159586,479],{"class":478},[39,159588,124],{"class":53},[39,159590,2037],{"class":57},[39,159592,486],{"class":53},[39,159594,159595,159597,159599,159601,159603,159605],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159596,137],{"class":136},[39,159598,124],{"class":53},[39,159600,479],{"class":478},[39,159602,124],{"class":53},[39,159604,39857],{"class":57},[39,159606,486],{"class":53},[39,159608,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625,159627],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159610,137],{"class":136},[39,159612,124],{"class":53},[39,159614,479],{"class":478},[39,159616,917],{"class":53},[39,159618,58],{"class":57},[39,159620,61],{"class":53},[39,159622,64],{"class":57},[39,159624,61],{"class":53},[39,159626,69],{"class":57},[39,159628,2705],{"class":53},[39,159630,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,159632,137],{"class":136},[39,159634,124],{"class":53},[39,159636,479],{"class":478},[39,159638,5242],{"class":53},[39,159640,562],{"class":517},[39,159642,7382],{"class":521},[39,159644,562],{"class":517},[39,159646,1250],{"class":53},[39,159648,572],{"class":517},[39,159650,4714],{"class":521},[39,159652,562],{"class":517},[39,159654,5251],{"class":53},[39,159656,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,159658,137],{"class":136},[39,159660,124],{"class":53},[39,159662,479],{"class":478},[39,159664,124],{"class":53},[39,159666,3308],{"class":3559},[39,159668,486],{"class":53},[20,159670,353],{},[30,159672,159674],{"className":32,"code":159673,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159675,159676,159690,159704,159718,159732,159746],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159677,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159679,510],{"class":49},[39,159681,514],{"class":513},[39,159683,518],{"class":517},[39,159685,3147],{"class":521},[39,159687,524],{"class":517},[39,159689,527],{"class":49},[39,159691,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159693,510],{"class":49},[39,159695,514],{"class":513},[39,159697,518],{"class":517},[39,159699,1895],{"class":521},[39,159701,524],{"class":517},[39,159703,527],{"class":49},[39,159705,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159707,510],{"class":49},[39,159709,514],{"class":513},[39,159711,518],{"class":517},[39,159713,1899],{"class":521},[39,159715,524],{"class":517},[39,159717,527],{"class":49},[39,159719,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159721,510],{"class":49},[39,159723,514],{"class":513},[39,159725,518],{"class":517},[39,159727,7810],{"class":521},[39,159729,524],{"class":517},[39,159731,527],{"class":49},[39,159733,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742,159744],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,159735,510],{"class":49},[39,159737,514],{"class":513},[39,159739,518],{"class":517},[39,159741,8538],{"class":521},[39,159743,524],{"class":517},[39,159745,527],{"class":49},[39,159747,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756,159758],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,159749,510],{"class":49},[39,159751,514],{"class":513},[39,159753,518],{"class":517},[39,159755,3575],{"class":521},[39,159757,524],{"class":517},[39,159759,527],{"class":49},[20,159761,159762],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159764,159765,159766,117],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[195,159767,44513],{"href":48695},[160,159769,718,159771,159773],{"id":159770},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159772,2008],{}," with variables",[20,159775,159776],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159778,159779],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[30,159781,159783],{"className":32,"code":159782,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159784,159785,159793,159811,159815,159827,159845,159849,159861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159786,159787,159789,159791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159788,2154],{"class":45},[39,159790,50],{"class":49},[39,159792,2293],{"class":57},[39,159794,159795,159797,159799,159801,159803,159805,159807,159809],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159796,137],{"class":136},[39,159798,124],{"class":53},[39,159800,2179],{"class":120},[39,159802,61],{"class":53},[39,159804,49107],{"class":478},[39,159806,124],{"class":53},[39,159808,2179],{"class":120},[39,159810,486],{"class":53},[39,159812,159813],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159814,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,159816,159817,159819,159821,159823,159825],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159818,2154],{"class":45},[39,159820,50],{"class":49},[39,159822,572],{"class":517},[39,159824,45623],{"class":521},[39,159826,3062],{"class":517},[39,159828,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,159830,137],{"class":136},[39,159832,124],{"class":53},[39,159834,2179],{"class":120},[39,159836,61],{"class":53},[39,159838,49107],{"class":478},[39,159840,124],{"class":53},[39,159842,2179],{"class":120},[39,159844,486],{"class":53},[39,159846,159847],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,159848,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,159852,2154],{"class":45},[39,159854,50],{"class":49},[39,159856,3327],{"class":53},[39,159858,2037],{"class":57},[39,159860,3340],{"class":53},[39,159862,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877],{"class":41,"line":1472},[39,159864,137],{"class":136},[39,159866,124],{"class":53},[39,159868,2179],{"class":120},[39,159870,61],{"class":53},[39,159872,49107],{"class":478},[39,159874,124],{"class":53},[39,159876,2179],{"class":120},[39,159878,486],{"class":53},[20,159880,353],{},[30,159882,159884],{"className":32,"code":159883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159885,159886,159903,159920],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159887,159888,159890,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159889,2037],{"class":57},[39,159891,159892],{"class":49}," \u003C",[39,159894,514],{"class":513},[39,159896,518],{"class":517},[39,159898,1895],{"class":521},[39,159900,524],{"class":517},[39,159902,527],{"class":49},[39,159904,159905,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159906,159907],{"class":45},"ten ",[39,159909,510],{"class":49},[39,159911,514],{"class":513},[39,159913,518],{"class":517},[39,159915,3147],{"class":521},[39,159917,524],{"class":517},[39,159919,527],{"class":49},[39,159921,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159923,3609],{"class":53},[39,159925,2037],{"class":57},[39,159927,12982],{"class":53},[39,159929,159892],{"class":49},[39,159931,514],{"class":513},[39,159933,518],{"class":517},[39,159935,7810],{"class":521},[39,159937,524],{"class":517},[39,159939,527],{"class":49},[20,159941,159942,159944],{},[15,159943,2008],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159946,159947],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[30,159949,159951],{"className":32,"code":159950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159952,159953,159971,159985,159989,160003],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159954,159955,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159956,3095],{"class":45},[39,159958,50],{"class":49},[39,159960,7959],{"class":136},[39,159962,124],{"class":53},[39,159964,562],{"class":517},[39,159966,41586],{"class":521},[39,159968,562],{"class":517},[39,159970,130],{"class":53},[39,159972,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,159974,137],{"class":136},[39,159976,124],{"class":53},[39,159978,479],{"class":478},[39,159980,124],{"class":53},[39,159982,3121],{"class":120},[39,159984,486],{"class":53},[39,159986,159987],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,159988,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,159992,122599],{"class":45},[39,159994,50],{"class":49},[39,159996,44992],{"class":478},[39,159998,124],{"class":53},[39,160000,3121],{"class":120},[39,160002,130],{"class":53},[39,160004,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,160006,137],{"class":136},[39,160008,124],{"class":53},[39,160010,479],{"class":478},[39,160012,124],{"class":53},[39,160014,122622],{"class":120},[39,160016,486],{"class":53},[20,160018,40835,160019,40839],{},[15,160020,8911],{},[30,160022,160023],{"className":32,"code":124675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160024,160025,160039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160026,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160028,510],{"class":49},[39,160030,514],{"class":513},[39,160032,518],{"class":517},[39,160034,3147],{"class":521},[39,160036,524],{"class":517},[39,160038,527],{"class":49},[39,160040,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160042,510],{"class":49},[39,160044,514],{"class":513},[39,160046,518],{"class":517},[39,160048,1895],{"class":521},[39,160050,524],{"class":517},[39,160052,527],{"class":49},[20,160054,45419,160055,160059,160060,1292,160064,160068],{},[195,160056,160057],{"href":7936},[15,160058,2665],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[195,160061,160062],{"href":2582},[15,160063,2585],{},[195,160065,160066],{"href":2588},[15,160067,2591],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160070,160071,160072,117],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[195,160073,8698],{"href":8697},[160,160075,160077,980,160079],{"id":160076},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160078,2008],{},[15,160080,44521],{},[20,160082,160083,4104,160085,160087],{},[15,160084,2008],{},[15,160086,44521],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[176,160089,160090,160095],{},[179,160091,160092,160094],{},[15,160093,2008],{}," tells you the exact type",[179,160096,160097,160099],{},[15,160098,44521],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160101,267],{},[30,160103,160105],{"className":32,"code":160104,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160106,160107,160115,160119,160133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160108,160109,160111,160113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160110,2154],{"class":45},[39,160112,50],{"class":49},[39,160114,34553],{"class":57},[39,160116,160117],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160118,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160120,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160122,137],{"class":136},[39,160124,124],{"class":53},[39,160126,479],{"class":478},[39,160128,124],{"class":53},[39,160130,2179],{"class":120},[39,160132,486],{"class":53},[39,160134,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160136,137],{"class":136},[39,160138,124],{"class":53},[39,160140,48592],{"class":136},[39,160142,124],{"class":53},[39,160144,2179],{"class":120},[39,160146,61],{"class":53},[39,160148,44992],{"class":478},[39,160150,486],{"class":53},[20,160152,353],{},[30,160154,160156],{"className":32,"code":160155,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160157,160158,160172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160159,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160161,510],{"class":49},[39,160163,514],{"class":513},[39,160165,518],{"class":517},[39,160167,1895],{"class":521},[39,160169,524],{"class":517},[39,160171,527],{"class":49},[39,160173,160174],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160175,3689],{"class":3559},[20,160177,160178,160179,160181],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160180,44521],{}," is more practical.",[30,160183,160185],{"className":32,"code":160184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160186,160187,160195,160199,160215],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160188,160189,160191,160193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160190,2154],{"class":45},[39,160192,50],{"class":49},[39,160194,34553],{"class":57},[39,160196,160197],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160198,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160200,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160202,6710],{"class":3584},[39,160204,49330],{"class":136},[39,160206,124],{"class":53},[39,160208,2179],{"class":120},[39,160210,61],{"class":53},[39,160212,44992],{"class":478},[39,160214,8059],{"class":53},[39,160216,160217,160219,160221,160223,160226,160228],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160218,7785],{"class":136},[39,160220,124],{"class":53},[39,160222,562],{"class":517},[39,160224,160225],{"class":521},"This is an integer",[39,160227,562],{"class":517},[39,160229,130],{"class":53},[20,160231,154,160232,160234],{},[15,160233,2008],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160236,154,160237,160239,160240,6885],{},[15,160238,44521],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160241,6710],{},[20,160243,160244,160245,117],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[195,160246,13,160248,3213],{"href":160247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160249,44521],{},[160,160251,160253,160254],{"id":160252},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160255,2008],{},[20,160257,160258],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[30,160260,160262],{"className":32,"code":160261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160263,160264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160265,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274,160277,160279,160281],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160267,479],{"class":478},[39,160269,124],{"class":53},[39,160271,7382],{"class":120},[39,160273,61],{"class":53},[39,160275,160276],{"class":120}," bases",[39,160278,61],{"class":53},[39,160280,8888],{"class":478},[39,160282,130],{"class":53},[20,160284,160285],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160287,267],{},[30,160289,160291],{"className":32,"code":160290,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160292,160293,160336,160340,160350],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160294,160295,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160309,160311,160313,160316,160318,160320,160323,160325,160327,160329,160332,160334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160296,160297],{"class":45},"Person ",[39,160299,50],{"class":49},[39,160301,49107],{"class":478},[39,160303,124],{"class":53},[39,160305,562],{"class":517},[39,160307,160308],{"class":521},"Person",[39,160310,562],{"class":517},[39,160312,61],{"class":53},[39,160314,160315],{"class":53}," (),",[39,160317,54],{"class":53},[39,160319,562],{"class":517},[39,160321,160322],{"class":521},"species",[39,160324,562],{"class":517},[39,160326,1250],{"class":53},[39,160328,572],{"class":517},[39,160330,160331],{"class":521},"human",[39,160333,562],{"class":517},[39,160335,30205],{"class":53},[39,160337,160338],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160339,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160341,160342,160344,160346,160348],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160343,137],{"class":136},[39,160345,124],{"class":53},[39,160347,160308],{"class":120},[39,160349,130],{"class":53},[39,160351,160352,160354,160356,160358,160360,160362],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160353,137],{"class":136},[39,160355,124],{"class":53},[39,160357,160308],{"class":120},[39,160359,117],{"class":53},[39,160361,160322],{"class":24457},[39,160363,130],{"class":53},[20,160365,353],{},[30,160367,160369],{"className":32,"code":160368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160370,160371,160386],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160372,160373,160375,160377,160379,160382,160384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160374,510],{"class":49},[39,160376,514],{"class":513},[39,160378,518],{"class":517},[39,160380,160381],{"class":521},"__main__.Person",[39,160383,524],{"class":517},[39,160385,527],{"class":49},[39,160387,160388],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160389,160390],{"class":45},"human\n",[20,160392,160393,160394,160396],{},"Most beginners do ",[382,160395,4340],{}," need this form.",[20,160398,160399],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[160,160401,4671,160403],{"id":160402},"when-to-use-type",[15,160404,2008],{},[20,160406,160407,12157],{},[15,160408,2008],{},[176,160410,160411,160414,160417,160420],{},[179,160412,160413],{},"debug unexpected values",[179,160415,160416],{},"check what a conversion produced",[179,160418,160419],{},"learn Python data types",[179,160421,160422],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160424,5184],{},[30,160426,160428],{"className":32,"code":160427,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160429,160430,160442,160456,160460,160474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160431,160432,160434,160436,160438,160440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160433,34398],{"class":45},[39,160435,50],{"class":49},[39,160437,572],{"class":517},[39,160439,49963],{"class":521},[39,160441,3062],{"class":517},[39,160443,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160445,1924],{"class":45},[39,160447,50],{"class":49},[39,160449,44992],{"class":478},[39,160451,124],{"class":53},[39,160453,34419],{"class":120},[39,160455,130],{"class":53},[39,160457,160458],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160459,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160461,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160463,137],{"class":136},[39,160465,124],{"class":53},[39,160467,479],{"class":478},[39,160469,124],{"class":53},[39,160471,34419],{"class":120},[39,160473,486],{"class":53},[39,160475,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,160477,137],{"class":136},[39,160479,124],{"class":53},[39,160481,479],{"class":478},[39,160483,124],{"class":53},[39,160485,1946],{"class":120},[39,160487,486],{"class":53},[20,160489,353],{},[30,160491,160492],{"className":32,"code":124675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160493,160494,160508],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160495,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160497,510],{"class":49},[39,160499,514],{"class":513},[39,160501,518],{"class":517},[39,160503,3147],{"class":521},[39,160505,524],{"class":517},[39,160507,527],{"class":49},[39,160509,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160511,510],{"class":49},[39,160513,514],{"class":513},[39,160515,518],{"class":517},[39,160517,1895],{"class":521},[39,160519,524],{"class":517},[39,160521,527],{"class":49},[20,160523,160524],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160526,160527,160528,1896,160532,16781,160536,160540],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[195,160529,160530],{"href":41890},[15,160531,47400],{},[195,160533,160534],{"href":2582},[15,160535,2585],{},[195,160537,160538],{"href":2588},[15,160539,2591],{}," are often the next step.",[160,160542,25065],{"id":25064},[20,160544,160545,160546,160548],{},"A few things about ",[15,160547,2008],{}," often confuse beginners.",[988,160550,160552,160555],{"id":160551},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160553,160554],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160557,64364],{},[30,160559,160561],{"className":32,"code":160560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160562,160563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160564,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160566,137],{"class":136},[39,160568,124],{"class":53},[39,160570,479],{"class":478},[39,160572,124],{"class":53},[39,160574,1843],{"class":57},[39,160576,486],{"class":53},[20,160578,122518],{},[30,160580,160581],{"className":32,"code":156030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160582,160583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160584,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160586,510],{"class":49},[39,160588,514],{"class":513},[39,160590,518],{"class":517},[39,160592,1895],{"class":521},[39,160594,524],{"class":517},[39,160596,527],{"class":49},[20,160598,40620,160599,160601,160602,117],{},[382,160600,4340],{}," print just ",[15,160603,1895],{},[20,160605,6389,160606,160608],{},[15,160607,2008],{}," returns a class object.",[988,160610,160612,2104,160614],{"id":160611},"input-returns-str",[15,160613,2665],{},[15,160615,3147],{},[20,160617,79263],{},[30,160619,160621],{"className":32,"code":160620,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160622,160623,160641],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160624,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160626,2154],{"class":45},[39,160628,50],{"class":49},[39,160630,7959],{"class":136},[39,160632,124],{"class":53},[39,160634,562],{"class":517},[39,160636,46026],{"class":521},[39,160638,562],{"class":517},[39,160640,130],{"class":53},[39,160642,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651,160653],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160644,137],{"class":136},[39,160646,124],{"class":53},[39,160648,479],{"class":478},[39,160650,124],{"class":53},[39,160652,2179],{"class":120},[39,160654,486],{"class":53},[20,160656,160657],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160659,160660,160661,1292,160663,117],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160662,2585],{},[15,160664,2591],{},[988,160666,160668],{"id":160667},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160670,160671],{},"Avoid code like this:",[30,160673,160675],{"className":32,"code":160674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160676,160677,160685,160689,160715],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160678,160679,160681,160683],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160680,2154],{"class":45},[39,160682,50],{"class":49},[39,160684,34553],{"class":57},[39,160686,160687],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160688,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160690,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160692,6710],{"class":3584},[39,160694,48621],{"class":478},[39,160696,124],{"class":53},[39,160698,479],{"class":478},[39,160700,124],{"class":53},[39,160702,2179],{"class":120},[39,160704,5073],{"class":53},[39,160706,6122],{"class":49},[39,160708,572],{"class":517},[39,160710,159409],{"class":521},[39,160712,562],{"class":517},[39,160714,6107],{"class":53},[39,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160726,160728],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160718,7785],{"class":136},[39,160720,124],{"class":53},[39,160722,562],{"class":517},[39,160724,160725],{"class":521},"It is an int",[39,160727,562],{"class":517},[39,160729,130],{"class":53},[20,160731,160732],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160734,160735],{},"Better options:",[30,160737,160739],{"className":32,"code":160738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160740,160741,160749,160753,160773],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160742,160743,160745,160747],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160744,2154],{"class":45},[39,160746,50],{"class":49},[39,160748,34553],{"class":57},[39,160750,160751],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160752,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,160754,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160756,137],{"class":136},[39,160758,124],{"class":53},[39,160760,479],{"class":478},[39,160762,124],{"class":53},[39,160764,2179],{"class":120},[39,160766,3366],{"class":53},[39,160768,6122],{"class":49},[39,160770,44992],{"class":478},[39,160772,130],{"class":53},[39,160774,160775,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160776,137],{"class":136},[39,160778,124],{"class":53},[39,160780,48592],{"class":136},[39,160782,124],{"class":53},[39,160784,2179],{"class":120},[39,160786,61],{"class":53},[39,160788,44992],{"class":478},[39,160790,486],{"class":53},[20,160792,353],{},[30,160794,160795],{"className":32,"code":4216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160796,160797,160801],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160798,160799],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160800,3689],{"class":3559},[39,160802,160803],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160804,3689],{"class":3559},[20,160806,160807,160808,160810],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160809,44521],{}," is the more useful check.",[160,160812,2537],{"id":2536},[20,160814,1247,160815,1250],{},[15,160816,2008],{},[176,160818,160819,160829,160838,160847],{},[179,160820,718,160821,160823,160824,160828],{},[15,160822,2008],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[195,160825,160826],{"href":7936},[15,160827,2665],{}," always returns a string",[179,160830,8170,160831,160833,160834,10806,160836],{},[15,160832,2008],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160835,1895],{},[15,160837,159409],{},[179,160839,718,160840,44345,160843,160846],{},[15,160841,160842],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160844,160845],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[179,160848,160849],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160851,160852,160853,117],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[195,160854,160856],{"href":160855},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160858,144184],{},[30,160860,160862],{"className":32,"code":160861,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160863,160864,160878,160888,160902,160912],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160865,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160867,137],{"class":136},[39,160869,124],{"class":53},[39,160871,479],{"class":478},[39,160873,124],{"class":53},[39,160875,2179],{"class":120},[39,160877,486],{"class":53},[39,160879,160880,160882,160884,160886],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,160881,137],{"class":136},[39,160883,124],{"class":53},[39,160885,2179],{"class":120},[39,160887,130],{"class":53},[39,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,160891,137],{"class":136},[39,160893,124],{"class":53},[39,160895,41494],{"class":136},[39,160897,124],{"class":53},[39,160899,2179],{"class":120},[39,160901,486],{"class":53},[39,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,160905,31861],{"class":136},[39,160907,124],{"class":53},[39,160909,479],{"class":478},[39,160911,130],{"class":53},[39,160913,160914,160916,160918,160920],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,160915,34082],{"class":136},[39,160917,124],{"class":53},[39,160919,2179],{"class":120},[39,160921,130],{"class":53},[20,160923,160924],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[160,160926,1563],{"id":1562},[988,160928,4853,160930,4856],{"id":160929},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160931,2008],{},[20,160933,160934,160935,1896,160937,1896,160939,1900,160941,160943,160944,117],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160936,3147],{},[15,160938,1895],{},[15,160940,7810],{},[15,160942,8538],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160945,159406],{},[988,160947,14612,160949,56924,160951,2199],{"id":160948},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160950,2008],{},[15,160952,44521],{},[20,160954,46081,160955,160957,160958,160960],{},[15,160956,2008],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160959,44521],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[988,160962,4869,160964,160967,160968,2199],{"id":160963},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160965,160966],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160969,3147],{},[20,160971,28770,160972,160974,160975,1292,160977,160068],{},[15,160973,2665],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160976,2585],{},[15,160978,2591],{},[988,160980,1577,160982,160984],{"id":160981},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160983,2008],{}," create classes?",[20,160986,160987,160988,117],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160989,160990],{},"type(object)",[160,160992,1613],{"id":1612},[176,160994,160995,160999,161005,161011,161015,161021,161027],{},[179,160996,160997],{},[195,160998,44513],{"href":48695},[179,161000,161001],{},[195,161002,13,161003,3213],{"href":160247},[15,161004,44521],{},[179,161006,161007],{},[195,161008,13,161009,3213],{"href":7936},[15,161010,2665],{},[179,161012,161013],{},[195,161014,8775],{"href":8697},[179,161016,161017],{},[195,161018,13,161019,3213],{"href":2582},[15,161020,2585],{},[179,161022,161023],{},[195,161024,13,161025,3213],{"href":2588},[15,161026,2591],{},[179,161028,161029],{},[195,161030,13,161031,3213],{"href":41890},[15,161032,47400],{},[1642,161034,161035],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":161037},[161038,161039,161041,161042,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161058,161059,161069],{"id":3312,"depth":75,"text":3313},{"id":159412,"depth":75,"text":161040},"What the type() function does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":121486,"depth":75,"text":121487},{"id":159770,"depth":75,"text":161044},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160076,"depth":75,"text":161046},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160252,"depth":75,"text":161048},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160402,"depth":75,"text":161050},"When to use type()",{"id":25064,"depth":75,"text":25065,"children":161052},[161053,161055,161057],{"id":160551,"depth":99,"text":161054},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160611,"depth":99,"text":161056},"input() returns str",{"id":160667,"depth":99,"text":160668},{"id":2536,"depth":75,"text":2537},{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":161060},[161061,161063,161065,161067],{"id":160929,"depth":99,"text":161062},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160948,"depth":99,"text":161064},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160963,"depth":99,"text":161066},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160981,"depth":99,"text":161068},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159246,"description":161070},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161076,"title":161077,"body":161078,"description":163557,"extension":1670,"meta":163558,"navigation":102,"path":163559,"seo":163560,"stem":163561,"__hash__":163562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161079,"toc":163514},[161080,161085,161090,161099,161101,161201,161203,161228,161233,161238,161254,161257,161259,161261,161286,161289,161292,161375,161377,161426,161429,161551,161553,161626,161630,161633,161747,161749,161775,161777,161798,161803,161807,161812,161815,161919,161921,161938,161947,161950,162037,162039,162050,162055,162061,162066,162072,162075,162168,162170,162219,162225,162228,162329,162331,162384,162389,162393,162396,162495,162497,162536,162539,162544,162546,162551,162555,162668,162672,162769,162773,162861,162863,162880,162884,163007,163013,163019,163025,163030,163033,163060,163064,163066,163160,163163,163167,163170,163257,163260,163295,163297,163334,163337,163345,163350,163355,163429,163436,163438,163443,163446,163452,163455,163461,163466,163472,163477,163481,163484,163486,163511],[10,161081,13,161083,3283],{"id":161082},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161084,64040],{},[20,161086,161087,161089],{},[15,161088,64040],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161091,161092,161093,161095,161096,161098],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161094,64040],{}," inside a ",[15,161097,5671],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[160,161100,1711],{"id":1710},[30,161102,161104],{"className":32,"code":161103,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161105,161106,161138,161158,161162,161187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161107,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161109,4705],{"class":45},[39,161111,50],{"class":49},[39,161113,3327],{"class":53},[39,161115,562],{"class":517},[39,161117,12593],{"class":521},[39,161119,562],{"class":517},[39,161121,61],{"class":53},[39,161123,572],{"class":517},[39,161125,35653],{"class":521},[39,161127,562],{"class":517},[39,161129,61],{"class":53},[39,161131,572],{"class":517},[39,161133,35662],{"class":521},[39,161135,562],{"class":517},[39,161137,3340],{"class":53},[39,161139,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161141,4774],{"class":45},[39,161143,50],{"class":49},[39,161145,3327],{"class":53},[39,161147,13211],{"class":57},[39,161149,61],{"class":53},[39,161151,13216],{"class":57},[39,161153,61],{"class":53},[39,161155,28629],{"class":57},[39,161157,3340],{"class":53},[39,161159,161160],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161161,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,161163,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,161165,5671],{"class":3584},[39,161167,35704],{"class":45},[39,161169,61],{"class":53},[39,161171,4816],{"class":45},[39,161173,3591],{"class":3584},[39,161175,161176],{"class":136}," zip",[39,161178,124],{"class":53},[39,161180,4749],{"class":120},[39,161182,61],{"class":53},[39,161184,4821],{"class":120},[39,161186,8059],{"class":53},[39,161188,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,161190,7785],{"class":136},[39,161192,124],{"class":53},[39,161194,7382],{"class":120},[39,161196,61],{"class":53},[39,161198,130464],{"class":120},[39,161200,130],{"class":53},[20,161202,353],{},[30,161204,161206],{"className":32,"code":161205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161207,161208,161214,161221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161209,161210,161212],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161211,133483],{"class":45},[39,161213,32845],{"class":57},[39,161215,161216,161219],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161217,161218],{"class":45},"Ben ",[39,161220,32850],{"class":57},[39,161222,161223,161226],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161224,161225],{"class":45},"Cara ",[39,161227,32855],{"class":57},[20,161229,154,161230,161232],{},[15,161231,64040],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[160,161234,3383,161236,3386],{"id":161235},"what-zip-does",[15,161237,64040],{},[176,161239,161240,161245,161248,161251],{},[179,161241,161242,161244],{},[15,161243,64040],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[179,161246,161247],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[179,161249,161250],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[179,161252,161253],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161255,161256],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[160,161258,202],{"id":201},[20,161260,6931],{},[30,161262,161264],{"className":32,"code":161263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161265,161266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161267,161268,161270,161272,161275,161277,161280,161282,161284],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161269,64110],{"class":136},[39,161271,124],{"class":53},[39,161273,161274],{"class":120},"iterable1",[39,161276,61],{"class":53},[39,161278,161279],{"class":120}," iterable2",[39,161281,61],{"class":53},[39,161283,34164],{"class":136},[39,161285,130],{"class":53},[20,161287,161288],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161290,161291],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[30,161293,161295],{"className":32,"code":161294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161296,161297,161317,161349,161353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161298,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161300,1379],{"class":45},[39,161302,50],{"class":49},[39,161304,3327],{"class":53},[39,161306,58],{"class":57},[39,161308,61],{"class":53},[39,161310,64],{"class":57},[39,161312,61],{"class":53},[39,161314,69],{"class":57},[39,161316,3340],{"class":53},[39,161318,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161320,35803],{"class":45},[39,161322,50],{"class":49},[39,161324,3327],{"class":53},[39,161326,562],{"class":517},[39,161328,195],{"class":521},[39,161330,562],{"class":517},[39,161332,61],{"class":53},[39,161334,572],{"class":517},[39,161336,127],{"class":521},[39,161338,562],{"class":517},[39,161340,61],{"class":53},[39,161342,572],{"class":517},[39,161344,9454],{"class":521},[39,161346,562],{"class":517},[39,161348,3340],{"class":53},[39,161350,161351],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161352,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,161354,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,161356,137],{"class":136},[39,161358,124],{"class":53},[39,161360,7810],{"class":478},[39,161362,124],{"class":53},[39,161364,64110],{"class":136},[39,161366,124],{"class":53},[39,161368,1457],{"class":120},[39,161370,61],{"class":53},[39,161372,69817],{"class":120},[39,161374,2619],{"class":53},[20,161376,353],{},[30,161378,161380],{"className":32,"code":161379,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161381,161382],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161383,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161385,21448],{"class":53},[39,161387,58],{"class":57},[39,161389,61],{"class":53},[39,161391,518],{"class":517},[39,161393,195],{"class":521},[39,161395,524],{"class":517},[39,161397,8951],{"class":53},[39,161399,933],{"class":53},[39,161401,85],{"class":57},[39,161403,61],{"class":53},[39,161405,518],{"class":517},[39,161407,127],{"class":521},[39,161409,524],{"class":517},[39,161411,8951],{"class":53},[39,161413,933],{"class":53},[39,161415,307],{"class":57},[39,161417,61],{"class":53},[39,161419,518],{"class":517},[39,161421,9454],{"class":521},[39,161423,524],{"class":517},[39,161425,8966],{"class":53},[20,161427,161428],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[30,161430,161432],{"className":32,"code":161431,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161433,161434,161466,161486,161520,161524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161435,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161437,4705],{"class":45},[39,161439,50],{"class":49},[39,161441,3327],{"class":53},[39,161443,562],{"class":517},[39,161445,12593],{"class":521},[39,161447,562],{"class":517},[39,161449,61],{"class":53},[39,161451,572],{"class":517},[39,161453,35653],{"class":521},[39,161455,562],{"class":517},[39,161457,61],{"class":53},[39,161459,572],{"class":517},[39,161461,35662],{"class":521},[39,161463,562],{"class":517},[39,161465,3340],{"class":53},[39,161467,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161469,4774],{"class":45},[39,161471,50],{"class":49},[39,161473,3327],{"class":53},[39,161475,13211],{"class":57},[39,161477,61],{"class":53},[39,161479,13216],{"class":57},[39,161481,61],{"class":53},[39,161483,28629],{"class":57},[39,161485,3340],{"class":53},[39,161487,161488,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161516,161518],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161489,161490],{"class":45},"grades ",[39,161492,50],{"class":49},[39,161494,3327],{"class":53},[39,161496,562],{"class":517},[39,161498,21952],{"class":521},[39,161500,562],{"class":517},[39,161502,61],{"class":53},[39,161504,572],{"class":517},[39,161506,30309],{"class":521},[39,161508,562],{"class":517},[39,161510,61],{"class":53},[39,161512,572],{"class":517},[39,161514,161515],{"class":521},"B+",[39,161517,562],{"class":517},[39,161519,3340],{"class":53},[39,161521,161522],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,161523,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,161525,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161549],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,161527,137],{"class":136},[39,161529,124],{"class":53},[39,161531,7810],{"class":478},[39,161533,124],{"class":53},[39,161535,64110],{"class":136},[39,161537,124],{"class":53},[39,161539,4749],{"class":120},[39,161541,61],{"class":53},[39,161543,4821],{"class":120},[39,161545,61],{"class":53},[39,161547,161548],{"class":120}," grades",[39,161550,2619],{"class":53},[20,161552,353],{},[30,161554,161556],{"className":32,"code":161555,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161557,161558],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161559,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161561,21448],{"class":53},[39,161563,524],{"class":517},[39,161565,12593],{"class":521},[39,161567,524],{"class":517},[39,161569,61],{"class":53},[39,161571,19605],{"class":57},[39,161573,61],{"class":53},[39,161575,518],{"class":517},[39,161577,21952],{"class":521},[39,161579,524],{"class":517},[39,161581,8951],{"class":53},[39,161583,933],{"class":53},[39,161585,524],{"class":517},[39,161587,35653],{"class":521},[39,161589,524],{"class":517},[39,161591,61],{"class":53},[39,161593,13216],{"class":57},[39,161595,61],{"class":53},[39,161597,518],{"class":517},[39,161599,30309],{"class":521},[39,161601,524],{"class":517},[39,161603,8951],{"class":53},[39,161605,933],{"class":53},[39,161607,524],{"class":517},[39,161609,35662],{"class":521},[39,161611,524],{"class":517},[39,161613,61],{"class":53},[39,161615,28629],{"class":57},[39,161617,61],{"class":53},[39,161619,518],{"class":517},[39,161621,161515],{"class":521},[39,161623,524],{"class":517},[39,161625,8966],{"class":53},[160,161627,161629],{"id":161628},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161631,161632],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[30,161634,161636],{"className":32,"code":161635,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161637,161638,161670,161690,161694,161718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161641,4705],{"class":45},[39,161643,50],{"class":49},[39,161645,3327],{"class":53},[39,161647,562],{"class":517},[39,161649,12593],{"class":521},[39,161651,562],{"class":517},[39,161653,61],{"class":53},[39,161655,572],{"class":517},[39,161657,35653],{"class":521},[39,161659,562],{"class":517},[39,161661,61],{"class":53},[39,161663,572],{"class":517},[39,161665,35662],{"class":521},[39,161667,562],{"class":517},[39,161669,3340],{"class":53},[39,161671,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161673,4774],{"class":45},[39,161675,50],{"class":49},[39,161677,3327],{"class":53},[39,161679,13211],{"class":57},[39,161681,61],{"class":53},[39,161683,13216],{"class":57},[39,161685,61],{"class":53},[39,161687,28629],{"class":57},[39,161689,3340],{"class":53},[39,161691,161692],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161693,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,161695,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,161697,5671],{"class":3584},[39,161699,35704],{"class":45},[39,161701,61],{"class":53},[39,161703,4816],{"class":45},[39,161705,3591],{"class":3584},[39,161707,161176],{"class":136},[39,161709,124],{"class":53},[39,161711,4749],{"class":120},[39,161713,61],{"class":53},[39,161715,4821],{"class":120},[39,161717,8059],{"class":53},[39,161719,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,161721,7785],{"class":136},[39,161723,124],{"class":53},[39,161725,22001],{"class":513},[39,161727,562],{"class":521},[39,161729,363],{"class":57},[39,161731,7382],{"class":120},[39,161733,22010],{"class":57},[39,161735,161736],{"class":521}," scored ",[39,161738,363],{"class":57},[39,161740,85240],{"class":120},[39,161742,22010],{"class":57},[39,161744,562],{"class":521},[39,161746,130],{"class":53},[20,161748,353],{},[30,161750,161752],{"className":32,"code":161751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161753,161754,161761,161768],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161755,161756,161759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161757,161758],{"class":45},"Ana scored ",[39,161760,32845],{"class":57},[39,161762,161763,161766],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161764,161765],{"class":45},"Ben scored ",[39,161767,32850],{"class":57},[39,161769,161770,161773],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161771,161772],{"class":45},"Cara scored ",[39,161774,32855],{"class":57},[20,161776,44646],{},[176,161778,161779,161788,161791],{},[179,161780,161781,161784,161785],{},[15,161782,161783],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161786,161787],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[179,161789,161790],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[179,161792,161793,4104,161795,161797],{},[15,161794,7382],{},[15,161796,85240],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161799,161800,161801,117],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[195,161802,69334],{"href":69333},[160,161804,161806],{"id":161805},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161808,161809,161811],{},[15,161810,64040],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161813,161814],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[30,161816,161818],{"className":32,"code":161817,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161819,161820,161861,161877,161881,161905],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161821,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161857,161859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161823,4705],{"class":45},[39,161825,50],{"class":49},[39,161827,3327],{"class":53},[39,161829,562],{"class":517},[39,161831,12593],{"class":521},[39,161833,562],{"class":517},[39,161835,61],{"class":53},[39,161837,572],{"class":517},[39,161839,35653],{"class":521},[39,161841,562],{"class":517},[39,161843,61],{"class":53},[39,161845,572],{"class":517},[39,161847,35662],{"class":521},[39,161849,562],{"class":517},[39,161851,61],{"class":53},[39,161853,572],{"class":517},[39,161855,161856],{"class":521},"Dan",[39,161858,562],{"class":517},[39,161860,3340],{"class":53},[39,161862,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161864,4774],{"class":45},[39,161866,50],{"class":49},[39,161868,3327],{"class":53},[39,161870,13211],{"class":57},[39,161872,61],{"class":53},[39,161874,13216],{"class":57},[39,161876,3340],{"class":53},[39,161878,161879],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,161880,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,161882,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,161884,5671],{"class":3584},[39,161886,35704],{"class":45},[39,161888,61],{"class":53},[39,161890,4816],{"class":45},[39,161892,3591],{"class":3584},[39,161894,161176],{"class":136},[39,161896,124],{"class":53},[39,161898,4749],{"class":120},[39,161900,61],{"class":53},[39,161902,4821],{"class":120},[39,161904,8059],{"class":53},[39,161906,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,161908,7785],{"class":136},[39,161910,124],{"class":53},[39,161912,7382],{"class":120},[39,161914,61],{"class":53},[39,161916,130464],{"class":120},[39,161918,130],{"class":53},[20,161920,353],{},[30,161922,161924],{"className":32,"code":161923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161925,161926,161932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161927,161928,161930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161929,133483],{"class":45},[39,161931,32845],{"class":57},[39,161933,161934,161936],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161935,161218],{"class":45},[39,161937,32850],{"class":57},[20,161939,1992,161940,4104,161943,161946],{},[15,161941,161942],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161944,161945],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161948,161949],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[30,161951,161953],{"className":32,"code":161952,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161954,161955,161995,162011,162015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161956,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161958,4705],{"class":45},[39,161960,50],{"class":49},[39,161962,3327],{"class":53},[39,161964,562],{"class":517},[39,161966,12593],{"class":521},[39,161968,562],{"class":517},[39,161970,61],{"class":53},[39,161972,572],{"class":517},[39,161974,35653],{"class":521},[39,161976,562],{"class":517},[39,161978,61],{"class":53},[39,161980,572],{"class":517},[39,161982,35662],{"class":521},[39,161984,562],{"class":517},[39,161986,61],{"class":53},[39,161988,572],{"class":517},[39,161990,161856],{"class":521},[39,161992,562],{"class":517},[39,161994,3340],{"class":53},[39,161996,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,161998,4774],{"class":45},[39,162000,50],{"class":49},[39,162002,3327],{"class":53},[39,162004,13211],{"class":57},[39,162006,61],{"class":53},[39,162008,13216],{"class":57},[39,162010,3340],{"class":53},[39,162012,162013],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162014,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162016,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162018,137],{"class":136},[39,162020,124],{"class":53},[39,162022,1361],{"class":136},[39,162024,124],{"class":53},[39,162026,4749],{"class":120},[39,162028,8951],{"class":53},[39,162030,38099],{"class":136},[39,162032,124],{"class":53},[39,162034,16098],{"class":120},[39,162036,486],{"class":53},[20,162038,353],{},[30,162040,162042],{"className":32,"code":162041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4 2\n",[15,162043,162044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162045,162046,162048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162047,2212],{"class":57},[39,162049,45305],{"class":57},[20,162051,162052,162053,117],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162054,64040],{},[160,162056,91830,162058,162060],{"id":162057},"converting-zip-output",[15,162059,64040],{}," output",[20,162062,28770,162063,162065],{},[15,162064,64040],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[988,162067,154,162069],{"id":162068},"use-listzip",[15,162070,162071],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162073,162074],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[30,162076,162078],{"className":32,"code":162077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162079,162080,162112,162132,162136,162158],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162081,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162083,4705],{"class":45},[39,162085,50],{"class":49},[39,162087,3327],{"class":53},[39,162089,562],{"class":517},[39,162091,12593],{"class":521},[39,162093,562],{"class":517},[39,162095,61],{"class":53},[39,162097,572],{"class":517},[39,162099,35653],{"class":521},[39,162101,562],{"class":517},[39,162103,61],{"class":53},[39,162105,572],{"class":517},[39,162107,35662],{"class":521},[39,162109,562],{"class":517},[39,162111,3340],{"class":53},[39,162113,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162115,4774],{"class":45},[39,162117,50],{"class":49},[39,162119,3327],{"class":53},[39,162121,13211],{"class":57},[39,162123,61],{"class":53},[39,162125,13216],{"class":57},[39,162127,61],{"class":53},[39,162129,28629],{"class":57},[39,162131,3340],{"class":53},[39,162133,162134],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162135,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162137,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162139,8933],{"class":45},[39,162141,50],{"class":49},[39,162143,22266],{"class":478},[39,162145,124],{"class":53},[39,162147,64110],{"class":136},[39,162149,124],{"class":53},[39,162151,4749],{"class":120},[39,162153,61],{"class":53},[39,162155,4821],{"class":120},[39,162157,486],{"class":53},[39,162159,162160,162162,162164,162166],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162161,137],{"class":136},[39,162163,124],{"class":53},[39,162165,8979],{"class":120},[39,162167,130],{"class":53},[20,162169,353],{},[30,162171,162173],{"className":32,"code":162172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162174,162175],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162176,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162178,21448],{"class":53},[39,162180,524],{"class":517},[39,162182,12593],{"class":521},[39,162184,524],{"class":517},[39,162186,61],{"class":53},[39,162188,19605],{"class":57},[39,162190,8951],{"class":53},[39,162192,933],{"class":53},[39,162194,524],{"class":517},[39,162196,35653],{"class":521},[39,162198,524],{"class":517},[39,162200,61],{"class":53},[39,162202,13216],{"class":57},[39,162204,8951],{"class":53},[39,162206,933],{"class":53},[39,162208,524],{"class":517},[39,162210,35662],{"class":521},[39,162212,524],{"class":517},[39,162214,61],{"class":53},[39,162216,28629],{"class":57},[39,162218,8966],{"class":53},[988,162220,154,162222],{"id":162221},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162223,162224],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162226,162227],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[30,162229,162231],{"className":32,"code":162230,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162232,162233,162265,162293,162297,162319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162234,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162236,16951],{"class":45},[39,162238,50],{"class":49},[39,162240,3327],{"class":53},[39,162242,562],{"class":517},[39,162244,7382],{"class":521},[39,162246,562],{"class":517},[39,162248,61],{"class":53},[39,162250,572],{"class":517},[39,162252,9015],{"class":521},[39,162254,562],{"class":517},[39,162256,61],{"class":53},[39,162258,572],{"class":517},[39,162260,10124],{"class":521},[39,162262,562],{"class":517},[39,162264,3340],{"class":53},[39,162266,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162268,3529],{"class":45},[39,162270,50],{"class":49},[39,162272,3327],{"class":53},[39,162274,562],{"class":517},[39,162276,12593],{"class":521},[39,162278,562],{"class":517},[39,162280,61],{"class":53},[39,162282,9022],{"class":57},[39,162284,61],{"class":53},[39,162286,572],{"class":517},[39,162288,15740],{"class":521},[39,162290,562],{"class":517},[39,162292,3340],{"class":53},[39,162294,162295],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162296,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162298,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162300,12913],{"class":45},[39,162302,50],{"class":49},[39,162304,8888],{"class":478},[39,162306,124],{"class":53},[39,162308,64110],{"class":136},[39,162310,124],{"class":53},[39,162312,16633],{"class":120},[39,162314,61],{"class":53},[39,162316,3594],{"class":120},[39,162318,486],{"class":53},[39,162320,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162322,137],{"class":136},[39,162324,124],{"class":53},[39,162326,17016],{"class":120},[39,162328,130],{"class":53},[20,162330,353],{},[30,162332,162334],{"className":32,"code":162333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162335,162336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162337,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162339,363],{"class":53},[39,162341,524],{"class":517},[39,162343,7382],{"class":521},[39,162345,524],{"class":517},[39,162347,1250],{"class":53},[39,162349,518],{"class":517},[39,162351,12593],{"class":521},[39,162353,524],{"class":517},[39,162355,61],{"class":53},[39,162357,518],{"class":517},[39,162359,9015],{"class":521},[39,162361,524],{"class":517},[39,162363,1250],{"class":53},[39,162365,9022],{"class":57},[39,162367,61],{"class":53},[39,162369,518],{"class":517},[39,162371,10124],{"class":521},[39,162373,524],{"class":517},[39,162375,1250],{"class":53},[39,162377,518],{"class":517},[39,162379,15740],{"class":521},[39,162381,524],{"class":517},[39,162383,72],{"class":53},[20,162385,162386,162387,117],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[195,162388,30795],{"href":30794},[988,162390,162392],{"id":162391},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162394,162395],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[30,162397,162399],{"className":32,"code":162398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162400,162401,162425,162441,162445,162463,162467,162481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162402,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162404,4705],{"class":45},[39,162406,50],{"class":49},[39,162408,3327],{"class":53},[39,162410,562],{"class":517},[39,162412,12593],{"class":521},[39,162414,562],{"class":517},[39,162416,61],{"class":53},[39,162418,572],{"class":517},[39,162420,35653],{"class":521},[39,162422,562],{"class":517},[39,162424,3340],{"class":53},[39,162426,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162428,4774],{"class":45},[39,162430,50],{"class":49},[39,162432,3327],{"class":53},[39,162434,13211],{"class":57},[39,162436,61],{"class":53},[39,162438,13216],{"class":57},[39,162440,3340],{"class":53},[39,162442,162443],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162444,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162448,8933],{"class":45},[39,162450,50],{"class":49},[39,162452,161176],{"class":136},[39,162454,124],{"class":53},[39,162456,4749],{"class":120},[39,162458,61],{"class":53},[39,162460,4821],{"class":120},[39,162462,130],{"class":53},[39,162464,162465],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162466,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162468,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,162470,137],{"class":136},[39,162472,124],{"class":53},[39,162474,7810],{"class":478},[39,162476,124],{"class":53},[39,162478,8979],{"class":120},[39,162480,486],{"class":53},[39,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,162484,137],{"class":136},[39,162486,124],{"class":53},[39,162488,7810],{"class":478},[39,162490,124],{"class":53},[39,162492,8979],{"class":120},[39,162494,486],{"class":53},[20,162496,353],{},[30,162498,162500],{"className":32,"code":162499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162501,162502,162532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162503,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162505,21448],{"class":53},[39,162507,524],{"class":517},[39,162509,12593],{"class":521},[39,162511,524],{"class":517},[39,162513,61],{"class":53},[39,162515,19605],{"class":57},[39,162517,8951],{"class":53},[39,162519,933],{"class":53},[39,162521,524],{"class":517},[39,162523,35653],{"class":521},[39,162525,524],{"class":517},[39,162527,61],{"class":53},[39,162529,13216],{"class":57},[39,162531,8966],{"class":53},[39,162533,162534],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162535,38010],{"class":53},[20,162537,162538],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162540,162541,162542,117],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[195,162543,4847],{"href":5299},[160,162545,40760],{"id":40759},[20,162547,162548,162549,117],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162550,64040],{},[988,162552,162554],{"id":162553},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[30,162556,162558],{"className":32,"code":162557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162559,162560,162592,162612,162616,162640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162561,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162563,4705],{"class":45},[39,162565,50],{"class":49},[39,162567,3327],{"class":53},[39,162569,562],{"class":517},[39,162571,12593],{"class":521},[39,162573,562],{"class":517},[39,162575,61],{"class":53},[39,162577,572],{"class":517},[39,162579,35653],{"class":521},[39,162581,562],{"class":517},[39,162583,61],{"class":53},[39,162585,572],{"class":517},[39,162587,35662],{"class":521},[39,162589,562],{"class":517},[39,162591,3340],{"class":53},[39,162593,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162595,4774],{"class":45},[39,162597,50],{"class":49},[39,162599,3327],{"class":53},[39,162601,13211],{"class":57},[39,162603,61],{"class":53},[39,162605,13216],{"class":57},[39,162607,61],{"class":53},[39,162609,28629],{"class":57},[39,162611,3340],{"class":53},[39,162613,162614],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162615,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162617,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162619,5671],{"class":3584},[39,162621,35704],{"class":45},[39,162623,61],{"class":53},[39,162625,4816],{"class":45},[39,162627,3591],{"class":3584},[39,162629,161176],{"class":136},[39,162631,124],{"class":53},[39,162633,4749],{"class":120},[39,162635,61],{"class":53},[39,162637,4821],{"class":120},[39,162639,8059],{"class":53},[39,162641,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162643,7785],{"class":136},[39,162645,124],{"class":53},[39,162647,22001],{"class":513},[39,162649,562],{"class":521},[39,162651,363],{"class":57},[39,162653,7382],{"class":120},[39,162655,22010],{"class":57},[39,162657,22013],{"class":521},[39,162659,363],{"class":57},[39,162661,85240],{"class":120},[39,162663,22010],{"class":57},[39,162665,562],{"class":521},[39,162667,130],{"class":53},[988,162669,162671],{"id":162670},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[30,162673,162675],{"className":32,"code":162674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162676,162677,162709,162733,162737,162759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162678,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162680,16951],{"class":45},[39,162682,50],{"class":49},[39,162684,3327],{"class":53},[39,162686,562],{"class":517},[39,162688,12362],{"class":521},[39,162690,562],{"class":517},[39,162692,61],{"class":53},[39,162694,572],{"class":517},[39,162696,7382],{"class":521},[39,162698,562],{"class":517},[39,162700,61],{"class":53},[39,162702,572],{"class":517},[39,162704,15530],{"class":521},[39,162706,562],{"class":517},[39,162708,3340],{"class":53},[39,162710,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162712,3529],{"class":45},[39,162714,50],{"class":49},[39,162716,3327],{"class":53},[39,162718,46308],{"class":57},[39,162720,61],{"class":53},[39,162722,572],{"class":517},[39,162724,12593],{"class":521},[39,162726,562],{"class":517},[39,162728,61],{"class":53},[39,162730,3625],{"class":3559},[39,162732,3340],{"class":53},[39,162734,162735],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162736,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162738,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162740,8883],{"class":45},[39,162742,50],{"class":49},[39,162744,8888],{"class":478},[39,162746,124],{"class":53},[39,162748,64110],{"class":136},[39,162750,124],{"class":53},[39,162752,16633],{"class":120},[39,162754,61],{"class":53},[39,162756,3594],{"class":120},[39,162758,486],{"class":53},[39,162760,162761,162763,162765,162767],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162762,137],{"class":136},[39,162764,124],{"class":53},[39,162766,8922],{"class":120},[39,162768,130],{"class":53},[988,162770,162772],{"id":162771},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[30,162774,162776],{"className":32,"code":162775,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162777,162778,162798,162818,162822,162847],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162779,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162781,80379],{"class":45},[39,162783,50],{"class":49},[39,162785,3327],{"class":53},[39,162787,2037],{"class":57},[39,162789,61],{"class":53},[39,162791,7505],{"class":57},[39,162793,61],{"class":53},[39,162795,7510],{"class":57},[39,162797,3340],{"class":53},[39,162799,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162801,80400],{"class":45},[39,162803,50],{"class":49},[39,162805,3327],{"class":53},[39,162807,2037],{"class":57},[39,162809,61],{"class":53},[39,162811,9022],{"class":57},[39,162813,61],{"class":53},[39,162815,7510],{"class":57},[39,162817,3340],{"class":53},[39,162819,162820],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162821,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162823,162824,162826,162828,162830,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162825,5671],{"class":3584},[39,162827,114],{"class":45},[39,162829,61],{"class":53},[39,162831,162832],{"class":45}," b ",[39,162834,3591],{"class":3584},[39,162836,161176],{"class":136},[39,162838,124],{"class":53},[39,162840,111351],{"class":120},[39,162842,61],{"class":53},[39,162844,80443],{"class":120},[39,162846,8059],{"class":53},[39,162848,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162850,7785],{"class":136},[39,162852,124],{"class":53},[39,162854,46],{"class":120},[39,162856,4398],{"class":49},[39,162858,2266],{"class":120},[39,162860,130],{"class":53},[20,162862,353],{},[30,162864,162866],{"className":32,"code":162865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162867,162868,162872,162876],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162869,162870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162871,3689],{"class":3559},[39,162873,162874],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162875,3750],{"class":3559},[39,162877,162878],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162879,3689],{"class":3559},[988,162881,162883],{"id":162882},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[30,162885,162887],{"className":32,"code":162886,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162888,162889,162924,162947,162951,162978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162890,162891,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162911,162913,162915,162917,162920,162922],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162892,162893],{"class":45},"products ",[39,162895,50],{"class":49},[39,162897,3327],{"class":53},[39,162899,562],{"class":517},[39,162901,24848],{"class":521},[39,162903,562],{"class":517},[39,162905,61],{"class":53},[39,162907,572],{"class":517},[39,162909,162910],{"class":521},"Pen",[39,162912,562],{"class":517},[39,162914,61],{"class":53},[39,162916,572],{"class":517},[39,162918,162919],{"class":521},"Bag",[39,162921,562],{"class":517},[39,162923,3340],{"class":53},[39,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162935,162937,162940,162942,162945],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,162927,82769],{"class":45},[39,162929,50],{"class":49},[39,162931,3327],{"class":53},[39,162933,162934],{"class":57},"12.5",[39,162936,61],{"class":53},[39,162938,162939],{"class":57}," 1.2",[39,162941,61],{"class":53},[39,162943,162944],{"class":57}," 25.0",[39,162946,3340],{"class":53},[39,162948,162949],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,162950,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,162952,162953,162955,162957,162959,162962,162964,162966,162968,162971,162973,162976],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,162954,5671],{"class":3584},[39,162956,24909],{"class":45},[39,162958,61],{"class":53},[39,162960,162961],{"class":45}," price ",[39,162963,3591],{"class":3584},[39,162965,161176],{"class":136},[39,162967,124],{"class":53},[39,162969,162970],{"class":120},"products",[39,162972,61],{"class":53},[39,162974,162975],{"class":120}," prices",[39,162977,8059],{"class":53},[39,162979,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,162981,7785],{"class":136},[39,162983,124],{"class":53},[39,162985,22001],{"class":513},[39,162987,562],{"class":521},[39,162989,363],{"class":57},[39,162991,26717],{"class":120},[39,162993,22010],{"class":57},[39,162995,162996],{"class":521}," costs $",[39,162998,363],{"class":57},[39,163000,24857],{"class":120},[39,163002,22010],{"class":57},[39,163004,562],{"class":521},[39,163006,130],{"class":53},[20,163008,36315,163009,117],{},[195,163010,163012],{"href":163011},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[160,163014,163016,163017],{"id":163015},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163018,64040],{},[988,163020,8170,163022,163024],{"id":163021},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163023,64040],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163026,163027,163029],{},[15,163028,64040],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163031,163032],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[30,163034,163036],{"className":32,"code":163035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163037,163038],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163039,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163041,137],{"class":136},[39,163043,124],{"class":53},[39,163045,1361],{"class":136},[39,163047,124],{"class":53},[39,163049,111351],{"class":120},[39,163051,8951],{"class":53},[39,163053,38099],{"class":136},[39,163055,124],{"class":53},[39,163057,80666],{"class":120},[39,163059,486],{"class":53},[988,163061,163063],{"id":163062},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163065,68557],{},[30,163067,163069],{"className":32,"code":163068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163070,163071,163107,163111,163124,163134,163138,163150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163072,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163074,8933],{"class":45},[39,163076,50],{"class":49},[39,163078,161176],{"class":136},[39,163080,917],{"class":53},[39,163082,58],{"class":57},[39,163084,61],{"class":53},[39,163086,64],{"class":57},[39,163088,930],{"class":53},[39,163090,3327],{"class":53},[39,163092,562],{"class":517},[39,163094,195],{"class":521},[39,163096,562],{"class":517},[39,163098,61],{"class":53},[39,163100,572],{"class":517},[39,163102,127],{"class":521},[39,163104,562],{"class":517},[39,163106,3597],{"class":53},[39,163108,163109],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,163110,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,163112,163113,163115,163117,163119,163122],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,163114,5671],{"class":3584},[39,163116,5674],{"class":45},[39,163118,3591],{"class":3584},[39,163120,163121],{"class":45}," pairs",[39,163123,6107],{"class":53},[39,163125,163126,163128,163130,163132],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,163127,7785],{"class":136},[39,163129,124],{"class":53},[39,163131,23017],{"class":120},[39,163133,130],{"class":53},[39,163135,163136],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,163137,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,163139,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":41,"line":147},[39,163141,5671],{"class":3584},[39,163143,5674],{"class":45},[39,163145,3591],{"class":3584},[39,163147,163121],{"class":45},[39,163149,6107],{"class":53},[39,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158],{"class":41,"line":471},[39,163153,7785],{"class":136},[39,163155,124],{"class":53},[39,163157,23017],{"class":120},[39,163159,130],{"class":53},[20,163161,163162],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[988,163164,163166],{"id":163165},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163168,163169],{},"This is correct:",[30,163171,163173],{"className":32,"code":163172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163174,163175,163199,163215,163219,163243],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163176,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163178,4705],{"class":45},[39,163180,50],{"class":49},[39,163182,3327],{"class":53},[39,163184,562],{"class":517},[39,163186,12593],{"class":521},[39,163188,562],{"class":517},[39,163190,61],{"class":53},[39,163192,572],{"class":517},[39,163194,35653],{"class":521},[39,163196,562],{"class":517},[39,163198,3340],{"class":53},[39,163200,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,163202,4774],{"class":45},[39,163204,50],{"class":49},[39,163206,3327],{"class":53},[39,163208,13211],{"class":57},[39,163210,61],{"class":53},[39,163212,13216],{"class":57},[39,163214,3340],{"class":53},[39,163216,163217],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,163218,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,163220,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,163222,5671],{"class":3584},[39,163224,35704],{"class":45},[39,163226,61],{"class":53},[39,163228,4816],{"class":45},[39,163230,3591],{"class":3584},[39,163232,161176],{"class":136},[39,163234,124],{"class":53},[39,163236,4749],{"class":120},[39,163238,61],{"class":53},[39,163240,4821],{"class":120},[39,163242,8059],{"class":53},[39,163244,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255],{"class":41,"line":133},[39,163246,7785],{"class":136},[39,163248,124],{"class":53},[39,163250,7382],{"class":120},[39,163252,61],{"class":53},[39,163254,130464],{"class":120},[39,163256,130],{"class":53},[20,163258,163259],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[30,163261,163263],{"className":32,"code":163262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163264,163265,163285],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163266,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163268,5671],{"class":3584},[39,163270,5674],{"class":45},[39,163272,3591],{"class":3584},[39,163274,161176],{"class":136},[39,163276,124],{"class":53},[39,163278,4749],{"class":120},[39,163280,61],{"class":53},[39,163282,4821],{"class":120},[39,163284,8059],{"class":53},[39,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,163288,7785],{"class":136},[39,163290,124],{"class":53},[39,163292,23017],{"class":120},[39,163294,130],{"class":53},[20,163296,353],{},[30,163298,163300],{"className":32,"code":163299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163301,163302,163318],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163303,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163305,124],{"class":53},[39,163307,524],{"class":517},[39,163309,12593],{"class":521},[39,163311,524],{"class":517},[39,163313,61],{"class":53},[39,163315,19605],{"class":57},[39,163317,130],{"class":53},[39,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,163321,124],{"class":53},[39,163323,524],{"class":517},[39,163325,35653],{"class":521},[39,163327,524],{"class":517},[39,163329,61],{"class":53},[39,163331,13216],{"class":57},[39,163333,130],{"class":53},[20,163335,163336],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[988,163338,718,163340,163342,163343],{"id":163339},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163341,64040],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163344,35461],{},[20,163346,154,163347,163349],{},[15,163348,64040],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163351,154,163352,163354],{},[15,163353,35461],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[30,163356,163357],{"className":32,"code":35630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,163358,163359,163391,163395,163415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163360,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163362,4705],{"class":45},[39,163364,50],{"class":49},[39,163366,3327],{"class":53},[39,163368,562],{"class":517},[39,163370,12593],{"class":521},[39,163372,562],{"class":517},[39,163374,61],{"class":53},[39,163376,572],{"class":517},[39,163378,35653],{"class":521},[39,163380,562],{"class":517},[39,163382,61],{"class":53},[39,163384,572],{"class":517},[39,163386,35662],{"class":521},[39,163388,562],{"class":517},[39,163390,3340],{"class":53},[39,163392,163393],{"class":41,"line":75},[39,163394,103],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":102},[39,163396,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413],{"class":41,"line":99},[39,163398,5671],{"class":3584},[39,163400,35533],{"class":45},[39,163402,61],{"class":53},[39,163404,35681],{"class":45},[39,163406,3591],{"class":3584},[39,163408,35543],{"class":136},[39,163410,124],{"class":53},[39,163412,4749],{"class":120},[39,163414,8059],{"class":53},[39,163416,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427],{"class":41,"line":106},[39,163418,7785],{"class":136},[39,163420,124],{"class":53},[39,163422,35558],{"class":120},[39,163424,61],{"class":53},[39,163426,35704],{"class":120},[39,163428,130],{"class":53},[20,163430,163431,163432,117],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[195,163433,13,163434,3213],{"href":91742},[15,163435,35461],{},[160,163437,1563],{"id":1562},[988,163439,4853,163441,4856],{"id":163440},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163442,64040],{},[20,163444,163445],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[988,163447,1567,163449,163451],{"id":163448},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163450,64040],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163453,163454],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[988,163456,163458,163459,2199],{"id":163457},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163460,64040],{},[20,163462,163463,163464,117],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163465,162071],{},[988,163467,163469,163470,2199],{"id":163468},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163471,64040],{},[20,163473,127829,163474,163476],{},[15,163475,162224],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[988,163478,163480],{"id":163479},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163482,163483],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[160,163485,1613],{"id":1612},[176,163487,163488,163493,163499,163503,163507],{},[179,163489,163490],{},[195,163491,163492],{"href":163011},"How to use zip in Python",[179,163494,163495],{},[195,163496,13,163497,3213],{"href":91742},[15,163498,35461],{},[179,163500,163501],{},[195,163502,4927],{"href":5299},[179,163504,163505],{},[195,163506,69410],{"href":69333},[179,163508,163509],{},[195,163510,31969],{"href":30794},[1642,163512,163513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":163515},[163516,163517,163519,163520,163521,163522,163530,163536,163545,163556],{"id":1710,"depth":75,"text":1711},{"id":161235,"depth":75,"text":163518},"What zip() does",{"id":201,"depth":75,"text":202},{"id":161628,"depth":75,"text":161629},{"id":161805,"depth":75,"text":161806},{"id":162057,"depth":75,"text":163523,"children":163524},"Converting zip() output",[163525,163527,163529],{"id":162068,"depth":99,"text":163526},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162221,"depth":99,"text":163528},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162391,"depth":99,"text":162392},{"id":40759,"depth":75,"text":40760,"children":163531},[163532,163533,163534,163535],{"id":162553,"depth":99,"text":162554},{"id":162670,"depth":99,"text":162671},{"id":162771,"depth":99,"text":162772},{"id":162882,"depth":99,"text":162883},{"id":163015,"depth":75,"text":163537,"children":163538},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163539,163541,163542,163543],{"id":163021,"depth":99,"text":163540},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163062,"depth":99,"text":163063},{"id":163165,"depth":99,"text":163166},{"id":163339,"depth":99,"text":163544},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1562,"depth":75,"text":1563,"children":163546},[163547,163549,163551,163553,163555],{"id":163440,"depth":99,"text":163548},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163448,"depth":99,"text":163550},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163457,"depth":99,"text":163552},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163468,"depth":99,"text":163554},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163479,"depth":99,"text":163480},{"id":1612,"depth":75,"text":1613},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161077,"description":163557},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944977063]